Bo de Du Doan PTE Thang 12

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A. Speaking 33
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Read Aloud 33
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1. Bill (Shadowing) 33
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2. Agricultural Problems (Shadowing) 33
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3. Innovative Product (Shadowing) 33
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4. Urban Forests (Shadowing) 33
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5. Root Network (Shadowing) 33
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6. Child Psychology (Shadowing) 33
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7. Political Problems (Shadowing) 33
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8. Statistics (Shadowing) 34
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9. William Shakespeare (Shadowing) 34
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10. Rates of Depression (Shadowing) 34
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11. Tutor (Shadowing) 34
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12. Attendance (Shadowing) 34
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13. Enough Fluid 34
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14. Single Research 34
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15. Tortoise 35
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16. Department Stores 35
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17. Attendance to Theater 35
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18. Norms and Values 35
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19. Expression 35
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20. Learner Experience 35
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21. Natural Environment 35
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22. Emigrants 35
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23. Humanities 36
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24. New Textbook 36
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25. Volcano Behaviors 36
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26. Hybrid Rice 36
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27. Motivation to Fight 36
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28. Baby Hearing 36
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29. Stroke Risk 36
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30. Abortions 37
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31. Vitamin and Death 37
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32. Pollution Reduction 37
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33. Video Games 37
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34. Flood Control 37
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35. Window in Painting 37
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36. Circumcision 37
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36. Circumcision 37
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37. Psychology 37
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38. Brain Efficiency 38
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39. Climate Effects 38
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40. Gut Microbiome 38
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41. Immune Vigilance 38
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42. Nikola Tesla 38
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43. Book Structure 38
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44. Major Conclusion 38
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45. University Terms 39
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46. Eagles 39
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47. Sociological Thought 39
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48. Central Aim 39
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49. Manchester (Incomplete) 39
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50. Roman Army (Shadowing) 39
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51. Personal Libraries (Shadowing) 39
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52. Behavioral Science (Shadowing) 39
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53. Undergraduates Education 40
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54. Globalization (Shadowing) 40
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55. Summerhill School (Shadowing) 40
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56. Paraphrasing (Incomplete) 40
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57. Night Sky (Shadowing) 40
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58. Language Diversity (Shadowing) 40
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59. Statistical Chance (Shadowing) 41
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60. Spanish and French (Incomplete) 41
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61. Universities of Europe 41
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62. Student Loan 41
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63. Passion 41
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64. Ed Tech (B) (Incomplete) 41
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65. Wellness 41
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66. Biopedturbation 41
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67. Recurring Dream 42
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68. TV Advertising 42
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69. Economic Depression (Shadowing) 42
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70. Selective History (Shadowing) 42
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71. Wolf (Shadowing) 42
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72. Matthew Brady (Shadowing) 42
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73. Faster Communications (Shadowing) 42
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73. Faster Communications (Shadowing) 42
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74. Source of Funding (Shadowing) 43
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75. Credit Cards (Incomplete) 43
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76. Sandra Lousada (Incomplete) 43
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77. Interdisciplinary Studies (Incomplete) 43
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78. Natural Networks (Incomplete) 43
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79. Thymus 43
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80. Sexual Infections (Shadowing) 43
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81. Telecommunication (Shadowing) 44
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82. Microscopic Invaders (Shadowing) 44
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83. Stone Tools (Incomplete) 44
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84. Immune System 44
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85. Economies of Scale 44
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86. Atlantic Coast 44
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87. Second World War 45
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88. Information Technology (Shadowing) 45
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89. Working Unions (Shadowing) 45
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90. Black Swan (B) (Shadowing) 45
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91. Colloquialism (Shadowing) 45
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92. Man-made Light (Shadowing) 45
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93. Only Family (Shadowing) 45
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94. Online Shopping (Shadowing) 46
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95. Beauty Contests (Shadowing) 46
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96. Companies (Shadowing) 46
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97. Domestic Division 46
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98. Nutritionally Bankrupt (Shadowing) 46
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99. Hazard Assessment (Shadowing) 46
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100. Elephant (Shadowing) 46
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101. Slang (Shadowing) 47
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102. Bookkeeper Fraud (Shadowing) 47
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103. Black Swan 47
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104. Lenient Parents (Shadowing) 47
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105. Choice of Book (Shadowing) 47
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106. Most Important Things 47
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107. Unwritten Rules (Incomplete) 47
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108. Brain (Shadowing) 48
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109. Facebook (Incomplete) 48
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110. Lunar Events (Incomplete) 48
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110. Lunar Events (Incomplete) 48
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111. Vanilla (Shadowing) 48
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112. Pay Scheme (Shadowing) 48
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113. Adulthood (Shadowing) 48
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114. Productive Capacity (Shadowing) 49
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115. Augustus (Shadowing) 49
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116. Cup Class Boats (Incomplete) 49
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117. Changes in Meaning 49
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118. Tool-user (Incomplete) 49
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119. Undesirable Programs (Incomplete) 49
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120. Blue (Shadowing) 49
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121. Business Climate 50
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122. Introvert and Extrovert (Shadowing) 50
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123. Yellow (Shadowing) 50
·····································································································
124. Glamorous Person 50
·····································································································
125. Grand Canyon (Shadowing) 50
·····································································································
126. Lincoln (Shadowing) 50
·····································································································
127. Coastal Wetlands 50
·····································································································
128. Student's Reading 51
·····································································································
129. War on Women 51
·····································································································
130. Shakespeare (Shadowing) 51
·····································································································
131. Alphabet (Shadowing) 51

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Repeat Sentence 52
······································································································
Describe Image 64
·····································································································
1. Supply Chain Management 64
·····································································································
2. Assessment (Incomplete) 64
·····································································································
3. EU (Incomplete) 64
·····································································································
4. Tax and Payroll 64
·····································································································
5. Wasted Food 65
·····································································································
6. Kitchen 65
·····································································································
7. Volunteer Expenses 66
·····································································································
8. Floor Plan 66
·····································································································
9. Honey Production 67
·····································································································
10. Production Map (Incomplete) 67
·····································································································
11. Diamond Production 67
·····································································································
12. Age Group (B) 68
·····································································································
13. European Countries 68
·····································································································
14. Household Budget 69
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14. Household Budget 69
·····································································································
15. Fast Food Times 69
·····································································································
16. Fast Food Consumption 70
·····································································································
17. Richest Countries or Regions 70
·····································································································
18. Most Powerful Passports 71
·····································································································
19. GNH 71
·····································································································
20. Bermuda Triangle 72
·····································································································
21. Plastic Bottle Recycling 72
·····································································································
22. Litchfield Population 73
·····································································································
23. Main Hall 73
·····································································································
24. Stationery Shopping (Incomplete) 74
·····································································································
25. Recycling 74
·····································································································
26. Renewable Energy 75
·····································································································
27. Internet Users 75
·····································································································
28. Ship Lock 76
·····································································································
29. Historic Gardens 76
·····································································································
30. Mosquito Life Cycle 77
·····································································································
31. Ice Thickness 77
·····································································································
32. Disadvantaged Backgrounds of Students 78
·····································································································
33. World Population Density (B) 78
·····································································································
34. Dining Table 79
·····································································································
35. Wash Your Hands 79
·····································································································
36. Personal Protection 80
·····································································································
37. Fruits and Vegetables Market 81
·····································································································
38. Coffee House 81
·····································································································
39. Music Revenues 82
·····································································································
40. A Food Chain 82
·····································································································
41. Upper Arms (B) 83
·····································································································
42. Grape Fruits 83
·····································································································
43. South American Rainforest 84
·····································································································
44. UK Income by Age&Gender 84
·····································································································
45. Product Life Cycle 85
·····································································································
46. Computer Then and Now 85
·····································································································
47. Water Cycle 86
·····································································································
48. Germination 86
·····································································································
49. Penguin 87
·····································································································
50. Journeys in the UK 87
·····································································································
51. Number of Texts 88
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51. Number of Texts 88
·····································································································
52. Auditorium 88
·····································································································
53. Commuting Time 89
·····································································································
54. China Age Group 89
·····································································································
55. Tomato Life Cycle 89
·····································································································
56. Palm Oil Production 90
·····································································································
57. Laboratory Plan 90
·····································································································
58. Temperature and Precipitation 91
·····································································································
59. Forest Annual Change 91
·····································································································
60. Teaching Career 92
·····································································································
61. World Population Development 92
·····································································································
62. Arousal Level 93
·····································································································
63. AIDS Cases 93
·····································································································
64. Australian Population Density 1 94
·····································································································
65. Projected Population 94
·····································································································
66. Income Proportion 95
·····································································································
67. Customer Satisfaction 95
·····································································································
68. Household Energy 96
·····································································································
69. Food Pyramid 96
·····································································································
70. Educational Activities 97
·····································································································
71. ITunes Purchased Songs 97
·····································································································
72. Cell Phone Use in Anytowne 98
·····································································································
73. Coal-produced Energy 98
·····································································································
74. Maslow's Hierarchy 99
·····································································································
75. Wind Machine 99
·····································································································
76. Diameter of Planets 100
·····································································································
77. 100% Health 100
·····································································································
78. Gnat Life Cycle 101
·····································································································
79. Temperature&CO2 101
·····································································································
80. Past Transport 102
·····································································································
81. Length of Fish 102
·····································································································
82. London Street View 103
·····································································································
83. Garbage Patches 1 103
·····································································································
84. Iron Age Hut 104
·····································································································
85. The Eatwell Plate 104
·····································································································
86. Music Download 105
·····································································································
87. Temperature&Precipitation 105
·····································································································
88. Population&Consumption 106
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88. Population&Consumption 106
·····································································································
89. Poverty Rate 106
·····································································································
90. Students' Worked Age 107
·····································································································
91. World Water 107
·····································································································
92. Hospital Visits 108
·····································································································
93. Consumer Confidence 108
·····································································································
94. Sydney Population 109
·····································································································
95. Double Population 109
·····································································································
96. Sunrise & Sunset 110
·····································································································
97. World Income Distribution 110
·····································································································
98. Pet Expenditure 111
·····································································································
99. Egypt Trading 111
·····································································································
100. Power Transmission 112
·····································································································
101. Government Expenditure 112
·····································································································
102. Food&Oil Price 113
·····································································································
103. Pencil Length 113
·····································································································
104. S&P 114
·····································································································
105. Deforestation Reasons 114
·····································································································
106. Switzerland Language 115
·····································································································
107. Bird Feeder 115
·····································································································
108. Solar Eclipse 1 116
·····································································································
109. Parts of Tree 116
·····································································································
110. Tree Ring and Saw 117
·····································································································
111. Food Pyramid 1 117
·····································································································
112. Happiness 118
·····································································································
113. Water Wheel 118
·····································································································
114. Internet Population 119
·····································································································
115. Age Percentage 119
·····································································································
116. Fruit&Vegetable Consumption 120
·····································································································
117. Solar Yard Light 120
·····································································································
118. Meat Consumption 121
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119. Foreign Language Proficiency 121
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120. Holiday Accommodation 122
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121. Fly Life Cycle 122
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122. Urban Percentage 1 123
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123. Thoralby Population 124
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124. Most Used Technology 124
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125. Dubai Gold Sales 124
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125. Dubai Gold Sales 124
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126. Air Temperature 125
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127. Weekly Temperature 125
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128. Fish Shoal 126
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129. Evacuation Route 126
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130. Life Expectancy 127
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131. Number of Arrests 127
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132. Solar Composition 128
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133. Boat Passengers 128
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134. National Flags 129
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135. Depression Probability 129
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136. Earth Crust (2) 130
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137. MSW Generation 130
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138. Electricity Generation 131
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139. Adult Literacy 131
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140. Virus Replication 132
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141. Simple Circuit 132
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142. Earth Structure 133
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143. Height of Tree 133
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144. Oxbow Lake 134
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145. Typing Hands 134
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146. BMI 135
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147. Moon&Fish 135
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148. Apartment Plan 136
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149. Solar System 136
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150. Apple Life Cycle 137

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Retell Lecture 138
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1. Water and Wind (Incomplete) 138
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2. Arguments (Incomplete) 138
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3. Asian Economy (Incomplete) 138
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4. Icy Sea (Incomplete) 138
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5. Venus (Audio Available) 138
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6. Education (Incomplete) 138
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7. Multitasking Man (Incomplete) 138
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8. Universal Philosophy (Audio Available) 139
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9. Facial Recognition (Audio Available) 139
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10. Internet and Children (Incomplete) 139
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11. Energy Challenge (Audio Available) 140
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11. Energy Challenge (Audio Available) 140
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12. Newspapers (Incomplete) 140
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13. Dietary Health (Incomplete) 140
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14. Bilingual Parents (Audio Available) 140
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15. Research (Incomplete) 140
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16. DNA (Incomplete) 141
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17. Amazon (Incomplete) 141
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18. Biological Forgetting (Audio Available) 141
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19. Leadership and Management (Incomplete) 141
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20. Graphical Representation (Incomplete) 141
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21. General-purpose Cars (Incomplete) 141
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22. Street Stalls (Incomplete) 142
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23. Procedure (Incomplete) 142
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24. Fatherhood (Incomplete) 142
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25. King (Explanation) (Audio Available) 142
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26. Globalization (Explanation) (Audio Available) 142
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27. Animal Behavior (B) (Explanation) (Audio Available) 143
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28. Overfishing (Audio Available) 143
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29. Truth and Rhetoric (Explanation) (Audio Available) 143
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30. Social Identity (Incomplete) 144
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31. Robot and Human (Audio Available) 144
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32. Dimensions (Explanation) (Audio Available) 144
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33. Linguistic Training (Explanation) (Audio Available) 145
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34. Earth v.s. Mars (Incomplete) 145
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35. Advanced Machine (Audio Available) 145
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36. Visual Description (Explanation) (Audio Available) 146
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37. Ship (Explanation) (Audio Available) 146
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38. Anti-HIV Program (Audio Available) 146
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39. Loggerhead Turtle (Incomplete) 146
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40. Attention Span (Incomplete) 147
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41. Motivation (Incomplete) 147
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42. Soot Emission (Explanation) (Audio Available) 147
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43. Telescope (Incomplete) 147
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44. Advertising Standard Authority (Incomplete) 148
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45. Melatonin (Explanation) (Audio Available) 148
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46. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (Audio Available) 148
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47. Animal Behavior (Audio Available) 148
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48. NGO V2 (Audio Available) 149
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48. NGO V2 (Audio Available) 149
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49. Australia’s Export (Explanation) (Audio Available) 149
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50. Automobile Exhausts (Incomplete) 150
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51. America’s Economic Size (Incomplete) 150
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52. Teaching (Incomplete) 150
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53. Beautiful Melbourne (Incomplete) 150
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54. Wind Power (Incomplete) 150
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55. Pavlov Experiment (Audio Available) 150
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56. Springtime (Audio Available) 151
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57. Arctic and Antarctic (Audio Available) 151
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58. London Taxi Drivers (Audio Available) 152
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59. Shy Fish (Audio Available) 152
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60. Happiness (Audio Available) 152
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61. Sugar (Audio Available) 153
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62. Early Robot (Audio Available) 153
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63. Climate Change (Explanation) (Audio Available) 153
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64. Genome Structural Variation (Audio Available) 154
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65. Night Sky Darkness (Audio Available) 154
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66. Marshmallow Test (Audio Available) 155
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67. Museum (Audio Available) 155
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68. Archaeology (Audio Available) 156
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69. Bomb Calorimeter (Audio Available) 156
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70. Licking and Grooming (Audio Available) 157
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71. Brain (Audio Available) 157
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72. Infinite Monkey Theorem (Audio Available) 158
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73. Trade-off Triangle (Audio Available) 158

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Answer Short Question 159

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B. Writing 179
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Summarize Written Text 179
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1. Democracy Representative (Incomplete) 179
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2. Intellectual Capital (Incomplete) 179
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3. Automatic Cars (Incomplete) 179
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4. Immune System (Incomplete) 179
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5. Telescope 179
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6. Women in University 179
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7. Levels of Crime 180
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8. Human Traits 180
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9. Difference in Intelligence 181
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9. Difference in Intelligence 181
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10. Flow State (Incomplete) 182
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11. Brain Wave 182
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12. Importance of Water 182
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13. Rosling‘s Discoveries 183
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14. Natural Language 183
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15. Environmental Technologies 184
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16. Great Manager (Explanation) 184
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17. Summer Vacation (Incomplete) 185
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18. Seattle Commuters (Incomplete) 185
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19. Materials (Incomplete) 185
·····································································································
20. New Women (Incomplete) 185
·····································································································
21. The Women Institute (Incomplete) 185
·····································································································
22. Legume 186
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23. Assessment (Explanation) 186
·····································································································
24. Education Technology (Explanation) 187
·····································································································
25. Positive Mindset (Explanation) 187
·····································································································
26. Ethics (Explanation) 188
·····································································································
27. World Wide Web (Explanation) 188
·····································································································
28. Pre-service teachers (Incomplete) 189
·····································································································
29. Asda (Explanation) 189
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30. Illusion (Explanation) 190
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31. Reading (Explanation) 190
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32. Biomimicry (Explanation) 191
·····································································································
33. Plastic Particles (Explanation) 191
·····································································································
34. Vividity of TV and Newspaper (Explanation) 192
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35. Rosetta Stone (Explanation) 192
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36. Great Sphinx (Explanation) 193
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37. School Liaison Police NSW (Explanation) 193
·····································································································
38. Plug-in Vehicle (Explanation) 194
·····································································································
39. Plants Research (Explanation) 195
·····································································································
40. Overqualified Employees (Explanation) 195
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41. Online Teaching & Learning (Explanation) 196
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42. Oil Price Decline (Explanation) 196
·····································································································
43. Malaysia Tourism (Explanation) 197
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44. Grass & Cow (Explanation) 197
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45. Geothermal Energy (Explanation) 198
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46. Electric Cars (Explanation) 198
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46. Electric Cars (Explanation) 198
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47. Double Blind (Explanation) 199
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48. Diasporas (Explanation) 199
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49. Children Allowance (Explanation) 200
·····································································································
50. Cataract Surgery (Explanation) 200
·····································································································
51. Australia-US Alliance (Explanation) 201
·····································································································
52. 3D Printing (Explanation) 202
·····································································································
53. Primary Carers (Explanation) 202
·····································································································
54. American English (Explanation) 203
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55. Crime Rate (Explanation) 203

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Write Essay 205
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1. Better Future 205
·····································································································
2. Foreign Language Learning (Explanation) 205
·····································································································
3. Art and Culture (Explanation) 205
·····································································································
4. Replaced Textbooks (Explanation) 205
·····································································································
5. Overcrowding (Explanation) 205
·····································································································
6. Nature or Nurture (Explanation) 205
·····································································································
7. Hyper Competition (Explanation) 205
·····································································································
8. Financial Learning (Explanation) 205
·····································································································
9. Salary on Achievements (Explanation) 206
·····································································································
10. Workplace Exercise (Explanation) 206
·····································································································
11. Travel for Education (Explanation) 206
·····································································································
12. Globalization (Explanation) 206
·····································································································
13. Foreign Languages (Explanation) 206
·····································································································
14. City or Countryside (Explanation) 206
·····································································································
15. Over-competitive (Explanation) 206
·····································································································
16. Wage Cap (Explanation) 206
·····································································································
17. Harder Life (Explanation) 207
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18. Old or Modern Buildings (Explanation) 207
·····································································································
19. Compulsory Learning (Explanation) 207
·····································································································
20. Working Women (Explanation) 207
·····································································································
21. Short Weeks (Explanation) 207
·····································································································
22. Celebrities' Privacy (Explanation) 207
·····································································································
23. Less Work Hours (Explanation) 207
·····································································································
24. Television (Explanation) 207
·····································································································
25. Inventions (Explanation) 208
·····································································································
26. Dangerous Activities (Explanation) 208
·····································································································
27. Environmental Influence (Explanation) 208
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27. Environmental Influence (Explanation) 208
·····································································································
28. Tourism's Pros and Cons (Explanation) 208
·····································································································
29. Law Effect (Explanation) 208
·····································································································
30. Marketing in Companies (Explanation) 208
·····································································································
31. Studying Climate Change (Explanation) 208
·····································································································
32. Common Exams (Explanation) 209
·····································································································
33. Wealthy Nations (Explanation) 209
·····································································································
34. Studying Abroad (Explanation) 209
·····································································································
35. Pressing Problem (Explanation) 209
·····································································································
36. Arts or Technology Research (Explanation) 209
·····································································································
37. Concentration (Explanation) 209
·····································································································
38. Distraction (Explanation) 209
·····································································································
39. Life Experience (Explanation) 209
·····································································································
40. Credit Cards (Explanation) 210
·····································································································
41. Journalist (Explanation) 210
·····································································································
42. Age Limit (Explanation) 210
·····································································································
43. Tourism (Explanation) 210
·····································································································
44. Digital Materials (Explanation) 210
·····································································································
45. Building Effects (Explanation) 210
·····································································································
46. Teenagers (Explanation) 210
·····································································································
47. Experiential Learning (Explanation) 210
·····································································································
48. Television (Explanation) 211
·····································································································
49. Emigration (Explanation) 211
·····································································································
50. Extreme Sports (Explanation) 211
·····································································································
51. Formal Written Examination (Explanation) 211
·····································································································
52. Personal Life (Explanation) 211
·····································································································
53. Senior Executives (Explanation) 211
·····································································································
54. Facing Issues (Explanation) 211
·····································································································
55. Getting Married (Explanation) 211
·····································································································
56. Digital Age (Explanation) 212
·····································································································
57. Global Issue (Explanation) 212
·····································································································
58. Transportation Networks (Explanation) 212
·····································································································
59. Personal Life (Explanation) 212
·····································································································
60. Information Revolution (Explanation) 212
·····································································································
61. Extending Life Expectancy (Explanation) 212
·····································································································
62. Shopping Malls (Explanation) 212
·····································································································
63. Birth Rate (Explanation) 212
·····································································································
64. Reputation or Short Term Strategies (Explanation) 213
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64. Reputation or Short Term Strategies (Explanation) 213
·····································································································
65. Mark Deduction (Explanation) 213
·····································································································
66. Legal Responsibility (Explanation) 213
·····································································································
67. Right Balance (Explanation) 213
·····································································································
68. Mass Media (Explanation) 213
·····································································································
69. Studying Theater (Explanation) 213
·····································································································
70. Inventions (Explanation) 213

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C. Reading 214
······································································································
Fill in the Blanks (Reading & Writing) 214
·····································································································
1. Forest and Climate (Incomplete) 214
·····································································································
2. Blind Behavior (Incomplete) 214
·····································································································
3. Indian Daughters (Incomplete) 214
·····································································································
4. To Quit Smoking (Incomplete) 214
·····································································································
5. Penicillin (Incomplete) 214
·····································································································
6. Rainforest (Incomplete) 214
·····································································································
7. Recruitment Tool (Explanation) 214
·····································································································
8. Bonus of Dendrochronology (Explanation) 215
·····································································································
9. New Material (Incomplete) 215
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10. Water Consumption (Incomplete) 215
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11. Environmental Policy (Explanation) 215
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12. Clinical Trials (Incomplete) 216
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13. Korean Students (Incomplete) 216
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14. Financial Crisis (Explanation) 216
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15. Crime Prevention (Explanation) 216
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16. International Trade (Explanation) 217
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17. Pinker (Explanation) 217
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18. Plains Indians (Explanation) 217
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19. Graphene (Explanation) 218
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20. Cultural Fusion (Incomplete) 218
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21. Dag Hammarskjold Library (Explanation) 218
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22. Coral Reefs (Explanation) 218
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23. Dinosaurs (Explanation) 219
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24. Shakespeare (Explanation) 219
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25. World Map of Happiness (Explanation) 219
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26. Lens (Incomplete) 220
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27. Spanish (Explanation) 220
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28. Migration (Incomplete) 220

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29. Important Corollary (Explanation) 220
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30. Roommates (Incomplete) 221
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31. Alcohol Consumption (Incomplete) 221
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32. Light Pollution (Explanation) 221
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33. Novelist (Incomplete) 221
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34. Video Game (Incomplete) 221
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35. Kathryn Mewes (Explanation) 222
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36. Bhutan (Explanation) 222
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37. Dance (Explanation) 222
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38. Teenage Daughter (Explanation) 223
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39. Digital Media (Explanation) 223
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40. Sound Speed (Explanation) 223
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41. Panic-striken Climate (Explanation) 224
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42. Digitalization (Explanation) 224
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43. Tokyo Skytree (Explanation) 225
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44. Heart of Study 225
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45. (Incomplete) 225
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46. Charles Dickens (Incomplete) 226
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47. Giant Exoplanets (Explanation) 226
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48. Shrimp Farm (Explanation) 226
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49. Product Selling (Explanation) 226
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50. IQ Tests (Incomplete) 227
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51. Internet Use 227
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52. Good Looks in Votes (Explanation) 227
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53. Mini Helicopter (Explanation) 228
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54. Intelligence Comparison (Explanation) 228
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55. Roman and Water (Explanation) 228
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56. Conservationists 229
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57. English Language (Explanation) 229
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58. Genius (Explanation) 230
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59. Poetry 230
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60. Cheating 230
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61. Stressors 231
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62. Cell (Explanation) 231
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63. Attendance (Incomplete) 231
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64. Golden Gate Bridge (Explanation) 231
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65. Health and Fitness 232

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66. Manga (Incomplete) 232
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67. Economic Depression 233
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68. PIE 233
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69. Drones 233
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70. Sandra Lousada 234
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71. Repeated Syllables 234
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72. Physical Activity 235
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73. Studying Law 235
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74. Kashmiri 235
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75. Humans and Chimpanzees (Incomplete) 236
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76. Interaction (Incomplete) 236
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77. Ikebana 236
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78. City Parks (Incomplete) 236
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79. Healthcare 236
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80. Colonial Era 237
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81. Colour Preference 237
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82. Sun and Moon 237
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83. Fossil Fuels 238
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84. Marshmallow 238
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85. Omniscience 238
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86. Study of Objects 239
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87. Psychology 239
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88. Mass Extinction 240
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89. Australia's Dwellings 240
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90. Noisy Studying 240
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91. Exams Looming 241
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92. Coastal Fish Farms 241
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93. Cultural Studies 241
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94. Trinity Sport and Fitness 242
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95. Renewable Energy 242
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96. Retirement 243
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97. Agrarian Parties 243
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98. Home Appliances 243
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99. Decision Making 244
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100. Icebergs' Sound 244
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101. How World Works 244
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102. Managing Performance 245

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103. Melting Ice 245
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104. Wholeness of Thought 246
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105. Good Information 246
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106. Interior Design 246
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107. Computational Thinking 247
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108. When to Revise? 247
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109. Paris Opera 247
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110. UWS 248
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111. Global Textile Industry 248
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112. Significance of Instinct 249
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113. Ancient Egypt Music 249
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114. Very Old Paris 249
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115. Pidgins 250
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116. Rudman 250
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117. MBA Programs 250
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118. Origin of Species 251
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119. Women in Labour Force 251
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120. Origin of Music 252
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121. Standard Language 252
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122. Conservancy 253
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123. Fresh Water 253
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124. Guilt and Responsibility 253
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125. Transportation System 254
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126. APS 254
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127. Computer 254
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128. Interdisciplinary Centre 255
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129. Spotted Owls 255
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130. Learning Process 256
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131. Maya 256
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132. Snails 256
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133. English in Change 257
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134. Scientists 257
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135. Sleep Patterns 257
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136. Australian Women Novelists 258
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137. Business 258
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138. Investment Choice 258
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139. Distance Learning 259

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140. Language 260
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141. Allergies 260
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142. Classic 260
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143. Leadership 261
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144. Oxford Course 261
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145. Dictatorship 262
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146. Zika 262
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147. Divorce in Australia 262
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148. DNA 263
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149. Japan and China 263
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150. Fingerprint (Incomplete) 264
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151. Cardona Salt Mountain 264
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152. Viper 264
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153. Water Security 265
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154. Fingerprints 265
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155. Trip (Incomplete) 265
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156. Generosity 265
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157. Canadian Arctic 266
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158. Business Schools 266
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159. Folklore 266
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160. Zero-gravity 267
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161. David Lynch 267
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162. One City 267
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163. Higher Education Funding 268
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164. Herbal 268
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165. Anesthetics 269
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166. Hairstyles 269
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167. Sales Jobs 269
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168. Sales Activities 270
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169. Settlement 270
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170. Video Conference 271
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171. Pollination 271
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172. Spanish Language 271
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173. Definition of Country 272
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174. Ocean Floor 272
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175. Burger King 273
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176. Impressionist 273

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177. Pinker 274
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178. Egg-eating Snakes 274
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179. Smoking Happiness 274
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180. Below-ground Organisms 275
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181. Friday the 13th 275
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182. Brain 276
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183. Australia and New Zealand 276
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184. Honorary Degree 277

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Multiple Choice (Multiple) 278
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1. Language Learners (Incomplete) 278
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2. Turks and Caicos (Incomplete) 278
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3. Children Care (Incomplete) 278
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4. Optional Courses (Incomplete) 278
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5. Jails (Incomplete) 278
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6. (Incomplete) 279
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7. Pink Tube (Incomplete) 279
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8. ANZAC (Incomplete) 279
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9. History of Sleep 279
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10. Andalucia 280
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11. Decision 280

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Re-order Paragraphs 282
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1. Mass of Tree (Incomplete) 282
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2. Food and Water (Incomplete) 282
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3. Amazon Drought (Incomplete) 282
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4. Coral Reefs 282
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5. Notion of Engineering (Incomplete) 282
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6. Crab 282
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7. Age (Incomplete) 283
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8. Project (Incomplete) 283
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9. Darwin 283
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10. Ada (Incomplete) 283
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11. Travel (Incomplete) 283
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12. Palm Oil (Incomplete) 283
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13. Agriculture (Incomplete) 283
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14. E-waste (Incomplete) 283
·····································································································
15. Learning in Childhood (Incomplete) 284
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16. Temperature Measurement (Incomplete) 284

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17. Meerkats 284
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18. Leaf Structure 284
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19. Takeaway Meals 284
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20. Locomotion 285
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21. Mandarin 285
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22. Answering Question 285
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23. US Manufacturing (Incomplete) 285
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24. Poincaré 285
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25. Sun Light (Incomplete) 286
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26. Huawei Program (Incomplete) 286
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27. Women Force (Incomplete) 286
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28. Brain and Body (Incomplete) 286
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29. Photogrammetry 286
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30. Rectangle and Square (Incomplete) 286
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31. Farming (Incomplete) 286
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32. Invention of Electronics (Incomplete) 287
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33. Pronunciation (Incomplete) 287
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34. Child Temptation(孩⼦的诱惑) 287
·····································································································
35. Essential Skill(必要技能) 287
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36. O'Keeffe 287
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37. Actors' Performance 288
·····································································································
38. Financial Literacy 288
·····································································································
39. Understanding Differences(了解差异) 288
·····································································································
40. Brain Function 288
·····································································································
41. Hand Language (Incomplete) 289
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42. Superpower (Incomplete) 289
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43. Center of Health(国际健康中⼼) 289
·····································································································
44. Nightinggale 289
·····································································································
45. Food Label (Incomplete) 289
·····································································································
46. Mars From Earth(地球到⽕星) 289
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47. Pidgin 290
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48. Blue Halo 290
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49. Ants 290
·····································································································
50. Marine Creature 290
·····································································································
51. Art History 291
·····································································································
52. Children's Verbal Skills 291
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53. Egyptian Temple 291

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54. World Feeding 291
·····································································································
55. Two-and-a-half(2.5升空⽓) 291
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56. EU Fishing 292
·····································································································
57. Glow Worm 292
·····································································································
58. Hip Pop 292
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59. Be Objective(保持客观) 292
·····································································································
60. Carbon Pricing in Canada 293
·····································································································
61. Heart Attack 293
·····································································································
62. Financial Crisis (Incomplete) 293
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63. Stereotype 293
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64. Financial Stability 293
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65. Pilot 294
·····································································································
66. Foreign Aid 294
·····································································································
67. Local Logger(当地⽊⼯) 294
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68. A Big Challenge(⼤挑战) 294
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69. Sojourner 295
·····································································································
70. Smart George(聪明的乔治) 295
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71. Mission 295
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72. Parties(派对) 295
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73. Exploratory Urge 296
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74. Some Type Soda(某些类型的苏打) 296

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Fill in the Blanks (Reading) 297
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1. Zika 297
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2. Global Warming (Incomplete) 297
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3. Restaurant (Incomplete) 297
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4. Good Writing (Incomplete) 297
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5. Computer Virus (Incomplete) 297
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6. Trinity Sport and Fitness (Explanation) 297
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7. Major Selection (Incomplete) 298
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8. Gold (Incomplete) 298
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9. Philosophy (Incomplete) 298
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10. Exercise (Incomplete) 298
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11. Generation Evolution (Incomplete) 298
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12. David Lynch (Explanation) 298
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13. Charity (Incomplete) 298
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14. Ballet-pantomime (Explanation) 298
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15. Pidgins (Explanation) 299

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16. English Language (Explanation) 299
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17. Evolution (Explanation) 299
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18. Female Employment (Incomplete) 300
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19. Chemistry (Explanation) 300
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20. Black Hole (Incomplete) 300
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21. Electrons (Explanation) 300
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22. Tooth (Incomplete) 300
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23. Forest and Fish (Incomplete) 300
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24. Written Language (Incomplete) 300
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25. Lens (Incomplete) 301
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26. Instruction (Incomplete) 301
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27. Hangover (Incomplete) 301
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28. Traffic Jams (Explanation) 301
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29. Maya (Explanation) 301
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30. MBA (Explanation) 301
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31. Performance Appraisals (Explanation) 302
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32. Bioenergy (Explanation) 302
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33. Activity Tracker (Incomplete) 302
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34. Banana (Explanation) 302
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35. Keith Haring 302
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36. Sound Speed (Explanation) 303
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37. Sheepdogs 303
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38. Organic Culture 303
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39. Lizard (Incomplete) 303
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40. Management Accounting (Explanation) 304
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41. Computational Thinking (Explanation) 304
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42. Studying Law (Explanation) 304
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43. Wind Farm (Incomplete) 304
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44. Color Preference 304
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45. Shrimp Farms 305
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46. Egyptian Music (Explanation) 305
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47. Shakespeare and Richard (Incomplete) 305
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48. Self-expression 305
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49. Childcare 306
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50. Green Spaces 306
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51. Egg-eating Snakes 306
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52. Diamond (Incomplete) 306

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53. World Factory 306
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54. Good School 307
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55. Long-term Goal (Incomplete) 307
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56. Gender Equality 307
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57. Textile Industry 307
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58. Fossil Fuel (Explanation) 308
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59. Ponzi Scheme 308
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60. Melting Ice (Explanation) 308
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61. Rudman 308
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62. Active Learning Classrooms 308
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63. Sandra Lousada (Explanation) 309
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64. Carbon Prices 309
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65. Father in Family 309
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66. Conservancy 309
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67. Inflation (Incomplete) 310
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68. Business Emission (Explanation) 310
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69. Weather Predictions 310
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70. Giant Exoplanets 310
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71. Geography 310
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72. Study of Leadership 311
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73. Digital Media 311
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74. Scientists' Work 311
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75. Folklore 311
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76. Suez Canal 312
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77. Eutrophication 312
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78. Private School 312
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79. Following Tips 312
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80. Alpine Newt 312
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81. Dance 313
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82. Western Firms 313
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83. Coffee 313
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84. Financial Crisis 313
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85. Monitoring Animals 313
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86. Concentration 314
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87. Environmental Policy 314
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88. Physical Activity 314
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89. Lithium 314

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90. Citizenship Education 315
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91. Trees 315
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92. Australian Dwellings 315
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93. Changing English 315
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94. Pupil Charity 315
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95. Investment 316
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96. Paris 316
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97. Moth 316
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98. Revision 316
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99. Japan and China 317
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100. Trade-off 317
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101. Lake Turkana 317
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102. Smarter Organisms 317
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103. Fingerprint 318
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104. Recruitment 318
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105. Donors 318
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106. Standard Response 318
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107. Internet Growth 318
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108. Away from Home 319
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109. Good Looks 319
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110. Viper 319
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111. Modern Healthcare 320
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112. Walt Disney World 320
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113. American People 320
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114. Daniel Harris 320
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115. Canada Gallery 321
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116. Cheating 321
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117. McLuhan 321
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118. Music 321
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119. Biological Systems 322
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120. Psychoanalytic and Behaviorist 322
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121. Sharkbite 322
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122. Material Culture Studies 322
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123. Fresh Water 323
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124. Tokyo's Skytree 323
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125. Plagiarism 323
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126. Milky Way System 323

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127. People’s Savings 324
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128. Life changes 324
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129. The Wholeness of Thought 324
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130. Impressionist Painters 324
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131. Higher Education Qualifications 324
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132. Steven Pinker 325
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133. Sun and Moon 325
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134. Cuteness 325
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135. The Origins of Music 325
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136. Australian Women Novelist 326
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137. Genius 326
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138. Planes 327
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139. Ikebana 327
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140. Kashmiri 327
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141. Sportswomen 327
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142. University Science 327
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143. Recruitment Tool 328
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144. Chaucer’s Tales 328
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145. Australian Business Etiquette (Incomplete) 328
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146. Group Communication (Incomplete) 328
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147. University Ranking (Incomplete) 328
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148. Teenage Daughter 329
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149. Allure of Book 329
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150. Open Door Policy 329
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151. Questionnaires 329
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152. Quake-resistant Structures 329
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153. Graduation Gifts 330
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154. Productivity 330
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155. Consumption Pattern 330
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156. Answering Questions 330
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157. Thea Proctor 331
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158. Dark Matter 331
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159. Papal Reform 331
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160. Botswana 331

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Multiple Choice (Single) 333
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1. Bamboo (Incomplete) 333
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2. Iceberg 333

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3. Social Scientists 333
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4. John Robertson 334
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5. Linguistic Turn 334
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6. Lighthouse (Incomplete) 335
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7. Euripides (Incomplete) 335

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D. Listening 336
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Summarize Spoken Text 336
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1. Money Collection (Incomplete) 336
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2. Global Economic Changes (Incomplete) 336
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3. Cities (Incomplete) 336
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4. Universe History (Incomplete) 336
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5. Food Calculation (Incomplete) 336
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6. International Law (Incomplete) 336
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7. Sound of Words (Incomplete) 336
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8. US immigration (Incomplete) 337
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9. Women Contribution (Incomplete) 337
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10. Origin of Species (Audio Available) 337
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11. Cosmology (Incomplete) 337
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12. City and Civilization (Incomplete) 337
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13. Journalism and Internet (Audio Available) 337
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14. Singapore (Incomplete) 338
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15. Music Recorder (Incomplete) 338
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16. Social Diversity (Incomplete) 338
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17. Accent and Dialect (Incomplete) 338
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18. Women Contribution (Incomplete) 338
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19. Dialect (Incomplete) 339
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20. Trade System (Incomplete) 339
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21. Black Fly (Incomplete) 339
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22. African American Rights (Audio Available) 339
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23. Fish (Audio Available) 340
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24. Technology Development (Incomplete) 340
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25. Air Pollution (Audio Available) 340
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26. Categories of Strategies (Incomplete) 340
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27. Sociology (Incomplete) 341
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28. Patent (Incomplete) 341
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29. Human Rights (Incomplete) 341
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30. Power (Incomplete) 341

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31. Tissue Engineering (Explanation) (Audio Available) 342
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32. Time Travel (Incomplete) 342
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33. Internet and Journalism (Audio Available) 342
·····································································································
34. Hook Sentence (Explanation) (Audio Available) 342
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35. Energy of Internet (Audio Available) 343
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36. Approach and Avoidance (Explanation) (Audio Available) 343
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37. Credit Card (Incomplete) 343
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38. DNA Pieces (Explanation) (Audio Available) 344
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39. Chimpanzees (Explanation) (Audio Available) 344
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40. Internet Growth (Incomplete) 344
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41. Competition and Performance (Audio Available) 345
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42. Newspaper Industry (Explanation) (Audio Available) 345
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43. Children's Lost Life (Incomplete) 345
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44. Automatic Driving (Similar) (Audio Available) 345
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45. Sugar (Explanation) (Audio Available) 346
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46. Fish Activities (Incomplete) 346
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47. Stone Balls (Explanation) (Audio Available) 346
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48. Machines (Incomplete) 347
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49. Bees and Darwin (Incomplete) 347
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50. National Wealth (Incomplete) 347
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51. Sleep (Explanation) (Audio Available) 347
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52. Dancing Bees (Explanation) (Audio Available) 348
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53. Children Directors (Explanation) (Audio Available) 348
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54. Literature in Poem (Explanation) (Audio Available) 348
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55. Food Waste (Explanation) (Audio Available) 349
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56. Moods (Incomplete) 349
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57. Leadership (Explanation) (Audio Available) 349
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58. MPA Campaign (Explanation) (Audio Available) 350
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59. Engineer and Engineering (Explanation) (Audio Available) 350
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60. Stock Market and Business (Explanation) (Audio Available) 350
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61. Luxury Brand (Explanation) (Audio Available) 351
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62. Paper Rejection (Explanation) (Audio Available) 351
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63. Global Economy (Explanation) (Audio Available) 351
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64. Inhabitants in Australia (Explanation) (Audio Available) 352
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65. Survey on Happiness (Explanation) (Audio Available) 352
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66. Genetic Impact (Explanation) (Audio Available) 353
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67. Sign Language (Explanation) (Audio Available) 353

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68. Change of Body Fat (Explanation) (Audio Available) 353
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69. Brand Image (Explanation) (Audio Available) 354
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70. Facial Recognition (Explanation) (Audio Available) 354
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71. Geography (Incomplete) 355
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72. Wildlife as Food (Explanation) (Audio Available) 355
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73. Ugly Building (Explanation) (Audio Available) 355
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74. Orgnization Study (Incomplete) 356
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75. Architecture Design (Explanation) (Audio Available) 356
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76. Human Minds (Explanation) (Audio Available) 356
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77. Children's Life Quality (Incomplete) 357
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78. Youth Communities (Explanation) (Audio Available) 357
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79. Globalization (Explanation) (Audio Available) 358
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80. Mapping of Genes (Incomplete) 358
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81. Big Bang (Explanation) (Audio Available) 358
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82. Mars and Earth (Explanation) (Audio Available) 359
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83. Dropping from School (Audio Available) 359
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84. Separation of Power (Incomplete) 359
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85. Time Machine (Incomplete) 359
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86. Language Levels (Explanation) (Audio Available) 360
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87. Canned Food (Explanation) (Audio Available) 360
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88. Marshmallow Test (Explanation) (Audio Available) 360
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89. Flower Colour (Explanation) (Audio Available) 361
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90. Smile of Mother (Explanation) (Audio Available) 361
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91. Market Economy (Explanation) (Audio Available) 362
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92. Spectacles (Audio Available) 362
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93. Student Loan (Explanation) (Audio Available) 363
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94. Sound Receptor (Explanation) (Audio Available) 363
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95. Are We Animals (Explanation) (Audio Available) 364

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Multiple Choice (Multiple) 365
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1. History (Incomplete) 365
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2. Complaints (Incomplete) 365
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3. Nano-gold (Incomplete) 365
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4. Sharks (Incomplete) 365

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Fill in the Blanks 366
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1. Brad and Lisa (Audio Available) 366
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2. (Incomplete) 366
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3. Dialogue (Incomplete) 366

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4. Sceptical Environmentalist (Audio Available) 366
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5. Ocean and Climate (Incomplete) 366
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6. Giant Exoplanets (Audio Available) 366
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7. Star (Incomplete) 367
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8. Space Exploration (Incomplete) 367
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9. Kashmiri (Audio Available) 367
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10. Shouxing (Incomplete) 367
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11. Culture (Incomplete) 367
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12. Advertisement (Incomplete) 367
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13. Burial (Audio Available) 367
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14. Degree (Incomplete) 368
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15. Green Chemistry (Audio Available) 368
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16. Life on Mars (Audio Available) 368
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17. Library Catalog (Audio Available) 368
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18. Belief (Audio Available) 368
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19. Malaria (Audio Available) 369
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20. Corporate Culture (Audio Available) 369
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21. Locomotion (Audio Available) 369
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22. Industrial Productivity (Audio Available) 369
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23. Banana (Audio Available) 370
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24. Feasting Food (Audio Available) 370
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25. Viking (Audio Available) 370
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26. Memory (Audio Available) 370
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27. Banana (Audio Available) 371
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28. Adidas (Audio Available) 371
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29. Medical Care (Audio Available) 371
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30. Technology and Business (Audio Available) 371
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31. Age (Audio Available) 372
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32. Lead-in Time (Audio Available) 372
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33. Early Chocolate (Audio Available) 372
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34. Palm Oil (Audio Available) 372
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35. Seminal Difference (Audio Available) 373
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36. Well-being (Audio Available) 373
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37. Cultural Heritage (Audio Available) 373
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38. Cavemen (Audio Available) 373
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39. Dogs (Audio Available) 374
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40. Sweet Potato (Audio Available) 374

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41. Bees (Audio Available) 374
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42. Social Media (Incomplete) 374
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43. Pharmaceutical Industry (Audio Available) 375
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44. Almonds (Audio Available) 375
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45. Share Prices (Audio Available) 375
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46. Tesla (Incomplete) 375
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47. Arts and Humanities (Audio Available) 375
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48. New Epidemic (Audio Available) 376
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49. Cars in America (Audio Available) 376
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50. Gap Year (Incomplete) 376
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51. Social Harm (Audio Available) 376
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52. Green Chemistry (Audio Available) 377
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53. Sunflowers (Audio Available) 377
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54. Tax Increases (Audio Available) 377
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55. Rebuilding Soils (Audio Available) 377
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56. Entrepreneurs (Audio Available) 377
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57. Economists (Audio Available) 378
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58. Nanotechnology (Audio Available) 378
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59. Financial Markets (Audio Available) 378
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60. Oceanographer (Audio Available) 378
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61. Beautiful Building (Audio Available) 379
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62. CPG (Audio Available) 379
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63. Planting Bananas (Incomplete) 379
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64. Water Crisis (Audio Available) 379
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65. Shakespeare (Audio Available) 379
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66. Laurence Stephen Lowry (Audio Available) 379
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67. Warmer Ocean (Audio Available) 380
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68. Neo-Latin (Audio Available) 380
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69. CEO's Duty (Audio Available) 380
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70. Dropping Out (Audio Available) 380
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71. Integrated Ticketing (Audio Available) 381
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72. Japanese Researchers (Audio Available) 381
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73. Online Dating (Audio Available) 381

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Highlight Correct Summary 382
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1. Ambassador (Incomplete) 382
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2. Ugly Building (Audio Available) 382
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3. Pancake Ice (Audio Available) 382

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Multiple Choice (Single) 384
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1. Computer and Human (Incomplete) 384
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2. Lost Dog (Incomplete) 384
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3. Children Genders (Incomplete) 384
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4. Timetable (Incomplete) 384
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5. Wright Brothers (Incomplete) 384
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6. Major in Engineering (Incomplete) 384
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7. Bibliography and Reference (Incomplete) 384
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8. Marriage and Health (Incomplete) 385

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Select Missing Word 386
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1. Memory (Incomplete) 386
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2. Ageing Population (Incomplete) 386
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3. Eclipse (Incomplete) 386

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Highlight Incorrect Words 387
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1. Volunteer (Incomplete) 387
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2. News Channels (Incomplete) 387
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3. Experimental Scientist (Audio Available) 387
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4. Sotheby (Audio Available) 387
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5. Dramatic Changes (Audio Available) 387
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6. Written Assessment (Audio Available) 388
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7. Definition of Happiness (Audio Available) 388
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8. Cumulative Culture (Audio Available) 388
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9. Australia's Greenhouse Gas (Audio Available) 388
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10. BioBonanza (Audio Available) 389
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11. Dog Training (Incomplete) 389
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12. Poverty Ending (Audio Available) 389
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13. Probability (Audio Available) 389
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14. Diabetes (Audio Available) 390
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15. Article (Audio Available) 390
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16. Height (Audio Available) 390

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Write From Dictation 392

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A. Speaking
Read Aloud
1. Bill (Shadowing)
The bill calls for the establishment of the National Landslide Hazards Reduction Program within one year
of becoming law. The program serves numerous functions, including to identify and understand landslide
hazards and risks, reduce losses from landslides, protect communities at risk of landslides hazards, and
improve communication and emergency preparedness.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1034)

2. Agricultural Problems (Shadowing)


Agricultural problems due to climate change of normal weather, water depletion and the collapse of soil
have become big problems in all parts of the world. Many are now focusing on ethics and family farming
as a way to combat these issues.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1033)

3. Innovative Product (Shadowing)


An innovative new product or service can give a firm a head start over its rivals, which can be difficult for
a new entrant to overcome. If the new technology is also patented, then other firms cannot simply copy
its design. It is legally protected.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1032)

4. Urban Forests (Shadowing)


A community's urban forest is an extension of its pride and community spirit. Trees enhance community
economic stability by attracting businesses and tourists as people tend to linger and shop longer along
tree-lined streets. Apartments and offices in wooded areas rent more quickly and businesses leasing
office spaces in developments with trees reported higher productivity and fewer absences.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1031)

5. Root Network (Shadowing)


The networks of roots that plants use to absorb water and nutrients can encompass a space larger than
the part of the plant visible above ground. The nature of these roots systems can help plants adapt to
challenging environments such as deserts. For instance, mesquite trees can develop tap roots capable of
digging more than 50 yards deep to reach water.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1030)

6. Child Psychology (Shadowing)


Within this free course, you will be introduced briefly to the discipline of child psychology and to theories
and approaches that have been developed to help us understand and support children's lives by focusing
on the individual children. Psychologists can assess changes in their child's abilities over time, including
their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1029)

7. Political Problems (Shadowing)


The course considers the ways in which thinkers have responded to the particular political problems of
their day and the ways in which they contribute to a broader conversation about human goods and

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needs, justice, democracy, and the proper relationship of the individual to the state.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1028)

8. Statistics (Shadowing)
Statistics are indicators of change and allow meaningful comparisons to be made. While it may be the
issues rather than the statistics as such that grab people's attention, it should be recognized that it is
the statistics that informed the issues. Statistical literacy, then, is the ability to accurately understand,
interpret and evaluate the data that inform these issues.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1027)

9. William Shakespeare (Shadowing)


Three hundred and eighty years after his death, William Shakespeare remains the central author of the
English-speaking world; he is the most quoted poet and the most regularly produced playwright — and
now among the most popular screenwriters as well. Why is that, and who "is" he?
(APEUni Website / App RA #1026)

10. Rates of Depression (Shadowing)


At a time when stress levels are soaring, rates of depression are increasing and the gap between rich
and poor is ever widening. We believe that giving can play a positive role in helping people to feel
connected to those around them and generate a sense of purpose and hope. When we give, we feel
valued, useful and happy.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1025)

11. Tutor (Shadowing)


Your tutor helps you make the most of your time at university by giving you guidance and support along
the way. All new students are allocated a personal tutor who will encourage you to get the most out of
your course, direct you to other sources of support and help you achieve your goals.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1024)

12. Attendance (Shadowing)


To some extent, attendance at cultural venues and events is influenced by a person's age and the
composition of the household in which they live. For example, those people in households with
dependent children were more likely to visit zoological parks and aquariums than people living in single
person households.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1023)

13. Enough Fluid


Your body is nearly two-thirds water. And so it is really important that you consume enough fluid to stay
hydrated and healthy. If you don't get enough fluid you may feel tired, get headaches, and not perform at
your best.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1022)

14. Single Research


Rarely, however, does a single research study produce the certainty needed to assume that the same
results will apply in all or most settings. Rather, research is usually an ongoing process, based on many
accumulated understandings and explanations that, when taken together, lead to a generalization about
educational issues and practice, and ultimately, to the development of theories.
(APEUni Website / App RA #315)

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15. Tortoise
The tortoise size and shell shape varies depending on where they live. The shell is made of bone and is a
dull brown color. Their ribs, backbone and breastbone have become part of the shell, which is why you
can never separate the tortoise from its shell.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1021)

16. Department Stores


In this course, we will explore how such things as department stores, nationally advertised brand-name
goods, mass produced cars and suburbs transformed the American economy, society and politics. The
course is organized both thematically and chronologically. Each period deals with a new development in
the history of consumer culture.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1020)

17. Attendance to Theater


Experts discuss the significance of attending the theater as a civic occasion, associated with the
political and cultural achievements of Athens. Through archeology and analyses of contemporary art
forms such as decoration on pottery, a picture is built up of ancient Greek theater.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1019)

18. Norms and Values


Members of a culture must conform to its norms for the culture to exist and function. Hence, members
must want to conform and obey rules. They first must internalize the social norms and values that dictate
what is normal for the culture. Then they must socialize or teach norms and values to their children.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1018)

19. Expression
Expression became important during the romantic movement with artwork expressing a definite feeling,
as in the sublime or dramatic. Audience response was important, for the artwork was intended to evoke
an emotional response. This definition holds true today as artists look to connect with and evoke
responses from their viewers.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1017)

20. Learner Experience


We seek to improve learner's experience of education at college and help them to aspire, achieve and
progress. We must embed equality and diversity in everything we do, both as a provider and an employer.
We hope to prepare our students for work, higher education and citizenship by equipping our staff with
the skills to meet this agenda.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1016)

21. Natural Environment


The natural environment can be hazardous, and, with increased travel and leisure, people today are more
likely than ever to be exposed to potentially life-threatening conditions. Although the human body can
adjust to some extent, it cannot cope with poisons or prolonged exposure to extremes of environment.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1015)

22. Emigrants
In the late 16th and 17th centuries, many English, French and Dutch emigrants went to North America in
search of gold and silver. But they did not find it. Instead, settlers were forced to support themselves by

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cultivating crops that they could sell in Europe, like tobacco, indigo and rice.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1014)

23. Humanities
We believe in the inherent value of research in the humanities and social sciences. And our research data
agenda is given by the pursuit of new knowledge that will be of benefit of Australia and the world. We
offer one of the most comprehensive programs in the humanities and social sciences in Australia and the
Asian Pacific region.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1013)

24. New Textbook


This is a new, accessible and engaging textbook written by academics who also work as consultants with
organizations undergoing change. It offers a unique combination of rigorous theoretical exploration
together with practical insights from working with those who are actually responsible for managing
change.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1010)

25. Volcano Behaviors


There were various explanations for volcano behavior before the structure of the earth mantle as a
semisolid material was developed. For decades, awareness that compression and radioactive materials
may be heat sources was discounted and volcanic action was often attributed to chemical reactions and
a thin layer of molten rock near the surface.
(APEUni Website / App RA #921)

26. Hybrid Rice


A new breed of rice that is a hybrid of an annual Asian rice and a perennial African rice could be a more
sustainable option. The hybrid rice was able to produce grain for 8 consecutive harvests over four years
at a yield comparable to the standard annual Asian rice, with much lower costs and labour.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1008)

27. Motivation to Fight


USA sexually ‘teased’ its troops in the First World War to make them fight harder. Believing that sexually
satisfied men could not be easily motivated, the aim of this teasing was to generate unmet sexual desire,
which the War Department could leverage as motivation to fight.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1007)

28. Baby Hearing


Most babies start developing their hearing while still in the womb, prompting some hopeful parents to
play classical music to their pregnant bellies. Some research even suggests that infants are listening to
adult speech as early as 10 weeks before birth, gathering the basic building blocks of their family's native
tongue.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1006)

29. Stroke Risk


People in their 20s and 30s who drink moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol may be more likely to have
a stroke as young adults than people who drink low amounts or no alcohol, according to a study. The
risk of stroke increased the more years people reported moderate or heavy drinking.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1005)

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30. Abortions
The Texas law prohibiting abortion after detectable embryonic cardiac activity was associated with a
decrease in in-state abortions and an increase in residents obtaining out-of-state abortions. The
proportion of out-of-state abortions obtained at 12 weeks increased significantly from 17.1% to 31%.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1004)

31. Vitamin and Death


Vitamin D deficiency linked to premature death. Over a 14-year follow-up period, researchers found that
the risk for death significantly decreased with increased vitamin D concentrations, with the strongest
effects seen among those with severe deficiencies.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1002)

32. Pollution Reduction


Air pollution reduced when U.S. embassies around the world installed monitors and tweeted the
Readings. The resulting reductions in air pollution levels had large health benefits for residents in these
cities, speaking to the potential efficacy of other monitoring and information interventions.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1001)

33. Video Games


A study of nearly 2,000 children found that those who reported playing video games for three hours per
day or more performed better on cognitive skills tests involving impulse control and working memory
compared to children who had never played video games.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1000)

34. Flood Control


We've spent a lot of money over the last seventy years on flood control, and it's protected millions of
people and has saved us billions of dollars. We've built dams to hold back the waters. We've built levees
to keep the water off the people, and we've raised the ones that were originally started in seventeen
eighteen.
(APEUni Website / App RA #836)

35. Window in Painting


We can see from the X-rays that at an early stage of painting, a window was painted at the left of the
portrait. It seems that there may have been two windows in the initial design for the portrait or that the
window was moved at an early stage.
(APEUni Website / App RA #831)

36. Circumcision
The role of women in promoting voluntary medical male circumcision uptake: research reveals the
important role played by women in influencing men to undergo circumcision. Women are also motivated
to convince men to undergo male circumcision because of the benefits associated with them such as
reduction of HIV transmission and cervical cancer.
(APEUni Website / App RA #826)

37. Psychology
Psychology is the study of cognitions, emotions, and behavior. Psychologists are involved in a variety of
tasks. Many spend their careers designing and performing research to understand how people behave in
specific situations, how and why we think the way we do, and how emotions develop and what impact

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they have on our interactions with others.


(APEUni Website / App RA #819)

38. Brain Efficiency


Efficiency is not your friend when it comes to cognitive growth. In order to keep our brains making new
connections and keep them active, you need to keep moving on to another challenging activity as soon
as you reach the point of mastery in the one you were engaging in.
(APEUni Website / App RA #818)

39. Climate Effects


Changes in climate affect, for example, the plant and animal life of a given area. The presence of coal
beds in North America and Europe along with evidence of glaciation in these same areas indicates that
they must have experienced alternately warmer and colder climates than they now possess.
(APEUni Website / App RA #813)

40. Gut Microbiome


Research has shown that the gut microbiome is important for human physiology and health. Disturbances
to the composition of the gut microbiome can be associated with chronic diseases such as
gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. The human
body has evolved strategies to ensure that a symbiotic relationship exists between the microbes in our
gut and our cells.
(APEUni Website / App RA #808)

41. Immune Vigilance


The problem is that increased immune vigilance has a side effect: allergies. Our speculation is that this is
some kind of trade-off. In the past you needed to resist some kind of pathogen, and the trade-off or
sacrifice you have to make is increased responsiveness to nonpathogenic allergens. So next time some
of you get the springtime sniffles, blame your distant ancestor — the one with the heavy brow ridge.
(APEUni Website / App RA #803)

42. Nikola Tesla


As the inventor of alternating-current technology, Nikola Tesla played a paramount role in the electricity
used to power the entire world. Tesla also worked diligently on a dream of supplying electrical power
without wires. Thomas Edison was also instrumental in shaping society today with his inventions.
Edison's design of the inside of the light bulb was the crucial key to making a light that would stay lit for
hours instead of going out almost immediately.
(APEUni Website / App RA #802)

43. Book Structure


Any writer must decide upon an order and a structure for a book in keeping with the reflexive nature of
the work. There are strong currents of reiteration in the book, with each iteration developing
understandings of research, theory, and practice as the story continues to unfold.
(APEUni Website / App RA #786)

44. Major Conclusion


Our major conclusion is that the current measure needs to be revised. It no longer provides an accurate
picture of the differences in the extent of economic poverty among population groups or geographic
areas of the country, nor an accurate picture of trends over time.

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(APEUni Website / App RA #785)

45. University Terms


An industry or workplace often has its own terms for certain items, places, or groups of people, and a
university is no different. Here we have attempted to explain some of the terms you may come across on
our websites that are specific to higher education.
(APEUni Website / App RA #784)

46. Eagles
Neither golden eagles nor bald eagles are endangered species. The US bald eagle population has more
than quadrupled since 2009, from around 72,000 to 317,000 birds. But the US golden eagle population
is still relatively small – around 30,000 birds – and at risk of declining.
(APEUni Website / App RA #780)

47. Sociological Thought


Written by ten eminent professors, it had been updated to reflect the shifts of sociological thought in
the last five years, making it the most comprehensive, authoritative, and contemporary dictionary
available. It was essential reading for all students and teachers of sociologies and other related courses,
and also for the general reader.
(APEUni Website / App RA #779)

48. Central Aim


Our central aim is to enable you to develop knowledge and attitudes and skills that are conducive to
constructive involvement, cooperation and teamwork with others and will serve you well in future
endeavors. To succeed, the process demands all of us a serious exercise in civic responsibility.
(APEUni Website / App RA #777)

49. Manchester (Incomplete)


Points: About a person who graduated from Cambridge and what his position was. He lived in
Manchester, and died there.
(APEUni Website / App RA #756)

50. Roman Army (Shadowing)


There were two types of soldier in the Roman Army: the roman legionary and the auxiliaries. The
legionaries were the very best soldiers and the auxiliaries were actually non-Roman citizens. Legionaries
wore an undershirt made of linen and a woollen tunic. The linen helped the soldiers to stay cool while the
wool helped to trap heat, keeping the soldiers warm.
(APEUni Website / App RA #755)

51. Personal Libraries (Shadowing)


Scholars build their own personal libraries to support not only particular projects but also general reading
in their field. They buy or make photocopies of materials when possible, so they can consult them
frequently, mark pages and write annotation on them. When moving into a new field, they add to their
collections, usually concentrating on primary texts.
(APEUni Website / App RA #714)

52. Behavioral Science (Shadowing)


Behavioral and social sciences research helps predict, prevent, and manage illness — in individuals and

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in whole populations. This research also helps people change their behaviors, understand treatments, and
learn how to stick with them. Society's role is significant, too: access to health care affects decision-
making and behavior.
(APEUni Website / App RA #713)

53. Undergraduates Education


Undergraduates may choose to major in any one of 125 academic majors. The universities distinguished
faculty includes internationally known scientists, authors and teachers who are committed to continuing
the university's tradition in providing one of the highest quality undergraduate educations available.
(APEUni Website / App RA #712)

54. Globalization (Shadowing)


The benefits and disadvantages of globalization are the subject of ongoing debate. The downside to
globalization can be seen in the increased risk for the transmission of diseases. Globalization has of
course led to great good, too. Richer nations now can come to the aid of poorer nations in crisis.
Increasing diversity in many countries has meant more opportunity to learn about and celebrate other
cultures.
(APEUni Website / App RA #682)

55. Summerhill School (Shadowing)


Summerhill School was regarded with considerable suspicion by the educational establishment. Lessons
were optional for pupils at the school, and the government of the school was carried out by a School
Council, of which all the pupils and staff were members, with everyone having equal voting rights.
(APEUni Website / App RA #608)

56. Paraphrasing (Incomplete)


Points: We define paraphrasing as putting a passage from an author into your own words. However,
what are your own words? How different must your paraphrase be from the original? The answer is it
should be considerably different. The whole point of paraphrasing is to show you have read and
understood another person's ideas and can summarize them in your own writing style rather than
borrowing their phrases. If you just change a few words or add some bits of your own to an otherwise
reproduced passage, you will probably be penalized for plagiarism. You should aim to condense and
simplify a writer's ideas and describe them using different sentence structures and expressions.
(APEUni Website / App RA #607)

57. Night Sky (Shadowing)


Nature offers no greater splendor than the starry sky on a clear, dark night. Silent, timeless, jeweled with
the constellations of ancient myth and legend, the night sky has inspired wonder throughout the ages —
a wonder that leads our imaginations far from the confines of Earth and the pace of the present day,
out into boundless space and cosmic time itself.
(APEUni Website / App RA #606)

58. Language Diversity (Shadowing)


Despite a number of events in recent years devoted to language diversity, language endangerment, and
multilingualism, such as the International Year of Languages, public awareness of the issues is still
remarkably limited. Only one in four of the population know that half the languages of the world are so
seriously endangered that they are unlikely to survive the present century.
(APEUni Website / App RA #605)

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59. Statistical Chance (Shadowing)


The survey found that the statistical chances of someone from a poor background being accepted at
one of the country's most respected universities are far lower than those of a student from a wealthy
family. This means that the inequalities in society are likely to be passed down from one generation to
the next.
(APEUni Website / App RA #604)

60. Spanish and French (Incomplete)


Points: Spanish is one of the languages that are most spoken in the United States. ... French is very
common in American.
(APEUni Website / App RA #571)

61. Universities of Europe


During the Early Modern period, the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth,
productivity, and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first
European university was founded, there were twenty-nine universities spread throughout Europe.
(APEUni Website / App RA #552)

62. Student Loan


Since 2003, borrowing for education advanced faster, in percentage terms, than all other types of
consumer debt that includes mortgages, auto loans and credit cards, data from the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York show. As of the fourth quarter, student loans represented 10.5 percent of a record $
13.1 trillion in household debt, up from 3.3 percent at the start of 2003.
(APEUni Website / App RA #551)

63. Passion
Do something you are very passionate about and do not try to chase what is considered the hot passion
of the day. People say you have to have a lot of passion for what you’re doing, and it’s totally true. You
have to do it over a sustained period of time. So, if you don’t love it, you’re going to give up.
(APEUni Website / App RA #529)

64. Ed Tech (B) (Incomplete)


Points: Today, however, Skinner’s heirs are forcing the sceptics to think again (see article). Backed by
billionaire techies such as Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates, schools around the world are using new
software to "personalize" learning. This could help hundreds of millions of children stuck in dismal
classes—but only if edtech boosters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how
children learn. To succeed, edtech must be at the service of teaching, not the other way around.
(APEUni Website / App RA #513)

65. Wellness
Within “wellness” paradigm of care, there would still be a place for use of medications that help people
feel differently, at least for a time: sedatives, tranquilizers, and so forth. And you would still want to fund
science that seeks to better understand the many pathways to debilitating mood states and to
“psychosis” and yes, whatever biological vulnerabilities that may be present.
(APEUni Website / App RA #499)

66. Biopedturbation
Biopedturbation, the disturbance of soils by animals, is an important and often essential functional

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component of many ecosystems worldwide. It determines the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil


patches and thereby contributes to the ecosystems' diversity and heterogeneity.
(APEUni Website / App RA #493)

67. Recurring Dream


Having the same dream again and again is a well-known phenomenon — nearly two-thirds of the
population report having recurring dreams. Being chased, finding yourself naked in a public place or in
the middle of a natural disaster, losing your teeth or forgetting to go to class for an entire semester are
typical recurring scenarios in these dreams.
(APEUni Website / App RA #480)

68. TV Advertising
From a child's point of view, what is the purpose of TV advertising? Is advertising on TV done to give
actors the opportunity to take a rest or practice their lines ? Or is it done to make people buy things?
Furthermore, is the main difference between programs and commercials that commercials are for real,
whereas programs are not, or that programs are for kids and commercials for adults?
(APEUni Website / App RA #479)

69. Economic Depression (Shadowing)


An economic depression is a period of sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or
more economies. It is more severe than a recession, which is a slowdown in economic activity over the
course of a normal business cycle. Economic depressions are characterized by their length, and by
abnormally large increases in unemployment rate.
(APEUni Website / App RA #473)

70. Selective History (Shadowing)


History is selective. What history books tell us about the past is not everything that happened, but what
historians have selected. They cannot put in everything: choices have to be made. Choices must similarly
be made about which aspects of the past should be formally taught to the next generation in the shape
of school history lessons.
(APEUni Website / App RA #472)

71. Wolf (Shadowing)


Over time a split would have appeared in wolf populations, he says: those wolves that feared humans,
and those that didn’t. "So this would have facilitated, I think, the domestication process." At which point
humans deliberately took wolves as pets. But that domestication process, Frantz says, may have
happened more than once: first in the west, in Europe. And again in the far east, in Asia.
(APEUni Website / App RA #470)

72. Matthew Brady (Shadowing)


In 1861, Matthew Brady, a well-known portrait photographer, approached President Lincoln requesting
permission to move freely around the country photographing the Civil War. Lincoln granted him
permission to travel anywhere with the Union armies, and his record of this conflict brought home to
millions the horrors of war.
(APEUni Website / App RA #466)

73. Faster Communications (Shadowing)


As we progress into the 21st century, communications are becoming faster and faster. Think of the

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millions of different media images you are bombarded with every day. It is as important now to be able
to read and make sense of those images, as it has been to be able to read ordinary text.
(APEUni Website / App RA #464)

74. Source of Funding (Shadowing)


A study found that the research funded by the soft drinks industry had different results from research
funded by other sources and went on to suggest that they may have been biased by the research itself.
The whole point of the scientific methods is to ensure the research results are not influenced by the
source of funding.
(APEUni Website / App RA #463)

75. Credit Cards (Incomplete)


Points: credit cards used instead of cash, benefits and problems
(APEUni Website / App RA #448)

76. Sandra Lousada (Incomplete)


Points: London's National Portrait Gallery is currently celebrating the fifty-year career of photographer
Sandra Lousada. The twenty one portraits on display depict key figures in literature, film and fashion
from the early 1960s. Subsequent to the acquisition of forty portraits by Lousada, the display at The
National Portrait Gallery highlights shots taken between 1960 and 1964, many of which feature in
Lousada's book Public Faces Private Places (2008). Formal commissioned portraits are shown alongside
behind the scenes photographs taken on films sets and unguarded portraits of sitters captured at home.
(APEUni Website / App RA #447)

77. Interdisciplinary Studies (Incomplete)


Points: Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combination of two or more academic
disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project). It draws knowledge from several other fields like
sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics etc. It is about creating something by thinking across
boundaries. It is related to an interdiscipline or an interdisciplinary field, which is an organizational unit
that crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs
and professions emerge.
(APEUni Website / App RA #444)

78. Natural Networks (Incomplete)


Points: Neural networks are some of the most important tools in AI. So far, they run on traditional
processors in the form of adaptive software, but experts are working on an alternative concept, the
'neuromorphic computer'. In this case, neurons are not simulated by software but reconstructed in
hardware components. A team of researchers has now demonstrated a new approach to such hardware
- targeted magnetic waves that are generated and divided in micrometer-sized wafers.
(APEUni Website / App RA #418)

79. Thymus
Researchers have rebuilt a human thymus, an essential organ in the immune system, using human stem
cells and a bioengineered scaffold. Their work is an important step towards being able to build artificial
thymi which could be used as transplants.
(APEUni Website / App RA #406)

80. Sexual Infections (Shadowing)

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Roughly one million sexually transmitted infections are exchanged each day. If untreated, they can lead
to cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. However, people are often reluctant to ask
their doctors to test for such infections, so Eve Medical in Toronto developed a kit for women to screen
themselves.
(APEUni Website / App RA #386)

81. Telecommunication (Shadowing)


Today, telecommunication is widespread and devices that assist the progress are common in many parts
of the world. There is also a vast array of networks that connect these devices, including computer,
telephone and cable networks. Computer communication across the Internet, such as e-mail and instant
messaging, is just one of many examples of telecommunication.
(APEUni Website / App RA #380)

82. Microscopic Invaders (Shadowing)


We all know about bacteria, viruses and microscopic protozoa. We can watch the way that these tiny
agents move into our bodies and damage our organs. We have a growing understanding of how our body
mounts defensive strategies that fight off these invaders, and have built some clever chemical that can
help mount an assault on these bio-villains.
(APEUni Website / App RA #375)

83. Stone Tools (Incomplete)


Points: Modern humans arrived in westernmost Europe 41,000 to 38,000 years ago, about 5,000 years
earlier than previously known, according to an international team of researchers that discovered stone
tools used by modern humans dated to the earlier time period in a cave near the Atlantic coast of central
Portugal. The tools document the presence of modern humans at a time when Neanderthals were
thought to be present in the region.
(APEUni Website / App RA #364)

84. Immune System


Whether flu or coronavirus, it can take several days for the body to ramp up an effective response to a
viral infection. New research describes how different cells in the immune system work together,
communicate, and - in the case of cells called neutrophils - bring about their own death to help fight off
infections. The findings could have important implications for the development of vaccines and anti-viral
therapies.
(APEUni Website / App RA #360)

85. Economies of Scale


If countries can specialize in certain goods they can benefit from economies of scale and lower average
cost. This is especially true in the industry with high fixed costs or that require a high level of
investment. The benefits of the economy of scale will ultimately lead to lower prices for consumers and
greater efficiency for exporting firms.
(APEUni Website / App RA #351)

86. Atlantic Coast


The Atlantic coast of the peninsula can be thought of as the cold side, and the sea on this coast tends
to be clear and cold, with a variety of seaweeds growing along the rocky shoreline. On a hot day,
however, this cold water can be very refreshing and is said to be less hospitable to sharks, which prefer
warmer waters.

