16-1

GROUP 16

ENGINE
ELECTRICAL
CONTENTS

CHARGING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . 16-3 INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17

GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . 16-3 STARTING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . 16-20

CHARGING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS 16-4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . 16-20

SPECIAL TOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-6 STARTING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS . 16-21

ON-VEHICLE SERVICE. . . . . . . . . 16-7 ON-VEHICLE SERVICE . . . . . . . . . 16-22

GENERATOR OUTPUT LINE VOLTAGE STARTER RELAY CHECK . . . . . . . . . . 16-22
DROP TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-7
OUTPUT CURRENT TEST . . . . . . . . . . 16-8 STARTER MOTOR ASSEMBLY . . 16-23
REGULATED VOLTAGE TEST . . . . . . . 16-10
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION. . . . . . 16-23
WAVE PATTERN CHECK USING AN
INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-23
OSCILLOSCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-11
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY . . . . . 16-26
INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-28
GENERATOR ASSEMBLY . . . . . . 16-14
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION . . . . . 16-14
Continued on next page
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY. . . . . 16-15

WARNING
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds. WASH HANDS
AFTER HANDLING.
16-2

IGNITION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-30 IGNITION PRIMARY VOLTAGE WAVE

PATTERN CHECK USING AN
OSCILLOSCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-39
GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . 16-30

CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

SPECIAL TOOLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-31
AND CRANKSHAFT POSITION
SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-44
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE. . . . . . . . . 16-31 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION. . . . . . 16-44
SPARK PLUG CABLE TEST . . . . . . . . . 16-31
SPARK PLUG TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-31
IGNITION COIL CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-32 SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 16-45
IGNITION POWER TRANSISTOR
CONTINUITY CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-32
SPARK PLUG CABLE RESISTANCE
FASTENER TIGHTENING
CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-33 SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-45
SPARK PLUG CHECK AND CLEANING 16-33
CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR CHECK 16-33 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . 16-45
CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-33
IGNITION SECONDARY VOLTAGE WAVE
SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . 16-46
PATTERN CHECK USING AN
OSCILLOSCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-34
 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-3
CHARGING SYSTEM
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
M1161000100384
The charging system charges the battery with the
generator output to keep the battery charged at a
constant level during varying electrical load.
OPERATION
When the ignition switch is turned on, current flows in
VOLTAGE the field coil and initial excitation of the field coil
occurs.
When the stator coil begins to generate power after
APPROXIMATELY
the engine is started, the field coil is excited by the
14.4 V output current of the stator coil.
The generator output voltage rises as the field cur-
rent increases and it falls as the field current
decreases. When the battery positive voltage (gener-
TIME
AKX00183 AB
ator S terminal voltage) reaches a regulated voltage
of approximately 14.4 V, the field current is cut off.
Rotation of the excited field coil generates AC volt- When the battery positive voltage drops below the
age in the stator. regulated voltage, the voltage regulator regulates the
This alternating current is rectified through diodes to output voltage to a constant level by controlling the
DC voltage having a waveform shown in the illustra- field current.
tion at left. In addition, when the field current is constant, the
The average output voltage fluctuates slightly with generator output voltage rises as the engine speed
the generator load condition. increases.

GENERATOR

B
STATOR
COIL
GENERATOR
MALFUNCTION LIGHT

IGNITION
FIELD COIL SWITCH
L

VOLTAGE S +
REGULATOR
BATTERY

AK100143 AC

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16-4 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM

CHARGING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS

M1161000700278

TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS
Generator malfunction light dose not go on when the ignition
switch is turned to ON, before the engine starts.
• Check the bulb.
Generator malfunction light dose not switch off after the engine
starts.
• Check the IC voltage regulator inside the generator.
Discharged or overcharged battery.
• Check the IC voltage regulator inside the generator.
The generator malfunction light illuminates dimly.
• Check the diode (inside the combination meter) for a
short-circuit.

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
The charging system troubleshooting guide is shown in the fol-
lowing steps.

STEP 1.
Q: Is the battery in good condition? (Refer to GROUP 54A,
Chassis Electrical − Battery − On-vehicle Service −
Battery Check P.54-5.)
YES : Go to Step 2 .
NO : Charge or replace the battery.

STEP 2.
Q: Is the generator drive belt in good condition? (Refer to
GROUP 00, General <Body and Chasis> − Maintenance
Service − 8. Drive Belt (For Generator, Water Pump and
Power Steering Pump) (Check Condition) P.00-46.)
YES : Go to Step 3 .
NO : Adjust the belt tension or replace the belt.

STEP 3.
Q: Does the generator malfunction light come on when the
ignition switch is turned on?
YES : Go to Step 4 .
NO : • Check the ignition switch. (Refer to GROUP 54A,
Chassis Electrical − Ignition Switch − Ignition
Switch Removal and Installation − Inspection
P.54-74.)
• Check for burnt-out generator malfunction light.
• Check the generator. (Refer to Charging System −
Generator Assembly − Inspection P.16-17.)
• Check the generator malfunction light-related
circuits.

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-5

STEP 4.
Q: Does the generator malfunction light go out after
starting the engine?
YES : Go to Step 5 .
NO : Check the generator (Refer to Charging System −
Generator Assembly − Inspection P.16-17.)

STEP 5.
Q: Is an oscilloscope available?
YES : Go to Step 6 .
NO : Go to Step 7.

STEP 6.
Q: Dose the oscilloscope show a normal wave pattern?
(Refer to Charging System − On-vehicle Service − Wave
Pattern Check Using an Oscilloscope P.16-11.)
YES : Go to Step 7.
NO : Check the generator. (Refer to Charging System −
Generator Assembly − Inspection P.16-17.)

STEP 7.
• Engine: 2,500 r/min
• Headlight: ON (high beam)
• Voltage between generator terminal B and the positive bat-
tery terminal
OK: 0.5 V or less
• Voltage between the negative battery terminal and genera-
tor body
OK: 0.5 V or less
Q: Are the generator output line and ground line in good
condition?
YES : Go to Step 8 .
NO : Check the generator output line and ground line.

STEP 8.
Q: Is the output current normal? (Refer to Charging
System − On-vehicle Service − Output Current Test
P.16-8.)
YES : Go to Step 9 .
NO : Check the generator (Refer to Charging System −
Generator Assembly − Inspection P.16-17.)

STEP 9.
Q: Is the regulated voltage normal? (Refer to Charging
System − On-vehicle Service − Regulated Voltage Test
P.16-10.)
YES : Go to Step 10 .
NO : Check the generator (Refer to Charging System −
Generator Assembly − Inspection P.16-17.)

