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    The document describes methods for solving systems of linear equations using elementary row operations (ERO) including row reduction to echelon form. ERO include swapping rows, multiplying rows by non-zero scalars, and adding scalar multiples of rows to other rows. Row rank of a matrix is equal to the column rank. The column space of the reduced row echelon form matrix forms a basis for the column space of the original matrix.

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    The document describes methods for solving systems of linear equations using elementary row operations (ERO) including row reduction to echelon form. ERO include swapping rows, multiplying rows by non-zero scalars, and adding scalar multiples of rows to other rows. Row rank of a matrix is equal to the column rank. The column space of the reduced row echelon form matrix forms a basis for the column space of the original matrix.

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    The document describes methods for solving systems of linear equations using elementary row operations (ERO) including row reduction to echelon form. ERO include swapping rows, multiplying rows by non-zero scalars, and adding scalar multiples of rows to other rows. Row rank of a matrix is equal to the column rank. The column space of the reduced row echelon form matrix forms a basis for the column space of the original matrix.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views8 pages

    Assign 2

    Uploaded by

    ishma5.edu
    The document describes methods for solving systems of linear equations using elementary row operations (ERO) including row reduction to echelon form. ERO include swapping rows, multiplying rows by non-zero scalars, and adding scalar multiples of rows to other rows. Row rank of a matrix is equal to the column rank. The column space of the reduced row echelon form matrix forms a basis for the column space of the original matrix.

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    of 8

    k.

    ISHMAEl
    Asignnent2 Sc23 Mo33
    AERos pArE
    ( 0 Descibe the method ot tinding lution of lireal
    systemu o equations Az-b using the to0-ecluct,
    of opryirng ERob (Etlemanay Rao
    The pares veducedJ
    -tansfotrm a matie into
    Opeetinto
    called "o-Teduction
    Sow echelon foirn s
    faus- Jordlan elinintton,
    Coomonly sejesedas
    Elementaxy Roo opetions:
    an ERo kis
    Given a tneaz system,o} equattons,
    Hhree kinds.
    opea-ton o ooe of the folong
    eguat ond of row) may k
    @Ondeing tun
    BuaPped,
    mutplied by a Don gero scaaY
    may be
    hoadded to
    0A muHit ple o ore oquatton might
    djesent esuato,
    ANotation:
    denote ERO
    uohich ma Hipies rooiby
    ) ol /2) dorole tRo
    denote tRo ohich ados
    Ar i
    imes oo ito o
    RRE.
    -to be
    form, it
    fiast nonze40
    A Coumn fhat Contalns such
    sthes eties ae Beso
    loadtng , all
    nen zero

    vight ot the lencdings o soio obove t


    any gei0 appea belouo the nor georo
    RRF
    Salaing Systens
    let alb) be male in PRE foin othch epTees
    a
    linea? aystern tx=b oof meguatons in voiebe,
    Then
    has no &olrtiens i andiony it the
    last nono
    ol)
    he denity
    -he nonzeo
    matiz. Io (posible coly } m), , (alb)
    has innetty many solehons
    o A and evey
    not
    hon3eo
    a leàding 1, he set
    Colum of A Contans
    &olutioas anbe descai bet ioh k parameteg P
    Sho that Roo ank o roatriz is cque o he
    Calumn Tank
    tonlt ol a roahi
    columns.
    ket A be a matiz uoth mtows and n

    and
    Colurm
    Row Rank A
    Nozimurn 'rnam be lineay hdopondet
    ( dimension o noo pae)

    coluimin Rask A :
    indgondor Colmns
    Naninumnumbe of treaslys
    (dimensom colurnn apa)
    ( matia
    os echelan fome
    Let Rhe the veducd

    often alying ERda .


    -Then -the on zeo jouws of R lam bas fo
    Cpace of R 'and iolumns o e oith
    ith leadina
    basis

    (a)= colron fank(e)


    Colamn kank
    Rous Rank()-(olumn Rark(a) 'Rant (à)
    Linear

    et yecto and yefm the ectr aqushon

    eguatn has atleast


    -Ths
    C0, alledtaiviaJ solaton
    -This souton is
    the arly kolutonto this
    fhe taivial solutonis
    cale
    vectos Io set s
    eguatan then the
    andaet, i alld the ineaty
    lineaay ndependent
    independrt st. Vecto 'h
    then the ve
    angthes tdurio
    ’ 1 these 's an d set 's
    are Calle d
    set s
    binsaly dpendant set
    Calle d beljeen the coluron pace of a d'
    B shoothe relatop sdor
    oitong of
    irali ond
    An=by.
    wohese AeR
    Solutien exists
    be coumn spae(a) Combinaton ot
    wsittenaas lineag
    i.e b
    b Can be

    Aet an

    Columns Vectes e A
    ohe a a, nd Ic k

    A. a., a2 an|

    b ¬ colunn spuce (4)


    te uncsn shraine hacima and
    6 Deive Conditon
    - . Note hai x is a
    mfnirma al a funeton
    nrdimen[i o9al ve ctef,
    opstiroigaton seloas to paoban of
    Uheomstrained fancton uotod
    nurn
    mimunm eRoR minimum e a
    on Value of vesiabe
    Conskaints
    vectoi 6tems:
    8y
    ()
    Avectes ysten mvaves muiple Vari ahles.
    Let f) be a ve ctef fureton wheie

    [x
    ’ Necesey comditon Vf)

    >suffieient condton:

    has inimum at
    positie, then )
    Values ane
    that polnt. alleiyen
    anmgetie defnite ha,
    } r(Dis maocimu
    thenf ) has
    Values are nguthe
    at that point.
    } has both positve md negetve ean voie
    then uncton may have maxi mun, nini mum

    } H4) ndelinite f() nay heve natimum,


    minimum, sadele pot maybel k deteiminel.
    ditons ot Constained rnaximaand
    Deiive the Con
    f() witth Constrairts gl .
    minima a tunto
    a n-dimeniomal vecte.
    Note the z s

    Necesa Conditory:
    =0

    A
    Suicient Conditon

    point
    ncgatre de jnte ’ maxima t that poit,

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