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(APEUni Website / App RA #340)

87. Second World War


For the first two or three years after the Second World War, a new title would often sell out within a few
months of publication. However, unless public demand for the book was unusually high, they were rarely
able to reprint it. With paper stocks strictly rationed, they could not afford to use up precious paper or
tie up their limited capital with a reprint.
(APEUni Website / App RA #339)

88. Information Technology (Shadowing)


The emergence of information technology has created new products, processes and distribution systems.
New products include the computer, the Internet and digital TV; new processes include Internet banking,
automated inventory control and automated teller machines; and new distribution systems include cable
and satellite TV.
(APEUni Website / App RA #325)

89. Working Unions (Shadowing)


Therefore, the working unions in modern society are not very important. They preserve their functions
only in the underdeveloped countries. On the contrary, in the developed states, workers refuse to join
the unions, preferring individual work. Thus, working unions cannot survive the assault of modern
economic trends and slowly move to a complete decline. Their initial purposes have little to do with the
hectic pace of modern life.
(APEUni Website / App RA #322)

90. Black Swan (B) (Shadowing)


Before the discovery of Australia, people in the old world were convinced that all swans were white, an
unassailable belief as it seemed completely confirmed by empirical evidence. The sighting of the first
black swan might have been an interesting surprise for a few scientists, but that is not where the
significance of the story lies.
(APEUni Website / App RA #321)

91. Colloquialism (Shadowing)


Australians speak English of course. But for many tourists and even some locals, Australian English has
only tenuous links with mother tone. Our speech is prepared with words and phrases whose arcane
meanings are understood only by the initiate. It is these colorful colloquialisms that Australian slang set
to truly explain.
(APEUni Website / App RA #317)

92. Man-made Light (Shadowing)


Have you ever pictured a world without light? Just think how much we rely on man-made light sources in
our lives. Without engineers, we wouldn't be able to live the way we do. No street lights, no TV, no
computer display, no house lights. Engineers design and build all these things, and they also design, build
and run the electricity systems that power all these light sources.
(APEUni Website / App RA #169)

93. Only Family (Shadowing)


Imagine living all your life as the only family on your street. Then, one morning, you open the front door
and discover houses all around you. You see neighbors tending their gardens and children walking to

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school. Where did all the people come from? What if the answer turned out to be that they had always
been there — you just hadn't seen them?
(APEUni Website / App RA #316)

94. Online Shopping (Shadowing)


A unique characteristic of online shopping environments is that they allow vendors to create retail
interfaces with highly interactive features. One desirable form of interactivity from a consumer
perspective is the implementation of sophisticated tools to assist shoppers in their purchase decisions by
customizing the electronic shopping environment to their individual preferences.
(APEUni Website / App RA #105)

95. Beauty Contests (Shadowing)


Beauty contests, whether it's Miss Universe or Miss Teen International, are demeaning to women and out
of sync with the times. Opponents say that they are nothing more than symbols of decline. Since
Australians Jennifer Hawkins and Lauryn Eagle were crowned Miss Universe and Miss Teen International
respectively, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in beauty pageants in this country.
(APEUni Website / App RA #109)

96. Companies (Shadowing)


Companies will want to be known not just for the financial results they generate, but equally for the
imprint they leave on society as a whole. First, ensuring that their products contribute positively. Second,
operating in a way that approaches a "net-neutral" impact to the natural environment. And third,
cherishing their people.
(APEUni Website / App RA #312)

97. Domestic Division


Traditional divisions of domestic work are understood to persist because of the strong association of
the home with femininity and paid work with masculinity - to challenge who does what in the home is
arguably tantamount to challenging what it is to be a woman or a man.
(APEUni Website / App RA #309)

98. Nutritionally Bankrupt (Shadowing)


Globalization has affected what we eat in ways we are only beginning to understand. Modern food
production no longer relates to our biological needs but is in direct conflict with them. The relationship
between diet and our fertility, our risk of cancer, heart disease and mental illness is becoming clearer.
Yet much of our food is nutritionally bankrupt.
(APEUni Website / App RA #308)

99. Hazard Assessment (Shadowing)


A Hazard Assessment should be performed for work involving distillations of organic liquids and should
thoroughly address issues relating to residual water and possible decomposition of the solvent in
question, as well as the physical placement of the distillation apparatus and heating equipment to be
employed.
(APEUni Website / App RA #304)

100. Elephant (Shadowing)


The elephant is the largest living land mammal. During evolution, its skeleton has greatly altered from the
usual mammal, designed for two main reasons. One is to cope with the great weight of huge grinding

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cheek teeth and elongated tusk, making the skull particularly massive. The other is to support the
enormous bulk of such a huge body.
(APEUni Website / App RA #302)

101. Slang (Shadowing)


Australians do speak English. However, for some tourists and travelers, it can be difficult to understand
the slang. Also, the links between Australian and American English were seen to be very tenuous. At least
some colloquialisms in Australian English do not exist in other types of English.
(APEUni Website / App RA #79)

102. Bookkeeper Fraud (Shadowing)


A national study into fraud by bookkeepers employed at small and medium-sized businesses has
uncovered 65 instances of theft in more than five years, with more than thirty one million dollars stolen.
Of the cases identified by the research, 56 involved women and nine instances involved men. However,
male bookkeepers who defrauded their employer stole three times, on average, the amount that women
stole.
(APEUni Website / App RA #183)

103. Black Swan


Before European explorers had reached Australia, it was believed that all swans were white. Dutch
mariner, Antonie Caen, was the first to be amazed at the sight of Australia's Black swans on the Shark
Bay in 1636. Explorer Willem de Vlamingh captured two of these creatures on Australia's Swan River and
returned with them to Europe to prove their existence. From that point on, black swans and Australia
have been closely linked.
(APEUni Website / App RA #283)

104. Lenient Parents (Shadowing)


Two sisters were at a dinner party when the conversation turned to upbringing. The elder sister started
to say that her parents had been very strict and that she had been rather frightened of them. Her sister,
younger by two years, interrupted in amazement. "What are you talking about?" she said. "Our parents
were very lenient."
(APEUni Website / App RA #280)

105. Choice of Book (Shadowing)


This book is no ordinary book, and should not be read through from beginning to end. It contains many
different adventures, and the path you take will depend on the choices you make along the way. The
success or failure of your mission will depend on the decisions you make, so think carefully before
choosing.
(APEUni Website / App RA #277)

106. Most Important Things


Food is one of the most important things you'll ever buy. And yet most people never bother to think
about their food and where it comes from. People spend a lot more time worrying about what kind of
blue jeans to wear, what kind of video games to play, what kind of computers to buy.
(APEUni Website / App RA #248)

107. Unwritten Rules (Incomplete)


Points: Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality. They are the invisible

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scaffold that frames the behaviour of individuals so that the collective can function in a frictionless and
productive way. But the rigour of these rules and the exactitude with which they are enforced varies
dramatically. Some nations tolerate singing in an elevator, swearing during an interview or entering a
bank barefoot, for example, while others frown upon such behaviours.
(APEUni Website / App RA #217)

108. Brain (Shadowing)


In most animals, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory
apparatus of vision, hearing, taste and olfaction. In humans, it is an organ of thought. While all
vertebrates have a brain, invertebrates have either a centralized brain or collections of individual ganglia.
(APEUni Website / App RA #211)

109. Facebook (Incomplete)


Points: Facebook has defended itself against claims that using the site can damage wellbeing and
mental health. In a blogpost, it said while there was evidence it could negatively affect mood, the way it
affected people was determined by how they used it. Facebook's downsides could be combated by
making more use of the site and interacting positively. A social media expert said the way Facebook was
built made it hard to use it in those better ways.
(APEUni Website / App RA #210)

110. Lunar Events (Incomplete)


Points: Three unusual lunar events will coincide on Wednesday night: a blue moon, a super moon and a
blood moon. A blue moon signifies two new moons during the same month, because the moon's orbit
does not coincide completely with the calendar. A super moon is when the moon gets the closest to
earth. And a blood moon or total lunar eclipse happens when the earth, sun and moon are all lined up,
making the moon appear red.
(APEUni Website / App RA #195)

111. Vanilla (Shadowing)


The uniquely scented flavor of vanilla is second only to chocolate in popularity on the world’s palate. It’s
also the second most expensive spice after saffron. But highly labor intensive cultivation methods and
the plant’s temperamental life cycle and propagation mean production on a global scale is struggling to
keep up with the increasing demand for the product.
(APEUni Website / App RA #152)

112. Pay Scheme (Shadowing)


If bonus or “incentive pay” schemes work so well for senior executives and bankers, why does everyone
not get them? After all, many jobs involve making important decisions or taking risks. Is there anything
about corporate decisions and financial risks that makes these categories of work special in terms of
how they need to be incentivised and rewarded?
(APEUni Website / App RA #144)

113. Adulthood (Shadowing)


Once most animals reach adulthood, they stop growing. In contrast, even plants that are thousands of
years old continue to grow new needles, add new wood, and produce cones and new flowers, almost as
if parts of their bodies remained "forever young". The secrets of plant growth are regions of tissue that
can produce cells that later develop into specialized tissues.
(APEUni Website / App RA #141)

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114. Productive Capacity (Shadowing)


The core of the problem was the immense disparity between the country’s productive capacity and the
ability of people to consume. Great innovations in productive techniques during and after the war raised
the output of industry beyond the purchasing capacity of U.S. farmers and wage earners.
(APEUni Website / App RA #136)

115. Augustus (Shadowing)


Augustus was given the powers of an absolute monarch, but he presented himself as the preserver of
republican traditions. He treated the Senate, or state council, with great respect, and was made Consul
year after year. He successfully reduced the political power of the army by retiring many soldiers, but
giving them land or money to keep their loyalty.
(APEUni Website / App RA #133)

116. Cup Class Boats (Incomplete)


Points: At the end of this year, we will launch the cup class boats. So these will be about twice the
power. The sailors are down in cockpits, unlike today. A lot of power is being generated by these four
grinders that are providing hydraulic power, and that energy is being used to control the flying surface,
the hydrofoil and is also being used to control the wing and the flaps, effectively the engine, of what we
have.
(APEUni Website / App RA #128)

117. Changes in Meaning


Most words have experienced several changes in meaning throughout their history, so that it is
impossible to say which stage in their meaning is the "true" meaning. And if we attempt to go back to
"the beginning", we find it is impossible, for the origins of many words are difficult to trace back.
(APEUni Website / App RA #99)

118. Tool-user (Incomplete)


Points: The human animal's status as the only clever tool-user who can talk about our feelings is
crumbling. Prairie dogs can make up words for new animals. Crows are born with the ability to make
tools. Elephants recognise and stroke the bones of a lost family member. As biologists delve into these
subjects, they're demonstrating that we're not nearly as unique as we once thought. It's the perfect time,
scientifically speaking, to reassess our place in the animal kingdom.
(APEUni Website / App RA #96)

119. Undesirable Programs (Incomplete)


Points: Parents can communicate their personal feelings about undesirable programs both by
discouraging their children from watching them and by writing to their local television station or to the
programs sponsors. The public does have a voice. Clearly, not all programs need please everybody. We
do have a choice of programs and we also have a choice, for ourselves and at least for our younger
children, of watching or not watching. There is an off button on every set!
(APEUni Website / App RA #86)

120. Blue (Shadowing)


While blue is one of the most popular colors, it is one of the least appetizing. Food researchers say that
when humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or spoiled objects, which were often blue,
black, or purple. When food dyed blue is served to study subjects, they lose appetite.
(APEUni Website / App RA #131)

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121. Business Climate


The climate for doing business improved in Egypt more than in any other country last year, according to
a global study that revealed a wave of company-oriented reforms across the Middle East. The World
Bank rankings, which look at business regulations, also showed that the pace of business reforms in
Eastern Europe was overtaking East Asia .
(APEUni Website / App RA #41)

122. Introvert and Extrovert (Shadowing)


Introverts (or those of us with introverted tendencies) tend to recharge by spending time alone. They lose
energy from being around people for long periods of time, particularly large crowds. Extroverts, on the
other hand, gain energy from other people. Extroverts actually find their energy is sapped when they
spend too much time alone. They recharge by being social.
(APEUni Website / App RA #29)

123. Yellow (Shadowing)


Cheerful sunny yellow is an attention getter. While it is considered an optimistic color, people lose their
tempers more often in yellow rooms, and babies will cry more. It is the most difficult color for the eye to
take in, so it can be overpowering if overused. Yellow enhances concentration, hence its use for legal
pads. It also speeds metabolism.
(APEUni Website / App RA #26)

124. Glamorous Person


Who do you think is the most glamorous person? A biotechnologist who led his company in international
research, an ordinary welder who gained international fame through his work, or a photographer
complimented widely for a series of photos?
(APEUni Website / App RA #16)

125. Grand Canyon (Shadowing)


The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide and attains a depth of over a mile. While the
specific geologic processes and timing that formed the Grand Canyon are the subject of debate by
geologists, recent evidence suggests the Colorado River established its course through the canyon at
least 17 million years ago.
(APEUni Website / App RA #7)

126. Lincoln (Shadowing)


Lincoln's apparently radical change of mind about his war power to emancipate slaves was caused by
the escalating scope of war, which convinced him that any measure to weaken the Confederacy and
strengthen the Union war effort was justifiable as a military necessity.
(APEUni Website / App RA #1)

127. Coastal Wetlands


The coastal wetlands have environmental and economic importance. Wetlands provide natural wealth.
They have important filtering capabilities. As the runoff water passes, they retain excess nutrients and
some pollutants. They maintain water flow during dry periods. Thousands of people depend on
groundwater for drinking. They act as natural sponges of flood waters and contain soil erosion. They
control floods and save the buildings from collapsing during heavy rains.
(APEUni Website / App RA #45)

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128. Student's Reading


The student's reading in his own subject slows down, and his comprehension becomes less secure. He
expresses himself slowly and often fails to convey his ideas exactly. He is disappointed to find that
under pressure he makes a lot of unnecessary mistakes in areas where he knows the correct language
forms.
(APEUni Website / App RA #48)

129. War on Women


While the Republican field is packed with male candidates, so far, some of the sharpest Clinton critics
have come from women. Democrats successfully campaigned on an alleged GOP perpetrated "war on
women" in twenty twelve, but faltered in 2014 when they tried the same tactic. With Hillary Clinton as the
likely Democratic nominee, the fight for women voters will be a central part of the twenty sixteen
campaign.
(APEUni Website / App RA #32)

130. Shakespeare (Shadowing)


A young man from a small provincial town — a man without independent wealth, without powerful family
connections and without a university education — moved to London in the late 1580's and, in a
remarkably short time, became the greatest playwright not of his age alone but of all time. How was this
achievement of magnitude made? How did Shakespeare become Shakespeare?
(APEUni Website / App RA #2)

131. Alphabet (Shadowing)


The problem begins with the alphabet itself. Building a spelling system for English using letters that
come from Latin — despite the two languages not sharing exactly the same set of sounds — is like
building a playroom using an IKEA office set.
(APEUni Website / App RA #10)

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Repeat Sentence
Audio Available: There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at
APEUni Website / App to listen.

1. Scientific beneficiary to space exploration is frequently questioned. #2364 (Audio Available)


2. The study demonstrates a need for further research in this field. #2363 (Audio Available)
3. The result of the experiment indicates that further research is needed. #2362 (Audio Available)
4. Points: ... it really depends on a person's situation. #2361 (Incomplete)
5. The energy that we absorb from food can help us prevent the cold and become warmer. #2309
(Audio Available)
6. There are many different religions across the world. #2308 (Audio Available)
7. The campus library will be closed during the winter break. #715 (Audio Available)
8. Digital scans of archived materials are provided for a small fee. #686 (Audio Available)
9. The bus for London will leave 10 minutes later than planned. #613 (Audio Available)
10. If you show your student card, you will get a discount. #148 (Audio Available)
11. After considering all the options she decided to take risks. #2307 (Audio Available)
12. The full list of undergraduate programs can be found on the website. #2306 (Audio Available)
13. The graph shows the population growth in the last century. #2305 (Audio Available)
14. The origin of psychology can be traced back to ancient Greece. #2304 (Audio Available)
15. Experts cannot agree on a single definition of intelligence. #312 (Audio Available)
16. There is a lot more about this topic on the university website. #2303 (Audio Available)
17. The literal output of this research is prolific and diverse. #656 (Audio Available)
18. Knowledge becomes a vital role in young generations. #2302 (Audio Available)
19. All students depend on their future. #2301 (Audio Available)
20. Students must attend the safety course before entering the engineering workshop. #2300
(Audio Available)
21. At that time, people moved from towns to villages. #1065 (Audio Available)
22. Points: Students fear to write essays because they do not know how to ... #2299 (Incomplete)
23. She has a small business about toys. #2298 (Audio Available)
24. Points: The ... staff ... student union. #2297 (Incomplete)
25. It is expected that all students have their own laptops. #2296 (Audio Available)
26. You have to submit the project by the end of the week. #2295 (Audio Available)
27. None of the students found it difficult to get a job. #2294 (Audio Available)
28. His particular interest is in the eighteenth century French society. #2293 (Audio Available)
29. Such behaviors are regarded as a deviation of the norm. #2292 (Audio Available)
30. There are lots of opportunities available for the student on campus. #2291 (Audio Available)
31. Before submitting the paper, your thesis must be approved by your tutor. #2290 (Audio Available)
32. The office opens on Monday and Thursday following the freshman seminar. #2289
(Audio Available)
33. The professor took a year off to work on her book. #450 (Audio Available)
34. You may not be allowed to read any books without the reading list. #761 (Audio Available)
35. We have specially assigned staff to help you find appropriate work placements. #2286
(Audio Available)
36. Renewable energy sources are now used to produce electricity. #2285 (Audio Available)
37. Living in the twenty first century is increasingly stressful. #2284 (Audio Available)
38. Please make sure you use the standard form of quotation. #2283 (Audio Available)
39. Please read the article that was given out yesterday. #2282 (Audio Available)

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40. Compiling a bibliography can present a major challenge for some students. #2281
(Audio Available)
41. By logging in, you agree to all terms and conditions regarding your enrollment. #2280
(Audio Available)
42. We weren't able to agree on the appropriate independent variables. #697 (Audio Available)
43. The chemistry building is located near the entrance of the campus. #2279 (Audio Available)
44. Today we have a guest speaker who is visiting from Canada. #2228 (Audio Available)
45. Tomorrow's lecture has been canceled due to the power cut. #2177 (Audio Available)
46. The assessment of this course will begin next week. #2176 (Audio Available)
47. This will be the first art exhibition to be held by the university. #2175 (Audio Available)
48. I think that to raise the issue and to talk about it is great. #2174 (Audio Available)
49. The university hosts a wide range of events both on and off campus. #2173 (Audio Available)
50. Our capacity to serve the community is a vital part of our role. #2172 (Audio Available)
51. A balanced diet will help you study more effectively. #2171 (Audio Available)
52. At the end of the day, people want to profit from return on their investment. #2170
(Audio Available)
53. The support and advice of lecturers within the department has been invaluable. #2169
(Audio Available)
54. Graduates from this course generally find jobs in the insurance industry. #2168 (Audio Available)
55. All the works you consult need to be mentioned in the bibliography. #2167 (Audio Available)
56. One of the first mass transit systems was located in France. #2166 (Audio Available)
57. Speaking one or more foreign languages will be useful in your career. #2165 (Audio Available)
58. I have lectures on Tuesday from nine o'clock until two o'clock. #2164 (Audio Available)
59. The professor plans to discuss issues in the news that reflect concepts taught in class. #2163
(Audio Available)
60. Each group should submit a rough outline of their project to their tutor. #370 (Audio Available)
61. There is a fitness center next to the student union. #2161 (Audio Available)
62. Animal behavior appears to contain both similar and distinct aspects to that of humans. #2160
(Audio Available)
63. Tomorrow evening, there will be a panel discussion on sustainable development. #800
(Audio Available)
64. It's a great privilege to welcome our guest speaker to our college. #2159 (Audio Available)
65. Key aspects of this investigative paradigm may prove useful in other spheres. #2158
(Audio Available)
66. Points: New universities should allow students to enroll on other ... activities. #2156 (Incomplete)
67. The college operates on a system of continuous assessments. #2152 (Audio Available)
68. Tuesday is the final day for students to submit their assignments without any penalty. #2148
(Audio Available)
69. Eating a healthy breakfast can provide energy throughout the day. #2146 (Audio Available)
70. Students can borrow this book for a maximum of one day. #2144 (Audio Available)
71. Many experts think that the world climate is changing. #723 (Audio Available)
72. Accommodations on campus are limited but there are more options nearby. #451 (Audio Available)
73. The temporary library will be closed in the winter break. #2142 (Audio Available)
74. Points: When we take exams ... radio and audio. #2141 (Incomplete)
75. The deadline of assignments is the fourth of February. #1795 (Audio Available)
76. The information you need for this meeting is on the website. #1709 (Audio Available)
77. The percentage of respondents who knew that the earth circles the sun once each year remained
essentially unchanged. #1708 (Audio Available)

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78. This Thursday is the last day for students to withdraw subjects without any penalty. #755
(Audio Available)
79. Safety glasses should be worn while doing experiments in the lab. #577 (Audio Available)
80. The English expression is just a way of saying that age is not important. #1682 (Audio Available)
81. You can borrow up to two books at the same time in the library. #1681 (Audio Available)
82. I am glad that Professor Gordon just joined our faculty. #846 (Audio Available)
83. Mobile phone chargers vary enormously from one place to another. #1680 (Audio Available)
84. There are many welcoming activities for new undergraduate and postgraduate students. #1678
(Audio Available)
85. Students can choose graduate certificate, graduate diploma and master course. #1677
(Audio Available)
86. Please note, the proposal submission deadline has been extended. #1676 (Audio Available)
87. Many species have not yet been discovered by biologists. #1673 (Audio Available)
88. He told me it was the most important assignment of all. #1671 (Audio Available)
89. The trial experiment is to increase the interests of the issue and the jurisdiction clause. #1670
(Audio Available)
90. The media have had a great influence on people's beliefs and attitudes. #1668 (Audio Available)
91. You realize that you can deal with a lot of situations. #1667 (Audio Available)
92. Marks will be awarded for a bibliography in the correct format. #1666 (Audio Available)
93. The campus car park will be closed next weekend. #1665 (Audio Available)
94. Understanding the historical context will help you appreciate the art in this era. #1664
(Audio Available)
95. She's doing a master's degree by distance learning. #1663 (Audio Available)
96. Numerous courses devoted to life sciences are listed in the prospectus. #1662 (Audio Available)
97. It's obviously vital that companies should fully understand their customers. #1660 (Audio Available)
98. The results of the study challenge previously held assumptions. #1658 (Audio Available)
99. Please make an appointment before attending the next meeting. #1657 (Audio Available)
100. Please make sure you have filled in all your details before submitting. #1656 (Audio Available)
101. Assignments should be submitted to the department office before the deadline. #1655
(Audio Available)
102. Points: Chocolate ... machine ... #1653 (Incomplete)
103. You have to submit projects by the end of this week. #1652 (Audio Available)
104. Points: ... review chapter five discussed on Monday. #58 (Incomplete)
105. You may use your student identification card to borrow books at the library. #1650
(Audio Available)
106. Keeping organized class notes will make study time more efficient. #1646 (Audio Available)
107. In Russia, my colleagues said my written language was hard to understand. #1644
(Audio Available)
108. For further information, you need to contact a member of our administration team. #1643
(Audio Available)
109. Students may not use calculators in the final exams. #1642 (Audio Available)
110. The first draft of the presentation is almost ready. #1641 (Audio Available)
111. The subject is complex and difficult to explain. #1585 (Audio Available)
112. In your introduction, show you understand the question in no more than four sentences. #1584
(Audio Available)
113. Points: The active volcano is the most ... in the world. #1581 (Incomplete)
114. Telecommunication is based on the array of networks. #1548 (Audio Available)
115. My favorite sports are soccer, tennis and basketball. #1508 (Audio Available)

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116. The contemporary literature works have been broadened and extended through interpretation.
#1488 (Audio Available)
117. All students must return the books to the college library before the end of the term. #1451
(Audio Available)
118. Tuition fees will vary according to the field of study. #1449 (Audio Available)
119. Newspapers around the country are reporting the stories of the president. #1431 (Audio Available)
120. Today's lecture is canceled because the lecturer is ill. #1428 (Audio Available)
121. Social work is not the only subject in sociology. #1316 (Audio Available)
122. Collaboration is a feature of a successful company. #1315 (Audio Available)
123. A man who suffered serious brain damage during an operation is suing the hospital. #1227
(Audio Available)
124. The teacher asked the group to commence the task. #1229 (Audio Available)
125. We can discuss education in the tutorial next week. #1216 (Audio Available)
126. Several students raised different examples. #1209 (Audio Available)
127. Please make an appointment with your tutor about work. #1208 (Audio Available)
128. Remember your essay should have less than two thousand words. #1207 (Audio Available)
129. The university policy on plagiarism can be viewed on the website. #1206 (Audio Available)
130. The website has probably the most attractive designs and layouts. #1205 (Audio Available)
131. Mary felt happy when she learned the results of the election. #1201 (Audio Available)
132. Inflation rose by two percent over this time last year. #1186 (Audio Available)
133. The renowned economist is slated to speak this evening. #1177 (Audio Available)
134. The college provides an advice service to support students with financial, emotional and other
problems. #1156 (Audio Available)
135. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil
fertility, and decomposes animal debris. #1149 (Audio Available)
136. There is no point in designing efficient cars if we use them more and more. #1132
(Audio Available)
137. Students should take advantage of the online help system before approaching their lecturers. #1121
(Audio Available)
138. Young children need education and organized activities. #1118 (Audio Available)
139. Points: Australia is the only country who donates ... #1117 (Incomplete)
140. Any textual references you make should be cited appropriately in the footnotes. #461
(Audio Available)
141. Points: You may use your student ID ... #1112 (Incomplete)
142. The brain is our central computer of our bodies. #1110 (Audio Available)
143. Read the safety instructions before using the equipment during the workshop. #1108
(Audio Available)
144. We have three distinctive libraries which are nationally acclaimed. #1091 (Audio Available)
145. Parking permits can be collected through the student service office. #1090 (Audio Available)
146. Tuesday sessions will last for approximately two hours. #1088 (Audio Available)
147. Everyone should get access to art galleries no matter where they live. #1085 (Audio Available)
148. Until you complete the form, you cannot attend. #1084 (Audio Available)
149. There is too much information on this topic. #1083 (Audio Available)
150. Presentation skills are important to both universities and workplaces. #1082 (Audio Available)
151. Major sports on campus include rugby, soccer and tennis. #1081 (Audio Available)
152. It is clear that the effects of climate change will damage the world economy. #1080
(Audio Available)
153. The framework will help pose more research questions systematically. #1079 (Audio Available)

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154. Experience would be an advantage for this managerial role. #1077 (Audio Available)
155. The library is located on the north side of the campus. #1075 (Audio Available)
156. I would like the assignment less than 2000 words. #902 (Audio Available)
157. Biographical information should be removed prior to the publication of the results. #1068
(Audio Available)
158. The United States is the largest chocolate manufacturing country. #1067 (Audio Available)
159. If you forget your password, you need to contact the student center. #1066 (Audio Available)
160. During an official ceremony, a memorandum of understanding was signed by the academic dean.
#1031 (Audio Available)
161. Please be careful when using internet sources. #1030 (Audio Available)
162. If you need help, I can give you a hand in finding a flat. #1022 (Audio Available)
163. The course comprises twenty hours of lectures, seminars and tutorials each week. #1021
(Audio Available)
164. To get further extension, you need to call the education executive on 401. #1020 (Audio Available)
165. Professor Gordon just called me a few minutes ago. #1014 (Audio Available)
166. You need to use a Bunsen burner and a test tube. #1013 (Audio Available)
167. Those students have to retake the module if their marks are too low. #1011 (Audio Available)
168. There won't be any space for me in the car. #1007 (Audio Available)
169. The books are filled with drawings of machines invented when he was a student. #1004
(Audio Available)
170. It is necessary to solve the equation to determine the unknown variable. #1002 (Audio Available)
171. Students can download the lecture handouts from the course website. #975 (Audio Available)
172. Being a vegan means not consuming any animal products. #974 (Audio Available)
173. The university supplies a number of scholarships for those who have specific goals. #919
(Audio Available)
174. Students should take advantage of the internet before attending the lecture. #710
(Audio Available)
175. I would like an egg and tomatoes on white sandwich bread with orange juice. #640
(Audio Available)
176. Applicants for the course preferably have a degree in English or journalism. #516 (Audio Available)
177. Any textual references you make should be cited appropriately in the bibliography. #351
(Audio Available)
178. The cafeteria closes soon but the snack machine is accessible throughout the night. #826
(Audio Available)
179. The technician left the new microscope in the biology lab. #969 (Audio Available)
180. Only those who are over 18 years of age are eligible to open a bank account in our bank. #243
(Audio Available)
181. Ideally, free trade is beneficial to both trading partners. #968 (Audio Available)
182. All applications of internship are available in the office. #967 (Audio Available)
183. In English, the first letters of the months of the year are always capitalized. #931
(Audio Available)
184. A thorough bibliography is needed at the end of every assignment. #961 (Audio Available)
185. Contemporary critics dismissed his idea as eccentric. #960 (Audio Available)
186. You should go to the reception to get your student card. #954 (Audio Available)
187. You must ensure you do not include too much irrelevant information. #953 (Audio Available)
188. You can pay by cash or using a credit card. #951 (Audio Available)
189. We are required to submit the assignment before Friday. #948 (Audio Available)
190. The university supplies a number of scholarships for qualified students. #946 (Audio Available)

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191. The United States has developed a coffee culture in recent years. #945 (Audio Available)
192. The bookstore is located on the main campus behind the library. #943 (Audio Available)
193. Is the hypothesis on black hole rendered moot as the explanation of astrophysics? #939
(Audio Available)
194. In this library, the reserve collection of books can be borrowed for up to three hours. #938
(Audio Available)
195. The number of company bankruptcy skyrocketed in the third quarter. #934 (Audio Available)
196. It is argued that students can learn more in collaborative rather than individual study. #638
(Audio Available)
197. Our capacity to respond to national needs will determine our ability to flourish. #933
(Audio Available)
198. In my free time, I would like to read current affairs and newspapers. #930 (Audio Available)
199. The timetable for next term will be available next week. #913 (Audio Available)
200. Internet provides unusual opportunities for students and current events. #911 (Audio Available)
201. Children can share their lunch at around noon. #910 (Audio Available)
202. I don't like cheese and tomato sandwiches on white bread and orange juice. #907
(Audio Available)
203. If she doesn't speak the language, she's not going to sit around and wait for a translator. #906
(Audio Available)
204. To answer such a complex question with a simple yes or no is absolutely impossible. #905
(Audio Available)
205. Fishing is a sport and a means for surviving. #904 (Audio Available)
206. In eighteen thirty, periodicals appeared in large numbers in America. #903 (Audio Available)
207. Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body. #901 (Audio Available)
208. We will study the following two pictures in the next lecture. #896 (Audio Available)
209. Companies are aiming to earn the money not to change the society. #895 (Audio Available)
210. We need to read the first five chapters to prepare for next week's tutorial. #894 (Audio Available)
211. It is good for the environment also good for your electricity bill. #893 (Audio Available)
212. As a student union member, we can influence the change of the university. #892 (Audio Available)
213. Animals grow larger and stronger to help them to hunt better. #891 (Audio Available)
214. The generic biology technology lab is located at the North Wing of the library. #888
(Audio Available)
215. Don’t hesitate to email me if you have any questions. #883 (Audio Available)
216. It is within the framework that we're making our survey. #870 (Audio Available)
217. The timetable will be posted on the website before the class starts. #868 (Audio Available)
218. It is interesting to observe the development of language skills of toddlers. #866 (Audio Available)
219. In eighteen eighty, cycling became a major phenomenon in Europe. #134 (Audio Available)
220. The hypothesis on black hole is rendered moot as the explanation of the explosion. #103
(Audio Available)
221. We want to attract the very best students regardless of their financial circumstances. #848
(Audio Available)
222. Expertise in particular areas distinguishes you from other graduates in a job interview. #842
(Audio Available)
223. I didn't agree with the author’s argument, but his presentation was good. #825 (Audio Available)
224. Students are competing for every place in the computer courses. #824 (Audio Available)
225. Our school of arts and technology accepts applications at all points throughout the year. #811
(Audio Available)
226. There are a range of housing options near the university. #810 (Audio Available)

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227. All sources of materials must be included in your bibliography. #807 (Audio Available)
228. Negative discourse continues to be predominant in discussion of gender. #806 (Audio Available)
229. Many undergraduate students go back home to stay with their parents after graduation. #788
(Audio Available)
230. Nearly half of television outputs are given away for educational programs. #782 (Audio Available)
231. The minimum mark for Distinction grade is no less than 75%. #780 (Audio Available)
232. Number the beakers and put them away until tomorrow. #775 (Audio Available)
233. Organic food is grown without applying chemicals and the process is without artificial additives.
#768 (Audio Available)
234. I would like tomato and cheese sandwiches on white bread and orange juice. #762
(Audio Available)
235. You can only choose one subject from biology and media. #760 (Audio Available)
236. The student service center is located on the main campus behind the library. #752
(Audio Available)
237. A renowned economist is selected to have a speech tonight at eight. #721 (Audio Available)
238. The hypothesis needs to be tested in a more rigorous way. #713 (Audio Available)
239. Today, we will be discussing the role of government in preventing injustice. #362
(Audio Available)
240. We didn't have any noticeable variance between the two or three tasks. #354 (Audio Available)
241. The theoretical proposal was challenged to grasp. #885 (Audio Available)
242. The cafe will close soon but you can use the snack machine which is running overnight. #878
(Audio Available)
243. Higher fees make students think more critically about what universities can offer. #877
(Audio Available)
244. We are constantly looking for ways to bring industry and agriculture closer together. #875
(Audio Available)
245. Please make sure all workers follow the department guidelines. #872 (Audio Available)
246. Fishing is a sport and a means for survival. #869 (Audio Available)
247. She is an expert of the eighteenth-century French literature. #862 (Audio Available)
248. The Arts Magazine is looking for a new Assistant Editor. #854 (Audio Available)
249. Student loans are now available for international students. #839 (Audio Available)
250. By clicking this button, you agree with the terms and conditions of this website. #838
(Audio Available)
251. Physics is a detailed study of matter and energy. #836 (Audio Available)
252. Would you pass the material text book on the table? #835 (Audio Available)
253. This small Indian state is a land of forests, valleys and snowy islands. #823 (Audio Available)
254. I’m glad you got here safely. #821 (Audio Available)
255. Globalization has been an overwhelming urban and urbanization phenomenon. #816
(Audio Available)
256. Eating too much will do harm to your health. #815 (Audio Available)
257. Conservation is the survival of future generation. #812 (Audio Available)
258. We offer a broad range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses. #804 (Audio Available)
259. To receive the reimbursement, you must keep the original receipts. #799 (Audio Available)
260. The wheelchair lift has been upgraded this month. #793 (Audio Available)
261. The visiting professor is going to give a lecture on geology. #792 (Audio Available)
262. The recent study has thrown out the validity of the argument. #789 (Audio Available)
263. The office said Dr. Smith will arrive later today. #786 (Audio Available)
264. The office opens on Mondays and Thursdays directly following the freshman seminar. #785

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(Audio Available)
265. The first few sentences of an essay should capture the readers' attention. #776 (Audio Available)
266. The current statistical evidence indicates the need of further research. #773 (Audio Available)
267. The author expressed an idea that modern readers inevitably cannot accept. #766
(Audio Available)
268. Sport is the main cause of traumatic brain injuries in the United States. #759 (Audio Available)
269. The resident's hall is closed prior to the closing time of the academic building at the end of the
semester. #756 (Audio Available)
270. Put the knife and fork next to the spoon near the edge of the table. #754 (Audio Available)
271. Please finish all the reading chapters before the field trip. #753 (Audio Available)
272. Most of the assignments should be submitted on the same day. #746 (Audio Available)
273. More females than males graduated from universities last year. #745 (Audio Available)
274. Meeting with tutors could be arranged for students who need additional help. #744
(Audio Available)
275. It’s time to finalize the work before the Wednesday seminar. #740 (Audio Available)
276. I’ve got a tutorial in an hour and I haven’t had any time to prepare for it. #738 (Audio Available)
277. I will be in my office every day from ten to twelve. #736 (Audio Available)
278. I believe children should read aloud more. #733 (Audio Available)
279. Farmers do not always receive fair prices for agricultural goods. #732 (Audio Available)
280. Elephant is the largest land living mammal. #731 (Audio Available)
281. Don’t forget to hand in your assignments by the end of next week. #730 (Audio Available)
282. Doing this research makes me think of the purpose of science. #729 (Audio Available)
283. The context includes both the land history and the human history. #727 (Audio Available)
284. Conferences are always scheduled on the third Wednesday of the month. #725 (Audio Available)
285. Being a student representative on the union really cuts into my study time. #724 (Audio Available)
286. Anyone who has a problem with their accommodation should speak to the welfare officer. #722
(Audio Available)
287. Allergy problems do run in the family, but we don’t understand why. #720 (Audio Available)
288. All students and staff have access to printers and scanners. #718 (Audio Available)
289. All undergraduate students should participate in the seminar. #717 (Audio Available)
290. All necessary information is in the assignment. #716 (Audio Available)
291. A computer virus has destroyed all my files. #702 (Audio Available)
292. You can change your courses on the website during the registration period. #783
(Audio Available)
293. Your watch is fast, you need to reset it. #700 (Audio Available)
294. You can pay using cash or a credit card. #353 (Audio Available)
295. Please do not bring food into the classroom. #708 (Audio Available)
296. Please pass the handouts along to the rest of the people in your row. #699 (Audio Available)
297. I expect a long and stagnant debate for a week or two on this issue. #349 (Audio Available)
298. The politics combine both the legislative and the political authorities. #687 (Audio Available)
299. In marketing short-term thinking leads to many problems. #670 (Audio Available)
300. The gap between the rich and the poor did not decrease rapidly as expected. #669
(Audio Available)
301. The problem with this is that it fails to answer the basic question. #667 (Audio Available)
302. Number the beakers and put them away. #665 (Audio Available)
303. Our university has strong partnerships with industry as well as collaborative relationships with
government bodies. #664 (Audio Available)
304. What distinguishes him from others is his dramatic use of black and white photography. #663

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(Audio Available)
305. In our campus, prospective students had access to thirteen college libraries. #661
(Audio Available)
306. Student discount cards can be used on campus in the coffee house. #659 (Audio Available)
307. Meeting with mentors can be scheduled for students who require additional support. #648
(Audio Available)
308. The US ranks twenty second in foreign aid, given it as a percentage of GDP. #647
(Audio Available)
309. In the 1830s, periodicals appeared in large numbers in America. #645 (Audio Available)
310. You must go to the reception to pick up your student card. #641 (Audio Available)
311. He is almost never in his office. #639 (Audio Available)
312. Leading scientists speculate that numerous planets could support life forms. #637
(Audio Available)
313. The study of archeology requires intensive international fieldwork. #635 (Audio Available)
314. She doesn't even care about anything but what is honest and true. #632 (Audio Available)
315. But they haven't come to widespread use yet. #623 (Audio Available)
316. You can retake the module if your marks are too low. #621 (Audio Available)
317. Please explain what the author means by sustainability. #618 (Audio Available)
318. Hypothetically, insufficient mastery in the areas slows future progress. #616 (Audio Available)
319. Please sort and order the slides of the presentation according to topic and speech time. #614
(Audio Available)
320. In our city, students have access to thirteen college libraries. #611 (Audio Available)
321. Our class is divided into two groups. You come with me, the others stay here. #609
(Audio Available)
322. Does the college refectory offer vegetarian dishes on a daily basis? #607 (Audio Available)
323. All essays and seminar papers submitted must be emailed to your tutor. #313 (Audio Available)
324. No crop responds more readily than careful husbandry and skillful cultivation. #597
(Audio Available)
325. You should raise your concern with the head of school. #596 (Audio Available)
326. You must complete this chapter before going to the field trip. #592 (Audio Available)
327. We need to hand in our assignments by the end of this week. #586 (Audio Available)
328. We are delighted to have professor Robert to join our faculty. #584 (Audio Available)
329. There's an hourly bus service from the campus into town. #572 (Audio Available)
330. There will be a guest lecturer visiting the psychology department next month. #570
(Audio Available)
331. There is no entrance fee for tonight’s lecture. #567 (Audio Available)
332. The tutorial is held on the 8th of April. #560 (Audio Available)
333. The seminar on writing skills has been cancelled. #554 (Audio Available)
334. The School of Arts and Design has an open day on Thursday next week. #553 (Audio Available)
335. The Psychology Department is looking for volunteers to be involved in research projects. #550
(Audio Available)
336. The pharmacy was closed when I went past this morning. #548 (Audio Available)
337. The lecture tomorrow will discuss the educational policies in the United States. #546
(Audio Available)
338. The clear evidence between brain events and behavioral events is fascinating. #541
(Audio Available)
339. The agricultural sector in that country has been heavily subsidized. #525 (Audio Available)
340. Students will not be given credits for assignments submitted after the due date. #522

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(Audio Available)
341. No more than four people can be in the lab at once. #511 (Audio Available)
342. Meteorology is a detailed study of earth’s atmosphere. #509 (Audio Available)
343. It is important to take gender into account when discussing the figures. #502 (Audio Available)
344. If you forgot your student number, you should contact Jenny Brice. #496 (Audio Available)
345. I missed yesterday’s lecture. Can I borrow your notes? #483 (Audio Available)
346. I didn’t understand the author’s point of view on immigration. #479 (Audio Available)
347. He kept giving me suggestive looks. #475 (Audio Available)
348. Reserve collection of books can be borrowed for up to three hours. #467 (Audio Available)
349. Distance learning has become far more popular these days. #463 (Audio Available)
350. A preliminary bibliography is due the week before the spring break. #449 (Audio Available)
351. The topic next week on colonialism will be the nuclear disarmament. #448 (Audio Available)
352. The library is located at the other side of the campus behind the student center. #447
(Audio Available)
353. Residence Hall is closed prior to the academic building closing time in the semester. #446
(Audio Available)
354. Many students are so scared of writing essays, because they never learned how. #442
(Audio Available)
355. In consultation with your supervisor, your thesis is approved by the faculty committee. #440
(Audio Available)
356. The program depends entirely on private funding. #434 (Audio Available)
357. The first person in space was from the Soviet Union. #426 (Audio Available)
358. People with an active lifestyle are less likely to die early or to have a major illness. #424
(Audio Available)
359. I could not save my work as my computer got crashed. #421 (Audio Available)
360. To understand its entity, we need to go back to its origin. #416 (Audio Available)
361. The tutor is there for help, so do ask if you don't understand anything. #413 (Audio Available)
362. Anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures. #411 (Audio Available)
363. The verdict depends on which side was more convincing to the jury. #410 (Audio Available)
364. All the assignments should be submitted by the end of this week. #398 (Audio Available)
365. Even with the permit, finding a parking spot on campus is still impossible. #397 (Audio Available)
366. Please register your student email account at your earliest convenience. #394 (Audio Available)
367. She has been in the library for a long time. #392 (Audio Available)
368. A demonstrated ability to write clear, correct and concise English is obligatory. #444
(Audio Available)
369. Portfolio is due to the internal review office no later than Tuesday. #393 (Audio Available)
370. Due to rising enrollment for courses, universities should increase their staff, too. #429
(Audio Available)
371. Unfortunately, the two most interesting economics electives clash on my timetable. #401
(Audio Available)
372. I think it's a shame that some foreign language teachers were able to graduate from college
without ever having studied with a native speaker. #486 (Audio Available)
373. Basketball was created in 1891 by a physician and physical education instructor. #432
(Audio Available)
374. The original Olympic Games were celebrated as religious festivals. #391 (Audio Available)
375. The real reason for global hunger is not the lack of food, but poverty. #390 (Audio Available)
376. A study skill seminar is on for the students who require assistance. #387 (Audio Available)
377. Eating too much can lead to too many health problems. #385 (Audio Available)

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378. The university celebrated the Earth Day by planting trees. #383 (Audio Available)
379. 39.5% California residents don’t speak English at home. #381 (Audio Available)
380. 39.5% California residents speak a language other than English at home. #379 (Audio Available)
381. I'm glad that you've got it. #375 (Audio Available)
382. Students are afraid of writing an essay, because they have learned nothing about it. #371
(Audio Available)
383. All filed assignments should have a full list of bibliography. #369 (Audio Available)
384. Your enrollment information, results and fees will be available online. #366 (Audio Available)
385. I think the university's main campus is closed. #361 (Audio Available)
386. Just wait a minute, I will be with you shortly. #360 (Audio Available)
387. I still don't understand the last sentence. #355 (Audio Available)
388. The original Olympic game is one kind of original festival. #347 (Audio Available)
389. Rules about breaks and lunch time vary from one company to another. #346 (Audio Available)
390. Company exists for money, not for society. #344 (Audio Available)
391. Acupuncture is a technique involved in traditional Chinese medicine. #342 (Audio Available)
392. Knives and forks should be placed next to the spoon on the edge of the table. #338
(Audio Available)
393. I will now demonstrate how the reaction can be arrested by adding a dilute acid. #336
(Audio Available)
394. However, this method is problematic in terms of accuracy. #332 (Audio Available)
395. Novelists have a major role to play in reflecting their time to their readers. #325 (Audio Available)
396. A periodical is a publication that is issued regularly. #324 (Audio Available)
397. New York City is famous for its ethnic diversity. #323 (Audio Available)
398. The mismatch between the intended and reported uses of the instrument has become clear. #322
(Audio Available)
399. Essays should be typed with double space in white paper. #320 (Audio Available)
400. Students are held accountable for adhering to established community standards. #318
(Audio Available)
401. Students can get access to computers on a daily basis. #311 (Audio Available)
402. Doctor Green's office has been moved to the second floor of the building. #309 (Audio Available)
403. Would you pass the book on the left hand side? #307 (Audio Available)
404. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. #305
(Audio Available)
405. We are not going to accept the assignment after the due date on Friday. #302 (Audio Available)
406. The student welfare officer can help with questions about exam techniques. #299
(Audio Available)
407. International students can get help with locating housing near the university. #287
(Audio Available)
408. In the last few weeks, we've been looking at various aspects of the social history of London. #286
(Audio Available)
409. During the next few centuries, London became one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in
Europe. #284 (Audio Available)
410. A lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work. #283
(Audio Available)
411. Knife and fork should be placed next to the spoon on the edge of the table. #280
(Audio Available)
412. This part of the story is the story of my father. #276 (Audio Available)
413. If you want to quit the student union, tell the registrar. #272 (Audio Available)

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414. I'll start with a brief history of the district, and then focus on life in the first half of the twentieth
century. #285 (Audio Available)
415. The medical center is located near the supermarket on North Street. #321 (Audio Available)
416. The glass is not a true solid, because it doesn't have crystal structure. #372 (Audio Available)
417. The minimal mark for distinction is 75%. #377 (Audio Available)
418. Make sure you correctly cite all your sources. #264 (Audio Available)
419. At night, sailors in the Mediterranean can see the glow from the fiery molten material that is thrown
into the air. #235 (Audio Available)
420. English is expanding as a lingua-franca but not as a mother tongue. #221 (Audio Available)
421. Higher numbers of patients were infected than during previous outbreaks of the illness. #208
(Audio Available)
422. By the way, if you want more information about any of the trips, have a look in the student
newspaper. #202 (Audio Available)
423. Students should take advantage of the online resources before attending the lecture. #521
(Audio Available)
424. I won't be able to attend the lecture because I have a doctor appointment. #478 (Audio Available)
425. The initial results are intriguing, but statistically speaking, they are insignificant. #358
(Audio Available)
426. New timetables will be posted on the student noticeboard. #183 (Audio Available)
427. All students are encouraged to vote in the forthcoming elections. #170 (Audio Available)
428. Surprisingly, some people actually enjoy watching advertisements on television. #190
(Audio Available)
429. He needs to talk to you about your industrial architecture class. #94 (Audio Available)
430. The lecture on child psychology has been postponed until Friday. #72 (Audio Available)
431. Even during leisure time you can hear attempts to persuade or influence. #46 (Audio Available)
432. Factors such as cost and function influence the design of a bridge. #40 (Audio Available)
433. Marketing involves many activities, including doing research, developing products and promoting
them. #31 (Audio Available)
434. There are several reasons for population growth, such as better education. #30 (Audio Available)
435. My parents didn't have a good education so they were determined that I would. #21
(Audio Available)
436. Please come to the next seminar properly prepared. #3 (Audio Available)
437. An understanding of persuasive techniques should help you recognise their use. #92
(Audio Available)
438. One theory says that dreams help the long-term memory. #17 (Audio Available)
439. Next time, we'll discuss the influence of the media on public policy. #1 (Audio Available)
440. There is a lot of sugar in many fast foods. #65 (Audio Available)
441. Often, the point of the advertisements is to raise awareness rather than give information. #95
(Audio Available)

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Describe Image
1. Supply Chain Management

Answer:
The following graph gives information about supply chain management. It shows how the process is
done. The steps include raw materials, components and manufacturer. According to this graph, the fist
step is to collect raw materials and turn them to components with machine. Followed by that, the
second step is to send components to the manufacturer and make products of them there. You can see
from this graph that the third step is to send products to the retailer. The final step is to sell products to
consumers. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #191)

2. Assessment (Incomplete)
Points: 'Assessment' may be 'Dissertation'
(APEUni Website / App DI #904)

3. EU (Incomplete)
Points: A table about EU.
(APEUni Website / App DI #903)

4. Tax and Payroll

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about payroll and superannuation in recent years. The items
include countries like Australia, Austria, and Denmark. According to this graph, in Australia, the value is
around sixteen point six percent, and that of Austria is the same. You can see from this graph that the
lowest value is in Denmark, which is eight percent. You can also see from this graph that the weighted
average is thirteen percent. In conclusion, Both Australia and Austria have the highest percentage.
(APEUni Website / App DI #902)

5. Wasted Food

Answer:
The following graph gives information about wasted food in UK. The items include saved, recycled and
thrown away. According to this graph, in distribution and retail, the value of saved food is around one
megaton, and that of household including to drain is higher which is around two megaton. You can see
from this graph that the highest value of thrown away food is in household including to drain, which is
eight megatons. You can also see from this graph that the highest value of saved food is in food and
drink manufacturing waste. In conclusion, hospitality sector has the second highest amount of thrown
away food.
(APEUni Website / App DI #726)

6. Kitchen

Answer:

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The following graph gives information about a kitchen. This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows a
number of things. According to this graph, in the central area, there is a square table with four chairs;
the color of it is green. You can see from this graph that, in the right area, there is a refrigerator; the
color of it is white. You can see from this graph that, in the background, there are some cupboards, the
color of those are pink. There is also a sink and a gas cooker. And an oven is beside the refrigerator. In
conclusion, this picture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #725)

7. Volunteer Expenses

Answer:
The following graph gives information about volunteers who incurred expenses. The items include
postage, phone calls, and uniform. According to this graph, in meals, the value of reimbursement is
around sixteen percent, and that of phone calls is higher, which is around nineteen percent. You can see
from this graph that the highest value of reimbursement is in postage, which is thirty-seven. You can
also see from this graph that the lowest value of reimbursement is uniform. In conclusion, this bar chart
is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #721)

8. Floor Plan

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the floor plan. Usages of different areas are displayed on

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the map. In the upper area, there are the bedroom and the living room. In the lower left corner, there is a
bathroom with a closet next to it. According to this graph, the kitchen is next to the closet on the right
side. In addition, there is a balcony next to the kitchen. In conclusion, the floor plan is shown on the
map.
(APEUni Website / App DI #718)

9. Honey Production

Answer:
The following graph gives information about honey production by state in Mexico. The items include
central zone, northern zone, and southern zone. You can see from this graph that the value of northern
zone is around one to three percent. You can see from this graph that the value of southern zone is
around three to ten percent, which is higher. You can see from this graph that the value of central zone
is around ten to sixteen percent, which is the highest. You can see from this graph that the value of
eastern zone is around ten to sixteen percent, which is the highest, too. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #717)

10. Production Map (Incomplete)


Points: A map of Africa (Asia?), in which different things are produced in different areas. Himalayas is
above, woods in the right upper corner, cotton in the middle, and ...
(APEUni Website / App DI #714)

11. Diamond Production

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Answer:
The following pie chart gives information about diamond production by value. The items include Russia,
Botswana, Canada, and other countries. According to this graph, the value of Canada is around fourteen
percent, and that of others is higher, which is eighteen percent. You can see from this graph that the
highest value is Russia, which is around twenty-six percent. You can also see from this graph that the
lowest value is South Africa, which is around eight percent. In conclusion, the countries produce so much
diamond.
(APEUni Website / App DI #713)

12. Age Group (B)

Answer:
The following graph gives information about percentages by age and sex. The items include age groups,
female and male. According to this graph, in male, the value of eighty-five plus is around zero point
seven, and that of seventy-five to eighty-four is higher, which is around three. You can see from this
graph that the highest value of female is in twenty-five to thirty-four, which is sixteen point five. You
can also see from this graph that the value of less than four is seven point eight. In conclusion, eighty-
five plus has the lowest percentage of population in female.
(APEUni Website / App DI #577)

13. European Countries

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about Europe. Positions of different countries are displayed on the
map. At the central area, there are Austria, Germany, Poland and Czechia. In the left area, there are
Ireland and Portugal. According to this graph, the largest country is Russia, which is located on the right
side. In comparison, small countries include Denmark and Belgium. In conclusion, there are many
European countries shown on the map.
(APEUni Website / App DI #576)

14. Household Budget

Answer:
The following graph gives information about average weekly household expenditure. According to this
graph, the items include food, medical, transport, and holidays. You can see from this graph that the
value of food is one hundred and twenty-three. And the value of medical care is fifty. The value of
transport is one hundred and twenty-four. According to this graph, the value of holiday is thirty-three.
As you can also see that the value of housing is one hundred and sixty-four. In conclusion, this graph is
very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #575)

15. Fast Food Times

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about fast food times a week. The items include everyday, once a
week, and never. According to this graph, in several times a week, the value of July two thousand and
three is around seventeen percent, and that of twenty thirteen is lower, which is around sixteen percent.
You can see from this graph that the highest value of December two thousand and six is in about once a
week, around thirty-three percent. You can also see from this graph that the lowest value of July twenty
thirteen is in every day, around three percent. In conclusion, Americans usually eat fast food.
(APEUni Website / App DI #572)

16. Fast Food Consumption

Answer:
The following graph gives information about fast food consumption by meal. The items include
breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack. According to this graph, in breakfast, the value is around twenty-
two point seven percent, and that of snack is lower, which is around twenty-two point six percent. You
can see from this graph that the highest value of lunch is forty-three point seven. You can also see from
this graph that the second highest value of dinner is forty-two percent. In conclusion, fast food
consumption has four kinds.
(APEUni Website / App DI #571)

17. Richest Countries or Regions

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about which economies are really richest. The items include
Switzerland, the United States, and Hong Kong. According to this graph, in Australia, the value of
average wealth is around four hundred thousand dollars, and that of Netherland is lower, which is around
three hundred thousand dollars. You can see from this graph that the lowest value of median wealth is in
Denmark, which is one hundred thousand dollars. You can also see from this graph that the highest value
of median wealth is Australia. In conclusion, Switzerland has the highest rank.
(APEUni Website / App DI #570)

18. Most Powerful Passports

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the world's most powerful passports. The items include
countries' names, their ranks and visa-free countries' numbers. According to this graph, in the first row,
the value of Japan is one hundred and ninety-three. And in the second row, the value of Singapore is
one hundred and ninety-two. You can see from this graph that the third highest value is in South Korea,
which is one hundred and ninety-one. You can also see from this graph that the lowest value is in
Luxembourg, which is one hundred and ninety. In conclusion, Japan has the most powerful passport.
(APEUni Website / App DI #566)

19. GNH

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about Gross National Happiness. Information of different areas
are displayed on the map. In the central area, there is a large circle named GNH. There are many small
circles surrounding the large circle. According to this graph, these small circles are health, time use,
education, good governance, community vitality, living standards, psychological wellbeing and cultural
diversity and resilience. And these small circles are respectively red, green, purple, blue, brown, and so
on. In conclusion, there are many factors in Gross National Happiness.
(APEUni Website / App DI #565)

20. Bermuda Triangle

Answer:
The following graph gives information about Bermuda Triangle in Atlantic. Information of different areas
are displayed on the map. In the central area, there is a light blue triangle named Bermuda, whose points
are at Florida peninsula, Puerto Rico, and Bermuda islands. In the left area, there is Gulf of Mexico and
Tropic of Cancer runs through it. According to this graph, the largest area is the mainland of America. In
comparison, Caribbean Sea is south to Cuba. In conclusion, there are many seas and islands shown on
the map.
(APEUni Website / App DI #563)

21. Plastic Bottle Recycling

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about plastic bottle recycling. The steps include new bottles,
refilling, used bottles and plastic processing, and . According to this graph, the first step is newly-
produced bottles, which are empty. According to this graph, the second step is to fill the empty bottles
with beverage. You can see from this graph that the third step is to open the bottles and drink up it,
followed by the forth step is to transport used bottles back to the factory and use them as materials.
The final step is the plastic materials turn into new bottles waiting for refilling. In conclusion, this graph
is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #558)

22. Litchfield Population

Answer:
The following graph gives information about Litchfield population. The horizontal axis is the years,
ranging from nineteen o one to twenty eleven. According to this graph, in the year of nineteen eleven,
the value is around eight thousand. And according to this graph, in the year of nineteen forty-one, the
value is around ten thousand. The highest value is around thirty-two thousand five hundred, which is in
twenty eleven. On the contrary, the lowest value is seven thousand, which is in nineteen o one. In
conclusion, if this trend continues, the Litchfield population will keep rising in the future.
(APEUni Website / App DI #330)

23. Main Hall

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about a floor plan. The items include a main hall, an office, a
kitchen and toilets. You can see from this graph that there is a main hall, which is in the upper area of
the plan. You can see from this graph that there are toilets for males and females,which are on the
right of the plan. You can see from this graph that there is a toilet for the handicapped,which is in the
bottom right corner with a sign of wheelchair. You can see from this graph that there are a kitchen in
the bottom left corner and an office in the middle of the plan. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #553)

24. Stationery Shopping (Incomplete)


Points: Two pictures. The left: in a stationery store, a white woman in pink sweater with her daughter in
the arms, and the daughter with a pink bag on the back. The right: the daughter with the bag in the
arms and pens in the hand standing in the stationery store alone.
(APEUni Website / App DI #552)

25. Recycling

Answer:
The following graph gives information about different types of recycling. The items include thermal
recycling, chemical recycling, and material recycling. You can see from this graph that, in unrecycling,
the value is around one point eighty-five million tons. You can see from this graph that, in material

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recycling, the value is around two million tons, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in
thermal recycling, the value is around five point two million tons,which is the highest. You can also see
from this graph that, in chemical recycling, the value is around zero point thirty-eight million tons, which
is the lowest. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #551)

26. Renewable Energy

Answer:
The following graph gives information about renewable energy. The items include heating and cooling,
transport and power. You can see from this graph that there are two thermometers in heating and
cooling,which is fifty-one percent with ten percent renewable energy in it. You can see from this graph
that there are a ship and a plane in transport,which is thirty-two with three percent renewable energy
in it. You can see from this graph that there is a plug in power,which is seventeen with twenty-six
renewable energy in it. You can see from this graph that there is an arrow below power,which means
an increase of the share of renewable energy. It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #550)

27. Internet Users

Answer:
The following graph gives information about internet users who accessed via mobile phone. The items

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include sixteen to twenty-four, fifty-five to sixty-four, and sixty-five plus. You can see from this graph
that, in forty-five to fifty-four, the value is around thirty-two percent. You can see from this graph that,
in thirty-five to forty-four, the value is around fifty, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in
sixteen to twenty-four, the value is around seventy percent,which is the highest. You can also see from
this graph that, in sixty-five plus, the value is around eight percent, which is the lowest. In conclusion,
this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #549)

28. Ship Lock

Answer:
The following graph gives information about how a ship lock works. It shows how the process is done.
The items include a ship lock, a ship, dams, and pipes under the bottom. You can see from this graph
that the first step is that the upstream gate opens and the ship goes into the lock. You can see from this
graph that the second step is that the upstream gate closes and the water level evens. You can see
from this graph that the third step is that the downstream gate opens and the ship moves out of the
lock. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #548)

29. Historic Gardens

Answer:
The following graph gives information about historic garden noticeboard. The items include icons,

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characters and background. You can see from this graph that there is a notice board,which is saying
'please respect and enjoy these historic gardens' with black characters. You can see from this graph
that there is a notice board,which has three red icons and one green icon on it. You can see from this
graph that there are forbidden icons,which say 'no cycling', 'no drinking' and 'no football'. You can see
from this graph that there is a permitted activity on the board,which is a guide dog. It’s a beautiful
picture and it shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #543)

30. Mosquito Life Cycle

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the mosquito life cycle. It shows how the process is done.
The items include adult, eggs, larva and pupa. You can see from this graph that the first step is the
adult laying eggs into water. You can see from this graph that the second step is eggs developing as the
larva below the water surface. You can see from this graph that the third step is the larva developing as
the pupa. You can see from this graph that the next step is the adult emerging on the water surface.
The final step is a new fully developed adult flying out of water. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #372)

31. Ice Thickness

Answer:

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The following graph gives information about minimal ice thickness guidelines. The items include an adult,
a kid, a car and a truck. You can see from this graph that, in the kid, the value of ice thickness is around
four inches. You can see from this graph that, in the sled, the value of ice thickness is around five to
seven inches, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in the green truck, the value of ice
thickness is around twelve to fifteen inches,which is the highest. You can also see from this graph that,
in the adult, the value of ice thickness is around zero, which is the lowest. In conclusion, this graph is
very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #542)

32. Disadvantaged Backgrounds of Students

Answer:
The following graph gives information about percentage of students from disadvantaged backgrounds
entering university in England. The items include years and student percentages. You can see from this
graph that the value of two thousand and seven is around twelve percent. You can see from this graph
that the value of two thousand and eight is around thirteen percent, which is higher. You can see from
this graph that the value of twenty fourteen is around eighteen, which is the highest. You can see from
this graph that the value of two thousand and six is around eleven percent, which is the lowest. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #526)

33. World Population Density (B)

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about world population density. The items include Asia, Africa,
America and Europe. You can see from this graph that the values of central Europe and some eastern
areas of the United States are around 350 people per square kilometer. You can see from this graph
that the values of coastal areas of north Africa, southeast Asia and Turkey are around 400, which are
higher. You can see from this graph that the values of eastern China and India are around 700 people
per square kilometer, which is the highest. You can see from this graph that the values of Antarctic,
northern Russia and the inland area of Australia are around 0, which is the lowest. In conclusion, this
graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #505)

34. Dining Table

Answer:
The following graph gives information about people at dining table. The items include tableware, table
and food. You can see from this graph that there is a brown table,which is made of wood and
surrounded by adults and babies. You can see from this graph that there is a lot of tableware on the
table,which includes forks and knives. You can see from this graph that there are some drinks,which
are water, orange juice and wine. You can see from this graph that there is some salad in a glass
bowl,which is in the middle of the table. It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #504)

35. Wash Your Hands

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the way hands are washed. It shows how the process is
done. The items include 'rub fingertips', 'rub palms with fingers interlaced', and 'rinse with water', and so
on. You can see from this graph that the first step is to wet the hands. You can see from this graph that
the second step is to take liquid soap. You can see from this graph that the third step is to rub hands to
lather. You can see from this graph that the next step is to rub hand backs. You can see from this
graph that the next step is to rub thumbs. The final step is to rinse well with running water. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #503)

36. Personal Protection

Answer:
The following graph gives information about personal protection. The items include a worker, helmets
and rubber boots. You can see from this graph that there is a worker wearing a yellow helmet and a pair
of brown gloves, who is standing in the middle of the graph. You can see from this graph that there is a
pair of goggles on the face of the worker, which protects his eyes. You can see from this graph that
there is a pair of earplugs worn by the worker, which protects his ears. You can see from this graph that
there is a blue T-shirt worn by the worker, which is under the yellow overall. You can see from this
graph that there is a pair of rubber boots worn by the worker, which protects his feet. It’s a beautiful
picture and it shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #493)

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37. Fruits and Vegetables Market

Answer:
The following graph gives information about a fruit and vegetable Market. The items include market
stalls, products, traders and customers. You can see from this graph that there are bunches of bananas,
which are yellow and piled next to green grapes on the stall. You can see from this graph that there is a
woman standing in front of the stall, who is buying some green vegetables, with a black plastic bag on
the left arm. You can see from this graph that there are many basins,which are red and blue, and put
on the electronic balances. It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph
is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #466)

38. Coffee House

Answer:
The following graph gives information about a coffee house. The items include sale clerks, customers
and the counter. You can see from this graph that there is a coffee house,which is bright with sunshine
through big windows. You can see from this graph that there is a female sales clerk in white and
black,who is smiling and taking a customer's order on an Ipad. You can see from this graph that there
is a male customer,who is wearing glasses with black rims and a blue T-shirt. You can see from this
graph that there are some coffee facilities including cabinets and coffee makers, which are behind the
sale clerks It’s a beautiful picture and it shows a lot of things. In conclusion, this graph is very

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informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #464)

39. Music Revenues

Answer:
The following line chart gives information about music revenues by dollars from 1977 to 2017. According
to the line chart, the blue area means the physical revenue, which drops from sixteen billion in nineteen
seventy eight to nine billion in nineteen eighty two, before reaching the highest point, twenty two billion
in two thousand. Then the green area means the digital revenue, which rises from zero in two thousand
and five to seven billion in twenty seventeen. In conclusion, we can find the physical revenue is always
higher than the digital revenue. The following graph gives information about music revenues by dollars
from 1977 to 2017. The items include physical revenue in blue and digital revenue in green. You can see
from this graph that, in physical revenue, the value of nineteen seventy eight is around sixteen billion.
You can see from this graph that, in physical revenue, the value of two thousand is around twenty two
billion, which is higher. You can see from this graph that, in digital revenue, the value of two thousand
and five is around zero, which is the lowest. You can see from this graph that, in digital revenue, the
value of twenty seventeen is around seven billion, which is the highest. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #252)

40. A Food Chain

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about a food chain. It shows how the process is done. The items
include bees, small fish, bear, and a tree. You can see from this graph that the first step is bees feeding
on flowers of the tree. You can see from this graph that the second step is small fish feeding on bees.
You can see from this graph that the third step is a bear feeding on fish and a fish skeleton remaining.
You can see from this graph that the next step is the dead bear decaying into a skeleton. The final step
is dead bear nourishing the tree. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #463)

41. Upper Arms (B)

Answer:
The following graph gives information about different species' upper limbs. The items include human
arm, seal limb, bird wing, and bat wing. You can see from this graph that, in human, hand, wrist and
fingers are smaller than those in seal limb. You can see from this graph that, in bird wing, radius and
ulna are thin and short. You can see from this graph that, in bat wing, humerus is thinner than that in
seal limb. You can see from this graph that, in bat wing, there is a wing membrane connecting fingers. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #461)

42. Grape Fruits

Answer:

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The following graph gives information about how the fruits grapes come to customers. According to the
graph, the first step is purple grapes ripening on the vine, followed by the second step, in which the
grapes are loaded onto a truck and transported. After that, the third step is the grapes conveyed on a
conveyer belt, followed by the fourth step, in which the grapes are stowed into a brown paper box as its
package. The final step is the grapes loaded in a cart, which means the grapes reach customers. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #449)

43. South American Rainforest

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the rain forest distribution in South America. According to
this graph, the largest part of rain forest is in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Suriname, which is tropical
rain forest, coloured with light green. We can also see a narrow, long stretch of tropical rain forest lying
along the eastern coast of South America, next to Atlantic Ocean. And aother stretch is located along
the northwest coast of South America, next to Pacific Ocean. We see temperate rain forests in Chile, the
southmost area of South America, coloured with dark green. In conclusion, this is an informative map.
(APEUni Website / App DI #448)

44. UK Income by Age&Gender

Answer:
The following line chart gives information of median pre-tax income by age and gender in the UK.

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According to the graph we can see three lines, in which the blue one is male, the red one both, and the
green one female. We can see male rises from 12 thousand at under 20, reaches the highest point of 30
thousand at 45 to 49, and falls to the lowest point of 18 thousand at 70 to 74. We can also see female
rises from 11 thousand, reaches the highest point of 21 thousand at 30 to 34, and falls to the lowest
point of 15 thousand at and over. Finally both reaches the highest point of 25 thousand at 35 to 39, and
falls to the lowest point of 17 thousand at and over. In conclusion female is the lower than both, with
both lower than male.
(APEUni Website / App DI #432)

45. Product Life Cycle

Answer:
This line chart gives the information about product life cycle, in which sales vary in different periods of
time. There are four phases in the line chart, which are intro, growth, maturity and decline. In intro, sales
rise from zero, followed by growth, in which sales keep rising. In maturity, sales reach the highest point,
and then in decline, sales begin to drop gradually. In conclusion, this line chart gives very thorough
information about product life cycle.
(APEUni Website / App DI #430)

46. Computer Then and Now

Answer:
This picture gives a comparison between computer then and now. In the left half, there is a primitive

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computer with a black and white screen, a green keyboard, and a black panel, which is very cumbersome
and can only be placed on the ground. In the right half, there is a modern computer with a blue screen, a
black keyboard and a black mouse, which is light-weight and is also called desktop. In conclusion, this
picture about computer then and now is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #428)

47. Water Cycle

Answer:
The following graph gives information about water cycle in nature. It shows how the process is done.
The steps include evaporation, transportation, precipitation and surface run-off. According to this graph,
the first step is evaporation in the sun, with water forming clouds into the sky from the blue sea. The
second step is clouds' transportation into the sky above green and grey mountains, followed by the third
step of precipitation, in which water forms surface run-offs. The final step is surface run-offs going to
the sea. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #423)

48. Germination

Answer:
This picture gives information about the process of germination. In the first step, a seed is buried in the
soil, before it develops its green embryo in the second step. In the third step, the seed coat begins to
peel off and the black root begins to grow. After that, the light green cotyledon can be seen and the

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seed rises from the soil. Finally, the dark green foliage leaves grow. In conclusion, this picture tells how a
seed grows.
(APEUni Website / App DI #421)

49. Penguin

Answer:
The following graph gives information about heights of penguins. According to this graph, emperor is the
tallest, which is about 1.2 meters tall. After that, the second tallest penguin is king, which is about 1
meter. The third tallest penguin is gentoo, then chinstrap and macaroni. The smallest penguin is adelie,
which is less than 0.7 meter tall. In conclusion, this graph compares the heights of several kinds of
penguin.
(APEUni Website / App DI #409)

50. Journeys in the UK

Answer:
The following graph gives information about journeys made in the UK in 2006 according to their
purpose. The items include walking, education, shopping, personal business, school run, day trip, sport,
entertainment, and commuting. According to this graph, in walking, the value of men and women are
around 4%. You can see from this graph that the highest value of women is in shopping, which is 23%,
and the highest value of men is in commuting and business, which is 23%. In conclusion, men and
women have the lowest value in holiday and day trip, which around 3%.

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APEUni PTE Monthly Priority Materials Practice PTE with AI scoring at www.apeuni.com

(APEUni Website / App DI #407)

51. Number of Texts

Answer:
The following graph gives information about adults versus teens, number of texts on a typical day. The
items include None, one to ten, eleven to twenty, twenty-one to fifty and one hundred and one plus. You
can see from this graph that, in None, the value of adults is around 9%. You can see from this graph
that, in None, the value of teens is around 2%, which is lowest. You can see from this graph that, in one
to ten, the value of adults is around 51%, which is the highest. You can see from this graph that, in
eleven to twenty, the value of teens is around 11%, which is the second lowest. In conclusion, this graph
is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #397)

52. Auditorium

Answer:
The following graph gives information about an auditorium. This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows
a number of things. According to this graph, there are seven columns of seats, which are red. Followed
by that, there is a small dais standing in front of the seating area. You can see from this graph that the
indoor lighting is very bright. You can also see from this graph that there is a big and white projection
screen behind the dais. There are six windows in the walls. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #394)

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53. Commuting Time

Answer:
The following graph gives information about commuting time in different regions in Britain, 2014. The
items include London, Yorkshire, South east, North west, and South west. According to this graph, in
London, the value of the commuting time is around 107 minutes, which is the highest value. You can see
from this graph that the second highest value of the commuting time is in East of England, which is 71.
The lowest value of commuting time is in South west, which is around 56. In conclusion, London has the
highest value of commuting time.
(APEUni Website / App DI #350)

54. China Age Group

Answer:
The following graph gives information about age group in China. The items include male, female, age
group, and the population. According to this graph, in male, the population of age from 20 to 24 is
around 52 million, and that of age from 0 to 4 is lower, which is around 45 million. You can see from
this graph that the highest population of age from 80 to 84 is in female, which is around 10 million. You
can also see from this graph that the lowest population of age from 90 to 94 is in male, which is around
0.5 million. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #338)

55. Tomato Life Cycle

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about how a tomato seed can become a tomato plant. It shows
how the process is done. The steps include tomato seed, a young plant, a mature plant, a flower, and a
fruit. According to this graph, the first step is tomato seed, which is in a tomato fruit cut in half.
According to this graph, the second step is to become a young tomato plant, which is green. You can
see from this graph that the third step a mature tomato plant with green leaves rooted in brown soil,
followed by a flower as the fourth step. The final step is a red fruit that comes out of the flower, and the
cycle will start over. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #337)

56. Palm Oil Production

Answer:
The following line chart gives information about palm oil production of Indonesia and Malaysia.
According to the line chart, we can see the red line of Indonesia rises from the lowest point, about 5
million tones in 1997/1998, to the highest point, about 18 million tons in 2007/2008. We can also see
the blue line of Malaysia rises from the lowest point, about 8.5 million tons in 1997/1998, to the highest
point, about 16 million tons in 2007/2008. And Malaysia is always higher than Indonesia until
2005/2006. After that, Indonesia is higher than Malaysia. In conclusion, this chart is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #308)

57. Laboratory Plan

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the graduation laboratory. Data of different areas are
displayed on the map. At the central area, there are storage and toilets. At the left area, there are animal
sciences. According to this graph, the largest area is plant sciences. In comparison, the smallest area is
office. In conclusion, there are computer station and meeting room shown on the map.
(APEUni Website / App DI #301)

58. Temperature and Precipitation

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the monthly temperature and precipitation. The data on
precipitation and temperature are displayed. According to this graph, the highest value is the
temperature of 70 degree, which is in July. On the contrary, the lowest value is the temperature of 20
degree, which is in January. You can see from this graph that the largest proportion is precipitation of 5
inch, which is in June You can also see from this graph that the smallest proportion is precipitation of 1
inch, which is in February. In conclusion, June has the highest number of precipitation.
(APEUni Website / App DI #286)

59. Forest Annual Change

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the annual change in forest area by region. Data of different
areas are displayed on the map. The items include net gain, states, and net loss, According to this
graph, the largest areas of forest gain in the 1990-2000 year are in Asia. In comparison, the smallest
areas of the net gain in 1990-2000 are in Africa. You can see from this graph that the largest areas of
net loss in 1990-2000 are in Africa. In conclusion, the area of the net gain in Asia is much larger than
that of the net loss.
(APEUni Website / App DI #284)

60. Teaching Career

Answer:
The following graph gives information about teaching as a career. The items include final year student
who wants to be a teacher, graduate students working in teaching, employed in the teaching field.
According to this graph, the value of final year students who want to be a teacher is around 1%. And the
value of graduate students working in teaching is around7%, which is higher. You can see from this
graph that the highest value is in employed in the teaching field, which is around 95%. You can also see
from this graph that the lowest value is in final year students who want to be a teacher, which is
around1%. In conclusion, employed in the teaching field has the highest teaching as a career.
(APEUni Website / App DI #209)

61. World Population Development

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about world population development from 1750 to 2050 in
developing and industrialized countries. Form the graph we can see that the population in developing
countries has remained stable in 1 billion from 1750 to 1900, after that it witnessed a dramatic increase
to 10 billion until 2050. . However, for industrialized countries, it remained at a relatively low level
throughout the years, which is around 1 billion. In conclusion, while developing countries have undergone
a sharp population increase, the population in industrialized countries has seen little change.
(APEUni Website / App DI #79)

62. Arousal Level

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the relationship between arousal level and performance
quality. The blue line represents the difficult tasks, and the red line represents the easy tasks. It is clear
that when the arousal level and performance quality start at a low level, boredom or apathy. Then
difficult tasks reach the highest point called the optimal level earlier than easy tasks. After that the two
lines drop to the lowest point called high anxiety. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #110)

63. AIDS Cases

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about aids cases. The items include male, female, and the number
of aids cases. According to this graph, at the age of 0 to 4, the value of male is around 2000, and that
of the female is lower, which is around 1500. You can see from this graph that the highest value of male
is at the age of 25 to 29, which is 8000.. You can also see from this graph that the highest value of the
female is at the age of 25 to 29. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #44)

64. Australian Population Density 1

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the Australian population density. Data of different areas
are displayed on the map, based on statistical local area boundaries, with one dot equal to one thousand
people. According to this graph, the most densely populated cities are Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne
which are located in southeast coast, followed by eastern Australia's Brisbane, southern Australia's
Adelaide, Hobart, western Australia's Perth, northern Australia's Darwin. In comparison, the most sparsely
populated areas are the vast outback in the middle of the continent. In conclusion, the most highly
populated areas are in the southeast coast.
(APEUni Website / App DI #33)

65. Projected Population

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Answer:
The line chart shows the projected population in Australia in millions. .According to the chart, the series
A has increased dramatically from 20 in 2001 to 65 in 2101. Following that, series B has increased
moderately from 20 to 45, from 2001 to 2101. However, series C has increased slowly from 20 to 35
over the same period. In conclusion, the projected population in Australia is expected to increase in the
coming years.
(APEUni Website / App DI #533)

66. Income Proportion

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of income adult and children spent on 4
common items in the UK in 1998. The items include food, music, and video. According to this graph, in
adults, the value of food is around 25. And in children, the value of food is around 10, which is lower.
You can see from this graph that the highest value of food is around 39, which is in women. You can
also see from this graph that the lowest value of videos is around 0.5, which is in women. In conclusion,
this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #521)

67. Customer Satisfaction

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the process flow chart. It shows how the process is done.
The steps include initial stage, presentation, and signing of the contract. According to this graph, the
first step is the initial stage. Followed by that, the second step questions and presentation. You can see
from this graph that the third step is the signing of the contract . You can also see from this graph that
the next step is construction. Followed by that, the next step is handling over after completion. Followed
by that, the next step defects liability period. The final step is customer satisfaction. In conclusion, this
graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #497)

68. Household Energy

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the average household energy consumption. The items
include other appliances, water heating, cooking and so on. According to this graph, the proportion of
other appliances is around 24%, and that of water heating is lower, which is around 23%. You can see
from this graph that the highest proportion is other appliances, which is around 24%. You can also see
from this graph that the lowest proportion is cooking and stand by, which is around 5%. In conclusion,
other appliances have the highest proportion of average household energy consumption.
(APEUni Website / App DI #481)

69. Food Pyramid

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Answer:
​This picture shows the pyramid of food. At the bottom of the pyramid, we can see water, which is the
most essential to human bodies. Above water, on the second layer of the pyramid, we can see fruits,
bread, and cereals. Above the fruits, bread, and cereals., there is a milk, cheese and meat level. Above
the milk products and meat, we can see junk food, which at the top of the pyramid. In conclusion, this
graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #538)

70. Educational Activities

Answer:
This picture gives information about percent of university and college students who did educational
activities, by the hour of the day on weekdays from 12 am to 11 pm. According to the picture, for full-
time students in blue, the largest figure can be found at around 12 pm, which is around 36%, and the
smallest figure can be found at around 3 am which is around 0. For part-time students in green, the
largest and smallest figure can be found at 10 am and 3 am respectively, which is 20% and 0
respectively. In conclusion, no one is studying at 3 am.
(APEUni Website / App DI #434)

71. ITunes Purchased Songs

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Answer:
​This line graph contains the information about songs purchased on iTunes, depending on week number
from week 0 to week 150, measured in million songs. The song purchased in week 0 is 1 million and at
first, the increase is gradual, and the number of songs achieves about 100 million in week 60. After that,
the increase becomes much more rapid and the number quickly doubles and reaches 200 in week 80.
Over the last 30 weeks from week 120 to week 150, the number of songs rapidly increases from 500
million to 1000 million. In conclusion, this graph gives very thorough information about iTunes purchased
songs.
(APEUni Website / App DI #427)

72. Cell Phone Use in Anytowne

Answer:
The following graph gives information about cell phone use in Anytown. The items include men, women,
and the year. The horizontal axis is the year, ranging from 1996 to 2002. According to this graph, in
1996, the value of both sexes is around 3000, and that of men is lower, which is around 1500. According
to this graph, the highest value of both sexes is around 3500, which is in 2002. According to this graph,
the lowest value of women is around 1500, which is in 2000. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #416)

73. Coal-produced Energy

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of energy produced from coal in four
European countries from 1995 t0 2010. The items include the month, France, and Germany. The
horizontal axis is the year, ranging from 1995 to 2010. According to this graph, in 1995, the proportion of
France is around 30, and that of Denmark is higher, which is around 60. According to this graph, the
highest proportion of France is around 30, which is in 1995. According to this graph, the lowest value of
Denmark is around 10, which is in 2010. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #412)

74. Maslow's Hierarchy

Answer:
​The pyramid shows Maslow’s pyramid with different levels of needs. Form the top to the bottom; we can
see there are 5 kinds of needs, which are self-actualization, esteem needs, belongingness and love
needs, safety needs, and physiological needs. Specifically, safety needs include security and safety and
belongingness and love needs include intimate relationships and friends. Apart from that, we can also
see from the right-hand side that the needs can be divided into three categories, self-fulfillment needs,
psychological needs, and basic needs. In conclusion, Maslow’s needs demonstrate that the people’s
needs are gradually growing from lower level to higher level.
(APEUni Website / App DI #410)

75. Wind Machine

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Answer:
​The picture describes the wind machine. As can be seen from the graph, the wind machine is rotating
counter-clockwise and the rotation used the power of wind blades. We can also see that the advantage
of this wind machine is its no pollution and the disadvantaged part is its dependence on wind power. In
conclusion, the picture shows a vivid description of the wind machine.
(APEUni Website / App DI #406)

76. Diameter of Planets

Answer:
​The graph gives information about the diameter from the earth for different planets. As we can see the
largest is taken up by Jupiter, which is 150000 km away. After that Saturn has occupied the second
largest, this is 120000 km away. Following that, Neptune and Uranus have a similar diameter, which is
50000 km away. However, Pluto has the smallest which is only 1 km. In conclusion, different planets have
different diameters from the earth.
(APEUni Website / App DI #405)

77. 100% Health

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about 100% health. It shows how the process is done. The steps
include food&nutrition, fitness&exercise, relaxation&stress management. According to this graph, the
first step is through food&nutrion to achieve health and wellbeing. According to this graph, the second
step is through fitness&exerciese to make a positive change. The final step is through relaxation&stress
management to achieve motivation. In conclusion, the process will repeat.
(APEUni Website / App DI #390)

78. Gnat Life Cycle

Answer:
The following graph gives information about fungus gnat lifecycle is about 28 days. It shows how the
process is done. The steps include eggs, larva, pupa, and adult. According to this graph, the first step is
eggs. According to this graph, the second step is from eggs to larva in 4-6 days. You can see from this
graph that the third step is from larva to pupa in 12 - 14 days. You can also see from this graph that the
next step is from pupa to adult in 3 - 6 days. The final step is from adult to eggs in 7-10 days. In
conclusion, the process will repeat.
(APEUni Website / App DI #389)

79. Temperature&CO2

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Answer:
The graph shows the temperature and CO2 for the last 400000 years. As we can see from the graph,
for temperature, the highest one can be found in 5 in every 100 thousand years. Moreover, the lowest
one can be found in minus 15 in the same interval. In addition, for the carbon dioxide level, it is range
from 200 to 300. Most important, the highest CO2 level can be found at present, which is nearly 400. In
conclusion, the CO2 level and temperature follow a similar pattern.
(APEUni Website / App DI #388)

80. Past Transport

Answer:
The graph shows the major transportation modes in the past from 1500 to 2000. As we can see from
the graph, from 1500 to 1850, the transportation relies on horses carriage and bicycle, etc with the
average speed is 15mph. After 1850, people traveled by locomotive in average speed at 75mph, followed
by automobile become the major transportation in modern society. In conclusion, 500 years time
experience the changes in major transportation modes.
(APEUni Website / App DI #387)

81. Length of Fish

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the length of fish. The items include 1 year, 3 years, 8 years
and more than 15 years. According to this graph, in 1 year, the length of fish is around 16cm. and that of
3 years is longer, which is around 20cm. You can see from this graph that the highest length of fish is in
more than 15 years, which is around 50cm You can also see from this graph that the second biggest
length of fish is in 8 years, around 30cm. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #371)

82. London Street View

Answer:
The following graph gives information about London's Fleet Street Then and Today. This is a very
beautiful picture, and it shows a number of things. According to this graph, in the central area, there is a
carriage; the colour of it is black. You can see from this graph that, in the right area, there is a bus; the
colour of it is red. You can see from this graph that, in the background, there is a temple, the colour of
it is white. The weather is sunny. The sky is blue and clear. In conclusion, this picture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #346)

83. Garbage Patches 1

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Answer:
The picture shows us out of sight, out of mind. According to the picture, we can see the continent-sized
cortex of plastic waste is blighting the Pacific. Specifically. There are two rubbish soups, the eastern
garbage patch which is next to Japan and the western garbage patch which is next to the Hawaii, The
north pacific gyre currents are running differently in two different patches. Apart from that, the
translucent soup of degrading plastic waste is as deep as 10 meters and the north pacific gyre currents
keep soup in constant movement. We can also see the section of garbage patch is in color red. In
conclusion, the picture indicates that we need to take environmental problems seriously.
(APEUni Website / App DI #342)