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16-6 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM

STEP 10.
Q: Is the voltage drop in the generator output line normal?
YES : Generator is normal. Check other systems.
NO : Check the output line.
SPECIAL TOOL
M1161000600271

TOOL TOOL NUMBER AND SUPERSESSION APPLICATION

NAME
MB991958 MB991824-KIT Checking of engine idle
A
A: MB991824 NOTE: G: MB991826 speed
B: MB991827 MUT-III Trigger Harness
C: MB991910 is not necessary when
D: MB991911 pushing V.C.I. ENTER
MB991824
E: MB991914 key.
B F: MB991825
G: MB991826
MUT-III sub assembly
A: Vehicle
Communication Interface
C
MB991827
(V.C.I.)
B: MUT-III USB Cable
DO NOT USE C: MUT-III Main Harness
A (Vehicles with CAN
communication system)
MB991910 D: MUT-III Main Harness
D B (Vehicles without CAN
communication system)
E: MUT-III Main Harness
C (for Daimler Chrysler
models only)
MB991911
F: MUT-III Adapter
E
Harness
G: MUT-III Trigger
DO NOT USE Harness

MB991914

MB991825
G

MB991826
MB991958

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-7
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE
GENERATOR OUTPUT LINE VOLTAGE DROP TEST
M1161000900379

AMMETER

GENERATOR

VOLTMETER
(DIGITAL-TYPE)

BATTERY
"B"TERMINAL
–

AKX00185 AB

Required Special Tool: 4. Disconnect the generator output wire from the
MB991958: Scan Tool (MUT-III Sub Assembly) generator "B" terminal and connect a DC test
• MB991824: V.C.I. ammeter with a range of 0 − 100 A in series
• MB991827: MUT-III USB Cable between the "B" terminal and the disconnected
• MB991911: MUT-III Main Harness B output wire. (Connect the positive lead of the
This test determines whether the wiring from the ammeter to the "B" terminal, and then connect the
generator "B" terminal to the positive battery terminal negative lead of the ammeter to the disconnected
(including the fusible link) is in good condition or not: output wire.)
WARNING NOTE: A clamp-type ammeter which enables
Battery posts, terminals and related acces- measurements to be taken without disconnecting
sories contain lead and lead compounds. the generator output wire is recommended. If the
WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING. voltage may have dropped due to a bad connec-
1. Always be sure to check the following before the tion at generator "B" terminal and the generator
test. "B" terminal is loosened when the test ammeter is
• Generator installation connected, the connection will be completed at
• Generator drive belt tension (Refer to GROUP this time and the possibility of finding the problem
00, General <Body and Chasis> − Maintenance will be reduced.
Service − 8. Drive Belt (For Generator and Water 5. Connect a digital-type voltmeter between the
Pump, Power Steering Pump) (Check Condition) generator "B" terminal and the positive battery
P.00-46.) terminal. (Connect the positive lead of the
• Fusible link voltmeter to the "B" terminal, and then connect the
• Abnormal noise from the generator while the negative lead of the voltmeter to the positive
engine is running battery cable.)
2. Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF) 6. Reconnect the negative battery cable.
position. 7. Connect an engine tachometer or scan tool
3. Disconnect the negative battery cable. MB991958.
8. Leave the hood open.
9. Start the engine.

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16-8 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM

10.With the engine running at 2,500 r/min, turn the If a terminal is not sufficiently tight or if the
headlights and other lights on and off to adjust the harness has become discolored due to
generator load so that the value displayed on the overheating, repair and then test again.
ammeter is slightly above 30 A. 12.After the test, run the engine at idle.
Limit value: maximum 0.3 V 13.Turn off all lights and turn the ignition switch to the
NOTE: When the generator output is high and the "LOCK" (OFF) position.
value displayed on the ammeter does not NOTE: Vehicles for Canada, the headlight, tail-
decrease to 30 A, set the value to 40 A. Read the light, etc. remain lit even when the lighting switch
value displayed on the voltmeter at this time. is in "OFF" position.
In this case the limit value becomes maximum 0.4 14.Disconnect the engine tachometer or scan tool
V. MB991958.
Adjust the engine speed by gradually decreasing
15.Disconnect the negative battery cable.
it until the value displayed on the ammeter is 30
A. Take a reading of the value displayed on the 16.Disconnect the ammeter and voltmeter and
voltmeter at this time. engine tachometer.
11.If the value displayed on the voltmeter is above 17.Connect the generator output wire to the
the limit value, there is probably a malfunction in generator "B" terminal.
the generator output wire. Check the wiring 18.Connect the negative battery cable.
between the generator "B" terminal and the
positive battery terminal (including fusible link).
OUTPUT CURRENT TEST
M1161001000379

LOAD
IGNITION GENERATOR MALFUNCTION GENERATOR
SWITCH LIGHT

L
B
BRAKE WARNING LIGHT S

VOLTMETER
AMMETER
+

BATTERY

- - + + -

AKX00186AD

Required Special Tool: • MB991911: MUT-III Main Harness B

MB991958: Scan Tool (MUT-III Sub Assembly) This test determines whether the generator outputs
• MB991824: MUT-III V.C.I. normal current.
• MB991827: MUT-III USB Cable

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-9
WARNING 9. Check to be sure that the reading on the voltmeter
Battery posts, terminals and related acces- is equal to the battery positive voltage.
sories contain lead and lead compounds. NOTE: If the voltage is 0 V, the cause is probably
WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING. an open circuit in the wire or fusible link between
1. Before the test, always be sure to check the the generator "B" terminal and the battery positive
following. terminal.
• Generator installation 10.After turning the light switch on and turning on the
• Battery (Refer to GROUP 54A, Chassis Electrical headlights, start the engine.
− Battery − On-vehicle Service − Battery Check NOTE: Because the current from the battery will
P.54-5.) soon drop after the engine is started, step11
NOTE: The battery to be used should be slightly should be carried out as quickly as possible in
discharged. The load in a fully-charged battery order to obtain the maximum current output value.
will be insufficient and the test may not be able to 11.Immediately after setting the headlights to high
be carried out correctly. beam and turning the heater blower switch to the
• Generator drive belt tension (Refer to GROUP high revolution position, increase the engine
00, General <Body and Chasis> − Maintenance speed to 2,500 r/min and read the maximum
Service − 8. Drive Belt (For Generator and Water current output value displayed on the ammeter.
Pump, Power Steering Pump) (Check Condition) Limit value: 70 % of nominal current output
P.00-46.) NOTE: For the nominal current output, refer to the
• Fusible link Generator Specifications
• Abnormal noise from the generator while the
NOTE: The current output value will depend on
engine is running
the electrical load and the temperature of the gen-
2. Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF) erator body.
position.
NOTE: If the electrical load is small while testing,
3. Disconnect the negative battery cable. the specified level of current may not be output
WARNING even though the generator is normal. In such
Never use clips to connect the line. Loose cases, increase the electrical load by leaving the
connections (e.g. using clips) will lead to a headlights turned on for some time to discharge
serious accident because of high current. the battery.
4. Disconnect the generator output wire from the NOTE: The specified level of current also may not
generator "B" terminal and connect a DC test be output if the temperature of the generator body
ammeter with a range of 0 − 100 A in series or the ambient temperature is too high. In such
between the "B" terminal and the disconnected cases, cool the generator and then test again.
output wire. (Connect the positive lead of the 12.The reading on the ammeter should be above the
ammeter to the "B" terminal, and then connect the limit value. If the reading is below the limit value
negative lead of the ammeter to the disconnected and the generator output wire is normal, remove
output wire.) the generator from the engine and check the
NOTE: A clamp-type ammeter which enables generator.
measurements to be taken without disconnecting 13.Run the engine at idle speed after the test.
the generator output wire is recommended. 14.Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF)
5. Connect a voltmeter with a range of 0 − 20 V position.
between the generator "B" terminal and the 15.Disconnect the engine tachometer or scan tool
ground. (Connect the positive lead of the MB991958.
voltmeter to the "B" terminal, and then connect the 16.Disconnect the negative battery cable.
negative lead of the voltmeter to the ground.) 17.Disconnect the ammeter and voltmeter and
6. Connect the negative battery cable. engine tachometer.
7. Connect an engine tachometer or scan tool 18.Connect the generator output wire to the
MB991958. generator "B" terminal.
8. Leave the hood open. 19.Connect the negative battery cable.

