The document describes an experiment on measuring voltages and currents in an RLC circuit using an oscilloscope and function generator. It provides the circuit diagram, equations for sinusoidal currents and voltages, objectives, materials, procedures for measurements, and questions analyzing the results.
The document describes an experiment on measuring voltages and currents in an RLC circuit using an oscilloscope and function generator. It provides the circuit diagram, equations for sinusoidal currents and voltages, objectives, materials, procedures for measurements, and questions analyzing the results.
The document describes an experiment on measuring voltages and currents in an RLC circuit using an oscilloscope and function generator. It provides the circuit diagram, equations for sinusoidal currents and voltages, objectives, materials, procedures for measurements, and questions analyzing the results.
The document describes an experiment on measuring voltages and currents in an RLC circuit using an oscilloscope and function generator. It provides the circuit diagram, equations for sinusoidal currents and voltages, objectives, materials, procedures for measurements, and questions analyzing the results.
Introduction The students learnt how to use the function generator and oscilloscope in the previous experiment. In this experiment they will learn to build and take measurements in ac circuits. The circuit will be simulated on Multisim Electronics Workbench. Then they will build it with hardware components and check the accuracy of the measurements comparing with the simulation results. Consider the circuit given in Figure 1.
Figure 1: RLC circuit
The equations for sinusoidal current is written in the form,
i = Im sin (? t-?) (1)
where, i is the instantaneous value of current, Im is the peak value, ? is the angular frequency and ? is the phase angle of the current with respect to the source voltage. Phase angle can be measured by using the two traces of a dual trace oscilloscope and measuring the time difference between two waveforms, as shown in Figure 2.
Time shift = τ Phase shift = ? = ωτ Phase shift = ? = 360 (τ/T) where T = time period τ
Figure 2: Phase angle measurement
The RMS or effective value of the sinusoid is given as Im/v2. The power dissipated can be computed by using, P= Erms Irms cos ? (2) P= I2rms R= V2R/R (3)
48 Objectives 1. Measure currents in each branch of the circuit of Figure 1 using oscilloscope 2. Verify KCL for ac circuit 3. Calculate the power dissipated in the resistor.
Procedure 1. Construct the circuit of Figure 1. Connect Ch A of the oscilloscope to the output of signal generator at point ‘a’. Oscilloscope ground and circuit ground should be the same. Set the oscilloscope to AUTO sweep, and use Ch A as the TRIGGER source. Adjust the output of the signal generator to provide a sinusoidal voltage with an amplitude (peak value) of 5V (10 Vp-p) and frequency of the function generator at f=10 KHz. 2. Use Ch B of the oscilloscope to observe the voltage at point d. This is the voltage across resistor R2. Measure the peak (half of peak to peak) voltage V2 (across R2). Determine phase angle ? 2 of voltage V2 with respect to generator voltage ‘e’. Determine the amplitude IL (V3/R3) and enter time domain expression for iL below.
Table 1: Sinusoidal expressions for voltage (v2) and current (iL)
V2 (amplitude) ? 2 (phase, deg) Expression v2 Expression iL
Workbench
Hardwired
4. Move Ch B of the oscilloscope to observe the voltage at point f. This is the voltage across R3. Measure the amplitude V3 and phase angle ? 3 with respect to ‘e’. Determine the amplitude IC (V3/R3) and enter time domain expression for iC below.
Table 2: Sinusoidal expressions for voltage (v3) and current (iC)
V3 (amplitude) ? 3 (phase, deg) Expression v3 Expression iC
Workbench
Hardwired
49 5. Change the position of resistor R1 to that shown in Figure 2. This change will not affect the circuit. Connect Ch A to point ‘a’ and Ch B to point ‘g’. Measure amplitude of the voltage across R1 (V1) from Ch B. Determine phase angle ? 1 of voltage V1 with respect to generator voltage ‘e’. Determine the amplitude I (V1/R1) and enter time domain expression for i below.
Table 3: Sinusoidal expressions for voltage (v1) and current (i)
V1 (amplitude) ? 1 (phase, deg) Amplitude I Expression i
Workbench
Hardwired
Questions
1. Convert the measured values of currents iR, iL and iC obtained in steps 3-5 into phasor form (example, I= 5∠30 0 Amp ). Compare these values with the ones obtained through simulation.
Hardwired Experimental Values Simulation Values
50 2. Use complex algebra to show that the data in step 1 (above) satisfies Kirchhoff’s current law.
3. Use the phasors E and I to calculate total power delivered to the circuit by the voltage source (equation 2).
PT=
51 4. Now use the rms values of IR and VR to determine the power dissipated by the resistor (equation 3). How does this value compare with the total power dissipated by the source? Offer an explanation for any variation.