84. Iron Age Hut

Answer:
The following graph gives information of the iron age hut. According to this graph, this is a cross
section of an ancient hut, which is triangular in shape. In the middle of the graph, you can see a pillar
supporting the sloping rafters. And the roofs are covered by reed thatch. In the hut, you can see ashes
and seats below the ground level. On the ground level, you can see the turf wall. In conclusion, this graph
is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #334)

85. The Eatwell Plate

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of the Eatwell plate. The items include fruit
and vegetables, bread&rice, food&drinks and so on. According to this graph, the proportion of fruit and
vegetables is around 35%, and that of milk and dairy food is lower, which is around 18%. You can see
from this graph that the highest proportion is fruit and vegetables, which is around 35%. You can also
see from this graph that the lowest proportion is food and drinks high in fat/sugar, which is around 8%.
In conclusion, fruit and vegetables have the highest proportion of the Eatwell plate.
(APEUni Website / App DI #331)

86. Music Download

Answer:
The following graph gives information about how to download music from Tesco Extra. It shows how the
process is done. The steps include search, purchase, download and play. According to this graph, the
first step is to search for the music you like online. According to this graph, the second step is to
purchase it through the website. You can see from this graph that the third step is to download the
music on digital devices, such as laptops and phones. The final step is to enjoy the songs after finishing
all these steps In conclusion, the process will repeat.
(APEUni Website / App DI #324)

87. Temperature&Precipitation

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Answer:
​This graph presents the relationship between temperature and precipitation throughout the year from
January to December. The temperature is represented in an orange line and measured in degree Celsius.
It starts at about 26oC in January and gradually increases. A maximum is reached in October at about
0.oC. It concludes at about 4 oC in December. The precipitation is represented in blue bars and
measured in mm. The maximum occurs in May at 110mm, and the minimum occurs in February at about
70mm. In conclusion, this graph gives very detailed information.
(APEUni Website / App DI #322)

88. Population&Consumption

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the population and consumption level worldwide. You can
see from this graph that the value of middle income in 2004 is 2.3 thousand million, including Russia and
Mexico. You can see from this graph that the value of high income in 1960 is 0.7 thousand million,
including the United States and Japan, which is the lowest. You can see from this graph that the value of
low income in 2004 is 3 thousand million, including India, which is the highest. You can see from this
graph that China and Indonesia joined the middle income world in 1990s. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #321)

89. Poverty Rate

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Answer:
​The following graph gives information about poverty rates by age and by gender in 2012, measured in
percentage. In the age group of 65 and older, the poverty rate of the female is 11% while that of the
male is 6.6%. In the age group of 18 to 64, the poverty rate of the female is 15.4% and that of the male
is 11.9%. In the age group under 18, the poverty rate is much higher than other groups, with female
22.3% and male 21.3%. This graph is sourced from the US Census Bureau, current population Survey,
2013 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. In conclusion, this graph gives very thorough information.
(APEUni Website / App DI #195)

90. Students' Worked Age

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the number of students who worked at ages 14 to 18. The
number of students who worked is represented in blue and that of students who did not work is
represented in red. Students who are 14 have the highest number of did not work, at about 25 students,
while students who are 18 has the least number of did not work, at about 3 students. In contrast, there
are 23 students who are 18 and worked, and there is about 1 student who is 14 and worked. In
conclusion, this graph gives very thorough information.
(APEUni Website / App DI #186)

91. World Water

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Answer:
​The following graph gives information about the world’s water distribution. It can be seen that 97.5% of
the world’s water is salt water and only 2.5% is freshwater. In the freshwater sector, glaciers and
permanent snow occupy the largest proportion at 68.7%, followed by which groundwater occupies
30.06% of the fresh water. Ground ice and permafrost takes 0.86% of fresh water and other resources
take 1.22% of fresh water. In the other sector, lakes occupy the majority of the proportion at 0.26%. In
conclusion, this image gives very thorough information about the world’s water distribution.
(APEUni Website / App DI #23)

92. Hospital Visits

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the average number of annual hospital visits per capita
among Glasgow residents. The horizontal axis is years, ranging from1960 to 2010. According to this
graph, in the year of 1960, the value is around 2.5. And according to this graph, in the year of 1970, the
value is around 2. The highest value is around 3, which is in 2010. On the contrary, the lowest value is
around 2, which is in 1970. In conclusion, if this trend continues, the average number of annual hospital
visits will keep increasing in the future.
(APEUni Website / App DI #22)

93. Consumer Confidence

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about consumer confidence. The horizontal axis is years, ranging
from 1990 to 2008. According to this graph, in 1990, the value is around 85, and that of 1996 is lower,
which is around 70. According to this graph, the highest value is around 105, which is in 2002.
According to this graph, the lowest value is around 65, which is in 2008. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #299)

94. Sydney Population

Answer:
​This graph is about population growth and projected population of Sydney from 1976 to 2031. The data
of the year of 1976 and the year 2001 comes from census data while the data of the year 2031 is
projected. In 1976, the population is about 3 million and increases to about 4 million in 2001. Based on
these data, the population in 2031 can be predicted to be about 5.3 million. It is clear that the population
of Sydney has been steadily increasing. In conclusion, this line graph shows some very interesting
information about population growth in Sydney.
(APEUni Website / App DI #289)

95. Double Population

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the double population. The horizontal axis is years, ranging
from 1700 to 2000. According to this graph, in 1715, the years to double is around 544, and that of 1804
is lower, which is around 304. According to this graph, the highest value of years to double is around
544, which is in 1700. According to this graph, the lowest value of years to double is around 47, which is
in 1999. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #283)

96. Sunrise & Sunset

Answer:
​This graph reveals the information about sunrise and sunset times over the year, recording the first days
and the fifteenth days of the months from January to December. It is clear that the sunrise time
represented in blue is early in January and December, and gradually becomes the latest in June. In
contrast, the sunset time represented in pink is the latest in January and December, while it is the
earliest in June. It can be observed that the times of the sunrise and sunset are exactly the opposite, and
the shapes of the trends of both sunrise and sunset times show an “S” shape. In conclusion, this graph
gives very interesting information about sunrise and sunset times.
(APEUni Website / App DI #276)

97. World Income Distribution

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Answer:
The following line charts give information about world income distribution over the population. According
to the upper line chart, in nineteen seventy the world population is three point seven billions, and those
spending less than one dollar per day accounts for thirty-eight percent, one point four billions. We see
in nineteen ninety the world population is five point three billions, and the poor to the left of the poverty
line accounts for twenty-six percent, one point four billions. In conclusion, the poor decrease from
nineteen seventy to nineteen ninety.
(APEUni Website / App DI #274)

98. Pet Expenditure

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of pet expenditure in the US. The items
include vet care and wellbeing, food and litter, pet purchase and so on. According to this graph, the
proportion of vet care and wellbeing is around 47%, and that of food and litter is lower, which is around
41%. You can see from this graph that the highest proportion is vet care and wellbeing, which is around
47%. You can also see from this graph that the lowest proportion is the pet purchase, which is around
2%. In conclusion, vet care and wellbeing have the highest proportion of pet expenditure in the US.
(APEUni Website / App DI #403)

99. Egypt Trading

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about ancient Egypt trading. It shows how the process is done.
The steps include import goods and export goods. According to this graph, the first step is to import
cedar oil and timber from Lebanon. According to this graph, the second step is to import copper,
precious stones and gold from Nubia. You can see from this graph that the third step is to import slaves
and animals from Africa. You can also see from this graph that the next step is to import horses, fruit,
and honey from other countries. The final step is to exports linen, tools, beads and weapons to other
countries. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #268)

100. Power Transmission

Answer:
The following graph gives information about power transmission. It shows how the process is done. The
steps include coal, power station, transformer, substation. According to this graph, the first step is
mining. According to this graph, the second step is to send to the power station. You can see from this
graph that the third step is to use national transmission lines. You can also see from this graph that the
next step is to send to the substation. The final step is to send to houses, shops, and other buildings. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #249)

101. Government Expenditure

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Answer:
​This graph shows the government expenditure in different sectors of education. It is shown on the graph
that $11 billion are invested in education in total. At the top of the pyramid, we can see higher education
in which $1.8 billion are invested, followed by which vocational educational training and schools get $2
billion and $3-4 billion respectively. At the bottom of the pyramid, we can see the early childhood in
which $0.8-1.4 billion are invested. It can be seen that schools get the highest investment while early
childhood gets the least. In conclusion, this graph gives very interesting information.
(APEUni Website / App DI #235)

102. Food&Oil Price

Answer:
The following graph gives information about food price vs oil price. The items include oil price, food
price index, and years. The horizontal axis is years, ranging from 2000 to 2009. According to this graph,
in 2000, the value of the oil price is around 40, and that of the food price index is lower, which is around
20. According to this graph, the highest value of oil price is around 140, which is in 2008. According to
this graph, the lowest value of the food price index is around 20, which is in 2001. In conclusion, this
graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #234)

103. Pencil Length

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about pencil length. The items include New Jersey, Chicago, and
Michigan. According to this graph, in Chicago, the length of the pencil is around 46.750. And that of
New Jersey is higher, which is around 50.680. You can see from this graph that the highest length of
the pencil is in New Jersey, which is 50.680. You can also see from this graph that the lowest length of
the pencil is Virginia, which is around 18.950. In conclusion, New Jersey has the highest length of the
pencil.
(APEUni Website / App DI #233)

104. S&P

Answer:
The following graph gives information about S&P/ASX 200, a sharemarket index. You can see from this
graph that the value of ten is around zero, the lowest. You can see from this graph that the value of
eleven is around three thousand four hundred ninety, which is higher. You can see from this graph that
the value of eleven thirty is around three thousand five hundred, which is the highest. You can see from
this graph that the value of twelve fifteen is around three thousand four hundred ninety-two, which is the
third peak. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #230)

105. Deforestation Reasons

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of deforestation reasons. The items include
cattle ranching, small-scale agriculture, other and so on. According to this graph, the proportion of
cattle ranching is around 65%, and that of small-scale agriculture is lower, which is around 20%. You
can see from this graph that the highest proportion is cattle ranching, which is around 65%. You can
also see from this graph that the lowest proportion is the other, which is around 1%. In conclusion, cattle
ranching has the highest proportion of deforestation reasons.
(APEUni Website / App DI #226)

106. Switzerland Language

Answer:
The following graph gives information about Switzerland Language. Data of different areas are displayed
on the map. The items include German, Italian, French, Romansch. According to this graph, the largest
areas of language is German, which is in the center of Switzerland. In comparison, the smallest areas of
language are Romansch, which in the east of Switzerland. In conclusion, using German is much larger
than that of using Romansch.
(APEUni Website / App DI #225)

107. Bird Feeder

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Answer:
The graph gives information about how to use a plastic bottle as a bird feeder. According to the picture,
it is clear that on the first stage, there is a water bottle with two pencils in it, which is brown and blue,
respectively, and the bottle is full of food. After that, on the second stage, the two pencils are replaced
with two spoons, which are made of wood. In conclusion, the little bird standing on the spoon can get
food from the bottle, and we can see the caps of two bottles have different colors, namely blue and
white.
(APEUni Website / App DI #224)

108. Solar Eclipse 1

Answer:
The graph shows different eclipse. When we look at the left-hand side of the picture, we can see the
sun. In the middle of the picture, we can see the moon, which is on the moon’s orbit. On the right of the
picture, there is the Earth, which orbits around the sun. As we can see in the graph when the sun, moon,
and Earth parallel each other. we can see the shade of moon called penumbra creating the partial
eclipse. we also can see the middle of a shade called umbra, which means that there is a total eclipse. In
conclusion, this graph shows the formation of different eclipses.
(APEUni Website / App DI #223)

109. Parts of Tree

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Answer:
The graph shows a different part of the tree. When we look at the top of the picture, we can see the
crown of the tree, which includes leaves on top, a twig in the middle, and branches at the bottom in the
crown. Followed by the crown we can see a trunk, which connects the roots in the soil. Finally, the crown
of the tree shares a similar size with roots so that they provide a lot of information to scientists. In
conclusion, this picture demonstrates the structure of trees.
(APEUni Website / App DI #222)

110. Tree Ring and Saw

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the evidence of tree growth rings. This is a very beautiful
picture, and it shows a number of things. According to this graph, in the central area, there is a tree
ring; the colour of it is brown. You can see from this graph that, in the right area, there is a saw; the
colour of it is black. You can see from this graph that, in the background, there are grasses, the colour
of those is green. The weather is sunny. The sky is blue and clear. In conclusion, this picture is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #219)

111. Food Pyramid 1

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Answer:
​This picture shows the pyramid of food required by human bodies. At the bottom of the pyramid, we can
see water, which is the most essential to human bodies. Above water, on the second layer of the
pyramid, we can see whole grain foods such as rice, cakes, and biscuits. Above the whole grain foods
level, there is a fruits and vegetable level . We can see grapes, oranges, and apples in the fruit section,
and broccoli, potatoes, and carrots in the vegetable section. Above the fruits and vegetables, we can see
milk products and fish, poultry and eggs. At the top of the pyramid, there is a sugar and salt level. In
conclusion, all the levels in the pyramid are important for human bodies.
(APEUni Website / App DI #215)

112. Happiness

Answer:
The following graph gives information about what determines happiness. The items include the genetic
set point, intentional activities, and life circumstances. According to this graph, the proportion of genetic
set point is around 50%, and that of intentional activities is lower, which is around 40%. You can see
from this graph that the highest proportion is the genetic set point, which is around 50%. You can also
see from this graph that the lowest proportion is life circumstances, which is around 10%. In conclusion,
this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #203)

113. Water Wheel

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about water wheels with different rotational directions. On the left,
we can see a water wheel, which is rotating anticlockwise. On the right, we can see another water wheel,
which is rotating clockwise. According to this graph, the water wheels are both overshot ones, with a
flume overhead, through which water flows down on the wheels. And we can see tail races lying below
the water wheels, in which water falling down from the wheels flow away. In conclusion, the graph is
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #199)

114. Internet Population

Answer:
The following graph gives information about internet population. The items include Germany, UK and
France. You can see from this graph that the value of US is around 160 millions. You can see from this
graph that the value of Japan is around 60 millions, which is lower. You can see from this graph that the
value of China is around 180 millions, which is the highest. You can see from this graph that the value of
Netherlands is around 10 millions, which is the lowest. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #181)

115. Age Percentage

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the age distribution in the UK from 1911 to 2011. When we
look at the age of 65 and over, the percentage has increased from 5% in 1911 to 15% in 2011. In
contrast, the age below 14 has decreased from 30% to 20% over the same period. At the same time,
people age between 15-64 has remained stable at around 70% throughout the years. In conclusion, it
can be expected that the UK is undergoing an aging population from 1911 to 2011.
(APEUni Website / App DI #180)

116. Fruit&Vegetable Consumption

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the US fruit and vegetable consumption trends from 1970 to
2010 in pounds per person per year. For vegetable consumption, it has remained stable at 330 from
1970 to 1980, after that it climbed drastically to 425 in 2000, which is the highest, before dropping down
to 400 in 2010. When we look at the fruit consumption, it increased gradually from 230 in 1970 to 280
in 2000, which is the highest, and then it also declined to 250 until the end of the period. In conclusion,
vegetable consumption is much larger than fruit consumption throughout the period.
(APEUni Website / App DI #177)

117. Solar Yard Light

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about how solar yard lights work. It shows how the process is
done. The steps include the glass cover, the solar cells, and the battery. According to this graph, the
first step is the glass cover. According to this graph, the second step is solar cells. You can see from
this graph that the third step is photoresistor. You can also see from this graph that the next step is the
battery. According to this graph, the next step is the controller board. According to this graph, the next
step is LED. The final step is the lamp cover. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #173)

118. Meat Consumption

Answer:
The following graph gives information about annual per capita meat consumption from 1961 to 2009,
measured in kilograms, in different countries including USA, China, and Liberia. USA, which is shown in
blue, starts at 90 kg in 1961 and concludes at 120kg in 2009. China, which is shown in red, starts at 5kg
in 1961 and then increases rapidly and concludes at a maximum of 60kg in 2009. However, for Liberia,
India, and Ethiopia which are shown in green, orange and grey, the meat consumption remains relatively
stable throughout the years. In conclusion, this graph gives impressive information about meat
consumption.
(APEUni Website / App DI #168)

119. Foreign Language Proficiency

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the percentage of students proficient in a foreign language
in different countries, including China, India, and Russia, categorized by males and females. India has the
highest percentage of both male and female students proficient in a foreign language, at 56% and 69%
respectively. In contrast, China has the lowest percentage of both female and male students proficient in
a foreign language, at 33% and 15% respectively. In Thailand, the percentages of male and female
students proficient in a foreign language are 30% and 27% respectively. In conclusion, this graph
provides interesting information.
(APEUni Website / App DI #164)

120. Holiday Accommodation

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the holiday accommodation chosen by the British in 2010,
categorized by self-catering in the blue, caravan in green, camping in yellow and hotel in red. In
England, the hotel occupies the largest proportion at about 55%, while caravan occupies the least at
about 5%. In contrast, in North Ireland, the hotel also occupies the largest proportion at about 45% but
self-catering and camping occupy the least and similar proportions at about 12%. Caravan occupies
about 30%. In conclusion, this graph shows very significant information.
(APEUni Website / App DI #150)

121. Fly Life Cycle

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about how houseflies work, that is, the life cycle of a fly. It starts
with eggs which are laid by an adult fly, and then the eggs become 1st larva stage. In this stage, the
larva is relatively small. Then the cycle goes to the 2nd larval stage where the larva grows larger but the
color remains relatively constant. When it comes to the 3rd larva stage, the larva becomes much larger
and the color starts to become darker. After that, the cycle reaches the pupa stage where the larva is
covered with dark skin. The pupa becomes an adult fly eventually which can lay eggs again and let the
process continues. In conclusion, this image gives a vivid illustration of the life cycle of a fly.
(APEUni Website / App DI #135)

122. Urban Percentage 1

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the percentage of the population in urban areas in 1950,
2007 and 2030. As we can see the largest proportion goes to North America, which increased from 64%
in 1950 to 79% in 2007 and ends at 87% in 2030. For the second largest amount, it is Latin America
which increased dramatically from 42% to 84% over the same years. However, Africa has taken up the
smallest amount which also climbed up from 15% to 51% impressively. In conclusion, the world’s total
urban population has significantly increased from 29 % in 1950 to 49% in 2007 and is expected to
continue the increase to 60% in 2030.
(APEUni Website / App DI #114)

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123. Thoralby Population

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the total population of Thoralby from 1870 to 2010. The
information is shown in a blue line. It starts at about 275 in 1870, followed by a decrease to a minimum
of about 100 in 1950. During the increase, there are some fluctuations. After 1950, there is a huge
increase to a maximum of 325 in 1970. After that, the population decreases rapidly again to about 150 in
1990. The population remains relatively constant after that and concludes at about 150 in 2010. In
conclusion, this graph gives very detailed information about the population in Thoralby.
(APEUni Website / App DI #113)

124. Most Used Technology

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the most used technology. The items include the number of
users. computer, and telephone. According to this graph, on the computer, the number of users is
around 4. and that of TV is higher, which is around 6. You can see from this graph that the highest
number of users is in telephone, which is around 8. You can also see from this graph that the lowest
value of users is Webcam, which is around 1. In conclusion, the telephone has the highest number of
users.
(APEUni Website / App DI #107)

125. Dubai Gold Sales

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about Dubai Gold Sales. The horizontal axis is the month, ranging
from January to December. According to this graph, in January, the value is around 200, and that of
February is higher, which is around 210. According to this graph, the highest value is around 300, which
is in March. According to this graph, the lowest value is around 100, which is in July and September. In
conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #92)

126. Air Temperature

Answer:
The following graph gives information about air temperature. Data of different areas are displayed on the
map. According to this graph, the highest temperature areas are in African and South America. In
comparison, the lowest temperature areas are in the Arctic and the South Pole. You can see from this
graph that the moderate temperature areas are in China and Europe. In conclusion, this graph is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #87)

127. Weekly Temperature

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Answer:
​The following graph gives information about temperature measured in degrees Celsius throughout the
week, from Sunday to Saturday. It is represented in the yellow line. It starts at 25oC on Sunday and
increases to a maximum throughout the week of 28oC on Monday, followed by a decrease to 26oC on
Tuesday. The temperature keeps decreasing to 22oC on Wednesday and reaches a minimum of 19oC on
Thursday. The temperature starts to increase again to 23oC on Friday and concludes at 27oC on
Saturday. In conclusion, these line graphs give very detailed information about the temperature change
over the week.
(APEUni Website / App DI #127)

128. Fish Shoal

Answer:
The following graph gives information about fish shoal. This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows a
number of things. According to this graph, In the morning, the number of fish is relatively small but more
predatory. You can see from this graph that, in the evening, the number of fish is relatively large but less
predatory. The sea is blue and clear. In conclusion, this picture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #214)

129. Evacuation Route

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Answer:
​The following graph gives information about the school map. In this map, we can see there are two
hydrant exits. For the one located on the top left corner, students from the photography lab and
micromachining lab and officers, as well as the 1295 room, can follow this route to evacuate. For the
other one, students and faculty staffs from room 1292 research deposition furnaces and room 1286
research photo geography lab, mechanical room, and microelectronics lab can go for this route to the
stairs for an exit, which is located on the bottom left corner. In conclusion, the picture gives us clear
information about the two hydrant exits for evacuation.
(APEUni Website / App DI #192)

130. Life Expectancy

Answer:
The following graph gives information about life expectancy at birth by sex. The items include years,
males, and females. The horizontal axis is the year, ranging from 1888 to 2013. According to this graph,
in 1888, the value of males is around 45, and that of the females is higher, which is around 50.
According to this graph, the highest value of males is 75, which is in 2013. According to this graph, the
lowest value of females is around 50, which is in 1888. In conclusion, the female has the highest life
expectancy at birth.
(APEUni Website / App DI #84)

131. Number of Arrests

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the number of arrests per year for using illegal drugs from
1991 to 2005. It starts at 10 arrests in 1991 and increases to about 23 arrests in 1993, followed by a
much steeper increase to about 60 arrests in 1995 and remains constant until 1997. The number
decreases after that to 40 arrests in 1999 but then increases again to a maximum of 70 arrests in 2000.
The number remains relatively stable in the last three years and concludes at 40 arrests in 2005. In
conclusion, this graph gives an interesting trend.
(APEUni Website / App DI #75)

132. Solar Composition

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the proportion of composition of the Sun. The items include
hydrogen, helium and carbon. According to this graph, the proportion of hydrogen is around 60%, and
that of Helium is lower, which is around 16%. You can see from this graph that the highest proportion is
hydrogen, which is around 60%. You can also see from this graph that the lowest proportion is carbon,
nitrogen and silicon which are less than 1 %. In conclusion, hydrogen has the highest proportion.
(APEUni Website / App DI #62)

133. Boat Passengers

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the percentage of people using boat transport. The items
include rank, country, and traveling by boat. According to this graph, in Nauru, the value of traveling by
boat is around 94.5. And in Tonga, the value of traveling by boat is around 90.8, which is lower. You can
see from this graph that the highest value is in Nauru, which is around 94.5. You can also see from this
graph that the lowest value is in Niue, which is around 81.7. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #57)

134. National Flags

Answer:
The following graph gives information about two national flags. In the first national flag, from the top to
the bottom, the colors are green, white and black; there is also a red rectangle on the left-hand side. In
the second national flag, the color composition is the same. However, from the top to the bottom; the
colors are red, white and black, with a green triangle on the left-hand side. In conclusion, the two
national flags are quite similar in color while they are still different in shapes and composition.
(APEUni Website / App DI #43)

135. Depression Probability

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about depression probability. As we can see from the age of 16 to
45, the depression probability has increased dramatically from 0.002 to 0.02, and people who are
middle-aged have the highest probability of depression. Following that the depression rate begins to
decline to around 0.007 as the age grows older and ends at around 0.006 when they are 70 years old. In
conclusion, as young people are growing older they are more likely to get depression, especially in their
middle ages.
(APEUni Website / App DI #37)

136. Earth Crust (2)

Answer:
The following graph gives information about earth crust. This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows a
number of things. According to this graph, the first layer is the atmosphere. Followed by that, the
second layer is the crust. You can see from this graph that the third layer is the mantle. You can also
see from this graph that the next layer is the outer core. The final layer is the inner core. In conclusion,
this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #31)

137. MSW Generation

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about total MSW generation by material in 2009. The items
include Paper and paperboard, food scraps ,other and so on. According to this graph, the value of paper
and paperboard is around 28.2%, and that of food scraps is lower, which is around 14.2%. You can see
from this graph that the highest value is paper and paperboard, which is around 28.2%. You can also
see from this graph that the lowest value is other, which is around 3.5%. In conclusion, paper and
paperboard has the highest value of MSW generation by material.
(APEUni Website / App DI #28)

138. Electricity Generation

Answer:
The following graph gives information about electricity generation in China by type from 1994 to 2004.
For the conventional thermal, it has increased from 600 in 1994 to 1500 in 2004 gradually. When we
look at the hydroelectric, it remained relatively stable at around 100 throughout the period. For the total
generation, it has increased dramatically from 900 to 2000 from 1994 to 2004. To sum up, conventional
thermal still occupies the largest part of electricity generation in China.
(APEUni Website / App DI #26)

139. Adult Literacy

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about adult literacy by region from 2000-2004. As we can see
the largest amount can be found in Latin America and the Caribbean, which is 89% in females and 91%
in males. Following that Asia has the second largest rate, which is 73% in females and 86% in males.
However, we can find the smallest amount in sub-Saharan Africa, which is 53% in females and 79% in
males. In conclusion, males have a larger adult literacy rate than males in all the regions.
(APEUni Website / App DI #25)

140. Virus Replication

Answer:
The following graph gives information about Virus Replication. It shows how the process is done. The
steps include adsorption, entry, replication, assembly, release, According to this graph, the first step is
adsorption. According to this graph, the second step is the entry. You can see from this graph that the
third step is replication. You can also see from this graph that the next step is assembly. According to
this graph, The final step is to release. In conclusion, this graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #19)

141. Simple Circuit

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about simple circuit with light. This is a very beautiful picture, and
it shows a number of things. According to this graph, at the central area, there is a battery; the colour of
it is black and yellow. You can see from this graph that, at the left area, there is a bulb; the colour of it
is white. You can see from this graph that, there is a line connecting the bulb and the battery. The
electricity flows from the negative pole to the positive pole. In conclusion, this picture is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #16)

142. Earth Structure

Answer:
The following graph gives information about the core. According to the picture, we can see from the
inside to the outside, there is an inner core, which is 800 miles, 1300 kilometers. Following that, it’s the
outer core, which is 1400 miles, 2250 kilometers. And then it’s the mantle, which is 1800 miles, 2900
kilometers. The most outside one is the crust, which is 5-25 miles, 8-40 kilometers. In conclusion, the
core has a very complex structure.
(APEUni Website / App DI #8)

143. Height of Tree

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the height of trees. The items include hemlock, cedar,
spruce, douglas fir. According to this graph, in Hemlock, the value of height is around 130 feet, and that
of Cedar is higher, which is around 200 feet. You can see from this graph that the highest value of
height is in Douglas Fir, which is around 280 feet. In conclusion, Douglas Fir has the highest number.
(APEUni Website / App DI #7)

144. Oxbow Lake

Answer:
The following graph gives information about water channels and how they can be formed. From the first
picture, we can see that there is a meander and along the meander, there are lots of trees, there is also
a neck in between the meander. However, when we move to the next stage, the sand becomes
deposited in the river and finally, it becomes silt around the river neck, therefore there is a new channel
formed and a new oxbow lake begins to run in this way. In conclusion, the formation of the oxbow lake
requires water and sand forces to shape its channels.
(APEUni Website / App DI #36)

145. Typing Hands

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Answer:
At the upper left area, there is a keyboard, the color of it is black, and there are hands which parallel
with each other, which is right. At the lower left area, there is a hand which parallels with the keyboard.
And it is the right gesture. At the upper right area, there are two hands which are twisted against each
other.,and it is wrong. The second picture in the right area, 2 hands are the point in the opposite
direction, which are wrong. The third picture at the right area, there is a hand forming an angle with the
keyboard. At the lower right area, there is a hand whose wrist forming a right angle. In conclusion, this
graph is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #2)

146. BMI

Answer:
The following graph gives information about Aim for a healthy weight: BMI chart for adults. The graph
shows the information about body mass index. The height is between 140 centimeters to 200
centimeters, and the weight is between 30 kilograms to 150 kilograms. It is clear that obese occupies
the largest percentage, above BMI 30; followed by overweight, normally occupies the area between BMI
30 and BMI 25; then the healthy weight range, between BMI 25 and BMI 18.5. Finally it is underweight
below BMI 18.5. In conclusion, this graph summarizes information about body mass.
(APEUni Website / App DI #3)

147. Moon&Fish

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about lunar and fish. As we can see for the first quarter moon, the
fish are located at the bottom of the sea. When entering into the next stage, fish begin to move
upwards and are located in the middle part of the sea. Next, when it comes to the full moon, the fish are
distributed all over the sea. Finally, for the last quarter moon period, the fish are located near the
surface of the sea. In conclusion, the picture shows that lunar and fish are closely related to each other.
(APEUni Website / App DI #17)

148. Apartment Plan

Answer:
​The following graph gives information about the housing structure. When we enter the house from the
entrance, on the left-hand side we can see a small kitchen with a stove in it and on the right-hand side
there is a small toilet and a place for a shower. Going deeper into the house, we can find the main
bedroom which is on the left corner with a double bed and a desk in it, and the living room is on the
right corner with spacious room, a long lounge, and some sofas. In conclusion, it is a very comfortable
house to live in.
(APEUni Website / App DI #45)

149. Solar System

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Answer:
The following graph gives information about the solar system. This is a very beautiful picture, and it
shows a number of things. According to this graph, the largest planet is Jupiter; the colour of it is brown.
You can see from this graph that, the second largest planet is Saturn; the colour of it is brown. And the
smallest planet is Mercury, followed by Mars, Earth, Venus, Neptune, Uranus. In conclusion, this picture is
very informative.
(APEUni Website / App DI #1)

150. Apple Life Cycle

Answer:
The following graph gives information about how an apple seed can become an apple tree. It shows how
the process is done. The steps include apple seeds, an apple tree, a flower, and so on. According to this
graph, the first step is apple seeds. According to this graph, the second step is to sprout. You can see
from this graph that the third step is the apple tree. Then the next step is the flower. Finally, we can get
green and big apples from the apple tree. In conclusion, the process will repeat.
(APEUni Website / App DI #178)

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Retell Lecture
Audio Available: There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at
APEUni Website / App to listen.

1. Water and Wind (Incomplete)


Points: A picture with 'water mill' in the upper half and 'wind mill' in the lower half. The lecture is about
comparison between the two mills.
(APEUni Website / App RL #589)

2. Arguments (Incomplete)
Points: A picture about ... arguments. There are four rows of words, each to explain one argument.
(APEUni Website / App RL #410)

3. Asian Economy (Incomplete)


Points: Key words: Asia tiger, Japan, Southeast Asia, economy, Shanghai, Shenzhen.
(APEUni Website / App RL #318)

4. Icy Sea (Incomplete)


Points: A video. The camera move forwards above the sea which likely has ice on the surface.
Keywords: countries, ocean, the United Kingdom, French, Norway, New Zealand, ... (these country names
are repeated twice in the lecture).
(APEUni Website / App RL #289)

5. Venus (Audio Available)


Original:
There is a picture, sort of artist's impression, before the space age of what Venus might be like on its
surface and so this was looking at the planet Venus, it was science fiction and science fact all the way
up to 56 before the start of the space age but it wasn't completely disproved, this idea of a really sort
of lush environment on Venus until 1967, which is when the first measurements in detail were done at
Venus. So Mariner four and Mariner five confirmed the feeling from an earlier space mission that in fact
the surface of Venus was not like this at all, but extremely hot and, and also that the clouds were made
of sulfuric acid so there wasn't a nice water cycle like is going on in this picture and so, that it had to
wait for these in situ measurements by space craft to actually do that and so Venus turned out not to be
quite as Earth like as we thought and I'll sort of tell you about some of the latest results from Venus
Express, which, which they actually there are some Earth like features, but to a large extent, it's not like
the Earth.
(APEUni Website / App RL #286)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

6. Education (Incomplete)
Points: A picture about education, similarly as shown here. Keyword: education, skills, potential.
(APEUni Website / App RL #239)

7. Multitasking Man (Incomplete)


Points: A video in which a bare-headed man in a meeting talks about what a smart man does in the
security council. He has strong will power, but also has a soft side. Others find that the guy sits quietly in

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the meeting and keeps nodding and don't know why. In fact that is the way he pays attention: he listens
to talks in Russian and the simultaneous interpretation into English, and he can point out errors in the
interpretation. In some special situation, he talks directly to the other party in Russian. Besides, people
near him find that he is also sketching images of the security council members. People pick up the scape
papers that he left. Now there is a dark market that sells his drawings.
(APEUni Website / App RL #202)

8. Universal Philosophy (Audio Available)


Original:
Okay. So this is the this is the big benefit of a universal philosophy. It says it applies to everybody. Well,
looks that doesn't, you know, 205 or 206 countries in the world. And you've got something that applies
to everybody. That's a bit strange, isn't it? No, says liberal theory. There are same value structures that
apply to all of us. You couldn't have the United Nations without it. It couldn't tell you that the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights without this idea of values that apply to all of us just because we are
humans. Now, the idea is to test that as well. Why is sport universal? Why does everybody play football?
It's because the values are specified at a very thin level at the top. There are these rules and we all have
to abide by just these rules. But there are lots of things about football that aren't rules specified. So
Brazilian football is different from Italian football, from British football, from German football, from
Spanish football. It's culturally specific, but acknowledges that there are these universal general rules to
apply to everybody.
(APEUni Website / App RL #586)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

9. Facial Recognition (Audio Available)


Original:
Last week we talked about how people recognize objects and really how well people recognize objects,
given how difficult the problem is, given how objects can be seen in all different sorts of illumination, in
different positions, in different angles. And yet we are able to extract that information, we are able to
take the visual stuff out there, interpret it in a way that allows us to recognize all the different things that
we can see in our environment. Today we're gonna kind of carry on looking at that, but we gonna look at
what's really a special class of objects. That's the human face. So we gonna look at how we recognize
human faces and how we do it quite as well as we do. We're really expert at recognizing faces. So again
we can think about how do we take that visual information and how do we transform it into a form
which allows us to put a name to a face, and to do all the other clever things that we can do with faces.
So I'm gonna start off again by just pointing out that it's a hard problem. Face recognition is a hard
problem, and it's a clever thing we do. If you think about all the different types of faces you can
recognize, and all the different types of information you can get from the face, you kind of start to
appreciate how well we can do face recognition.
(APEUni Website / App RL #580)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

10. Internet and Children (Incomplete)


Points: In a video a woman talking about the effects of the Internet on children development, including
positive effects, and negative effects such as access to pornography sites and ... the roles of parent and
teachers and policymakers on this phenomenon.
(APEUni Website / App RL #341)

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11. Energy Challenge (Audio Available)


Original:
Most Americans take energy for granted. But, for many families, maintaining access to reliable and
affordable energy is a persistent challenge and a significant material hardship. This is a problem referred
to as energy insecurity, and it affects millions of American households each year. We have found that
energy insecurity is a growing and vexing problem among low-income households, and the COVID-
Nineteen pandemic has made this problem worse. Our analysis finds that there are disparities in rates of
energy insecurity across various socio-demographic groups. Black and Hispanic households, for
example, are significantly more likely to experience energy insecurity and face utility disconnection than
white households. So too are households with young children, individuals that require electronic medical
devices, and those in dwellings with inefficient or poor conditions. Households that cannot pay for
energy are unable to power electronic learning or medical devices, keep perishable, healthy food in the
refrigerator, or maintain safe body temperatures. Under conditions of extreme heat or cold, people can
suffer from mental and physical health consequences, including the possibility of death. Strategies for
coping with uncomfortable temperatures, such as burning trash or sitting in one's car with the heat
running, can lead to tragic outcomes as well. Our research underscores the importance of public policy
that targets energy insecurity and its underlying causes. Weatherization assistance, incentives for
residential solar power, energy bill assistance, and utility disconnection protections are all viable
strategies for helping the millions of households across the country that are currently unable to pay their
energy bills.
(APEUni Website / App RL #340)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

12. Newspapers (Incomplete)


Points: About newspapers and their businesses. Keywords: economy, 15-30%, online news, single digit
profit.
(APEUni Website / App RL #208)

13. Dietary Health (Incomplete)


Points: A picture of vegetables including green pepper, eggplant, chili. The lecture is about dietary
health. ... from farm to table.
(APEUni Website / App RL #55)

14. Bilingual Parents (Audio Available)


Original:
Many parents communicate and educate their children with two languages, probably because they both
know more than one language, or they come from different countries. Most of these parents think this
can benefit their children’s language learning. But actually kids will get confused when their parents use
different languages from each other to describe the same object. If one parent sticks to one language,
and the other one sticks to another language, their children will not be confused any more.
(APEUni Website / App RL #311)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

15. Research (Incomplete)


Points: About the the main goal of doing research, which is to support your own idea in your paper. If
you use research paper from only one source, that does not mean it is not accurate, but you should be

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careful. To save time, the best way is to make sure the researches you use are reliable, latest at the first
time.
(APEUni Website / App RL #310)

16. DNA (Incomplete)


Points: Genes decide, produce and make the protein in the cells. The process from genes to proteins is
complex. They are the fundamental building blocks of all organisms. DNA, as shown in the picture, is like
a chain.
(APEUni Website / App RL #308)

17. Amazon (Incomplete)


Points: A picture about Amazon, the most innovative company. Two examples are given, with one being
that kindles can cancel the wrong orders. The lecture mainly talks about how to be customer centric.
(APEUni Website / App RL #300)

18. Biological Forgetting (Audio Available)


Original:
People forget things every day including experiences, feelings and thoughts. We call this process
biological forgetting. Remembering is hard for people, and people try to overcome biological forgetting.
Human' memory is not fixed, but it can be reconstructed and shaped by the past. Since ancestors, we
have always been trying to improve our memory.
(APEUni Website / App RL #297)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

19. Leadership and Management (Incomplete)


Points: About profound differences between management and leadership. Leaders often dislike the
status quo, and want to make some challenges to change directions. However, management stays in the
status quo and follows procedures to make sure everything goes well. So in other words, leadership
disrupts management.
(APEUni Website / App RL #190)

20. Graphical Representation (Incomplete)


Points: In a video, a male lecturer is giving his speech on a podium. There is a PPT as the background,
whose title is 'graphical representation'. The PPT is about a kind of software for video/audio edition. In
the beginning, music can be recorded, modified, and redone. Then the software is introduced, saying it is
used on computer. All this is electronic, and this job is very professional. 'graphical representation' and
'software' are mentioned many times.
(APEUni Website / App RL #293)

21. General-purpose Cars (Incomplete)


Points: A picture in which there is a red car with a number plate as 'VJxxx' and how many passengers it
can carry is mentioned. The topic is about the changes brought to people's lives by general-purpose
cars. People can drive and go everywhere more comfortably. ... go to Scotland。 It changed the way we
live and the way we educate because we can go to school by car. ... improve individual mobility ... be
more wealthy.
(APEUni Website / App RL #291)

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22. Street Stalls (Incomplete)


Points: A picture. Many people are running stalls in a market. There are three rows of stalls and each
row has a vacant stall.
(APEUni Website / App RL #290)

23. Procedure (Incomplete)


Points: A pale yellow PPT, with the title 'Kumar Case' and three points: justice, procedural
fairness,conclusion. Male: What is your concern about the system of law? Anything about independency,
procedural fairness, or else? Female: Procedural fairness. It enables one party to see the other's
evidence, and provides opportunities to question the other party. One party hands in evidence, the
evidence is questioned by the opposite party, and then new evidence is handed in again. But procedural
fairness actually influences substantive fairness. How dose such a procedure guarantee justice.
(APEUni Website / App RL #285)

24. Fatherhood (Incomplete)


Points: A picture in which a pair of hands hold a baby. The lecturer talks with a high speech rate. The
role of father in parenting is mentioned. Fatherhood makes children feel safe so they can take risks to
develop independence and autonomy. Thus children can grow up into responsible and compassionate
citizens.
(APEUni Website / App RL #282)

25. King (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
At the top, you would have a king. Now the king would rule over a kingdom. Now, this is not so easy to
govern especially during the Middle Ages. And the king might owe many people, things especially people
who help the king come to power, helped him dispose the previous king or to conquer this land. And so
in exchange for that and to help govern, he might grant land or feasts to other people. And the key
currency in the Middle Ages under the feudal system is land. And land in exchange for loyalty and
service. So this whole thing is a kingdom. Now right over here, this is a Duchy. And a Duchy will be
controlled by a Duke. I guess I didn't call it duckie because that just doesn't sound as serious. So the
king might grant a Duchy, a Duchy to a Duke and in exchange, the Duke would provide loyalty pledged
their fealty. If the kingdom is threatened, the Duke will fight alongside. The King would provide their own
troops if the king wants to go conquer other territories, same thing, and also provide the king with taxes
which might be in the form of coinage depending on what time and region we are in the Middle Ages or
it might be in the form of a percentage of the agricultural production from this Duchy.
(APEUni Website / App RL #281)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

26. Globalization (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
I've been thinking a lot about the world recently and how it's changed over the last 20, 30, 40 years.
Twenty or thirty years ago, if a chicken caught a cold and sneezed and died in a remote village in East
Asia, it would have been a tragedy for the chicken and its closest relatives, but I don't think there was
much possibility of us fearing a global pandemic and the deaths of millions. Twenty or thirty years ago,
if a bank in North America lent too much money to some people who couldn't afford to pay it back and
the bank went bust, that was bad for the lender and bad for the borrower, but we didn't imagine it would
bring the global economic system to its knees for nearly a decade. This is globalization. This is the

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miracle that has enabled us to transship our bodies and our minds and our words and our pictures and
our ideas and our teaching and our learning around the planet ever faster and ever cheaper. It's brought
a lot of bad stuff, like the stuff that I just described, but it's also brought a lot of good stuff. A lot of us
are not aware of the extraordinary successes of the Millennium Development Goals, several of which
have achieved their targets long before the due date. That proves that this species of humanity is
capable of achieving extraordinary progress if it really acts together and it really tries hard.
(APEUni Website / App RL #276)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

27. Animal Behavior (B) (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Why should we bother studying animal behavior? Well, first and foremost, because we are interested in
understanding why animals do what they do. There are lots of other reasons for studying animal
behavior. Conservation biologists need to know what animals do if they’re going to save them. Are those
animals social or solitary? How much space do they need and how many mates do they have?
Sometimes you can’t predict the outcome of the research. Fernando Nottebohm started out being
interested in how birds know what to sing. Yet his research eventually led to a complete overhaul of the
entire field of neurobiology, a totally unanticipated yet utterly monumental effect. And this is the course
textbook by John Alcock the fact that this is in its ninth edition tells you how fast an afield animal
behavior is. There are lots of new developments.
(APEUni Website / App RL #271)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

28. Overfishing (Audio Available)


Original:
Aquaculture, the farming of fish, shrimp, shellfish and seaweeds, has been the sources of human protein
for nearly four thousand years, especially in Asia. In the last decade, however, there is been
unprecedented growth in aquaculture production, more than 300% since 1984, which has increased the
importance of the modern food supply. It’s the world’s fastest growing food production activity. And
globally, more than 25% of the odd fishing and shellfish production in 1999 was attributable to
aquaculture. Yes, this industry’s contributions to human diet is actually greater than the numbers imply,
whereas 1/3 of the conventional fish catch is used to make fish meal and fish oil. Virtually all farmed fish
are used as human food. Today, nearly 1/3 of fish consumed by human is the product of aquaculture,
and that percentage will only increase as aquaculture expands the world’s conventional fish catch, for
the oceans and lakes continues to decline because of overfishing and environmental damage.
(APEUni Website / App RL #263)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

29. Truth and Rhetoric (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
But Aristotle says the reason we need rhetoric is we have to be able to use it. To use rhetoric influence
the ramble, we try to get them to understand truth. Truth is suggest ... is different than XX Rhetoric is
the dressing, is the body, right? Truth is the spirit, is the soul, is abstract. It doesn't have a body. It's not
particular. If you wanna get somebody to the truth, you might have to use some kind of tricks. Right?
Because most of people are not sound and can see the truth. That's what we think. Most people are

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rambles. Really. Only the educated be erudite are actually capable of seeing the truth. If you wanna get
the general mass there, you may have to do a little bit. So Aristotle that is rhetoric. Rhetoric is
something that is used to influence people. Right? And it's a kind of mentally promised a logic.
(APEUni Website / App RL #258)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

30. Social Identity (Incomplete)


Points: The lecture talks about the information of the concept of social identity. He has studied several
aspects of social identity including social identity threats. As for the social identity, it is part of the
personal identity, including age, sex, region, religion, etc. He raised two questions about why social
identity is important and what influence it will have on us. The answer of the both questions is: it
depends.
(APEUni Website / App RL #255)

31. Robot and Human (Audio Available)


Original:
Why is it difficult to make a robot like a human being? Why cannot robots finish the work easily like
human beings? For some tasks, it is easy and simple for humans to complete, but it is very difficult to
ask a robot to do what we want because humans and robots have different recognition functions. For
example, considering the insights, it is hard for robots to recognize colors because they do not have
sensory mechanisms. Artificial intelligence scientists have to devise a sensor that is implanted to robots
to enable them to recognize different colors. The sensor has a camera on it to capture pixels, and then
will translate the pixels into an image, which is not as easy as expected. This process is very complex.
The translation of every pixel to accurate things could be difficult, especially color differentiation which
needs complicated sensors to fulfil. So the improvement of the sensor is necessary. In conclusion, there
is no comparison between humans and robots.
(APEUni Website / App RL #254)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

32. Dimensions (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Well, there' s a number of ways to think about what dimensions are. I hope we all know where three
dimensions are, which you can say are left, right; forward, backward; up, down. And if you think about it,
three . we say there are three dimensions of space. And sometimes we need three coordinates to locate
some objects in space. So, you can say longitude, latitude and altitude. So if there were more
dimensions, you would need more coordinates. Now of course for whatever reason we are not
physiologically designed to observe those dimensions, but that doesn’t mean they don’t exist. One way
of thinking about it is, Maybe the best way of thinking about it is the way that someone named Edwin
Abbott did it in the late 19th century in a book called flatland. And he said suppose there were two
dimensional creatures living in a two dimensional universe. They would have the same trouble
conceptualizing three dimensions that we have when we try to conceptualize more than three, such as
four. And so, he asked questions like, “What would observers in this two dimensional universe see, say,
if a three dimensional object like a sphere passed through the universe?” And what this flatland universe
would see would be a series of disks that grow in size and then decreased in size. In the same way that
we can certainly think about a two dimensional world inside a three dimensional world, it could be that
we observe three dimensions but really there are more. And if a hyper sphere say a four dimensional

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sphere passed through our universe, we would see a series of spheres that grew in size and then
decreased in size. The fact that we don’t observe those extra dimensions doesn’t mean they don’t exist.
And they are hard to conceptualize. They certainly are hard to visualize. But we can think about them
mathematically and conceptually without too much trouble.
(APEUni Website / App RL #252)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

33. Linguistic Training (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
I think with our linguistic training we also get all this invisible training to be authorities, to be the people
who know. It is part of that process that you come out as a world authority on your chosen subject. But
when we move into working with communities, we have to recognise that the communities have to be
the authority in their language. Actually, a woman in the class I'm teaching at Sydney at the moment, a
career woman, expressed this very nicely, although she was talking about something else, she was
distinguishing expertise from authority. And certainly linguists, because of our training we do, have
expertise in certain very narrow areas of language, but we don't have the authority over what to do with
that knowledge or what to do with other knowledge that the community produces. I guess for me the
bottom line is languages are lost because of the dominance of one people over another. That's not
rocket science, it's not hard to work that out. But then what that means is if in working with language
revival we continue to hold the authority, we actually haven't done anything towards undoing how
languages are lost in the first place, so in a sense the languages are still lost if the authority is still lost.
(APEUni Website / App RL #247)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

34. Earth v.s. Mars (Incomplete)


Points: A PPT is given, and you can read it accordingly. This lecture compares the conditions on the
earth and Mars, as well as the habitability of Mars. There are some similarities such as polar caps,
atmospheres and water climate. But Mars and the earth also have lots of differences. Even the most
inhabitable areas on the earth are way different from those on Mars. In preparing for the Phoenix
Mission, scientists have done Antarctica trial runs. The lecture also describes different forms of water
(hydrology) on the surface and underground of the earth and Mars.
(APEUni Website / App RL #246)

35. Advanced Machine (Audio Available)


Original:
The biotech engineering has undergone three phases. In the first phase, people designed and made
some simple machines, which aimed to help people understand ourselves. And first group of people that
realized we could learn from ourselves were engineers. And then, based on the studies, people began to
make complicated devices, in order to cure wounds, like the practice of suture, and to study physiology.
This is the second phase. Later, since we went into the third phase, more complicated machines have
been developed, like ECG (electrocardiography), able to have an insight of your internal body without
intruding it, which can show the human brain's functions. X-ray is a good example. In an X-ray picture,
you can see the bright area is the heart with some vessels around, and the dark area is the lungs. These
devices benefit humans greatly in solving health problems, such as diseases.
(APEUni Website / App RL #242)
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App to listen.

36. Visual Description (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
The comics I show you with lots of people chatting around in a room is a form of description. We use
different kinds of methods to describe a situation. Sometimes we have to use visual description,
particularly when we do not witness the scenario. I was born during the Second World War and my
hometown is X, for example when I asked my mother about the war, I always ask her you have mentioned
this or that when you talked to me when asked her about the shelter, I asked her what the shelter looks
like and when did you go to the shelter. From her response I could get more visual evidence as I can to
write my book.
(APEUni Website / App RL #199)
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App to listen.

37. Ship (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Our civilization, which subsumes most of its predecessors, is a great ship steaming at speed into the
future. It travels faster, further, and more laden than any before. We may not be able to foresee every
reef and hazard, but by reading her compass bearing and headway, by understanding her design, her
safety record, and the abilities of her crew, we can, I think, plot a wise course between the narrows and
bergs looming ahead. And I believe we must do this without delay, because there are too many
shipwrecks behind us. The vessel we are now aboard is not merely the biggest of all time; it is also the
only one left. The future of everything we have accomplished since our intelligence evolved will depend
on the wisdom of our actions over the next few years. Like all creatures, humans have made their way in
the world so far by trial and error; unlike other creatures, we have a presence so colossal that error is a
luxury we can no longer afford. The world has grown too small to forgive us any big mistakes.
(APEUni Website / App RL #235)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

38. Anti-HIV Program (Audio Available)


Original:
In India, a lot of people are working as community service workers. Quarterly meetings are held in order
to provide training and consultation to them, and thus they can understand how to prevent diseases
from spreading throughout the communities, such as HIV, which is difficult to be controlled. Such
precaution knowledge is taught by professionals from large hospitals and organizations. But in some
cities, large consultation is not suitable because it is hard for target groups to meet, who live in remote
areas. To deliver training to them, professional teams have to go across rivers.
(APEUni Website / App RL #234)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

39. Loggerhead Turtle (Incomplete)


Points: About loggerhead turtle, one of the largest turtles in the world, and almost distinct in the USA.
They have big heads and short necks. In September, 1986, scientists put a tracker on a turtle’s shell, and
used satellites to track and locate the migration route of the turtle. They reached different localities in
different time. The migration took three months, from the south Florida to the north. A map of the East

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Coast of the US is given and the turtle migration route and the year are marked it.
(APEUni Website / App RL #233)

40. Attention Span (Incomplete)


Points: 10 years ago, before the use of iPhone or iPad, people’s attention interval is about 25 minutes.
This number is good. However, nowadays the attention interval has dropped from 25min to only 8
seconds, which means our memories are shorter than that of a goldfish.
(APEUni Website / App RL #231)

41. Motivation (Incomplete)


Points: About two types of motivation, Approach Motivation and Avoidance Motivation. Approach
Motivation means moving to things that are positive, such as vocational plans. Avoidance Motivation is
driving away things that are negative and whose purpose is to reduce anxiety. Avoidance Motivation is
quite intense.
(APEUni Website / App RL #225)

42. Soot Emission (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Sometimes it's the little things that can make big things happen. Fleas and the plague, atoms and
nuclear bombs. Diminutive leaders in world history. Soot is one of these little things. Soot also known as
black carbon is released when you burn dung, coal, diesel fuel and wood. From Los Angeles to Mumbai,
soot causes respiratory illnesses like lung cancer and asthma and contributes to one point six million
premature deaths every year. Mostly among the poor. And it gets worse. Atmospheric currents carry soot
thousands of miles from where it is produced, to the Himalayas and the Arctic. Black carbon being
black, absorbs sunlight, so even a little soot on snow makes it melt faster. And when snow melts global
sea levels rise, threatening our freshwater indigenous communities and polar bears who hunt on the
Arctic ice. Climate Change has been a big thing for a while and carbon dioxide has been its main cause.
Scientists estimate that soot causes twenty five percent of human-caused global warming. It’s the
second leading cause of Arctic warming after carbon dioxide. Let’s not underestimate the impact of this
tiny particle. But there’s good news, reducing black carbon may be the fastest way to slow global
warming. Buy time for the Arctic. Yes even more so than changing a light bulb. Since black carbon only
stays in the atmosphere for a couple of weeks, reducing it will produce results immediately. Of course,
reducing soot alone won’t solve global warming, but solving our soot problem now will help buy time for
the Arctic and allow us to deal with the bigger problem of carbon dioxide. We have the cleaner
industries, cook stoves, and diesel now we have to use them. In developed nations, we’ve significantly
reduced our black carbon, but we still have much more to do. We need to tighten our standards at home
and invest in cleaner technologies in developing nations. In a world going on seven billion people, you
might feel rather little yourself. But if you urge the US government and the European Union to take the
lead on black carbon reduction, you can make a big difference.
(APEUni Website / App RL #223)
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App to listen.

43. Telescope (Incomplete)


Points: A video with a lady, standing, giving her lecture. About instruments used in space observation.
Telescopes should be put as high as possible. Via a telescope installed in higher areas, especially desert
and mountainous areas, people can observe distant objects clearer. They can also be placed in space,
such as the Hubble telescope, which have many functions, like transferring other planets' images back,

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and thus helping us understand the earth (or space?). Key words: solar energy, the length of telescope.
(APEUni Website / App RL #179)

44. Advertising Standard Authority (Incomplete)


Points: About ASA(Advertising Standard Authority), with HFSS( food high in fat, sugar and salt)
mentioned in the very final part. An organization, ASA(Advertising Standard Authority), is introduced, and
it helps consumers make healthy decisions in buying food and drinks, also helps consumers identify the
food contents in the labeling, like sugar, salt.
(APEUni Website / App RL #177)

45. Melatonin (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
I'm just going to take on where stuff left off. The hormone I want to now talk about it's called melatonin.
The synthesis is in the Pineal Gland, which is very small. It is the size of a pea in your brain. Descartes
called it the 'seat of soul', and it is where melatonin is made. And it has a rhythm as well. And in the
sense, it is the opposite of the cortisol. It peaks at night. We call it as the darkness hormone. In every
species that we studied, melatonin occurs at night. And it's hormone that prepares you for the things,
that your species, does at night. So, of course, in humans we sleep, but animals, like rodents, they are
awake. So, it's a hormone that is related to darkness behavior.
(APEUni Website / App RL #188)
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46. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (Audio Available)


Original:
Protons are finally transferred to the LHC (both in a clockwise and an anticlockwise direction) where
they are accelerated for 20 minutes to 6.5 TeV. Beams circulate for many hours inside the LHC beam
pipes under normal operating conditions. For each collision, the physicist's goal is to count, track and
characterize all the different particles. The charge of the particle, for instance, is obvious since particles
with positive electric charge bend one way and those with negative charge bend the opposite way. Also
the momentum of the particle can be determined. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest
particle accelerator lies in a tunnel. The LHC is a ring roughly 28km around that accelerates protons
almost to the speed of light before colliding them head-on. Protons are particles found in the atomic
nucleus, roughly one thousand-million-millionth of a meter in size. The LHC starts with a bottle of
hydrogen gas, which is sent through an electric field to strip away the electrons, leaving just the protons
Electric and magnetic fields are the key to a particle accelerator.
(APEUni Website / App RL #184)
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App to listen.

47. Animal Behavior (Audio Available)


Original:
We can ask 2 fundamental questions about animal behavior they referred to as proximate and ultimate.
Proximate questions are those concerned with the mechanisms that bring about behavior. Ultimate
questions are those concerned with the evolution of behavior. We can divide the proximate and ultimate
into 2 sub-questions. For proximate, how does behavior develop and secondly what causes the behavior.
For ultimate, you can ask how did the behavior evolve and secondly what is the adaptive of significance
of the behavior. What’s its purpose? Together these comprise what are called Tinbergen’s 4 questions

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about animal behavior. Niko Tinbergen was one of the founding fathers of the study of the animal
behaviors. These questions represent different ways of studying animal behavior and understanding the
difference between those 4 questions are fundamental to understanding behavior and indeed the whole
of biology. How do we study animal behavior? Well that depends on the type of question we’re hoping to
answer.
(APEUni Website / App RL #181)
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App to listen.

48. NGO V2 (Audio Available)


Original:
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a
conventional for–profit business. Usually set up by ordinary citizens, NGOs may be funded by
governments, foundations, businesses, or private persons. Some avoid formal funding altogether and are
run primarily by volunteers. NGOs are highly diverse groups of organizations engaged in a wide range of
activities, and take different forms in different parts of the world. Some may have charitable status, while
others may be registered for tax exemption based on recognition of social purposes. Others may be
fronts for political, religious, or other interests. The number of NGOs in the United States is estimated at
1.5 million. Russia has 277,000 NGOs. India is estimated to have had around 2 million NGOs in 2009,
just over one NGO per 600 Indians, and many times the number of primary schools and primary health
centres in India. NGOs are difficult to define, and the term ‘NGO’ is rarely used consistently. As a result,
there are many different classifications in use. The most common focus is on “orientation” and “level of
operation”. An NGO’s orientation refers to the type of activities it takes on. These activities might
include human rights, environmental, improving health, or development work. An NGO’s level of operation
indicates the scale at which an organization works, such as local, regional, national, or international.
Sample Answer: This lecture mainly talks about the non-governmental organization. NGOs may be
funded by governments, foundations, businesses or private persons. The number of NGOs in the US is
1.5 million and India has around 2 million in 2009. It is difficult to define NGO as the activities are highly
diverse, some may have charitable status while others maybe registered for tax exemption.
(APEUni Website / App RL #175)
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49. Australia’s Export (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Thanks for this opportunity to speak about Australia's engagement with Asia from the perspective of
trade and in particular to say a few words about what trade is doing in this, in this space. And I'm
particularly pleased to be addressing trade and investment not just of course because these two things
are inextricably linked but also of course because Australia reports to Australia's first ever Minister for
trade and investment. Asia's importance to Australia's economy is growing by the day. It is one of the
most important factors to consider. When assessing the International conditions for national prosperity
Asian demand for our exports has helped Australia manage the global financial crisis better than most
other developed economies. In fact, probably better than all other developed economies. An investment
from Asia has added to the productive capacity of the economy and to overall productivity in 2013.
Seven of our top ten export markets were in Asia and represented 65 percent of our total exports. Asian
markets and Australia's geographic proximity are critical not just for our trade ties and our capacity to
access important global supply chains, but also to the level of foreign investment in Australia. FDI has
grown markedly in Australia over the past decade. In fact it has more than doubled from about two

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hundred ninety two billion dollars to 630 billion dollars in 2013.


(APEUni Website / App RL #216)
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App to listen.

50. Automobile Exhausts (Incomplete)


Points: Pollution caused by automobile exhausts occurr in Washington. People advocate improvement of
the choice of transportation, and people should reduce the use of automobiles.
(APEUni Website / App RL #209)

51. America’s Economic Size (Incomplete)


Points: In terms of the size of economy, the US economy is more than the total amount of China, Japan
UK and Germany. In terms of the industrial output, US output is $2.8 trillion, but it only equals to the sum
of China and Japan.
(APEUni Website / App RL #205)

52. Teaching (Incomplete)


Points: About how teachers should cope with the educational revolution. Traditionally, teachers use
desks, chairs, paper and pencil to teach children handwriting and reading from paper. With the
technological development, the way of teaching has been radically changed. Teachers are using new
technology in classrooms. Education in the future will be focusing on developing children's critical
thinking skills.
(APEUni Website / App RL #201)

53. Beautiful Melbourne (Incomplete)


Points: A picture of Flinders Station,and a female speaker speaking fast. Melbourne is a beauty city,
but can be better. Industrialization is mentioned, which has changed people's lives. People used to go to
only near places, but now people who don't have their own vehicles can go further because public
transportation help them travel long distance. It’s important to do……Diversity contributes a lot to the
market and its culture.
(APEUni Website / App RL #195)

54. Wind Power (Incomplete)


Points: In Australia wind power is just 1% of the whole; But in Denmark, wind power has a larger
proportion; In other countries, hydropower has a larger proportion.
(APEUni Website / App RL #196)

55. Pavlov Experiment (Audio Available)


Original:
During this time my goals are going to be to talk about the phenomenon that we may share impart with
other animals, and our language and that is emotion. And also talk about some new technology, brain
imaging, functional magnetic imaging. And we try to answer some very old questions about 'how does
motivation and emotion work'. I’m going to put you with the scenario first and some of you may be
familiar with. This was developed by Pavlov over a century years ago. And in this scenario the dog
presented with the sound, the dog waits, and then feeds food powder and this happened repeatedly,
things starts to happen in the middle of the experiment there. Interesting things start to happen here.
Pavlov’s study was on the salivation of the dog, the salivation increases more time to paralyzes. But
other things happened here, too. You have a dog move around here more, all kinds of things are going

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on here. What we trying to capture was the experiment 11m going on to describe today is what is going
on in the brain to generate that state which we called it competitive state. But you can also think about
state in terms of how the dogs' feeling layer, how you are feeling about eating lunch today.
(APEUni Website / App RL #165)
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56. Springtime (Audio Available)


Original:
The Earth’s temperature is rising. And as it does, springtime phenomena—like the first bloom of flowers
—are getting earlier and earlier. But rising temperatures aren't the only factor. Urban light pollution is
also quickening the coming of spring. "So temperature and light are really contributing to a double
whammy of making everything earlier." Richard ffrench-Constant, an entomologist at the University of
Exeter. He and his colleagues compiled 13 years of data from citizen scientists in the U.K., who tracked
the first bud burst of four common trees. Turns out, light pollution—from streetlights in cities, and along
roads—pushed bud burst a full week earlier. Way beyond what rising temperatures could achieve. This
disruptive timing can ripple through the ecosystem. "The caterpillars that feed on trees are trying to
match the hatching of their eggs to the timing of bud burst. Because the caterpillars want to feed on the
juiciest and least chemically protected leaves. And it's not just the caterpillars, of course, that are
important. But the knock-on effect is on nesting birds, which are also trying to hatch their chicks at the
same time that there's the maximum number of caterpillars." So earlier buds could ultimately affect the
survival of birds, and beyond. The findings are in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. The world's
becoming increasingly urbanized, and light pollution is growing—which ffrench-Constant says could trick
trees into budding earlier and earlier. But smarter lighting—like LEDs that dial down certain wavelengths
—could help. "Perhaps the exciting thing is, if we understand more about how light affects this bud
burst, we might be able to devise smarter sort of street lighting that has less red components, and
therefore less early bud burst." Thus keeping springtime an actual springtime phenomenon.
(APEUni Website / App RL #161)
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57. Arctic and Antarctic (Audio Available)


Original:
So, when we talk about the polar regions, just to clarify exactly what we mean. And we have first of all
the Arctic at the top of the earth and the Antarctic at the bottom, and so the Arctic was named after the
Greek word for bear. Now surprisingly it’s not after the polar bears that live in the Antarctic or live in the
Arctic and based on it’s after the little and great bear constellations that can be seen in the sky. Now the
Greek also hypothesize that there would be the Anti-arctic, which is how we get the name Antarctica
and of course it wasn’t discovered until much later on. Now these regions are opposite in many ways
other than just their names and their location on the globe, and so if we look at the arctic first of all, and
the Arctic is actually ocean surrounded by land, and so you can see here this is the UK down here and
this kind of Russia and then American Canada around here, and so there is a bit of land cover in our ice
on the top in the Arctic, which is Greenland here and Macie all this area here. Surprisingly a lot of
people don’t realize that this isn’t actually land. The north pole isn’t on land. It’s just one big ocean.
(APEUni Website / App RL #157)
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58. London Taxi Drivers (Audio Available)


Original:
But we can really thank the Great Exhibition of 1851 for giving us the world’s premier taxi service, for it
was going to this exhibition, and this fabulous exhibition inventions from all around the four corners of
the Empire that the visitors were appalled, dismayed and vexed by their journeys to this exhibition
because the cabbies of the day, and their horse-drawn carts were absolutely terrible, could not find their
way to this exhibition. And, so, a great public outcry, the London Authority sets up Public Carriage
Office, which is an organization that still exists. And you can take a short walk to Penton Street up the
road. And this Public Carriage office took on the responsibility of licensing all major taxi drivers in
London. All taxi drivers from 1851 onwards had to pass what is now known as the London knowledge,
was phenomenal knowledge of London. What is the London knowledge? It’s the ability to remember the
25,000 streets, have it all interconnected and all the main arterial roads in and out of London. Cabbies
need to know all this plus a thousand points of specific interest cafes, bars, public offices. They need to
know them all as part of their training.
(APEUni Website / App RL #154)
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59. Shy Fish (Audio Available)


Original:
But a new study of fish called sticklebacks shows that shy individuals actually prefer to follow fish that
are similarly timid. Researchers had trios of sticklebacks with known personalities play follow the leader.
The fish were placed in a tank that had some plastic plants at one end and some food hidden at the
other. In some of the groups, a bold fish and a shy fish acted as leaders, while another shy fish followed.
And in other groups, it was a bold fish that did the following. The researchers recorded whether the
follower sallied forth more frequently with the fish that was behaviorally similar or the one that was
different. What they found is that shy fish were more likely to emerge from undercover when an equally
wary fellow was already out there. Bold follower fish did not seem to care which leader they followed. Of
course, no matter which fish a stickleback chose to stick with, the bold fish did lead more expeditions
over the course of the experiment than their more retiring friends. That's because the bold fish initiated
more trips, regardless of who might be tailing them. The researchers write that "when offered a choice
of leaders, sticklebacks prefer to follow individuals whose personality matches their own, but bolder
individuals may, nevertheless, be able to impose their leadership, even among shy followers, simply
through greater effort."
(APEUni Website / App RL #153)
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60. Happiness (Audio Available)


Original:
As Joanne pointed out, only one country, tiny little Bhutan, wedged between China and India, has
adopted the Gross National Happiness as the central index of the government policy, and actually has a
good deal of success in education and in health and in economic growth and in environmental
preservation. They have a rather sophisticated way of measuring the effects of different policies on
people's happiness. They are the only country to go that far. But you are now beginning to get other
countries interested enough to do kind of white paper policy analyses of happiness research—what
effects would it have if we used it more for public policy? You are beginning to get countries like
Australia, France, Great Britain, that are considering publishing regular statistics on happiness. So it is

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beginning to become a subject of greater interest for policymakers and legislators in different advanced
countries.
(APEUni Website / App RL #150)
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61. Sugar (Audio Available)


Original:
There's sugar in a lot of foods where you don't expect it. Of course there's lots of sugar in donuts of ice
cream, or pastries, or other things that are sweet; candy of course, but there are other places where you
see it and you don't necessarily expect it. So as an example: peanut butter. Here's a list of ingredients
from Skippy Peanut Butter and you see that sugar is the second most common ingredient. So that you
may know from the reading food labels that these ingredients in any food labels that are listed in order
of how much there is in the food itself, so sugar comes right after peanuts. Here's another example,
Beef stew, you wouldn't necessarily expected to find sugar in beef stew but it's there. Now it's down the
list of ingredients, it's actually toward the end, but if you look at the marketing of this and food at the
can, it says, there's fresh potatoes and carrots, but actually there's more sugar in this than there is
carrots. And so you wouldn't eat something like beef stew and expect to find this to be the case.
(APEUni Website / App RL #148)
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62. Early Robot (Audio Available)


Original:
This is a kind of object that you're probably all familiar with when you had the term robot, but I'm gonna
show you the very, very first robots. These were the very first robots. They were characters in a play in
the 1920s called Rossum's Universal Robots and they, the play was written by Czech writer called Karel
Capek. And basically, these robots, you know, people tend to think of robots as kind of cute cuddly toys
or, you know, Hollywood depictions kind of devoid of politics. But the first robots were actually created
and imagined in a time of absolute political turmoil. You just had the First World War, you know, it
finished had a devastating impact across Europe and so people will kind and people are kind of
reflecting on what does it mean to be human, what makes us human, those kinds of question. And this
kind of context is what inspired Capek to kind of write this play. And interestingly, these robots being
human, they are actually in the play assembled on a production line, a bit like the Ford manufacturing
production line. So even though they are human, they are assembled and these robots are designed to
labor, and that is their primary purpose in society.
(APEUni Website / App RL #124)
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63. Climate Change (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Climate change, some adverse effects of climate changes to agricultural productions. Some lands are
unsuitable for growing crops. There will be millions of people facing hunger in Africa in the future.
Climate change will result in less production and less food. It is difficult for developing countries to deal
with climate change due to their financial status and other issues. There are many people living in hunger
especially in Africa. The climate change has devastating effects on world economy. The tropical areas
on earth are dry and hot, and are originally not suitable for food production. The change of the climate

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leads to extreme weather conditions such as flood and hurricane, which exacerbates the food
production. As a result, it leads to a continuous decline in food supply annually around 10-17%. And this
trend is perceived to be continue in the future by 2070. The regions suffering the most will be some
African countries.
(APEUni Website / App RL #141)
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64. Genome Structural Variation (Audio Available)


Original:
But I'm going to focus on today, is really different larger forms of genetic variation involving essentially
gains losses and inversions of sequence. so showing here is a 30 in the simple diagram. we have an
example of some structural variation operationally defined as events greater than a KB in size. so we
have pieces of DNA that sometimes become deleted. we have pieces of DNA that sometimes become
duplicated on chromosomes and regions which can be in fact inverted or turned around with respect to
another orientation. so this very busy map here represents probably about three years of work in my lab,
just to kind of characterize the general pattern of structural variation in eight human genomes. so shown
here are different human chromosomes for from African, and for from non-African the distinctions really
aren't that important, but what I'm showing you here, is the presence of insertions deletions and
inversions as red as blue red and green and so each line here represents a different human genome that
has been analyzed looking for structural variation of events greater than 5,000 base pairs in size, so a
couple things you can maybe get from. this is you can see that there's a lot of genetic variation out
there , that is above the level of single base pair change and most of the events that you're seeing here
are essentially inherited , but we now know based on studying roughly about 2,000 human genomes, but
there's a significant fraction of very large events often hundreds of KB in size that are either individually
specific or specific to specific families , so this is kind of changing our view of the dynamic nature of
the human genome.
(APEUni Website / App RL #129)
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65. Night Sky Darkness (Audio Available)


Original:
Our friends at the Highlands Museum and Discovery Center in Ashland, Kentucky, asked a very good
question. Why is it dark in space?That question is not as simple as it may sound. You might think that
space appears dark at night because that is when our side of Earth faces away from the Sun as our
planet rotates on its axis every 24 hours. But what about all those other far away suns that appear as
stars in the night sky? Our own Milky Way galaxy contains over 200 billion stars, and the entire universe
probably contains over 100 billion galaxies. You might suppose that that many stars would light up the
night like daytime!Until the 20th century, astronomers didn't think it was even possible to count all the
stars in the universe. They thought the universe went on forever. In other words, they thought the
universe was infinite.Besides being very hard to imagine, the trouble with an infinite universe is that no
matter where you look in the night sky, you should see a star. Stars should overlap each other in the sky
like tree trunks in the middle of a very thick forest. But, if this were the case, the sky would be blazing
with light. This problem greatly troubled these astronomers and became known as "Olbers' Paradox." A
paradox is a statement that seems to disagree with itself.To try to explain the paradox, some 19th
century scientists thought that dust clouds between the stars must be absorbing a lot of the starlight so
it wouldn't shine through to us. But later scientists realized that the dust itself would absorb so much

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energy from the starlight that eventually it would glow as hot and bright as the stars
themselves.Astronomers now realize that the universe is not infinite. A finite universe—that is, a universe
of limited size—even one with trillions and trillions of stars, just wouldn't have enough stars to light up all
of space.Although the idea of a finite universe explains why Earth's sky is dark at night, other causes
work to make it even darker.
(APEUni Website / App RL #139)
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66. Marshmallow Test (Audio Available)


Original:
Let's take a look at this video of these little kids they were offered the option of having one
marshmallow immediately now or two marshmallows 15 minutes later and you've got some very cute
video tape of this experiment. So let's take a look okay, what we found is a very simple and direct way of
measuring a competence that seems to make an important life difference a researcher tells these
preschoolers that she's going to leave the room if they wait for her to come back without eating the
marshmallows. They'll get two marshmallows or they can ring the bell and she'll come back right away
but then they only get one marshmallow. I would baby though you won't ring the bell. okay, looking at
children over time. Dr. Michelle has found that being able to wait longer at four has some pretty powerful
implications and what are those powerful implications is that that later in life. They're more discipline
and have more self-control is that pretty much it. Well, they are more likely to achieve their life goals.
They have better relationships. They did better on their SI is crazy all because they waited 15 minutes for
don't wash me, and I think it is crazy. I probably would have eaten all three but yeah me too. But um you
know actually yes, the ability to be able to pursue your goals in this case it was stabbed two
marshmallows versus one and not going automatic and just grabbed the marshmallow is a very important
skill, but I think a main point in mind in the making is that these skills can be caught, taught if you' re 14
or 40 or or four it's not ever too late and any child can learn the many adult can teach them and it's
never too late.
(APEUni Website / App RL #123)
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67. Museum (Audio Available)


Original:
From Boston to Los Angeles, from New York City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are either planning,
building, or wrapping up wholesale expansion programs. These programs already have radically altered
facades and floor plans or are expected to do so in the not-too-distant future. In New York City alone,
six major institutions have spread up and out into the air space and neighborhoods around them or are
preparing to do so. The reasons for this confluence of activity are complex, but one factor is a
consideration everywhere - space. With collections expanding, with the needs and functions of museums
changing, empty space has become a very precious commodity. Probably nowhere in the country is this
more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has needed additional space for decades and
which received its last significant facelift ten years ago. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum
has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases
passing up opportunities to strengthen its collections. Deaccessing - or selling off - works of art has
taken on new importance because of the museum's space problems. And increasingly, curators have
been forced to juggle gallery space, rotating one masterpiece into public view while another is sent to
storage. Despite the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however," the museum has no

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plan, no plan to break out of its envelope in the next fifteen years," according to Philadelphia Museum of
Art's president.
(APEUni Website / App RL #90)
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68. Archaeology (Audio Available)


Original:
Archaeology is a source of history, not just a bumble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are
historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts, Just as much as any other
historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human
world in which we live - and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social
environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or,
more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may
be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the
consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the
more familiar kind based upon written records. Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and
you hear as vibrations6 in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great
historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are
captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may
"change the course of history," but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint. What
is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen,
grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under
very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduce to mere
scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate
techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen
soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.
(APEUni Website / App RL #84)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

69. Bomb Calorimeter (Audio Available)


Original:
This is a bomb calorimeter; this is the actual piece of equipment that researchers used to calculate the
energy content of either biodiesel or maybe even the potato chips that you had for lunch today. When
they calculate the amount of energy. They’re going to calculate it in heat unites which would either be
joules or calories. I want you to look inside the bomb calorimeter inside here, you can see that there’s a
silver bucket water goes all in here and this is actually the bomb is the smaller silver cylinder what you
do is put your fuel sample in there then these two electrodes are connected to the bomb. These provide
the spark that will ignite your sample when your sample burns or combust that gives off energy. So how
is the energy collected or how did a scientist figure out how much energy is being given off. Well, it’s a
closed system, there’s a lid here that goes on top of this calorimeter and what’s in here in the lid is a
stirrer. The stir is going to stir the water. That’s in this big pool here so that the heat given off from the
sample is going to warm the water in a uniform way. This is the temperature probe, this goes down in
the water also and measures the change in temperature because as the sample is burned, it will give off
heat and the temperature the water will increase. So the lid goes on the sample is prepared. The last
thing that you need to make a combustion reaction happen is oxygen and at some point during the
process, some oxygen is added by a tank. That’s connected to the calorimeter here. So we are going to

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burn a sample of the biodiesel that you’ve prepared and get some feedback on the energy content of it.
You’ll be able to use this to compare it to petroleum-based fuels like octane.
(APEUni Website / App RL #72)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

70. Licking and Grooming (Audio Available)


Original:
So the way a mother rat takes care of its pups is by licking and grooming, nipple switching an arch back
nursing. So the rats that do a lot of licking and grooming and their last rats that rule very little. But most
rats are in between. So that resembles a human human behavious as well, right, you have mothers that
are highly mothering and mothers that couldn't care less and most mothers are somewhere in between.
So if you look at these rats. So all you do you observe them and put them in separate cages. So you put
the high lickers in one cage not the mothers, but the offspring and the low lickers in another cage and
then you let them grow and they're adults now, their mothers are long buried and you look in the brain
and you see that those who had high licking mothers express a lot of glucocorticoid receptor, gene and
though so our lawmakers express know that reflects a number of factors and that results in a different
stress response, but this is not the only difference. We found later on there are hundreds of genes that
are differently expressed. So if you get in a mutation, you know polymorphism once in a million. Here,
just the motherly lauching just hundreds of genes in one shot and it changes them in a very stable way
that you can look at the old rat and you can say whether it was licked or not. But you can also save by
behavior. So if you walk to the cages to the room the rats that were poorly lit are highly anxious, hard to
handle, aggressive, and , and the rats that were very well handled as as off as little pups. They are much
more relaxed much easier to handle. So you know, like every technician in the lab knows looking at the
adult rat how it was licked when it was a little tough any question , of course, mechanism , how does
this work?
(APEUni Website / App RL #75)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

71. Brain (Audio Available)


Original:
The brain is basically built from the bottom up first the brain builds basic circuits that are responsible for
basic skills, and then more complex circuits are built on top of those basic circuits as we develop more
complex skills. Biologically, the brain is prepared to be shaped by experience. It’s expecting the
experiences that a young child has to literally influence the formation of its circuitry it’s built into our
biology. The interaction between genetics and experience that shapes brain architecture is embedded in
a reciprocal relationship, the relationships that children have with the adults in their lives. And by that we
mean what we refer to as the serve-and-return nature of children’s interaction with their adults
development. And the impact of experience on development is not a one-way street. It’s a back-and-
forth interaction. The brain is a highly integrated organ which has multiple sections that specialize in
different kind of processes, so we have parts of the brain that are involved more in cognitive function
and other parts that are involved in processing of emotion and parts involved in seeing and hearing. So if
a child is emotionally kind of…well…put together and socially competent, that will affect more positive
and productive learning. And if a child is preoccupied with fears or anxiety or is dealing with considerable
stress no matter how intellectually gifted that child might be, his or her learning is going to be impaired
by that kind of emotional interference.
(APEUni Website / App RL #66)

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There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

72. Infinite Monkey Theorem (Audio Available)


Original:
This illustration often used is the one that the monkeys and the typewriters. Ok, we have a monkey
sitting at a typewriter and the claim here is basically if you leave chance in time long enough you will get
life, don't worry about it, yes, its's strange, yes, it's wonderful, but leave enough matter 600 million years
on earth and you will have life. So, the monkey sitting at the typewriter the chances are eventually he
produces the complete works of Shakespeare so what's the problem. So, there's no problem. There's no
issue, right? You just leave it long enough and you'll find. And one key striker seconds, the monkey might
well eventually get to you the complete works of Shakespeare but he doesn't manage to do it in 600
million years. So, what I decided to do is to run the numbers. I, instead of saying typing the complete
work of Shakespeare, I just run the numbers for how long would it take a monkey typing one key striker
a second. To type "to be or not to be that is the question'. Right? On average how long is it gonna take
my monkey friend one keystroke a second. I don't know how you think it would be. Maybe you could have
a guess. Would it be less or more than 600 million years, which is the period life on earth isn't supposed
to have emerge within and when I run the numbers" to be or not to be is the question' takes 12.6 trillion
trillion trillion years to type just that phrase and a DNA string that complexity emerges by chance
undirected within 600 million years? Again, it's mathematically possible but it's so incredibly unlikely that
it would have that it tilts me in favor of the Christian story in which God creating life, simply a question
of saying let that be and there was.
(APEUni Website / App RL #62)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

73. Trade-off Triangle (Audio Available)


Original:
Well, it‘s about whether you can achieve a win-win solution, whether you can achieve economic growth
which brings wealth in order to cut poverty without damaging the biodiversity. And the argument is that
if you want to protect biodiversity, you have to focus on that as a goal; but if you do that, you have…
you run the risk of hurting the poor and you also run the risk of inconveniencing and reducing the
economic growth. We use the developed and industrialized countries to see this argument, this axis
argued about with, let us say, a government wishing to start drilling for oil in place X which is full of
wildlife, and wildlife conservation society is urging them not to on the grounds that it’s a wilderness
refuge. We use to that debate. What I’m saying is that in the developing world there’s a third axis and
it’s a complex one.
(APEUni Website / App RL #60)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

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Answer Short Question


Audio Available: There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at
APEUni Website / App to listen.