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16-10 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM

REGULATED VOLTAGE TEST

M1161001100365

LOAD
IGNITION GENERATOR GENERATOR
SWITCH MALFUNCTION LIGHT

L
B
BRAKE WARNING LIGHT
S

VOLTMETER
(DIGITAL-TYPE)
AMMETER
+

BATTERY

- - + + -

AKX00187AD

Required Special Tool: 4. Connect a digital-type voltmeter between the

MB991958: Scan Tool (MUT-III Sub Assembly) generator "S" terminal and the ground. (Connect
• MB991824: V.C.I. the positive lead of the voltmeter to the "S"
• MB991827: MUT-III USB Cable terminal, and then connect the negative lead of
• MB991911: MUT-III Main Harness B the voltmeter to a secure ground or to the battery
This test determines whether the voltage regulator is negative terminal.)
correctly controlling the generator output voltage. 5. Disconnect the generator output wire from the
WARNING generator "B" terminal.
Battery posts, terminals and related acces- 6. Connect a DC test ammeter with a range of 0 −
sories contain lead and lead compounds. 100 A in series between the "B" terminal and the
WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING. disconnected output wire. (Connect the positive
1. Always be sure to check the following before the load of the ammeter to the "B" terminal, and then
test: connect the negative lead of the ammeter to the
• Generator installation disconnected output wire.)
• Check to be sure that the battery installed in the 7. Connect the negative battery cable.
vehicle is fully charged (Refer to GROUP 54A, 8. Connect an engine tachometer or the scan tool
Chassis Electrical − Battery − On-vehicle Service MB991958.
− Battery Check P.54-5.) 9. Turn the ignition switch to the "ON" position and
• Generator drive belt tension (Refer to GROUP check that the reading on the voltmeter is equal to
00, General <Body and Chasis> − Maintenance the battery positive voltage.
Service − 8. Drive Belt (For Generator and Water
NOTE: If the voltage is 0 V, the cause is probably
Pump, Power Steering Pump) (Check Condition)
an open circuit in the wire or fusible link between
P.00-46.)
the generator "S" terminal and the battery positive
• Fusible link
terminal.
• Abnormal noise from the generator while the
engine is running 10.Check to be sure that all lights and accessories
are off.
2. Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF)
position. 11.Start the engine.
3. Disconnect the negative battery cable. 12.Increase the engine speed to 2,500 r/min.

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-11
13.Read the value displayed on the voltmeter when 15.After the test, lower the engine speed to the idle
the current output by the generator becomes 10 A speed.
or less. 16.Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF)
14.If the voltage reading conforms to the value in the position.
voltage regulation table, then the voltage regulator 17.Disconnect the negative battery cable.
is operating normally. 18.Disconnect the ammeter, voltmeter and engine
If the voltage is outside the standard value, there tachometer.
is a malfunction of the voltage regulator or the 19.Connect the generator output wire to the
generator (Refer to the following table). generator "B" terminal.
20.Connect the negative battery cable.
VOLTAGE REGULATION TABLE
INSPECTION TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR STANDARD VALUE (V)
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE [°C (°F)]
Terminal "S" −20 (−4) 14.2 − 15.4
20 (68) 13.9 − 14.9
60 (140) 13.4 − 14.5
80 (176) 13.1 − 14.5

WAVE PATTERN CHECK USING AN

OSCILLOSCOPE
M1161001200180
.

MEASUREMENT METHOD
OSCILLOSCOPE Connect the oscilloscope special patterns pick-up to the gener-
GENERATOR ator "B" terminal.
PROBE

"B" TERMINAL
AKX00188AB

STANDARD WAVEFORM
Observation Conditions
FUNCTION SPECIAL PATTERNS
Pattern height Variable
Variable knob Adjust while viewing the wave
pattern
Pattern selector Raster
Engine revolutions Curb idle speed

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16-12 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM

(V)

0.4

0.2
VOLTAGE AT
GENERATOR 0
"B" TERMINAL
–0.2

–0.4

TIME

AKX00189 AB

NOTE: The voltage waveform of the generator "B" terminal can

undulate as shown at left. This waveform is produced when the
regulator operates according to fluctuations in the generator
load (current), and is normal for the generator.
If the ripple height is abnormally high (approximately 2 V or
more during idling), the wires between the generator "B" termi-
nal and the battery have broken due to fuse blowing, etc. The
generator is usually operating properly.
.

AKX00190 ABNORMAL WAVEFORMS EXAMPLES

NOTE: The size of the waveform patterns can differ greatly,
depending on the adjustment of the variable knob on the oscil-
loscope.
NOTE: Identification of abnormal waveforms is easier when
there is a large output current (regulator is not operating).
(Waveforms can be observed when the headlights are illumi-
nated.)
NOTE: Check the conditions of the generator malfunction light
(illuminated/not illuminated) also, and carry out a total check.
ABNORMAL WAVEFORMS
• Example 1
PROBABLE CAUSE: Open circuit in diode

AKX00191

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-13
• Example 2
PROBABLE CAUSE: Short-circuit in diode

AKX00192

• Example 3
PROBABLE CAUSE: Open circuit in stator coil

AKX00193

• Example 4
PROBABLE CAUSE: Short-circuit in stator coil

AKX00194

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16-14 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM

GENERATOR ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
M1161001400656

Post-installation Operation
Drive Belt Tension Adjustment [Refer to GROUP 00,
Maintenance Service − Drive Belts (Check Condition)
P.00-46].

