Name: Caballero, Castano, Dacula, Ga, Lopez Date Performed: 03/05/2022
Course and Year: BSEE 2-A2 Date Submitted: 04/05/2022 Signature: Instructor’s Signature:
Experiment 23 AC RC and RL Circuit
Objectives
1. To understand the characteristics an RL series network in ac circuit.
2. To understand the inductive reactance, impedance, and phase angle.
Part I.
Discussion
In a pure inductance, if the voltage is applied the current lags the voltage by 900. Inductance therefore has a phase angle associated with it. The opposition that an inductance offers to the flow of alternating current is called inductive reactance and may be expressed as X L angle 900, or jXL. The magnitude of XL = 2πfl = ώL.
An RL series circuit with an ac supply voltage is shown in Fig. 4-1. The impedance f this circuit can be expressed as
ZT = R + jXL
The current in the circuit is
I = E / ZT (the current lags the voltage)
The voltage across R is
Vr = IR
The voltage across L is
VL = I XL By Kirchhoff’s voltage law, then Summation of V = E – VR - VL = 0 E = VR + VL
Fig. 4-1
Procedure
1. According to Figs. 4-1. Apply the AC power 9V to EA and plot the waveform of the supply voltage at Fig. 4-2. Using sine function as reference, write the voltage equation in the form ℮a = Emsinῳt. Where: Em = Max voltage = √2 Vrms ℮a = 12.73sin(376.99t) V
2. Record the given data in the figure 4-1 and calculate for the values required. Express in polar form if applicable. R9 = 2,000 ohms L1 = 0.5 Henry Reactance of L1 XL = 188.50 90o Ω Total impedance ZT = 2,008.86 5.38o Ω Current in circuit I = 4.48 -5.38o mA(rms) o Voltage across R9 ER = 8.96 -5.38 V(rms) Voltage across L1 EL = 0.84 84.62o V (rms) Quality factor Q = XL/R = 0.094 90o Phase angle θ = 85.46o Fig. 4-2 3. Using ℮a in step 2 and value of ZT in step 2, compute the sinusoidal value of current flowing in the circuit. i = 6.34x10-3sin (376.99t-5.38o) A What is the phase difference between the voltage and current? ӨD = 5.38o With reference to the voltage, plot the current waveform in Fig. 4-2 using different color reflecting the correct phase difference between the two waveforms.
4. Measure and record the values of ℮R and ℮L by using the oscilloscope.
Plot the waveform of each voltage R9 and L1 using different colors in Fig. 4-3.
℮R Waveform ℮L Waveform
Fig. 4-4 Using the plotted values of ℮R and ℮L write the sinusoidal voltage equations as a function of time ℮R = 12.71 sin (376.99t) ℮L = 1.2011 cos (376.99t-5.38o)
From the value of ℮R and ℮L . Compute the rms value of ER and EL .
ER = 8.987 V EL = 0.849 V Are the computed values equal to the calculated values of step 2? □ Yes □ No
5. Measure and record the values of ER and EC by using the AC voltmeter.
ER = 8.960 V EL = 0.857 V Are the measured values equal to the calculated values of step 2? □ Yes □ No
6. Using the measured values of ER and EL in step 6 calculate and record the current I = 4.89 -5.38 mA Does the current value equal the calculated current I of step 2? □ Yes □ No Why? It is because that the calculated value of current in step 2 is 4.48 -5.38o mA and the calculated value in number 6 is 4.89 -5.38 mA. Basing only in the current, we can see that both values were very close with each other. Therefore, we can just say that the calculated current in the measured values of ER and EL is almost the same or equal to the calculated current of step 2.
7. Using the values of R, XL and ZT, plot a vector diagram is space below. Imaginary axis
XL= 188.50 90o ZT = 2,008.86 5.38 o
Real axis R= 2000 0o
Conclusion
As we plotted the vector diagram using the values of R, XL, and ZT, we have observed that the ZT is directly proportional to the values of the R and XL. The value of ZT increases as the values of the R and XL increases. And its value also decreases as the R and XL values have decreased. We have also observed in this activity that the impedance is the combination of resistance and inductive reactance. The impedance also contains both real and imaginary parts wherein the real part is the resistance while the imaginary part is the inductive reactance. Also, impedance has both magnitude and phase. In terms of our computed values and the measured values, we have observed that the measured values on both of them are almost exactly the same. Therefore, we have just concluded that the values of our computations are equal to that of the measured values.