1. If you have an appointment on Wednesday, and today is Thursday, you will have the appointment
'yesterday' or 'tomorrow'?
Answer: Yesterday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1731) (Audio Available)

2. What do we call the clothing that covers the hand with individual sections for each finger?
Answer: Glove (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1689) (Audio Available)

3. What is the hair called that grows on the skin of a sheep?


Answer: Wool / fleece (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1688) (Audio Available)

4. What is the opposite of 'affluence'?


Answer: Poverty (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1687) (Audio Available)

5. Which one do you spend longer time in, eating, drinking or sleep?
Answer: Sleep (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1686) (Audio Available)

6. What is the verb that means employing someone or renting something?


Answer: Hire (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1682) (Audio Available)

7. Points:
Answer: (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1681) (Incomplete)

8. Points:
Answer: (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1677) (Incomplete)

9. What do we call an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of something?
Answer: Discount / reduction (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1676) (Audio Available)

10. What is the generic term for gold, silver and copper?
Answer: Metal (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1675) (Audio Available)

11. Points: What is the field of study?


Answer: Geography (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1674) (Incomplete)

12. Which continent is Canada located in?


Answer: North America (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1673) (Audio Available)

13. What is the opposite of the minus sign?


Answer: Plus sign (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1672) (Audio Available)

14. What is the food that is used in a recipe?


Answer: Ingredient (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1671) (Audio Available)

15. What is the colorful sticker that is attached to an envelope?


Answer: Stamp (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1669) (Audio Available)

16. What is the summary at the beginning of an academic paper called?

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Answer: Abstract (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1668) (Audio Available)

17. What is the part powering a car, ship or an aircraft?


Answer: Engine (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1666) (Audio Available)

18. What is the famous canal linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Indian Ocean?
Answer: Suez (APEUni Website / App ASQ #305) (Audio Available)

19. What is the generic term for a person who once had the same title as you have now?
Answer: Predecessor (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1664) (Audio Available)

20. What type of body covering helps to insulate burns?


Answer: Dressing / bandage (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1663) (Audio Available)

21. What do we say if we call brothers and sisters in a same way?


Answer: Siblings (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1659) (Audio Available)

22. If a driver drives the car, what does a pilot do to the plane?
Answer: Fly / flies (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1654) (Audio Available)

23. What type of work is a sabbatical a lengthy time away from?


Answer: Teaching (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1651) (Audio Available)

24. What do we call a statement presented in court by a defendant or a lawyer?


Answer: Plea (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1650) (Audio Available)

25. What is the straight line between the center of a circle and any point on its outer edge?
Answer: Radius (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1649) (Audio Available)

26. What do we call the weather conditions like rain, hail, etc.?
Answer: Precipitation (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1646) (Audio Available)

27. What is the synonym of 'destiny'?


Answer: Fate / fortune (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1641) (Audio Available)

28. What do we call a vehicle equipped for carrying the injured or sick?
Answer: Ambulance (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1530) (Audio Available)

29. What does the color green help for?


Answer: Sight / eyesight (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1524) (Audio Available)

30. How often is a quarterly journal published?


Answer: Every three months / once a quarter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1517) (Audio Available)

31. What is the part of the leg below the thigh?


Answer: Shank / calf (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1507) (Audio Available)

32. What do we call the industry which involves designing, building and flying of aircrafts?
Answer: Aviation (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1502) (Audio Available)

33. What do you call the medicine that is used against headache?
Answer: Pain killer / painkiller (APEUni Website / App ASQ #363) (Audio Available)

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34. What do we call the female's partner in a marital relation?


Answer: Husband (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1465) (Audio Available)

35. What do you call the brother of your father or mother?


Answer: Uncle (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1458) (Audio Available)

36. What is the top surface inside the room?


Answer: Ceiling (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1359) (Audio Available)

37. What do you call your cousin's father?


Answer: Uncle (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1331) (Audio Available)

38. What do we call drawings or writing on a wall, especially in a public place?


Answer: Graffiti (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1257) (Audio Available)

39. What do we call the people who move from one country to another country, usually for work or a
better life?
Answer: Migrants (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1192) (Audio Available)

40. How do we describe the food that is not cooked?


Answer: Raw / uncooked (APEUni Website / App ASQ #1143) (Audio Available)

41. What do we call the line between a sunset and the sea?
Answer: Sea-sky-line / horizon (APEUni Website / App ASQ #90) (Audio Available)

42. Which part of our body is related to the word "optical"?


Answer: Eye (APEUni Website / App ASQ #988) (Audio Available)

43. When we say someone is doing the B.A. in history or literature in the university, what does B.A. stand
for?
Answer: Bachelor of arts (APEUni Website / App ASQ #986) (Audio Available)

44. When you bake a cake, what do you put the cake into?
Answer: Oven (APEUni Website / App ASQ #980) (Audio Available)

45. What is the barrier that can prevent floods from damaging our home?
Answer: Dam (APEUni Website / App ASQ #979) (Audio Available)

46. What is the antonym of 'entrance'?


Answer: Exit (APEUni Website / App ASQ #978) (Audio Available)

47. What includes everything in the world such as stars and planets?
Answer: Universe / cosmos (APEUni Website / App ASQ #977) (Audio Available)

48. What does the word 'T V' stand for?


Answer: Television (APEUni Website / App ASQ #974) (Audio Available)

49. Who serves and helps passengers in a plane?


Answer: Flight attendant / cabin crew / air hostess / steward / stewardess (APEUni Website / App ASQ
#964) (Audio Available)

50. Who flies an airplane?

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Answer: Pilot (APEUni Website / App ASQ #957) (Audio Available)

51. What do we call a person who leaves college before finishing the studies?
Answer: Dropout (APEUni Website / App ASQ #952) (Audio Available)

52. What do we call a group of sheep or birds?


Answer: Flock (APEUni Website / App ASQ #950) (Audio Available)

53. What do we call a political institution or body that is responsible for a country?
Answer: Government (APEUni Website / App ASQ #949) (Audio Available)

54. What is 'BA' for, such as history and literature?


Answer: Bachelor of arts (APEUni Website / App ASQ #948) (Audio Available)

55. What do we call a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document?
Answer: Abstract / summary (APEUni Website / App ASQ #923) (Audio Available)

56. What do we call a person who is in charge of a meeting?


Answer: Chairman / chairwoman / chairperson (APEUni Website / App ASQ #922) (Audio Available)

57. What do we call the head of a court?


Answer: Judge (APEUni Website / App ASQ #921) (Audio Available)

58. What is the room in which you keep things when you don't need them?
Answer: Storeroom (APEUni Website / App ASQ #904) (Audio Available)

59. What do we call a set of answers to exercises or problems?


Answer: Key (APEUni Website / App ASQ #902) (Audio Available)

60. What is the verb that describes traveling on boat?


Answer: Cruise / voyage / sail (APEUni Website / App ASQ #901) (Audio Available)

61. Who is a person who gives evidence in court?


Answer: Witness (APEUni Website / App ASQ #900) (Audio Available)

62. What do you call the daughter of your sister or brother?


Answer: Niece (APEUni Website / App ASQ #899) (Audio Available)

63. Where do passengers stand waiting for a train in the railway station?
Answer: Platform (APEUni Website / App ASQ #229) (Audio Available)

64. What is the process of choosing a person for a position by voting?


Answer: election (APEUni Website / App ASQ #898) (Audio Available)

65. What is the opposite of horizontal?


Answer: vertical (APEUni Website / App ASQ #890) (Audio Available)

66. What fruit category includes orange, mandarin and lemon?


Answer: citrus (APEUni Website / App ASQ #879) (Audio Available)

67. What do we call a person who pays rent to the landlord?


Answer: lessee / tenant (APEUni Website / App ASQ #866) (Audio Available)

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68. What are the animals that have fins?


Answer: fish (APEUni Website / App ASQ #856) (Audio Available)

69. What do we use to get to the third floor when the elevator is broken?
Answer: Stairs / stairway (APEUni Website / App ASQ #852) (Audio Available)

70. What is the opposite of maximum?


Answer: minimum (APEUni Website / App ASQ #849) (Audio Available)

71. What do we call someone who studies languages?


Answer: linguist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #833) (Audio Available)

72. What do we call a group of mountains such as the Himalayas?


Answer: range (APEUni Website / App ASQ #832) (Audio Available)

73. In winter, what activities do people usually do on snow mountains by standing on long, thin boards?
Answer: skiing (APEUni Website / App ASQ #831) (Audio Available)

74. What do we call a person who buy things in a shop?


Answer: customer / buyer / shopper (APEUni Website / App ASQ #830) (Audio Available)

75. What instrument would you use when you want to weigh something up?
Answer: scale (APEUni Website / App ASQ #829) (Audio Available)

76. What is the storyline or the series of scenes of novels, movies, short stories or plays?
Answer: plot (APEUni Website / App ASQ #828) (Audio Available)

77. What is the subject to study the past events?


Answer: history (APEUni Website / App ASQ #823) (Audio Available)

78. What is the opposite of "dangerous"?


Answer: safe (APEUni Website / App ASQ #817) (Audio Available)

79. We call numbers like one, three, five odd numbers, then what do we call numbers like two, four, six?
Answer: even (APEUni Website / App ASQ #816) (Audio Available)

80. What do we call people who help others get insurance?


Answer: insurance agents / insurance brokers (APEUni Website / App ASQ #812) (Audio Available)

81. What is the opposite of majority?


Answer: minority (APEUni Website / App ASQ #809) (Audio Available)

82. What do we call a car that needs to be charged?


Answer: electric car (APEUni Website / App ASQ #802) (Audio Available)

83. What is the low land between two hills or mountains?


Answer: Valley / canyon / trough (APEUni Website / App ASQ #795) (Audio Available)

84. What do we call the selling and transporting of goods to another country?
Answer: export / exportation (APEUni Website / App ASQ #778) (Audio Available)

85. Where are goods stored before sale?

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Answer: Warehouse / inventory / stock / storeroom (APEUni Website / App ASQ #777)
(Audio Available)

86. In sport, what do we call the cloths that we wear and end above the knee?
Answer: Shorts (APEUni Website / App ASQ #776) (Audio Available)

87. What do we call a child who will soon be a teenager?


Answer: preteen / tween (APEUni Website / App ASQ #775) (Audio Available)

88. What is the study of religion called?


Answer: theology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #760) (Audio Available)

89. What do people usually use to cut food in the plate?


Answer: Knife (APEUni Website / App ASQ #755) (Audio Available)

90. Points:
Answer: (APEUni Website / App ASQ #754) (Incomplete)

91. Points: What do we call a long narrow piece of land almost completely surrounded by water?
Answer: peninsula (APEUni Website / App ASQ #746) (Incomplete)

92. What do you call a statue or a building that is dedicated in memory of someone?
Answer: Monument / memorial (APEUni Website / App ASQ #740) (Audio Available)

93. What kind of food that vegetarians do not eat?


Answer: meat (APEUni Website / App ASQ #370) (Audio Available)

94. Points: There are three eggs, what is the location of the special egg?
Answer: on the right (there is a picture including three eggs: the left two have eggshells while the right
one does not (APEUni Website / App ASQ #735) (Incomplete)

95. Points: What is this instrument?


Answer: Telescope (APEUni Website / App ASQ #638) (Incomplete)

96. What do pedestrians move by?


Answer: foot / feet (APEUni Website / App ASQ #626) (Audio Available)

97. What is the opposite of north?


Answer: south (APEUni Website / App ASQ #732) (Audio Available)

98. What is the heading at the top of an article or page in a newspaper or magazine?
Answer: headline (APEUni Website / App ASQ #731) (Audio Available)

99. What is the term used to describe a period of seven days?


Answer: week (APEUni Website / App ASQ #730) (Audio Available)

100. What do you call the diagram which includes X-axis and Y-axis?
Answer: coordinate system (APEUni Website / App ASQ #728) (Audio Available)

101. How many years are there in a century?


Answer: one hundred (APEUni Website / App ASQ #727) (Audio Available)

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102. What organ on your face do you breathe with?


Answer: nose (APEUni Website / App ASQ #723) (Audio Available)

103. How do you describe a line that segments a circle?


Answer: chord (APEUni Website / App ASQ #722) (Audio Available)

104. What do humans and animals need to inhale for survival?


Answer: air / oxygen (APEUni Website / App ASQ #721) (Audio Available)

105. What can bring astronauts to space?


Answer: spacecraft (APEUni Website / App ASQ #720) (Audio Available)

106. What is the opposite direction of sunrise?


Answer: west (APEUni Website / App ASQ #719) (Audio Available)

107. What do we use to launch a space shuttle?


Answer: rocket / booster (APEUni Website / App ASQ #718) (Audio Available)

108. What do we call the treatment in which people use needles to ease others' pain?
Answer: acupuncture (APEUni Website / App ASQ #717) (Audio Available)

109. If a building is one thousand meters high, from where do we measure the height?
Answer: sea level (APEUni Website / App ASQ #228) (Audio Available)

110. If someone tells something funny to you, what is your reaction?


Answer: laugh / laughing (APEUni Website / App ASQ #716) (Audio Available)

111. What is the act of reusing waste materials?


Answer: recycling (APEUni Website / App ASQ #715) (Audio Available)

112. Which part of our body does a gastroscope look into?


Answer: stomach (APEUni Website / App ASQ #714) (Audio Available)

113. How many days are there in a fortnight?


Answer: fourteen (APEUni Website / App ASQ #712) (Audio Available)

114. What do you call a person who is guilty in terms of law?


Answer: convict / criminal / offender (APEUni Website / App ASQ #710) (Audio Available)

115. What do you call a word formed from the first letters of other words?
Answer: acronym (APEUni Website / App ASQ #708) (Audio Available)

116. How often is a centennial celebrated?


Answer: one hundred years (APEUni Website / App ASQ #698) (Audio Available)

117. What do we call a machine which carries people from one floor to another in a high building?
Answer: lift / lyft / elevator (APEUni Website / App ASQ #251) (Audio Available)

118. What do you call the people who work on boats?


Answer: Sailor / mariner / seaman (APEUni Website / App ASQ #697) (Audio Available)

119. What does 'subterranean' mean?

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Answer: underground (APEUni Website / App ASQ #696) (Audio Available)

120. What is the boat that carries people from one side of a river to the other?
Answer: ferry (APEUni Website / App ASQ #692) (Audio Available)

121. What do you call the buildings of a university or college and the land around them?
Answer: campus (APEUni Website / App ASQ #689) (Audio Available)

122. What do you call the persons who study religions?


Answer: theologians / theologists (APEUni Website / App ASQ #686) (Audio Available)

123. If an event happens annually, how often does it happen?


Answer: Once a year / yearly (APEUni Website / App ASQ #685) (Audio Available)

124. What gas will be generated from the boiling water?


Answer: water vapor / steam (APEUni Website / App ASQ #683) (Audio Available)

125. What clothing do people wear, such as students or nurses, to show that they belong to the same
organizations?
Answer: uniform (APEUni Website / App ASQ #679) (Audio Available)

126. What do we call the subject that studies weather and temperature?
Answer: meteorology / climatology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #669) (Audio Available)

127. What will you hear after a flash of lightning?


Answer: thunder (APEUni Website / App ASQ #654) (Audio Available)

128. What do we call a baby cat?


Answer: Kitten / kitty (APEUni Website / App ASQ #645) (Audio Available)

129. What is the nominal form of the wide?


Answer: width (APEUni Website / App ASQ #641) (Audio Available)

130. Which day of the week starts with 'th'?


Answer: thursday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #84) (Audio Available)

131. How many quarters are there in a calendar year?


Answer: four (APEUni Website / App ASQ #633) (Audio Available)

132. When trains or cars need to go through a mountain, where do they enter the mountain?
Answer: tunnel (APEUni Website / App ASQ #629) (Audio Available)

133. What device do you type on when you use a computer?


Answer: keyboard (APEUni Website / App ASQ #280) (Audio Available)

134. Where is a criminal kept as punishment?


Answer: prison / jail (APEUni Website / App ASQ #605) (Audio Available)

135. What do we call a person's move to a more important job or rank in a company?
Answer: promotion (APEUni Website / App ASQ #603) (Audio Available)

136. Which one in the four seasons has the lowest temperature?

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Answer: winter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #602) (Audio Available)

137. What does sub-Mediterranean refer to?


Answer: Climate (APEUni Website / App ASQ #592) (Audio Available)

138. Whose job is making and repairing wooden objects and structures?
Answer: carpenter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #587) (Audio Available)

139. What do we call people who work on ship or plane?


Answer: crew (APEUni Website / App ASQ #583) (Audio Available)

140. Jack is having a presentation on Wednesday. Today is Tuesday. When will Jack have his speech,
today, tomorrow or next week?
Answer: tomorrow (APEUni Website / App ASQ #580) (Audio Available)

141. What is the frozen type of water called?


Answer: ice (APEUni Website / App ASQ #579) (Audio Available)

142. Who is the Swiss greatest scientist in physics?


Answer: einstein (APEUni Website / App ASQ #423) (Audio Available)

143. What do we call famous people?


Answer: celebrity (APEUni Website / App ASQ #577) (Audio Available)

144. What is the highest position in the embassy?


Answer: ambassador (APEUni Website / App ASQ #576) (Audio Available)

145. What device is used to measure the height of mountains?


Answer: altimeter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #575) (Audio Available)

146. In the solar system, which heavenly body produces sunshine?


Answer: sun (APEUni Website / App ASQ #506) (Audio Available)

147. If you have a toothache, who will you go to?


Answer: dentist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #573) (Audio Available)

148. What is the legal document protecting someone's intellectual property?


Answer: patent (APEUni Website / App ASQ #565) (Audio Available)

149. What thing do postgraduate students have that undergraduate students don’t?
Answer: bachelor degree (APEUni Website / App ASQ #563) (Audio Available)

150. What do people hold overhead when it is raining?


Answer: umbrella (APEUni Website / App ASQ #562) (Audio Available)

151. What is the process where the color becomes lighter and lighter when exposed to sunlight for a long
time?
Answer: fade (APEUni Website / App ASQ #559) (Audio Available)

152. How do you call some one with no hair?


Answer: bald (APEUni Website / App ASQ #558) (Audio Available)

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153. What is the thing used for sun protection in summer?


Answer: Sunscreen / sunblock / suncream / suntan lotion (APEUni Website / App ASQ #556)
(Audio Available)

154. What is the act of jumping into the water?


Answer: diving (APEUni Website / App ASQ #553) (Audio Available)

155. What is a word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same
language?
Answer: synonym (APEUni Website / App ASQ #364) (Audio Available)

156. What do we call the pen that receive its ink from its reservoir?
Answer: fountain pen (APEUni Website / App ASQ #552) (Audio Available)

157. Apart from coffee and hot chocolate, what beverages also contain caffeine?
Answer: Tea / coke / cocoa (APEUni Website / App ASQ #547) (Audio Available)

158. What is the musical instrument which has both pedals and strings?
Answer: harp / piano (APEUni Website / App ASQ #546) (Audio Available)

159. Where can we find the page numbers of books?


Answer: footer (APEUni Website / App ASQ #545) (Audio Available)

160. Which part of our bodies do we use nasal spray in?


Answer: nose / nostril (APEUni Website / App ASQ #356) (Audio Available)

161. What do you throw underwater to keep ships staying on rivers or oceans without drifting away?
Answer: anchor (APEUni Website / App ASQ #542) (Audio Available)

162. How do you call the movements that the babies move by using hands and legs?
Answer: Crawling / crawl (APEUni Website / App ASQ #541) (Audio Available)

163. What do we call the condition that people cannot sleep?


Answer: insomnia / sleeplessness (APEUni Website / App ASQ #538) (Audio Available)

164. What is the opposite of division in mathematics?


Answer: multiplication (APEUni Website / App ASQ #320) (Audio Available)

165. What force makes humans stay on the earth?


Answer: gravity (APEUni Website / App ASQ #537) (Audio Available)

166. What do you call the people who work for a company?
Answer: employees / employee (APEUni Website / App ASQ #533) (Audio Available)

167. What instrument would scientists use to examine very small life forms?
Answer: microscope (APEUni Website / App ASQ #532) (Audio Available)

168. What is the habitat of camels?


Answer: desert (APEUni Website / App ASQ #531) (Audio Available)

169. How many sides are there in a pentagon?


Answer: five (APEUni Website / App ASQ #529) (Audio Available)

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170. What do we call the person who plays musical instruments as a job?
Answer: musician (APEUni Website / App ASQ #527) (Audio Available)

171. Where do people go to watch plays?


Answer: theatre / theater (APEUni Website / App ASQ #526) (Audio Available)

172. What do we call the ship that runs underwater?


Answer: submarine (APEUni Website / App ASQ #521) (Audio Available)

173. What subject involves the study of the Periodic Table?


Answer: chemistry (APEUni Website / App ASQ #520) (Audio Available)

174. How many years are there in a bicentennial?


Answer: two hundred (APEUni Website / App ASQ #516) (Audio Available)

175. Tomorrow’s lecture has been cancelled. If today is Tuesday, then on which day is the lecture
cancelled?
Answer: wednesday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #512) (Audio Available)

176. What do we call dollars, cents, pounds and euros?


Answer: currency (APEUni Website / App ASQ #509) (Audio Available)

177. How do you call the doctor who treats sick animals?
Answer: vet / veterinarian (APEUni Website / App ASQ #508) (Audio Available)

178. What do we call the legal document that states how people's property should be allocated after
their deaths?
Answer: testament / will (APEUni Website / App ASQ #505) (Audio Available)

179. What do we call the extra performance that actors give?


Answer: encore (APEUni Website / App ASQ #383) (Audio Available)

180. What do you call the government where the power is concentrated in the hands of one person?
Answer: autocracy / dictatorship (APEUni Website / App ASQ #503) (Audio Available)

181. What are the five things in front of your foot?


Answer: toes (APEUni Website / App ASQ #498) (Audio Available)

182. What is the place you share bedroom with your classmates?
Answer: dormitory (APEUni Website / App ASQ #494) (Audio Available)

183. What is the room that is under the ground floor?


Answer: basement (APEUni Website / App ASQ #491) (Audio Available)

184. What do you need to submit for completing a degree in the university?
Answer: dissertation / thesis (APEUni Website / App ASQ #234) (Audio Available)

185. When a person’s blood alcohol level is higher than the standard range, what activity can’t the
person do?
Answer: driving (APEUni Website / App ASQ #490) (Audio Available)

186. How do we call the car that uses two types of fuels?

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Answer: hybrid (APEUni Website / App ASQ #298) (Audio Available)

187. If there are 8 black balls and 1 white ball, and I randomly pick one, which color is mostly likely to be
picked?
Answer: black (APEUni Website / App ASQ #489) (Audio Available)

188. Where do people go for watching sports or games?


Answer: stadium (APEUni Website / App ASQ #487) (Audio Available)

189. What material are windows made of?


Answer: glass (APEUni Website / App ASQ #486) (Audio Available)

190. What do birds use to fly?


Answer: wings (APEUni Website / App ASQ #485) (Audio Available)

191. What are the two holes in your nose to breathe?


Answer: nostrils (APEUni Website / App ASQ #484) (Audio Available)

192. What’s the color of the medal that a champion gets?


Answer: Golden / gold (APEUni Website / App ASQ #32) (Audio Available)

193. What do we call the northernmost and southernmost parts of the earth?
Answer: Pole / poles (APEUni Website / App ASQ #482) (Audio Available)

194. How many wheels does a bicycle have?


Answer: two (APEUni Website / App ASQ #481) (Audio Available)

195. How do you call the two siblings born by a mother at the same time?
Answer: twins (APEUni Website / App ASQ #291) (Audio Available)

196. If you want to read tragedies or comedies, what kind of book do you read?
Answer: fiction books / novels (APEUni Website / App ASQ #477) (Audio Available)

197. What do you use to test the body temperature?


Answer: thermometer (APEUni Website / App ASQ #474) (Audio Available)

198. How do we call that animals and plants preserved in the rocks?
Answer: fossil (APEUni Website / App ASQ #469) (Audio Available)

199. Which one is more widespread, Korean, Thai or Hindi?


Answer: hindi (APEUni Website / App ASQ #464) (Audio Available)

200. How do you describe the money that citizens must contribute to the government for public use?
Answer: tax / taxes (APEUni Website / App ASQ #452) (Audio Available)

201. How would you describe an animal that no longer exist on the earth?
Answer: extinct (APEUni Website / App ASQ #454) (Audio Available)

202. What device do you use to measure your weight?


Answer: scale / weighing machine (APEUni Website / App ASQ #651) (Audio Available)

203. What are the people who study history and historical evidence?

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Answer: historian (APEUni Website / App ASQ #649) (Audio Available)

204. What is the force that happens between the relative motion when objects are rubbed against each
other?
Answer: friction (APEUni Website / App ASQ #620) (Audio Available)

205. What is the opposite of artificial?


Answer: natural (APEUni Website / App ASQ #465) (Audio Available)

206. What is the hardest part of your hand?


Answer: Nails (APEUni Website / App ASQ #467) (Audio Available)

207. What is H2O in chemical substances?


Answer: water (APEUni Website / App ASQ #463) (Audio Available)

208. In mathematics and arithmetic, there are addition, multiplication, division. What's the other one?
Answer: subtraction (APEUni Website / App ASQ #462) (Audio Available)

209. Which literary genre describes all details of a famous person's life?
Answer: Biography / autobiography (APEUni Website / App ASQ #457) (Audio Available)

210. What material is the tire made of?


Answer: rubber (APEUni Website / App ASQ #456) (Audio Available)

211. What are the people who study ancient bones or plants in rocks?
Answer: paleontologists / paleontologist / archaeologists / archaeologist (APEUni Website / App ASQ
#646) (Audio Available)

212. How many eggs are there in a dozen?


Answer: twelve (APEUni Website / App ASQ #607) (Audio Available)

213. If you want to find the map of U.S., what type of book should you use?
Answer: atlas (APEUni Website / App ASQ #451) (Audio Available)

214. What does IT stand for?


Answer: information technology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #447) (Audio Available)

215. What word can describe both a color and the environment?
Answer: Green (APEUni Website / App ASQ #442) (Audio Available)

216. Which color do we make by blending black and white?


Answer: grey (APEUni Website / App ASQ #441) (Audio Available)

217. What do we call the liquid which is in a car?


Answer: gasoline / petrol / gas / fuel (APEUni Website / App ASQ #312) (Audio Available)

218. Which continent do China, India, Korea and Japan locate in?
Answer: Asia (APEUni Website / App ASQ #440) (Audio Available)

219. Before airplanes were invented, how did people travel from America to Europe?
Answer: by ship (APEUni Website / App ASQ #438) (Audio Available)

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220. Who is a physician who performs surgical operations?


Answer: surgeon (APEUni Website / App ASQ #437) (Audio Available)

221. In the word ‘postgraduate’, what does the ‘post’ mean?


Answer: after (APEUni Website / App ASQ #436) (Audio Available)

222. What natural resource is used by a carpenter?


Answer: wood / timber (APEUni Website / App ASQ #435) (Audio Available)

223. If you invented something, what can you apply for to prevent others copying your invention?
Answer: patent (APEUni Website / App ASQ #434) (Explanation) (Audio Available)

224. How do you describe the type of magazine that is published four times a year?
Answer: quarterly (APEUni Website / App ASQ #289) (Audio Available)

225. Who sits in the cockpit of an airplane?


Answer: pilot (APEUni Website / App ASQ #431) (Audio Available)

226. What will snow become after it melts?


Answer: Water (APEUni Website / App ASQ #427) (Audio Available)

227. Which part of your leg can make it possible to bend?


Answer: knee (APEUni Website / App ASQ #425) (Audio Available)

228. Oral English is different from academic English. Which is the best term to describe academic
English: tolerant or rigorous?
Answer: rigorous (APEUni Website / App ASQ #424) (Audio Available)

229. What is the opposite of convex?


Answer: concave (APEUni Website / App ASQ #422) (Audio Available)

230. What do we call the first paragraph of a report?


Answer: introduction (APEUni Website / App ASQ #418) (Audio Available)

231. What do we call a doctor who can sell prescribed medicines?


Answer: pharmacist / chemist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #415) (Audio Available)

232. What kind of drugs are used for killing bacteria?


Answer: Antibiotics (APEUni Website / App ASQ #412) (Audio Available)

233. What is a thermometer used to measure?


Answer: Temperature (APEUni Website / App ASQ #406) (Audio Available)

234. How many hemispheres does the equator divide earth into?
Answer: Two (APEUni Website / App ASQ #404) (Audio Available)

235. What is the collection of pictures called?


Answer: album (APEUni Website / App ASQ #321) (Audio Available)

236. How many extra days in February in a leap year?


Answer: One (APEUni Website / App ASQ #282) (Audio Available)

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237. In statistics, what is a circle divided into many parts called?


Answer: pie chart (APEUni Website / App ASQ #315) (Audio Available)

238. How do you call a student that has finished his first year?
Answer: sophomore (APEUni Website / App ASQ #145) (Audio Available)

239. Which one is quicker? Running, jogging or walking?


Answer: running (APEUni Website / App ASQ #401) (Audio Available)

240. What does the sun do during dawn?


Answer: sunrise (APEUni Website / App ASQ #400) (Audio Available)

241. What do we call a festival which is held every four years gathering people together as a sporting
event?
Answer: the olympic games (APEUni Website / App ASQ #396) (Audio Available)

242. What is the feature that guitars and violins have in common?
Answer: string / strings (APEUni Website / App ASQ #393) (Audio Available)

243. What do we call a person who can speak two languages?


Answer: Bilingual / bilinguist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #388) (Audio Available)

244. What type of shape has four right corners, four lines that are equal in length?
Answer: square (APEUni Website / App ASQ #384) (Audio Available)

245. Which is easier to be recycled, plastic or paper?


Answer: paper (APEUni Website / App ASQ #377) (Audio Available)

246. What is the opposite word of "stale"?


Answer: fresh (APEUni Website / App ASQ #376) (Audio Available)

247. What do we call the "Times New Roman" in word?


Answer: typeface / font (APEUni Website / App ASQ #374) (Audio Available)

248. If a couple have a pair of children, how many children do they have?
Answer: two (APEUni Website / App ASQ #378) (Audio Available)

249. Which kind of mountain can erupt lava?


Answer: Volcano / Volcanos (APEUni Website / App ASQ #373) (Audio Available)

250. The instructions that tell you how to cook food?


Answer: recipe / recipes (APEUni Website / App ASQ #371) (Audio Available)

251. What is one half of 100% ?


Answer: fifty (APEUni Website / App ASQ #365) (Audio Available)

252. What is the opposite of positive?


Answer: negative (APEUni Website / App ASQ #362) (Audio Available)

253. What’s the 26th alphabet in English?


Answer: z (APEUni Website / App ASQ #357) (Audio Available)

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254. What is the name of the student who has not completed his course?
Answer: undergraduate student (APEUni Website / App ASQ #350) (Audio Available)

255. A dozen is a grouping of which number?


Answer: twelve (APEUni Website / App ASQ #349) (Audio Available)

256. In the library, which books we are not allowed to bring them out with ourselves?
Answer: closed reserve book / closed reserve books (APEUni Website / App ASQ #347)
(Audio Available)

257. What kind of dictionary provides synonyms, antonyms and related words?
Answer: thesaurus (APEUni Website / App ASQ #344) (Audio Available)

258. What is the altitude related to, weight or height?


Answer: height (APEUni Website / App ASQ #339) (Audio Available)

259. What is the opposite to “predecessor”?


Answer: successor (APEUni Website / App ASQ #335) (Audio Available)

260. What do we call the thread in the center of the candle?


Answer: wick (APEUni Website / App ASQ #332) (Audio Available)

261. How do you call the pointing device that is connected to the computer?
Answer: mouse (APEUni Website / App ASQ #330) (Audio Available)

262. What is the thing you touch when you play the guitar?
Answer: strings / string (APEUni Website / App ASQ #329) (Audio Available)

263. Which one is past tense: has gone, went or going?


Answer: went (APEUni Website / App ASQ #327) (Audio Available)

264. What do we call the animals with white ivory and long trunk?
Answer: elephant / elephants (APEUni Website / App ASQ #325) (Audio Available)

265. Which kind of book can we find Africa maps?


Answer: Atlas (APEUni Website / App ASQ #324) (Audio Available)

266. What does a sundial measure?


Answer: Time (APEUni Website / App ASQ #336) (Audio Available)

267. What are the strings on shoes?


Answer: Shoelace / lace (APEUni Website / App ASQ #361) (Audio Available)

268. What material is used for most of vehicles and craft?


Answer: metal / plastic / glass (APEUni Website / App ASQ #348) (Audio Available)

269. If a button has come off a shirt, what would someone most likely use to put it back on?
Answer: needle / thread (APEUni Website / App ASQ #300) (Audio Available)

270. How many years are there in a decade?


Answer: ten years (APEUni Website / App ASQ #283) (Audio Available)

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271. What kind of liquid do mammals feed their babies?


Answer: milk (APEUni Website / App ASQ #279) (Audio Available)

272. What is the antonym of vertical?


Answer: horizontal (APEUni Website / App ASQ #277) (Audio Available)

273. What is the economic sector that deals with farming?


Answer: agriculture (APEUni Website / App ASQ #273) (Audio Available)

274. Some calendars begin the week on Sunday, what is the other day which commonly starts a week?
Answer: monday (APEUni Website / App ASQ #270) (Audio Available)

275. What is the ceremony called for marriage?


Answer: Wedding (APEUni Website / App ASQ #318) (Audio Available)

276. What do we call the piece of paper that proves you have bought an item?
Answer: Receipt (APEUni Website / App ASQ #304) (Audio Available)

277. How many years does it typically take to finish undergraduate study?
Answer: three years / four years (APEUni Website / App ASQ #267) (Audio Available)

278. In a recession, does economic activity increase or slow down?


Answer: slow down (APEUni Website / App ASQ #265) (Audio Available)

279. What is the name of the field of study that studies the human mind and behavior?
Answer: psychology (APEUni Website / App ASQ #262) (Audio Available)

280. Which of the following is not a means of transportation: by plane, by public transportation or car
model?
Answer: car model (APEUni Website / App ASQ #259) (Audio Available)

281. Computer, telephone and typewriter, which one is first invented?


Answer: typewriter (APEUni Website / App ASQ #256) (Audio Available)

282. A manufacturing process releases poisonous gases. What is the most important safety measure for
workers at this plant⼀ensuring good ventilation, or appropriate footwear?
Answer: Ensuring good ventilation (APEUni Website / App ASQ #233) (Audio Available)

283. What is the joint called where your hand is connected to your arm?
Answer: wrist / wrists (APEUni Website / App ASQ #212) (Audio Available)

284. What is the behavior when an animal changes its color to match the environment for protection?
Answer: Camouflage (APEUni Website / App ASQ #226) (Audio Available)

285. How many days are there in a week?


Answer: Seven (APEUni Website / App ASQ #246) (Audio Available)

286. Where would you expect to find equipment like microscopes, a Bunsen burner, beaker and petri
dish?
Answer: Laboratory / lab (APEUni Website / App ASQ #243) (Audio Available)

287. What is the most important document you would have to show if you would to hire a car?

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Answer: driver's license / driving license (APEUni Website / App ASQ #205) (Audio Available)

288. What do you call a specialist who repairs leaking water pipes?
Answer: plumber (APEUni Website / App ASQ #204) (Audio Available)

289. What do we call a period of ten years?


Answer: decade (APEUni Website / App ASQ #203) (Audio Available)

290. What we call it when the moon completely blocks out the light from the sun?
Answer: a solar eclipse / an eclipse (APEUni Website / App ASQ #198) (Audio Available)

291. What do we call a period of 100 years?


Answer: century (APEUni Website / App ASQ #195) (Audio Available)

292. How would you describe an economy that is largely based on farming?
Answer: agricultural / rural (APEUni Website / App ASQ #178) (Audio Available)

293. What is the job of someone that looks after your teeth and gums?
Answer: dentist / surgeon dentist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #171) (Audio Available)

294. What plan shows how much money is available and how it will be spent?
Answer: budget (APEUni Website / App ASQ #168) (Audio Available)

295. What do you call the number of people living in a specific area?
Answer: population (APEUni Website / App ASQ #165) (Audio Available)

296. What is it called when two or more people are speaking to each other?
Answer: conversation / chat (APEUni Website / App ASQ #163) (Audio Available)

297. Who is a person that makes bread, cakes and pastries?


Answer: baker (APEUni Website / App ASQ #157) (Audio Available)

298. What kind of book is written by a person about their own life?
Answer: autobiography (APEUni Website / App ASQ #152) (Audio Available)

299. On what geographical location would someone be living if their country is surrounded by water on all
sides?
Answer: Island (APEUni Website / App ASQ #191) (Audio Available)

300. What key mineral makes sea water different from fresh water?
Answer: Salt (APEUni Website / App ASQ #235) (Audio Available)

301. What is the meeting point of sea and sky called?


Answer: Horizon (APEUni Website / App ASQ #286) (Audio Available)

302. What do we call the things of 88 keys covered by colors white and black?
Answer: Pianos / piano (APEUni Website / App ASQ #322) (Audio Available)

303. What does ophthalmologist specialize in?


Answer: eye operations / eye (APEUni Website / App ASQ #368) (Audio Available)

304. In addition to the A, E, what are the other three vowels?

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Answer: U / I / O (APEUni Website / App ASQ #338) (Audio Available)

305. Who would you consult to treat a fear of crowded places, a philosopher or a psychologist?
Answer: psychologist (APEUni Website / App ASQ #140) (Audio Available)

306. How many days are in a leap year?


Answer: three hundred and sixty six (APEUni Website / App ASQ #136) (Audio Available)

307. In the animal kingdom, is the purpose of camouflage to attract a mate, to find food or to hide?
Answer: hide (APEUni Website / App ASQ #131) (Audio Available)

308. What special document do most people need to carry when they travel between countries?
Answer: passport (APEUni Website / App ASQ #130) (Audio Available)

309. What do you call the very long essay that students have to write for a doctoral degree?
Answer: Thesis / dissertation / discourse / paper (APEUni Website / App ASQ #141) (Audio Available)

310. What kind of equipment is used to protect motorbike riders' brains from injury?
Answer: helmet (APEUni Website / App ASQ #89) (Audio Available)

311. What is a list of historical events arranged in time order?


Answer: chronology / timeline (APEUni Website / App ASQ #76) (Audio Available)

312. If someone lives in an urban area, where do they live?


Answer: city / town (APEUni Website / App ASQ #35) (Audio Available)

313. If something such as fabric or medicine is artificially made, not natural, what do we say it is?
Answer: Synthetic / artificial (APEUni Website / App ASQ #28) (Audio Available)

314. What do you call the alphabetical list at the end of a textbook that tells you where to find specific
information?
Answer: index / reference (APEUni Website / App ASQ #25) (Audio Available)

315. What is the word for a building or room where art exhibitions are held?
Answer: art gallery / art museum (APEUni Website / App ASQ #14) (Audio Available)

316. At what ceremony do students receive their degree or diploma at the end of their period of study?
Answer: graduation / commencement (APEUni Website / App ASQ #8) (Audio Available)

317. What is it that you wear on your wrist and that tells you time?
Answer: wrist watch / watch (APEUni Website / App ASQ #5) (Audio Available)

318. A business doesn't want to make a loss - what does it want to make?
Answer: Profit / profits (APEUni Website / App ASQ #107) (Audio Available)

319. How many languages can a monolingual person speak?


Answer: one (APEUni Website / App ASQ #105) (Audio Available)

320. Where can people go to borrow books?


Answer: Library / bibliotheca (APEUni Website / App ASQ #52) (Audio Available)

321. Despite all the advances in equality between the sexes, would more men or women play professional

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football?
Answer: Men (APEUni Website / App ASQ #120) (Audio Available)

322. How many sides are there in a bilateral agreement?


Answer: Two (APEUni Website / App ASQ #15) (Audio Available)

323. What is the word for a period of one hundred years?


Answer: Century (APEUni Website / App ASQ #12) (Audio Available)

324. How many years does a millennium have?


Answer: One thousand / a thousand (APEUni Website / App ASQ #122) (Audio Available)

325. What do we call the organs in our chest that we use to breathe?
Answer: Lungs / lung (APEUni Website / App ASQ #41) (Audio Available)

326. If telescopes are used to locate distant objects, what instrument is employed to magnify minuscule
objects?
Answer: Microscope / microscopes (APEUni Website / App ASQ #111) (Audio Available)

327. Where do people usually go to deposit money?


Answer: Bank (APEUni Website / App ASQ #106) (Audio Available)

328. Which sweet food is produced by bees?


Answer: Honey (APEUni Website / App ASQ #51) (Audio Available)

329. What are winter, spring, summer and autumn?


Answer: Seasons (APEUni Website / App ASQ #134) (Audio Available)

330. Would you go to a pharmacy or a surgery to get a prescription fulfilled after visiting a doctor?
Answer: A pharmacy (APEUni Website / App ASQ #110) (Audio Available)

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B. Writing
Summarize Written Text
1. Democracy Representative (Incomplete)
Points:
(APEUni Website / App SWT #420)

2. Intellectual Capital (Incomplete)


Points:
(APEUni Website / App SWT #149)

3. Automatic Cars (Incomplete)


Points:
(APEUni Website / App SWT #419)

4. Immune System (Incomplete)


Points:
(APEUni Website / App SWT #416)

5. Telescope
Original:
On a starry night in Padua 400 years ago, Galileo first turned a telescope toward the sky. It might seem
the most natural of actions—after all, what else does one do with a telescope? But in 1609, the
instrument, which had been invented only the year before by Dutch opticians, was known as a "spyglass,"
in anticipation of its military uses. The device was also sold as a toy. When Galileo read of it, he quickly
set about making a much more powerful version. The Dutch telescopes magnified images by 3 times;
Galileo's telescopes magnified them by 8 to 30 times. At the time, astronomy, like much of science,
remained under the spell of Aristotle. Almost 2,000 years after his death, the giant of Greek philosophy
was held in such high regard that even his most suspect pronouncements were considered
unimpeachable. Aristotle had maintained that all celestial objects were perfect and immutable spheres,
and that the stars made a dizzying daily journey around the center of the universe, our stationary Earth.
Why scrutinize the sky? The system had already been neatly laid out in books. Astronomers "wish never
to raise their eyes from those pages," Galileo wrote in frustration, "as if this great book of the universe
had been written to be read by nobody but Aristotle, and his eyes had been destined to see for all
posterity." In Galileo's day, the study of astronomy was used to maintain and reform the calendar.
Sufficiently advanced students of astronomy made horoscopes; the alignment of the stars was believed
to influence everything from politics to health.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #414)

6. Women in University
Original:
If women are so far ahead of men, why are they so far behind? Reports from both sides of the Atlantic
show that female students dominate university courses, yet women still do not make it to the top. A
report on inequality in the UK said last week that girls had better educational results than boys at 16,
went to university in greater numbers and achieved better degrees once they got there. "More women
now have higher education qualifications than men in every age group up to age 44," the report said. In

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the US, 57 per cent of college graduates in 2006-07 were women. Women form the majority of all
graduates under 45. Yet few women make it to the boards of companies in either country. In the UK, the
proportion of women on FTSE 100 boards rose fractionally from 11.7 per cent to 12.2 per cent last year,
according to the Cranfield University School of Management, but that was only because of a fall in the
size of the boards. In the US, women accounted for 15.2 per cent of board seats on Fortune 500
companies, according to Catalyst, the research organization, which said the numbers had barely budged
for five years. The hopeful way of looking at this is that the rising generation of female graduates has
yet to reach director age. Give it 10 years and they will dominate boards as they do universities. If that
were true, however, we would surely see the number of women director numbers moving up by now. The
first year that women college graduates outnumbered men in the US was 1982. These graduates must be
entering their 50s – prime director age.

Answer:
More women now have higher education qualifications than men in every age group up to age 44, and
women form the majority of all graduates under 45, which means that we would surely see the number
of women director numbers moving up by now, so the younger generation of women is thriving in the
workplace; there was still a large pay gap.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #412)

7. Levels of Crime
Original:
The British Crime Survey (BCS) provides an important source of information about levels of crime, public
attitudes to crime and other related issues. The results play an important role in informing Home Office
policy. The BCS measures the amount of crime in England and Wales by asking people about crimes
they have experienced in the last year. This includes crimes not reported to the police, so it is an
important alternative to police records. Victims do not report crime for various reasons, and without the
BCS there would be no official source of information on these unreported crimes. Because members of
the public are asked directly about their experiences, the survey also provides a consistent measure of
crime that is unaffected by the extent to which crimes are reported to the police, or by changes in the
criteria used by the police when recording crime. The survey also helps to identify those most at risk of
different types of crime, and this helps in the planning of crime prevention programs. The BCS also
examines people's attitudes to crime, such as how much they fear crime and what measures they take
to avoid it. The survey also covers attitudes to the Criminal Justice System (CJS), including the police
and the courts, and has also been successful at developing special measures to estimate the extent of
domestic violence, stalking and sexual victimization, which are probably the least reported to the police,
but among the most serious of crimes in their impact on victims.

Answer:
The British Crime Survey provides an important source of information, and the survey also provides a
consistent measure of crime that is unaffected, which means that the survey also helps to identify those
most at risk of different types of crime, so the BCS also examines people's attitudes to crime; the
survey also covers attitudes to the Criminal Justice System.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #411)

8. Human Traits
Original:
The age-old question of whether human traits are determined by nature or nurture has been answered, a
team of researchers say. Their conclusion? It’s a draw. By collating almost every twin study across the
world from the past 50 years, researchers determined that the average variation for human traits and

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disease is 49 percent due to genetic factors and 51 percent due to environmental factors. University of
Queensland researcher Beben Benyamin from the Queensland Brain Institute collaborated with
researchers at VU University of Amsterdam to collate 2,748 studies involving more than 14.5 million pairs
of twins. “Twin studies have been conducted for more than 50 years but there is still some debate in
terms of how much the variation is due to genetic or environmental factors,” Benyamin said. He said the
study showed the conversation should move away from nature versus nurture, instead looking at how the
two work together. “Both are important sources of variation between individuals,” he said. While the
studies averaged an almost even split between nature and nurture, there was wide variation within the
17,800 separate traits and diseases examined by the studies. For example, the risk for bipolar disorder
was found to be 68 percent due to genetics and only 32 percent due to environmental factors. Weight
maintenance was 63 percent due to genetics and 37 percent due to environmental factors. In contrast,
risk for eating disorders was found to be 40 percent genetic and 60 percent environmental, whereas the
risk for mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol was 41 percent genetic and 59 percent
environmental. Benyamin said in psychiatric, ophthalmological and skeletal traits, genetic factors were a
larger influence than environmental factors. But for social values and attitudes it was the other way
around.

Answer:
The average variation for human traits and disease is 49 percent due to genetic factors and 51 percent
due to environmental factors, and both are important sources of variation between individuals, which
means that in psychiatric, ophthalmological and skeletal traits, genetic factors were a larger influence
than environmental factors, but for social values and attitudes it was the other way around.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #405)

9. Difference in Intelligence
Original:
People differ greatly in all aspects of what is casually known as intelligence. The differences are
apparent not only in school, from kindergarten to college, but also in the most ordinary circumstances: in
the words people use and comprehend, in their differing abilities to read a map or follow directions, or in
their capacities for remembering telephone numbers or figuring change. The variations in these specific
skills are so common that they are often taken for granted. Yet what makes people so different? It would
be reasonable to think that the environment is the source of differences in cognitive skills — that we are
what we learn. It is clear, for example, that human beings are not born with a full vocabulary; they have
to learn words. Hence, learning must be the mechanism by which differences in vocabulary arise among
individuals. And differences in experience — say, in the extent to which parents model and encourage
vocabulary skills or in the quality of language training provided by schools — must be responsible for
individual differences in learning. Earlier in this century, psychology was in fact dominated by
environmental explanations for variance in cognitive abilities. More recently, however, most psychologists
have begun to embrace a more balanced view: one in which nature and nurture interact in cognitive
development. During the past few decades, studies in genetics have pointed to a substantial role for
heredity in molding the components of intellect, and researchers have even begun to track down the
genes involved in cognitive function. These findings do not refute the notion that environmental factors
shape the learning process. Instead they suggest that differences in people’s genes affect how easily
they learn.

Answer:
People differ greatly in all aspects of what is casually known as intelligence, and the differences are in
the most ordinary circumstances, which means that the environment is the source of differences in
cognitive skills, so differences in experience must be responsible for individual differences in learning;

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these findings suggest that differences in people’s genes affect how easily they learn.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #336)

10. Flow State (Incomplete)


Points:
(APEUni Website / App SWT #326)

11. Brain Wave


Original:
We can't see it, but brains hum with electrical activity. Brain waves created by the coordinated firing of
huge collections of nerve cells pinball around the brain. The waves can ricochet from the front of the
brain to the back, or from deep structures all the way to the scalp and then back again. Called neuronal
oscillations, these signals are known to accompany certain mental states. Quiet alpha waves ripple
soothingly across the brains of meditating monks. Beta waves rise and fall during intense conversational
turns. Fast gamma waves accompany sharp insights. Sluggish delta rhythms lull deep sleepers, while
dreamers shift into slightly quicker theta rhythms. Researchers have long argued over whether these
waves have purposes, and what those purposes might be. Some scientists see waves as inevitable but
useless by-products of the signals that really matter — messages sent by individual nerve cells. Waves
are simply a consequence of collective neural behavior, and nothing more, that view holds. But a growing
body of evidence suggests just the opposite: instead of by-products of important signals, brain waves
are key to how the brain operates, routing information among far-flung brain regions that need to work
together. MIT’s Earl Miller is among the neuro​scientists amassing evidence that waves are an essential
part of how the brain operates. Brain oscillations deftly route information in a way that allows the brain
to choose which signals in the world to pay attention to and which to ignore, his recent studies suggest.

Answer:
Brains hum with electrical activity, and these signals are known to accompany certain mental states,
which means that brain waves are key to how the brain operates, routing information among far-flung
brain regions that need to work together, so brain oscillations deftly route information in a way that
allows the brain to choose which signals in the world to pay attention to and which to ignore.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #324)

12. Importance of Water


Original:
Water is at the core of sustainable development. Water resources, and the range of services they
provide, underpin poverty reduction, economic growth and environmental sustainability. From food and
energy security to human and environmental health, water contributes to improvements in social well-
being and inclusive growth, affecting the livelihoods of billions. In a sustainable world that is achievable
in the near future, water and related resources are managed in support of human well-being and
ecosystem integrity in a robust economy. Sufficient and safe water is made available to meet every
person's basic needs, with healthy lifestyles and behaviors easily upheld through reliable and affordable
water supply and sanitation services, in turn supported by equitably extended and efficiently managed
infrastructure. Water resources management, infrastructure and service delivery are sustainably financed.
Water is duly valued in all its forms, with wastewater treated as a resource that avails energy, nutrients
and freshwater for reuse. Human settlements develop in harmony with the natural water cycle and the
ecosystems that support it, with measures in place that reduce vulnerability and improve resilience to
water-related disasters. Integrated approaches to water resources development, management and use
and to human rights are the norm. Water is governed in a participatory way that draws on the full

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potential of women and men as professionals and citizens, guided by a number of able and
knowledgeable organizations, within a just and transparent institutional framework.

Answer:
Water is at the core of sustainable development, and water contributes to improvements in social well-
being and inclusive growth, affecting the livelihoods of billions, which means that in a sustainable world
that is achievable in the near future, water and related resources are managed in support of human well-
being and ecosystem integrity in a robust economy, so water is duly valued in all its forms.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #317)

13. Rosling‘s Discoveries


Original:
A medical doctor and professor for international health at Stockholm’s Karolinska Institute, Rosling
became famous as the public educator who used statistics to show how the world is changing. He chose
this public role after making two significant discoveries. Rosling’s first discovery was that many people
are not aware of even the most basic facts about global health and global development. Through surveys
he conducted, Rosling found that at a time when poverty is falling faster than ever before, the majority
of people think that the proportion of the world population living in extreme poverty is rising. Similarly, he
found that many underestimate global life expectancy widely, and are not aware of the success of
delivering healthcare services — for example, vaccines — globally. He found that people’s worldviews
often do not have much grounding in facts, even long before the “post-fact” era. Rosling was convinced
that this unawareness of global progress matters. He made it his mission to fight this “devastating
ignorance” that turns us into cynics, as we falsely believe that global development must be a mirage.
Rosling’s second discovery was that this lack of factual knowledge was not because people are not
interested in global development, but because it is too hard for those that want to know about global
development to access this knowledge. Neither the experts nor the media were presenting how global
development changes the world. Based on these two insights, Hans Rosling made it his mission to bridge
this gap and present the evidence that global development is a reality. His approach to communicating
research on global development was through public talks and the use of data visualisation.

Answer:
Rosling became famous as the public educator who used statistics to show how the world is changing;
Rosling’s first discovery was that many people are not aware of even the most basic facts about global
health and global development, and his second discovery was that lack of factual knowledge was
because it is too hard for those that want to know about global development to access this knowledge.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #281)

14. Natural Language


Original:
When people start thinking about language, the first question which often occurs to them is this: is
language natural to humans? - in the same way that grunting is natural to pigs, and barking comes
naturally to dogs. Or is it just something we happen to have learned? - in the same way that dogs may
learn to beg, or elephants may learn to waltz, or humans may learn to play the guitar. Clearly, in one
sense, children 'learn' whatever language they are exposed to, be it Chinese, Nootka or English. So no
one would deny that 'learning' is very important. But the crucial question is whether children are born
with 'blank sheets' in their head as far as language is concerned - or whether humans are 'programmed'
with an outline knowledge of the structure of languages in general. This question of whether language is
partly due to nature or wholly due to learning or nurture is often referred to as the nature-nurture
controversy, and has been discussed for centuries. For example, it was the topic of one of Plato's

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dialogues, the Cratylus. Controversies which have been going on for literally ages tend to behave in a
characteristic fashion. They lie dormant for a while, then break out fiercely. This particular issue
resurfaced in linguistics in 1959 when the linguist Noam Chomsky wrote a devastating and witty review
of Verbal Behavior, a book by the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner (Skinner 1957; Chomsky 1959). This
book claimed to 'explain' language as a set of habits gradually built up over the years. According to
Skinner, no complicated innate or mental mechanisms are needed. All that is necessary is the systematic
observation of the events in the external world which prompt the speaker to utter sounds.

Answer:
This question of whether language is partly due to nature or wholly due to learning or nurture is often
referred to as the nature-nurture controversy, because this issue resurfaced in linguistics when the
linguist Noam Chomsky wrote a devastating and witty review of Verbal Behavior, while Skinner’s book
claimed to 'explain' language as a set of habits gradually built up over the years.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #230)

15. Environmental Technologies


Original:
Many technologies have promised these qualities, but few have been commercially viable. What's been
lacking is the performance data needed to demonstrate that these technologies are durable, genuinely
environmentally beneficial, and suitable to be insured. Over the past 13 years, our Department of
Architecture & Civil Engineering has led on research into straw as a low-impact building material. This
work, which has included developing a unique straw bale panel as well as scientific monitoring and
testing, has now culminated in crucial industry certifications. The BM TRADA’s Q-Mark certification
guarantees a straw building’s energy efficiency, fire safety, durability and weather-resilience and means
that developers and homebuyers can now get insurance and mortgages for straw homes and buildings.
The innovative straw walls in the new houses provide two times more insulation than required by current
UK building regulations. Based on monitoring a residential straw-bale development in Leeds, fuel bill
reductions up to 90% can be expected. The walls have been built using ModCell technology;
prefabricated panels consisting of a wooden structural frame infilled with straw bales or hemp and
rendered with either a breathable lime-based system or ventilated timber or brick cladding. This
technology combines the lowest carbon footprint and the best operational CO² performance of any
system of construction currently available. In fact, as an agricultural co-product, straw buildings can be
carbon negative as straw absorbs CO² when it grows.

Answer:
Our Department has led research into straw as a low-impact building material and the BM TRADA’s Q-
Mark certification guarantees a straw building’s energy efficiency, fire safety, durability and weather-
resilience as the technology combines the lowest carbon footprint and the best operational CO²
performance, which enables the innovative straw walls to provide insulation and reduce fuel bills.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #225)

16. Great Manager (Explanation)


Original:
What do great managers actually do? In my research, beginning with a survey of 80,000 managers
conducted by the Gallup Organization and continuing during the past two years with in-depth studies of
a few top performers, I’ve found that while there are as many styles of management as there are
managers, there is one quality that sets truly great managers apart from the rest: They discover what is
unique about each person and then capitalize on it. Average managers play checkers, while great
managers play chess. The difference? In checkers, all the pieces are uniform and move in the same way;

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they are interchangeable. You need to plan and coordinate their movements, certainly, but they all move
at the same pace, on parallel paths. In chess, each type of piece moves in a different way, and you can’t
play if you don’t know how each piece moves. More important, you won’t win if you don’t think carefully
about how you move the pieces. Great managers know and value the unique abilities and even the
eccentricities of their employees, and they learn how best to integrate them into a coordinated plan of
attack. This is the exact opposite of what great leaders do. Great leaders discover what is universal and
capitalize on it. Their job is to rally people toward a better future. Leaders can succeed in this only when
they can cut through differences of race, sex, age, nationality, and personality and, using stories and
celebrating heroes, tap into those very few needs we all share. The job of a manager, meanwhile, is to
turn one person’s particular talent into performance. Managers will succeed only when they can identify
and deploy the differences among people, challenging each employee to excel in his or her own way.
This doesn’t mean a leader can’t be a manager or vice versa. But to excel at one or both, you must be
aware of the very different skills each role requires.

Answer:
In my research, I’ve found that great managers discover what is unique about each person and then
capitalize on it; great managers know and value the unique abilities of their employees, and they learn
how best to integrate them into a coordinated plan of attack, while great leaders discover what is
universal and capitalize on it, which means that you must be aware of the very different skills each role
requires.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #214)

17. Summer Vacation (Incomplete)


Points:
(APEUni Website / App SWT #206)

18. Seattle Commuters (Incomplete)


Points: The traffic improvement in Seattle is due to the decreasing number of cars of commuters, who
have turned to take bus. This is a piece of news from a survey and the situation has not changed a lot.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #188)

19. Materials (Incomplete)


Points: About the increase demand for materials such as minerals to build houses, plastic, papers, petrol
and diesel for fuel, etc., and its effects on the environment.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #183)

20. New Women (Incomplete)


Points: About New Women in British and North America, which was a concept brought forward by a
writer named Sarah, who wrote a book which triggered dispute between two kinds of commentators. The
book mainly talks about women's position in the middle class, including a few aspects, such as finance,
employment, marriage, etc.. The write advocated protecting women's position. Although the idea did not
go well, it was still commemorated as women's movement.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #180)

21. The Women Institute (Incomplete)


Points: It has been more than 100 years since The Women Institute was established, but gender equality
has not yet been achieved. Even with the equality law, the gender pay gap still exists and women are still
earning much less than men are. Women need to improve themselves, in areas including…… So there is

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still a lot more that we need to do, such as STEM. And governments should also take actions.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #179)

22. Legume
Original:
Gardeners can feed their families and enrich the soil by growing legumes, such as green beans,
soybeans, lentils and peas. Legume roots produce their own nitrogen, which is a major fertilizer nutrient
needed by all plants for growth. Nitrogen is produced in nodules that form on the roots of legumes,
which contain Rhizobium bacteria. The bacteria take nitrogen from the air and convert it into a form the
plants can use. When legumes are pulled up in the fall, excess nitrogen from the nodules is left in the
soil. The excess organic nitrogen can be used by other plants the following growing season. It's
considered organic nitrogen because it was produced naturally, making green beans or peas great
rotational crops in an organic crop production system. Organic growers prefer organic nitrogen because
of its natural origins and because it breaks down slowly in the soil, thus slowly feeding plants throughout
the growing season. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers tend to release nitrogen quickly and are harsher on the
environment. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are generally applied in split applications during the season to
mimic the slow release of organic nitrogen sources. Each specific legume generally requires a specific
type of Rhizobium bacteria to produce nodules on their roots. Gardeners who have never grown green
beans before can purchase small bags of inoculum or bacteria from most popular vegetable seed
catalogs. Before planting beans, open the package and pour in the dust-like bacteria among the seed.
Shake the package and then plant. Nodules will form on the roots as they develop. The bacteria will
remain in the soil, making it unnecessary to inoculate the seed next year. Do not apply extra nitrogen
fertilizer to bean crops. Doing so makes bacteria in the nodules lazy, encouraging them to stop
producing their own nitrogen. Legumes that are particularly popular in the home vegetable garden
include lima beans, peas, edible soybeans, lentils and fava beans. In a recent survey, 44 percent of
gardeners trained through New Mexico State University's Master Gardener Program said they grew
green beans and other legumes in their home gardens. When planting, be sure to purchase appropriate
strains of Rhizobium bacteria for each type of legume.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #178)

23. Assessment (Explanation)


Original:
Assessment is a central process in education. If students learned what they were taught, we would never
need to assess; we could instead just keep records of what we had taught. But as every teacher knows,
many students do not learn what they are taught. Indeed, when we look at their work, it is sometimes
hard to believe that they were in the classroom. In fact, it is impossible to predict with any certainty what
students will learn as the result of a particular sequence of classroom activities. And because we cannot
teach well without finding out where our students are starting from, we have to assess. Even if all our
students started out at the same point (a highly unlikely situation!), each of them will have reached
different understandings of the material being studied within a very short period of time. That is why
assessment is the bridge between teaching and learning—it is only through assessment that we can find
out whether what has happened in the classroom has produced the learning we intended. Of course,
assessment is also used for other purposes in education, which makes the picture much more
complicated. In all countries, assessments of the performance of individual students are used to
determine which students are, and which students are not, qualified for subsequent phases of education,
and also to decide which kinds of education students should receive.

Answer:

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Assessment is a central process in education and a bridge between teaching and learning as many
students do not learn what they are taught because they have reached different understandings of the
material being studied, but assessment is also used for other purposes in education such as
assessments of the performance of students, and also to decide which kinds of education students
should receive.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #176)

24. Education Technology (Explanation)


Original:
In 1953 B.F. Skinner visited his daughter’s maths class. The Harvard psychologist found every pupil
learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. A few days later he built his first "teaching
machine", which let children tackle questions at their own pace. By the mid-1960s similar gizmos were
being flogged by door-to-door salesmen. Within a few years, though, enthusiasm for them had fizzled
out. Since then education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop, even as
computers have reshaped almost every other part of life. One reason is the conservatism of teachers
and their unions. But another is that the brain-stretching potential of edtech has remained unproven.
Today, however, Skinner’s heirs are forcing the sceptics to think again (see article). Backed by billionaire
techies such as Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates, schools around the world are using new software to
"personalize" learning. This could help hundreds of millions of children stuck in dismal classes—but only
if edtech boosters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. To
succeed, edtech must be at the service of teaching, not the other way around. The conventional model
of schooling emerged in Prussia in the 18th century. Alternatives have so far failed to teach as many
children as efficiently. Classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed
timetables are still the norm for most of the world’s nearly 1.5bn schoolchildren.

Answer:
Despite education technology, which must be at the service of teaching, having repeated the cycle of
hype and flop, schools around the world are using new software to "personalize" learning, helping
hundreds of millions of children stuck in dismal classes, but alternatives of the conventional model of
schooling failed to teach as many children as efficiently, with classrooms, hierarchical year-groups,
standardized curriculums and fixed timetables being still the norm for most of the world's schoolchildren.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #169)

25. Positive Mindset (Explanation)


Original:
Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set, performance on nearly every level –
productivity, creativity, engagement - improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver
of performance. For one, most people believe that success precedes happiness. “Once I get a
promotion, I'll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, I'll feel great.” But because success
is a moving target – as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again, the happiness that results from
success is fleeting. In fact, it works the other way around: People who cultivate a positive mind-set
perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the "happiness advantage” – every business outcome
shows improvement when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role as a researcher and
lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I'm not alone:
In a meta-analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers Sonja Lyubomirsky, Laura King, and Ed Diener
found strong evidence of directional causality between life satisfaction and successful business
outcomes. Another common misconception is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the
two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one's general sense of

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well-being is surprisingly malleable. The habits you cultivate, the way you interact with coworkers, how
you think about stress – all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of
success.

Answer:
People who cultivate a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge, which is called
"happiness advantage”, supported by strong evidence of directional causality between life satisfaction
and successful business outcomes, and another common misconception is that our genetics, our
environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are, despite the fact that one's
general sense of well-being is surprisingly malleable.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #110)

26. Ethics (Explanation)


Original:
Ethics is a set of moral obligations that define right and wrong in our practices and decisions. Many
professions have a formalized system of ethical practices that help guide professionals in the field. For
example, doctors commonly take the Hippocratic Oath, which, among other things, states that doctors
"do no harm" to their patients. Engineers follow an ethical guide that states that they "hold paramount
the safety, health, and welfare of the public." Within these professions, as well as within science, the
principles become so ingrained that practitioners rarely have to think about adhering to the ethic – it's
part of the way they practice. And a breach of ethics is considered very serious, punishable at least
within the profession (by revocation of a license, for example) and sometimes by the law as well.
Scientific ethics calls for honesty and integrity in all stages of scientific practice, from reporting results
regardless to properly attributing collaborators. This system of ethics guides the practice of science,
from data collection to publication and beyond. As in other professions, the scientific ethic is deeply
integrated into the way scientists work, and they are aware that the reliability of their work and scientific
knowledge in general depends upon adhering to that ethic. Many of the ethical principles in science
relate to the production of unbiased scientific knowledge, which is critical when others try to build upon
or extend research findings. The open publication of data, peer review, replication, and collaboration
required by the scientific ethic all help to keep science moving forward by validating research findings
and confirming or raising questions about results.

Answer:
Within the professions, where many professions have a formalized system of ethical practices, ethical
principles become so ingrained that practitioners rarely have to think about adhering to the ethic, a set
of moral obligations defining right and wrong, and scientific ethics, deeply integrated into the way
scientists work, calls for honesty and integrity in all stages of scientific practice, which guides the
practice, with the ethical principles relating to the production of unbiased scientific knowledge.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #109)

27. World Wide Web (Explanation)


Original:
Tim Berners-Lee believes the internet can foster human understanding and even world peace. He is the
man who has changed the world more than anyone else in the past hundred years. Sir Tim Berners-Lee
may be a mild-mannered academic who lives modestly in Boston, but as the inventor of the world wide
web he is also a revolutionary. Along with Galileo, William Caxton and Sir Isaac Newton, he is a scientist
who has altered the way people think as well as the way they live Since the web went global 20 years
ago, the way we shop, listen to music and communicate has been transformed. There are implications
for politics, literature, economics even terrorism because an individual can now have the same access to

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information as the elite. Society will never be the same. The computer scientist from Oxford, who built
his own computer from a television screen and spare parts after he was banned from one of the
university computers, is a cultural guru as much as a technological one. It is amazing how far we've
come, he says. But you're always wondering what’s the next crazy idea, and working to make sure the
web stays one web and that the internet stays open. There isn't much time to sit back and reflect. We
speak for more than an hour about everything from Facebook to fatwas, Wikipedia to Google. He
invented the web, he says, because he was frustrated that he couldn't find all the information he wanted
in one place. It was an imaginary concept that he realized.

Answer:
Tim- Berners-Lee, the inventor of the world wide web, is a revolutionary scientist who has altered the
way people think as well as the way they live, believing the internet can foster human understanding and
even world peace, because an individual now have the same access to information as the elite; there is
not much time to sit back and reflect because society will never be the same.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #154)

28. Pre-service teachers (Incomplete)


Points: 1) Each course has a specific syllabus that highlights specific technologies required. 2) Some
teachers know how to integrate technologies while some others don’t. 3) There will be instructors
helping pre-service teachers learn how to integrate technology and experiences in class, and to
encourage pre-service teachers to think about the integration, which always allows them to learn online
anytime.

Answer:
While each course has a specific syllabus to highlight specific technologies required, some teachers
know how to integrate technologies while some others don’t, but there will be instructors helping pre-
service teachers learn how to integrate technology and experiences in class, which allows them to learn
online anytime.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #113)

29. Asda (Explanation)


Original:
Asda has become the first food retailer in the country to measure how much customers can save by
cutting back on food waste, thanks to a Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) with the University of
Leeds. The idea behind the KTP was for the University, using Asda’s customer insight data, to apply its
research to identify, investigate and implement ways of helping customers to reduce their food waste.
This was one of the first times that a major retailer had tried to deliver large-scale sustainability
changes, with the two year project seen as a way for Asda to position themselves as true innovators in
this area. The campaign focused on providing customers with advice on everything from food storage
and labelling, to creative recipes for leftovers. Meanwhile, in-store events encouraged customers to
make changes in their own. They will make changes to how they deal with food waste in their own
homes, leading to an average saving of 57 pounds per customer, as well as a reduction in waste. A key
aspect of a KTP is that an associate is employed by the University to work in the firm and help deliver
the desired outcomes of the KTP. As a part of the collaboration with Asda, Laura Babbs was given the
task of driving forward the sustainability changes in the retailer. As a result of the success of her work,
Laura eventually became a permanent member of the team at Asda.

Answer:
Asda has become the first food retailer in the country to measure how much customers can save by

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cutting back on food waste, with a campaign focusing on providing customers with advice on everything
from food storage and labelling, to creative recipes for leftovers, and with in-store events encouraging
customers to make changes in their own, and an associate is employed by the University to work in the
firm.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #101)

30. Illusion (Explanation)


Original:
According to researchers, the invisibility cloak illusion stems from the belief that we are much more
socially observant than the people around us. This means that, while we watch and wonder about other
people as much as possible, we often think that people around us are less aware. This illusion occurs
because, while we are fully aware of our own impressions and speculations about other people, we have
no idea about what those other people are thinking unless they choose to share with us, something that
rarely happens except in exceptional circumstances. To better understand what is happening, it is
important to consider the groundbreaking research by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman on cognitive
biases. When people make judgments about other people in social situations, they often depend on
specific biases such as the availability heuristic, i.e., that we attach more significance to thoughts that
come to mind easily. This is why we consider thoughts about other people as being more important than
thoughts about inanimate objects. And so, as we look around us, we tend to focus our thoughts on the
people we see and what they happen to be doing. Which is why people-watching can be so addictive.
What adds to the sense that we are relatively invisible to others is that people tend to be as discreet as
possible about their people-watching. Just because other people aren't sharing their observations with
us, it's easy to pretend that they are not as observant as we are. Of course, people may share their
people-watching observations with anyone they happen to be with but, for the most part, that only
applies to something remarkable enough to comment on. For most of us, what we are seeing tends to
be extremely private and not to be shared with others.

Answer:
The invisibility cloak illusion stems from the belief that we are much more socially observant than the
people around us, which means while we watch and wonder about other people as much as possible, we
often think they are less aware, and occurs because, while we are fully aware of our own impressions
and speculations about other people, we have no idea about what those other people are thinking.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #90)

31. Reading (Explanation)


Original:
It might seem a little eccentric, but reviewing your work by reading it aloud can help to identify the
woolliest areas. This works best if you perform your reading in a theatrical way, pausing at the commas
and ends of sentences. If you run out of breath during a sentence, it is probably too long. You ought to
be able to convert your writing into a speech in this way if it sounds too stilted and convoluted, perhaps
you could rework these parts until they sound fluid. It is unlikely that your reader will be fooled by the
idea that long words make you sound clever. Cluttering a sentence with too many complicated words
can prevent its meaning from being understood at all. A short word is always preferable to a long one.
Why should anyone choose the word erroneous over the word wrong in an essay? Usually, writers who
employ more obscure words are trying to sound impressive but can appear pretentious. Direct words
enable you to control what you are saying, and are not necessarily babyish, but the most appropriate
ones for the job. When you read your writing aloud, you will notice that the key stress comes at the end
of your sentence. It is, therefore, most effective to end with a short and emphatic word to secure your

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point. Try to resist the impulse to waffle at the end of your sentence by trailing off into qualifying
clauses. It might be worth relocating the clause to the beginning of the sentence or losing it altogether if
you feel that it adds little to its meaning. Your sentences might be the most grammatically perfect in the
world, but still, cause your writing to sound wrong if you have misjudged its tone. A colloquial style,
which uses slang and exclamations, is an inappropriately chatty tone for an essay. However, style can be
equally jarring if your vocabulary is too formal or ambitious for its context. It is much more impressive to
make complicated points using simple language and grammar.

Answer:
Reviewing your work by reading it aloud can help to identify the woolliest areas, including cluttering a
sentence with too many complicated words, which can prevent its meaning from being understood
because direct words enable you to control what you are saying, and your sentences might be the most
grammatically perfect while a colloquial style is an inappropriate tone for an essay and style can be
jarring if your vocabulary is too formal or ambitious.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #88)

32. Biomimicry (Explanation)


Original:
Biomimicry (from bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate) is a new science that studies
nature’s best ideas and then imitates these designs and processes to solve human problems. Studying a
leaf to invent a better solar cell is an example. I think of it as ‘innovation inspired by nature.’ The core
idea is that nature, imaginative by necessity, has already solved many of the problems we are grappling
with. Animals, plants, and microbes are the consummate engineers. They have found what works, what is
appropriate, and most important, what lasts here on Earth. This is the real news of biomimicry: After 3.8
billion years of research and development, failures are fossils, and what surrounds us is the secret to
survival. Like the viceroy butterfly imitating the monarch, we humans are imitating the best and brightest
organisms in our habitat. We are learning, for instance, how to harness energy like a leaf, grow food like
a prairie, build ceramics like an abalone, self-medicate like a chimp, compute like a cell, and run a
business like a hickory forest. The conscious emulation of life’s genius is a survival strategy for the
human race, a path to a sustainable future. The more our world looks and functions like the natural
world, the more likely we are to endure on this home that is ours, but not ours alone.

Answer:
Biomimicry is a new science that studies nature's best ideas and then imitates these designs and
processes to solve human problems, whose core idea is that nature has already solved many of the
problems we are grappling with, with animals, plants, and microbes being the consummate engineers,
and the more our world looks and functions like the natural world, the more likely we are to endure on
this home.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #87)

33. Plastic Particles (Explanation)


Original:
Fish are being killed, and prevented from reaching maturity, by the litter of plastic particles finding their
way into the world's oceans, new research has proved. Some young fish have been found to prefer tiny
particles of plastic to their natural food sources, effectively starving them before they can reproduce.
The growing problem of microplastics - tiny particles of polymer-type materials from modern industry -
has been thought for several years to be a peril for fish, but the study published on Thursday is the first
to prove the damage in trials. Microplastics are near-indestructible in natural environments. They enter
the oceans through litter, when waste such as plastic bags, packaging and other convenience materials

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are discarded. Vast amounts of these end up in the sea, through inadequate waste disposal systems and
sewage outfall. Another growing source is microbeads, tiny particles of hard plastics that are used in
cosmetics, for instance as an abrasive in modern skin cleaners. These easily enter waterways as they are
washed off as they are used, flushed down drains and forgotten, but can last for decades in our oceans.
The impact of these materials has been hard to measure, despite being a growing source of concern.
Small particles of plastics have been found in seabirds, fish and whales, which swallow the materials but
cannot digest them, leading to a build-up in their digestive tracts. For the first time, scientists have
demonstrated that fish exposed to such materials during their development show stunted growth and
increased mortality rates, as well as changed behavior that could endanger their survival.

Answer:
Fish are being killed and prevented from reaching maturity, by the litter of plastic particles finding their
way into the world's oceans, as some young fish have been found to prefer tiny particles of plastic to
their natural food, effectively starving them before they can reproduce, which has been thought for
several years to be a peril for fish, with the impact of these materials hard to measure, despite being a
growing source of concern.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #86)

34. Vividity of TV and Newspaper (Explanation)


Original:
To understand the final reason why the news marketplace of ideas dominated by television is so
different from the one that emerged in the world dominated by the printing press, it is important to
distinguish the quality of vividness experienced by television viewers from the “vividness” experienced by
readers. I believe that the vividness experienced in the reading of words is automatically modulated by
the constant activation of the reasoning centers of the brain that are used in the process of concreating
the representation of reality the author has intended. By contrast, the visceral vividness portrayed on
television has the capacity to trigger instinctual responses similar to those triggered by reality itself—and
without being modulated by logic, reason, and reflective thought. The simulation of reality accomplished
in the television medium is so astonishingly vivid and compelling compared with the representations of
reality conveyed by printed words that it signifies much more than an incremental change in the way
people consume information. Books also convey compelling and vivid representations of reality, of
course. But the reader actively participates in the conjuring of the reality the book’s author is attempting
to depict. Moreover, the parts of the human brain that are central to the reasoning process are
continually activated by the very act of reading printed words: Words are composed of abstract symbols
—letters—that have no intrinsic meaning themselves until they are strung together into recognizable
sequences. Television, by contrast, presents to its viewers a much more fully formed representation of
reality—without requiring the creative collaboration that words have always demanded.