14 N·m
124 in-lb

52 N·m 4
38 ft-lb

1 22 N·m 3
16 ft-lb

AC004506 AB

REMOVAL STEPS REMOVAL STEPS (Continued)

1. DRIVE BELT (FOR A/C) 3. DRIVE BELT (FOR GENERATOR)
2. DRIVE BELT (FOR POWER STEERING) 4. GENERATOR

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-15
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY
M1161001600081

1
4.4 ± 1.0 N·m 3
39 ± 9 in-lb

4
5
7 6

3.7 ± 0.7 N·m

33 ± 6 in-lb
2

14

13

12
10
9

11
3.7 ± 0.7 N·m
33 ± 6 in-lb

AKX00354 AB

DISASSEMBLY STEPS DISASSEMBLY STEPS

<<A>> 1. FRONT BRACKET ASSEMBLY <<C>> 8. STATOR
<<B>> 2. GENERATOR PULLEY 9. PLATE
>>B<< 3. ROTOR ASSEMBLY >>A<< 10. REGULATOR ASSEMBLY
4. REAR BEARING 11. BRUSH
5. BEARING RETAINER 12. SLINGER
6. FRONT BEARING 13. RECTIFIER
7. FRONT BRACKET 14. REAR BRACKET

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16-16 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM

DISASSEMBLY SERVICE POINTS

.

<<A>> FRONT BRACKET ASSEMBLY REMOVAL

CAUTION
Do not insert a screwdriver too deep. The stator coil will be
damaged.
Insert a flat-tipped screwdriver between the front bracket
assembly and the stator core, and pry it downward to separate
the stator and front bracket assembly.

AKX00355

<<B>> GENERATOR PULLEY REMOVAL

CAUTION
Make sure not to damage the rotor.
Set the pulley upward, clamp the rotor in a vise, and remove
the pulley.

AKX00356

<<C>> STATOR REMOVAL

CAUTION
SOLDERED
• Check that the heat from the soldering iron is not trans-
RECTIFIER mitted to the diode for a long time.
• Use care that no undue force is exerted to leads of
diodes.
1. Use a soldering iron (180 to 250 W) to unsolder the stator.
This work should complete within approximately four
seconds to prevent heat from transferring to the diode.
2. When removing the rectifier from the regulator assembly,
SOLDERED
unsolder the points soldered on the rectifier.
AKX00357AB

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-17
ASSEMBLY SERVICE POINTS
.

>>A<< REGULATOR ASSEMBLY INSTALLATION

After installing the regulator assembly, insert a wire through the
hole provided on the rear bracket while pressing down on the
brush, and secure the brush.
NOTE: By inserting a wire, the brush will be secured in place,
and the installation of the rotor will be easier.

WIRE

REAR BRACKET
BRUSH

WIRE

AKX00358 AB

>>B<< ROTOR ASSEMBLY INSTALLATION

After installing the rotor, remove the wire used to secure the
brush.

WIRE

AKX00359 AB

INSPECTION
M1161001700088
.

ROTOR CHECK
1. Check for continuity between the slip rings of the field coil. If
the resistance value is not within the standard value, replace
the rotor.
Standard value: approximately 2 − 5 Ω

AKX00360

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16-18 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM

2. Check for continuity between the slip ring and the core. If
there is continuity, replace the rotor.

AKX00361

STATOR CHECK
1. Check for continuity between the coil lead. If there is no
continuity, replace the stator.

AKX00362

2. Check for continuity between the coil and the core. If there is
continuity, replace the stator.

AKX00363

RECTIFIER CHECK
1. Check for continuity between the positive rectifier and the
stator coil lead connection terminal with a tester. If there is
continuity between the terminals, the diode is shorted, so
replace the rectifier.

AKX00364

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM
16-19
2. Check for continuity between the negative rectifier and the
stator coil lead connection terminal with a tester. If there is
continuity between the terminals, the diode is grounded, so
replace the rectifier.

AKX00365

3. Check for continuity of the three diodes by connecting an

ohmmeter to both ends of each diode. If there is continuity
between the directions, or if there is no continuity, the diode
is damaged, so replace the rectifier.

AKX00366

BRUSH CHECK
1. Replace the brush if the brush protrusion length shown in
the illustration is below the minimum limit value.
Minimum limit: 2 mm (0.08 inch)

PROTRUSION
LENGTH

AKX00367AB

2. The brush can be removed by unsoldering the brush lead

SOLDERED wire.
3. When installing a new brush, push the brush in to the brush
holder, and solder the lead wire.

AKX00368 AB

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16-20 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM

STARTING SYSTEM
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
M1162000100257
If the ignition switch is turned to the "START" posi- When the ignition switch is returned to the "ON" posi-
tion, current flows in the coil provided inside mag- tion after starting the engine, the starter clutch is dis-
netic switch, attracting the plunger. When the plunger engaged from the ring gear.
is attracted, the lever connected to the plunger is An overrunning clutch is provided between the pinion
actuated to engage the starter clutch. and the armature shaft, to prevent damage to the
On the other hand, attracting the plunger will turn on starter.
the magnetic switch, allowing the "B" terminal and
"M" terminal to conduct. Thus, current flows to
engage the starter motor.

HOLDING
COIL
PLUNGER
PULL-IN COIL
LEVER

OVERRUNNING
B CLUTCH
IGNITION
SWITCH M
PINION GEAR
S

+ ARMATURE

BATTERY

BRUSH
YOKE

AK202970 AC

OPERATION
When the ignition switch is switched to the "ST" posi-
tion while the selector lever is at the "P" or "N" range,
the contact (magnetic switch) of the starter is
switched ON and the starter motor is activated.

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM
16-21
STARTING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS
M1162000700301

TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS
The starter motor dose not operate at all.
WARNING
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories con-
tain lead and lead compounds. WASH HANDS AFTER
HANDLING.
• Check the starter (coil).
• Check for poor contact at the battery terminals and
starter.
• Check the transmission range switch.
The starter motor doesn’t stop.
• Check the starter (magnetic switch).

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
The starting system troubleshooting guide is shown in the fol-
lowing chart.
WARNING
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories con-
tain lead and lead compounds. WASH HANDS AFTER
HANDLING.

STEP 1.
Q: Is the battery in good condition? (Refer to GROUP 54A,
Chassis Electrical − Battery − On-vehicle Service −
Battery Check P.54-5.)
YES : Go to Step 2.
NO : Charge or replace the battery.

STEP 2.
• Disconnect the starter motor S (solenoid) terminal connec-
tor.
• Using a jumper wire, apply battery voltage to the starter
motor S (solenoid) terminal.
• Check the engine condition.
OK: Turns normally
Q: Does the starter motor operate normally?
YES : • Check the ignition switch. (Refer to GROUP 54A,
Chassis Electrical − Ignition Switch − Ignition
Switch Removal and Installation − Inspection
P.54-74.)
• Check the transmission range switch.(Refer to
GROUP 23A, Automatic Transmission −
On-vehicle Service − Essential Service −
Transmission Range Switch Continuity Check
P.23A-435.)
• Check the line between the battery and starter
motor S (solenoid) terminal.
NO : Go to Step 3.

