Exp. 4 Manual

EEE/INSTR F342 Power Electronics – Lab Manual
Manual for Exp. No.: 4

STUDY OF STEP-DOWN CONVERTER
Name: _______________________________________ ID No. : _________________________
Sec. No: _________________ Batch No. : _________ Date : _________________________
1. Objectives:
a. To study the Step-Down Converter with R load.
b. To analyze the waveforms obtained from Step-Down Converter circuit.
2. EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
a. Oscilloscope & Digital Multimeter
b. BNC to Test Probe
c. ST2724 Step-Down Converter and power supply.
d. Patch Cords
3. Theory:
The buck converter, also referred to as a step-down converter, is a popular topology in power electronics that
converts a higher input voltage to a lower output voltage. It is crucial in various applications, from portable devices to
automotive systems, where specific components or subsystems require a lower voltage level to operate. The primary
advantage of the buck converter is its simplicity, which enables efficient voltage conversion using a relatively small
number of components. The operating principle of the buck converter involves controlled energy transfer from the
input to the output through switches, an inductor, and a capacitor. When the high-side switch of a buck converter is
switched on, it allows current to flow through the inductor, which stores energy in its magnetic field. This stored energy
is then transferred to the output, charging the output capacitor and powering the load. When the high-side switch is
turned off and the low-side switch is turned on, the inductor's magnetic field collapses, releasing the stored energy and
maintaining the current flow to the load. The buck converter is designed to operate within a closed-loop control system,
where a feedback mechanism continuously compares the output voltage to a reference voltage to ensure that the output
voltage remains stable and regulated, regardless of changes in input voltage or load conditions.
Theoretical Output voltage:
𝑉0 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 × 𝐷
Where, 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = Input voltage; D = Duty ratio
4. CONTROL UNIT:
LCD display 2 line x 16 characters LCD display to display the parameters.

KEY BOARD
FRQ/DCY Key to select the variable parameter –Frequency/Duty cycle
INC Key to increment the selected parameter value
DEC Key to decrement the selected parameter value.
RUN/STOP Key to RUN/STOP the chopper with soft start feature.
DRIVER OUTPUT Driver output terminals to be connected to Gate & Source of MOSFET.
Page |1
EEE/INSTR F342 Power Electronics – Lab Manual
Fig. 4.1 Basic Circuit Diagram of the Step-Down Converter
5. PROCEDURE:
1. Switch ON the mains to the control circuit and observe the driver output by varying the frequency and duty
cycle using INC and DEC keys.
2. Make the Connections are made as shown in the Circuit diagram.
3. Then connect the driver Output to gate and source of POWER MOSFET.
4. Connect R-Load of 100W Resistor provided in the unit.
5. Switch on control signals and set at 2000Hz frequency and duty cycle 50%.
6. Apply driver output Pulses to the POWER MOSFET and observe load voltage by varying the Duty cycle using
INC and DEC keys.
7. Note down the voltage across the load, POWER MOSFET and inductor.
8. Change the duty ratio and repeat the experiment.
Calculations: Switching Frequency: 𝑓𝑠 = 1⁄{𝑇_𝑜𝑛 + 𝑇_𝑜𝑓𝑓}
Average Inductor Current at boundary of continuous mode: Max. average Inductor Current:
𝐷𝑇𝑠 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑠
𝐼𝐿𝐵 = × (𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝑉0 ) 𝐼𝐿𝐵_𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝐿 8𝐿
Corner frequency of Low Pass Filter: Average Load Current:
1 𝑉0
𝑓𝑐 = 𝐼0 =
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 𝑅
Ripple Output Voltage: Power absorbed by the load:
𝜋2 𝑓𝑐 2 𝑉02
∆𝑉0 = 𝑉0 × × (1 − 𝐷) × ( ) 𝑃=
2 𝑓𝑠 𝑅
6. Graphs:
Draw the graphs of PWM Signal (Gs), Pulsating Output voltage (v0P), Voltage across MOSFET (vF), Inductor
voltage (vL) and load current (io) for Vin = 30 V and D = 70%. Show the Peak values of each waveforms in the graph.
Acronyms: Vo = Output Voltage [Observed from DSO], Ts = 1/fs = Switching Time;

L & C = Inductor and Capacitor Values used, R= Resistance of the load.
Page |2

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EEE/INSTR F342 Power Electronics – Lab Manual

Manual for Exp. No.: 4

Name: _______________ ID No. : _

Sec. No: _____________ Batch No. : _ Date : _____________________

LCD display 2 line x 16 characters LCD display to display the parameters.

Fig. 4.1 Basic Circuit Diagram of the Step-Down Converter

Calculations: Switching Frequency: 𝑓𝑠 = 1⁄{𝑇_𝑜𝑛 + 𝑇_𝑜𝑓𝑓}

Acronyms: Vo = Output Voltage [Observed from DSO], Ts = 1/fs = Switching Time;

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