Answer:
The news marketplace of ideas dominated by television is so different from the one that emerged in the
world dominated by the printing press, because the quality of vividness experienced by television viewers
is different from that by readers, and the simulation of reality accomplished in the television medium is
much more compelling and vivid compared with the representation of reality conveyed by printed words.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #74)

35. Rosetta Stone (Explanation)


Original:
When the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799, the carved characters that covered its surface were
quickly copied. Printer's ink was applied to the Stone and white paper laid over it. When the paper was

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removed, it revealed an exact copy of the text—but in reverse. Since then, many copies or "facsimiles"
have been made using a variety of materials. Inevitably, the surface of the Stone accumulated many
layers of material left over from these activities, despite attempts to remove any residue. Once on
display, the grease from many thousands of human hands eager to touch the Stone added to the
problem. An opportunity for investigation and cleaning the Rosetta Stone arose when this famous object
was made the centerpiece of the Cracking Codes exhibition at The British Museum in 1999. When work
commenced to remove all but the original, ancient material, the stone was black with white lettering. As
treatment progressed, the different substances uncovered were analyzed. Grease from human handling,
a coating of carnauba wax from the early 1800s and printer's ink from 1799 were cleaned away using
cotton wool swabs and liniment of soap, white spirit, acetone and purified water. Finally, white paint in
the text, applied in 1981, which had been left in place until now as a protective coating, was removed
with cotton swabs and purified water. A small square at the bottom left corner of the face of the Stone
was left untouched to show the darkened wax and the white infill.

Answer:
Since the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799, the carved characters that covered its surface were
quickly copied, which leaves the surface of the Stone accumulated many layers of material left over from
these activities, despite attempts to remove any residue, so when the work of the Cracking Codes
exhibition at The British Museum in 1999 commenced to remove all but the original, ancient material the
stone was black with white lettering.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #69)

36. Great Sphinx (Explanation)


Original:
Archaeological excavations in the early 19th century found pieces of its carved stone beard and a royal
cobra emblem form its headdress. Residues of red pigment are still visible on the face, leading
researchers to conclude that at some point, the Sphinx’s entire visage was painted red. Traces of blue
and yellow paint elsewhere suggest to Lehner that the Sphinx was once decked out in gaudy comic
book. For thousands of years, sand buried the colossus up to its shoulders, creating a vast disembodied
head atop the eastern edge of the Sahara. Then, in 1817, a Genoese adventurer, Capt. Giovanni Battista
Caviglia, led 160 men in the first modern attempt to dig out the Sphinx. They could not hold back the
sand, which poured into their excavation pits nearly as fast as they could dig it out. The Egyptian
archaeologist Selim Hassan finally freed the statue from the sand in the late 1930s. “The Sphinx has
thus emerged into the landscape out of shadows of what seemed to be an impenetrable oblivion,” the
New York Times declared.

Answer:
Archaeological excavations found pieces of its carved stone beard and a royal cobra emblem form its
headdress, with residues of red pigment still visible on the face, concluding Sphinx was once decked out
in gaudy, comic book, and in 1817, a Genoese adventurer, attempted to dig out the Sphinx with the
statue freed from the sand finally.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #67)

37. School Liaison Police NSW (Explanation)


Original:
Armed police have been brought into NSW schools to reduce crime rates and educate students. The 40
School Liaison Police (SLP) officers have been allocated to public and private high schools across the
state. Organisers say the officers, who began work last week, will build positive relationships between
police and students. But parent groups warned of potential dangers of armed police working at schools

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in communities where police relations were already under strain. Among their duties, the SLPs will
conduct crime prevention workshops, talking to students about issues including shoplifting, offensive
behaviour, graffiti and drugs and alcohol. They can also advise school principals. One SLP, Constable
Ben Purvis, began work in the inner Sydney region last week, including at Alexandria Park Community
School's senior campus. Previously stationed as a crime prevention officer at The Rocks, he now has 27
schools under his jurisdiction in areas including The Rocks, Redfern and Kings Cross. Constable Purvis
said the full time position would see him working on the broader issues of crime prevention. "I am not a
security guard," he said. "I am not there to patrol the school. We want to improve relationships between
police and schoolchildren, to have positive interaction. We are coming to the school and giving them
knowledge to improve their own safety." Parents' groups responded to the program positively, but said it
may spark a range of community reactions. "It is a good thing and an innovative idea and there could be
some positive benefits," Council of Catholic School Parents executive officer.

Answer:
Armed police have been brought into NSW schools to reduce crime rates and educate students, but
parent groups warned of potential dangers of armed police working at schools in communities where
police relations were already under strain; one policeman said that he could work on the broader issues
of crime prevention, improve relationships between police and schoolchildren and have positive
interaction.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #60)

38. Plug-in Vehicle (Explanation)


Original:
Here's a term you're going to hear much more often: plug-in vehicle, and the acronym PEV. It's what you
and many other people will drive to work in ten years and more from now. At that time, before you drive
off in the morning you will first unplug your car - your plugin vehicle. Its big on board batteries will have
been fully charged overnight, with enough power for you to drive 50-100 kilometers through city traffic.
When you arrive at work you'll plug in your car once again, this time into a socket that allows power to
flow from your car's batteries to the electricity grid. One of the things you did when you bought your car
was to sign a contract with your favorite electricity supplier, allowing them to draw a limited amount of
power from your car's batteries should they need to, perhaps because of a blackout, or very high
wholesale spot power prices. The price you get for the power the distributor buys from your car would
not only be most attractive to you, it would be a good deal for them too, their alternative being very
expensive power form peaking stations. If, driving home or for some other reason your batteries looked
like running flat, a relatively small, but quiet and efficient engine running on petrol, diesel or compressed
natural gas, even bio-fuel, would automatically cut in, driving a generator that supplied the batteries so
you could complete your journey. Concerns over 'peak oil', increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and the
likelihood that by the middle of this century there could be five times as many motor vehicles registered
worldwide as there are now, mean that the world's almost total dependence on petroleum-based fuels
for transport is, in every sense of the word, unsustainable.

Answer:
While people can charge their plug-in vehicles overnight before driving, they can plug vehicles into
sockets allowing the power to flow from your car's batteries to the electricity grid, and an engine driving
a generator will supply alternative power, which means more people will drive plug-in vehicles in the
future because the world’s almost total dependence on petroleum-based fuels for transport is
unsustainable.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #56)

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39. Plants Research (Explanation)


Original:
Plants serve as the conduit of energy into the biosphere, provide food and materials used by humans,
and they shape our environment. According to Ehrhardt and Frommer, the three major challenges facing
humanity in our time are food, energy, and environmental degradation. All three are plant related. All of
our food is produced by plants, either directly or indirectly via animals that eat them. Plants are a source
of energy production. And they are intimately involved in climate change and a major factor in a variety
of environmental concerns, including agricultural expansion and its impact on habitat destruction and
waterway pollution. What’s more, none of these issues are independent of each other. Climate change
places additional stresses on the food supply and on various habitats. So, plant research is instrumental
in addressing all of these problems and moving into the future. For plant research to move significantly
forward, Ehrhardt and Former say technological development is critical, both to test existing hypotheses
and to gain new information and generate fresh hypotheses. If we are to make headway in
understanding how these essential organisms function and build the foundation for a sustainable future,
then we need to apply the most advanced technologies available to the study of plant life, they say.

Answer:
The three major challenges facing humanity in our time are food, all of which is produced by plants as a
source of energy production, energy, a source of whose production plants are, and environmental
degradation, and they are intimately involved in climate change and a major factor in a variety of
environmental concerns, with none independent of each other, so plant research is instrumental in
addressing all of these problems and moving into the future.】
(APEUni Website / App SWT #55)

40. Overqualified Employees (Explanation)


Original:
If your recruiting efforts attract job applicants with too much experience—a near certainty in this weak
labor market—you should consider a response that runs counter to most hiring managers’ MO: Don’t
reject those applicants out of hand. Instead, take a closer look. New research shows that overqualified
workers tend to perform better than other employees, and they don’t quit any sooner. Furthermore, a
simple managerial tactic—empowerment—can mitigate any dissatisfaction they may feel. The prejudice
against too-good employees is pervasive. Companies tend to prefer an applicant who is a “perfect fit”
over someone who brings more intelligence, education, or experience than needed. On the surface, this
bias makes sense: Studies have consistently shown that employees who consider themselves
overqualified exhibit higher levels of discontent. For example, over-qualification correlated well with job
dissatisfaction in a 2008 study of 156 call-center reps by Israeli researchers Saul Fine and Baruch Nevo.
And unlike discrimination based on age or gender, declining to hire overqualified workers is perfectly
legal. But even before the economic downturn, a surplus of overqualified candidates was a global
problem, particularly in developing economies, where rising education levels are giving workers more
skills than are needed to supply the growing service sectors. If managers can get beyond the
conventional wisdom, the growing pool of too-good applicants is a great opportunity. Berrin Erdogan
and Talya N. Bauer of Portland State University in Oregon found that overqualified workers’ feelings of
dissatisfaction can be dissipated by giving them autonomy in decision making. At stores where
employees didn’t feel empowered, “overeducated” workers expressed greater dissatisfaction than their
colleagues did and were more likely to state an intention to quit. But that difference vanished where
self-reported autonomy was high.

Answer:

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Prejudice against too-good employees is pervasive as employees who consider themselves overqualified
exhibit higher levels of discontent and declining to hire overqualified workers is perfectly legal, but the
growing pool of too-good applicants is a great opportunity for managers because overqualified workers
tend to perform better than other employees, and empowerment can mitigate any dissatisfaction they
may feel.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #50)

41. Online Teaching & Learning (Explanation)


Original:
What makes teaching online unique is that it uses the internet, especially the World Wide Web, as the
primary means of communication. Thus, when you teach online, you don’t have to be someplace to
teach. You don’t have to lug your briefcase full of paper or your laptop to a classroom, stand at a
lectern, scribble on a chalkboard (or even use your high-tech, interactive classroom “smart” whiteboard),
or grade papers in a stuffy room while your students take a test. You don’t even have to sit in your
office waiting for students to show up for conferences. You can hold “office hours” on weekends or at
night after dinner. You can do all this while living in a small town in Wyoming or a big city like Bangkok,
even if you are working for a college whose administrative office is located in Florida or Dubai. You can
attend an important conference in Hawaii on the same day you teach your class in New Jersey, logging
on from your laptop via the local café’s wireless hotspot or your hotel room’s high-speed network. Or
you may simply pull out your smartphone to quickly check on the latest postings, email, or text messages
from students. Online learning offers more freedom for students as well. They can search for courses
using the Web, scouring their institution or even the world for programs, classes, and instructors that fit
their needs. Having found an appropriate course, they can enroll and register, shop for their books, read
articles, listen to lectures, submit their homework assignments, confer with their instructors, and receive
their final grades-all online.

Answer:
Because teaching online uses the internet as the primary means of communication, teachers don’t have
to be someplace to teach and they can hold “office hours” on weekends or at night after dinner; online
learning offers more freedom for students as they can search for courses using the Web, scouring their
institution or even the world for programs, classes, and instructors that fit their needs.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #48)

42. Oil Price Decline (Explanation)


Original:
A plunging oil price has dragged UK inflation to zero over recent months. But analysts say the fall in
retail prices cannot solely be attributed to oil. Discount retailers continue to steal market share from
established industry giants, taking an increased chunk of both food and non-food markets. And, as retail
analyst Nick Bubb notes, “the big supermarkets have had to respond to this by bringing down their own
‘rip off’ prices”. The result is a sector-wide fall in prices paid at the till. The growth of online retailers
has also brought prices down, in part due to the ease with which customers can compare prices and
purchase goods elsewhere if they find an item cheaper on a competitor’s site. Retailers are also reluctant
to offer different prices in their physical and online stores, according to retail analyst Richard Hyman,
which means shops are forced to cut prices on the high street. An ever-expanding range of shops is also
to blame, according to Mr. Hyman. “Overcapacity is the biggest of the issues affecting prices,” he says.
“In the last 10 years, online alone has added the equivalent of 110m square feet of trading space —
that’s roughly equal to 65 additional Westfield London shopping malls. An increase in supply of retailers,
with no increase in demand, has left the industry massively oversupplied.”

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Answer:
While analysts say the fall in retail prices cannot just be attributed to the plunging oil price, discount
retailers continue to steal market share from established industry giants, and the growth of online
retailers and the increase in supply of retailers are both to blame.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #47)

43. Malaysia Tourism (Explanation)


Original:
Malaysia is one of the most pleasant, hassle-free countries to visit in Southeast Asia. Aside from its
gleaming 21st century glass towers, it boasts some of the most superb beaches, mountains and national
parks in the region. Malaysia is also launching its biggest-ever tourism campaign in effort to lure 20
million visitors here this year. Any tourist itinerary would have to begin in the capital, Kuala Lumpur,
where you will find the Petronas Twin Towers, which once comprised the world tallest buildings and now
hold the title of second-tallest. Both the 88-story towers soar 1,480 feet high and are connected by a
sky-bridge on the 41st floor. The limestone temple Batu Caves, located 9 miles north of the city, have a
328-foot-high ceiling and feature ornate Hindu shrines, including a 141-foot-tall gold-painted statue of
a Hindu deity. To reach the caves, visitors have to climb a steep flight of 272 steps. In Sabah state on
Borneo island not to be confused with Indonesias Borneo you'll find the small mushroom-shaped
Sipadan island, off the coast of Sabah, rated as one of the top five diving sites in the world. Sipadan is
the only oceanic island in Malaysia, rising from a 2,300-foot abyss in the Celebes Sea. You can also
climb Mount Kinabalu, the tallest peak in Southeast Asia, visit the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary, go
white-water rafting and catch a glimpse of the bizarre Proboscis monkey, a primate found only in
Borneo with a huge pendulous nose, a characteristic pot belly and strange honking sounds. While you're
in Malaysia, consider a trip to Malacca. In its heyday, this southern state was a powerful Malay sultanate
and a booming trading port in the region. Facing the Straits of Malacca, this historical state is now a
place of intriguing Chinese streets, antique shops, old temples and reminders of European colonial
powers. Another interesting destination is Penang, known as the Pearl of the Orient. This island off the
northwest coast of Malaysia boasts of a rich Chinese cultural heritage, good food and beautiful beaches.

Answer:
While Malaysia is one of the most pleasant countries to visit in Southeast Asia, it is also launching its
biggest-ever tourism campaign to lure more visitors this year, and people can visit lots of places, such
as the Petronas Twin Tower in Kuala Lumper, the limestone temple Batu Caves, the Sipadan island in
Sabah, the Mount Kinabalu as well as Malacca.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #39)

44. Grass & Cow (Explanation)


Original:
The co-evolutionary relationship between cows and grass is one of nature’s underappreciated wonders;
it also happens to be the key to understanding just about everything about modern meat. For the
grasses, which have evolved to withstand the grazing of ruminants, the cow maintains and expands their
habitat by preventing trees and shrubs from gaining a foothold and hogging the sunlight; the animal also
spreads grass seed, plants it with his hooves, and then fertilizes it with his manure. In exchange for
these services the grasses offer ruminants a plentiful and exclusive supply of lunch. For cows (like sheep,
bison, and other ruminants) have evolved the special ability to convert grass – which single-stomached
creatures like us can’t digest – into high-quality protein. They can do this because they possess what is
surely the most highly evolved digestive organ in nature: the rumen. About the size of a medicine ball, the
organ is essentially a forty-five-gallon fermentation tank in which a resident population of bacteria dines

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on grass.

Answer:
While the grasses have evolved to withstand the grazing of ruminants because the cow not only
maintains and expands their habitat, but also spreads, plants and fertilizes grass seeds, cows have
evolved the special ability to convert grass into high-quality protein because they possess the most
highly evolved digestive organ of rumen in which a resident population of bacteria dines on grass, which
is the co-evolutionary relationship between cows and grass.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #31)

45. Geothermal Energy (Explanation)


Original:
What is the solution for nations with increasing energy demands, hindered by frequent power cuts and
an inability to compete in the international oil market? For East Africa at least, experts think geothermal
energy is the answer. More promising still, the Kenyan government and international investors seem to
be listening. This is just in time according to many, as claims of an acute energy crisis are afoot due to
high oil prices, population spikes and droughts. Geothermal energy works by pumping water into
bedrock, where it is heated and returns to the surface as steam which is used directly as a heat source
or to drive electricity production. Source: Energy Information Administration, Geothermal Energy in the
Western United States and Hawaii. Currently over 60% of Kenya’s power comes from hydroelectric
sources but these are proving increasingly unreliable as the issue of seasonal variation is intensified by
erratic rain patterns. Alternative energy sources are needed; and the leading energy supplier in Kenya,
Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), hopes to expand its geothermal energy supply from
13% to 25 % of its total usage by 2020. The potential of geothermal energy in the region was first
realised internationally by the United Nations Development Program, when geologists observed thermal
anomalies below the East African Rift system. Locals have been utilising this resource for centuries;
using steam vents to create the perfect humidity for greenhouses, or simply to enjoy a swim in the many
natural hot lakes. Along the 6000 km of the rift from the Red Sea to Mozambique, geochemical,
geophysical and heat flow measurements were made to identify areas suitable for geothermal wells. One
area lies next to the extinct Olkaria volcano, within the Hell’s Gate National Park, and sits over some of
the thinnest continental crust on Earth. This is a result of the thinning of the crust by tectonic stretching,
causing hotter material below the Earth’s surface to rise, resulting in higher temperatures. This thin crust
was ideal for the drilling of geothermal wells, reaching depths of around 3000 m, where temperatures
get up to 342°C, far higher than the usual temperature of 90°C at this depth. Water in the surrounding
rocks is converted to steam by the heat. The steam can be used to drive turbines and produce
electricity.

Answer:
With the increasing energy demands in East Africa and the current unreliable energy source, Kenya has
already adopted a geothermal energy as an alternative source and hopes to increase its supply in the
future, which is mainly generated from the thinnest continental crust on Earth where the water is
converted into steam that can be either used as a direct heat source or drive electricity production.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #30)

46. Electric Cars (Explanation)


Original:
Although we tend to think of electric cars as being something completely modern, they were in fact
some of the earliest types of motorized vehicle. At the beginning of the twentieth century electric cars
were actually more popular than cars with an internal combustion engine as they were more comfortable

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to ride in. However, as cars fuelled by petrol increased in importance, electric cars declined. The
situation became such that electric vehicles were only used for certain specific purposes - as fork-lift
trucks, ambulances and urban delivery vehicles, for example. Although electricity declined in use in road
vehicles, it steadily grew in importance as a means of powering trains. Switzerland, for example, was
quick to develop an electrified train system, encouraged in this no doubt by the fact that it had no coal
or oil resources of its own. Nowadays there is renewed interest in electricity as a means of powering
road vehicles. Why is this the case? Well, undoubtedly economic reasons are of considerable
importance. The cost of oil has risen so sharply that there is a strong financial imperative to look for an
alternative. However, there are also environmental motivations. Emissions from cars are blamed in large
part for - among other things – the destruction of the ozone layer and the resultant rise in temperatures
in the polar regions. A desire not to let things get any worse is also encouraging research into designing
effective electric transport.

Answer:
Although electric cars were actually more popular than cars with an internal combustion engine as they
were more comfortable to ride in, they declined because cars fuelled by petrol increased in importance, ;
however because of economic reasons and environmental motivations, nowadays there is renewed
interest in electricity as a means of powering road vehicles.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #26)

47. Double Blind (Explanation)


Original:
The feature of being “double blind”, where neither patients nor physicians are aware of who receives the
experimental treatment, is almost universally trumpeted as being a virtue of clinical trials. Hence, trials
that fail to remain successfully double blind are regarded as providing inferior evidential support. The
rationale for this view is unobjectionable: double blinding rules out the potential confounding influences
of patient and physician beliefs. Nonetheless, viewing double blind trial as necessarily superior is
problematic. For one, it leads to the paradox that very effective experimental treatments will not be
supportable by best evidence. If a new drug were to make even the most severe symptoms of the
common cold disappear within seconds, most participants and investigators would correctly identify it as
the latest wonder drug and not the control (i.e. placebo) treatment. Any trial testing the effectiveness of
this wonder drug will therefore fail to remain double blind. Similar problems arise for treatments, such as
exercise and most surgical techniques, whose nature makes them resistant to being tested in double
blind conditions. It seems strange that an account of evidence should make priori judgments that certain
claims can never be supported by ‘best evidence’. It would be different if the claims at issue were
pseudoscientific – untestable. But so far as treatments with large effects go, the claim that they are
effective is highly testable and intuitively they should receive greater support from the evidence than do
claims about treatments with moderate effects.

Answer:
While double blind is a virtue of clinical trials because it rules out the potential confounding influences of
patients and physician beliefs, viewing double blind trial as necessarily superior is problematic because it
leads to the paradox that effective experimental treatments will not be supportable by the best evidence,
but claims treatments are effective is highly testable and intuitively they should receive greater support
from the evidence than do claims about treatments with moderate effects.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #24)

48. Diasporas (Explanation)


Original:

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Diasporas – communities which live outside, but maintain links with their homelands – are getting larger,
thicker and stronger. They are the human face of globalisation. Diaspora consciousness is on the rise:
diasporas are becoming more interested in their origins, and organising themselves more effectively;
homelands are revising their opinions of their diasporas as the stigma attached to emigration declines,
and stepping up their engagement efforts; meanwhile, host countries are witnessing more assertive
diasporic groups within their own national communities, worrying about fifth columns and foreign
lobbies, and suffering outbreaks of ‘diaspora phobia’. This trend is the result of five factors, all of them
connected with globalisation: the growth in international migration; the revolution in transport and
communications technology, which is quickening the pace of diasporas’ interactions with their
homelands; a reaction against global homogenised culture, which is leading people to rethink their
identities; the end of the Cold War, which increased the salience of ethnicity and nationalism and
created new space in which diasporas can operate; and policy changes by national governments on
issues such as dual citizenship and multiculturalism, which are enabling people to lead transnational lives.
Diasporas such as those attaching to China, India, Russia and Mexico are already big, but they will
continue to grow; the migration flows which feed them are likely to widen and quicken in the future.

Answer:
With the Diasporas are getting larger, thicker, and stronger, resulting of five globalization factors,
including the growth in international migration, the revolution in transport and communications
technology, a reaction against global homogenized culture, the end of the Cold War, and policy changes
by national governments, homelands are revising their opinions to their engagement efforts while host
countries are starting to worry about foreign lobbies and Diaspora phobia.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #23)

49. Children Allowance (Explanation)


Original:
Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your child
for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life. Paying children to do extra work
around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business
works. Allowances give children a chance to experience the things they can do with money. They can
share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or
they can save and maybe even invest it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require
sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowance
can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and
teenagers learn about personal finance. A savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power
of compound interest. Compounding works by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar
invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the
money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot. But
over time it adds up.

Answer:
Although many people say it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home, it can
provide an understanding of how a business works and give them a chance to experience the things they
can do with money because children can spend the money or understand saving and investing, so that
they can learn about the power of compound interest.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #15)

50. Cataract Surgery (Explanation)


Original:

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Scientists believe they may have found a way to prevent complications that can arise following cataract
surgery, the world’s leading cause of blindness. Detailing why complications can occur after surgery,
researchers from the University of East Anglia (UEA) explained that while cataract surgery works well to
restore vision, a few natural lens cells always remain after the procedure. Over time, the eye’s wound-
healing response leads these cells to spread across the underside of the artificial lens, which interferes
with vision, causing what’s known as ‘posterior capsule opacification’ or secondary cataract. UEA’s
School of Biological Sciences academic, Dr. Michael Wormstone, who led the study, said: “Secondary
visual loss responds well to treatment with laser surgery. But as life expectancy increases, the problems
of cataract and posterior capsule opacification will become even greater in terms of both patient well
being and economic burden. It’s essential that we find better ways to manage the condition in future.”
As a result, researchers are designing new artificial lenses that can be placed into a capsular bag that
stays open, instead of shrink-wrapping closed, which currently occurs. It is believed that, through the
new approach, fluid in the eye can flow around the artificial lens, therefore diluting and washing away
the cell-signaling molecules that encourage cell re-growth.

Answer:
Complications following cataract surgery are the world’s leading cause of blindness because it will cause
secondary cataract which will become even greater in terms of patients’ wellbeing and economic burden
as life expectancy increases, but researchers are designing new artificial lenses that are proved to be
able to prevent complications following cataract surgery.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #14)

51. Australia-US Alliance (Explanation)


Original:
Some "moments" seem more important in hindsight than they were at the time. David Day, for example,
looks at John Curtin's famous "Australia looks to America" statement of December 1941, a moment
remembered as embodying a fundamental shift in Australia's strategic alliance away from Britain towards
the US. As Day points out, the shift to the US as our primary ally was a long, drawn-out process which
occurred over half a century. Curtin's statement is iconic - it represents and symbolizes the shift - but in
and of itself it made almost no difference. Russell McGregor makes similar arguments with regard to the
1967 referendum, falsely hailed in our memories as a huge advance in Aboriginal rights. There are many
other important events which our contributors examine - the campaign to save the Franklin River; the
landings at Gallipoli, the discovery of gold in 1851, the disastrous Premiers' Plan designed to cope with
the Great Depression, to name just a few. Taken together, our contributors show that narrative
approaches to Australian history are not as simple as might be imagined. There is of course the issue of
what should be included and what should not be - what, after all, makes a moment or an event
sufficiently important to be included in an official narrative? Just as importantly, the moments and events
that are included in narrative histories are open to multiple interpretations. We hope this collection will
provide an important reminder to those wanting to impose a universal history curriculum for our
schoolchildren, and indeed a lesson to all Australians wishing to understand their nation's past. History is
never simple or straightforward, and it always resists attempts to make it so.

Answer:
While a moment is remembered as embodying a fundamental shift in Australia’s strategic alliance away
from Britain towards the US, there are many other important events which our contributors examine,
which suggests our contributors show that narrative approaches to Australian history are not as simple
as might be imagined, and the moments and events that are included in narrative histories are open to
multiple interpretations.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #8)

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52. 3D Printing (Explanation)


Original:
Madeline Gannon is a researcher, teacher at the Carnegie Mellon University School of Architecture and
Ph.D. candidate in Computational Design — but that’s not all. She is on a mission to open up the infinite
design possibilities of 3D printing to the world. “Currently you have to have a lot of technical background
in order to participate in creating things for 3D printers,” Gannon says. “There is still a huge knowledge
barrier for how we create digital models.” As the technology has advanced, prices have plummeted, and
now anyone can buy a 3D printer for a few hundred dollars, Gannon notes. However, not just anyone can
create original designs for 3D-printed artifacts. To put true creative power into the hands of any
ordinary 3D printer owner, Gannon has developed an innovative new system called “Tactum.” Tactum is
a new type of software that lets users create their own unique designs for 3D printers by simply
touching a projected image. Using their innate hand gestures, someone using Tactum can poke, rub and
otherwise manipulate the projected image that will become their 3D printed object, and see it instantly
change shape in response. In keeping with the goal of democratizing the process, Gannon designed her
first series of Tactum artifacts on a surface that everyone can access freely and manipulate instinctively,
that being the human body. “My goal was to bring the digital out to the physical world and out onto your
body,” says Gannon. Along with a companion project called Reverb — which translates these user-
created designs into printable meshes — that impulse has resulted in a spectacular diversity of bracelet
and necklace designs, ranging from smooth landscapes, intricate textures and chaotic free forms to
delicate geometries derived from the 19th century art of chronography.

Answer:
Although anyone can buy a 3D printer to participate in creating things, not just anyone can create
original designs for 3D-printed artifacts, so Madeline Gannon has developed an innovative new system
called Tactum, which lets users create their own unique designs for 3D printers by simply touching a
projected image, and that impulse has resulted in a spectacular diversity of bracelet and necklace
designs with a companion projected called Reverb.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #2)

53. Primary Carers (Explanation)


Original:
Slightly less than one in five carers (19%) were primary carers (475,000 people). That is, they were the
main carer of a person who was limited in carrying out the core everyday activities of mobility,
communication or self-care. Both primary carers and the larger group of other carers (close to 2 million)
contribute to the wellbeing of older people and people with disabilities. However, because they care for
people who otherwise would have difficulty carrying out basic everyday activities, there is particular
interest in primary carers: in the contribution they make, their wellbeing, labor force experiences,
motivations and the support they receive in caring. Primary carers were more likely than other carers to
be assisting someone who lived in the same household (81% compared with 76%). As with caring as a
whole, the likelihood of being a primary carer increased with age to peak at age 55-64 years, where one
in twenty people were primary carers. However, rather than then declining, the likelihood of being a
primary carer remained at around this level among the older age groups. Consequently, primary carers
had a somewhat older age profile than other carers. The median age of primary carers was 52 years,
compared with 47 years for other carers. Primary carers were more likely than other carers to be female
(71% compared with 50%) and less likely to be in the labor force (39% compared with 60%). Women
not in the labor force were by far the largest single group among primary carers (44%). In contrast, men
employed full-time were the largest single group among other carers (25%).

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Answer:
While primary carers, the main carer of a person who would otherwise have difficulty carrying out basic
everyday activities, have a somehow older age profile, they are more likely to be females who are less
likely in the labor force, and men employed full-time were the largest single group among other carers.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #57)

54. American English (Explanation)


Original:
American English is, without doubt, the most influential and powerful variety of English in the world
today. There are many reasons for this. First, the United States is, at present, the most powerful nation
on earth and such power always brings with it influence. Indeed, the distinction between a dialect and a
language has frequently been made by reference to power. As has been said, a language is a dialect
with an army. Second, America’s political influence is extended through American popular culture, in
particular through the international reach of American films (movies, of course) and music. As Kahane
has pointed out, the internationally dominant position of a culture results in a forceful expansion of its
language... the expansion of language contributes... to the prestige of the culture behind it. Third, the
international prominence of American English is closely associated with the extraordinarily quick
development of communications technology. Microsoft is owned by an American, Bill Gates. This means
a computer’s default setting for language is American English, although of course this can be changed
to suit one’s own circumstances. In short, the increased influence of American English is caused by
political power and the resultant diffusion of American culture and media, technological advance, and the
rapid development of communications technology.

Answer:
While American English is a dialect with an army because the United States is the most powerful nation
on the earth and such power brings with it influence, America’s political influence is extended through
American popular culture which also results in an expansion of its language, and the international
prominence of American English is associated with the quick development of communications
technology, which suggests American English is the most influential and powerful variety of English.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #6)

55. Crime Rate (Explanation)


Original:
The Home Office's periodic British Crime Survey estimates that the true level of crime (the sorts,
anyway, which inform the official figures) is about four times than is registered in the annual statistics.
Quite often, especially in the financial services sector, businesses do not report crimes against
themselves for fear of lowering their public image. Many citizens today are not insured against car theft
or property loss (because they cannot afford the premiums) so they have no incentive to tell the police if
they become victims. A steep statistical rise in crime can sometimes arise not from a real growth in a
particular type of conduct but from a new policing policy - offences of "lewd dancing" rose by about
300 per cent during 12 months in the 1980s in Manchester, but only because the zealous Chief
Constable James Anderton had deployed a great many officers in gay night clubs. Sometimes the
enactment of a new range of offences or the possibility of committing old offences in a new way (like
computer offences involving fraud and deception) can cause an upward jolt in crime levels. The figures
just released show a startling jump in street robbery but much of this seems to be a very particular
crime: the theft of the now ubiquitous mobile phones. Conversely, if crimes like joyriding and some
assaults are kept out of the categories measured in the annual statistics, as is the case, the official
figures do not reflect even what is reported to the police as criminal. The way that criminal statistics are

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compiled by the Home Office is also relevant. From April 1998, police forces started to count crime in a
way which, according to the government, will give "a more robust statistical measure".

Answer:
There are several reasons that contribute to a rise in crime rate including that businesses do not report
crimes against themselves for fear of lowering their public image, that citizens have no incentive to tell
police if they become victims, a new policing policy, the enactment of a new range of offenses or the
possibility of committing old offenses in a new way, and the way that criminal statistics are compiled by
the Home Office.
(APEUni Website / App SWT #21)

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Write Essay
1. Better Future
Question:
Among computer, aerospace, and manufacturing industries, which one has a more promising future?
Please provide your reasons.
(APEUni Website / App WE #385)

2. Foreign Language Learning (Explanation)


Question:
What can make learning a new foreign language unimportant? Give your example and explanation.
(APEUni Website / App WE #177)

3. Art and Culture (Explanation)


Question:
Art and culture can improve life quality. Should the government or charity/private investment be
responsible for the funding of art and culture? Give your opinion.
(APEUni Website / App WE #384)

4. Replaced Textbooks (Explanation)


Question:
Do you think textbooks should be replaced by online resources and technological innovations?
(APEUni Website / App WE #139)

5. Overcrowding (Explanation)
Question:
As the urban population grows, traffic is heavy and public areas such as parking lots are packed. What
solutions do you think can address such problems?
(APEUni Website / App WE #369)

6. Nature or Nurture (Explanation)


Question:
Scientists have been debating the impact of nature and nurture on people’s personality and behavior.
Nature brings you inborn skills and nurture helps you obtain skills by practices. Which one do you think
has a greater influence?
(APEUni Website / App WE #368)

7. Hyper Competition (Explanation)


Question:
Some people claim that competition improves the quality of our private and professional lives. Others
believe that hyper competition is bad for society in general. What is your opinion?
(APEUni Website / App WE #367)

8. Financial Learning (Explanation)


Question:
As dealing with money is such an important skill, all children should be taught financial management at
school. Do you agree with it or not?
(APEUni Website / App WE #366)

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9. Salary on Achievements (Explanation)


Question:
Pay-for-performance is a trend for teachers. Some people agree that it is an incentive for teachers to
link students' achievements to teachers' salaries, while others disagree. What is your opinion about
paying teachers according to students' achievement? Give your reasons.
(APEUni Website / App WE #365)

10. Workplace Exercise (Explanation)


Question:
Exercise is essential for health, and exercise in the workplace makes employees less absent from work.
All employers should provide exercise facilities in the workplace. What is your opinion? Support your
opinion with personal examples.
(APEUni Website / App WE #327)

11. Travel for Education (Explanation)


Question:
Some believe the value of travel is overrated. Some brilliant scholars know things across the world
without travel. People argue whether travel is or not a necessary part of education. To what extent do
you agree with it?
(APEUni Website / App WE #261)

12. Globalization (Explanation)


Question:
Globalization is important. What is your opinion? Give your reasons.
(APEUni Website / App WE #196)

13. Foreign Languages (Explanation)


Question:
While artificial intelligence becomes so advanced, people can use computers to translate foreign
languages. That makes learning a foreign language unnecessary. To what extent do you agree with it?
(APEUni Website / App WE #184)

14. City or Countryside (Explanation)


Question:
Some people prefer to live in cities, while some people prefer to live in the countryside. Which is better
for you? Give your reasons or experience.
(APEUni Website / App WE #183)

15. Over-competitive (Explanation)


Question:
What are the advantages and the disadvantages of being over-competitive to individuals and society?
(APEUni Website / App WE #167)

16. Wage Cap (Explanation)


Question:
Some people say there should be a maximum wage for high-paying jobs. Do you support that?Can you
give your point of view or your own experience?
(APEUni Website / App WE #174)

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17. Harder Life (Explanation)


Question:
It is harder for children living in the 21st century than in the past. How far do you agree with this
statement? Give your opinions.
(APEUni Website / App WE #173)

18. Old or Modern Buildings (Explanation)


Question:
More and more countries spend large amounts of money on the restoration of historic buildings instead
of on modern housing. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this analysis? What are advantages
and disadvantages of this? Support your writing with your experience or examples.
(APEUni Website / App WE #171)

19. Compulsory Learning (Explanation)


Question:
Some people think learning a foreign language at school should be compulsory. Do you agree with it?
Use your experience or examples to support your viewpoint.
(APEUni Website / App WE #170)

20. Working Women (Explanation)


Question:
More and more women are managing to combine raising a family and following a career. Some people
believe this is a challenge for women. Please give your suggestions about this challenge on a personal
level and a national level.
(APEUni Website / App WE #169)

21. Short Weeks (Explanation)


Question:
Unemployment among young people is a serious problem.One solution has been suggested is to shorten
the working week. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages? Do you think this policy
should apply to just young workers or the whole workforce?
(APEUni Website / App WE #166)

22. Celebrities' Privacy (Explanation)


Question:
People who are famous entertainers or sportspeople should give up the right to privacy as this is the
price of fame. To what extent do you agree/disagree with this point of view? Give your opinion with your
experiences.
(APEUni Website / App WE #163)

23. Less Work Hours (Explanation)


Question:
“In the future, people will work fewer hours at their jobs than they do now.” To what extent do you agree
with it? Please support your opinion with your own experience.
(APEUni Website / App WE #162)

24. Television (Explanation)


Question:

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Television serves many useful functions. It helps people to relax. Besides, it can also be seen as a
companion for lonely people. To what extent do you agree with this? Explain why with your own
experience.
(APEUni Website / App WE #160)

25. Inventions (Explanation)


Question:
In our technological world, the number of new inventions has been evolving on a daily basis. Please
describe a new invention and determine whether it brings beneficial or detrimental impact to society.
(APEUni Website / App WE #159)

26. Dangerous Activities (Explanation)


Question:
Nowadays, more and more people engage in dangerous activities, such as skydiving, skiing and extreme
motorcycling. Are you in favor of such activities or not? Why?
(APEUni Website / App WE #158)

27. Environmental Influence (Explanation)


Question:
Nowadays, people believe that the environment influences their accomplishments. Some people think
their success and accomplishment were influenced by the places where they grew up. Do you think the
environment does or does not affect people’s accomplishment and how it affects? Please give an
example of a famous person to support your statement.
(APEUni Website / App WE #157)

28. Tourism's Pros and Cons (Explanation)


Question:
For less developed countries, the disadvantages of tourism are as great as the advantages. What is your
opinion?
(APEUni Website / App WE #156)

29. Law Effect (Explanation)


Question:
Some people think human behavior can be changed by laws, while others think laws have little effect.
What is your opinion?
(APEUni Website / App WE #149)

30. Marketing in Companies (Explanation)


Question:
Should marketing in companies which produce consumer goods, like food and clothing, place emphasis
on reputation of the company or short-term strategies like the discounts and special offers? Why?
(APEUni Website / App WE #195)

31. Studying Climate Change (Explanation)


Question:
Imagine you have been assigned on the study of climate change. Which area of climate change will you
choose and why? Use examples.
(APEUni Website / App WE #155)

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32. Common Exams (Explanation)


Question:
Exams are commonly used in most schools and universities. Some people think exams should be
replaced by other forms of assessment. Do you agree or disagree?
(APEUni Website / App WE #148)

33. Wealthy Nations (Explanation)


Question:
Wealthy nations are required to share their wealth among poorer countries. What is your opinion?
(APEUni Website / App WE #136)

34. Studying Abroad (Explanation)


Question:
It is often argued that studying overseas is overrated. There are many scholars who study locally. To
what extent do you agree with this?
(APEUni Website / App WE #124)

35. Pressing Problem (Explanation)


Question:
There are many global problems. What is the most pressing problem? What solutions would you suggest?
(APEUni Website / App WE #161)

36. Arts or Technology Research (Explanation)


Question:
Governments should not put too much attention on arts, such as theaters. Instead, they should allocate
more funds to areas of concern, such as the technology research. Do you agree with this opinion or not?
Use your own experience to support your idea.
(APEUni Website / App WE #132)

37. Concentration (Explanation)


Question:
Some people argue that young people should concentrate on study or work, but some people think it is
better to put energy in activities designed to broaden their experience, such as international travel and
volunteering. Discuss with examples or cases.
(APEUni Website / App WE #113)

38. Distraction (Explanation)


Question:
Effective study requires time, comfort and peace. it is impossible to combine learning with employment
because one may distract the other. To what extent do you think the statements are realistic? Give your
opinion with examples.
(APEUni Website / App WE #106)

39. Life Experience (Explanation)


Question:
Experience is the best teacher. Some people think life experiences teach people more effectively than
books or formal education can. How far do you agree with this statement? Give your reason or provide
your personal experience.

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(APEUni Website / App WE #102)

40. Credit Cards (Explanation)


Question:
In a cashless society, people use more credit cards instead of cash. Cashless society seems to be a
reality. How realistic do you think it might be? What are the benefits or problems of this phenomenon?
(APEUni Website / App WE #95)

41. Journalist (Explanation)


Question:
Being a journalist is one of the most difficult jobs in the world. To what extent, you agree with it?
(APEUni Website / App WE #93)

42. Age Limit (Explanation)


Question:
Age restrictions can be seen everywhere. It is believed that people should not do things until they reach
the right ages, such as marriage and driving. Select one activity and state the minimum age that you
think. Support with your own experiences.
(APEUni Website / App WE #90)

43. Tourism (Explanation)


Question:
Tourism is good for some less developed countries, but also has some disadvantages. Discuss.
(APEUni Website / App WE #79)

44. Digital Materials (Explanation)


Question:
With the increase of digital information available online, the role of the library has become obsolete.
Therefore universities should only procure digital materials rather than constantly update textbooks.
Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your own point of view.
(APEUni Website / App WE #86)

45. Building Effects (Explanation)


Question:
Do you think the design of buildings affects positively or negatively where people live and work?
(APEUni Website / App WE #72)

46. Teenagers (Explanation)


Question:
Teenagers should receive lessons on principles of personal finance, such as investing and debt. To what
extent do you agree with this statement?
(APEUni Website / App WE #70)

47. Experiential Learning (Explanation)


Question:
Some people point that experiential learning (i.e. learning by doing it) can work well in formal education.
However, others think a traditional form of teaching is the best. Do you think experiential learning can
work well in high schools or colleges?

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(APEUni Website / App WE #56)

48. Television (Explanation)


Question:
Nowadays television has become an essential part of life. It is a medium for disseminating news and
information, and for some it acts as a companion. What is your opinion about this?
(APEUni Website / App WE #38)

49. Emigration (Explanation)


Question:
Many people choose to emigrate to other countries. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
living in a foreign country? Discuss with your own experience.
(APEUni Website / App WE #33)

50. Extreme Sports (Explanation)


Question:
In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of extreme or adventure sports?
(APEUni Website / App WE #23)

51. Formal Written Examination (Explanation)


Question:
Many education systems assess students using formal written examinations. Those kinds of exams are a
valid method. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give examples with your own experience.
(APEUni Website / App WE #17)

52. Personal Life (Explanation)


Question:
Nowadays, work leaves little time to people's personal life. How widespread do you think it is? How can
we solve the problems caused by the shortage of time?
(APEUni Website / App WE #40)

53. Senior Executives (Explanation)


Question:
Employers involve workers in decision making process about products and services. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of such a policy?
(APEUni Website / App WE #46)

54. Facing Issues (Explanation)


Question:
The world's governments and organizations confront a multitude of global problems. Which do you think
is the most pressing problem for the inhabitants of our planet and give the solution?
(APEUni Website / App WE #76)

55. Getting Married (Explanation)


Question:
It is argued that getting married before finishing studying or getting established in a good job is foolish.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
(APEUni Website / App WE #27)

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56. Digital Age (Explanation)


Question:
Some people claim that the digital age has made us lazier, while others claim it has made us more
knowledgeable. Discuss both opinions, and use examples to support them.
(APEUni Website / App WE #53)

57. Global Issue (Explanation)


Question:
Climate change is a concerning global issue, and many people hold a negative attitude towards it. Who
should take the main action to solve this problem, governments, big companies or individuals?
(APEUni Website / App WE #9)

58. Transportation Networks (Explanation)


Question:
As cities expand, governments should look forward to creating better networks of public transport
available for everyone rather than building more roads for vehicle owning population. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?
(APEUni Website / App WE #5)

59. Personal Life (Explanation)


Question:
Nowadays, people devote too much time to their job. This leaves very little time for their personal life.
How widespread is the problem? What problem will this shortage of time cause?
(APEUni Website / App WE #75)

60. Information Revolution (Explanation)


Question:
The information revolution brought about by modern mass communications has both positive and
negative consequences for individuals and society. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Give the reason with your own experience.
(APEUni Website / App WE #24)

61. Extending Life Expectancy (Explanation)


Question:
Medical technology is responsible for increasing the average life expectancy. Do you think it is a blessing
or a curse?
(APEUni Website / App WE #71)

62. Shopping Malls (Explanation)


Question:
In many towns and cities, large shopping malls are replacing small local shops. Do you think this is a
positive development? Give your reasons and examples.
(APEUni Website / App WE #30)

63. Birth Rate (Explanation)


Question:
In many countries, the birth rates are lowing, and the problems of ageing population are serious. What
are the causes and the effects of this phenomenon? what should we do to address these issues?

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(APEUni Website / App WE #19)

64. Reputation or Short Term Strategies (Explanation)


Question:
Should marketing for consumer goods companies like clothing and food emphasize reputation or short-
term strategies like discounts and special offers?
(APEUni Website / App WE #48)

65. Mark Deduction (Explanation)


Question:
Some universities deduct marks from students' work if it is given in late. What is your opinion? Suggest
some alternative actions.
(APEUni Website / App WE #63)

66. Legal Responsibility (Explanation)


Question:
Should parents be held legally responsible for the actions of their children? Support your opinion with
personal examples.
(APEUni Website / App WE #43)

67. Right Balance (Explanation)


Question:
Nowadays, it is increasingly more difficult to maintain the right balance between work and the other
aspects of one’s life, such as leisure pursuits with family members. How important do you think this
balance is? What are the reasons that make some people think that this is hard to achieve?
(APEUni Website / App WE #39)

68. Mass Media (Explanation)


Question:
The mass media, such as TV, radio and newspapers, have an influence on people, particularly on younger
generations. It plays a pivotal role in shaping the opinions of people, especially teenagers and young
people. To what extent do you agree with this? Please give examples.
(APEUni Website / App WE #35)

69. Studying Theater (Explanation)


Question:
There are both problems and benefits for high school students to study plays and other works for
theater that were written centuries ago. Use your own experience to discuss it.
(APEUni Website / App WE #77)

70. Inventions (Explanation)


Question:
In the past 100 years, there have been many inventions such as antibiotics, airplanes and computers.
What do you think is the most important one? Why?
(APEUni Website / App WE #22)

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C. Reading
Fill in the Blanks (Reading & Writing)
1. Forest and Climate (Incomplete)
Points: Forest plays a crucial role in climate change. Blanks: primarily, promoting, increasing, equivalent
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #927)

2. Blind Behavior (Incomplete)


Points: Blind ... is defined as a kind of behavior in a law: even if you do not know or fully understand
something illegal, you will still be punished because you have done it- The evolution of the judgement is
introduced. Money laundering and drug trafficking are mentioned.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #926)

3. Indian Daughters (Incomplete)


Points: An Indian man had two daughters. One went to Germany, and the other became a professor.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #925)

4. To Quit Smoking (Incomplete)


Points: Health professionals will give others suggestions on how to quit smoking, but they won't do as
they advocate.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #924)

5. Penicillin (Incomplete)
Points: The initial use of penicillin is mentioned. ... infection ... prevention ... Drug resistance has
occurred. But it is all right because more other types of medicine have been invented.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #54)

6. Rainforest (Incomplete)
Points: In the rainforest, there (can have / have) more than two hundred species well (known / knowing
/ know / knew) to people. ... (con ... / com ...) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #923)

7. Recruitment Tool (Explanation)


The six programs represented here report that word of mouth is by far their most effective recruitment
tool, particularly because it typically yields candidates who are similar to previously successful
candidates. Moreover, satisfied candidates and school systems are likely to spread the word without any
special effort on the part of their program. Other, less personal advertising approaches, such as radio
and television spots and local newspaper advertisements, have also proven fruitful, especially for newer
programs. New York uses a print advertising campaign to inspire dissatisfied professionals to become
teachers. Subway posters send provocative messages to burned-out or disillusioned professionals.
"Tired of diminishing returns? Invest in NYC kids" was just one of many Madison Avenue-inspired
invitations. News coverage has also proven to be a boon to alternative programs. When the New York
Times, for example, ran a story about the district's alternative route program, 2,100 applications flooded
in over the next six weeks.

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Options:
1) spread, deepen, unfold, splay
2) effect, errand, effort, emotion
3) rarely, totally, especially, likely
4) telling, warning, messages, stories
5) facet, charge, boon, burden
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #920)

8. Bonus of Dendrochronology (Explanation)


A bonus of dendrochronology is that the width and substructure of each ring reflect the amount of rain
and the season at which the rain fell during that particular year. Thus, tree ring studies also allow one to
reconstruct past climate; e.g., a series of wide rings means a wet period, and a series of narrow rings
means a drought .

Options:
1) covet, reflect, register, copy
2) timing, duration, division, season
3) then, before, past, pass
4) seam, serious, serial, series
5) drought, hardness, humidity, strength
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #904)

9. New Material (Incomplete)


Points: About the cooperation between a scientific research institute and Samsung. ... new (result /
method / conclusion) was published in academic periodicals. ... academic and industrial (researchers /
people / areas) ... the method that has been studied for years ... The new material can lower costs in
production. ... (whereby / whereas / wherever) the performance of the material ... The material is
(comparable / preferable / compatible) with ... industrial product.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #902)

10. Water Consumption (Incomplete)


Points: A short passage about water consumption with three, or four blanks. The growing population
makes the city's water (pollution / consumption). We should improve water resource's (efficiency). In rich
countries, water consumption has gradually been slowed down by increased prices and the use of
modern technologies and recycling.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #901)

11. Environmental Policy (Explanation)


Thus the environmental policy does not contribute to the profitability in any real sense at all. In practice
it is companies that are well organized and efficient, or that are already comfortably profitable, that have
time to establish and police environmental policies. However, if profitable companies are the ones most
likely to establish 'environmental best practice ' this is confusing cause with effect. It is not that
environmental best practice causes profitability, but that being profitable allows for concern for the
environment.

Options:
1) cater, enlist, enrol, establish
2) practice, vocation, code, revision
3) concern, level, effect, bother

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(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #898)

12. Clinical Trials (Incomplete)


Points: Clinical trials are a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their
effects on human health outcomes. People volunteer to take part in clinical trials to test medical
interventions. Clinical trials are carefully designed, reviewed and completed, and need to be approved
before they can start.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #897)

13. Korean Students (Incomplete)


Points: A survey about Korean students using media. Some people use it to keep touch with the family
and cultivate relationships with friends. Some Korean students study (during / by / while / about)
oversea programs … they think using media spends too much time, (and / as well as / because / ... ) ...
They use media just (gathering) information ... (focus on) ... study.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #894)

14. Financial Crisis (Explanation)


Since the beginning of the financial crisis, there have been two principal explanations for why so many
banks made such disastrous decisions. The first is structural. Regulators did not regulate. Institutions
failed to function as they should. Rules and guidelines were either inadequate or ignored. The second
explanation is that Wall Street was incompetent , that the traders and investors didn't know enough, that
they made extravagant bets without understanding the consequences.

Options:
1) explanations, debates, excuses, examples
2) function, use, stabilize, maintain
3) rough, rampant, incompetent, irresponsible
4) counting, understanding, correcting, valuing
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #892)

15. Crime Prevention (Explanation)


Crime prevention has a long history in Australia, and in other parts of the world. In all societies, people
have tried to protect themselves and those close to them from assaults and other abuses. Every time
someone locks the door to their house or their car, they practice a form of prevention. Most parents
want their children to learn to be law abiding and not spend extended periods of their lives in prison. In
this country, at least, most succeed . Only a small minority of young people become recidivist offenders.
In a functioning society, crime prevention is part of everyday life. While prevention can be all-pervasive
at the grassroots, it is oddly neglected in mass media and political discourses. When politicians, talkback
radio hosts and newspaper editorialists pontificate about crime and possible remedies, it is
comparatively rare for them to mention prevention. Overwhelmingly, emphasis is on policing, sentencing
and other 'law and order' responses.

Options:
1) promote, respect, protect, enhance
2) part of, a form of, relation to, addition to
3) success, has succeeded, succeed, succeeded
4) which, it, what, as
5) default, possible, articulate, absolute
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #891)

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16. International Trade (Explanation)


International trade allows countries to expand their markets and access goods and services
that otherwise may not have been available domestically. As a result of international trade, the market is
more efficient. This ultimately leads to more competitive pricing and brings cheaper products to
consumers.

Options:
1) either, thus, otherwise, likely
2) result, prelude, degree, delegation
3) cheaper, newer, all, novel
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #888)

17. Pinker (Explanation)


Steven Pinker, a cognitive psychologist best known for his book "The Language Instinct", has
called music "auditory cheesecake, an exquisite confection crafted to tickle the sensitive spots of at
least six of our mental faculties." If it vanished from our species, he said, "the rest of our lifestyle would
be virtually unchanged." Others have argued that, on the contrary , music, along with art and literature, is
part of what makes people human; its absence would have a brutalizing effect. Philip Ball, a British
science writer and an avid music enthusiast, comes down somewhere in the middle. He says that music
is ingrained in our auditory, cognitive and motor functions. We have a music instinct as much as a
language instinct, and could not rid ourselves of it if we tried.

Options:
1) have called, calling, call, has called
2) rarely, cynically, nearing, virtually
3) end, contrary, whole, top
4) pretentious, presumptuous, ambitious, avid
5) enacted, installed, empowered, ingrained
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #887)

18. Plains Indians (Explanation)


"The Plains Indians were people who did not like to live in one place. They liked to travel around and
moved camps at least three times a year. For this reason they lived in tepees. These were like big tents
and were easy to put up and take down. These tepees were transported by horses." "Inside the tepee
you would find all the items that people needed to live with. The Plains Indians would decorate the
insides with pictures, and store their weapons and food. The Indians would also have a fire in the
middle of the tepee to cook the food. The Sioux people used to put buffalo skins on the floor to use as
carpets. You would also find their beds." "In the Indian camp everyone had a job to do. The men had to
hunt for food, and keep the families safe. The women had to cook all the meals, make the clothes,
look after the children and whenever the camp moved they had to take down and put up the tepees."

Options:
1) at least, fewer than, at most, less than
2) both, alike, like, otherwise
3) On the top, In spite, in the middle, in terms
4) have used to, use to, used to, using to
5) at, up, after, around
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #886)

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19. Graphene (Explanation)


Fascination with this material stems from its remarkable physical properties and the potential
applications these properties offer for the future. Although scientists knew one atom thick, two-
dimensional crystal graphene existed, no-one had worked out how to extract it from graphite. That was
until it was isolated in 2004 by two researchers at The University of Manchester, Professor Andre Geim
and Professor Kostya Novoselov. This is the story of how that stunning scientific feat came about and
why Andre and Kostya won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering work. Andre and Kostya
frequently held 'Friday night experiments' - sessions where they would try out experimental science that
wasn’t necessarily linked to their day jobs.

Options:
1) Since, Unless, However, Although
2) had worked, works, working, work
3) necessarily, fully, solely, indirectly
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #884)

20. Cultural Fusion (Incomplete)


Points: ... the cultural fusion between Slav and Byzantium ... (alienation) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #882)

21. Dag Hammarskjold Library (Explanation)


The Dag Hammarskjold Library at United Nations Headquarters in New York is a library designated to
facilitate the work of the United Nations and focuses mainly on the needs of the UN Secretariat and
diplomatic missions. Anyone with a valid United Nations Headquarters grounds pass , including
specialized agencies, accredited media and NGO staff, is able to visit the library. Due
to security constraints in place at the United Nations Headquarters complex, the library is not open to
the general public .

Options:
1) falls, depends, focuses, pelts
2) pass, cover, deposit, brochure
3) security, economic, scale, health
4) view, aim, public, category
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #881)

22. Coral Reefs (Explanation)


Coral reefs support more marine life than any other ocean ecosystem and are, not surprisingly , a
favorite pursuit for many divers. But as well as being physically and biologically spectacular, coral reefs
also sustain the livelihoods of over half a billion people. What is more, this number is expected
to double in coming decades while the area of high-quality reef is expected to halve. In combination with
the very real threat of climate change, which could lead to increased seawater temperatures and ocean
acidification , we start to arrive at some quite frightening scenarios.

Options:
1) curb, harvest, support, cultivate
2) seemingly, specifically, demandingly, surprisingly
3) appear, double, countdown, unravel
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #880)

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23. Dinosaurs (Explanation)


What killed off the dinosaurs? The end of the Cretaceous Period saw one of the most dramatic mass
extinctions the Earth has ever seen. The fossil record shows that throughout their 160-million-
year existence , dinosaurs took on a huge variety of forms as the environment changed and new species
evolved that were suited to these new conditions. Others that failed to adapt went extinct. But then 66
million years ago, over a relatively short time, dinosaurs disappeared completely (except for birds). Many
other animals also died out, including pterosaurs, large marine reptiles, and other sea creatures such as
ammonites. Although the number of dinosaur species was already declining, this suggests a sudden
catastrophic event sealed their fate, causing unfavorable changes to the environment more quickly than
dinosaurs and other creatures could adapt. The exact nature of this catastrophic event is still open to
scientific debate. The catastrophe could have been an asteroid impact, volcanic eruptions or the effect
of both, together with more gradual changes in the Earth's climate over millions of years. Whatever the
causes, the huge extinction that ended the age of the dinosaur left gaps in the ecosystem that were
subsequently filled by mammals and birds, allowing them to evolve rapidly.

Options:
1) existence, continuous, extent, expectation
2) went, to go, going, go
3) partially, gradually, completely, excessively
4) However, Because, Although, Unless
5) relative, open, additional, focused
6) irregular, gradual, spiritual, positive
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #878)

24. Shakespeare (Explanation)


There has been a great variety of critical approach to Shakespeare's work since his death. During the
17th and 18th century, Shakespeare was both admired and condemned. Since then, much of the adverse
criticism has not been considered relevant, although certain issues have continued to interest critics
throughout the years. For instance, charges against his moral propriety were made by Samuel Johnson in
the 18th century and by George Bernard Shaw in the 20th. Early criticism was directed primarily at
questions of form. Shakespeare was criticized for mixing comedy and tragedy and failing to observe the
unities of time and place prescribed by the rules of classical drama. Dryden and Johnson were among
the critics claiming that he had corrupted the language with false wit, puns, and ambiguity. While some
of his early plays might justly be charged with a frivolous use of such devices, 20th-century criticism has
tended to praise their use in later plays as adding depth and resonance of meaning.

Options:
1) to, or, and, with
2) not being, should have not been, has not been, was not
3) consecutively, primarily, hardly, solely
4) subscribed, documented, described, prescribed
5) versed, referred, transverse, corrupted
6) Since, Because, That, While
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #877)

25. World Map of Happiness (Explanation)


Bhutan used to be one of the most isolated nations in the world. Developments including direct
international flights, the Internet, mobile phone networks, and cable television
have increasingly modernized the urban areas of the country. Bhutan has balanced modernization with

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its ancient culture and traditions under the guiding philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH).
Rampant destruction of the environment has been avoided. The government takes great measures to
preserve the nation's traditional culture, identity and the environment. In 2006, Business Week magazine
rated Bhutan the happiest country in Asia and the eighth-happiest in the world, citing a global survey
conducted by the University of Leicester in 2006 called the "World Map of Happiness".

Options:
1) spontaneously, increasingly, contemporarily, mechanically
2) juggled, opted, balanced, altered
3) destruction, embodiment, vanity, execution
4) pride, measures, effects, allowance
5) submitting, citing, reviewing, proving
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #876)

26. Lens (Incomplete)


Points: Lens ... iris and tulip ... like a camera .... The lens (adjusts) its shape to bend and focus the light a
second time, to ensure that you have a clear image of what you are looking at ... From short ... (far) away
... Lens is consists of water and protein ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #875)

27. Spanish (Explanation)


Spanish is spoken by more than 300 million people in over 20 countries and is rapidly becoming one of
the most popular choices for language learners around the world. A popular course for beginners,
Suenos World Spanish is designed to meet the varied needs of adult learners, whether learning at home
or in a class. From the very beginning it encourages you to develop your listening and speaking skills
with confidence and provides many opportunities to practice reading in Spanish. Using the
extensive range of media available, from the course book to the audio CDs or cassettes, to the popular
accompanying television series and free online activities , Suenos World Spanish can help you reach the
equivalent level of a first qualification, such as GCSE.

Options:
1) commodities, choices, records, improvements
2) record, meet, choose, satisfies
3) as, whether, nor, not
4) applies, provides, encroaches, initiates
5) series, range, rate, wisdom
6) actions, activities, breaches, binge
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #874)

28. Migration (Incomplete)


Points: If migrating to warmer areas for winter, there are more (opportunities / materials) for feeding ...
major (cause) of ... (restore / sustain) little food ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #873)

29. Important Corollary (Explanation)


An important corollary of this focus on language as the window to legal epistemology is the central role
of discourse to law and other sociocultural processes. In particular, the ideas that people hold about how
language works combine with linguistic structuring to create powerful, often unconscious effects. In
recent years, linguistic anthropologists have made much progress in developing more precisely analytic

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tools for tracking those effects.

Options:
1) discourse, epoch, dialect, acquaintance
2) deviation, besmirch, consent, ideas
3) mandatory, linguistic, legitimate, customary
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #871)

30. Roommates (Incomplete)


Points: About roommates. ... (share / take) responsibility ... ... (worth / worthy / worthwhile) it ... ...
(divide) bills ... ... (determine) the most important (factors / characteristics) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #870)

31. Alcohol Consumption (Incomplete)


Points: ... economic (payment \ spend \ cost) of alcohol consumption by employees and ... economic
(impact).
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #863)

32. Light Pollution (Explanation)


The widespread use of artificial light in modern societies means that light pollution is an increasingly
common feature of the environments humans inhabit. This type of pollution is exceptionally high in
coastal regions of tropic and temperate zones, as these are areas of high rates of human population
growth and settlement. Light pollution is a threat for many species that inhabit these locations,
particularly those whose ecology or behavior depends, in some way , on natural cycles of light and dark.
Artificial light is known to have detrimental effects on the ecology of sea turtles, particularly at the
hatchling stage when they emerge from nests on natal beaches and head towards the sea. Under natural
conditions, turtles hatch predominantly at night (although some early morning and late afternoon
emergence occurs) and show an innate and well-directed orientation to the water, relying mostly on light
cues that attract them toward the brighter horizon above the sea surface. Artificial lighting on beaches is
strongly attractive to hatchlings and can cause them to move away from the sea and interfere with their
ability to orient in a constant direction. Ultimately, this disorientation due to light pollution can lead to
death of hatchlings from exhaustion, dehydration and predation.

Options:
1) exceptionally, absolutely, completely, rarely
2) in no way, in some way, by the way, in some ways
3) imposing, figuring, relying, pouring
4) them to move, it to move, which to move, that to move
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #869)

33. Novelist (Incomplete)


Points: A novelist wrote a novel, ... (translated) into French and other languages, ... (fame) go down ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #868)

34. Video Game (Incomplete)


Points: IBM arranged a video game match between a super computer and human gamers. The fact that
the computer has (fought / challenged / competed against / ... ) on humans make people worry if
scientific technologies would threaten us. But the computer can just perform programs set by us. Even
machine-learning has not (still / yet) deduced well ...

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(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #867)

35. Kathryn Mewes (Explanation)


Kathryn Mewes does not meet bohemian, hippy parents in her line of work. Typically one, or both, of the
parents she sees work in the City of London. "Professionals seek professionals," she says. Originally a
nanny, Mewes is now a parenting consultant, advising couples privately on changing their child's
behavior, as well as doing corporate seminars for working parents. Her clients find they are unprepared
for the chaos and unpredictability that having a child can entail. "Parents are getting older, they have
been in control their whole lives and been successful. Suddenly a baby turns up and life turns on its
head." Nicknamed the "Three-Day Nanny" because of her pledge to fix behavioral problems in children
under the age of 12 within three days, she is filming a new Channel 4 television series demonstrating her
techniques. The role of the parenting consultant — distinct from that of a nanny — has developed, she
says, as people are used to buying in expertise, such as personal trainers or, in her case, parenting
advice.

Options:
1) as long as, in order to, in spite of, as well as
2) whole, all, full, every
3) related with, together with, because of, according to
4) percentage, performance, role, belief
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #866)

36. Bhutan (Explanation)


Bhutan is the last standing Buddhist Kingdom in the World and, until recently, has preserved
much of their culture since the 17th century by avoiding globalization and staying isolated from the
world. Internet, television, and western dress were banned from the country up until ten years ago. But
over the past ten years globalization has begun to change in Bhutan, but things remain perfectly
balanced. Bhutan is the only country in the world that has a 'GNH.' You may think GNH is just
another statistically based term with no real-life application, but it refers to "Gross National Happiness."
The process of measuring GNH began when Bhutan opened to globalization. It measures people's quality
of life, and makes sure that "material and spiritual development happen together." Bhutan has done an
amazing Job of finding this balance. Bhutan has continually been ranked as the happiest country in all of
Asia, and the eighth Happiest Country in the world according to Business Week. In 2007 Bhutan had the
second fastest growing GDP in the world, at the same time as maintaining their environment and cultural
identity.

Options:
1) of, about, to, for
2) summoned, observed, displayed, banned
3) statistically, barely, overwhelmingly, roughly
4) demeaning, intruding, maintaining, mourning
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #864)

37. Dance (Explanation)


Dance has played an important role in many musicals. In some cases , dance numbers are included as an
excuse to add to the color and spectacle of the show, but dance is more effective when it forms an
integral part of the plot . An early example is Richard Rodgers On Your Toes(1936) in which the story
about classical ballet meeting the world of jazz enabled dance to be introduced in a way that enhances ,
rather than interrupts the drama.

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Options:
1) dimensions, cases, brief, extent
2) prowess, plot, phenomenon, roundabout
3) encumbers, enhances, levels, crumples
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #862)

38. Teenage Daughter (Explanation)


Your teenage daughter gets top marks in school, captains the debate team, and volunteers at a shelter
for homeless people. But while driving the family car, she text-messages her best friend and rear-ends
another vehicle. How can teens be so clever, accomplished, and responsible-and reckless at the same
time ? Easily, according to two physicians at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School
(HMS) who have been exploring the unique structure and chemistry of the adolescent brain ."The
teenage brain is not just an adult brain with fewer miles on it," says Frances E. Jensen, a professor of
neurology. "It's a paradoxical time of development . These are people with very sharp brains, but they're
not quite sure what to do with them." Research during the past 10 years, powered by technology such as
functional magnetic resonance imaging, has revealed that young brains have both fast-growing synapses
and sections that remain unconnected. This leaves teens easily influenced by their environment and more
prone to impulsive behavior, even without the impact of souped-up hormones and any genetic or family
predispositions.

Options:
1) for the time being, at the same time, as ever, in good time
2) exposing, exploring, enumerating, explaining
3) ample, adult, adulthood, abundant
4) enrichment, development, adulthood, adoration
5) both, few, whole, either
6) impact, impress, impair, impose
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #861)

39. Digital Media (Explanation)


Digital media and the internet have made the sharing of texts, music and images easier than ever, and
the enforcement of copyright restriction harder. This situation has encouraged the growth of IP law,
and prompted increased industrial concentration on extending and 'policing' IP protection, while also
leading to the growth of an 'open access', or 'creative commons' movement which challenges such
control of knowledge and creativity .

Options:
1) detriment, solstice, enforcement, commissary
2) straggled, prompted, equated, grappled
3) challenges, hankered, allows, compelled
4) comparison, penmanship, quotient, creativity
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #514)

40. Sound Speed (Explanation)


The speed of sound (otherwise known as Mach 1) varies with temperature. At sea level on a 'standard
day', the temperature is 59°F, and Mach 1 is approximately 761 mph. As the altitude increases, the
temperature and speed of sound both decrease until about 36,000 feet, after which the
temperature remains steady until about 60,000 feet. Within that 36,000 – 60,000 foot range, Mach 1 is
about 661 mph. Because of the variation , it is possible for an airplane flying supersonic at high altitude

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to be slower than a subsonic flight at sea level. The transonic band (the 'sound barrier')
extends from around Mach 0.8 — when the first supersonic shock waves form on the wing — to Mach
1.2, when the entire wing has gone supersonic.

Options:
1) not, yet, none, both
2) opposes, remains, plots, mutates
3) variety, variation, ventilation, similarity
4) near, from, with, in
5) diverge from, add to, prevent from, form on
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #444)

41. Panic-striken Climate (Explanation)


First, the scientific community that studies climate change is quietly panic-stricken, because things are
moving much faster than they expected. Greenhouse gas emissions are going up faster
than predicted both from industrializing countries in Asia and from melting permafrost in Siberia and
Canada. The Arctic Sea ice is melting so fast that the whole ocean may be ice-free in late summer in
five years' time. Most climate scientists now see last year's report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, whose forecasts are used by most governments for planning purposes, as
a purely historical document. Second, the biggest early impact of global warming will be on the food
supply, both locally and globally. When the global average temperature hits one and a half degrees hotter
- and it will; the carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere commits us to that much warming - some
countries will no longer be able to feed their people. Others, further from the equator, will still have
enough food for themselves, but none to spare .

Options:
1) few, same, much, most
2) anticipation, predictability, predicted, predicts
3) purely, evenly, disproportionately, firmly
4) commits, directs, allows, addresses
5) spare, dispense, apply, consume
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #438)

42. Digitalization (Explanation)


As digitalization and smart automation progress, many will see their jobs altered. Advances in automation
technologies will mean that people will increasingly work side by side with robots, smart automation and
artificial intelligence. Businesses will look for employees who are good at the tasks that smart
automation struggles to do and that add value to the use of smart automation. In the past, technological
progress has had a positive impact on our society, increasing labour productivity, wages and prosperity.
Right now, a new technological wave of digitalization and smart automation — combinations of artificial
intelligence, robotics and other technologies — is fundamentally transforming the way we work, at an
unprecedented pace. For example , data analytics, the Internet of Things and drones are already used in
many industries to make production processes better, faster, and cheaper. We already see shifts in the
structure of employment: in industries, tasks, educational levels and skills.

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Options:
1) increase, increasingly, increasing, increased
2) struggled, struggling, struggles, used to struggle
3) combinations, combines, combining, combine
4) Instead, Of course, No wonder, For example
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #432)

43. Tokyo Skytree (Explanation)


Team Lab's digital mural at the entrance to Tokyo’s Skytree, one of the world’s monster skyscrapers, is
40 meters long and immensely detailed. However massive this form of digital art becomes — and it's a
form subject to rampant inflation — Inoko's theories about seeing are based on more modest and often
pre-digital sources. An early devotee of comic books and cartoons (no surprises there), then computer
games, he recognized when he started to look at traditional Japanese art that all those forms had
something in common : something about the way they captured space. In his discipline of physics, Inoko
had been taught that photographic lenses, along with the conventions of western art, were the logical
way of transforming three dimensions into two, conveying the real world onto a flat
surface. But Japanese traditions employed 'a different spatial logic', as he said in an interview last year
with j-collabo.org, that is 'uniquely Japanese'.

Options:
1) However, Whereas, Whichever, Wherever
2) subject to, related with, apart from, based on
3) in fact, as whole, in common, in the same terms
4) apart from, further afield, along with, out of
5) Thus, So, Therefore, But
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #421)

44. Heart of Study


Turning now to the heart of the study, in two divisions an attempt was made to change the supervision
so that the decision levels were pushed down and detailed supervision of the workers reduced. More
general supervision of the clerks and their supervisors was introduced. In addition, the managers,
assistant managers, supervisors and assistant supervisors of these two divisions were trained in group
methods of leadership, which they endeavored to use as much as their skill would permit during the
experimental year. For easy reference, the experimental changes in these two divisions will be
labelled the ‘participative program’!

Options:
1) was made, making, made, makes
2) put off, turned over, set up, pushed down
3) fired, overlapped, trained, deduced
4) expanded, gathered, covered, endeavored
5) will be labelled, being labelled, have labelled, labelled
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #416)

45. (Incomplete)
Points: One sentence in the first half of the text has two blanks: ... the (module / make-up / mockup /
...) ... generic (information / ... ) ... ... disposition (decomposition?) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #410)

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46. Charles Dickens (Incomplete)


Points: About Charles Dickens. His memory about being a shoemaker was (written) in his novel ... …
was (sent / took / brought / given) to a "blacking factory … Someone whose name starts with 'O'
(describes/ will describe/ was described/is describing, was describing) as … … started career (for / in
/ of / at) journalist … An article was published in (editions / installments / resources / versions) of a
magazine … His childhood's impact on his writing style is also mentioned.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #409)

47. Giant Exoplanets (Explanation)


Giant exoplanets, like the so-called 'hot Jupiters' that are similar in characteristics to the solar system's
biggest planet and orbit very close to their host stars, are excellent targets for astronomers in their
search for their extrasolar worlds. The size and proximity of these planets is easy to detect as they
create a large decrease in brightness when passing in front of their parent stars.

Options:
1) borders, expressions, characteristics, shapes
2) frame, subordinate, planet, comet
3) members, astronomers, parties, makers
4) denounce, detect, deflect, determine
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #395)

48. Shrimp Farm (Explanation)


Over the past two decades around a third of the world’s mangrove swamps have been converted for
human use, with many turned into valuable shrimp farms. In 2007 an economic study of such shrimp
farms in Thailand showed that the commercial profits per hectare were $9,632. If that were the
only factor , conversion would seem an excellent idea. However, proper accounting shows that for each
hectare government subsidies formed $8,412 of this figure and there were costs, too: $1,000 for
pollution and $12,392 for losses to ecosystem services. These comprised damage to the supply of foods
and medicines that people had taken from the forest, the loss of habitats for fish, and less buffering
against storms. And because a given shrimp farm only stays productive for three or four years, there was
the additional cost of restoring them afterwards: if you do so with mangroves themselves, add another
$9,318 per hectare. The overall lesson is that what looks beneficial only does so because the profits are
retained by the private sector, while the problems are spread out across society at large, appearing on
no specific balance sheet.

Options:
1) rearranged, exchanged, conserved, converted
2) index, element, choice, factor
3) accounting, percentage, aggregation, division
4) comprised, uneven, neglected, augmented
5) productive, interactive, distinctive, collective
6) beneficial, immediate, moderate, modest
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #388)

49. Product Selling (Explanation)


Once an organization has its product to sell, it must then determine the appropriate price to sell it at.
The price is set by balancing many factors including supply-and-demand, cost, desired profit
competition, perceived value, and market behavior. Ultimately, the final price is determined by what the
market is willing to exchange for the product. Pricing theory can be quite complex because so many

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factors influence what the purchaser decides is a fair value . It also should be noted that, in addition to
monetary exchange, price can be the exchange of goods or services as in a barter agreement, or an
exchange of specific behavior, such as a vote in a political campaign.

Options:
1) tolerate, determine, fabricate, fancy
2) comparing, begetting, balancing, offsetting
3) consign, design, exchange, prepare
4) addition, shape, content, value
5) explained, enlarged, overrated, noted
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #386)

50. IQ Tests (Incomplete)


Points: About average IQ of children who learn music. Mozart ... there is a lack of scientific evidence
(test/tests/testing/tested) ... key (process/goal/...) ... child-six-year-old learned the lessons of music
and displayed IQ point 3.2 and ... (exhibited/taught/learned/... ) IQ point 7.1 ... People like heavy food that
are ... (lighter) food and people have (illusion/sight) the ... of and light drinks such as wine expresses by
scientists ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #371)

51. Internet Use


People are spending twice as much time online compared to 10 years ago, fueled by increasing use of
tablets and smartphones. The biggest increase has been among young adults, with time spent online
almost tripling from 10 hours and 24 minutes each week in 2005 to 27 hours and 36 minutes in 2014. In
total, the average adult spends more than 20 hours online a week, which includes time spent on the
internet at work. Meanwhile the average person spends 2.5 hours every week 'online while on the move'
- away from their home, work or place of study. This is a five-fold increase from 2005, when the figure
was just 30 minutes. Overall, the proportion of adults using the internet has risen by half - from six in
ten in 2005 to almost nine in ten today, according to Ofcom's Media Use and Attitudes 2015 report,
which questioned 1,890 adults aged 16 and over about their internet consumption habits.

Options:
1) within, along, between, among
2) However, Despite, Unless, Meanwhile
3) increase, magnitude, grid, space
4) according to, due to, thanks to, except for
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #300)

52. Good Looks in Votes (Explanation)


It is tempting to try to prove that good looks win votes, and many academics have tried. The difficulty is
that beauty is in the eye of the beholder , and you cannot behold a politician's face without a veil of
extraneous prejudice getting in the way. Does George Bush possess a disarming grin, or a
facetious smirk ? It's hard to find anyone who can look at the president without assessing him politically
as well as physically .

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Options:
1) principle, idea, difficulty, concept
2) people, beholder, builder, audience
3) smell, complexion, smirk, binge
4) culturally, physically, economically, individually
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #74)

53. Mini Helicopter (Explanation)


A mini helicopter modelled on flying tree seeds could soon be flying overhead. Evan Ulrich and
colleagues at the University of Maryland in College Park turned to the biological world for inspiration to
build a scaled-down helicopter that could mimic the properties of full-size aircraft. The
complex design of full-size helicopters gets less efficient when shrunk, meaning that standard mini
helicopters expend most of their power simply fighting to stay stable in the air. The researchers realized
that a simpler aircraft designed to stay stable passively would use much less power and reduce
manufacturing costs to boot. It turns out that nature had beaten them to it. The seeds of trees such as
the maple have a single-blade structure that allows them to fly far away and drift safely to the ground.
These seeds, known as samaras, need no engine to spin through the air, thanks to a process called
autorotation. By analyzing the behavior of the samara with high-speed cameras, Ulrich and his team
were able to copy its design.

Options:
1) turned to, turned for, turned in, turned off
2) overhaul, gauge, imagination, design
3) is beating, was beaten, had beaten, beaten
4) had allowed, allowed, allows, will allow
5) spin, fluctuate, drift, bob
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #70)

54. Intelligence Comparison (Explanation)


Comparing the intelligence of animals of different species is difficult, how do you compare a dolphin and
a horse? Psychologists have a technique for looking at intelligence that does not require the cooperation
of the animal involved. The relative size of an individual's brain is a reasonable indication of intelligence.
Comparing across species is not as simple as generally expected. An elephant will have a larger brain
than a human has simply because it is a large beast. Instead , we use the Cephalization index, which
compares the size of an animal's brain with the size of its body. Based on the Cephalization index, the
brightest animals on the planet are humans, followed by great apes, porpoises and elephants. As a
general rule , animals that hunt for a living (like canines) are smarter than strict vegetarians (you don't
need much intelligence to outsmart a leaf of lettuce). Animals that live in social groups are always
smarter and have larger EQ's than solitary animals.

Options:
1) can, do, did, does
2) across, to, through, with
3) Then, Instead, Because, Otherwise
4) followed, follows, follow, following
5) theory, principal, rule, principle
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #3)

55. Roman and Water (Explanation)

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Clean water was very important to the Romans. Cities, towns and forts were built near springs. However,
as Roman cities and towns grew, they needed to bring in water from further afield . As the population
grew, so did the need for clean water. Trying to shift large volumes of water underground in pipes was
not possible as lead pipes would be too weak and bronze pipes would be too expensive. The Romans
could not make cast iron pipes as the techniques for doing this were not known to them. If water could
not be brought via pipes, the Romans decided to bring it overland in what were conduits. When the water
got to the city, it was fed off into smaller bronze or ceramic pipes. To get the water to flow at an even
(and slow) pace, conduits were built on a slight slope. Valleys were crossed by using aqueducts. One of
the most famous of these is the Pont du Gard aqueduct at Nimes in southern France. Where possible,
the Romans did take water through tunnels but the hills needed to be relatively small for this to be
successful.

Options:
1) different parts, these origins, further afield, specific sources
2) as well, so, how, thus
3) few loads, improper intakes, relative levels, large volumes
4) spans, proportions, scales, techniques
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #283)

56. Conservationists
Conservationists have long debated whether the koala should go on the Australian national threatened
species list. While the koala is clearly in trouble in some parts of the country – in Queensland, for
example, high numbers are afflicted by disease – in other parts such as Victoria and South Australia the
problem is not that koala populations are falling , but that they have grown to the point where they are
almost too numerous. For a species to be classed as vulnerable, its population must have decreased by
more than 30 percent over the last three generations or 10 years. The problem is that when such a
stipulation is applied to koalas, the Victorian boom offsets the Queensland bust, and the species stays
off the list. This has repercussions because northern koalas are different to southern ones. They are
smaller, for example, and they contain a genetic variation not represented in the South. For this reason ,
a split listing has been devised koalas from New South Wales, the ACT and Queensland are now
officially 'Vulnerable'; those from Victoria and South Australia are not considered threatened.