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16-22 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM

STEP 3.
• Check the cable between starter B (battery) terminal and
battery positive terminal for connection and continuity.
Q: Is the starter cable in good condition?
YES : Go to Step 4.
NO : Repair or replace the cable

STEP 4.
• Check the connection and the continuity of the cable
between the starter motor body and the negative battery
terminal
Q: Is the ground line in good condition?
YES : Go to Step 5.
NO : Repair or replace the cable

STEP 5.
Q: Is the starter motor in good condition? (Refer to Starting
System − Starter Motor Assembly − Inspection P.16-17.)
YES : Excessive rotational resistance of the engine.
NO : Replace the starter motor.

ON-VEHICLE SERVICE

STARTER RELAY CHECK

M1162001400217

BATTERY TESTER CONTINUITY TEST

VOLTAGE CONNECTION RESULTS
Not applied 2−4 Open circuit
• Connect terminal 2 − 4 Less than 2 ohms
STARTER RELAY
3 to the positive
battery terminal
• Connect terminal
1 to the negative
battery terminal

4
2
2
1 3
4 3 1

AC390278AB

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM
16-23
STARTER MOTOR ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
M1162001000714

Pre-removal and Post-installation Operation

• Under Cover Removal and Installation (Refer to GROUP
42, Under Cover P.42-207).
• Actuator Assembly Removal and Installation (Refer to
GROUP 26, Differential Carrier P.26-40).

26 - 33 N·m
20 - 25 ft-lb

1
2
3

AC004507AB

REMOVAL STEPS REMOVAL STEPS (Continued)

1. STARTER COVER 3. BATTERY CABLE
2. STARTER CONNECTOR 4. STARTER ASSEMBLY

INSPECTION
M1162001100142
.

PINION GAP ADJUSTMENT

1. Disconnect the field coil wire from the M-terminal of the
SWITCH magnetic switch.
2. Connect a 12-volt battery between the S-terminal and
S M-terminal.
M
B CAUTION
This test must be performed quickly (in less than 10 sec-
BATTERY
onds) to prevent the coil from burning.
STARTER
MOTOR
WIRE 3. Set the switch to "ON", and the pinion will move out.
AKX00197 AB

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16-24 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM

4. Check the pinion-to-stopper clearance (pinion gap) with a

feeler gauge.
STOPPER
Standard value: 0.5 − 2.0 mm (0.02 − 0.07 inch)

PINION

PINION GAP AKX00198 AB

5. If the pinion gap is out of specification, adjust by adding or

removing gasket(s) between the magnetic switch and front
bracket.

AKX00199

MAGNETIC SWITCH PULL-IN TEST

1. Disconnect the field coil wire from the M-terminal of the
magnetic switch.
CAUTION
S
This test must be performed quickly (in less than 10 sec-
M
B onds) to prevent the coil from burning.
2. Connect a 12-volt battery between the S-terminal and
BATTERY
M-terminal.
STARTER
WIRE 3. If the pinion moves out, the pull-in coil is good. If it doesn't,
MOTOR
replace the magnetic switch.
AKX00200 AB

MAGNETIC SWITCH HOLD-IN TEST

1. Disconnect the field coil wire from the M-terminal of the
magnetic switch.
CAUTION
S
This test must be performed quickly (in less than 10 sec-
B M onds) to prevent the coil from burning.
2. Connect a 12-volt battery between the S-terminal and body.
BATTERY
3. Manually pull out the pinion as far as the pinion stopper
STARTER
MOTOR position.
WIRE 4. If the pinion remains out, everything is operating properly. If
AKX00201AB
the pinion moves in, the hold-in circuit is open. Replace the
magnetic switch.
.

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM
16-25
FREE RUNNING TEST
1. Place the starter motor in a vise equipped with soft jaws and
CARBON-PILE
connect a fully-charged 12-volt battery to the starter motor
RHEOSTAT
S as follows:
AMMETER
M 2. Connect a test ammeter (100-ampere scale) and carbon pile
B
rheostat in series between the positive battery terminal and
BATTERY starter motor terminal.
STARTER 3. Connect a voltmeter (15-volt scale) across the starter motor.
MOTOR VOLTMETER
4. Rotate carbon pile to full-resistance position.
5. Connect the battery cable from the negative battery terminal
AKX00202 AB
to the starter motor body.
6. Adjust the rheostat until the battery positive voltage shown
by the voltmeter is 11 V.
7. Confirm that the maximum amperage is within the
specifications and that the starter motor turns smoothly and
freely.
Current: maximum 90 Amps
.

MAGNETIC SWITCH RETURN TEST

1. Disconnect the field coil wire from the M-terminal of the
magnetic switch.

S
CAUTION
This test must be performed quickly (in less than 10 sec-
B M onds) to prevent the coil from burning.
2. Connect a 12-volt battery between the M-terminal and body.
BATTERY
STARTER WARNING
MOTOR
WIRE
Be careful not to get your fingers caught when pulling
AKX00203AB
out the pinion.
3. Pull the pinion out and release. If the pinion quickly returns
to its original position, everything is operating properly. If it
doesn't, replace the magnetic switch.

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16-26 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

M1162001200097

12
15 13
10
11
14
2 20

5.8 ± 1.6 N·m

52 ± 14 in-lb 19
5.8 ± 1.6 N·m
18 52 ± 14 in-lb
3.4 ± 1.0 N·m
1 17 30 ± 9 in-lb
4
16
3

21

7 5
9

8
AK101266AB

DISASSEMBLY STEPS DISASSEMBLY STEPS

1. SCREW 12. PACKING B
2. MAGNETIC SWITCH 13. PLATE
3. SCREW 14. PLANETARY GEAR
4. SCREW 15. LEVER
5. REAR BRACKET <<B>> >>A<< 16. SNAP RING
6. BRUSH HOLDER ASSEMBLY <<B>> >>A<< 17. STOP RING
7. REAR BEARING 18. OVERRUNNING CLUTCH
<<A>> 8. ARMATURE 19. INTERNAL GEAR
9. YOKE ASSEMBLY 20. PLANETARY GEAR HOLDER
<<A>> 10. BALL 21. FRONT BRACKET
11. PACKING A

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM
16-27
DISASSEMBLY SERVICE POINTS
.

<<A>> ARMATURE AND BALL REMOVAL

CAUTION
When removing the armature, take care not to lose the ball
SOCKET (which is used as a bearing) in the armature end.

STOP RING
PINION GEAR

OVERRUNNING
CLUTCH

AKX00370 AB

<<B>> SNAP RING AND STOP RING REMOVAL

SNAP-RING 1. Press a long socket wrench of appropriate size to the stop
SNAP RING PLIERS ring. Then tap the socket wrench to remove the stop ring to
the pinion gear side.
PINION GEAR 2. After removing the snap ring (by using snap-ring pliers),
OVERRUNNING remove the stop ring and the overrunning clutch.
CLUTCH

AKX00371AB

STARTER MOTOR PART CLEANING

1. Do not immerse parts in cleaning solvent. Immersing the
yoke and field coil assembly and/or armature will damage
insulation. Wipe these parts with a shop towel only.
2. Do not immerse the drive unit in cleaning solvent.
Overrunning clutch is pre-lubricated at the factory and
solvent will wash lubrication from the clutch.
3. The drive unit may be cleaned with a brush moistened with
cleaning solvent and wiped dry with a shop towel.
ASSEMBLY SERVICE POINT
.