Options:
1) But, While, Like, Because
2) have afflicted, are afflicted, are afflicting, afflicted
3) are falling, are fallen, falls, fallen
4) must have decreased, decreased, decrease, must decrease
5) expansion, extension, explanation, variation
6) Nonetheless, For example, As an addition, For this reason
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #273)

57. English Language (Explanation)


With about one and a half billion non-native speakers, English has become the world's own language.
Such dominance has its downside, of course. There are now about 6,800 languages left in the world,
compared with perhaps twice that number back at the dawn of agriculture. Thanks in part to the rise of
über-languages, most importantly English, the remaining languages are now dying at the rate of about
one a fortnight. Want to learn Busuu, anyone? Then you'd better head to Cameroon fast, before one of
the language's last eight speakers kicks the bucket (as the Busuu-nese presumably doesn't say).

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Options:
1) facet, dominance, deficit, paradox
2) many, twice, few, as
3) respect, addition, part, connection
4) time, rate, cost, coverage
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #260)

58. Genius (Explanation)


Genius, in the popular conception, is inextricably tied up with precocity - doing something truly creative,
we're inclined to think, requires the freshness and exuberance and energy of youth. Orson Welles made
his masterpiece, "Citizen Kane", at twenty-five. Herman Melville wrote a book a year through his late
twenties, culminating, at the age of thirty-two, with "Moby-Dick". Mozart wrote his breakthrough Piano
Concerto No. 9 in E-Flat-Major at the age of twenty-one. In some creative forms, like lyric poetry,
the importance of precocity has hardened into an iron law. How old was T. S. Eliot when he wrote "The
Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" ("I grow old ... I grow old")? Twenty-three. "Poets peak young," the
creativity researcher James Kaufman maintains. Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, the author of "Flow", agrees:
"The most creative lyric verse is believed to be that written by the young." According to the Harvard
psychologist Howard Gardner, a leading authority on creativity, "Lyric poetry is a domain where talent is
discovered early, burns brightly, and then peters out at an early age."

Options:
1) at, on, through, over
2) proportion, rate, age, year
3) junction, inferiority, importance, structure
4) master, supremacy, authority, adept
5) fire, clerk, offender, talent
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #259)

59. Poetry
Throughout history poetry has often been created to celebrate a wedding. This article will examine the
ways in which this has happened at different periods of time and in many widely differing societies. It will
look at some examples of wedding poems from a range of eras and cultures, and will set them in their
specific context, drawing out the particular features that reflect that context. Other writers on this topic
have tended to focus on more personal wedding poems, those dedicated to the bride or the groom.
Here, however, the intention is to consider poems that were written with more of a social purpose in
mind.

Options:
1) as, that, which, what
2) bit, range, sequence, little
3) separate, reflect, prevail, converge
4) never, some, those, if
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #256)

60. Cheating
Although not written about extensively, a few individuals have considered the concept and act of
cheating in history as well as contemporary culture. J. Barton Bowyer writes that cheating 'is the
advantageous distortion of perceived reality. The advantage falls to the cheater because the cheated
person misperceives what is assumed to be the real world'. The cheater is taking advantage of a person,

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a situation, or both . Cheating also involves 'distortion of perceived reality' or what others call
'deception'. Deception can involve hiding the 'true' reality or 'showing' reality in a way intended to
deceive others.

Options:
1) journal, tale, life, history
2) misperceives, deceives, perceives, receives
3) none, both, neither, either
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #258)

61. Stressors
Research has suggested that major stressors in our lives are life changes , for example, moving house,
marriage or relationship breakdown. Work-related factors, including unemployment and boredom, are
also common causes of stress. Differences in personality may also play a part.

Options:
1) collections, expectations, appearances, changes
2) have included, including, include, included
3) conferences, courses, causes, pressure
4) act, play, list, give
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #251)

62. Cell (Explanation)


Cells are now acceptable as a unifying concept. A cell is the smallest unit of structure and function.
Thus, cells are the basic building blocks of all organisms. Cells vary in size. With few exceptions,
individual cells are so small they cannot be seen unaided. In 1665, a British scientist named Robert
Hooke observed cells for the first time using a microscope. A microscope is an instrument that
magnifies an object. Most images of cells are taken with a microscope and are called micrographs.

Options:
1) determined, interactive, claimed, acceptable
2) unification, uniting, unity, unit
3) much, ever, so, very
4) earliest, first, last, latest
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #243)

63. Attendance (Incomplete)


Points: Long ago in Britain higher education was available for just males. … (an) underachievement.
They played truant and (made) the attendance 1/5. Other developed countries underwent a similar shift.
There was a (reversal) … not only attendance but also low performance.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #244)

64. Golden Gate Bridge (Explanation)


San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, a stunning technological and artistic achievement, opens to the
public after five years of construction. On opening day – 'Pedestrian Day' – some 200,000 bridge
walkers marveled at the 4,200-foot-long suspension bridge, which spans the Golden Gate Strait at the
entrance to San Francisco Bay and connects San Francisco and Marin County. On May 28, the Golden
Gate Bridge opened to vehicular traffic. On May 27, 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge was opened to great
acclaim, a symbol of progress in the Bay Area during a time of economic crisis. At 4,200 feet, it was the

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longest bridge in the world until the completion of New York City's Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in 1964.
Today, the Golden Gate Bridge remains one of the world's most recognizable architectural structures.

Options:
1) opens, closes, appears, equals
2) On, During, Since, When
3) stationed, looked, marveled, laughed
4) separates, connects, channels, differentiates
5) aquatic, vehicular, airborne, watertight
6) denial, symbol, technique, yield
7) since, until, along, within
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #237)

65. Health and Fitness


A renewed interest in well-being, especially among baby boomers, as well as rising personal incomes,
led to more spending on health and fitness in 2005. This prompted an expansion in the number of fitness
and recreation centres across the country. Golf courses also enjoyed renewed success, as the sport
increased in popularity, possibly the result of retiring baby boomers heading to the links. In
2005, households spent an average $3,918 on recreation, up slightly from $3,678 in 2004. Items included
in the 2005 figure are: an average $166 on sports and athletic equipment; $665 to buy
and operate recreational vehicles such as snowmobiles, bicycles and trailers; and $299 for the use of
sports and recreation facilities.

Options:
1) expectation, exception, erosion, expansion
2) allowed, enjoyed, portioned, confiscated
3) households, countries, companies, immigrants
4) demount, operate, duplicate, fund
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #230)

66. Manga (Incomplete)


Points: What West Is It? Anime and Manga according to Candy and Goldorak If Japan’s rise to economic
superpower dominated U.S. academic discussions in the 1980s, the last 15 years or so have been
marked by an intense fascination, both in academic and popular discourse, with the country’s perceived
increase in global cultural influence (see, for example, Faiola, 2003; Talbot, 2002). As Pokémon and
Hello Kitty invaded U.S. TV screens and supermarket aisles at a time when, paradoxically, Japanese
economic influence was on the decline, U.S. scholars (and a good number of Japanese officials) started
to point to the emergence of a new kind of Japanese superpower. The discussion shifted from Japan’s
Gross National Product to its “Gross National Cool” (McGray, 2002). The characters in Japanese
animated cartoon series (animation or anime) and in the related genre of manga (Japanese-style comic
books or graphic novels), along with their videogame cousins, came to symbolize a new order in
millennial capitalism characterized by a decline in U.S. cultural hegemony and the fragmentation of global
powers (Allison, 2006). Thus, Japanese animation provides a logical starting point to an analysis aimed at
decentralizing the role of the United States as the world’s most significant global cultural producer. This
chapter will demonstrate, however, that while intending to point to Japan’s growing influence and to a
concomitant relative decline in U.S. power, the academic and popular discourse about Japanese
animation’s “global” popularity has paradoxically resulted in the re-centralizing of the United States as
both a global cultural producer and a consumer of globalized cultural forms. Turning a translocal lens to
the genre’s transnational spread, this chapter illustrates the multiple ways in which this discourse is

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problematic. Throughout the chapter, the names of a few scholars will frequently reappear. These
scholars are most assertively critiqued here not because their work is particularly problematic but, on the
contrary, because they have produced the most comprehensive and sophisticated studies of Japanese
animation and/or comics. Their works have become seminal texts in the academic study of Japanese
popular culture in general and have greatly contributed to our understanding of its influence in the U.S.
context. The chapter’s deconstruction of these scholars’ characterization of global processes is offered
in an effort to illustrate the productive potential of a more translocal approach. It does not invalidate
their otherwise positive contributions to the field of Japanese studies.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #228)

67. Economic Depression


An economic depression is a period of sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or
more economies. It is more severe than a recession, which is a slowdown in economic activity over the
course of a normal business cycle. Economic depressions are characterized by their length, and by
abnormally large increases in unemployment rate .

Options:
1) variation, promotion, downturn, reduction
2) an era, the course, a tally, the year
3) calculation, bias, ratio, rate
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #226)

68. PIE
No matter whether you speak English or Urdu, Waloon or Waziri, Portuguese or Persian, the roots of
your language are the same. Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the mother tongue — shared by several
hundred contemporary languages, as well as many now extinct, and spoken by people who lived from
about 6,000 to 3,500 BC on the steppes to the north of the Caspian Sea. They left no written texts
and although historical linguists have, since the 19th century, painstakingly reconstructed the language
from daughter languages, the question of how it actually sounded was assumed to be permanently out
of reach. Now, researchers at the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford have developed a sound-based
method to move back through the family tree of languages that stem from PIE. They can simulate how
certain words would have sounded when they were spoken 8,000 years ago. Remarkably, at the heart of
the technology is the statistics of shape. 'Sounds have shape,' explains Professor John Aston, from
Cambridge's Statistical Laboratory. 'As a word is uttered it vibrates air, and the shape of this soundwave
can be measured and turned into a series of numbers. Once we have these stats, and the stats of
another spoken word, we can start asking how similar they are and what it would take to shift from one
to another.'

Options:
1) where, which, what, who
2) despite, until, however, although
3) would have sounded, would sound, have sounded, sound
4) cost, heart, end, moment
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #218)

69. Drones
Antarctic plants can be important indicators of subtle changes in environmental conditions, including
climate change. Traditional ground-based assessments of vegetation health are, however, not ideal in
Antarctica, as they can destroy the vegetation and are physically demanding in the harsh weather

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conditions. Co-author Professor Sharon Robinson from UOW’s School of Biological Sciences said the
study found drone-based monitoring of vegetation health produced similar results to traditional
techniques, but with much greater efficiency and with no damage to the vegetation. “Drones are a
powerful tool for monitoring fragile Antarctic vegetation,” Professor Robinson said. “They could be used
to provide timely warnings about specific environmental stress events, as well as monitoring the longer-
term impacts of climate change. “These methods could also be adapted to monitor the health of other
small-stature, patchy plant communities, including in alpine or desert regions.” The researchers found
that drones equipped with sensors were able to detect vegetation health indicators more accurately than
satellite imagery. Mosses are one of the key Antarctic vegetation types that need to be monitored.
However, they tend to occur in patches among rocks, ice and soil, making it important that the imagery
used to assess their health is as accurate and spatially detailed as possible.

Options:
1) demanding, demand, demanded, having demanded
2) except, as well as, despite, as long as
3) had equipped, equipped, equip, equipping
4) made, to make, making, make
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #213)

70. Sandra Lousada


London's National Portrait Gallery is currently celebrating the fifty-year career of photographer Sandra
Lousada. The twenty one portraits on display depict key figures in literature, film and fashion from the
early 1960s. Subsequent to the acquisition of forty portraits by Lousada, the display at The National
Portrait Gallery highlights shots taken between 1960 and 1964, many of which feature in Lousada's book
Public Faces Private Places (2008). Formal commissioned portraits are shown alongside behind-the-
scenes photographs taken on films sets and unguarded portraits of sitters captured at home.

Options:
1) invitation, promotion, training, career
2) figures, gadgets, fashions, genres
3) gists, sets, tickets, aisles
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #203)

71. Repeated Syllables


Assessments of language learning in 18-month-olds suggest that children are better at grasping the
names of objects with repeated syllables, over words with non-identical syllables. Researchers say the
study may help explain why some words or phrases, such as 'train' and 'good night', have given rise to
versions with repeated syllables, such as choo-choo and night-night. The researchers say such words
are easier for infants to learn, and may provide them with a starter point for vocabulary learning. A team
from the University of Edinburgh assessed the infants' language learning behavior in a series of visual
and attention tests using pictures on a computer screen of two unfamiliar objects. The two objects were
named with made-up words which were communicated to the infants by a recorded voice - one with
two identical syllables, for example neenee, and the other without repeated syllables, such as bolay. The
infants were then tested for their recognition of each made-up word. Recordings of their eye
movements showed they looked more reliably at the object labeled with repeated syllables, than the
other object. Researchers validated their results with a control test, in which the infants responded to
pictures of familiar objects - such as a dog or an apple.

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Options:
1) that, whether, however, why
2) as, for, in, with
3) having, doing, applying, using
4) communicated, expressed, accommodated, accelerated
5) another, dual, each, one
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #195)

72. Physical Activity


Participating regularly in physical activity has been shown to benefit an individual's health and wellbeing .
Regular physical activity is important in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and
stroke, obesity, diabetes and some forms of cancer. The National Physical Activity Guidelines for
Adults recommends at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, preferably every day of
the week, to obtain health benefits.

Options:
1) values, immortality, expectation, wellbeing
2) chronic, contraindicated, untouched, detectable
3) excludes, recommends, denotes, defies
4) relatively, absolutely, preferably, namely
5) charge, obtain, weigh, estimate
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #190)

73. Studying Law


It is important to emphasize the need for hard work as an essential part of studying law, because far too
many students are tempted to think that they can succeed by relying on what they imagine to be their
natural ability, without bothering to add the expenditure of effort. To take an analogy some people prefer
the more or less instant gratification which comes from watching television adaptation of a classic novel
to the rather more laborious process of reading the novel itself. Those who prefer watching television to
reading the book are less likely to study law successfully, unless they rapidly acquire a taste for text-
based materials.

Options:
1) expenditure, exhaustion, costing, exclusion
2) gratification, excitement, temptation, obsession
3) simple, complex, effortless, laborious
4) prefer, Enjoy, interest, like
5) knowledge, idea, motivation, taste
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #189)

74. Kashmiri
Two decades ago, Kashmiri houseboat-owners rubbed their hands every spring at the prospect of the
annual influx of tourists . From May to October, the hyacinth-choked waters of Dal Lake saw flotillas of
vividly painted Shikaras carrying Indian families, boho westerners, young travellers and wide-eyed
Japanese. Carpet-sellers honed their skills, as did purveyors of anything remotely embroidered while the
house boats initiated by the British Raj provided unusual accommodation. Then, in 1989, separatist and
Islamist militancy attacked and everything changed. Hindus and countless Kashmiri business people
bolted, at least 35,000 people were killed in a decade, the lake stagnated, and the houseboats rotted.
Any foreigners venturing there risked their lives , proved in 1995 when five young Europeans were

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kidnapped and murdered.

Options:
1) volunteers, watchdogs, employees, tourists
2) waters, connection, atmosphere, volume
3) enacted, registered, honed, wasted
4) fell, enacted, followed, attacked
5) credits, insurances, lives, contributions
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #187)

75. Humans and Chimpanzees (Incomplete)


Points: About humans, such a higher species. One criterion is of the usage of tools. Although
chimpanzees also use tools, they can't free from (the hands / two hands / the two hands / hands). With
any evolution they can only use tools in a simple way.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #185)

76. Interaction (Incomplete)


Points: ...give a(working/polite)definition, ...whether actors, performers in different programs need to
interact with audience...(nevertheless/therefore).
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #181)

77. Ikebana
More than simply putting flowers in a container , Ikebana is a disciplined art form in which nature and
humanity are brought together. Contrary to the idea of a particolored or multicolored arrangement of
blossoms, Ikebana often emphasizes other areas of the plant , such as its stems and leaves, and puts
emphasis on shape, line, and form. Though Ikebana is an expression of creativity, certain rules govern its
form. The artist's intention is shown through a piece's color combinations, natural shapes, graceful lines,
and the implied meaning of the arrangement.

Options:
1) shape, way, container, fashion
2) restricted, random, disciplined, fleeting
3) garden, arrangement, duplication, augmentation
4) flora, plant, organism, fauna
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #178)

78. City Parks (Incomplete)


Points: About a city's afforestation. ...but (despite)this approach....,it is just one of (actions).... A
park built in the city is the (lungs) of the city...
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #177)

79. Healthcare
In the fast-changing world of modern healthcare, the job of a doctor is more like the job of chief
executive. The people who run hospitals and physicians' practices don't just need to know medicine .
They must also be able to balance budgets, motivate a large and diverse staff and make difficult
marketing and legal decisions .

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Options:
1) dosage, techniques, treatments, medicine
2) gang, staff, employment, mass
3) decisions, reactions, recommendations, actions
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #174)

80. Colonial Era


At the end of the colonial era, as many new nations gained independence, relative levels of economic
development became an important criterion by which to distinguish between countries. The former
colonial powers and wealthier parts of the world generally became known as advanced industrial, or
developed countries, while former colonies and poorer nations became known as less developed, or
more positively, developing countries. Critics of the uneven distribution of wealth across the globe
highlighted the role which wealth creation in some places had played in impoverishing poorer nations
and, rather, described them as actively underdeveloped. The question as to whether economic change is
developing or underdeveloping countries remains a vital issue, as the debate over sweatshops highlights.

Options:
1) wealthier, older, healthier, bigger
2) while, although, so, because
3) odd, uneven, ubiquitous, sporadic
4) whether, which, what, when
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #172)

81. Colour Preference


Many tests have shown that, in a very broad way, peoples in most parts of the world have similar color
preferences. Blue is the most preferred and popular hue, followed in order by red, green, purple, yellow
and orange. Overlaying this basic order of color preference, however , are the responses of individuals,
which of course vary widely and may also be very powerful. Children are likely to have
strong preferences for some colors and aversions to others, but sometimes will not admit to them, since
outside factors may be influential in determining both color preferences and the way that they are
expressed or suppressed. Current fashions in clothes and accessories, gender-stereotyping and peer-
group pressure may all play a significant part. Boys in particular may be reluctant to admit to any strong
preferences for colors other than those of favorite football teams, because color awareness may be
regarded by their peer-group as feminine.

Options:
1) however, thus, therefore, nevertheless
2) widely, slightly, badly, strongly
3) preferences, similarities, divergences, comparisons
4) pressures, factors, appearances, reasons
5) instead of, rather than, together with, other than
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #171)

82. Sun and Moon


In these distant times the sun was seen to make its daily journey across the sky. At night the moon
appeared. Every new night the moon waxed or waned a little and on a few nights it did not appear at all.
At night the great dome of the heavens was dotted with tiny specks of light. They became known as the
stars. It was thought that every star in the heavens had its own purpose and that the secrets of the
universe could be discovered by making a study of them. It was well known that there were wandering

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stars, they appeared in different nightly positions against their neighbours and they became known as
planets. It took centuries, in fact it took millennia, for man to determine the true nature of these
wandering stars and to evolve a model of the world to accommodate them and to predict their positions
in the sky.

Options:
1) plan, level, journey, line
2) are, well, become, became
3) stories, secrets, views, imaginations
4) distort, discuss, charge, determine
5) draw, predict, dictate, save
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #170)

83. Fossil Fuels


But look beyond fossil fuels for the most intriguing trends. One is that the energy intensity of the world
economy - the amount of energy it takes to produce one dollar's worth of income - keeps falling, at a
rate of about 2 percent. What this means is that even without any change in the relative shares of
fossil-based and fossil-free sources in the world's energy mix, we could have 2 percent annual
economic growth without increasing carbon emissions from energy use. Of course that is not enough
to address climate change and we need more economic growth than that. It is nonetheless a stunning
number, which refutes the claim by some environmentalists that permanent economic growth is
fundamentally incompatible with finite physical resources.

Options:
1) plenty, money, value, worth
2) relevant, related, communal, relative
3) outline, address, point, highlight
4) thus, thereby, also, nonetheless
5) over, with, within, by
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #168)

84. Marshmallow
They call it the "marshmallow test." A four- to-six-year-old-child sits alone in a room at a table facing
a marshmallow on a plate. The child is told: "If you don't eat this treat for 15 minutes you can have both
it and a second one." Kids on average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow.
The longer a child can resist the temptation has been correlated with higher general competency later in
life. Now a study shows that ability to resist temptation isn't strictly innate -- it's aIso highly influenced
by environment.

Options:
1) fun, joy, recipe, treat
2) longest, longer, long, longing
3) artificial, innate, intimate, disguised
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #167)

85. Omniscience
Omniscience may be a foible of men, but it is not so of books. Knowledge, as Johnson said, is of
two kinds , you may know a thing yourself, and you may know where to find it. Now the amount which
you may actually know yourself must, at its best, be limited, but what you may know of the sources of

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information may, with proper training, become almost boundless. And here come the value and use of
reference books-the working of one book in connection with another-and applying your
own intelligence to both. By this means we get as near to that omniscient volume which tells everything
as ever we shall get, and although the single volume or work which tells everything does not exist, there
is a vast number of reference books in existence, a knowledge and proper use of which is essential to
every intelligent person. Necessary as I believe reference books to be, they can easily be made to
be contributory to idleness, and too mechanical a use should not be made of them.

Options:
1) identifications, kinds, stages, platforms
2) resources, sources, fabrications, ends
3) proportions, validity, values, value
4) intelligence, interest, memory, mind
5) contribute, contributed, contribution, contributory
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #165)

86. Study of Objects


The study of objects constitutes a relatively new field of academic enquiry, commonly referred to as
material culture studies. Students of material culture seek to understand societies, both past and
present, through careful study and observation of the physical or material objects generated by those
societies. The source material for study is exceptionally wide, including not just human-made artefacts
but also natural objects and even preserved body parts (as you saw in the film 'Encountering a body').
Some specialists in the field of material culture have made bold claims for its pre-eminence. In certain
disciplines, it reigns supreme . It plays a critical role in archaeology, for example, especially in
circumstances where written evidence is either patchy or non-existent. In such cases , objects are all
scholars have to rely on in forming an understanding of ancient peoples. Even where written documents
survive, the physical remains of literate cultures often help to provide new and interesting insights into
how people once lived and thought, as in the case of medieval and post-medieval archaeology. In
analyzing the physical remains of societies, both past and present, historians, archaeologists,
anthropologists and others have been careful to remind us that objects mean different things to different
people.

Options:
1) subject to, compared with, across from, referred to
2) experiment, modification, consumption, observation
3) includes, including, included, had included
4) at all, supreme, everywhere, far and wide
5) By no means, In such cases, In this time, In this way
6) as long as, as if, as a result of, as in
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #153)

87. Psychology
Psychology as a subject of study has largely developed in the West since the late nineteenth century.
During this period there has been an emphasis on scientific thinking. Because of this, there have been
many scientific studies in psychology which explore different aspects of human nature. These include
studies into how biology (physical factors) influences human experience, how people use
their senses (touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing) to get to know the world, how people develop, why
people behave in certain ways, how memory works, how people develop language, how people
understand and think about the world, what motivates people, why people have emotions and how

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personality develops. These scientific investigations all contribute to an understanding of human nature.
What do we mean by the practical applications of these studies? An understanding of psychology is
useful in many different areas in life, such as education, the workplace, social services and medicine.
This means that people who have knowledge of psychology can use or apply that knowledge in areas
such as the ones listed above.

Options:
1) emphasis, emphases, emphasize, emphasizing
2) exceed, excel, separate, explore
3) brains, skins, minds, senses
4) assumptions, correlations, investigations, stimulations
5) ideology, empowerment, understanding, equivalence
6) register, classify, use, learn
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #152)

88. Mass Extinction


Scientists have discovered the cause of a mass extinction of sea-floor marine organisms 800,000 years
ago — which also provides insight into how climate change can impact on deep ocean biota. In a new
study published in the journal Nature Communications, scientists from the universities of Nottingham
and Durham and the British Geological Survey (BGS), have discovered the cause of a mass extinction
within marine organisms called foraminifera. Foraminifera are an important group in relation to biomass
in the deep ocean and the cause of their extinction was previously unknown. Scientists tested various
possible causes for the mass extinction and were able to discount others such as ocean
cooling. Instead , they discovered that the extinction was caused by a global change in plankton at the
surface of the ocean.

Options:
1) in, of, on, off
2) publishing, has published, published, be publishing
3) occasionally, necessarily, previously, currently
4) causes, consequences, elements, factors
5) However, Thus, So, Instead
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #151)

89. Australia's Dwellings


The stock of Australia's dwellings is evolving , with current homes having more bedrooms on average
than homes ten years ago. At the same time, households are getting smaller on average with
decreasing proportions of couple families with children and increasing couple only and lone person
households. This article examines the changes in household size and number of bedrooms from 1994-95
to 2003-04.

Options:
1) evanescent, eternal, erupting, evolving
2) interests, proportions, appearances, durations
3) flopping, increasing, fluctuating, declining
4) predicts, suggests, examines, counts
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #148)

90. Noisy Studying

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Some students say that they need complete quiet to read and study. Others study best in a crowded,
noisy room because the noise actually helps them concentrate. Some students like quiet music playing;
others do not. The point is, you should know the level of noise that is optimal for your own studying.
However, one general rule for all students is that the television seems to be more of a distraction than
music or other background noise, so leave the TV off when you are reading or studying. Also , don't let
yourself become distracted by computer games, email, or Internet surfing.

Options:
1) helps, stops, aids, gives
2) have, doing, do, are
3) make, put, leave, cut
4) Thus, However, Yet, Also
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #145)

91. Exams Looming


It's that time again! Exams looming, essays or reports outstanding and you wonder where the years have
gone already. You start wondering how you're going to cope with it all. A limited amount of anxiety can
help you to be more motivated and more purposeful . It can help you to plan your work and to think more
clearly and logically about it. In other words, it can help you stay on top of things. Sit down at your desk
and make a start on writing down all the things you have to do to prepare for the exams.

Options:
1) warning, wondering, believing, defying
2) intelligent, excitable, grateful, purposeful
3) wantonly, logically, extensively, thoroughly
4) behave, prepare, apply, substitute
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #142)

92. Coastal Fish Farms


Coastal fish farms seem to do less harm to nearby plants and animals than previously believed, a new
study reveals . And marine ecosystems can recover from this damage surprisingly fast. But the analysis
of a single trout farm internationally renowned in a Faroe Islands fjord over nearly a year also shows that
these facilities need to be placed carefully, and that there's a limit to how many can operate in a
particular area before its biodiversity suffers lasting harm. In coastal farms, fish live in large cages
hanging from pontoons on the surface. Fish feces and uneaten food sink to the seabed, affecting its
ecosystem. Badly managed farms can also have serious effects on the surrounding water column.

Options:
1) collectively, individually, previously, pretentiously
2) introduces, deceives, reveals, conceives
3) derive, segregate, recover, prevent
4) visually, commonly, surprisingly, spiritually
5) dislocated, estimated, placed, dismounted
6) Well, Badly, Expectedly, Attentively
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #132)

93. Cultural Studies


Cultural studies is a new way of engaging in the study of culture. In the past, many academic subjects
including anthropology, history, literary studies, human geography and sociology have brought their own

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disciplinary concerns to the study of culture. However , in recent decades there has been
a renewed interest in the study of culture that has crossed disciplinary boundaries .
The resulting activities and cultural studies have emerged as an intriguing and exciting area of
intellectual inquiry which has already shed important new life on the character of human cultures and
which promises to continue to do so. While there is a little doubt that cultural studies are coming to be
widely recognized as an important and distinctive field of study, it does seem to encompass a potentially
enormous area. This is because the term 'culture' has a complex history and range of usages, which have
provided a legitimate focus of inquiry for several academic disciplines.

Options:
1) However, Then, Subsequently, Consistently
2) renewed, renewable, renewing, renew
3) discriminations, similarities, boundaries, differentiations
4) simultaneous, spontaneous, resulting, derivative
5) have promised, promising, promises, would have promised
6) phase out, pull together, be widely recognized, be narrowly reduced
7) dispersion, focus, heart, center
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #125)

94. Trinity Sport and Fitness


Whether you want to exercise and stay healthy , train professionally with like-minded people, or indulge
your competitive streak, Trinity Sport and Fitness has it covered . We've got a dedicated support
development team on campus to support every student taking part in sports. You might want to
participate in sports competitions volunteer with a local sports class or simply play for fun with our social
sport program. Trinity fitness members of our public-facing sports facility will also entitle you to
discounts when you are booking a sports facility and fitness class. You will also get an opportunity
to benefit from tailored personal training, free activities events, and lots more.

Options:
1) healthy, wealthy, humble, hungry
2) has it covered, makes covering, have covered, does it covering
3) taking, taken, have taken, were taking
4) idle, fun, kidding, exchange
5) enact, encourage, entitle, allow
6) obtain, upgrade, benefit, proceed
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #91)

95. Renewable Energy


Recently, due to concerns over pollution and the possibility that some sources of fuel might eventually
run out or become uneconomic to obtain, there has been much greater support for renewable sources of
power, such as wind or solar energy. Renewable energy sources provide 25 percent of the electricity we
use. unlike fossil fuels, they tend not to produce any waste or significantly add to global warming by
producing gases.

Options:
1) uneconomic, unaffordable, unilateral, unspecific
2) consist, construct, provide, consume
3) fossil, volatile, synthetic, hygienic
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #61)

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96. Retirement
For a start, we need to change our concept of 'retirement', and we need to change mind-sets arising
from earlier government policy which, in the face of high unemployment levels, encouraged mature
workers to take early retirement. Today, government encourages them to delay their retirement. We now
need to think of retirement as a phased process, where mature age workers gradually reduce their hours,
and where they have considerable flexibility in how they combine their work and non work time. We also
need to recognise the broader change that is occurring in how people work, learn, and live. Increasingly
we are moving away from a linear relationship between education, training, work, and retirement, as
people move in and out of jobs, careers, caregiving, study, and leisure. Employers of choice remove
the barriers between the different segments of people's lives, by creating flexible conditions of work and
a range of leave entitlements. They take an individualised approach to workforce planning and
development so that the needs of employers and employees can be met simultaneously . This approach
supports the different transitions that occur across the life course - for example, school to work,
becoming a parent, becoming responsible for the care of older relatives, and moving from work to
retirement.

Options:
1) contempt, confrontation, concept, conclusion
2) delay, replay, relay, drag
3) radically, disruptively, abruptly, gradually
4) hinges, barriers, nexus, bans
5) condescendingly, simultaneously, hypocritically, spontaneously
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #57)

97. Agrarian Parties


Agrarian parties are political parties chiefly representing the interests of peasants or, more broadly, the
rural sector of society. The extent to which they are important, or whether they even exist, depends
mainly on two factors. One, obviously, is the size of an identifiable peasantry, or the size of the rural
relative to the urban population. The other is a matter of social integration: for agrarian parties to be
important, the representation of countryside or peasantry must not be integrated with the other major
sections of society. Thus , a country might possess a sizable rural population, but have an economic
system in which the interests of the voters were predominantly related to their incomes, rather than their
occupations or location; and in such a country the political system would be unlikely to include an
important agrarian party.

Options:
1) where, why, how, what, whether
2) from, to, of, on, with
3) as, in, for, to, by
4) Meanwhile, Moreover, Thus, However, Nevertheless
5) higher, lower, rather, other, fewer
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #56)

98. Home Appliances


In the developed world, home appliances have greatly reduced the need for physical
labour. Fewer people need to be involved in tasks that once left them little time to do much else. For
example, the word processor and email have, to a great extent , replaced the dedicated secretarial staff
that briefly flourished with the rise of the typewriter. At one time all copies were made with manual
scribes, carefully duplicating what they read. Then we had carbon paper. Then photocopiers. Then

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printers. Then the requirement for physical copy reduced. An entire stream of labour appeared and
disappeared as technology advanced. We freed ourselves of one kind of work; we just replaced
it with another.

Options:
1) Fewer, More, Less, Many
2) extension, possibility, extend, extent
3) once, some, one, a
4) with, as, for, by
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #51)

99. Decision Making


Decision making is central to the management of an enterprise. The manager of a profit making
business has to decide on the manner of implementation of the objectives of the business, at least one
of which may well relate to allocating resources so as to maximize profit. A non-profit-making
enterprise (such as a department of central or local government) will be making decisions on resource
allocation so as to be economical, efficient and effective in its use of finance. All organizations, whether
in the private sector or the public sector, take decisions which have financial implications. Decisions will
be about resources, which may be people, products, services or long-term and short-term investment.
Decisions will also be about activities, including whether and how to undertake them. Most decisions will
at some stage involve consideration of financial matters, particularly cost.

Options:
1) well, better, best, thereby
2) its use of, its using of, using of, accordance with
3) beget, do, adapt, take
4) overload, overlook, undertake, underpin
5) eventually, consequently, particularly, spontaneously
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #48)

100. Icebergs' Sound


Twenty years ago, not so long before B-15 broke off from Antarctica, 'we didn't even know that
icebergs made noise,' says Haru Matsumoto, an ocean engineer at NOAA who has studied these sounds.
But in the past few years, scientists have started to learn to distinguish the eerie, haunting sounds of
iceberg life — ice cracking, icebergs grinding against each other, an iceberg grounding on the seafloor
— and measure the extent to which those sounds contribute to the noise of the ocean. While they're just
now learning to listen, the sounds of ice could help them understand the behavior and breakup of
icebergs and ice shelves as the poles warm up .

Options:
1) for, more, much, few
2) within, about, through, against
3) which, why, what, whether
4) away, out, up, off
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #43)

101. How World Works


Throughout the 18th century, mathematicians, scientists and philosophers researched, discussed, and
published their investigations into how the world worked, while engineers and inventors developed new

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and successful machines and processes. The latest theories inspired greater invention, and more
technology encouraged theoretical scientists to make further discoveries in medicine, biology,
mechanics, physics, and chemistry. By 1800, the new machines had brought revolutionary changes to the
workplace, transportation and communications, and eventually to the home. Some of these inventions
simply made it easier to produce things on a large scale such as textile machines and
foundries, which produced large quantities of cloth and metal objects quickly and cheaply. But some
inventions brought completely new possibilities such as the first batteries, steamboats, and locomotives.
It would take decades for some of these inventions to make a big impact on the world. Yet their
creation, and the sheer amount of imagination and risk-taking involved, marked the beginning of a
modern, global, technologically based economy of the kind that we live in today.

Options:
1) fewest, newest, nearest, latest
2) are, have, were, had
3) those, which, that, what
4) brought, necessitated, enforced, took
5) make, making, made, to make
6) Notwithstanding, As, Whether, Yet
7) marking, mark, marks, marked
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #37)

102. Managing Performance


Managing performance is about getting people into action so that they achieve planned and agreed
results. It focuses on what has to be done, how it should be done and what is to be achieved. But it is
equally concerned with developing people - helping them to learn - and providing them with the support
they need to do well, now and in the future. The framework for performance management is provided by
the performance agreement, which is the outcome of performance planning. The agreement provides the
basis for managing performance throughout the year and for guiding improvement and development
activities. It is used as a reference point when reviewing performance and the achievement of
improvement and development plans.

Options:
1) is, need, must, requires
2) developing, evaluating, recruiting, alerting
3) what, this, which, it
4) guiding, reassuring, heralding, concluding
5) when, as, until, since
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #32)

103. Melting Ice


At the end of the last ice age, the melting ice disrupted the ocean currents in the North Atlantic
and caused a drop in temperature of almost 5 degrees. Even though the rest of the planet was
warming up , the North Atlantic region remained in a cold period for 1300 years. The same thing
happened around 8000 years ago, when the cooling lasted about a hundred years, and it could happen
again today. Even a short period of cooling in the North Atlantic could have a dramatic effect on the
wildlife, and the human populations, living there.

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Options:
1) featured, denied, reflected, caused
2) Contrasting to, Even though, As if, Now that
3) in, off, up, back
4) on, before, after, around
5) could, can, should, could have
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #30)

104. Wholeness of Thought


The writer, or, for that matter, the speaker conceives his thought whole, as a unity, but must express it
in a line of words; the reader, or listener, must take this line of symbols and from it reconstruct the
original wholeness of thought. There is little difficulty in conversation, because the listener receives
innumerable cues from the physical expressions of the speaker; there is a dialogue, and the listener
can cut in at any time. The advantage of group discussion is that people can overcome linear sequence
of words by converging on ideas from different directions; which makes for wholeness of thought. But
the reader is confronted by line upon line of printed symbols, without benefits of physical tone and
emphasis or the possibility of dialogue or discussion.

Options:
1) recover, respect, reconstruct, reduce
2) little, much, more, few
3) lean, cut, intrude, get
4) conveying, combination, collecting, converging
5) tune, thumb, tone, note
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #18)

105. Good Information


One of the characteristics of 'good' information identified earlier was that it should be 'balanced'. In an
ideal world, ' objective ' or 'balanced' information would present all the evidence for and against, and
leave you to weigh this up and draw conclusions. In the real world, however, we recognize that all
information presents a position of interest , although this may not necessarily be intentional. Objectivity
may therefore be an unachievable ideal. This means that the onus is on you as the reader and user of
the information to develop a critical awareness of the positions represented in what you read, and to
take account of this when you interpret the information. In some cases, authors may explicitly express a
particular viewpoint — this is perfectly valid as long as they are open about the perspective they
represent. Hidden bias, whether or not it is deliberate , can be misleading. This could be particularly
important in a subject area where there is controversy.

Options:
1) subjective, inferior, objective, inductive
2) information, content, evidence, cause
3) interest, interested, internship, hobby
4) develop, yield, exert, throw
5) deliberate, delicate, deductive, delicious
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #16)

106. Interior Design


Interior design is a professionally conducted, practice-based process of planning and realization of
interior spaces and the elements within. Interior design is related with the function and operation of the

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aesthetics and its sustainability . The work of an interior designer draws upon many other disciplines ,
such as environmental psychology, architecture, product design and, aesthetics, in relation to a wide
range of building spaces including hotels, corporate and public spaces, schools, hospitals, private
residences, shopping malls, restaurants, theaters and airport terminals.

Options:
1) related, compared, concentrated, corresponded
2) capability, environment, sustainability, deniability
3) disciplines, course, principals, functions
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #117)

107. Computational Thinking


Developing computational thinking helps students to better understand the world around them. Many of
us happily drive a car without understanding what goes on under the bonnet. So is it necessary for
children to learn how to program computers? After all , some experts say coding is one of the human
skills that will become obsolete as artificial intelligence grows. Nevertheless, governments believe coding
is an essential skill. Since 2014, the principles of computer programming have featured on England's
curriculum for children from the age of five or six, when they start primary school. While not all children
will become programmers, Mark Martin, a computing teacher at Sydenham High School, London, argues
that they should learn to understand what makes computers work and try to solve problems as a
computer might.

Options:
1) leads in, raises up, sets off, goes on
2) Till now, Nevertheless, However, After all
3) have featured, had featured, featuring, features
4) endows, makes, glosses, causes
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #111)

108. When to Revise?


Timing is important for revision. Have you noticed that during the school day you get times when you
just don't care any longer? I don't mean the lessons you don't like, but the ones you usually find OK, but
on some occasions, you just can't be bothered with it. You may have other things on your mind, be tired,
restless or looking forward to what comes next. Whatever the reason, that particular lesson doesn't get
100 percent effort from you. The same is true of revision. Your mental and physical attitude is important.
If you try to revise when you are tired or totally occupied with something else, your revision will be
inefficient and just about worthless. If you approach it feeling fresh, alert and happy, it will be so much
easier, and you will learn more, faster. However, if you make no plans and just slip in a little bit of
revision when you feel like it, you probably won't do much revision! You need a revision timetable, so you
don't keep putting it off .

Options:
1) may, never, do, hardly
2) effort, satisfaction, affect, effect
3) support, concern, attitude, health
4) stopping, putting it off, giving it up, putting out
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #110)

109. Paris Opera

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Most important of all is the fact that for each new ballet-pantomime created at the Paris Opera during
the July Monarchy, a new score was produced. The reason for this is simple: these ballet-pantomimes
told stories — elaborate ones — and music was considered an indispensable tool in getting them across
to the audience. Therefore , music had to be newly created to fit each story. Music tailor-made for each
new ballet-pantomime, however, was only one weapon in the Opera's explanatory arsenal. Another was
the ballet-pantomime libretto, a printed booklet of fifteen to forty pages in length, which was sold in the
Operas lobby (like the opera libretto), and which laid out the plot in painstaking detail, scene by scene.
Critics also took it upon themselves to recount the plots (of both ballet-pantomimes and operas) in
their reviews of premieres. So did the publishers of souvenir albums, which also featured pictures of
famous performers and of scenes from favorite ballet-pantomimes and operas.

Options:
1) However, Nevertheless, In fact, Therefore
2) Another, Others, It, Also
3) views, reviews, comments, supervisions
4) performing, performance, performers, performs
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #100)

110. UWS
UWS graduates Racha Abboud and Anna Ford, whose story first appeared in GradLife in December
2009, have successfully risen through the ranks to be appointed Associates at leading western Sydney
law firm, Coleman Greig Lawyers. The promotion marks the culmination of many years of hard work for
these legal eagles who are the first to rise to this level from the firm's Cadet Lawyer program with UWS.

Options:
1) absolutely, successfully, uncertainly, apparently
2) pointed, appointed, assigned, done
3) accusation, culmination, trough, consolation
4) hawks, pigeons, murres, eagles
5) item, level, time, year
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #96)

111. Global Textile Industry


The environmental impact of the global textile industry is hard to overstate. One-third of the water used
worldwide is spent fashioning fabrics. For every ton of cloth produced , 200 tons of water is polluted
with chemicals and heavy metals. An estimated 1 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity powers the factories
that card and comb, spin and weave, and cut and stitch materials into everything from T-shirts to
towels, leaving behind mountains of solid waste and a massive carbon footprint. 'Where the industry is
today is not really sustainable for the long term,' says Shreyaskar Chaudhary, chief executive of Pratibha
Syntex, a textile manufacturer based outside Indore, India. With something of an 'if you build it, they will
come' attitude, Mr.Chaudhary has steered Pratibha toward the leading edge of eco-friendly textile
production. Under his direction, Pratibha began making clothes with organic cotton in 1999. Initially, the
company couldn't find enough organic farms growing cotton in central India to supply its factories. To
meet production demands, Chaudhary's team had to convince conventional cotton farmers to change
their growing methods. Pratibha provided seeds, cultivation instruction, and a guarantee of fair-trade
prices for their crops. Today, Pratibha has a network of 28,000 organic cotton growers across the
central states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa.

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Options:
1) produced, has produced, producing, is produced
2) moving, leaving, processing, looking into
3) against, over, toward, behind
4) have supplied, supplying, to supply, is supplied
5) their, some, mine, them
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #87)

112. Significance of Instinct


What is the significance of instinct in business? Does a reliable gut feeling separate winners from
losers? And is it the most valuable emotional tool any entrepreneur can possess? My observations of
successful company owners lead me to believe that a highly analytical attitude can be a drawback. At
critical junctures in commercial life, risk-taking is more an act of faith than a carefully balanced choice.
Frequently, such moments require decisiveness and absolute conviction above all else. There is simply no
time to wait for all the facts, or room for doubt. A computer program cannot tell you how to invent and
launch a new product. That journey involves too many unknowns, too much luck — and too much sheer
intuition, rather than the infallible logic that machines deliver so well. As Chekhov said: "An artist’s flair
is sometimes worth a scientist's brains" — entrepreneurs need right-brain thinking. When I have been
considering whether to buy a company and what price to offer, I have been blinded too often by reams
of due diligence from the accountants and lawyers. Usually it pays to stand back from such mountains of
grey data and weigh up the really important issues-and decide how you feel about the opportunity.

Options:
1) ideas, thoughts, observations, researches
2) act, importance, art, emphasis
3) decisiveness, patience, confidence, courage
4) journey, mindset, prototype, answer
5) rationale, rule, principle, logic
6) blinded, attracted, allured, deceived
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #83)

113. Ancient Egypt Music


Music was as important to the ancient Egyptians as it is in our modern society. Although it is thought
that music played a role throughout the history of Egypt, those that study the Egyptian writings have
discovered that music seemed to become more important in what is called the ‘pharaonic’ period of their
history. This was the time when the Egyptian dynasties of the pharaohs were established (around 3100
BCE) and music was found in many parts of everyday Egyptian life.

Options:
1) role, game, response, situation
2) need, require, confirm, study
3) predicted, seemed, like, thought
4) period, people, place, race
5) result, range, time, group
6) contributed, established, constructed, raised
7) found at, found, found from, found in
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #98)

114. Very Old Paris

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Paris is very old—there has been a settlement there for at least 6000 years and its shape has been
determined in part by the River Seine, and in part by the edicts of France’s rulers. But the great
boulevards we admire today are relatively new, and were constructed to prevent any more
barricades being created by the rebellious population; that work was carried out in the middle 19th
century. The earlier Paris had been in part a maze of narrow streets and alleyways. But you can imagine
that the work was not only highly expensive, but caused great distress among the half a million or so
residents whose houses were simply razed, and whose neighbourhoods disappeared. What is done
cannot usually be undone, especially when buildings are torn down .

Options:
1) being created, to be created, were created, been created
2) as if, in part, just as, relative
3) evenly, rarely, simply, equally
4) up, across, between, down
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #80)

115. Pidgins
Pidgins are languages that are born after contact between at least two languages. As many pidgins
developed during the period of empire and international trade, one of the language parents was
frequently a European language such as French or English, and the other language parent was the
language of the people with whom the Europeans were trading or whom they were colonising. Usually
one of the languages provided the majority of vocabulary items and the other provided the grammatical
structure. When pidgins become learned as a mother tongue, they become known as creoles. I am not
going to discuss pidgins and creoles and contact languages as such in this book in any depth .

Options:
1) trading, connecting, speaking, talking
2) grammar, vocabulary, knowledge, verbal
3) disguised, captured, known, recommended
4) any width, any depth, further, next time
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #72)

116. Rudman
Rudman looks at how a poor understanding of Maths has led historians to false conclusions about the
Mathematical sophistication of early societies. Rudman's final observation-that ancient
Greece enjoyed unrivaled progress in the subject while failing to teach it at school-leads to
a radical punchline:Mathematics could be better learnt after we leave school.

Options:
1) marked, enjoyed, reviewed, expected
2) waiting, hesitating, hoping, failing
3) radical, rational, radish, radius
4) enter, graduate, leave, go
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #62)

117. MBA Programs


Deciding to go to business school is perhaps the simplest part of what can be a complicated process.
With nearly 600 accredited MBA programs on offer around the world, the choice of where to study can
be overwhelming. Here we explain how to choose the right school and course for you and unravel the

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application and funding process. "Probably the majority of people applying to business school are at a
point in their careers where they know they want to shake things up, but they don't know exactly what
they would like to do with their professional lives," says Stacy Blackman, an MBA admissions consultant
based in Los Angeles. "If that's the case with you, look at other criteria : culture, teaching method,
location, and then pick a place that’s a good fit for you with a strong general management program.
Super-defined career goals don’t have to be a part of this process."

Options:
1) offer, provide, give, take
2) elect, choose, identify, recognize
3) few, many, majority, most
4) enjoy, hesitate, want, choose
5) standards, vectors, rules, criteria
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #68)

118. Origin of Species


In The Origin of Species, Darwin provided abundant evidence that life on Earth has evolved over time,
and he proposed natural selection as the primary mechanism for that change. He observed that
individuals differ in their inherited traits and that selection acts on such differences, leading
to evolutionary change. Although Darwin realized that variation in heritable traits is a prerequisite
for evolution , he did not know precisely how organisms pass heritable traits to their offspring. Just a
few years after Darwin published The Origin of Species, Gregor Mendel wrote a groundbreaking paper
on inheritance in pea plants. In that paper, Mendel proposed a model of inheritance in which organisms
transmit discrete heritable units (now called genes) to their offspring. Although Darwin did not know
about genes, Mendel’s paper set the stage for understanding the genetic differences on which evolution
is based.

Options:
1) differ, difference, differing, differentiate
2) evolving, evolutionary, evolve, evolved
3) evolution, development, growth, maturity
4) a few, little, a little, few
5) Of, In, At, With
6) Although, Despite, However, Even
7) for, as, by, on
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #84)

119. Women in Labour Force


With the increase in women's participation in the labour force, many mothers have less time available to
undertake domestic activities. At the same time, there has been increasing recognition that the father's
role and relationship with a child is important. A father can have many roles in the family, ranging from
income provider to teacher, carer, playmate and role model. Therefore, balancing paid work and family
responsibilities can be an important issue for both fathers and mothers in families.

Options:
1) anticipation, substitution, participation, definition
2) available, related, consumable, useful
3) recognition, discrimination, resolution, recreation
4) scholarship, relationship, worship, employment

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(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #99)

120. Origin of Music


Music is an important part of our lives. We connect and interact with it daily and use it as a way of
projecting our self-identities to the people around us. The music we enjoy — whether it's country or
classical, rock n' roll or rap — reflects who we are. But where did music, at its core, first come from?
It's a puzzling question that may not have a definitive answer. One leading researcher, however, has
proposed that the key to understanding the origin of music is nestled snugly in the loving bond between
mother and child. In a lecture at the University of Melbourne, Richard Parncutt, an Australian-born
professor of systematic musicology, endorsed the idea that music originally spawned from 'motherese'
— the playful voices mothers adopt when speaking to infants and toddlers. As the theory goes, increased
human brain sizes caused by evolutionary changes occurring between one and 2,000,000 years ago
resulted in earlier births, more fragile infants and a critical need for stronger relationships between
mothers and their newborn babies. According to Parncutt, who is based at the University of Graz in
Austria, 'motherese' arose as a way to strengthen this maternal bond and to help ensure an infant's
survival.

Options:
1) means, convinces, shows, reflects
2) freelance, best, unanimous, leading
3) adapt, adopt, sing, forge
4) clinical, chronic, critical, fallow
5) confirm, improve, ensure, enquire
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #742)

121. Standard Language


At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the relationship between standard and nonstandard
language is, evidently, still an uncertain one. We are at a transitional point between two eras. We seem
to be leaving an era when the rules of Standard English, as elected and defined by prescriptive
grammarians, totally conditioned our sense of acceptable usage, so that all other usages and varieties
were considered to be inferior or corrupt, and excluded from serious consideration. And we seem to be
approaching an era when nonstandard usages and varieties, previously denigrated or ignored, are
achieving a new presence and respectability within society, reminiscent of that found in Middle English,
when dialect variation in literature was widespread and uncontentious. But we are not there yet . The
rise of Standard English has resulted in a confrontation between the standard and nonstandard
dimensions of the language which has lasted for over 200 years, and this has had
traumatic consequences which will take some years to eliminate. Once people have been given an
inferiority complex about the way they speak or write, they find it difficult to shake off.

Options:
1) transcendent, separative, distinctive, transitional
2) notable, irreversible, acceptable, possible
3) isolated, suffered, excluded, separated
4) be approached, be approaching, approaching, approach
5) likelihood, respectability, overestimation, discrimination
6) too, yet, neither, either
7) sources, consequences, reasons, orientations
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #737)

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122. Conservancy
To qualify as a conservancy, a committee must define the conservancy' s boundary, elect
a representative conservancy committee, negotiate a legal constitution, prove the committee's ability
to manage funds, and produce an acceptable plan for equitable distribution of wildlife-related benefits.
Once approved, registered conservancies acquire the rights to a sustainable wildlife quota , set by the
ministry.

Options:
1) information, representative, parliamentary, management
2) attract, freeze, borrow, manage
3) moral, equitable, equal, stable
4) integrity, agreement, rights, tools
5) limit, segment, quota, quotation
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #739)

123. Fresh Water


Everybody needs fresh water. Without water, people, animals and plants cannot live. Although a few
plants and animals can make do with saltwater, all humans need a constant supply of fresh water if they
are to stay fit and healthy. Of the total supply of water on the Earth, only about 3 percent of it is fresh,
and most of that is stored as ice and snow at the poles, or is so deep under the surface of the Earth
that we cannot get to it. Despite so much of the water being out of reach, we still have a million cubic
miles of it that we can use. That's about 4,300,000 cubic kilometers of fresh water to share out
between most of the plants, animals and people on the planet.

Options:
1) Without, Despite, As, With
2) excited, here, up, fit
3) wide, hard, deep, common
4) can, won't, don't, cannot
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #738)

124. Guilt and Responsibility


The narrative of law and order is located fundamentally at the level of individual guilt and responsibility.
Criminal acts are seen as individual issues of personal responsibility and culpability , to which the state
responds by way of policing, prosecution , adjudication and punishment. This is but one level at which
crime and criminal justice can be analyzed. The problem is that so often analysis ends there, at the level
of individual action, characterized in terms of responsibility, guilt, evil. In few other areas of social life
does individualism have this hold. To take but one instance , it would be absurd to restrict analysis of
obesity, to individual greed. It should similarly be widely seen as absurd to restrict analysis of criminal
justice issues to the culpability of individuals.

Options:
1) guilty, capability, culpability, reliability
2) persecution, prosecution, execution, inspection
3) combined, characterized, chosen, concluded
4) method, exemplify, instance, reason
5) strict, sophisticate, restrict, stretch
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #734)

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125. Transportation System


A sustainable transportation system is one in which people's needs and desires for access to jobs,
commerce, recreation, culture and home are accommodated using a minimum of resources. Applying
principles of sustainability to transportation will reduce pollution generated by gasoline-powered
engines, noise, traffic congestion, land devaluation, urban sprawl, economic segregation, and injury to
drivers, pedestrians and cyclists. In addition, the costs of commuting, shipping, housing and goods will
be reduced . Ultimately in a sustainable San Francisco, almost all trips to and within the City will be on
public transit, foot or bicycle-as will a good part of trips to the larger Bay Region. Walking through
streets designed for pedestrians and bicycles will be more pleasant than walking through those designed
for the automobile. Street-front retail and commercial establishments will prosper from the large volume
of foot traffic drawn to an environment enhanced by trees, appropriately designed 'street furniture' (
street lights, bicycle racks, benches, and the like) and other people. Rents and property costs will be
lowered as land for off-street parking is no longer required or needed.

Options:
1) reliability, sustainability, sustain, sustainable
2) reduced, enhance, seduced, reducing
3) apart, within, among, away
4) start, inject, control, prosper
5) smaller, longer, most, best
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #733)

126. APS
The APS supports the development of an Australian curriculum for psychological science. The APS
Division of Psychological Research, Education and Training, in consultation with teacher and curriculum
representatives from every State and Territory in Australia, develops a proposed framework for senior
secondary school studies in psychological science. This framework is modeled on the current senior
science curricula that were developed and published by the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and
Reporting Authority. The APS hopes that this framework will facilitate a dialogue between educators and
their local curriculum authority, with the aim of working towards a more consistent approach to the
teaching of psychological science at secondary school level and optimizing the preparation for students
going on to undergraduate psychology studies at university, as well as the effective use of psychological
principles in everyday life.

Options:
1) criticism, consultation, consolation, condolence
2) is developed, develops, had been developing, developed
3) has modeled, to model, is modeled, modeled
4) fertilize, facilitate, fascinate, conduct
5) conjunctive, constituent, consistent, consequent
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #730)

127. Computer
The purpose of this paper is to consider the claim, often made, that computer simulation exercises
provide an excellent source of speaking practice. In so doing I shall first consider the properties of
computer simulations from a theoretical point of view , then describe the experience of using a
particular simulation with a general EFL class. On the basis of this experience, and of some very
straightforward pedagogical considerations, I shall argue that the claim is justified, subject to a very
important caveat: computer simulations can form the basis of excellent speaking exercises, provided you

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do not expect the computer to do all the work. Put in another way, many computer simulations
only attain their full potential as language exercises if they are integrated into a larger, planned, teacher-
managed activity.

Options:
1) shape or form, state of mind, point of view, status quo
2) used, being used, using, having been used
3) subject, reject, expect, inject
4) obtain, attain, retain, remain
5) separated, included, participated, integrated
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #728)

128. Interdisciplinary Centre


A new interdisciplinary center for the study of the frontiers of the universe, from the tiniest subatomic
particle to the largest chain of galaxies, has been formed at The University of Texas at Austin. The
Texas Cosmology Centre will be a way for the university's departments of Astronomy and Physics
to collaborate on research that concerns them both. 'This center will bring the two departments together
in an area where they overlap — in the physics of the very early universe,' said Dr. Neal Evans,
Astronomy Department chair. Astronomical observations have revealed the presence of dark matter and
dark energy, discoveries that challenge our knowledge of fundamental physics. And today's leading
theories in physics involve energies so high that no Earth-bound particle accelerator can test them. They
need the universe as their laboratory . Steven Weinberg, Nobel laureate and professor of physics at the
university, called the Center's advent a very exciting development for that department.

Options:
1) separate, collaborate, participate, cooperative
2) overlapped, overload, overlap, folded
3) enhanced, released, revealed, deluded
4) workshop, library, laboratory, basement
5) adventure, movement, advent, approach
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #722)

129. Spotted Owls


Our analysis of the genetic structure of northern spotted owls across most of the range of the
subspecies allowed us to test for genetic discontinuities and identify landscape features that influence
the subspecies' genetic structure. Although no distinct genetic breaks were found in northern spotted
owls, several landscape features were important in structuring genetic variation. Dry, low elevation valleys
and the high elevation Cascade and Olympic Mountains restricted gene flow, while the lower Oregon
Coast Range facilitated gene flow, acting as a 'genetic corridor.' The Columbia River did not act as a
barrier, suggesting owls readily fly over this large river. Thus, even in taxa such as northern spotted owls
with potential for longdistance dispersal, landscape features can have an important impact on gene flow
and genetic structure.

Options:
1) distinct, distribute, oblivious, rare
2) few, several, much, many
3) hindered, embedded, enabled, facilitated
4) suggesting, demanding, demonstrating, proposing
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #719)

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130. Learning Process


Learning is a process by which behavior or knowledge changes as a result of experience. Learning from
experience plays a major role in enabling us to do many things that we clearly were not born to do, from
the simplest tasks, such as flipping a light switch, to the more complex , such as playing a musical
instrument. To many people, the term ' learning' signifies the activities that students do reading, listening,
and taking tests in order to acquire new information. This process, which is known as cognitive learning,
is just one type of learning, however. Another way that we learn is by associative learning, which is the
focus of this module. You probably associate certain holidays with specific sights, sounds, and smells, or
foods with specific flavors and textures. We are not the only species with this skill even the simplest
animals such as the earthworm can learn by association.

Options:
1) for, above, in, despite
2) composite, compound, complex, manifold
3) activities, matters, habits, routines
4) one, first, any, primary
5) certain, few, uncountable, dependent
6) species, class, types, categories
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #717)

131. Maya
The Classic era of Mayan civilisation came to an end around 900 AD. Why this happened is unclear; the
cities were probably over-farming the land, so that a period of drought led to famine. Recent
geological research supports this, as there appears to have been a 200-year drought around this time.

Options:
1) community, society, civilisation, class
2) time, period, range, phase
3) research, test, examination, exploitation
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #716)

132. Snails
Snails are not traditionally known for quick thinking, but new research shows they can make complex
decisions using just two brain cells in findings that could help engineers design more efficient robots.
Scientists at the University of Sussex attached electrodes to the heads of freshwater snails as they
searched for lettuce. They found that just one cell was used by the mollusc to tell if it was hungry or not,
while another let it know when food was present. Foodsearching is an example of goal-directed
behavior, during which an animal must integrate information about both its external environment and
internal state while using as little energy as possible. Lead researcher Professor George Kemenes, say
"This will eventually help us design the 'brain' of robots based on the principle of using
the fewest possible components necessary to perform complex tasks." What goes on in our brains when
we make complex behavioral decisions and carry them out is poorly understood." Our study reveals for
the first time how just two neurons can create a mechanism in an animal's brain which drives and
optimizes complex decision-making tasks.

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Options:
1) findings, results, recommendations, decisions
2) because, although, but, as
3) that, if, neither, how
4) through, about, during, to
5) least, less, fewest, few
6) shall, should, can, ought
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #715)

133. English in Change


English has been changing throughout its lifetime and it's still changing today. For most of us, these
changes are fine as long as they're well and truly in the past. Paradoxically, we can be curious about
word origins and the stories behind the structures we find in our language, but we experience a queasy
distaste for any change that might be happening right under our noses. There are even language critics
who are convinced that English is dying, or if not dying at least being progressively crippled through long
years of mistreatment. For example, many people in Australia worry about their language and its
relationship with its powerful relative, American English. In particular, they express concern for the
'Americanisation' of the language — it's a hot topic here in Australia.

Options:
1) scared, cranky, worried, curious
2) ruptures, indications, values, structures
3) enlarge, expect, deal, experience
4) satisfied, persuaded, reassured, convinced
5) crippled, lost, disabled, dented
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #714)

134. Scientists
Scientists make observations, have assumptions and do experiments . After these have been done, he
got his results . Then there are a lot of data from scientists. The scientists around the world have
a picture of world.

Options:
1) thinking, hyperbole, principles, assumptions
2) experiments, essays, assignments, thesis
3) proofs, evidence, numbers, results
4) digits, static, figure, data
5) look, idea, view, picture
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #705)

135. Sleep Patterns


Children have sound sleep patterns. They can soundly sleep for 8-9 hours and get up at a fixed time. But
teenagers don't. Their sleep patterns are influenced by their erratic schedules, in which they sometimes
have more classes but sometimes have fewer. Despite these factors, they actually need longer sleep
and insufficient sleep may be responsible for their learning problems.

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Options:
1) soundly, successfully, hardly, barely
2) effected, influenced, gained, diverged
3) expressive, erratic, explicit, erroneous
4) Regardless, Despite, As, Unless
5) uneven, insufficient, unequal, default
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #699)

136. Australian Women Novelists


In the literary world, it was an accepted assumption that the 1970s was a time of unprecedented growth
in homegrown Australian fiction. And everybody was reading and talking about books by young Australian
women. But it was not until recently that a researcher was able to measure just how many novels were
published in that decade, and she found that there had been a decline in novels by Australian writers
overall, but confirmed an increase in women's novels. It is this sort of research - testing ideas about
literary history - that is becoming possible with the spread of 'Digital Humanities.' The intersection of
Humanities and digital technologies is opening up opportunities in the fields of literature, linguistics,
history and language that were not possible without computational methods and digitized resources
to bring information together in an accessible way. Transcription software is being developed for turning
scans of books and documents into text, as the field of digital humanities really takes off .

Options:
1) not until, until, impossible, till
2) there will have been, there may be, there had been, there being
3) should become, must become, is becoming, will become
4) is opened to, is opening up, is opened up, is opening to
5) were not possible, was not possible, could be possible, can be possible
6) squeeze, bring, muddle, stow
7) in, off, on, over
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #698)

137. Business
One distinguishing feature of business is its economic character. In the world of business, we interact
with each other not as family members, friends, or neighbors, but as buyers and sellers , employers and
employees, and the like. Trading, for example, is often accompanied by hard bargaining, in which both
sides conceal their full hand and perhaps engage in some bluffing. And a skilled salesperson is
well- versed in the art of arousing a customer's attention (sometimes by a bit of puffery) to clinch the
sale. Still, there is an "ethics of trading" that prohibits the use of false or deceptive claims and tricks
such as "bait-and-switch" advertising.

Options:
1) sellers, solicitors, tellers, traders
2) accompanied, customized, complimented, accomplished
3) engage, thrive, flourish, conduct
4) informed, staffed, known, versed
5) deal, motivate, make, clinch
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #692)

138. Investment Choice


Men and women are making different choices about their retirement savings, which could lead to very

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different investment outcomes, according to Dr Claire Matthews, Director of Financial Planning at


Massey University's Centre for Banking Studies. Speaking at the 2012 New Zealand Finance Colloquium,
held at Massey University's Albany campus last week, Dr Matthews said demographic characteristics had
a substantial impact on the choices people made about KiwiSaver funds and retirement savings more
generally. When it came to fund selection, she found there were significant differences based on gender.
Men are more likely to invest in aggressive and growth funds, while women are more likely to choose
conservative funds. "Males are risk takers, whether it's in their choice of car or their investment fund,"
she says. "But when it comes to long-term savings, risk taking can actually be an advantage." Dr
Matthews also found that men are more likely than women to have prior savings when joining KiwiSaver.
Just over half of male respondents said they had savings already, while only 38% of women did. "These
figures reflect and confirm, quite disappointingly, the difference between males and females and the
level of interest they take in financial planning," Dr Matthews says. "It's important for all New Zealanders
to be better educated about their personal finances, but this is particularly so for women." Other
demographic factors, including age, ethnicity, education, and income, can also influence the
choices being made about retirement savings. Dr Matthews found that those with bachelor and higher
degrees, and those in households with a pre-tax income of $100,000 or more, were more likely to
choose aggressive and growth funds. On the other hand , both the youngest and oldest age groups were
more likely to be invested in conservative funds. While this might be appropriate for the life-cycle stage
of older investors, it might not be so appropriate for younger, longer-term investors.

Options:
1) Apart from, In spite of, As far as, When it came to
2) either, only, unless, whether
3) being, been, have, were
4) retrogressive, steady, challenging, growth
5) To be honest, Last but not least, For example, On the other hand
6) constructive, compensative, consecutive, conservative
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #691)

139. Distance Learning


Distance learning can be highly beneficial to a large variety of people from young students wanting to
expand their horizons to adults looking for more job security. With programs that allow learners of all
ages to take courses for fun, personal advancement and degrees , distance learning can meet the needs
of a diverse population. Perhaps one of the most notable and often talked about advantages of distance
learning is the flexibility. The majority of programs allow students to learn when and where it's
convenient for them. For those who are struggling to balance their distance learning goals with working
a fulltime job and taking care of a family this kind of flexibility can allow many people
to pursue education who would not otherwise be able to do so. Since there are no on-campus courses
to attend, students can learn from their own homes, at work on their lunch breaks and from virtually
anywhere with internet access. For some it can even be a big source of savings on the fuel costs and
time required to commute to classes.

Options:
1) conformations, discriminations, abhorrences, degrees
2) claim, achieve, devise, meet
3) definitions, factors, advantages, defaults
4) they, them, those, that
5) obey, accelerate, test, pursue
6) Due to, Thus, Besides, Since

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(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #687)

140. Language
Language comes so naturally to us that it is easy to forget what a strange and miraculous gift it is. All
over the world members of our species fashion their breath into hisses and hums and squeaks and pops
and listen to others do the same . We do this, of course, not only because we like the sounds but
because details of the sounds contain information about the intentions of the person making them. We,
humans, are fitted with a means of sharing our ideas, in all their unfathomable vastness. When we listen
to speech, we can be led to think thoughts that have never been thought before and that never would
have occurred to us on our own.

Options:
1) genre, category, group, species
2) same, so, liking, correspondence
3) intentions, activities, determinations, attempts
4) rendering, loading, turning, sharing
5) appeared, occurred, risen, opened
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #686)

141. Allergies
What are allergies? Allergies are abnormal immune system reactions to things that are typically harmless
to most people. When you're allergic to something, your immune system mistakenly believes that this
substance is harmful to your body. Substances that cause allergic reactions- such as certain foods,
dust, plant pollen, or medicines- are known as allergens. In an attempt to protect the body, the immune
system produces IgE antibodies to that allergen. Those antibodies then cause certain cells in the body
to release chemicals into the bloodstream, one of which is histamine (pronounced: HIS-tuh-meen). The
histamine then acts on the eyes, nose, throat, lungs, skin, or gastrointestinal tract and causes the
symptoms of the allergic reaction. Future exposure to that same allergen will trigger
this antibody response again. This means that every time you come into contact with that allergen, you'll
have some form of allergy symptoms.

Options:
1) mistakenly, misleadingly, involuntarily, unprovokedly
2) protect, preserve, equip, hedge
3) dissolve, thicken, release, crystallize
4) focuses, targets, reacts, acts
5) antigen, counter, antibody, psychological
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #680)

142. Classic
One of the most important things to remember is that "classic" does not necessarily translate to
"favorite" or "bestselling". Literature is instead considered classic when it has stood the test of time and
it stands the test of time when the artistic quality it expresses - be it an expression of life, truth, beauty,
or anything about the universal human condition - continues to be relevant and continues to inspire
emotional responses, no matter the period in which the work was written . Indeed, classic literature is
considered as such regardless of book sales or public popularity. That said, classic
literature usually merits lasting recognition - from critics and other people in a position to influence such
decisions - and has a universal appeal. And, while effective use of language as well as technical
excellence - is a must, not everything that is well-written or is characterized by technical achievement or

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critical acclaim will automatically be considered a classic. Conversely, works that have not been
acknowledged or received positively by the writer's contemporaries or critics can still be considered as
classics.

Options:
1) quality, facade, bid, clime
2) written, writing, write, to write
3) regardless of, lacking of, related with, based on
4) exclusively, usually, merely, consequently
5) imposingly, positively, efficiently, arguably
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #679)

143. Leadership
Leadership is all about being granted permission by others to lead their thinking. It is a bestowed moral
authority that gives the right to organize and direct the efforts of others. But moral authority does not
come from simply managing people effectively or communicating better or being able to motivate. It
comes from many sources , including being authentic and genuine, having integrity, and showing a real
and deep understanding of the business in question. All these factors build confidence. Leaders lose
moral authority for three reasons: they behave unethically , they become plagued by self-doubt and lose
their conviction, or they are blinded by power, lose self-awareness and thus lose connection with those
they lead as the context around them changes. Having said all this, it has to be assumed that if someone
becomes a leader, at some point they understood the difference between right and wrong. It is up to
them to abide by a moral code and up to us to ensure that the moment we suspect they do not, we fire
them or vote them out.

Options:
1) foundations, origins, outcomes, sources
2) objects, functions, elements, factors
3) falsely, outrageously, eternally, unethically
4) contempt, associate, connection, convection
5) abide, remain, stand, conform
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #678)

144. Oxford Course


When I enrolled in my master's course at Oxford last year, I had come straight from medical school with
the decision to leave clinical science for good. Thinking back, I realize that I didn't put very
much weight on this decision at the time. But today, I more clearly understand the consequences of
leaving my original profession. When I meet old friends who are now physicians and surgeons, I sense
how our views on medical problems have diverged .They scrutinize the effects of disease and try to
eliminate or alleviate them; I try to understand how they come about in the first place. I feel happier
working on this side of the problem, although I do occasionally miss clinical work and seeing patients.
However, when I think about the rate at which my medical skills and knowledge have dissipated , the
years spent reading weighty medical textbooks, the hours spent at the bedside, I sometimes wonder if
these years were partly a waste of time now that I am pursuing a research career. Nonetheless, I know
the value of my medical education. It is easy to forget the importance of the biosciences when working
with model organisms in basic research that seem to have nothing to do with a sick child or a suffering
elderly person. Yet, I still have vivid memories of the cruel kaleidoscope of severe diseases and of how
they can strike a human being. I hope to retain these memories as a guide in my current occupation.

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Options:
1) attention, weight, accumulation, denotation
2) subsequences, consequences, successors, successions
3) apart, diverged, converged, diversified
4) disappeared, disclosed, dispersal, dissipated
5) consumption, waste, misuse, splash
6) strike, kill, pounce, encounter
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #674)

145. Dictatorship
Dictatorship is not a modern concept. Two thousand years ago, during the period of the Roman
Republic, exceptional powers were sometimes given by the Senate to individual dictators such as Sulla
and Julius Caesar. The intention was that the dictatorship would be temporary and that it would make
it possible to take swift and effective action to deal with an emergency. There is some disagreement as
how the term should be applied today. Should it be used in its original form to describe the temporary
exercise of emergency powers? Or can it now be applied in a much broader sense as common usage
suggests?

Options:
1) exclusive, individual, inclusive, special
2) significance, intention, effort, meaning
3) patient, urgent, immediate, possible
4) agreement, treatment, treaty, disagreement
5) applied, corresponded, avoided, responded
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #669)

146. Zika
Zika is more pernicious than public health officials anticipated. At present, it is circulating in more than
50 countries. And as of mid-May, seven countries or territories have reported cases of microcephaly or
other serious birth defects linked to the virus, which is transmitted by mosquito bite, blood transfusion or
sexual contact with an infected human. It can also be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy.
Despite Zika's vast range over almost 70 years, there is little genetic difference among the various
strains, according to an analysis by researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
For example, the strain currently in the Americas and another previously detected in French Polynesia are
practically indistinguishable from each other (group in white box). If the virus has changed so little over
time, why is it rearing its ugly head now? Scientists are not sure yet, but new experimental work in
mosquitoes suggests that the virus was capable of causing detrimental health effects and outbreaks all
along. Therefore, it is unlikely mutations enabled new abilities. Instead, public health officials probably did
not understand Zika's potential because the virus circulated mostly in remote locations until recently.

Options:
1) transmitted, had been transmitted, was transmitted, is transmitted
2) range, extent, number, domain
3) identical, indistinguishable, odd, different
4) shaping, pressing, causing, making
5) is circulated, circulates, are circulated, circulated
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #666)

147. Divorce in Australia

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In 2005, 109,000 new marriages were registered in Australia. This was equivalent to 5.4 marriages for
every 1,000 people in the population. This rate has been in an overall decrease since 1986 when there
were 7.2 marriages per 1,000 people. Over the same period, the crude divorce rate has remained
relatively unchanged with 2.6 divorces for every 1,000 people in 2005 and 2.5 divorces per 1,000 people
in 1986. The greatest annual number of divorces occurred in 2001 when there were 55,300 divorces
recorded. This peak has been followed by recent declines, with 52,400 divorces in 2005. As well as
marrying less, Australians are tending to marry later than in the past. In 1986, the median age at first
marriage for men was 25.6 years, increasing to 30.0 years in 2005. For women, the median age at first
marriage increased from 23.5 years in 1986 to 28.0 years in 2005. People are also divorcing at older
ages. In 2005, the median age of divorcing men was 43.5 years, compared with 37.5 years in 1986,
while for women the median age in 2005 was 40.8 compared with 34.7 years in 1986. The decline in
marriage rates and increase in divorce rates has led to a decrease in the level of the population that is
formally married. In 1986, 60% of the population aged 15 years and over were married; by 2001 this
proportion had decreased to 55%. Conversely , the proportion of the population aged 15 years and over
who were never married increased from 29% in 1986 to 32% in 2001.

Options:
1) reduce, decrease, increase, degrade
2) crude, moderate, singular, sporadic
3) greatest, minimal, excessive, counterfeit
4) unlikely, tending, yet, pretending
5) discussion, level, comparison, stage
6) Uniquely, Conversely, Consequently, Obviously
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #664)

148. DNA
DNA is a molecule that does two things. First, it acts as the hereditary material, which is passed down
from generation to generation. Second, it directs, to a considerable extent, the construction of our
bodies, telling our cells what kinds of molecules to make and guiding our development from a single-
celled zygote to a fully formed adult. These two things are of course connected . The DNA sequences
that construct the best bodies are more likely to get passed down to the next generation because well-
constructed bodies are more likely to survive and thus to reproduce. This is Darwin's theory of natural
selection stated in the language of DNA.

Options:
1) acquired, familial, nutritional, hereditary
2) establishing, guiding, pushing, determining
3) supplanted, connected, paralleled, required
4) thus, yet, namely, nevertheless
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #662)

149. Japan and China


At times, a broad stream of knowledge flowed from China to Japan. At other times, this transfer
was halted from one side or the other, and Japan developed on its own culture. But whether in isolation
or not, Japan was always itself. Everything that arrived from China was adapted to suit Japanese tastes
and needs.

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Options:
1) expanded, changed, flowed, extended
2) halted, heaved, described, started
3) cared, invented, developed, betrayed
4) produced, stipulated, arrived, gathered
5) forced, disrupted, adopted, adapted
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #616)

150. Fingerprint (Incomplete)


Points: Fingerprints, referred to as “fingermarks” in forensics, are formed when residue from the ridged
skin of the fingers or palms is [transferred] onto a surface, leaving behind an impression. Fingermarks
are often made of sweat and colorless [contaminating]materials such as soap, moisturizer and grease.
These fingermarks are described as “latent as they are generally invisible to the naked eye, which means
that [locating] them at a crime scene can be challenging.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #653)

151. Cardona Salt Mountain


Formed two million years ago when low-density salt was pushed up through the much harder materials
surrounding it, the Cardona Salt Mountain is one of the largest domes of its kind in the world, and
unique in Europe. While small amounts of other minerals pervade the savory hill, the salt pile would
have a near translucent quality if not for the thin layer of reddish clay coating the exterior.
The significance of the mountain was recognized as early as the middle ages when Romans began
exploiting the mountain for its salt, which began to bolster the young Cardonian economy . With the
invention of industrial mining techniques, a mine was built into the side of the mountain and a thriving
facility formed at its base as excavators dragged enormous amounts of potash (water-soluble) salt from
the innards of the hill. In addition to the mineral export, the locals of Cardona began making salt
sculptures to sell and invented a number of hard, salty pastries unique to the area.

Options:
1) would have, have had, has, has had
2) significant, significance, significantly, signify
3) correspondence, economy, accordance, economist
4) ratio, addition, interest, adaption
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #647)

152. Viper
The horned desert viper's ability to hunt at night has always puzzled biologists. Though it lies with
its head buried in the sand, it can strike with great precision as soon as prey appears. Now, Young and
physicists Leo van Hemmen and Paul Friedel at the Technical University of Munich in Germany have
developed a model of the snake’s auditory system to explain how the snake 'hears' its prey without really
having the ears for it. Although the vipers have internal ears that can hear frequencies between 200 and
1000 hertz, it is not the sound of the mouse scurrying about that they are detecting. 'The snakes don't
have external eardrums ,' says van Hemmen. So unless the mouse wears boots and starts stamping, the
snake won’t hear it.'

Options:
1) hand, head, chest, feet
2) sense, system, appliance, tools
3) eyeballs, eardrums, eyes, hearings

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(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #637)

153. Water Security


Equally critical is the challenge of water security. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) has pointed
out that about one-third of the world's population lives in countries with moderate to high water stress,
with a disproportionate impact on the poor. With current projected global population growth, the task of
providing water for human sustenance will become increasingly difficult. And increasing competition over
this scarce but vital resource may fuel instability and conflict within states as well as between states.
The UN is doing a great deal in both areas to proactively foster collaboration among Member States.
UNEP has long been actively addressing the water issue together with partner UN agencies and other
organizations. Looking ahead, the UN can do more to build synergies of technology, policy and capacity
in this field. In this regard , events like the annual World Water Week in Stockholm come to the forefront
of the public mind when talking about championing water issues.

Options:
1) singular, equal, disproportionate, improper
2) sustainability, living, maintenance, sustenance
3) conflict, collaboration, association, merging
4) agencies, cooperates, partners, companies
5) regard, speculation, consideration, level
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #627)

154. Fingerprints
Fingerprints can prove that a suspect was actually at the scene of a crime. As long as a human entered a
crime scene, there will be traces of DNA. DNA can help the police to identify an individual to crack a
case. An institute in London can help preserve DNA and be used to match with the samples taken from
the crime scenes.

Options:
1) present, prove, show, illustrate
2) know, figure, realise, identify
3) preserve, install, protect, save
4) specimen, results, samples, data
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #626)

155. Trip (Incomplete)


Points: It's a (trip) to Germany not for leisure but for Germany exchange. This is the worst flight I have
ever been on ...in my life, I have (before)... We were originally from Amsterdam, I arrived half an hour later
than the due time when that plane took off, but our plane was late, we took another plane and flew
somewhere, and the result was still wrong, landed at another airport, a few one a hundred kilometers
away from my destination. We could only wait for the next (connecting) flight to continue the journey,
for which I had waited for (another) one and half hour. No wonder we all hoped to go home straight
away.
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #617)

156. Generosity
Americans approached a record level of generosity last year. Of the $260.28bn given to charity in 2005,
76.5 percent of it came from individual donors . These people gave across the range of nonprofit bodies,
from museums to hospitals to religious organizations, with a heavy emphasis on disaster relief after the

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Asian tsunami and US hurricanes. In total, Americans gave away 2.2 per cent of their household income
in 2005, slightly above the 40-year average of 2.1 per cent.

Options:
1) donors, accounts, businessmen, honors
2) analysis, imagination, emphasis, hypothesis
3) sovereignty, coverage, average, indebtedness
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #614)

157. Canadian Arctic


This summer, 41 UBC alumni and friends participated in expeditions to the Canadian Arctic and the
legendary Northwest Passage. Presentations, conversations and learning accompanied their exploration
of the great outdoors aboard the Russian-flagged Akademik Ioffe, designed and built in Finland as a
scientific research vessel in 1989. Her bridge was open to passengers virtually 24 hours a day. Experts
on board presented on topics including climate change, wildlife, Inuit culture and history, and early
European explorers. UBC professor Michael Byers presented on the issue of Arctic sovereignty,
a growing cause of debate as ice melts, new shipping routes open, and natural
resources become accessible. Recommended pre-trip reading was late UBC alumnus Pierre Bertons
book, The Arctic Grail.

Options:
1) outdoors, view, outside, scene
2) board, boat, ship, sea
3) slight, growing, disappearing, growth
4) were becoming, had become, become, became
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #611)

158. Business Schools


In an attempt to lure new students, leading business schools — including Harvard, Stanford, the
University of Chicago and Wharton – have moved away from the unofficial admissions pre-requisite of
four years’ work experience and instead have set their sights on recent college graduates and so-called
‘early career professionals with only a couple years of work under the belt .

Options:
1) punish, teach, encourage, lure
2) offer, exclusion, prepare, pre-requisite
3) rather than, instead, hardly, no longer
4) professionals, winners, leaders, teachers
5) bell, belt, management, protect
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #602)

159. Folklore
Folklore, a modern term for the body of traditional customs, superstitions, stories, dances, and songs
that have been adopted and maintained within a given community by processes of repetition is not
reliant on the written word. Along with folk songs and folktales, this broad category of cultural forms
embraces all kinds of legends, riddles, jokes, proverbs, games, charms, omens, spells, and rituals,
especially those of pre-literate societies or social classes. Those forms of verbal expression that are
handed on from one generation or locality to the next by word of mouth are said to constitute an
oral tradition .

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Options:
1) activity, achievement, symbol, body
2) family, community, organization, immunity
3) experience, category, experiment, use
4) development, transmission, word, transition
5) tone, condition, prediction, tradition
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #601)

160. Zero-gravity
Researchers already know that spending long periods of time in a zero-gravity environment —such as
that inside the International Space Station (ISS) — results in loss of bone density and damage to the
body’s muscles . That’s partly why stays aboard the ISS are restricted at six months. And now, a number
of NASA astronauts are reporting that their 20/20 vision faded after spending time in space, with many
needing glasses once they returned to Earth.

Options:
1) planet, weather, climate, environment
2) enhancement, damage, gain, recovery
3) muscles, flexibility, development, action
4) allowed, excessive, timed, restricted
5) voices, smelling, vision, hearing
6) disappeared, fatigued, faded, strengthened
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #606)

161. David Lynch


David Lynch is professor and head of education at Charles Darwin University. Prior to this he was sub
dean in the Faculty of Education and Creative Arts at Central Queensland University and foundation
head of the University’s Noosa campus . David’s career in education began as a primary school teacher
in Queensland in the early 1980’s and progressed to four principal positions before entering higher
education. David’s research interests predominate in teacher education with particular interest in
building teacher capability to meet a changed world.

Options:
1) After, Prior, Last, Before
2) campus, place, camp, college
3) projected, processed, pronounced, progressed
4) leaving, hiring, entering, having
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #590)

162. One City


One city will start to attract the majority of public or private investment. This could be due
to natural advantage or political decisions. This in turn will stimulate further investment due to the
multiplier effect and significant rural-to-urban migration. The investment in this city will be at
the expense of other cities.

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Options:
1) majority, minority, density, quality
2) fetal, natural, birth, neutral
3) push, operate, stimulate, give
4) significant, rather, not, so
5) experience, expanse, expense, exercise
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #589)

163. Higher Education Funding


Financing of Australian higher education has undergone dramatic change since the early 1970s. Although
the Australian Government provided regular funding for universities from the late 1950s, in 1974
it assumed full responsibility for funding higher education — abolishing tuition fees with the intention of
making university education affordable to all Australians who had the ability and who wished to
participate in higher education. Since the late 1980s, there has been a move towards greater private
contributions, particularly student fees. In 1989, the Australian Government introduced the Higher
Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) which included a loans scheme to help students finance their
contributions. This enabled university to remain accessible to students by delaying their payments until
they could afford to pay off their loans. In 2002, the Australian Government introduced a scheme similar
to HECS for postgraduate students - the Postgraduate Education Loan Scheme (PELS). Funding for
higher education comes from various sources. This article examines the three main sources - Australian
Government funding, student fees and charges, and HECS. While the proportion of total revenue raised
through HECS is relatively small, HECS payments are a significant component of students' university
costs, with many students carrying a HECS debt for several years after leaving university. This article
also focuses on characteristics of university students based on their HECS liability status, and the level
of accumulated HECS debt.

Options:
1) change, appeal, exhaustion, plateau
2) assumed, subsumed, presumed, consumed
3) without, automatically, with, particularly
4) access, inaccessible, accessibility, accessible
5) produced, carried, remembered, introduced
6) expenses, payments, profit, revenue
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #580)

164. Herbal
A herbal is a book of plants, describing their appearance, their properties and how they may be used for
preparing ointments and medicines. The medical use of plants is recorded on fragments of papyrus and
clay tablets from ancient Egypt, Samaria and China that date back 5,000 years but document traditions
far older still. Over 700 herbal remedies were detailed in the Papyrus Ebers, an Egyptian text written in
1500 BC. Around 65 BC, a Greek physician called Dioscorides wrote a herbal that was translated into
Latin and Arabic. Known as ‘De materia medica’, it became the most influential work on medicinal plants
in both Christian and Islamic worlds until the late 17th century. An illustrated manuscript copy of the text
made in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) survives from the sixth century. The first printed herbals
date from the dawn of European printing in the 1480s. They provided valuable information for
apothecaries, whose job was to make the pills and potions prescribed by physicians. In the next century,
landmark herbals were produced in England by William Turner, considered to be the father of British
botany, and John Gerard, whose illustrations would inspire the floral fabric, wallpaper and tile designs of

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William Morris four centuries later.

Options:
1) registered, recorded, memorized, discovered
2) moved, interpreted, translated, removed
3) preserves, revives, suffers, survives
4) instructed, pointed, prescribed, determined
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #622)

165. Anesthetics
Before effective anaesthetics, surgery was very crude and very painful. Before 1800, alcohol and opium
had little success in easing pain during operations. Laughing gas was used in 1844 in dentistry in the
USA, but failed to ease all pain and patients remained conscious. Ether (used from 1846) made patients
totally unconscious and lasted a long time. However, it could make patients cough during operations and
sick afterwards. It was highly flammable and was transported in heavy glass bottles. Chloroform (used
from 1847) was very effective with few side effects. However, it was difficult to get the dose right and
could kill some people because of the effect on their heart. An inhaler helped to regulate the dosage.

Options:
1) little, a little, few, a few
2) contained, retained, remained, released
3) has transported, was transported, had transported, have transported
4) rather than, because of, but, due
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #612)

166. Hairstyles
With their punk hairstyles and bright colors, marmosets and tamarins are among the most attractive
primates on earth. These fast-moving, lightweight animals live in the rainforests of South America. Their
small size makes it easy for them to dart about the trees, catching insects and small animals such as
lizards, frogs, and snails. Marmosets have another unusual food source - they use their chisel-like
incisor teeth to dig into tree bark and lap up the gummy sap that seeps out, leaving telltale, oval-shaped
holes in the branches when they have finished. But as vast tracts of rainforest are cleared for plantations
and cattle ranches, marmosets and tamarins are in serious danger of extinction.

Options:
1) brings, makes, takes, claims
2) originality, provenience, source, origin
3) skin, branches, mouth, ground
4) fatal, endangered, safe, danger
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #630)

167. Sales Jobs


Sales jobs allow for a great deal of discretionary time and effort on the part of the sales representatives
- especially when compared with managerial, manufacturing, and service jobs. Most sales
representatives work independently and outside the immediate presence of their sales managers.
Therefore, some form of goals needs to be in place to help motivate and guide their performance. Sales
personnel are not the only professionals with performance goals or quotas. Health care professionals
operating in clinics have daily, weekly, and monthly goals in terms of patient visits. Service personnel are
assigned a number of service calls they must perform during a set time period. Production workers in

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manufacturing have output goals. So, why are achieving sales goals or quotas such a big deal? The
answer to this question can be found by examining how a firm's other departments are affected by how
well the company's salespeople achieve their performance goals. The success of the business hinges
on the successful sales of its products and services. Consider all the planning, the financial, production
and marketing efforts that go into producing what the sales force sells. Everyone depends on the sales
force to sell the company's products and services and they eagerly anticipate knowing things are going.

Options:
1) huge, great, few, big
2) helping motivate and guide, to help motivate and guide, have helped motivate and guide, help
motivate and guide
3) have displayed, must perform, are reforming, can take
4) leads to, hinges on, is set to, is set on
5) producing what, consuming as, protecting that, producing where
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #618)

168. Sales Activities


Organizations need to integrate their sales activities more both internally and with customers' needs
according to a new book co-authored by an academic at the University of East Anglia. The
book addresses how sales can help organizations to become more customer-oriented and considers
how they are responding to challenges such as increasing competition, more demanding customers and
a more complex selling environment. Many organizations are facing escalating costs and a growth in
customer power, which makes it necessary to allocate resources more strategically. The sales function
can provide critical customer and market knowledge to help inform both innovation and marketing.
However, the authors say that within the industry there is still uncertainty about the shape a future sales
team should take, how it should be managed, and how it fits into their organization's business model.

Options:
1) predicts, stipulates, addresses, writes
2) demanding, aggressive, friendly, needy
3) which, this, that, where
4) that, there, which, it
5) applies, suits, fits, develops
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #581)

169. Settlement
Over the last ten thousand years there seem to have been two separate and conflicting building
sentiments throughout the history of towns and cities. One is the desire to start again, for a variety of
reasons: an earthquake or a tidal wave may have demolished the settlement, or fire destroyed it, or the
new city marks a new political beginning. The other can be likened to the effect of a magnet: established
settlements attract people, who tend to come whether or not there is any planning for their arrival. The
clash between these two sentiments is evident in every established city unless its development has been
almost completely accidental or is lost in history. Incidentally, many settlements have been planned from
the beginning but, for a variety of reasons, no settlement followed the plan. A good example is
Currowan, on the Clyde River in New South Wales, which was surveyed in the second half of the 19th
century, in expectation that people would come to establish agriculture and a small port. But no one
came.

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Options:
1) It, What, One, That
2) highlights, starts, marks, protrudes
3) hesitate, ought, turn, tend
4) whereas, whatever, if, unless
5) has been surveyed, had surveyed, be surveyed, was surveyed
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #579)

170. Video Conference


Never has the carbon footprint of multi-national corporations been under such intense scrutiny. Inter-
city train journeys and long-haul flights to conduct face-to-face business meetings contribute
significantly to greenhouse gases and the resulting strain on the environment. The Anglo-US company
Teliris has introduced a new video-conferencing technology and partnered with the Carbon Neutral
Company, enabling corporate outfits to become more environmentally responsible. The innovation allows
simulated face-to-face meetings to be held across continents without the time pressure or
environmental burden of international travel. Previous designs have enabled video-conferencing on a
point-to-point, dual-location basis. The firm's VirtuaLive technology, however, can bring people
together from up to five separate locations anywhere in the world - with unrivaled transmission quality.

Options:
1) create, conduct, produce, generate
2) gases, strain, affect, steam
3) pressure, limit, stress, press
4) separate, each, single, respectively
5) unreasonable, unrealistic, unreliable, unrivaled
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #574)

171. Pollination
According to a research conducted by Cambridge University, flowers can find their own ways to attract
insects to help them pollinate. Flowers will release an irresistible smell. A scientist and her colleagues did
an experiment in which they use fake flowers to attract bees and insects. In their experiments, they freed
many bumblebees from their origins repeatedly and got the same results.

Options:
1) strange, wired, irresistible, uncomfortable
2) friends, children, colleagues, relatives
3) dens, destinations, origins, tastes
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #571)

172. Spanish Language


If after years of Spanish classes, some people still find it impossible to understand some native
speakers, they should not worry. This does not necessarily mean the lessons were wasted. Millions of
Spanish speakers use neither standard Latin American Spanish nor Castilian, which predominate in US
schools. The confusion is partly political - the Spanish-speaking world is very diverse. Spanish is the
language of 19 separate countries and Puerto Rico. This means that there is no one standard dialect.
The most common Spanish dialect taught in the US is standard Latin American. It is sometimes called
"Highland" Spanish since it is generally spoken in the mountainous areas of Latin America. While each
country retains its own accents and has some unique vocabulary, residents of countries such as Mexico,
Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia generally speak Latin American Spanish, especially in urban centers. This

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dialect is noted for its pronunciation of each letter and its strong "r" sounds. This Spanish was spoken in
Spain in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and was brought to the Americas by the early colonists.
However, the Spanish of Madrid and of northern Spain, called Castilian, developed characteristics that
never reached the New World. These include the pronunciation of "ci" and "ce" as "th." In Madrid,
"gracias" (thank you) becomes "gratheas" (as opposed to "gras-see-as" in Latin America). Another
difference is the use of the word "vosotros" (you all, or you guys) as the informal form of "ustedes" in
Spain. Castilian sounds to Latin Americans much like British English sounds to US residents.

Options:
1) usually, only, particularly, necessarily
2) evolve, proceed, precede, predominate
3) mountainous, coastal, rocky, hidden
4) accents, actions, authority, thoughts
5) elucidation, remembering, pronunciation, collection
6) normality, characteristics, problems, distinguishes
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #551)

173. Definition of Country


What is a country, and how is a country defined? When people ask how many countries there are in the
world, they expect a simple answer. After all, we've explored the whole planet, we have international
travel, satellite navigation and plenty of global organizations like the United Nations, so we should really
know how many countries there are! However, the answer to the question varies according to whom you
ask. Most people say there are 192 countries, but others point out that there could be more like 260 of
them. So why isn't there a straightforward answer? The problem arises because there isn't a universally
agreed definition of 'country' and because, for political reasons, some countries find it convenient to
recognize or not recognize other countries.

Options:
1) very, whole, only, total
2) for, while, but, so
3) Few, All, Most, Least
4) those, their, other, all
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #559)

174. Ocean Floor


The ocean floor is home to many unique communities of plants and animals. Most of these marine
ecosystems are near the water surface, such as the Great Barrier Reef, a 2,000-km long
coral formation off the northeastern coast of Australia. Coral reefs, like nearly all complex living
communities, depend on solar energy for growth (photosynthesis). The sun's energy, however, penetrates
at most only about 300 m below the surface of the water. The relatively shallow penetration of solar
energy and the sinking of cold, subpolar water combine to make most of the deep ocean floor
a frigid environment with few life forms. In 1977, scientists discovered hot springs at a depth of 2.5 km,
on the Galapagos Rift (spreading ridge) off the coast of Ecuador. This exciting discovery was not
really a surprise .Since the early 1970s, scientists had predicted that hot springs (geothermal vents)
should be found at the active spreading centers along the mid-oceanic ridges, where magma, at
temperatures over 1,000° Presumably was being erupted to form new oceanic crust. More exciting,
because it was totally unexpected ,was the discovery of abundant and unusual sea life - giant tube
worms, huge clams, and mussels - that thrived around the hot springs.

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Options:
1) system, reality, structure, formation
2) versatile, frigid, warm, perfect
3) a surprise, any chance, some sign, climax
4) no expectation, undermined, unexpected, predictable
5) struggling, died, thrived, exists
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #552)

175. Burger King


Drive down any highway,and you'll see a proliferation of chain restaurants—most likely, if you travel
long and far enough you'll see McDonald's golden arches as well as signs for Burger King, Hardee's, and
Wendy's the 'big four' of burgers. Despite its name, though Burger King has fallen short of claiming the
burger crown, unable to surpass market leader McDonald's No. 1 sales status. Always the bridesmaid and
never the bride, Burger King remains No 2. Worse yet, Burger King has experienced a six-year 22
percent decline in customer traffic, with its overall quality rating dropping while ratings for the other
three contenders have increased. The decline has been attributed to inconsistent product quality and
poor customer service. Although the chain tends to throw advertising dollars at the problem, an
understanding of Integrated Marketing Communication theory would suggest that internal management
problems (nineteen CEOs in fifty years) need to be rectified before a unified, long-term strategy can be
put in place. The importance of consistency in brand image and messages, at all levels of
communication, has become a basic tenet of IMC theory and practice. The person who takes the
customer's order must communicate the same message as Burger King's famous tagline, 'Have it your
way,' or the customer will just buzz up the highway to a chain restaurant that seems more consistent
and, therefore, more reliable .

Options:
1) filing, claiming, winning, getting
2) participants, contenders, cooperators, contestants
3) dedicated, contributed, devoted, attributed
4) rectified, ratified, realized, recognized
5) importance, pressure, incumbency, ignorance
6) available, reliable, quality, disputable
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #554)

176. Impressionist
Impressionism was a nineteenth century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based
artists who started publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. Characteristics of Impressionist painting
include visible brush strokes, light colors, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing qualities
(often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, and unusual visual
angles. The name of the movement is derived from Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise (Impression,
soleil levant). Critic Louis Leroy inadvertently coined the term in a satiric review published in Le
Charivari. Radicals in their time, early Impressionists broke the rules of academic painting. They began by
giving colors, freely brushed, primacy over line, drawing inspiration from the work of painters such as
Eugene Delacroix. They also took the act of painting out of the studio and into the world. Previously, not
only still-lives and portraits, but also landscapes had been painted indoors, but the Impressionists found
that they could capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by painting air (in plain air).

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Options:
1) emphasized, emphasis, emphatic,, emphasize
2) deriving, have derived, derive, is derived
3) inspiration, inspiring, inspired, inspire
4) act, actor, action, active
5) capture, carry, conduct, culminate
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #547)

177. Pinker
In a sequence of bestsellers, including The Language Instinct and How the Mind Works, Pinker has
argued the swathes of our mental, social and emotional lives may have originated as evolutionary
adaptations, well suited to the lives our ancestors eked out on the Pleistocene savannah. Sometimes it
seems as if nothing is immune from being explained this way. Road rage, adultery, marriage, altruism,
our tendency to reward senior executives with corner offices on the top floor, and the smaller number of
women who become mechanical engineers — all may have their roots in natural selection, Pinker claims.
The controversial implications are obvious: that men and women might differ in their inborn abilities at
performing certain tasks, for example, or that parenting may have little influence on personality.

Options:
1) regarded, described, assimilated, originated
2) prohibited, convinced, immune, protected
3) needs, roots, demands, values
4) differ, complicate, indulge, interested
5) more, some, small, little
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #544)

178. Egg-eating Snakes


Egg-eating snakes are a small group of snakes whose diet consists only of eggs. Some eat only small
eggs, which they have to swallow whole , as the snake has no teeth. Instead, some other snakes eat
bigger eggs, but it requires special treatment . These snakes have spines that stick out from the
backbone. The spines crack open the egg as it passes through the throat.

Options:
1) food, meal, snack, diet
2) total, entire, whole, all
3) thinking, treatment, food, supplement
4) about, on, by, out
5) down, up, out, open
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #570)

179. Smoking Happiness


On March 18th, we told you that smoking doesn't make people happy. Well, we hear you ask, what will
make me happy? What? What?! Ok, first, relax. Then, take out your wallet. Because according to a study
published in the March 21st issue of Science, giving money to other people is what brings us joy.
Scientists from Boston and British Columbia got to wondering whether money really can buy happiness.
They were bothered by the fact that over the past 20 or 30 years, people in the US and other developed
countries have been making much more money—yet our happiness has pretty much flatlined . What they
found is that money can buy happiness. But only when you spend it on someone else. In one experiment,
the scientists asked volunteers to rate their happiness. Then they gave each subject some cash, either 5

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or 20 dollars. Half the participants were told to spend the money on themselves. The others were asked
to give it away. At the end of the day, the folks who got the biggest boost were the ones who spread
the wealth, even if it was only five bucks. So if you want to be happy, here's a big tip: always leave a big
tip.

Options:
1) resorting, coursing, according, assorting
2) disentangled, adapted, charted, bothered
3) capsized, umpired, flatlined, trioxide
4) render, rate, lend, ramp
5) filaments, participants, nonbelligerents, thimblefuls
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #292)

180. Below-ground Organisms


"If you want to find unique diversity and if you want to find a wide range of different below-ground
organisms, you don't have to travel around the world. You can walk across Central Park." That statement
comes from Noah Fierer, an ecology and evolutionary biology professor at the University of Colorado,
Boulder. He's also a coauthor of a study that uncovered the surprisingly large diversity of subterranean
microbial life at the 843-acre green rectangle in the heart of Manhattan. The research is in the
Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Investigators looked at 596 separate soil samples from the park and
found thousands of different types of microbes . They also compared those microbes with those living in
52 other soil samples taken from all around the planet. The park had organisms that also exist in
deserts, frozen tundra, forests, rainforests and prairies. Antarctica was the only area that had microbes
that did not overlap with those found in Central Park. And only a small percentage of the park's microbes
were found to be already listed in databases. The variety of microbes probably reflects a diversity of soil
conditions within the park. Seems that New York is a melting pot for people above the surface. And for
microbes beneath it.

Options:
1) thankfully, diversity, scantily, audacity
2) different, coincident, impressionist, inconsiderate
3) holler, propaganda, pastor, coauthor
4) separate, subjugate, waved, wage
5) pageants, maestros, microbes, sidestrokes
6) biogas, rainforests, land, rangeland
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #55)

181. Friday the 13th


It's Friday the 13th. "You've gotta ask yourself a question: 'Do I feel lucky?'" If you don't, you could
be suffering from triskaidekaphobia. That's a fear of the number 13. Napoleon, Herbert Hoover and FDR
are well-documented triskaidekaphobics. But why do folks think 13 is unlucky? Particularly when it falls
on a Friday, as it will three times this year? The University of Delaware's Thomas Fernsler is known as
Dr. 13. He's an expert on the number's bad reputation, which may date back to biblical times. After all,
the 13th guest at the Last Supper was Judas. And you know how that worked out for Jesus, who was
crucified on a Friday. Other factoids from Fernsler: The first person to die in a car accident was killed in
New York City on September the 13th in 1899, although that was a Wednesday . And the ill-fated flight
of Apollo 13 launched at the 13th minute of the 13th hour Central Standard Time on April 11th, 1970. And
the numerals in the date 4/11/70 add up to 13! As long as you don't include the 19 in 1970. Hey,
sometimes superstition can be hard work. Today, some tall buildings lack a 13th floor. Well, they have a

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13th floor, but they call it the 14th floor. Because the purveyors of bad luck are apparently easily fooled.
Meanwhile, over in France, panicky Parisian party-throwers can even hire a quatorziéme, a professional
14th guest. Like Judas, Mark Twain was allegedly once poised to be the 13th guest at a dinner party. A
superstitious friend warned the very rational Twain not to go. But Twain went. "It was bad luck," he later
remarked. "They only had food for 12."

Options:
1) steppes, concierge, sixpence, yourself
2) suffering, contacting, resurfacing, gravelling
3) Frivolously, Timorously, Particularly, Magnificently
4) although, sho, sloe, forego
5) Wimpy, Severely, Nifty, Wednesday
6) launched, reenforced, permafrost, debouched
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #42)

182. Brain
For decades, scientists have used an imaging technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging,
or fMRI, to chronicle the brain in action. But a study in the January 22nd issue of Nature suggests that
fMRI might show more than what the brain is doing—it might reveal what the brain's about to do. FMRI
studies assume that blood flow in the brain correlates with neuronal activity . Active brain cells
need nutrients , which are brought to the cells by freshly oxygenated blood. But in the new study,
scientists found that fMRI also detects increased blood flow in brain regions that aren't active—but that
may be in the near future. The researchers trained monkeys to perform a specific visual task. And they
found that, even when the animals were sitting in the dark waiting for the test to begin, fMRI
nevertheless revealed an increased blood flow to the monkeys' visual cortex. The study suggests that
fMRI data may be a lot more interesting than we thought. Scientists may be looking at their imaging data
in a way that's too simplistic. And fMRI may not be measuring exactly what we thought it did. What will
they think of next? Maybe fMRI can tell.

Options:
1) chronicle, exploit, pilgrimize, archive
2) tangles, correlates, conjugates, fluctuates
3) activity, connectivity, limbo, plenty
4) nutrients, molecules, arteries, chemicals
5) increased, ceased, clotting, weakened
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #39)

183. Australia and New Zealand


Australia and New Zealand have many common links. Both countries were recently settled by Europeans,
are predominantly English speaking and in that sense, share a common cultural heritage . Although in
close proximity to one another, both countries are geographically isolated and have small populations by
world standards . They have similar histories and enjoy close relations on many fronts. In terms of
population characteristics , Australia and New Zealand have much in common. Both countries have
minority indigenous populations, and during the latter half of the 20th century have seen a steady stream
of migrants from a variety of regions throughout the world. Both countries have experienced similar
declines in fertility since the high levels recorded during the baby boom, and alongside this have enjoyed
the benefits of continually improving life expectancy. One consequence of these trends is that both
countries are faced with an ageing population, and the associated challenge of providing appropriate
care and support for this growing group within the community.

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Options:
1) heritage, asset, appearance, prestige
2) statistics, standards, authorities, records
3) senses, characteristics, aspects, directions
4) experienced, expected, compensated, estimated
5) associated, favourable, comprehensive, irrevocable
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #12)

184. Honorary Degree


Victoria University of Wellington has conferred an honorary degree on a distinguished astrophysicist in a
recent graduation ceremony. Professor Warrick Couch received the honorary degree of Doctor of
Science for his remarkable contribution to our knowledge of galaxies and dark energy. Professor Couch
is a distinguished astrophysicist who has played a crucial role in the discovery that the Universe is
expanding at an accelerating rate, a finding which led to the lead scientists being awarded a Nobel Prize
in Physics in 2011, which he attended in recognition of his contribution. In his research, Professor Couch
uses large ground-based and space-based telescopes to observe galaxy clusters, which are the largest
Structures in the Universe. He is also involved in a number of national and international committees
overseeing the management of these telescopes. In addition to his own research activities, Professor
Couch has worked to support young researchers and provide public comment on astronomy
internationally.

Options:
1) was receiving, received, had received, is received
2) led, played, done, found
3) who, they, those, which
4) As a result of, Instead of, In addition to, Regarding
(APEUni Website / App FIBRW #1)

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Multiple Choice (Multiple)


1. Language Learners (Incomplete)
Points: Four or five paragraphs about what difficulties English language learners are faced with in the
UK. The final paragraph mentions that language learners fear to go for healthcare. Options: seeking
higher education; finding a translator; make a living; (True) meeting with doctor. (True)
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #127)

2. Turks and Caicos (Incomplete)


Points: The Turks and Caicos Islands are a multi-island archipelago at the southern tip of the Bahamas
chain, approximately 550 miles south-east of Florida. The islands are an overseas territory' of the United
Kingdom although they exercise a high degree of local political autonomy. The economy of the islands
rests mainly on tourism, with some contribution from offshore banking and fishing. Primary schooling is
divided into eight grades, with most pupils entering at the age of four years and leaving at twelve. After
two kindergarten years, Grades 1-6 are covered by a graded curriculum in maths, language, and science
that increases in difficulty as pupils get older. There is little repetition and pupils are expected to
progress through primary school in their age cohorts. At the end of primary schooling, pupils sit an
examination that serves to stream them in the secondary setting. Primary and secondary school
enrolment is virtually universal. There are a total of ten government primary schools on the Islands. Of
these, seven are large enough to organize pupils into single-grade classrooms. Pupils in these schools
are generally grouped by age into mixed-ability' classes. The remaining three schools, because of their
small pupil numbers, operate with multigrade groupings. They serve communities with small populations
whose children cannot travel to a neighboring larger primary school. Pupils in these classes span up to
three grade and age groups. As far as classroom organization is concerned, the multigrade and
monograde classrooms are similar in terms of the number of pupils and the general seating
arrangements, with pupils in rows facing the blackboard. There is no evidence that the multigrade
teachers operate in a particularly resource-poor environment in the Turks and Caicos Island. This is in
contrast to studies conducted in other developing country contexts. Question 1: In the last paragraph,
what information can you have? Options: Multigrade and monograde have similar teaching resource; In
this area multigrade is better than that in other countries. Question 2:According to the text, which of
the following statements can be concluded about primary classes in the Turks and Caicos Islands?
Options: Multigrade classes are mostly found in smaller schools; Most primary pupils are in mixed-
ability classes.
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #105)

3. Children Care (Incomplete)


Points: 要点:关于child care 。 选项:government child care 更有效;(答案) 带mother的选项。(答
案)
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #91)

4. Optional Courses (Incomplete)


Points: 要点:关于美国的教育制度,提到secondary school和high school。 本来提供很多课程是为了学⽣可
以向⾃⼰喜欢的⽅向发展,结果学⽣只是和关系好的⼈选同⼀⻔或选容易的课程,使得课程设置原本的⽬的没
有达到。 选项:结果不如intended那样;(答案) 学⽣可以⾃主选择课程。(答案)
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #90)

5. Jails (Incomplete)
Points: About prison with a lot of numbers, including the percentage of prisoners, what crimes they have

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bee imprisoned for and how long they will be kept in.
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #88)

6. (Incomplete)
Points: 要点:关于新能源公交⻋electronic buses, 提到两个公司,公司1占有市场份额的60%。 government
购买这种bus to be environmentally friendly。 选项:A: 政府为了环保购买这种bus ;(答案) B: 公司1的
market share⼤于公司2 ;(答案)
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #87)

7. Pink Tube (Incomplete)


Points: A picture of a wild duke with the caption 'pink tube'. The duke has a pink tube circling on its
ankle. One of the reasons why ducks are decreasing is that they enter fishing areas mistakenly and are
caught by fishing nets. Question:Which of the following statements are true? Option:Pink tubes
protect ducks from being caught by fishing nets.
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #85)

8. ANZAC (Incomplete)
Points: ANZAC(Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) in the battle field of World War One in
Gallipoli, Turkey. Options:ANZAC has profound impacts on modern Australians' values; (True) Soldiers
threw grenades against those on the other side; (True, according to 'back and forth' in the first
paragraph, because ANZAC was close enough to the target) Many people were used in the construction
of defense works; 13,000 Turks died; (False) Those dead soldiers had come from other campaigns;
(False) ANZAC invaded Turkey.(False)
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #74)

9. History of Sleep
Original:
September 2, 1752, was a great day in the history of sleep. That Wednesday evening, millions of British
subjects in England and the colonies went peacefully to sleep and did not wake up until twelve days
later. Behind this feat of narcoleptic prowess was not same revolutionary hypnotic technique or
miraculous pharmaceutical discovered in the West Indies. It was, rather, the British Calendar Act of 1751,
which declared the day after Wednesday 2nd to be Thursday 14th. Prior to that cataleptic September
evening, the official British calendar differed from that of continental Europe by eleven days—that is,
September 2 in London was September 13 in Paris, Lisbon, and Berlin. The discrepancy had sprung from
Britain's continued use of the Julian calendar, which had also been the official calendar of Europe from
its invention by Julius Caesar (after whom it was named) in 45 B.C. until the decree of Pope Gregory XIII
in 1582. Caesar's calendar, which consisted of eleven months of 30 or 31 days and a 28-day February
(extended to 29 days every fourth year), was actually quite accurate: it erred from the real solar calendar
by only 11.5 minutes a year. After centuries, though, even a small inaccuracy like this adds up. By the
sixteenth century, it had put the Julian calendar behind the solar one by 10 days. In Europe, in 1582,
Pope Gregory XIII ordered the advancement of the Julian calendar by 10 days and introduced a new
corrective device to curb further error: century years such as 1700 or 1800 would no longer be counted
as leap years, unless they were (like 1600 or 2000) divisible by 400.

Question:
What factors were involved in the disparity between the calendars of Britain and Europe in the 17th
century?

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Options:
A) the provisions of the British Calendar Act of 1751
B) Britain's continued use of the Julian calendar
C) the accrual of very minor differences between the calendar used in Britain and real solar events
D) the failure to include years divisible by four as leap years
E) the decree of Pope Gregory XIII
F) revolutionary ideas which had emerged from the West Indies
G) Britain's use of a calendar consisting of twelve months rather than eleven

Answer:
B, C, E
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #52)

10. Andalucia
Original:
Here is a part of Spain's sun-baked Andalucia that is extraordinary not only because of its unspoiled
terrain and authentic Spanish traditions but also because of its caves. These are not dark, damp holes,
with dripping water and evil smells. They are residences, ancient Bronze Age dwellings now being
refurbished for hundreds of 21st century Spaniards. In Galera, the region's most important village, it's
estimated that there are at least 1,000 such habitations carved into its hillsides. We take old caves
renovate them, then sell them on, says Rob Oakley, office manager of leading developer Galera
enterprises. Our company was set up by someone who discovered the area of Galera when it was just a
tourist attraction 15 years ago and saw its potential. The ancient abodes are transformed from rough
caves into relatively luxurious homes, equipped out with amenities like electricity and sewage, phone
lines, running hot water, even internet connections.

Question:
Which of the following words in the passages have the same meaning as 'residences' has?

Options:
A) Abodes
B) Amenities
C) Connections
D) Dwellings
E) Habitations
F) Hillsides
G) Terrain

Answer:
A, D, E
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #51)

11. Decision
Original:
By the laws of probability, most decisions made under pressure should be flawed ones, yet psychologists
have found that people routinely make correct judgments most of the time, even with limited information.
One of Gladwell's surprising points is that we can actually learn how to make better snap judgments, in
the same way that we can learn logical, deliberative thinking. But first we have to accept the idea that
thinking long and hard about something does not always deliver us better results, and that the brain
actually evolved to make us think on our feet.

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Question:
Which of the following does the passage tell us about decision making?

Options:
A) The brain is designed to enable quick decision making.
B) Quick decision making can be improved.
C) Quick decision making routinely leads to error.
D) To make correct decisions we require all relevant information.
E) Thinking things through thoroughly will lead to greater success.

Answer:
A, B
(APEUni Website / App RMCM #50)

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Re-order Paragraphs
1. Mass of Tree (Incomplete)
Points: To measure the tree mass, you have to know the height of the tree. But the height is difficult to
measure because you do not know where the highest point of the tree is. Another difficulty is that you
should have mass of trees of the same kind and from the same area as a reference. Trees of the same
kind are similar but is easily influenced by environment. 'cut down' is mentioned.
(APEUni Website / App RO #573)

2. Food and Water (Incomplete)


Points: People can live several days on fat in the body without eating food. But without drinking water,
people ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #572)

3. Amazon Drought (Incomplete)


Points: In 1930s, Amazon had droughts. In 2000-2005 a large area of rainforest had droughts, too. One
of them lasted for a year. Scientists are concerned with this long-term consequence.
(APEUni Website / App RO #571)

4. Coral Reefs
Correct Order:
1) Coral reefs support more marine life than any other ocean ecosystem and are, not surprisingly, a
favorite pursuit for many divers.
2) But as well as being physically and biologically spectacular, coral reefs also sustain the livelihoods of
over half a billion people.
3) What is more, this number is expected to double in coming decades while the area of high-quality
reef is expected to halve.
4) In combination with the very real threat of climate change, which could lead to increased seawater
temperatures and ocean acidification, we start to arrive at some quite frightening scenarios.
(APEUni Website / App RO #570)

5. Notion of Engineering (Incomplete)


Points: Sentence 1: The England tend to adopt ... approach. Sentence 2: The France tend to adopt ...
approach so they have developed fast in some areas, which is called different branches of engineering.
Sentence 3: The scientists have formed a small community, ... secrets within ... Sentence 4: The notion of
engineering ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #569)

6. Crab
Correct Order:
1) The last time you splurged on a live lobster for dinner, you might not have given any thought to how
much the little guy was going to suffer as he boiled to death.
2) Until recently many researchers believed the crustacean nervous system too primitive to process pain.
3) Scientists at Queen's University in Belfast now think that crustaceans may be more sensitive to pain
than previously thought.
4) And they found that crabs that experienced an electric shock when they hid under a safe, dark rock
would eventually learn to avoid the hiding place.
(APEUni Website / App RO #566)

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7. Age (Incomplete)
Points: Four sentences about humans not animals. One of the sentences is 'we are/ were all age/ages.'
(APEUni Website / App RO #565)

8. Project (Incomplete)
Points: Sentence 1. A boss and his employees do a project. Sentence 2. If you are shortlisted you will be
invited to an interview. Sentence 3. We will provide you ... Sentence 4. When the project is finished, you
should hand in a ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #564)

9. Darwin
Correct Order:
1) Charles Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 into a rich and powerful family.
2) His paternal grandfather was Erasmus Darwin, a famous scientist who came up with his own theory of
evolution, while his maternal grandfather was Josah Wedgwood, of pottery fame.
3) Despite this, for the first decades of his life Darwin failed to distinguish himself, first dropping out of
medical studies in Edinburgh because he hated the sight of blood, and subsequently entering Cambridge
to study for the profession of clergyman very much as second option.
4) Yet Darwin was gaining great skill as an amateur naturalist and it was this that allow him to seize the
opportunity presented when he was offered an unpaid position as scientist on board the Beacle, a naval
surveying ship bound for the farthest corners of the globe.
5) The five-year voyage was the making of Darwin, providing him with the wealth of observations of the
natural world that established him as one of the foremost scientists of his age and provided the raw
material for his revolutionary theory.
(APEUni Website / App RO #185)

10. Ada (Incomplete)


Points: Ada was the poet Byron's daughter. Many people waited to see if Ada had the potential same as
her father's. Her mother, who had a title of countess, did not want the daughter to be a person like the
father since Ada's birth. So she only cultivated the daughter's interest in maths and science.
(APEUni Website / App RO #563)

11. Travel (Incomplete)


Points: Travel is luxury and ... Until now travel has been very expensive. With the development of
accommodation, travel has become convenient.
(APEUni Website / App RO #562)

12. Palm Oil (Incomplete)


Points: Originally palm oil was produced in Africa. The fruit of a golf size produces palm oil. With the
increase of demand, other continents began to grow this fruit.
(APEUni Website / App RO #561)

13. Agriculture (Incomplete)


Points: NRC(NEC?) ... agriculture ... technology ... ... institution released a publication about agriculture,
then researched technologies related to agriculture ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #560)

14. E-waste (Incomplete)

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Points: Many electric appliances are mentioned, including digital gadgets and MP3 players. The e-waste
will be disposed. '2021' is mentioned.
(APEUni Website / App RO #559)

15. Learning in Childhood (Incomplete)


Points: Sentence 1: Children learn how to read and write in childhood. Sentence 2: ... 5 years they learn
to ... Sentence 3: At the age of 5 ... Sentence 4: ... they start understanding logos ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #558)

16. Temperature Measurement (Incomplete)


Points: Four sentences about temperature rising. In 1980 ... was used to measure temperature. Earlier
than the invention of thermometer, ... was used to measure temperature.
(APEUni Website / App RO #557)

17. Meerkats
Correct Order:
1) Meerkats, a small group-living mongooses in southern Africa, have been so extensively studied and
filmed that we can follow individuals through their lives like characters in an animal soap opera.
2) The Kalahari Desert meerkats, Suricata Suricatta, have been followed over generations.
3) They are so habituated to humans that they will climb on and off weighing scales when a scientist
wants to weigh an animal.
4) It is remarkable that behavior, which at one time could only be observed by dedicated field workers, is
now readily available for all of us to see.
(APEUni Website / App RO #556)

18. Leaf Structure


Correct Order:
1) The natural structure found within leaves could improve the performance of everything from
rechargeable batteries to high-performance gas sensors, according to an international team of
scientists.
2) The researchers have designed a porous material that utilises a vascular structure, such as that found
in the veins of a leaf, and could make energy transfers more efficient.
3) The material could improve the performance of rechargeable batteries, optimising the charge and
discharge process and relieving stresses within the battery electrodes, which, at the moment, limit their
life span.
4) The same material could be used for high performance gas sensing or for catalysis to break down
organic pollutants in water.
(APEUni Website / App RO #555)

19. Takeaway Meals


Correct Order:
1) Over time, fashion and people's tastes change.
2) Such changes affect the demand for products and services.
3) Changes in work patterns tend to mean that fewer families sit down in the evening for a traditionally
produced family meal, often because a lack of time.
4) Consequently, people are now more likely to buy takeaway meals or convenience food, as opposed to
ingredients for meals that take time to prepare.
5) In contrast, people now tend to spend more time shopping and are therefore more likely to spend time

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relaxing in a coffee shop or restaurant while on a shopping trip.


(APEUni Website / App RO #554)

20. Locomotion
Correct Order:
1) Researchers need to understand why different forms of locomotion evolved.
2) Long-held assumptions, such as the need for energy efficiency, have already been overturned.
3) For example, a mechanical ankle brace can improve the metabolic efficiency of human walking,
implying that walking is inefficient.
4) But variation of movement is important, too: such an ankle brace holds you back if you try to skip,
gallop or skitter.
5) Similarly, legged robots struggle to deploy different gaits, just as roboticists struggle to enumerate
them.
(APEUni Website / App RO #549)

21. Mandarin
Correct Order:
1) Mandarin is the most common language in the world as it is the official language of Mainland China,
Taiwan, and one of the official languages of Singapore.
2) Thus, Mandarin is commonly referred to as ‘Chinese’.
3) But in fact, it is just one of many Chinese languages.
4) Depending on the region, Chinese people also speak Wu, Hunanese, Jiangxinese, Hakka, Min, and
many other languages.
5) Even in one province, there can be multiple languages spoken. For example, in Fujian province, you
can hear Min, Fuzhounese, and Mandarin being spoken, each being very distinct from the other.
(APEUni Website / App RO #496)

22. Answering Question


Correct Order:
1) You must take account of how many marks are available for each part when you answer it.
2) Even if you think you can write more, don't spend 15 minutes answering a part worth only 5 marks.
Leave space at the end of your answer and come back to it if you have time to spare later.
3) And if you can't think of an answer to some part, leave a space and move on to the next part.
4) Don't write about something else if you don't know the correct answer — this is just a waste of your
valuable time (and the examiner's).
(APEUni Website / App RO #407)

23. US Manufacturing (Incomplete)


Points: Five sentences. ... increased job opportunities ... ... manufacturing in US ... ... automation
improves efficiency ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #393)

24. Poincaré
Correct Order:
1) Poincaré had an especially interesting view of scientific induction.
2) Laws, he said, are not direct generalizations of experience; they aren’t mere summaries of the points
on the graph.
3) Rather, the scientist declares the law to be some interpolated curve that is more or less smooth and

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so will miss some of those points.


4) Thus a scientific theory is not directly falsifiable by the data of experience; instead, the falsification
process is more indirect.
(APEUni Website / App RO #377)

25. Sun Light (Incomplete)


Points: Sentence 1.The sun ... light ..... Sentence 2. It provides .... for plants ... Sentence 3. Trees use this
sunlight .... chemical energy ... Sentence 4.This energy ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #391)

26. Huawei Program (Incomplete)


Points: Sentence 1.Huawei offers college students a certification program. Sentence 2. The program
includes various training. Sentence 3. The program exempts students from exam fees. Sentence 4. The
fee for the program used to be 200 or 500 dollars each student.
(APEUni Website / App RO #389)

27. Women Force (Incomplete)


Points: Sentence 1: During wars, women have to go to work. Sentence 2: Women earn less a half of
what men earn. Sentence 3: Women do not have the same physical strength as men have. Sentence 4:
But men stress on their own contribution when men will come back after wars.
(APEUni Website / App RO #386)

28. Brain and Body (Incomplete)


Points: About how mind and body affect each other…… First they explain the process how brain affects
body then how body affects brain….. Four sentences in total.
(APEUni Website / App RO #381)

29. Photogrammetry
Correct Order:
1) Photogrammetry involves taking hundreds of photos of an object at slightly different angles and
‘stitching’ them together to create an interactive digital 3D model.
2) The process is already being used by the University of Aberdeen’s anatomy department to create
digital models of organs and other body parts to aid teaching and learning for young doctors.
3) Now the same technology is being used to create virtual replicas of artifacts within the University’s
museum’s collections, including an ancient Egyptian mummified cat, prehistoric skulls and ancient Greek
pottery.
4) These artifacts are rarely handled as they are so fragile.
5) Photogrammetry lets the public and students get to see them close-up and in very high detail.
(APEUni Website / App RO #374)

30. Rectangle and Square (Incomplete)


Points: Sentence 1: A rectangle also has four sides. Sentence 2: The only difference is that rectangles'
all four sides are not equal. Sentence 3: Two short lines equal to each other. Sentence 4: Two long lines
(make some angle?) ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #289)

31. Farming (Incomplete)


Points: Sentence 1: We have to develop agriculture because the population is so large. Sentence 2: We

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should develp large and complex machines. Sentence 3: A person is called ..., and does ... Sentence 4:
We should invent more simple machines for wider use.
(APEUni Website / App RO #288)

32. Invention of Electronics (Incomplete)


Points: 1. The invention of electronics has become a challenge. 2. An Indian university persuaded IT
service department to have an Electronic Recycling Collection Day. 3. During these days, people are
encouraged to recycle their e-waste instead of throwing them into the bin. 4. On certain days
throughout the year, many electronic devices like …. 5. From families and households … have been
recycled…. 200,000 electronic products had been recycled in 2010.
(APEUni Website / App RO #283)

33. Pronunciation (Incomplete)


Points: Grammar is very important... Vocabulary also provides... However, pronunciation is also
important... but it isn't taught. Pronunciation is ...
(APEUni Website / App RO #266)

34. Child Temptation(孩⼦的诱惑)


Correct Order:
1) A four-to-six-year-old child sits alone in a room at a table facing a marshmallow on a plate.
2) The child is told: if you don't eat this treat for 15 minutes you can have both this one and a second
one.
3) Kids on average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow.
4) The longer a child can resist the temptation has been correlated with higher general competency later
in life.
(APEUni Website / App RO #259)

35. Essential Skill(必要技能)


Correct Order:
1) Many of us happily drive a car without understanding what goes on under the bonnet.
2) So is it necessary for children to learn how to program computers?
3) After all, some experts say coding is one of the human skills that will become obsolete as artificial
intelligence grows.
4) Nevertheless, governments believe coding is an essential skill.
(APEUni Website / App RO #255)

36. O'Keeffe
Correct Order:
1) O'Keeffe never formally recorded her theories about art.
2) She did, however, leave a long trail of interviews and letters that reveal how she approached her
painting practice—and the rituals, experiences, and environments that inspired her.
3) Correspondence with her husband, photographer Alfred Stieglitz, in particular, offers a raw, honest
glimpse into O'Keeffe's creative mind.
4) The two exchanged 25,000 pages of letters between 1915 and 1946, during which time she found her
voice as an artist: first, through her flower paintings, and later, through landscapes and surrealistic still
lifes inspired by her mountainous, skull-studded surroundings in New Mexico.
(APEUni Website / App RO #250)

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37. Actors' Performance


Correct Order:
1) In a wonderful set of studies and subsequent book, Elly A. Konijn looked to the question of how much
actors are aware of their performance as they perform it, and how much they let the character 'take
over'.
2) She asked Dutch actors to rate their own emotions and the emotions of the characters they were
playing across a range of affective states (from disgust and anxiety to tenderness and pleasure).
3) She found that positive emotions were often felt by the actors as they played those character's
emotions.
4) However, the more negative the emotion of the character, the less likely the actor would report feeling
that emotion onstage
(APEUni Website / App RO #244)

38. Financial Literacy


Correct Order:
1) It is easy to assume that a programme of financial literacy can be set up quite quickly but there are
numerous potential pitfalls which hold back a clear start time.
2) This is because when working with a variety of partners the potential for delays increase enormously.
3) There can be problems contacting organisers, difficulties in negotiating dates and times, problems
finding suitable accommodation and general procrastination on the pan of people who may have
conflicting priorities.
4) In addition, there may be a need to provide group members with childcare facilities, which can add to
the difficulty of finding suitable accommodation, equipment and staffing.
(APEUni Website / App RO #243)

39. Understanding Differences(了解差异)


Correct Order:
1) Around 1 billion people depend on water resources originating from the Hindu-Kush Karakoram
Himalayan region, attributable to both rainfall and melting of snow and ice.
2) The wind in the valleys in the region plays an important role in transporting clouds and moisture and
redistributing snow in the valleys, and so understanding what drives this wind is crucial.
3) Around the world, wind in valleys generally travels up the valley, and up the sides of mountains, during
the day.
4) This is often driven by differences in pressure caused by the slopes of the mountains and the shape
of the valleys.
(APEUni Website / App RO #238)

40. Brain Function


Correct Order:
1) The brain is our most treasured possession.
2) It coordinates our movements, our words, our relationships, and the ability to pass on our genes.
3) Our body therefore protects the organ fiercely: The central nervous system polices particles traveling
through the bloodstream and invites only the safest into our cognitive chamber.
4) This selective process occurs due to a proactive boundary known as the blood-brain barrier.
5) The barrier serves a vital role, but is also poses a tremendous challenge for scientists developing
drugs to treat brain-based disorders.
(APEUni Website / App RO #236)

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41. Hand Language (Incomplete)


Points: 要点:⼿语包括了body posture、肢体语⾔,等等,因其的complexity,⼿语很少有⼈教。不过AI的
发展会解决这个问题。
(APEUni Website / App RO #232)

42. Superpower (Incomplete)


Points: 1)The 'superpower' has international text, which means having control on resources and ...
political power 2) It's including 3) In terms of "green superpower", .... 4) In addition to the green energy
superpower, companies should meet above global average ... emissions and .
(APEUni Website / App RO #213)

43. Center of Health(国际健康中⼼)


Correct Order:
1) University of Otago Centre of International Health co-directors Professor Philip Hill and Professor
John Crump share a view that global health is a multidisciplinary activity.
2) In their work from Tanzania to the Gambia, from Myanmar to Indonesia and beyond, they tap into a
wide range of expertise from across the University, including clinicians, microbiologists and molecular
microbiologists, public health experts, economists and mathematicians.
3) They have also forged relationships and collaborations with research and aid agencies around the
world.
4) For the past seven years Professor Philip Hill has been part of a collaborative tuberculosis research
project in Indonesia, with the University of Padjadjaran in Bandung, West Java, undertaking European-
Commission-funded research into the causative links between infectious and non-communicable
diseases, which in this case are tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus.
(APEUni Website / App RO #221)

44. Nightinggale
Correct Order:
1) The data to be reported here come from a longitudinal study of the untutored acquisition of English as
a second language by a five-year-old Japanese girl whom we shall call Uguisu, nightingale in Japanese.
2) Her family came to the United States for a period of two years while her father was a visiting scholar
at Harvard, and they took residence in North Cambridge, a working-class neighborhood.
3) The children in that neighborhood were her primary source of language input.
4) Uguisu also attended public kindergarten for two hours every day, and later elementary school, but
with no tutoring in English syntax.
(APEUni Website / App RO #219)

45. Food Label (Incomplete)


Points: 1. she said people should know what nutrition to be eaten. 2. Hence nomadic hunter-gatherer
societies have few or no such full-time specialists, who instead first appear in sedentary societies. 3.
2010 Lady Michelle Obama launched food labelling. 4. xx, for example,xxxx
(APEUni Website / App RO #218)

46. Mars From Earth(地球到⽕星)


Correct Order:
1) To overcome the pull of gravity and reach another body in space you need to achieve a certain speed.
2) A journey to Mars from Earth's surface requires a minimum total speed of nearly 30,000mph.
3) This requires large rockets, tonnes of fuel, and complex orbital maneuvering.

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4) Due to the moon's weaker gravitational field, the same journey from the lunar surface would "only"
require a speed of 6,500mph (2.9km/s).
5) This is roughly one third of that necessary to reach the International Space Station from Earth.
(APEUni Website / App RO #217)

47. Pidgin
Correct Order:
1) In some areas, the standard chosen may be a variety that originally had no native speakers in the
country.
2) For example, in Papua New Guinea, a lot of official business is conducted in Tok Pisin.
3) This language is now used by over a million people, but it began many years earlier as a kind of
'contact' language called a pidgin.
4) A pidgin is a variety of a language (e.g. English) that developed for some practical purpose, such as
trading, among groups of people who had a lot of contact, but who did not know each other' s
languages.
(APEUni Website / App RO #216)

48. Blue Halo


Correct Order:
1) Latest research has found that several common flower species have nanoscale ridges on the surface
of their petals that meddle with light when viewed from certain angles.
2) These nanostructures scatter light particles in the blue to ultraviolet colour spectrum, generating a
subtle effect that scientists have christened the 'blue halo'.
3) By manufacturing artificial surfaces that replicated 'blue halos', scientists were able to test the effect
on pollinators, in this case foraging bumblebees.
4) They found that bees can see the blue halo, and use it as a signal to locate flowers more efficiently.
(APEUni Website / App RO #211)

49. Ants
Correct Order:
1) It's often said that ants can predict impending rain and respond by changing their behavior.
2) Some people say that if you see ants building their mounds higher, or building them from different
materials, this might signal the coming of rain.
3) But is there any scientific evidence to support this piece of folk wisdom?
4) The short answer is "no", although it is a difficult question to answer partly because of the sheer
diversity of ants - there are 13,000 named species on the planet!
(APEUni Website / App RO #205)

50. Marine Creature


Correct Order:
1) In order to establish whether diversity matters in the sea as well as on land, 11 marine biologists, along
with three economists, have joined forces.
2) They have spent the past three years crunching all the numbers they could lay their hands on.
3) These ranged from the current UN Food and Agriculture Organization's database to information
hundreds of years old, gleaned from kitchen records and archeology.
4) The results of this comprehensive analysis have been published in Science.
(APEUni Website / App RO #198)

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51. Art History


Correct Order:
1) Art history is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts.
2) The study includes painting, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects.
3) Art history is the history of different groups of people and their culture represented throughout their
artwork.
4) Art historians compare different time periods in art history.
5) As a term, art history (its product being history of art) encompasses several methods of studying the
visual arts; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture.
(APEUni Website / App RO #62)

52. Children's Verbal Skills


Correct Order:
1) Many young children are inexperienced in dealing with emotional upheaval.
2) As a result, they lack the coping strategies that many adults have.
3) In particular, they lack the verbal skills to express their emotions and to effectively communicate their
need for emotional support.
4) Frustration of not being able to effectively communicate may manifest itself in alternative behaviors.
5) Moreover, such behaviors may risk developing behavioral, social and emotional problems.
(APEUni Website / App RO #193)

53. Egyptian Temple


Correct Order:
1) We know infinitely more about the wealthy people of Egypt than we do about the ordinary people, as
almost all the monuments were made for the rich and influential.
2) Houses in which ordinary Egyptians lived have not been preserved, and when most people died they
were buried in simple graves with few funerary goods.
3) Most of our traditional sources of information about the Old Kingdom are those concerned with death
and the rituals surrounding death: these include pyramids, tombs and graves, but also statues, reliefs and
paintings.
4) Even papyri come mainly from pyramid temples.
5) But this does not mean that death was the Egyptians' only preoccupation.
(APEUni Website / App RO #190)

54. World Feeding


Correct Order:
1) We' ll likely have two billion more mouths to feed by mid-century --more than nine billion people.
2) But sheer population growth isn't the only reason we' ll need more food.
3) The spread of prosperity across the world, especially in China and India, is driving an increased
demand for meat, eggs, and dairy, boosting pressure to grow more corn and soybeans to feed more
cattle, pigs, and chickens.
4) If these trends continue, the double whammy of population growth and richer diets will require us to
roughly double the amount of crops we grow by 2050.
(APEUni Website / App RO #189)

55. Two-and-a-half(2.5升空⽓)
Correct Order:
1) To gauge optimism and pessimism, the researchers set up an experiment involving 22 calves.

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2) Before they started the experiment, they trained the calves to understand which of their choices
would lead to a reward.
3) In the training, each calf entered a small pen and found a wall with five holes arranged in a horizontal
line, two-and-a-half feet apart.
4) The hole at one end contained milk from a bottle, while the hole at the opposite end contained only an
empty bottle and delivered a puff of air in calves' faces.
5) The calves learned quickly which side of the pen held the milk reward.
(APEUni Website / App RO #188)

56. EU Fishing
Correct Order:
1) The European Union has two big fish problems.
2) One is that, partly as a result of its failure to manage them properly, its own fisheries can no longer
meet European demand.
3) The other is that its governments won't confront their fishing lobbies and decommission all the
surplus boats.
4) The EU has tried to solve both problems by sending its fishermen to West Africa. Since 1979 it has
struck agreements with the government of Senegal, granting our fleets access to its waters.
5) As a result, Senegal's marine ecosystem has started to go the same way as ours.
(APEUni Website / App RO #177)

57. Glow Worm


Correct Order:
1) The Newnes railroad was closed in 1932 after 25 years of shipping oil shale.
2) The rails were pulled out of the 600-meter tunnel, which had been bored through the sandstone in
the Wollemi National Park, and the tunnel was left to its own devices.
3) For Newnes, that meant becoming home to thousands and thousands of glow worms.
4) The glow worm is a catch-all name for the bioluminescent larvae of various species, in this case, the
Arachnocampa richardsae, a type of fungus gnat.
5) Found in massive numbers in caves, the fungus gnat larvae cling to the rocky walls of the abandoned
tunnel and hunt with long, glowing strings of sticky mucus.
(APEUni Website / App RO #174)

58. Hip Pop


Correct Order:
1) Hip Hop emerged as a reaction to the gang culture and violence of the South Bronx in the 1970s, and
daily experiences of poverty, racism, exclusion, crime, violence, and neglect.
2) It necessarily embodies and values resilience, understanding, community and social justice.
3) Without these, Hip Hop culture would never have been, and it is because these values remain at its
core that Hip Hop is such a powerful agent of positive social change around the world.
4) Yet, the hip hop project is not yet free from these difficult circumstances.
(APEUni Website / App RO #157)

59. Be Objective(保持客观)
Correct Order:
1) Experts especially journalists, inevitably find it difficult to be objective because of their culture
background.
2) Journalists tried their best not to be biased.

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3) However, including every aspect of an issue is as easy as calling for every candidate to participate in
presidential debate.
4) Some aspects are not included in the reporting.
(APEUni Website / App RO #173)

60. Carbon Pricing in Canada


Correct Order:
1) There is a growing consensus that, if serious action is to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in Canada, a price must be applied to those emissions.
2) There are, however, challenges associated with the political acceptability of carbon pricing.
3) If Canada implements a carbon price on its own, there are worries that Canadian factories will
relocate to other countries to avoid the regulation.
4) Even if other countries act in concert with Canada to price carbon, the effects will be uneven across
sectors, and lobbying efforts by relatively more-affected sectors might threaten the political viability of
the policy.
(APEUni Website / App RO #171)

61. Heart Attack


Correct Order:
1) Heart attack is caused by the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot.
2) When the clot is formed, it will stay in the blood vessels.
3) The clot in blood vessels will block blood flow.
4) Without the normal blood flow, it will cause muscle contraction.
(APEUni Website / App RO #168)

62. Financial Crisis (Incomplete)


Points: Many people face serious financial crisis when they are only 20-30 years old. This is because
they do not really pay attention to their daily spending, and has poured their spending on buying. This
will lead to them paying piling credit card loan and monthly payments. Although they can have student
loan, people should…(giving suggestion)
(APEUni Website / App RO #181)

63. Stereotype
Correct Order:
1) No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes.
2) He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.
3) Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes;
4) His very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional
customs.
(APEUni Website / App RO #116)

64. Financial Stability


Correct Order:
1) Despite the financial stability a high salary brings, research has shown that the majority of top earners
are not happy in their jobs.
2) It seems that the lack of psychological reward is the reason for their dissatisfaction.
3) However, most of these workers would not consider career alternatives.
4) Interestingly, it is not the risk of a decrease in salary which prevents this move.

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5) The fear of criticism from colleagues, friends and family is the main factor that obstructs a change in
their employment situation.
(APEUni Website / App RO #84)

65. Pilot
Correct Order:
1) After finishing first in his pilot training class, Lindbergh took his first job as the chief pilot of an airmail
route operated by Robertson Aircraft Co. of Lambert Field in St. Louis, Missouri.
2) He flew the mail in a de Havilland DH-4 biplane to Springfield, Peoria and Chicago, Illinois.
3) During his tenure on the mail route, he was renowned for delivering the mail under any circumstances.
4) After a crash, he even salvaged stashes of mail from his burning aircraft and immediately phoned
Alexander Varney, Peoria's airport manager, to advise him to send a truck.
(APEUni Website / App RO #49)

66. Foreign Aid


Correct Order:
1) By the beginning in the 1990s, foreign aid began to slowly improve.
2) Scrutiny by the news media shamed many developed countries into curbing their bad practices.
3) Today, the projects of organizations like the World Bank are meticulously inspected by watchdog
groups.
4) Although the system is far from perfect, it is certainly more transparent than it was when foreign aid
routinely helped ruthless dictators stay in power.
(APEUni Website / App RO #68)

67. Local Logger(当地⽊⼯)


Correct Order:
1) Sephua, a ramshackle town on the edge of Peru's Amazon jungle, nestles in a pocket on the map
where a river of the same name flows into the Urubamba.
2) That pocket denotes a tiny patch of legally loggable land sandwiched between four natural reserves,
all rich in mahogany and accessible from the town.
3) In 2001 the government, egged on by WWF, a green group, tried to regulate logging in the relatively
small part of the Peruvian Amazon where this is allowed.
4) It abolished the previous system of annual contracts.
5) Instead, it auctioned 40-year concessions to areas ruled off on a map, with the right to log 4% of the
area each year. The aim was to encourage strict management plans and sustainable extraction.
(APEUni Website / App RO #47)

68. A Big Challenge(⼤挑战)


Correct Order:
1) When Vijay Govindarajan and Christian Sarkar wrote a blog entry on Harvard Business Review in
August 2010 mooting the idea of a "$300- house for the poor", they were merely expressing a
suggestion.
2) Of course, the idea we present here is an experiment," wrote Prof Govindarajan, a professor of
international business at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth and Mr Sarkar, a marketing
consultant who works on environmental issues - an almost apologetic disclaimer for having such a "far-
out" idea.
3) Who could create a house for $300 and if it was possible, why hadn't it been done before?
4) Nonetheless, they closed their blog with a challenge: "We ask chief executives, governments, NGOs,

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foundations: Are there any takers?"


(APEUni Website / App RO #41)

69. Sojourner
Correct Order:
1) More recent missions to Mars include the hugely successful Mars Pathfinder, which landed a small
‘rover’ called Sojourner on the surface to explore a region where there may once have been life.
2) Sojourner has now been effectively switched off, but lasted almost twelve times its expected lifetime.
3) Similarly the lander, which imaged several areas around the landing site (dubbed the Carl Sagan
Memorial site) and took atmospheric measurements, lasted a good deal longer than expected.
4) The only unfortunate thing to have arisen from the mission is the naming of the rocks at the landing
site (including everything from Scooby Doo to Darth Vader).
(APEUni Website / App RO #29)

70. Smart George(聪明的乔治)


Correct Order:
1) In his fascinating book Carbon Detox, George Marshall argues that people are not persuaded by
information.
2) Our view is formed by the views of people with whom we mix.
3) Of the narratives that might penetrate these circles, we are more likely to listen to those that offer us
some reward.
4) He proposes that instead of arguing for sacrifice, environmentalists should show where the rewards
might lie: that understanding what the science is saying and planning accordingly is the smart thing to
do, which will protect your interests more effectively than flinging abuse at scientists.
5) We should emphasize the old-fashioned virtues of uniting in the face of a crisis, of resourcefulness
and community action.
(APEUni Website / App RO #20)

71. Mission
Correct Order:
1) Early in 1938, Mario de Andrade, the municipal secretary of culture here, dispatched a four- member
Folklore Research Mission to the northeastern hinterlands of Brazil on a similar mission.
2) The intention was to record as much music as possible as quickly as possible, before encroaching
influences like radio and cinema began transforming the region’s distinctive culture.
3) They recorded whoever and whatever seemed to be interesting: piano carriers, cowboys, beggars,
voodoo priests, quarry workers, fishermen, dance troupes and even children at play.
4) But the Brazilian mission’s collection ended up languishing in vaults here.
(APEUni Website / App RO #15)

72. Parties(派对)
Correct Order:
1) Although experts like journalists are expected to be unbiased they invariably share the system biases
of the disciplines and cultures in which they work.
2) Journalists try to be fair and objective by presenting all sides of a particular issue.
3) Practically speaking, however, it is about as easy to present all sides of an issue as it is to invite
candidates from all political parties to a presidential debate.
4) Some perspectives ultimately are not included.
(APEUni Website / App RO #7)

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73. Exploratory Urge


Correct Order:
1) All animals have a strong exploratory urge, but for some it is more crucial than others.
2) It depends on how specialized they have become during the course of evolution.
3) If they have put all their effort into the perfection of one survival trick, they do not bother so much
with the general complexities of the world around them.
4) So long as the ant eater had its ants and the koala bear had gum leaves, then they are satisfied and
the living is easy.
5) The non-specialists, however, the opportunities of the animal world, can never afford to relax.
(APEUni Website / App RO #5)

74. Some Type Soda(某些类型的苏打)


Correct Order:
1) A reaction that needs some type of energy to make it go is said to be endothermic. It takes in energy.
2) For example, the sherbet you used for the chapter problem on page 25 is a mixture of baking soda
and citric acid.
3) When it is mixed with water in your mouth, an endothermic reaction occurs, taking heat energy from
your mouth and making it feel cooler.
4) Another example of an endothermic reaction is seen with the cold packs used by athletes to treat
injuries. These packs usually consist of a plastic bag containing ammonium nitrate dissolves in the water.
5) This process is endothermic-taking heat energy from the surroundings and cooling the injured part of
your body. In this way, the cold pack acts as an ice pack.
(APEUni Website / App RO #1)

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Fill in the Blanks (Reading)


1. Zika
Zika is more pernicious than public health officials anticipated. At present, it is circulating in more than
50 countries. And as of mid-May, seven countries or territories have reported cases of microcephaly or
other serious birth defects linked to the virus, which is transmitted by mosquito bite, blood transfusion or
sexual contact with an infected human. It can also be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy.
Despite Zika's vast range over almost 70 years, there is little genetic difference among the various
strains, according to an analysis by researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
For example, the strain currently in the Americas and another previously detected in French Polynesia are
practically indistinguishable from each other (group in white box). If the virus has changed so little over
time, why is it rearing its ugly head now? Scientists are not sure yet, but new experimental work in
mosquitoes suggests that the virus was capable of causing detrimental health effects and outbreaks all
along. Therefore, it is unlikely mutations enabled new abilities. Instead, public health officials probably did
not understand Zika's potential because the virus circulated mostly in remote locations until recently .

Options:
disappeared, causing, range, rates, defects, affording, witness, circulated
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #960)

2. Global Warming (Incomplete)


Points: About global warming. With rising temperature, measures should be taken to control emission of
greenhouse gases. The passage is short with three blanks or four. Options are almost all verbs with
similar meanings.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #939)

3. Restaurant (Incomplete)
Points: Likely an advertisement by a restaurant about the service quality. You can choose to grab your
food away, and to stay and enjoy the service in the restaurant. Key words: catering, experience.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #938)

4. Good Writing (Incomplete)


Points: Good writing ... (fact / fiction) not only write daily routine things ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #917)

5. Computer Virus (Incomplete)


Points: We are faced with increasing (threat) of computer virus. Our information is being leaked and the
internet has become more and more unsafe, so we have to take special (security / potential) measures.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #897)

6. Trinity Sport and Fitness (Explanation)


Whether you want to exercise and stay fit , train professionally with like-minded people, or indulge your
competitive streak, Trinity Sport and Fitness has it covered. We've got a dedicated support development
team on campus to support every student taking part in sports. You might want to participate in sports
competitions volunteer with a local sports class or simply play for fun with our social sport program.
Trinity fitness members of our public-facing sports facility will also entitle you to discounts when you are
booking a sports facility and fitness class. You will also get an opportunity to benefit from tailored
personal training, free activities events, and lots more.

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Options:
benefit, fit, health, sense, fun, part
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #875)

7. Major Selection (Incomplete)


Points: Students should attend an (examination) before selection of major. If a student wants to choose
a (special) area, he or she has to ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #874)

8. Gold (Incomplete)
Points: Gold is a metal, which can appreciate in commodity trading, including in depression.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #871)

9. Philosophy (Incomplete)
Points: Philosophy is a certain area of ( ) recognized by English-speaking philosophers.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #870)

10. Exercise (Incomplete)


Points: Exercise is easy. Exercise can relieve (stress) ... only needs just (walking / excitation) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #869)

11. Generation Evolution (Incomplete)


Points: ... generation evolution in this ( ),human in a ( ) area and ... Evolution is a process in the long
term, from generation to generation. This is not the process in which we build ourselves up by physical
exercise.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #868)

12. David Lynch (Explanation)


David Lynch is professor and head of education at Charles Darwin University. And prior to this he was
sub dean in the Faculty of Education and Creative Arts at Central Queensland University and foundation
head of the University’s Noosa campus . David’s career in education began as a primary school teacher
in Queensland in the early 1980’s and progressed to four principal positions before entering higher
education. David’s research interests predominate in teacher education with particular interest in
building teacher capability to meet a changed world.

Options:
acted, beginning, campus, department, entering, began, progressed
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #867)

13. Charity (Incomplete)


Points: About differences between charity and non-profit organizations. Different characteristics.
Charity supports (causes) and people. While non-profit organizations: hobby (clubs). Options:
submissions, exception, effects, advocacy.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #866)

14. Ballet-pantomime (Explanation)


Most important of all is the fact that for each new ballet-pantomime created at the Paris Opera during
the July Monarchy, a new score was produced. The reason for this is simple: these ballet-pantomimes
told stories — elaborate ones — and music was considered an indispensable tool in getting them across

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to the audience. Well, therefore , music had to be newly created to fit each story. Music tailor-made for
each new ballet-pantomime, however, was only one weapon in the Opera's explanatory arsenal.
And another was the ballet-pantomime libretto, a printed booklet of fifteen to forty pages in length,
which was sold in the Operas lobby(like the opera libretto), and which laid out the plot in painstaking
detail, scene by scene. Critics also took it upon themselves to recount the plots (of both ballet-
pantomimes and operas) in their reviews of premieres. So did the publishers of souvenir albums, which
also featured pictures of famous performers and of scenes from favorite ballet-pantomimes and
operas.

Options:
therefore, participants, revisions, thus, another, either, reviews, performers
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #865)

15. Pidgins (Explanation)


Pidgins are languages that are born after contact between at least two languages. As many pidgins
developed during the period of empire and international trade, one of the language parents was
frequently a European language such as French or English, and the other language parent was the
language of the people with whom the Europeans were trading or whom they were colonizing. Usually
one of the languages provided the majority of vocabulary items and the other provided the grammatical
structure. When pidgins become learned as a mother tongue, they become known as creoles. I am not
going to discuss pidgins and creoles and contact languages as such in this book in any depth .

Options:
depth, bartering, trading, known, relation, fair, consonant, vocabulary
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #864)

16. English Language (Explanation)


With about one and a half billion non-native speakers, English has become the world's own language.
Such dominance has its downside, of course. There are now about 6,800 languages left in the world,
compared with perhaps twice that number back at the dawn of agriculture. Thanks in part to the rise of
über-languages, most importantly English, the remaining languages are now dying at the rate of about
one a fortnight. Want to learn Busuu, anyone? Then you'd better head to Cameroon fast, before one of
the language's last eight speakers kicks the bucket (as the Busuu-nese presumably doesn't say).

Options:
more, reign, relation, twice, part, rate, dominance, margin
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #863)

17. Evolution (Explanation)


In The Origin of Species, Darwin provided abundant evidence that life on Earth has evolved over time,
and he proposed natural selection as the primary mechanism for that change. He observed that
individuals differ in their inherited traits and that selection acts on such differences, leading
to evolutionary change. Although Darwin realized that variation in heritable traits is a prerequisite
for evolution , he did not know precisely how organisms pass heritable traits to their offspring. Just a
few years after Darwin published The Origin of Species, Gregor Mendel wrote a groundbreaking paper
on inheritance in pea plants. In that paper, Mendel proposed a model of inheritance in which organisms
transmit discrete heritable units (now called genes) to their offspring. Although Darwin did not know
about genes, Mendel’s paper set the stage for understanding the genetic differences on which evolution
is based.

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Options:
form, growth, rough, differ, evolutionary, for, by, evolution
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #862)

18. Female Employment (Incomplete)


Points: Female employment rate has (increased) mainly in online businesses. ( ) of research has also
increased mainly in small occupational ( ) ... ( ) in the roles ... in a ( ) of research studies that focus on
small firms ( ) ... Options: increased, volume, sector, occupation, business, bias, interest, neglect, ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #861)

19. Chemistry (Explanation)


Chemistry is a logical science. You can master the essential concepts in any order , but it's probably
best to start from the top and work your way down, since many concepts build on understanding units,
conversion, and how atoms and molecules interact.

Options:
order, margin, top, essential, direction, roundabout, set, dwell, build
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #860)

20. Black Hole (Incomplete)


Points: Black hole were ( created / invented) by… There might be two causes for the formation of black
holes. One was … start ... The other was … stars in the final stage of the lifespan ... light can escape ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #859)

21. Electrons (Explanation)


The electrons that orbit closest to the nucleus are strongly attracted . They are called bound electrons.
The electrons that are farther away from the pull of nucleus can be forced out of their orbits . These are
called free electrons. Free electrons can move from one atom to another. This movement is known as
electron flow. Electricity is the movement or flow of electrons from one atom to another.

Options:
orbits, sustained, forced, attracted, disclosed, angles
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #856)

22. Tooth (Incomplete)


Points: A short text with just three blanks. Teeth are used to (cut) food ... we (contain / grew / grow )
two sets of teeth in the lifetime ... in childhood we (gradually) change teeth ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #855)

23. Forest and Fish (Incomplete)


Points: ... account for … workforce. ... government ... 'forest' is mentioned, some kinds of tree are taken
as examples. 'fishing' is also mentioned, with some kinds of fish as examples, including salmon. Options:
finance, economy.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #853)

24. Written Language (Incomplete)


Points: About the written language in business correspondence. Options: assistance, notes, Grammar,
received, printed.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #852)

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25. Lens (Incomplete)


Points: Lens ... iris and tulip ... like a camera .... The lens (adjusts) its shape to bend and focus the light a
second time, to ensure that you have a clear image of what you are looking at ... From short ... (far) away
... Lens is consists of water and protein ... Options: fixed, precise, ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #851)

26. Instruction (Incomplete)


Points: ... we provide students with an array of ( ) tables, ... , computers and desk lamps. If any
questions, you can turn on the microphones just in front of you, you can talk to the (entire) room and
then you take part in discussion. Options: requirements, material, circle, lecture, ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #850)

27. Hangover (Incomplete)


Points: About hangover. Alcohol hangover affects economic (payment / cost / amount) ... affects the
next day's work ... (function) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #846)

28. Traffic Jams (Explanation)


For the first time Japanese researchers have conducted a real-life experiment that shows how some
traffic jams appear for no apparent reason. They placed 22 vehicles on a single track and asked the
drivers to cruise around at a constant speed of 30 kilometers an hour. At first, traffic
moved smoothly but soon the distance between cars started to vary and vehicles clumped together at
one point on the track. But the jams spread backwards around the track like a shock wave at a rate of
about 20 kilometers an hour. Real-life jams move backwards at about the same speed.

Options:
dangle, tramp, abruptly, spread, smoothly, cruise, sustained, conducted
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #845)

29. Maya (Explanation)


The Classic Era of Mayan civilization came to an end around 900 AD. Why this happened is unclear; the
cities were probably over-farming the land, so that a period of drought led to famine. Recent
geological research supports this, as there appears to have been a 200-year drought around this time.

Options:
research, time, argument, civilization, period, urbanization
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #844)

30. MBA (Explanation)


Deciding to go to business school is perhaps the simplest part of what can be a complicated process.
With nearly 600 accredited MBA programs on offer around the world, the choice of where to study can
be overwhelming. Here we explain how to choose the right school and course for you and unravel the
application and funding process. "Probably the majority of people applying to business school are at a
point in their careers where they know they want to shake things up, but they don't know exactly what
they want to do with their professional lives," says Stacy Blackman, an MBA admissions consultant based
in Los Angeles. "If that's the case with you, look at other criteria : culture, teaching method, location, and
then pick a place that’s a good fit for you with a strong general management program. Super-defined
career goals don’t have to be a part of this process."

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Options:
standards, except, hold, offer, choose, deprive, minority, want, majority, criteria
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #843)

31. Performance Appraisals (Explanation)


Performance appraisals have traditionally been considered the best way to evaluate an employee's
performance, but increasingly organizations are finding them of little value . Employees find them
stressful and unhelpful. Importantly, they also take up a lot of time. When Deloitte analyzed their
own process , they found managers and employees spent around 2 million hours a year on performance
reviews. A growing number of companies have decided to abolish performance reviews altogether,
instead introducing more regular catch-ups.

Options:
monopolize, rating, value, presence, evaluate, abolish, process
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #841)

32. Bioenergy (Explanation)


A Graphic Introduction was put together by northern artists, who have interpreted discussions with
scientists from the Supergen Bioenergy Hub in a series of striking images which imagine alternative
futures and explain some of the technology involved and how it might be put into practice.

Options:
involved, dreamed, discriminated, interpreted, forsook, system, series
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #615)

33. Activity Tracker (Incomplete)


Points: Million of people keep ... with wristband activity tracker ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #612)

34. Banana (Explanation)


Well, the banana is the first cultivated fruit. It's one of the food items that literally brought people out of
the jungle, out of their hunter-gatherer lifestyles and was there at the dawn of agriculture which is what
helped force human beings into communities . It’s really one of the things that helped invent human
culture. It's about 7000 years of history, and the banana, from its center of origin , which is believed to
be Papua New Guinea, spread out with people who traveled in boats across the Pacific into the mainland
of Asia and all the way south to Australia across Indonesia and Micronesia and eventually they moved as
far as Africa and even possibly to Ecuador all in this time and all on paddle boats and wind driven
boats.