>>A<< STOP RING AND SNAP RING INSTALLATION

Using a suitable pulling tool, pull the overrunning clutch stop
ring over the snap ring.

STOP
RING
OVERRUNNING
STOP RING CLUTCH

SNAP RING
AKX00372 AB

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16-28 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM

INSPECTION
M1162001300061
.

COMMUTATOR CHECK
1. Place the armature on a pair of V-blocks, and check the
deflection by using a dial gauge.
Standard value: 0.05 mm (0.002 inch)
Limit: 0.1 mm (0.004 inch)

AKX00373

2. Check the outer diameter of the commutator.

Standard value: 29.4 mm (1.16 inches)
Minimum limit: 28.8 mm (1.13 inches)

AKX00374

UNDERCUT 3. Check the depth of the undercut between segments.

SEGMENT
Standard value: 0.5 mm (0.02 inch)
Minimum limit: 0.2 mm (0.008 inch)
MICA

AKX00375 AB

BRUSH CHECK
1. Check the brush for roughness of the surface that contacts
the commutator and check the brush length.Replace the
brush holder if this measurement exceeds the limit.
Minimum limit: 7.0 mm (0.28 inch)

LIMIT LENGTH
2. .In the case contacting surface has been corrected or the
brush has been replaced, correct the contacting surface by
winding sandpaper around the commutator

AK101390 AB

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
STARTING SYSTEM
16-29
OVERRUNNING CLUTCH CHECK
1. While holding the clutch housing, rotate the pinion. The drive
pinion should rotate smoothly in one direction, but should
not rotate in opposite direction. If the clutch does not
function properly, replace the overrunning clutch assembly.
FREE 2. Inspect the pinion for wear or burrs. If the pinion is worn or
burred, replace the overrunning clutch assembly. If the
pinion is damaged, also inspect the ring gear for wear or
LOCK
burrs.

AKX00378 AB

FRONT AND REAR BRACKET BUSHING CHECK

Inspect the bushing for wear or burrs. If the bushing is worn or
burred, replace the front bracket assembly or rear bracket
assembly.
.

ARMATURE CHECK
1. Check that the armature coil is not grounded.
GROWLER
2. Place the armature in a growler.
3. Hold a thin steel blade parallel and just above while rotating
the armature slowly in the growler. A shorted armature will
cause a blade to vibrate and be attracted to the core.
Replace the shorted armature.

AKX00379 AB

4. Check the insulation between the armature coil cores and

the commutator segments. They are normal if there is no
continuity.

AKX00380

5. Check for continuity between the segments. The condition is

normal if there is continuity.

AKX00381

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16-30 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM

IGNITION SYSTEM
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
M1163000100302
This system is provided with three ignition coils (A, B The powertrain control module (PCM) controls the
and C) and three ignition power transistors (A, B and three ignition power transistors (A, B and C) to turn
C) for the number 1 and number 4 cylinders, number them alternately ON and OFF. This causes the pri-
2 and number 5 cylinders and number 3 and number mary currents in the ignition coils (A, B and C) to be
6 cylinders, respectively. alternately interrupted and allowed to flow to fire the
Interruption of the primary current flowing in the pri- cylinders in the order 1-2-3-4-5-6.
mary side of ignition coil A generates a high voltage The PCM determines which ignition coil should be
in the secondary side of ignition coil A. controlled by means of the signals from the camshaft
The high voltage thus generated is applied to the position sensor which is incorporated in the camshaft
spark plugs of number 1 and number 4 cylinders to and from the crankshaft position sensor which is
generate sparks. At the time that the sparks are gen- incorporated in the crankshaft.
erated at both spark plugs, if one cylinder is at the It also detects the crankshaft position to provide igni-
compression stroke, the other cylinder is at the tion at the most appropriate timing in response to the
exhaust stroke, so that ignition of the compressed engine operation conditions.
air/fuel mixture occurs only for the cylinder which is When the engine is cold or operated at high alti-
at the compression stroke. tudes, the ignition timing is slightly advanced to pro-
In the same way, when the primary current flowing in vide optimum performance.
ignition coil B is interrupted, the high voltage thus
generated is applied to the spark plugs of number 2
and number 5 cylinders, and when the primary cur-
rent flowing in ignition coil C is interrupted, the high
voltage thus generated is applied to the spark plugs
of number 3 and number 6 cylinders.

IGNITION POWER
TRANSISTOR UNIT
VOLUME AIRFLOW SENSOR
A
INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE IGNITION COIL
SENSOR B
CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR PCM
C B A
CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
TRANSMISSION RANGE SWITCH C

IGNITION SWITCH-ST
KNOCK SENSOR

SPARK PLUGS

CYLINDER NO. 6 3 5 2 4 1

AK301846AB

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM
16-31
SPECIAL TOOLS
M1163000600307

TOOL TOOL NUMBER AND SUPERSESSION APPLICATION

NAME
MB991348 MB991348-01 Inspection of ignition
Test harness set primary voltage (ignition
power transistor
connection)
MB991348

ON-VEHICLE SERVICE

SPARK PLUG CABLE TEST

M1163000900096

WARNING
Wear rubber gloves while performing this test.
1. Disconnect, one at a time, each of the spark plug cables
while the engine is idling to check whether the engine's
running performance changes or not.
2. If the engine performance does not change, check the
resistance of the spark plug cable, and check the spark plug
itself.
SPARK PLUG CABLE

AKX00431AB

SPARK PLUG TEST

M1163001500109
1. Remove the spark plug and connect to the spark plug cable.

SPARK PLUG

AKX00432 AB

2. Ground the spark plug outer electrode (body), and crank the
DEFECTIVE INSULATION engine.
DEFECTIVE
INSULATION Check that there is an electrical discharge between the
electrodes at this time.

DEFECTIVE INSULATION GOOD

AKX00277 AB

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16-32 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM

IGNITION COIL CHECK

M1163001200335
1. Measurement of the primary coil resistance
Measure the resistance between each ignition coil terminal.
Standard value:0.74 − 0.90 Ω

AKX00272

2. Measurement of the secondary coil resistance

Measure the resistance between each ignition coil
high-voltage terminal.
Measurement points
• Number 3 and Number 6 cylinder side coil... A coil
C • Number 1 and Number 4 cylinder side coil... B coil
B • Number 2 and Number 5 cylinder side coil... C coil
A Standard value: 20.1 − 27.3 kΩ
AKX00273 AB

IGNITION POWER TRANSISTOR CONTINUITY

CHECK
M1163001300138

+ - NOTE: An analog-type ohmmeter should be used.

1.5 V As described in the chart below, perform a continuity check on
the ignition power transistor.
Number 1 and Number 4 cylinder side coil
- + 11 12 13 1 2 34 5 6 1.5 V POWER SUPPLY CONTINUITY BETWEEN
BETWEEN 3 − 4 4 − 13
Current flowing Yes
Current not flowing No
AKX00274 AB

+ -
Number 2 and Number 5 cylinder side coil
1.5 V 1.5 V POWER SUPPLY CONTINUITY BETWEEN
BETWEEN 2 − 4 4 − 12
Current flowing Yes
- + 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6
Current not flowing No

AKX00275 AB

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM
16-33
+ - Number 3 and Number 6 cylinder side coil
1.5 V
1.5 V POWER SUPPLY CONTINUITY BETWEEN
BETWEEN 1 − 4 4 − 11
Current flowing Yes
- + 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6
Current not flowing No

Replace the ignition power transistor if there is a malfunction.

AKX00276 AB

SPARK PLUG CABLE RESISTANCE CHECK

M1163001400083
Measure the resistance of the all spark plug leads.
1. Check the cap and coating for cracks.
2. Measure the resistance.
Limit: 19 kΩ

AKX00382

SPARK PLUG CHECK AND CLEANING

M1163004300115

CAUTION
• Do not attempt to adjust the gap of the iridium plug.
• Cleaning of the iridium plug may result in damage to
the iridium and platinum tips. Therefore, if carbon
deposits must be removed, use a plug cleaner and
complete cleaning within 20 seconds to protect the
electrode. Do not use a wire brush.
IRIDIUM
TIP Check the plug gap and replace if the limit is exceeded.
Standard value: 1.0 − 1.1 mm (0.039 − 0.043 inch)
PLATINUM Limit: 1.3 mm (0.051 inch)
TIP AKX01327AB

CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR CHECK

M1163004400253
Refer to GROUP 13A, Multiport Fuel Injection (MFI) − Multiport
Fuel Injection (MFI) Diagnosis − Diagnostic Trouble Code Pro-
cedures − DTC P0340 : Camshaft Position Sensor Circuit
P.13A-468.

CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR CHECK

M1163004500313
Refer to GROUP 13A, Multiport Fuel Injection (MFI) − Multiport
Fuel Injection (MFI) Diagnosis − Diagnostic Trouble Code Pro-
cedures − DTC P0335 : Crankshaft Position Sensor Circuit
P.13A-452.

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16-34 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM

IGNITION SECONDARY VOLTAGE WAVE

PATTERN CHECK USING AN OSCILLOSCOPE
M1163001700222
.

MEASUREMENT METHOD
1. Clamp the spark plug cable (Number 1, 3 or 5) with the
secondary pickup.
NOTE: Because of the two-cylinder simultaneous ignition
system, the waves for two cylinders in each group appear
during wave observation. However, wave observation is car-
ried out for the cylinder (Number 1, 3 or 5) with the spark
plug cable which has been clamped by the secondary
pickup.
NOTE: Identification of which cylinder wave pattern is dis-
played can be difficult, but the wave pattern of the cylinder
which is clamped by the secondary pickup will be stable, so
this can be used as a reference for identification.
2. Clamp the spark plug cable (Number 1, 3 or 5) with the
trigger pickup.
NOTE: Clamp the same spark plug cable as the one which
has been clamped by the secondary pickup.
.

STANDARD WAVEPATTERN
Observation Conditions
FUNCTION SECONDARY
Pattern height High (or low)
Pattern selector Raster
Engine revolutions Curb idle speed

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM
16-35

SPARK LINE (POINT A)

kV

IGNITION VOLTAGE
(POINT D)

SECONDARY
IGNITION
VOLTAGE
WAVE PATTERN WAVE DAMPING REDUCTION SECTION (POINT B)

DWELL SECTION

POINT C

TIME

AKX00278 AB

Observation Conditions (Only pattern selector below

changes from the above conditions.)
Pattern selector Display

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16-36 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM

kV

NO.1 CYLINDER NO.3 CYLINDER NO.4 CYLINDER NO.6 CYLINDER

SECONDARY IGNITION NOISE (WAVE PATTERN IGNITION NOISE
IGNITION NO.2 CYLINDER IS DISTURBED)
VOLTAGE IGNITION NOISE NO.5 CYLINDER
WAVE PATTERN IGNITION NOISE

0 NEUTRAL
SECTION

TIME

AKX00279 AB
.

WAVEFORM OBSERVATION POINTS

Point A:
The height, length and slope of the spark line (refer to
abnormal waveform examples 1, 2, 3 and 4) show the fol-
lowing trends.
SPARK LINE PLUG GAP STATUS OF COMPRESSION CONCENTRATION IGNITION SPARK PLUG
ELECTRODES FORCE OF AIR MIXTURE TIMING CABLE

Length Long Small Normal Low Rich Advanced Leak

Length Short Large Large wear High Lean Retarded High
resistance
Height High Large Large wear High Lean Retarded High
resistance
Height Low Small Normal Low Rich Advanced Leak
Slope Large Plug is fouled − − − −

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM
16-37
Point B:
Number of vibrations in reduction vibration section (Refer to
Abnormal Waveform Example 5)
NUMBER OF VIBRATIONS COIL AND CAPACITOR
Three or more Normal
Except above Abnormal

Point C:
Number of vibrations at beginning of dwell section (Refer to
Abnormal Waveform Example 5)
NUMBER OF VIBRATIONS COIL
5 − 6 or higher Normal
Except above Abnormal

Point D:
Ignition voltage height (distribution per each cylinder) shows
the following trends.
IGNITION PLUG GAP CONDITION COMPRESSION CONCENTRATION IGNITION TIMING SPARK PLUG
VOLTAGE OF FORCE OF AIR MIXTURE CABLE
ELECTRODE

High Large Large wear High Lean Retarded High resistance

Low Small Normal Low Rich Advanced Leak
.

ABNORMAL WAVEFORMS EXAMPLES

Example 1
• Wave characteristics
Spark line is high and short.
• Cause of problem
Spark plug gap is too large.

AKX00280

Example 2
• Wave characteristics
Spark line is low and long, and is sloping.
Also, the second half of the spark line is distorted. This
could be a result of misfiring.
• Cause of problem
Spark plug gap is too small.

AKX00281

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16-38 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM

Example 3
• Wave characteristics
Spark line is low and long, and is sloping. However,
there is almost no spark line distortion.
• Cause of problem
Spark plug gap is fouled.

AKX00282

Example 4
• Wave characteristics
Spark line is high and short.
Difficult to distinguish between this and abnormal wave
pattern example 1.
• Cause of problem
Spark plug cable is not properly connected. (Causing a
dual ignition)

AKX00283

Example 5
• Wave characteristics
No waves in wave damping section
• Cause of problem
Layer short in ignition coil.

AKX00284

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM
16-39
IGNITION PRIMARY VOLTAGE WAVE PATTERN
CHECK USING AN OSCILLOSCOPE
M1163004600105
.

MEASUREMENT METHOD
Required Special Tool:
MB991348: Test Harness Set
1. Disconnect the ignition power transistor connector and
connect the test harness set of the special tool (MB991348)
in between. All terminals should be connected.
2. When observing the number 1 − 4 cylinder group, connect
OSCILLOSCOPE
the primary pickup of the oscilloscope probe to ignition
power transistor side connector terminal (13).
1112 13 For the number 2 − 5 cylinder group, connect to terminal
(12) and for the number 3 − 6 cylinder group, connect to
terminal (11).
3. Ground the primary pickup ground terminal.
PRIMARY
PICKUP 4. Clamp the spark plug cable with the trigger pickup.
NOTE: Clamp the spark plug cable of cylinder number 1, 3
AKX00285 AB
or 5 which belongs to the same group as the cylinder to
which the primary pickup is connected.
NOTE: The wave pattern of any cylinder in the same group
appears from the left side of the screen.
.

STANDARD WAVE PATTERN

Observation conditions
FUNCTION SECONDARY
Pattern height High (or low)
Pattern selector Raster
Engine speed Curb idle speed

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16-40 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM

(V)
ZENER
VOLTAGE
(POINT C)

SPARK LINE
(POINT A)
100
(APPROXIMATELY
40 × 10 V)

WAVE DAMEPING REDUCTION

SECTION (POINT B)

DWELL SECTION
PRIMARY
VOLTAGE
WAVE PATTERN
TIME
0

AKX00286 AB

Observation conditions (Only pattern selector below

changes from the above conditions.)
Pattern selector Display

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM
16-41

NO.2 (OR NO.5)

CYLINDER
IGNITION NOISE

NO.1 (OR NO.4) NO.4 (OR NO.1) NO.6 (OR NO.3)

CYLINDER NO.3 (OR NO.6) CYLINDER CYLINDER
CYLINDER NO.5 (OR NO.2) IGNITION NOISE
IGNITION NOISE CYLINDER
IGNITION NOISE

NEUTRAL
SECTION

PRIMARY
IGNITION VOLTAGE
WAVE PATTERN
TIME

AKX00287 AB

WAVEFORM OBSERVATION POINTS

Point A:
The height, length and slope of the spark line (refer to
abnormal waveform examples 1, 2, 3 and 4) show the fol-
lowing trends.
SPARK LINE PLUG GAP CONDITION COMPRESSION CONCENTRATION IGNITION SPARK PLUG
OF FORCE OF AIR MIXTURE TIMING CABLE
ELECTRODE

Length Long Small Normal Low Rich Advanced Leak

Length Short Large Large wear High Lean Retarded High
resistance
Height High Large Large wear High Lean Retarded High
resistance
Height Low Small Normal Low Rich Advanced Leak
Slope Large Plug is − − − −
fouled

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16-42 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM

Point B:
Number of vibration in reduction vibration section
(Refer to Abnormal Waveform Example 5)
NUMBER OF VIBRATIONS COIL, CAPACITOR
3 or higher Except above
Normal Abnormal

Point C:
Height of Zener voltage
HEIGHT OF ZENER PROBABLE CAUSE
VOLTAGE
High Problem in zener diode
Low Abnormal resistance in
primary coil circuit
.

ABNORMAL WAVEFORMS EXAMPLES

Example 1
• Wave characteristics
Spark line is high and short.
• Cause of problem
Spark plug gap is too large.

AKX00288

Example 2
• Wave characteristics
Spark line is low and long, and is sloping.
Also, the second half of the spark line is distorted. This
could be a result of misfiring.
• Cause of problem
Spark plug gap is too small.

AKX00289

Example 3
• Wave characteristics
Spark line is low and long, and is sloping. However,
there is almost no spark line distortion.
• Cause of problem
Spark plug gap is fouled.

AKX00290

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM
16-43
Example 4
• Wave characteristics
Spark line is high and short
• Cause of problem
Spark plug cable is not properly connected. (Causing a
dual ignition)

AKX00291

Example 5
• Wave characteristics
No waves in wave damping section
• Cause of problem
Layer short in ignition coil.

AKX00292

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16-44 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
IGNITION SYSTEM

CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR AND CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
M1163002500094

Pre-removal and Post-installation Operation

Timing Belt Cover Removal and Installation (Refer to
GROUP 11A, Timing Belt P.11A-34).

10 - 11 N·m
89 - 97 in-lb

8.8 N·m
78 in-lb
AC004508 AB

REMOVAL STEPS REMOVAL STEPS (Continued)

1. CLIP 2. CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
3. CRANKSHAFT POSITION
SENSOR

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 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
SPECIFICATIONS
16-45
SPECIFICATIONS
FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS
M1161002100454

ITEM SPECIFICATION
Charging system
Generator bolt 22 N⋅m (16 ft-lb)
Generator bolt 52 N⋅m (38 ft-lb)
Generator connector nut 14 N⋅m (124 in-lb)
Starting system
Starter motor bolt 26 − 33 N⋅m (20 − 25 ft-lb)
Ignition system
Camshaft position sensor and crankshaft position sensor bolt 8.8 N⋅m (78 in-lb)
Sensor connector bolt 10 − 11 N⋅m (89 − 97 in-lb)

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
M1161000200295

ITEM SPECIFICATION
Generator
Type Positive battery positive voltage sensing
Identification number A3TA0791A
Part No. MD350608
Rated output V/A 12/85
Voltage regulator Electronic built-in type
Starter motor
Type Reduction drive with planetary gear
Identification number M0T20472
Part No. MN176584
Rated output kW/V 1.3/12
Voltage regulator 8
Ignition coil
Type Molded 3-coil
Spark plugs
DENSO SK16PR-A11

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16-46 ENGINE ELECTRICAL
SPECIFICATIONS

SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS
M1161000300344

ITEM STANDARD VALUE LIMIT

Generator
Regulated voltage −20°C (−4°F) 14.2 − 15.4 −
(Ambient temperature at voltage
20°C (68°F) 13.9 − 14.9 −
regulator)
60°C (140°F) 13.4 − 14.6 −
80°C (176°F) 13.1 − 14.5 −
Generator output line voltage drop (at 30A) V − Maximum 0.3
Output current − 70% of normal output
current
Field coil resistance Ω Approximately 2 − 5 −
Brush protrusion length mm (in) − 2 (0.08)
Starter motor
Free running characteristics Terminal voltage 11 −
V
Current A 90 −
Speed r/min 2,000 or more −
Pinion gap mm (in) 0.5 − 2.0 (0.02 − 0.07) −
Commutator run-out mm (in) 0.05 (0.002) 0.1 (0.004)
Commutator diameter mm (in) 29.4 (1.16) Minimum 28.8 (1.13)
Undercut depth mm (in) 0.5 (0.02) −
Ignition parts
Ignition primary coil resistance at 20°C (68°F) Ω 0.74 − 0.90 −
Ignition secondary coil resistance at 20°C (68°F) kΩ 20.1 − 27.3 −
Spark plug gap mm (in) 1.0 − 1.1 (0.039 − 0.043) 1.3 (0.051)
Resistor wire resistance kΩ − Maximum 19

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