Options:
origin, communities, phase, brought, complex, hefty, paddle, dawn, keep, connections
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #610)

35. Keith Haring


Keith Haring began as an underground artist, literally. His first famous projects were pieces
of stylized graffiti drawn in New York subway stations. Haring traveled from station to station, drawing
with chalk and chatting with commuters about his work. These doodles helped him develop his classic
style and he grew so prolific, doing up to 40 drawings a day, that it was not long before fame and a
measure of fortune followed. Soon, galleries and collectors from the art establishment wanted to buy

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full-sized pieces by Haring. The paintings skyrocketed in price but this did not sit well with Haring's
philosophy. He believed that art, or at least his art, was for everyone. Soon, Haring opened a store which
he called the Pop Shop, which he hoped would attract a broad range of people. While somewhat
controversial among street artists, some of whom accused Haring of 'selling out', the Pop Shop changed
the way people thought about the relationship between art and business.

Options:
skyrocketed, stylized, accused, framed, remained, grew, retrospected, recommended
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #596)

36. Sound Speed (Explanation)


The speed of sound (otherwise known as Mach 1) varies with temperature. At sea level on a 'standard
day', the temperature is 59°F, and Mach 1 is approximately 761 mph. As the altitude increases, the
temperature and speed of sound both decrease until about 36,000 feet, after which the
temperature remains steady until about 60,000 feet. Within that 36,000 – 60,000 foot range, Mach 1 is
about 661 mph. Because of the variation , it is possible for an airplane flying supersonic at high altitude
to be slower than a subsonic flight at sea level. The transonic band (the 'sound barrier‘)
extends from around Mach 0.8 — when the first supersonic shock waves form on the wing — to Mach
1.2, when the entire wing has gone supersonic.

Options:
via, towards, both, from, variation, differences, either, remains, tends
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #592)

37. Sheepdogs
Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with
great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports. They are often cited as the most intelligent of all
domestic dogs. Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock
throughout the world.

Options:
compete, herding, cited, extremely, compel, harboring, sighted, barely
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #590)

38. Organic Culture


A charge often leveled against organic agriculture is that it is more philosophy than science. There's
some truth to this indictment, if that is what it is, though why organic farmers should
feel defensive about it is itself a mystery, a relic, perhaps, of our fetishism of science as the
only credible tool with which to approach nature. The philosophy of mimicking natural processes
precedes the science of understanding them.

Options:
mimicking, logic, supportive, defensive, credible, repeating
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #576)

39. Lizard (Incomplete)


Points: About lizard. In the beginning ... tended to live with fish in ... environment, then gradually
developed ... (organ?), and ... began to live ( alone / lonely ) ... Key words: eight weeks, impair.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #575)

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40. Management Accounting (Explanation)


Management accounting is concerned with providing information and analysis to managers to help them
plan, evaluate and control activities, in order to achieve an organization’s objectives . Whereas financial
accounting is concerned with reporting on the past financial performance of an organization,
management accounting is essentially concerned with improving its future performance. In order to
understand the concepts and principles of management accounting it is necessary first to have
some appreciation of what managers do! This, in turn, requires an understanding of the organizations in
which managers work – and of the external environment in which these organizations exist and operate.

Options:
fame, category, appreciation, analysis, comparison, concepts, objectives
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #572)

41. Computational Thinking (Explanation)


Developing computational thinking helps students to better understand the world around them. Many of
us happily drive a car without understanding what goes on under the bonnet . So is it necessary for
children to learn how to program computers? After all, some experts say coding is one of the human
skills that will become obsolete as artificial intelligence grows. Nevertheless, governments believe coding
is an essential skill. Since 2014, the principles of computer programming have featured on
England’s curriculum for children from the age of five or six, when they start primary school. While not all
children will become programmers, Mark Martin, a computing teacher at Sydenham High School, London,
argues that they should learn to understand what makes computers work and try to solve problems as a
computer might .

Options:
curriculum, sonnet, cycle, should, bonnet, program, might, ceiling
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #571)

42. Studying Law (Explanation)


It is important to emphasize the need for hard work as an essential part of studying law, because far too
many students are tempted to think that they can succeed by relying on what they imagine to be their
natural ability, without bothering to add the expenditure of effort. To take an analogy some people prefer
the more or less instant gratification which comes from watching television adaptation of a classic novel
to the rather more laborious process of reading the novel itself. Those who prefer watching television to
reading the book are less likely to study law successfully, unless they rapidly acquire a taste for text-
based materials .

Options:
level, gratification, emphasize, taste, prefer, expenditure, laborious, expensive, meet
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #570)

43. Wind Farm (Incomplete)


Points: Wind farms are not suitable to be in places of peat. Otherwise they cause soil erosion and
release a great amount of carbon dioxide.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #563)

44. Color Preference


Many tests have shown that, in a very broad way, peoples in most parts of the world have similar color
preferences. Blue is the most preferred and popular hue, followed in order by red, green, purple, yellow

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and orange. Overlying this basic order of color preference, however , are the responses of individuals,
which of course vary widely and may also be very powerful. Children are likely to have strong preferences
for some colors and aversions to others, but sometimes will not admit to them, since
outside factors may be influential in determining both color preferences and the way that they are
expressed or suppressed. Current fashions in clothes and accessories, gender-stereotyping and peer-
group pressure may all play a significant part. Boys in particular may be reluctant to admit to any strong
preferences for colors other than those of favorite football teams, because color awareness may be
regarded by their peer-group as feminine.

Options:
widely, however, other than, therefore, factors, thoroughly, counters, rather than
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #552)

45. Shrimp Farms


Over the past two decades around a third of the world’s mangrove swamps have been converted for
human use, with many turned into valuable shrimp farms. In 2007 an economic study of such shrimp
farms in Thailand showed that the commercial profits per hectare were $9,632. If that were the only
factor, conversion would seem an excellent idea. However, proper accounting shows that for each
hectare government subsidies formed $8,412 of this figure and there were costs, too: $1,000 for
pollution and $12,392 for losses to ecosystem services. These comprised damage to the supply of foods
and medicines that people had taken from the forest, the loss of habitats for fish, and less buffering
against storms. And because a given shrimp farm only stays productive for three or four years, there was
the additional cost of restoring them afterwards.

Options:
regenerating, study, estimated, accounting, productivity, productive, converted, comprised
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #540)

46. Egyptian Music (Explanation)


Music was as important to the ancient Egyptians as it is in our modern society. Although it is thought
that music played a role throughout the history of Egypt, those that study the Egyptian writings have
discovered that music seemed to become more important in what is called the 'pharaonic' period of their
history. This was the time when the Egyptian dynasties of the pharaohs were established and music was
found in many parts of every day Egyptian life.

Options:
need, period, showed, established, rank, seemed, history, space, role
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #486)

47. Shakespeare and Richard (Incomplete)


Points: About Shakespeare and Richard. ... (newer) works, and Shakespeare didn’t (create) and only
touched and (improved) it. Shakespeare expressed many (opportunities / ways). Other option: subtle (?)
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #482)

48. Self-expression
A surprising number of writers, even those who have thought of their writing as "self-expression," have
sought a freedom from the tyranny of subjectivity, echoing Goethe's claim that "Every healthy effort is
directed from the inward to the outward world." From time to time others have risen to defend
commitment, engagement, involvement. But, at least until recently , the predominant demand in

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this century has been for some sort of objectivity.

Options:
pressure, extension, freedom, character, then, inward, century, recently
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #476)

49. Childcare
Affordable early years education and childcare potentially enables parents, particularly mothers, to be in
paid employment. International studies have found that countries with greater enrolment rates in publicly
funded or provided childcare also have higher maternal employment rates, although untangling causal
relationships is complex. From the point of view of the household, additional income, especially for the
less well-off, is itself associated with better outcomes for children, as child poverty has been shown to
be a key independent determinant of children's outcomes. And, from the point of view of the public
purse, as mothers enter employment they are likely to claim fewer benefits and to generate extra
revenues through income tax and national insurance.

Options:
from, except, although, through, call, at, against, enter
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #475)

50. Green Spaces


Green spaces contribute significantly to a reduction of soil and aerial temperatures during spells of hot
weather, so contributing to human wellbeing. In the garden context , there is, however, little information
as to what extent various types of plants differ in their cooling potential and how certain planting
combinations may maximize cooling under a scenario of low rainfall and minimal water inputs.

Options:
addition, focus, background, low, differ, context, massive, reduction, contribute
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #408)

51. Egg-eating Snakes


Egg-eating snakes are a small group of snakes whose diet consists only of eggs. Some eat only small
eggs, which they have to swallow whole , as the snake has no teeth. Instead, some other snakes eat
bigger eggs, but it requires special treatment . These snakes have spines that stick out from the
backbone. The spines crack the egg open as it passes through the throat.

Options:
saliva, part, open, taste, diet, whole, treatment, out
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #455)

52. Diamond (Incomplete)


Points: About black diamond from outer space.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #450)

53. World Factory


In China's modern day economic history the Open Door Policy refers to the new policy announced by
Deng Xiaoping in December 1978 to open the door to foreign businesses that wanted to set up in China.
Special Economic Zones (SEZ) were set up in 1980 in his belief that in order to modernize China's
industry and boost its economy, it needed to welcome foreign direct investment. Chinese economic
policy then shifted to encouraging and supporting foreign trade & investment. It is the turning point in

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China economic fortune that truly started China on the path to becoming 'The World's Factory'.

Options:
truly, boost, evenly, belief, submitted, balance, shifted, announced, illusion
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #444)

54. Good School


A big rise in state schools rated among the best institutions in the country is revealed in the latest
edition of the Good Schools Guide. Middle-class parents facing financial pressures in the downturn are
increasingly looking beyond the private sector to educate their children. The 23 year-old Good Schools
Guide -- a popular reference book for fee-paying families set on the best private school -- has
increased the number of state schools in this year's edition to 251, pushing the figure to more than a
quarter of its 1,000 entries for the first time. And, explaining why the guide has more than doubled the
number of schools it features outside the private sector in only five years, Sue Fieldman, regional editor,
told the Financial Times: "The parents we speak to want more information on the state sector and the
best it has to offer. "

Options:
return, reserved, popular, downturn, explaining, imitating
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #438)

55. Long-term Goal (Incomplete)


Points: The long term goal can be divided into short term (realistic/naturalistic) goal ... For example, (in
order to) achieve a high grade you need to ... (along the way/ timely).
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #129)

56. Gender Equality


With the popularity of the gender equality campaign and the cultural change, the traditional roles of men
as the earner , and of women in which they stay at home, are challenged today.

Options:
authority, traditional, earner, appreciated, protested, challenged
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #427)

57. Textile Industry


The environmental impact of the global textile industry is hard to overstate. One-third of the water used
worldwide is spent fashioning fabrics. For every ton of cloth produced , 200 tons of water is polluted
with chemicals and heavy metals. An estimated 1 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity powers the factories
that card and comb, spin and weave, and cut and stitch materials into everything from T-shirts to
towels, leaving behind mountains of solid waste and a massive carbon footprint. "Where the industry is
today is not really sustainable for the long term," says Shreyaskar Chaudhary, chief executive of Pratibha
Syntex, a textile manufacturer based outside Indore, India. With something of an "if you build it, they will
come" attitude, Mr. Chaudhary has steered Pratibha toward the leading edge of eco-friendly textile
production. Under his direction, Pratibha began making clothes with organic cotton in 1999. Initially, the
company couldn't find enough organic farms growing cotton in central India to supply its factories. To
meet production demands, Chaudhary's team had to convince conventional cotton farmers to change
their growing methods. Pratibha provided seeds, cultivation instruction, and a guarantee of fairtrade
prices for their crops. Today, Pratibha has a network of 28,000 organic cotton growers across the
central states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa.

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Options:
leaving, supply, toward, off, designed, produced, lagging, fund
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #410)

58. Fossil Fuel (Explanation)


But look beyond fossil fuels for the most intriguing trends. One is that the energy intensity of the world
economy -- the amount of energy it takes to produce one dollar's worth of income -- keeps falling, at a
rate of about 2 percent. What this means is that even without any change in the relative shares of
fossil-based and fossil-free sources in the world's energy mix, we could have 2 percent annual
economic growth without increasing carbon emissions from energy use. Of course that is not enough
to address climate change and we need more economic growth than that. It is nonetheless a stunning
number, which refutes the claim by some environmentalists that permanent economic growth is
fundamentally incompatible with finite physical resources.

Options:
nonetheless, address, irrelevant, index, merge, worth, relative, however, with, by
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #407)

59. Ponzi Scheme


Ponzi is an illegal business practice . His original scheme was based on the legitimate arbitrage of
international reply coupons for postage stamps, but he soon began diverting new investors' money to
make payments to earlier investors as interest .

Options:
interest, practice, fiasco, rate, infamous, payments, postage, monthly
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #404)

60. Melting Ice (Explanation)


At the end of the last ice age, the melting ice disrupted the ocean currents in the North Atlantic
and caused a drop in temperature of almost 5 degrees. Even though the rest of the planet was
warming up ,the North Atlantic region remained in a cold period for 1300 years. The same thing
happened around 8000 years ago, when the cooling lasted about a hundred years, and it could happen
again today. Even a short period of cooling in the North Atlantic could have a dramatic effect on the
wildlife, and the human populations, living there.

Options:
forwent, up, never, caused, could, around
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #399)

61. Rudman
Rudman looks at how a poor understanding of Maths has led historians to false conclusions about the
Mathematical sophistication of early societies. Rudman's final observation-that ancient
Greece enjoyed unrivaled progress in the subject while failing to teach it at school-leads to
a radical punchline: Mathematics could be better learnt after we leave school.

Options:
rational, leave, radical, belittled, attend, enjoyed, failing, falling
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #395)

62. Active Learning Classrooms

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Active learning classrooms (ALCs) are student-centered, technology-rich classrooms. They are easily
identified with their large circular tables and movable seating designed to improve
student engagement in class. Typically, each table is accompanied by a whiteboard and flat-screen
monitor to display student work and larger rooms frequently have miniature bulb and microphones at
each table. In this way, students are able to signal if they have questions or want to speak to
the entire room.

Options:
sign, circular, entire, engagement, partly, signal, arrangement, square
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #387)

63. Sandra Lousada (Explanation)


London's National Portrait Gallery is currently celebrating the fifty-year career of photographer Sandra
Lousada. The twenty-one portraits on display depict key figures in literature, film and fashion from the
early 1960s. Subsequent to the acquisition of forty portraits by Lousada, the display at The National
Portrait Gallery highlights shots taken between 1960 and 1964, many of which feature in Lousada's book
Public Faces Private Places (2008). Formal commissioned portraits are shown alongside behind-the-
scenes photographs taken on film sets and unguarded portraits of sitters captured at home.

Options:
sets, elements, birthday, career, figures, cinemas
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #385)

64. Carbon Prices


Carbon prices in the European Union also reached their highest level in a decade this summer following a
series of reforms meant to limit the oversupply of credits and expand many industries subjected to the
cap. The biggest development of all may be in China, the world's largest greenhouse gas emitter, which
has taken steps toward its own emissions trading program. China's move has the potential to narrow the
gap between global carbon prices and climate costs to 63 percent in the early 2020s, OECD found.

Options:
missions, reforms, potential, emissions, points, revolutions, credits
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #383)

65. Father in Family


With the increase in women's participation in the labor force, many mothers have less time available to
undertake domestic activities. At the same time, there has been increasing recognition that the
father's relationship with a child is important. A father can have many roles in the family, ranging from
income provider to teacher, carer, and playmate. Therefore, balancing paid work and family
responsibilities can be an important issue for both fathers and mothers in families.

Options:
relationship, efficient, roles, separation, shares, participation, recognition, available
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #377)

66. Conservancy
To qualify as a conservancy, a committee must define the conservancy's boundary, elect
a representative conservancy committee, negotiate a legal constitution, prove the committee's ability
to manage funds, and produce an acceptable plan for equitable distribution of wildlife-related benefits.
Once approved, registered conservancies acquire the rights to a sustainable wildlife quota , set by the

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ministry.

Options:
equitable, authoritative, representative, deposit, rights, quotation, infringements, quota, irresistible,
manage
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #366)

67. Inflation (Incomplete)


Points: About influence of inflation. ... building contract ... International competition ... Options: compete,
research, mean, ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #364)

68. Business Emission (Explanation)


An American retail giant is set to ask its suppliers to measure and report their greenhouse gas
emissions. There is a need to disclose business emission. The data of emission can be used to test
which company causes climate change, and conflate the government campaigners and
environmental invigilators .

Options:
conflate, invigilators, dislike, disclose, dismiss, landlord, data, quota
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #363)

69. Weather Predictions


All kinds of predictions may be about to get even more difficult thanks to climate change. Though no one
is sure exactly what its effects will be, it seems that extreme weather conditions, such as storms and
hurricanes, are likely to become more common. Such events have far-reaching effects on distant
weather systems, making general forecasting much harder.

Options:
such as, over to, likely to, thanks to, exactly, rarely, probably
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #359)

70. Giant Exoplanets


Giant exoplanets, like the so-called 'hot Jupiters' that are similar in characteristics to the solar system's
biggest planet and orbit very close to their host stars, are excellent targets for astronomers in their
search for their extrasolar worlds. The size and proximity of these planets is easy to detect as they
create a large decrease in brightness when passing in front of their parent stars.

Options:
characteristics, imagine, astronomers, pilots, detect, weight, planet
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #357)

71. Geography
Many famous geographers and non-geographers have attempted to define the discipline in a few short
words. The concept has also changed throughout the ages, making it difficult to create a concise ,
universal geography definition for such a dynamic and all-encompassing subject. After all, Earth is a big
place with many facets to study. It affects and is affected by the people who live there and use
its resources . But basically, geography is the study of the surface of Earth and the people who live
there, and all that encompasses.

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Options:
concise, facets, complex, resources, surface, options, methods
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #351)

72. Study of Leadership


Based on collaborative research by Arizona's top business schools, this study of leadership and company
performance uncovers the effects of leadership driven by profits , cost control, and maintaining market
share, versus leadership driven more by balancing employee relations and development, customer or
client needs , and the welfare of the greater community. Together, Mary Sully de Luque, assistant
professor of Management and Research Fellow at Thunderbird School of Global Management and David
Waldman, director of the Center for Responsible Leadership at ASU's School of Global Management and
Leadership, have found that maintaining a specific focus on earnings in decision making can have
negative effects on how a leader is viewed.

Options:
profits, leadership, needs, decision, market, pleas
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #258)

73. Digital Media


Digital media and the internet have made the sharing of texts, music and images easier than ever, and
the enforcement of copyright restriction harder. This situation has encouraged the growth of IP law,
and prompted increased industrial concentration on extending and 'policing' IP protection, while also
leading to the growth of an 'open access', or 'creative commons' movement which challenges such
control of knowledge and creativity .

Options:
prompted, creativity, changed, enforcement, advocates, challenges, enactment, conformity
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #348)

74. Scientists' Work


Scientists make observations, have assumptions, and do experiments . After these have been done, they
get their results . Then there is a lot of data from scientists. The scientists around the world have
a picture of the world.

Options:
experiments, picture, process, results, measure, experiences, data
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #343)

75. Folklore
Folklore, a modern term for the body of traditional customs, superstitions, stories, dances, and songs
that have been adopted and maintained within a given community by processes of repetition is not
reliant on the written word . Along with folk songs and folktales, this broad category of cultural forms
embraces all kinds of legends, riddles, jokes, proverbs, games, charms, omens, spells, and rituals,
especially those of pre-literate societies or social classes. Those forms of verbal expression that are
handed on from one generation or locality to the next by word of mouth are said to constitute an
oral tradition .

Options:
book, regime, body, tradition, community, art, category, word
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #341)

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76. Suez Canal


Britain became the largest shareholder in the canal in 1875, purchasing its interest from the Egyptian
khedive. The Convention of Constantinople signed by the major European powers in 1888 keeps it open
for free passage to all nations in time of peace or war. Britain became the guarantor of the canal's
neutrality and management was left to the Paris-based Suez Canal Co.

Options:
guarantor, kingdom, tariff, shareholder, passage, owner
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #336)

77. Eutrophication
Eutrophication is a process when bodies of water accumulate to a high nutrient level due to extensive
fertilizer in the soil. The water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce
excessive blooms of algae and other aquatic species which may deplete minerals in the water, thus
endanger other species.

Options:
reach, deplete, accumulate, destroy, maximize, blooms, oust
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #332)

78. Private School


Private schools in the UK are redoubling their marketing efforts to foreigners. Almost a third of the
68,000 boarding pupils at such schools already come from overseas. But now, with many UK
residents unwilling or unable to afford the fees and a cultural shift away from boarding, many schools
are looking abroad to survive. Overseas students now account for about 500m pounds of fee income a
year for boarding schools in the UK.

Options:
weigh, already, unwilling, fuss, account, seldom, shift
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #330)

79. Following Tips


Researchers suggest the following tips as you begin to network, seek common ground, engage with your
network regularly, and consistently apply yourself to making your network work or it will wither. It is a
skill that you need to practice , not a talent.

Options:
direct, apply, engage, concentrate, practice
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #317)

80. Alpine Newt


The Alpine Newt is native to much of central, continental Europe and occurs up the coasts of northeast
France through to Holland. But it does not appear to have been native to the British Isles. As its
name suggests it can be found in montane habitats up to 2,500 metres in altitude but it can also be
abundant in lowlands, and it will use a variety of waterbodies including both shallow and deep ponds and
slow flowing streams.

Options:
appear, builds, mess, variety, like, entails, suggests, occurs
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #310)

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81. Dance
Dance has played an important role in many musicals. In some cases , dance numbers are included as an
excuse to add to the color and spectacle of the show, but dance is more effective when it forms an
integral part of the plot . An early example is Richard Rodgers On Your Toes(1936) in which the story
about classical ballet meeting the world of jazz enabled dance to be introduced in a way that enhances ,
rather than interrupts the drama.

Options:
punctuates, plot, itineraries, judgement, enhances, cases
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #309)

82. Western Firms


What such a map would have failed to reveal, however, was the changing nature of the connections put
in place by Western firms as they shifted work around the globe. It is often assumed that when Western
firms, or any firm for that matter, reach out across borders to establish a factory outlet here, an
assembly plant there or a subsidiary in some far-off location , they do so through directly investing and
thereby wholly owning such facilities. In the 1970s and 1980s, among the low-cost manufacturing
overseas operations, this was indeed often the case, but increasingly Western firms started to conduct
their business at-a-distance through a variety of indirect means, of which subcontracting became the
principal arrangement .

Options:
arrangement, emergency, location, positions, borders, range, services, connections
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #308)

83. Coffee
Coffee is enjoyed by millions of people every day and the 'coffee experience' has become a staple of our
modern life and culture . While the current body of research related to the effects of
coffee consumption on human health has been contradictory, a study in the June issue of
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, which is published by the Institute of Food
Technologists (IFT), found that the potential benefits of moderate coffee drinking outweigh the risks in
adult consumers for the majority of major health outcomes considered.

Options:
costs, cult, consumption, cares, outcomes, expenditure, benefits, culture
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #307)

84. Financial Crisis


Since the beginning of the financial crisis, there have been two principal explanations for why so many
banks made such disastrous decisions. The first is structural. Regulators did not regulate. Institutions
failed to function as they should. Rules and guidelines were either inadequate or ignored . The second
explanation is that Wall Street was incompetent , that the traders and investors didn't know enough, that
they made extravagant bets without understanding the consequences.

Options:
incompetent, function, provision, understanding, predicting, mixed, ignored, explanations, prerequisites
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #302)

85. Monitoring Animals


Monitoring animals is hard work. Field biologists have to follow tracks made by the animals and look out

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for fruit that they might like in order to find the animals, whether it be walking through rivers, up and
down slippery hillsides with dense vegetation or through thick mud and swamps.

Options:
whereabouts, tracks, dense, stick, look, damp
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #299)

86. Concentration
Some students say that they need complete quiet to read and study. Others study best in a crowded,
noisy room because the noise actually helps them concentrate. Some students like quiet music
playing; others do not. The point is, you should know the level of noise that is optimal for your own
studying. However, one general rule for all students is that the television seems to be more of a
distraction than music or other background noise, so leave the TV off when you are reading or
studying. Also , don't let yourself become distracted by computer games, email, or Internet surfing.

Options:
leads, others, remain, leave, counterparts, Also, However, helps
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #298)

87. Environmental Policy


Thus the environmental policy does not contribute to the profitability in any real sense at all. In practice
it is companies that are well organized and efficient , or that are already comfortably profitable, that
have time to establish and police environmental policies. However, if someone says that profitable
companies are the ones most likely to consider environment, this is confusing cause with effect. It is not
that environmental best practice causes profitability, but that being profitable allows for concern for the
environment.

Options:
establish, policy, demote, practice, concern, egregious, help, efficient
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #295)

88. Physical Activity


Participating regularly in physical activity has been shown to benefit an individual's health and wellbeing .
Regular physical activity is important in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and
stroke, obesity, diabetes and some forms of cancer. The National Physical Activity Guidelines for
Adults recommends at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, preferably every day of
the week, to obtain health benefits.

Options:
recruits, recommends, exploit, chronic, preferably, medicine, affordably, physical, obtain, wellbeing
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #291)

89. Lithium
The lightest of any solid element, lithium has, until now, played a modest role in industry. Silvery in color,
and softer than lead, it has been used mainly as an alloy of aluminum, a base for automobile grease, and
in the production of glass and ceramics. It is so unstable that it is never found in its pure form in nature.
Lithium floats on water — or, rather , it skitters wildly about, trailing a vapor cloud of hydrogen, until it
dissolves.

Options:

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rather, production, unstable, modest, unknown, even, intuition, until


(APEUni Website / App FIBR #282)

90. Citizenship Education


Civics and citizenship education builds student's knowledge and understanding of the ways in which
citizens can actively participate in Australia' s diverse and inclusive society. Students learn about the
civic institutions and the processes through which decisions are made for the common good of
the community and they also develop the skills and understandings that relate to the organization of a
harmonious democratic society.

Options:
processes, precision, skills, involve, humanity, participate, wills, community
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #279)

91. Trees
Trees, as ever, are or should be at the heart of all discussions on climate change. The changes in carbon
dioxide, in temperature, and in patterns of rainfall will each affect them in many ways, and each
parameter interacts with all the others, so between them, these three main variables present a
bewildering range of possibilities.

Options:
interacts, variables, discussions, chat, variations, notes
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #277)

92. Australian Dwellings


The stock of Australia's dwellings is evolving with current homes having more bedrooms on average than
homes ten years ago. At the same time, households are getting smaller on average with
decreasing proportions of couple families with children and increasing couple-only and lone-person
households. This article examines the changes in household size and number of bedrooms from 1994_95
to 2003_04. It also looks at the types of households with spare bedrooms and the size of recently
purchased new homes compared with existing stock.

Options:
proportions, stagnating, evolving, statistics, increasing, article, incidents, decreasing
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #275)

93. Changing English


English has been changing throughout its lifetime and it's still changing today. For most of us, these
changes are fine as long as they're well and truly in the past. Paradoxically, we can be curious about
word origins and the stories behind the structure we find in our language, but we experience a queasy
distaste for any change that might be happening right under our noses. There is a certain lack of
consistency. There are even language critics who are convinced that English is dying, or if not dying at
least being progressively crippled through long years of mistreatment.

Options:
curious, crippled, convinced, experience, structure, expect, lost, lack, change, kind, evidence
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #271)

94. Pupil Charity


My school in the city of London held a charity appeal. In the community, I was voted as the chairman.

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We raised 48,000 pounds and I won the first place in the end. During this period, I learnt a lot and
realized the importance of tenacity and how to rouse other pupils' awareness.

Options:
charity, tenacity, skill, rouse, raised, recognize, beg, money, earned
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #270)

95. Investment
One city will start to attract the majority of public or private investment. This could be due
to natural advantage or political decisions. This, in turn, will stimulate further investment due to the
multiplier effect and significant rural-to-urban migration. The investment in this city will be at
the expense of other cities.

Options:
some, significant, fare, natural, stimulate, disguise, majority, expense, best, important
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #268)

96. Paris
Paris is very old-- there has been a settlement there for at least 6,000 years and its shape has been
determined in part by the River Seine, and in part by the edicts of France' s rulers. But the great
boulevards we admire today are relatively new, and were constructed to prevent any more barricades
being created by the rebellious population; that work was carried out in the middle 19th century. The
earlier Paris had been in part a maze of narrow streets and alleyways. But you can imagine that the work
was not only highly expensive, but caused great distress among the half a million or so whose houses
were simply razed, and whose neighborhoods disappeared. What is done cannot usually be undone,
especially when buildings are torn down .

Options:
only, part, at, random, down, up, creating, been, simply, created
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #265)

97. Moth
Why are moths fatally attracted to the light? One solution is the old glib theory that the moths are trying
to use the flame to navigate. This explanation does not tell us, however , why it is that in many species
only males are thus attracted, and in a few, only females. What's more , if moths need to navigate, they
must be from a migrating species. Yet most of the time such moths are not migrating. Indeed most
species do not migrate at all and thus have no need of navigation.

Options:
What's more, One solution, less, This explanation, improvement, question, however, so, The behavior, Yet
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #263)

98. Revision
Timing is important for revision. Have you noticed that during the school day you get times when you
just don't care any longer? I don't mean the lessons you don't like, but the ones you find usually OK, but
on some occasions you just can't be bothered with it. You may have other things on your mind, be tired,
restless, or looking forward to what comes next. Whatever the reason, that particular lesson doesn't get
100 percent effort from you. The same is true of revision. Your mental and physical attitudes are
important. If you try to revise when you are tired or totally occupied with something else, your revision
will be inefficient and just about worthless. If you approach it feeling fresh, alert and happy, it will be so

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much easier and you will learn more, faster. However, if you make no plans and just slip in a little bit of
revision when you feel like it, you probably won't do much revision! You need a revision timetable so you
don't keep putting it off .

Options:
may, getting it wrong, attitudes, putting it off, down, can, effort, health
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #261)

99. Japan and China


At times, a broad stream of knowledge flowed from China to Japan. At other times, this transfer
was halted on one side or the other, and Japan developed on its own. But whether in isolation or not,
Japan was always itself. Everything that arrived from China was adapted to suit Japanese tastes and
needs.

Options:
adapted, removed, arrived, halted, created, explored, developed
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #172)

100. Trade-off
"It appears that in the process of evolving specialized face-recognition abilities to quickly and
accurately extract important information, there has been a trade-off where face-like images
in unexpected orientations become especially difficult to process," he says. "The reason for this trade-
off is unclear, but it probably relates to the fact that you rarely see inverted faces", says Sheehan.

Options:
designing, expect, relates, extract, unexpected, indicates, reason, unprecedented, proposition, evolving
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #257)

101. Lake Turkana


Lake Turkana is a large lake in Kenya, East Africa. This part of Africa was home to some of the first
humans. Here, archaeologists have found piles of bones ( both human and animal) and collections of
stones that humans used as tools . By carefully uncovering and examining these remains, scientists have
started to put together the story of our earliest ancestors. In 2001, a 4 million year-old skeleton was
uncovered in the area. Although a link between it and modern-day humans has not been established, the
skeleton shows the species was walking upright.

Options:
painting, bones, part, city, tools, examining, notches, weapons
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #253)

102. Smarter Organisms


Some of the most basic organisms are smarter than we thought. Rather than moving about randomly,
amoebas and plankton employ sophisticated strategies to look for food and might travel in a way
that optimizes their foraging. Immediately after an amoeba turned right, it was twice as likely to turn left
as right again, and vice versa, they told a meeting of the American Physical Society meeting in Denver,
Colorado, last week. This suggests that the cells have a rudimentary memory , being able to remember
the last direction they had just turned in.

Options:
thoughts, experience, optimizes, memory, strategies, polishes

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(APEUni Website / App FIBR #250)

103. Fingerprint
Fingerprints can prove that a suspect was actually at the scene of a crime. As long as a human entered a
crime scene, there will be traces of DNA. DNA can help the police to identify an individual to crack a
case. An institute in London can help preserve DNA and be used to match with the samples taken from
the crime scenes.

Options:
retain, prove, preserve, determine, evidence, identify, samples
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #248)

104. Recruitment
Finding challenging or rewarding employment may mean retraining and moving from a stale or boring job
in order to find your passion and pursue it. The idea is to think long range and anticipate an active
lifestyle into later years --perhaps into one' s 80s or 90s. Being personally productive may now mean
anticipating retiring in stages. This might indicate going to an alternate plan should a current career end
by choice or economic change.

Options:
passion, plan, rewarding, willing, direction, emotion
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #247)

105. Donors
Americans approached a record level of generosity last year. Of the $260.28bn given to charity in 2005,
76.5% of it came from individual donors . These people gave across the range of non-profit bodies,
from museums to religious organizations , with a heavy emphasis on disaster relief after the Asian
tsunami and US hurricanes. In total, Americans gave away 2.2% of their household income in 2005,
slightly above 40-year average of 2.1 percent.

Options:
emphasis, all, indebtedness, average, organizations, companies, donors
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #244)

106. Standard Response


The casual observer does not necessarily recognize the skill in how a teacher, for instance, responds to
a thoughtful question from a normally quiet student and how that may be very different from the
'standard response' to a commonly inquisitive or talkative student. Expert teachers are aware of what
they are doing; they monitor and adjust their teaching behaviors to bring out the best in their students.

Options:
most, talkative, skill, reserved, casual, reason, best
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #242)

107. Internet Growth


The exponential growth of the Internet was heralded , in the 1990s, as revolutionizing the production
and dissemination of information. Some people saw the internet as a means of democratizing access to
knowledge. For people concerned with African development, it seemed to offer the possibility
of leapfrogging over the technology gap that separates Africa from advanced industrialized countries.

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Options:
demonstrated, separates, signifies, concerned, connected, democratizing, heralded, leapfrogging,
reformation, dissemination, jogging
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #240)

108. Away from Home


For many first-year students, the University may be their first experience living away from home for
an extended period. It is a definite break from home. In my point of view, this is the best thing that you
can do. I know you have to fend for yourself, cook and clean after yourself, basically look after yourself
without your parents but the truth is some time in your life you are going to have to part with lovely
Mummy and Daddy. But they are only just a phone call away, and it is really good to have some
QUALITY TIME without them. The first few weeks can be a lonely period. There may be concerns about
forming the friendship. When new students look around, it may seem that everyone else is self-confident
and socially successful! The reality is that everyone has the same concerns. Increased personal freedom
can feel both wonderful and frightening . Students can come and go as they choose with no one to
hassle them. The strange environment with new kinds of procedures and new people can create the
sense of being on an emotional roller coaster. This is normal and to be expected. You meet so many
more people in the halls than if you stayed at home. The main points about living away from home are
NO PARENTS! You don't have to tell them where you're going, who you're going with, what time you'll be
coming, why you're going etc. You learn various social skills you have to get along with your roommates
Living with them can present special, sometimes intense, problems. Negotiating respect of personal
property, personal space, sleep, and relaxation needs, can be a complex task. The complexity increases
when roommates are of different backgrounds with very different values. It is unrealistic to expect that
roommates will be best friends. Meaningful, new relationships should not be expected to develop
overnight. It took a great deal of time to develop intimacy in high school friendships the same will be
true of intimacy in university friendships. You have a phone! So if you ever get homesick or miss you,
Mummy, then shes always at the end of a phone-line for you and so are your friends.

Options:
timely, exciting, natural, frightening, easily, extra, backgrounds, socially, definite, lonely, extended
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #238)

109. Good Looks


It is tempting to try to prove that good looks win votes, and many academics have tried. The difficulty is
that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and you cannot behold a politician's face without a veil of
extraneous prejudice getting in the way. Does George Bush possess a disarming grin or a
facetious smirk ? It's hard to find anyone who can look at the president without assessing him politically
as well as physically .

Options:
physically, difficulty, truth, prejudice, audience, smirk, wink, mentally
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #237)

110. Viper
The horned desert viper's ability to hunt at night always has puzzled biologists. Though it lies with
its head buried in the sand, it can strike with great precision as soon as prey appears. Now, Young and
physicists Leo van Hemmen and Paul Friedel at the Technical University of Munich in Germany have
developed a computer model of the snake's auditory system to explain how the snake "hears" its prey
without really having the ears for it. Although the vipers have internal ears that can hear frequencies

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between 200 and 1000 hertz, it is not the sound of the mouse scurrying about that they are detecting. "
The snakes don't have external eardrums ," says van Hemmen. " So unless the mouse wears boots and
starts stamping, the snake won't hear it."

Options:
head, hearing, system, eardrums, ability, senses
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #229)

111. Modern Healthcare


In the fast-changing world of modern healthcare, the job of a doctor is more like the job of chief
executive. The people who run hospitals and physicians' practices don't just need to know medicine .
They must also be able to balance budgets, motivate a large and diverse staff and make difficult
marketing and legal decisions .

Options:
stuff, decisions, staff, like, able, medicine, actions, pharmacy
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #227)

112. Walt Disney World


Walt Disney World has become a pilgrimage site partly because of the luminosity of its crosscultural and
marketing and partly because its utopian aspects appeal powerfully to real needs in the
capitalist society . Disney' s marketing is unique because it captured the symbolic essence
of childhood but the company has gained access to all public shows, comic books, dolls, apparels,
and educational film strips, which all point to the parks and each other.

Options:
sequential, utopian, population, comedy, society, unrealistic, childhood, educational
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #215)

113. American People


The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society examines U.S. history as revealed through
the experiences of all Americans, both ordinary and extraordinary. With a thought-provoking and rich
presentation, the authors explore the complex lives of Americans of all national origins and cultural
backgrounds, at all levels of society, and in all regions of the country.

Options:
experiences, events, beliefs, origins, regions
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #205)

114. Daniel Harris


Daniel Harris, a scholar of consumption and style, has observed that until photography
finally supplanted illustration as the "primary means of advertising clothing" in the 1950s, glamour
inhered less in the face of the drawing, which was by necessity schematic and generalized, than in the
sketch's attitude, posture, and gestures, especially in the strangely dainty positions of the hands.
Glamour once resided so emphatically in the stance of the model that the faces in
the illustrations cannot really be said to have expressions at all, but angles or tilts. The chin raised
upwards in a haughty look; the eyes lowered in an attitude of introspection; the head cocked at an
inquisitive or coquettish angle; or the profile presented in sharp outline, emanating power of the severity
like an emperor's bust embossed on a Roman coin .

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Options:
more, illustrations, less, memories, supplanted, embossed, notifications, expressions, regarded, state,
coin, model
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #204)

115. Canada Gallery


An exhibit that brings together for the first time landscapes painted by French impressionist Pierre-
Auguste Renoir comes to the National Gallery of Canada this June. The gallery in Ottawa worked with
the National Gallery of London and the Philadelphia Museum of Art to pull together the collection of 60
Renoir paintings from 45 public and private collections.

Options:
paintings, gets, masterpiece, muster, time, pull, comes, gallery
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #201)

116. Cheating
Although not written about extensively, a few individuals have considered the concept and act of
cheating in history as well as contemporary culture. Barton Bowyer writes that cheating "is the
advantageous distortion of perceived reality. The advantage falls to the cheater because the cheated
person misperceives what is assumed to be the real world". The cheater is taking advantage of a person,
a situation, or both . Cheating also involves the "distortion of perceived reality" or what others call
"deception". Deception can involve hiding the "true" reality or "showing" reality in a way intended to
deceive others.

Options:
both, history, later, life, perceives, misperceives
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #198)

117. McLuhan
McLuhan's preeminent theory was his idea that human history could be divided into four eras: the
acoustic age, the literary age, the print age and the electronic age. He outlined the concept in a 1962
book called The Gutenberg Galaxy, which was released just as the television was starting to become
popular. He predicted the world was entering the fourth, electronic age, which would be characterized by
a community of people brought together by technology. He called it the "global village", and said it would
be an age when everyone had access to the same information through technology. The "global village"
could be understood to be the internet.

Options:
divided, will, submerged, released, underlay, outlined, closed, predicted, access
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #194)

118. Music
What is music? In one sense, this is an easy question . Even the least musical among us can recognize
pieces of music when we hear them and name a few canonical examples . We know there are different
kinds of music and, even if our knowledge of music is restricted, we know which kinds we like and which
kinds we do not.

Options:
volume, question, examples, knowledge, issue, classes
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #193)

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119. Biological Systems


Since biological systems with signs of complex engineering are unlikely to have arisen from accidents or
coincidences, their organization must come from natural selection, and hence should
have functions useful for survival and reproduction in the environments in which humans evolved.

Options:
organization, complex, complete, ideas, functions, behaved
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #187)

120. Psychoanalytic and Behaviorist


Elements of both the psychoanalytic and behaviorist theories are arranged in modern approaches to
personality. Advances in neuroscience have begun to bridge the gap between biochemistry and behavior,
but there is still a great deal that needs to be explained. Without a consistent understanding of
personality, how can we begin to categorize risk takers? If we cannot, we will be unable
to compare their genes with those of others.

Options:
media, confront, compare, pick, categorize, bridge, arranged, hit
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #186)

121. Sharkbite
Sharks killed four people and bit 58 others around the world in 2006, a comparatively dull year for
dangerous encounters between the two species, scientists said in their annual shark attack census on
Tuesday. Sharkbite numbers grew steadily over the last century as humans reproduced exponentially
and spent more time at the seashore. But the numbers have been stabilized over the past five years as
overfishing thinned the shark population near shore and swimmers got smarter about the risks of wading
into certain areas, Burgess said.

Options:
grew, increase, spent, stabilized, thinned, spend, vague
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #163)

122. Material Culture Studies


The study of objects constitutes a relatively new field of academic enquiry, commonly referred to as
material culture studies. Students of material culture seek to understand societies, both past and
present, through careful study and observation of the physical or material objects generated by those
societies. The source material for study is exceptionally wide, including not just human-made artefacts
but also natural objects and even preserved body parts (as you saw in the film 'Encountering a body’).
Some specialists in the field of material culture have made bold claims for its pre-eminence. In certain
disciplines, it reigns supreme . It plays a critical role in archaeology, for example, especially in
circumstances where written evidence is either patchy or non-existent. In such cases , objects are all
scholars have to rely on in forming an understanding of ancient peoples. Even where written documents
survive, the physical remains of literate cultures often help to provide new and interesting insights into
how people once lived and thought, as in the case of medieval and post-medieval archaeology. In
analysing the physical remains of societies, both past and present, historians, archaeologists,
anthropologists and others have been careful to remind us that objects mean different things to different
people.

Options:
experiment, observation, including, In such cases, includes, as in, supreme, power, In this way, as a result

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of
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #160)

123. Fresh Water


Everybody needs fresh water. Without water people, animals & plants cannot live. Although a few plants
and animals can make do with saltwater, all humans need a constant supply of fresh water to stay fit &
healthy. Of the total supply of water on the Earth, only about 3% of it is fresh, most of that is stored as
ice snow at the poles, or is so deep under the surface of the Earth that we cannot get to it. Despite so
much of the water being out of reach, we still have a million cubic miles of it that we can use. That's
about 4, 300,000 cubic kilometers of freshwater to share out between most of the plants, animals &
people on the planet.

Options:
With, Within, Without, fine, fit, far, deep, may, cannot, can
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #155)

124. Tokyo's Skytree


Team Lab's digital mural at the entrance to Tokyo’s Skytree, one of the world’s monster skyscrapers, is
40 metres long and immensely detailed. But however massive this form of digital art becomes — and it's
a form subject to rampant inflation — Inoko's theories about seeing are based on more modest and
often pre-digital sources. An early devotee of comic books and cartoons (no surprises there), then
computer games, he recognised when he started to look at traditional Japanese art that all those forms
had something in common : something about the way they captured space. In his discipline of physics,
Inoko had been taught that photographic lenses, along with the conventions of western art, were the
logical way of transforming three dimensions into two, conveying the real world on to a flat
surface. But Japanese traditions employed “a different spatial logic”, as he said in an interview last year
with j-collabo.org, that is “uniquely Japanese”.

Options:
however, therefore, different, in common, similar, along with, But, So
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #150)

125. Plagiarism
How is plagiarism detected? It is usually easy for lecturers to identify plagiarism within students' work.
The University also actively investigates plagiarism in students’ assessed work through electronic
detection software called Turnitin. This software compares students' work against text on the Internet, in
journal articles and within previously submitted work (from LSBU and other institutions) and highlights
any matches it finds .

Options:
to, finds, realizes, against, compares, submitted, given, identify
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #141)

126. Milky Way System


Stars and the material between them are almost always found in gigantic stellar systems called galaxies.
Our own galaxy, the Milky Way System, happens to be one of the two largest systems in the Local Group
of two dozen or so galaxies. The other is the Andromeda galaxy; it stretches more than one hundred
thousand light-years from one end to the other, and it is located about two million light-years distant
from us.

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Options:
huge, stretches, located, route, solar, sketches, concerning, largest, stellar
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #135)

127. People’s Savings


Friedman showed that, while people do save more when they earn more, it is only to spend later. Those
in work save against a time of sickness, unemployment or old age - but because the sick, unemployed
and elderly spend their savings, overall consumption does not fall as people get richer.

Options:
consumption, among, only, against, income, merely
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #134)

128. Life changes


Research has suggested that major stressors in our lives are life changes , for example, moving house,
marriage or relationship breakdown. Work-related factors, including unemployment and boredom, are
also common causes of stress. Differences in personality may also play a part.

Options:
changes, results, causes, consisting, including, play, containing, account, experience
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #133)

129. The Wholeness of Thought


The writer-or, for that matter, the speaker conceives his thought whole, as a unity, but must express it
in a line of words; the reader — or listener — must take this line of symbols and from it reconstruct the
original wholeness of thought. There is little difficulty in conversation, because the listener receives
innumerable cues from the physical expressions of the speaker; there is a dialogue, and the listener
can cut in at any time. The advantage of group discussion is that people can overcome linear sequence
of words by converging on ideas from different directions; which makes for wholeness of thought. But
the reader is confronted by line upon line of printed symbols, without benefits of physical tone and
emphasis or the possibility of dialogue or discussion.

Options:
much, tone, converging, little, concentrating, reconstruct, reshape, cut, get, installation
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #132)

130. Impressionist Painters


Early impressionist painters were considered radical in their time because they broke many of the rules
of the picture-making that had been set by earlier generations . They found many of their subjects in life
around them rather than in history, which was then the accepted source of subject matter for paintings.

Options:
radical, outcome, subjects, conciliatory, generations, creatures, source
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #126)

131. Higher Education Qualifications


Higher education qualifications provide a substantial advantage in the labour market. Higher
education graduates are less likely to be unemployed and tend to have higher incomes than those
without such qualifications. Having a highly educated workforce can also lead to increased productivity
and innovation and make Australia more competitive in the global market.

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Options:
aggressive, workforce, weakness, grudge, competitive, tend, graduates, advantage
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #113)

132. Steven Pinker


Steven Pinker, a cognitive psychologist best known for his book "The Language Instinct", has called
music "auditory cheesecake, an exquisite confection crafted to tickle the sensitive spots of at least six
of our mental faculties." If it vanished from our species, he said, "the rest of our lifestyle would
be virtually unchanged." Others have argued that, on the contrary , music, along with art and literature, is
part of what makes people human; its absence would have a brutalising effect. Philip Ball, a British
science writer and an avid music enthusiast, comes down somewhere in the middle. He says that music
is ingrained in our auditory, cognitive and motor functions. We have a music instinct as much as a
language instinct, and could not rid ourselves of it if we tried.

Options:
sense, virtually, vanished, contrast, remained, avid, avoidable, ingrained, instinct, contrary
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #112)

133. Sun and Moon


In these distant times the sun was seen to make its daily journey across the sky. At night the moon
appeared. Every new night the moon waxed or waned a little and on a few nights it did not appear at all.
At night the great dome of the heavens was dotted with tiny specks of light. They became known as the
stars. It was thought that every star in the heavens had its own purpose and that the secrets of the
universe could be discovered by making a study of them. It was well known that there were wandering
stars, they appeared in different nightly positions against their neighbors and they became known as
planets. It took centuries, in fact it took millennia, for man to determine the true nature of these
wandering stars and to evolve a model of the world to accommodate them and to predict their positions
in the sky.

Options:
pivot, determine, assume, predict, secrets, seemed, became, journey
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #103)

134. Cuteness
Cuteness in offspring is a potent protective mechanism that ensures survival for otherwise
completely dependent infants. Previous research has linked cuteness to early ethological ideas of a
"kindchenschema" (infant schema) where infant facial features serve as "innate releasing mechanisms"
for instinctual caregiving behaviors.

Options:
invalid, ensures, dependent, instinctual, proper, proves, deliberate, guaranteed, potent
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #92)

135. The Origins of Music


Music is an important part of our lives. We connect and interact with it daily and use it as a way of
projecting our self-identities to the people around us. The music we enjoy - whether it's country or
classical, rock n' roll or rap - reflects who we are. But where did music, at its core, first come from? It's
a puzzling question that may not have a definitive answer. One leading researcher, however, has
proposed that the key to understanding the origin of music is nestled snugly in the loving bond between

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mother and child. In a lecture at the University of Melbourne, Richard Parncutt, an Australian-born
professor of systematic musicology, endorsed the idea that music originally spawned from 'motherese' -
the playful voices mothers adopt when speaking to infants and toddlers. As the theory goes, increased
human brain sizes caused by evolutionary changes occurring between one and 2,000,000 years ago
resulted in earlier births, more fragile infants and a critical need for stronger relationships between
mothers and their newborn babies. According to Parncutt, who is based at the University of Graz in
Austria, 'motherese' arose as a way to strengthen this maternal bond and to help ensure an infant's
survival.

Options:
shows, adopt, children, ensure, individuals, necessary, people, infants, critical, leading, means, protect,
reflects
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #88)

136. Australian Women Novelist


In the literary world, it was an accepted assumption that the 1970s was a time of unprecedented growth
in homegrown Australian fiction. And everybody was reading and talking about books by young Australian
women. But it was not until recently that a researcher was able to measure just how many novels were
published in that decade, and she found that there had been a decline in novels by Australian writers
overall, but confirmed an increase in women's novels. It is this sort of research - testing ideas about
literary history - that is becoming possible with the spread of 'Digital Humanities.' The intersection of
Humanities and digital technologies is opening up opportunities in the fields of literature, linguistics,
history and language that were not possible without computational methods and digitised resources
to bring information together in an accessible way. Transcription software is being developed for turning
scans of books and documents into text, as the field of digital humanities really takes off .

Options:
not until recently, takes off, bring, until right now, takes over, is impossible, operate, were impossible
unless, is becoming possible, were not possible without
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #86)

137. Genius
Genius, in the popular conception, is inextricably tied up with precocity - doing something truly creative,
we're inclined to think, requires the freshness and exuberance and energy of youth. Orson Welles made
his masterpiece, "Citizen Kane," at twenty-five. Herman Melville wrote a book a year through his late
twenties, culminating, at age thirty-two, with "Moby-Dick." Mozart wrote his breakthrough Piano
Concerto No. 9 in E-Flat-Major at the age of twenty-one. In some creative forms, like lyric poetry,
the importance of precocity has hardened into an iron law. How old was T. S. Eliot when he wrote "The
Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" ("I grow old ... I grow old")? Twenty-three. "Poets peak young,"
the creativity researcher James Kaufman maintains. Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, the author of "Flow",
agrees: "The most creative lyric verse is believed to be that written by the young." According to the
Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner, a leading authority on creativity, "Lyric poetry is
a domain where talent is discovered early, burns brightly, and then peters out at an early age."

Options:
talent, industry, key, intellectual, domain, originality, creativity, icon, across, time, age, through,
importance, authority
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #83)

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138. Planes
By 2025, government experts' say, America's skies will swarm with three times as many as planes, and
not just the kind of traffic flying today. There will be thousands of tiny jets, seating six or fewer, at
airliner altitudes , competing for space with remotely operated drones that need help avoiding mid-
air collisions , and with commercially operated rockets carrying satellites and tourists into space.

Options:
thousands, satellites, collisions, much, altitudes, many, times, time, least, piles, traffic, passengers
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #74)

139. Ikebana
More than simply putting flowers in a container , ikebana is a disciplined art form in which nature and
humanity are brought together. Contrary to the idea of a particolored or multicolored arrangement of
blossoms, ikebana often emphasizes other areas of the plant , such as its stems and leaves, and puts
emphasis on shape, line, and form. Though ikebana is an expression of creativity, certain rules govern its
form.

Options:
crevice, container, commitment, creature, arrangement, plant, expression, illusion
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #71)

140. Kashmiri
Two decades ago, Kashmiri houseboat-owners rubbed their hands every spring at the prospect of the
annual influx of tourists . From May to October, the hyacinth-choked waters of Dal Lake saw flotillas of
vividly painted Shikaras carrying Indian families, boho westerners, young travelers and wide-eyed
Japanese. Carpet-sellers honed their skills, as did purveyors of anything remotely embroidered while the
house boats initiated by the British Raj provided unusual accommodation. Then, in 1989, separatist and
Islamist militancy attacked and everything changed. Hindus and countless Kashmiri business people
bolted, at least 35,000 people were killed in a decade, the lake stagnated, and the houseboats rotted.
Any foreigners venturing there risked their lives , proved in 1995 when five young Europeans were
kidnapped and murdered.

Options:
attacked, competed, festivals, tourists, vocations, waters, lives
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #72)

141. Sportswomen
Sportswomen's records are important and need to be preserved. And if the paper records don't exist ,
we need to get out and start interviewing people, not to put too fine a point on it, while we still have
a chance . After all, if the records aren't kept in some form or another, then the stories are lost too.

Options:
appear, focus, admit, exist, opportunity, point, chance, lost, disappear
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #68)

142. University Science


The closures have been blamed on a fall in student applications, but money is a factor : chemistry
degrees are expensive to provide - compared with English, for example - and some scientists say that
the way the government concentrates research funding on a small number of top departments, such as
Bristol, increases the risk .

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Options:
profit, risk, motive, fall, rise, funding, factor
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #14)

143. Recruitment Tool


The six programs represented here report that word of mouth is by far their most effective recruitment
tool, particularly because it typically yields candidates who are similar to previously successful
candidates. Moreover, satisfied candidates and school systems are likely to spread the word without any
special effort on the part of their program. Other, less personal advertising approaches, such as radio
and television spots and local newspaper advertisements, have also proven fruitful, especially for newer
programs. New York uses a print advertising campaign to inspire dissatisfied professionals to become
teachers. Subway posters send provocative messages to burned-out or disillusioned professionals.
"Tired of diminishing returns? Invest in NYC kids" was just one of many Madison Avenue-inspired
invitations. News coverage has also proven to be a boon to alternative programs. When the New York
Times, for example, ran a story about the district’s alternative route program, 2,100 applications flooded
in over the next six weeks.

Options:
effective, strength, boom, various, across, ultimately, boon, effort, especially, spread
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #181)

144. Chaucer’s Tales


Chaucer's Tales quickly spread through England in the early fifteenth century. Scholars feel The
Canterbury Tales reached their instant and continued success because of their accurate and
oftentimes vivid portrayal of human nature, unchanged through 600 years since Chaucer' s time George
Macy, founder of The Limited Editions Club wrote on The Canterbury Tales.

Options:
reached, arrived, spread, revealed, pictographic, vivid
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #183)

145. Australian Business Etiquette (Incomplete)


Points: Key words: Business etiquette in Australia, America and European ones of openness, blunt and
transparent, but (differs) from the manners taken in Asia, which are less blunt, more (hierarchical) and
less egalitarian, than it was, … (transparent). Options: contributes, unusable
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #169)

146. Group Communication (Incomplete)


Points: About how to confidently communicate in a group. ... be confident while (making/offering)
presentations ; ... be in ( ) during presentations ... try to (control) the group; ... don't be flustered when
asked (basic) questions. Options: basic, difficult, control, offering, making.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #168)

147. University Ranking (Incomplete)


Points: About a university. Its ranking is mentioned, then its enrollment. ... (ranked) top university
attracting the best students and (participating) project ... the most (versed) ... Options: involving,
mannered.
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #177)

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148. Teenage Daughter


Your teenage daughter gets top marks in school, captains the debate team, and volunteers at a shelter
for homeless people. But while driving the family car, she text-messages her best friend and rear-ends
another vehicle. How can teens be so clever, accomplished, and responsible-and reckless at the same
time ? Easily, according to two physicians at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School
(HMS) who have been exploring the unique structure and chemistry of the adolescent brain. "The
teenage brain is not just an adult brain with fewer miles on it," says Frances E. Jensen, a professor of
neurology. "It's a paradoxical time of development . These are people with very sharp brains, but they're
not quite sure what to do with them." Research during the past 10 years, powered by technology such as
functional magnetic resonance imaging, has revealed that young brains have both fast-growing synapses
and sections that remain unconnected.

Options:
explored, adult, respectively, sharp, exploring, unique, adolescent, at the same time, both, development
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #10)

149. Allure of Book


The allure of the book has always been negative and positive , for the texts and pictures between the
covers have helped many young readers to discover and grasp the world around them in a pleasurable
and meaningful way. But the allure has also enabled authors and publishers to prey upon young readers'
dispositions and desires and to sell them a menu that turns out to be junk food.

Options:
prey, beneficial, sell, invent, positive, show, present, read, find, pray, discover
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #96)

150. Open Door Policy


An "Open Door" policy provides far maintenance in a certain territory of equal commercial and industrial
rights for the nationals of all countries. As a specific policy, it was first advanced by the United States,
but it was rooted in the typical most-favored-nation clause of the treaties concluded with China after
the Opium War (1839-42). Although the Open Door is generally associated with China, it also received
recognition at the Berlin Conference of 1885, which declared that no power could levy preferential duties
in the Congo basin.

Options:
declaration, blatant, rooted, associated, disturb, specific, levy
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #2)

151. Questionnaires
Using questionnaires to gather information from people is a well-used quantitative research method. It is
considered to be an easy option , but in reality it is actually very difficult to design a good questionnaire.
Question type, clarity of language, length of questionnaire and layout are just some of the many factors ,
which all need to be carefully considered when designing the questionnaire. Another issue,
which requires some deliberation, is how to ensure a high response rate .

Options:
option, opportunity, selection, influences, requires, factors, rate
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #45)

152. Quake-resistant Structures

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In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood,
that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and
steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The
most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings,
the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake's vibrations. When ground shakes and the
building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new
designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.

Options:
flexible, force, security, opposed, recent, reduce, expensive, resistant
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #56)

153. Graduation Gifts


The practice of giving graduation gifts seems to be alive and well, despite hard economic times. A
recent study in the US has shown that while families may not have as much to spend, they are being
more creative in the gifts they bestow. Lavish celebrations and large lump sums seem to have gone by
the wayside in favour of smaller, more thoughtful gifts.

Options:
generous, hard, creative, money, sums, favorable
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #23)

154. Productivity
Technology and flexible work practices have had a significant impact on today's busy companies. In
terms of productivity, it seems the focus has shifted from managing employees in the workplace to
monitoring their total output no matter where they choose to work. Whether this trend will continue
depends to some extent on how well it works for everyone concerned.

Options:
focus, deals, way, practices, selling, output, extent
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #19)

155. Consumption Pattern


Differential rates of price change can also shape consumption patterns. To satisfy their needs and
wants, consumers sometimes choose to substitute spending on a particular product or service with
spending on an alternative product or service in response to a relative price movement of the items.

Options:
convince, pending, satisfy, substitute, assure, relative
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #15)

156. Answering Questions


You have about 30 minutes to answer each question. You must take account of how many marks
are available for each part when you answer it. Even if you think you can write more, don't spend 15
minutes answering a part worth only 5 marks. Leave space at the end of your answer and come back to
it if you have time to spare later. And if you can't think of an answer to some part, leave a space and
move on to the next part. Don't write about something else if you don't know the correct answer — this
is just a waste of your valuable time (and the examiner's).

Options:

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time, accelerated, routine, valuable, answering, available


(APEUni Website / App FIBR #9)

157. Thea Proctor


Thea Proctor was just sixteen when her entry at the Bowral Art Competition caught the eye of the judge,
Arthur Streeton. It was the first of many associations with art world recruits .The next year saw her at
the Julian Ashton Art School in the illustrious company of Elioth Gruner, Sydney Long and George
Lambert, for whom she often posed and who remained her great friend until his death in 1930. Lambert's
paintings and sketches of Proctor emphasize the elegance of her dress. A keen interest in fashion was
just one aspect of her fascination with design, and she saw herself as an early style guru on a quest to
rid Australian art of "its lack of imagination and inventive design". Skilled in watercolor and drawing,
Proctor did not limit herself to paper, canvases or to her popular magazine illustrations; she designed
theater sets and a restaurant interior and wrote on a range of subjects from flower arranging to the
colors of cars. It made for a busy and varied life but, as she said, she was not the sort of person "who
could sit at home and knit socks."

Options:
shrink, remained, varied, aspect, limit, experiment, recruits, posture
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #5)

158. Dark Matter


A new interdisciplinary centre for the study of the frontiers of the universe, from the tiniest subatomic
particle to the largest chain of galaxies, has been formed at the University of Texas at Austin. The Texas
Cosmology Center will be a way for the university's departments of Astronomy and Physics
to collaborate on research that concerns them both. "This centre will bring the two departments
together in an area where they overlap in the physics of the very early universe," said Dr. Neal Evans,
Astronomy Department chair. Astronomical observations have revealed the presence of dark matter and
dark energy, discoveries that challenge our knowledge of fundamental physics. And today's leading
theories in physics involve energies so high that no earthbound particle accelerator can test them. They
need the universe as their laboratory . Dr. Steven Weinberg, Nobel laureate and professor of physics at
the university, called the advent of the centre "a very exciting development" for that department.

Options:
laboratory, discoveries, collaborate, destination, overlap, polish, vicious, involve
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #4)

159. Papal Reform


Since the last papal reform, several proposals have been offered to make the Western calendar more
useful or regular . Very few reforms, such as the rather different decimal French Republican and Soviet
calendars, had gained official acceptance but each was put out of use shortly after its introduction.

Options:
uniform, impeachments, decisions, acceptance, regular, proposals
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #3)

160. Botswana
Although Botswana is rich in diamonds, it has high unemployment and stratified socioeconomic classes.
In 1999, the nation suffered its first budget deficit in 16 years because of a slump in the international
diamond market. Yet Botswana remains one of the wealthiest and most stable countries on the

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African continent .

Options:
suffered, endure, while, continent, remains, enjoyed, because
(APEUni Website / App FIBR #1)

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Multiple Choice (Single)


1. Bamboo (Incomplete)
Points: About why Chinese like bamboo. Option: spirituality (correct); beauty.
(APEUni Website / App RMCS #169)

2. Iceberg
Original:
B-15 broke off from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. It was the largest iceberg ever documented, with a
surface area of more than 4,200 square miles—more than twice the size of the state of Delaware. After
it started breaking up, the largest of its pieces, B-15a, drifted along the coast of Antarctica, lingered on
a shallow seamount, and collided with an ice tongue, before running aground and breaking again. Late in
2007, the largest remaining chunk floated out into the South Pacific where, in the warmer water, it
began to disintegrate. For the whole of the next year, the ocean was noisier than usual. All the way up
past the equator, 4,350 miles or so away from where B-15a broke apart, hydrophones that scientists
from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had suspended underwater were
picking up strange signals. Another set of hydrophones, this one in the Juan Fernández Islands, off the
coast of Chile, picked up the noise, too, even louder. When the scientists used the two sets of data to
determine the source of the noise, they found the most likely culprits: B-15a and C-19a, another giant
iceberg. Twenty years ago, not so long before B-15 broke off from Antarctica, “we didn’t even know
that icebergs made noise,” says Haru Matsumoto, an ocean engineer at NOAA who has studied these
sounds. But in the past few years, scientists have started to learn to distinguish the eerie, haunting
sounds of iceberg life—ice cracking, icebergs grinding against each other, an iceberg grounding on the
seafloor—and measure the extent to which those sounds contribute to the noise of the ocean. While
they’re just now learning to listen, the sounds of ice could help them understand the behavior and
breakup of icebergs and ice shelves as the poles warm up.

Question:
Where did the largest piece off from B-15 eventually go?

Options:
A) Seafloor
B) Antarctica
C) Chile
D) South Pacific

Answer:
B
(APEUni Website / App RMCS #165)

3. Social Scientists
Original:
Social scientists use particular methods to gather qualitative evidence, from observation to interview,
but they also use autobiographical accounts, journalism, and other documentary material to flesh out and
add meaning to statistics. As with reading numbers, reading textual evidence requires us to practice, to
set time aside to learn how to do it, and to understand the conventions of writing which operate in the
different forms of writing we encounter. One of the main problems with reading textual evidence,
though, is that, unlike the relationship most of us have with numbers where we may use them at a pretty
basic level, most of us are, if anything, over-familiar with words. When we want to understand their value

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as social science evidence we need to forget how familiar we are with first person accounts and
everyday speech - for example, in newspapers, magazines, and books - and learn a different approach
to them. Social scientists use observation, interviews and even print journalism as evidence for the
claims they make. They may collect evidence through questionnaires with pre-set questions and by
open-ended interviews which allow respondents to speak for themselves. They may observe social
relations explicitly as social scientists or may participate themselves in a particular community to gain
'inside' information. Social scientists also draw on print journalism on occasion and may use the same
sources, for example official statistics, and the work of other social scientists to support their claims. We
need to remember, though, that journalists do not need to present the same rigorous referencing and
support for their claims as social scientists are required to do. Most importantly, newspaper and
magazine articles are written under commercial pressures; for example they must help to sell the
newspaper by being deliberately provocative, or by reflecting the dominant views of its readers.

Question:
According to this passage, what do social scientists use written sources to do?

Options:
A) Formulating questionnaires and interview questions.
B) Advising them on how to collect qualitative evidence.
C) Adding information to other data they have collected.
D) Change their understanding of numbers.

Answer:
C
(APEUni Website / App RMCS #115)

4. John Robertson
Original:
When he was awarded an Honorary Degree by the University of Newcastle, even John Robertson himself
must surely have looked back in wonder at his astonishing rise to success. The year was 1910, and those
assembled were to hear not only of his generosity to the University, which enabled it to contribute to the
pioneering research into tropical diseases being carried out at that time, but also of his humanitarian
work in southern Africa, where he was ahead of his time in improving the working conditions of local
mine workers. To those who knew John in his youth, it will have come as no surprise to hear of his
success. He was now enjoying the rewards of the fierce determination, desire to succeed and
extraordinary ability to acquire knowledge, which they had noticed in the young man.

Question:
What does the reader of this text learn about John Robertson?

Options:
A) He was born in Africa.
B) His abilities were evident at a young age.
C) He studied medicine.
D) He completed his degree in 1910.

Answer:
B
(APEUni Website / App RMCS #114)

5. Linguistic Turn

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Original:
In recent years history has experienced a 'linguistic turn' while literary studies have undergone a
'historical turn', making this combination of subjects stronger than ever. Knowledge of the past
contextualises literary artefacts, while the forensic literary skills of the linguist are vital for interrogating
historical documents. Historians have to be aware of genre, plot and rhetorical techniques in the creation
both of their sources and their own arguments, while linguists need to appreciate the social and political
concerns that are woven into literary works. This degree brings these two skill sets together.

Question:
What is the aim of the author?

Options:
A) To introduce a new academic subject to us.
B) To distinguish the two subjects in terms of academic importance.
C) To criticize the combination of the two subjects.
D) To foresee a new academic trend.

Answer:
A
(APEUni Website / App RMCS #113)

6. Lighthouse (Incomplete)
Points: 要点:欧洲国家有⼀航空公司收购⼀个灯塔改造成旅馆,很多国际旅客想体验,旅游⼈数增加。 选
项:航空公司拥有这个⼩旅馆。(答案)
(APEUni Website / App RMCS #106)

7. Euripides (Incomplete)
Points: 要点:介绍古希腊剧作家欧⾥庇得斯 Euripides 问该作家的作品有什么特点?不再关注英雄式的主
题,更加注重平⺠的普通⽣活
(APEUni Website / App RMCS #97)

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D. Listening
Summarize Spoken Text
Audio Available: There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at
APEUni Website / App to listen.

1. Money Collection (Incomplete)


Points: Modern businesses collected smaller to larger money in 19th century. Stock market is a money
program. Keywords: Facebook, Google, stock market, interim, not outsourcing, economic trade, penny.
(APEUni Website / App SST #654)

2. Global Economic Changes (Incomplete)


Points: Key words: changes in recent years, fairness, unfair, unjust, justice, economy changes in global
...
(APEUni Website / App SST #653)

3. Cities (Incomplete)
Points: A lecture by an old man with a high speech rate, with almost each sentence having 'cities'. Cities
are the mother of invention. Key words: engineering, architecture, invention.
(APEUni Website / App SST #652)

4. Universe History (Incomplete)


Points: Stars merge in universe, not seeming to work so well... ... history of mathematics and physics of
hundred years...
(APEUni Website / App SST #651)

5. Food Calculation (Incomplete)


Points: A video about a girl who is doing in clinical research on calculation of food portion size by using
fingers.

Answer:
q
(APEUni Website / App SST #650)

6. International Law (Incomplete)


Points: An old male with a high speech rate, unclear. ... international law ... wall (wars? walls?) ... military
force. How everyone stay with each other is called international law. Key words: painful lesson, set of
rules, thirty years, one hundred years, no peace in 30 or 100 years started in 1648, ended with wars,
implication function, power, international law, dominant power, historical perspective, united states,
Australia, between states, strains, military force.
(APEUni Website / App SST #649)

7. Sound of Words (Incomplete)


Points: About the importance of words and the sound of words. The sound of words is a key element to
the brain, which can help represent the world and yourself. Words can express a large number of
concepts. As an example high school graduates are mentioned. Phone numbers are also mentioned.
(APEUni Website / App SST #648)

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8. US immigration (Incomplete)
Points: About immigration in the US. In the first half of the lecture. Immigration contributes to the
country's overall economy and increases community job opportunities. Whether illegal immigrants should
be sent back to their original countries is mentioned. Such an issue needs global cooperation.
(APEUni Website / App SST #647)

9. Women Contribution (Incomplete)


Points: Woman who have immigrated to US have untapped potentials, but have not contributed enough
to economy, society and other fields. Keywords: entrepreneur(entrepreneurship?), career, UK or US.
(APEUni Website / App SST #645)

10. Origin of Species (Audio Available)


Original:
In The Origin of Species, Darwin provided abundant evidence that life on Earth has evolved over time,
and he proposed natural selection as the primary mechanism for that change. He observed that
individuals differ in their inherited traits and that selection acts on such differences, leading to
evolutionary change. Although Darwin realized that variation in heritable traits is a prerequisite for
evolution , he did not know precisely how organisms pass heritable traits to their offspring. Just a few
years after Darwin published The Origin of Species, Gregor Mendel wrote a groundbreaking paper on
inheritance in pea plants. In that paper, Mendel proposed a model of inheritance in which organisms
transmit discrete heritable units (now called genes) to their offspring. Although Darwin did not know
about genes, Mendel’s paper set the stage for understanding the genetic differences on which evolution
is based.
(APEUni Website / App SST #644)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

11. Cosmology (Incomplete)


Points: About the relationship between maths and cosmology, with 'mathematics' mentioned. During the
1970s, the lecturer was a physician, working on cosmology. Scientists have been trying to use maths to
explain the universe. We can find maths almost everywhere in nature and maths is the underlying system
to explain the universe and nature.
(APEUni Website / App SST #643)

12. City and Civilization (Incomplete)


Points: About city and civilization. When 'city' was defined is mentioned. A city began with communal
culture, and then architecture, and trades developed. A city is the mother of civilization. A city improved
transportation and architecture, and helped people become architects. Then it mentions how within a
city they built up distribution center to transport resources. Key word: warfare, geography, science,
products, position, collection of resources, map of world, agriculture, engineering, contacts with
civilization, heading line.
(APEUni Website / App SST #642)

13. Journalism and Internet (Audio Available)


Original:
David Olivia Garcia is a co-host of New Mexico in Focus and is also the managing editor for the New
Mexico Independent, which is an online news website, he says that the Internet has some great benefits
for journalism. The Internet is this new, amazing medium. Not so new: it's been around quite some time

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now. But it's maturing as, among other things, a place for journalism. In a sense, the Internet allows you
to tell stories better than in a newspaper or on television. For this reason, you can do it all online: you
can have the written word, you can have still photographs, you can have video. You can link and kind of
connect to the other journalism that has been done on a given topic. So it's not like you're in a vacuum.
The Internet has had a negative impact on these papers. However, John Fleck, who is a columnist for the
Albuquerque Journal and also has his own blog, says that he doesn't think that's entirely the case. It
really makes me more efficient as a journalist in terms of information gathering, confirmation, helping me
get the background necessary to write a story. So it's really good for that.
(APEUni Website / App SST #640)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

14. Singapore (Incomplete)


Points: About Singapore population and multiculturalism. .... a professor from the University of Chicago
... a professor from university of Durham ... A lot of other professors are mentioned, too. A young man's
voice, very fast with a British accent. 'city future' and 'survive' are mentioned a few times. The final
sentence is full of 'professor's. Key words: Glasgow, globalization, protect growth, the cities to survive.
(APEUni Website / App SST #639)

15. Music Recorder (Incomplete)


Points: The invention of the music recorder helps preserve music, as painting preserves images. People
record music on a disk and can play it in phonographs over again and again. This changed the state of
music and people can hardly imagine the way music education was conducted in the past. Nowadays
people can learn music. Music record is a form of existence of memory. The first two sentences have
three or four numbers, in which the last one is 1890 or 1819. 'music' is repeatedly mentioned. Key words:
of memory, death.
(APEUni Website / App SST #638)

16. Social Diversity (Incomplete)


Points: About social diversity. ... what makes social diversity ... ... how we can maintain social diversity ...
... how social diversity can make us different from others. Some examples of social diversity are given.
Key words: multiculturalism, no single factor.
(APEUni Website / App SST #637)

17. Accent and Dialect (Incomplete)


Points: A video shot in a classroom, in which a female is talking about accent and dialect. There is a
PPT, in which two bullet points are displayed: the first one is '... in ... mastery ...'. It is not strange that an
adult has an accent if he or she learn two or three languages. An accent does not matter. Accent has
nothing to do with others but pronunciation. ... learning from other languages ... Key words: goal, from 12
years old.
(APEUni Website / App SST #636)

18. Women Contribution (Incomplete)


Points: The contribution made by women is increasingly great in society. Women can be entrepreneurs,
can be professors, and so on. Immigration has been increased ... ... illegal ... legally ... The immigrants
who become entrepreneurs can offer jobs. The introduction of the course ... more content in the paper
or something ... Currently the debate on the topic is one side, not comprehensive. The course will focus
on the immigration policy. Key words: the United Kingdom, panel, bring advantage forward, 18th century,

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19th century.
(APEUni Website / App SST #635)

19. Dialect (Incomplete)


Points: By a male lecturer with a high speech rate. The differences between 'dialect' and 'accent' are
mentioned. And 'accent' is the way you speak. Dialects are influenced by parents, geology, schools, and
employment(not sure). People borrowed words from other sources. Key words: standard English, store in
your mind, basic, pronunciation, sound, grammar, situation, relationship.
(APEUni Website / App SST #634)

20. Trade System (Incomplete)


Points: Many countries have participated in trade organizations, such as WTO. The lecturer's hometown
in the Middle East (?) has changed in two decades. Cars, as the symbol of the change, are assembled ...
imported, and consumers are happy. Some people still believe they can create an inside economy,
protest WTO and rally on the street. Some countries have ceased importing cars assembled in Ireland
because people object international trading and oppose imported goods. That's impossible. You can't
say that if only international trade and ... are banned the country will develop. The final sentence: It is
clear that a rule-based ... in national trading system is a good thing.
(APEUni Website / App SST #633)

21. Black Fly (Incomplete)


Points: Black fly bites cause blindness. Black flies use blade-like mouthparts to slash the skin and feed
on blood. Bites are concentrated on exposed areas of skin, especially along the hairline, feet, ankles and
arms. In the West Africa, one person may get ten thousand bites each year. Bites can produce reactions
from small red spots with little or no irritation to a lot of irritation and swelling. Volvulus following
repeated bites by infected black flies can lead to blindness. Persons with heavy infections will usually
have one or more of the three conditions: skin rash (usually itchy), eye diseases, and nodules under the
skin. These flies hide in the skin during daytime and migrate from the skin to the surface at night, which
is a result of evolution selection.
(APEUni Website / App SST #632)

22. African American Rights (Audio Available)


Original:
During this period of time, there was a huge surge of activism taking place to reverse this discrimination
and injustice. Activists worked together and used non-violent protest and specific acts of targeted civil
disobedience, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Greensboro Woolworth Sit-Ins, in order to
bring about change. Much of this organizing and activism took place in the Southern part of the United
States; however, people from all over the country—of all races and religions—joined activists to proclaim
their support and commitment to freedom and equality. For example, on August 28, 1963, 250,000
Americans came to Washington, D.C. for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. They came to
have their voices heard and listen to speeches by many civil rights leaders, especially Martin Luther King,
Jr., who delivered what would become one of the most influential speeches in history. In the aftermath of
World War II, African American civil rights efforts were hampered by ideological splits. The Southern
system of white supremacy was accompanied by the expansion of European and American imperial
control over nonwhite people in Africa and Asia as well as in island countries of the Pacific and
Caribbean regions. Like African Americans, most nonwhite people throughout the world were colonized
or economically exploited and denied basic rights, such as the right to vote.
(APEUni Website / App SST #630)

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There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

23. Fish (Audio Available)


Original:
Fish are important because they help maintain the health of marine ecosystems and provide support to
other marine life. They are an important part of the food web because they are predators to smaller
organisms and prey to marine mammals and seabirds globally. They also support humans. About 80
million tons of fish are harvested annually. This volume is enough to feed all Filipinos with their annual
fish consumption for 20 years. And they're currently about 60 million people working in the fishing
industry globally. But on a global scale, 33 percent of fisheries are overfished, meaning too many fish are
being harvested. This may cause fish populations to become depleted and not able to recover. 67
percent are fully exploited, meaning additional fishing effort could lead to the fisheries collapse. Only 10
percent have room to grow, with just 10 percent of the fisheries having a room to grow. We might
experience a global fishing crisis.
(APEUni Website / App SST #626)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

24. Technology Development (Incomplete)


Points: ... application ... technology development ... To form a company ... A group of people ... work out
the solutions ... Higher level of confidence. 'application' is mentioned at both the beginning and the end.
(APEUni Website / App SST #501)

25. Air Pollution (Audio Available)


Original:
In today's lecture I'm going to talk about changes in air pollution since the middle of the last century and
what has created these changes. So, um — by the 1950s, air pollution was very visible with frequent
thick black fogs known as 'smogs' in many large cities around the world. The main source of this
pollution was from factories and it caused severe health problems. For example, a particularly severe
smog in London in 1952 caused over four thousand deaths. Obviously something had to be done and in
1956 a Clean Air Act was introduced in Britain. This addressed the pollution from factories and the
smogs soon disappeared. However, as you know, these days air pollution is still a big issue. The main
difference between now and the 1950s is that you can't see it — it's invisible. Also, the main source of
pollution now is from cars and lorries, and although these don't produce visible signs, this air pollution is
still a significant risk to health. And one of the key factors in the rise of this type of pollution is that we
have all become much more vehicle-dependent. There are far more cars and lorries, trains and planes
than in the 1950s and this is now the main source of air pollution around the world.
(APEUni Website / App SST #500)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

26. Categories of Strategies (Incomplete)


Points: The male lecturer's voice is fast and vague. Strategies are important and categories are useful.
Everyone has his or her own strategy to categorize things and make things easier, and they can measure
things up in the mind. As an example, measuring the length of a line by ruler is more accurate than just
by visual observation. But the lecture asks, how you can measure the length of a line without a ruler. The
audience answer: by foot. The lecture says, right, you can use your feet as the ruler. A friend of the

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lecturer is a fast runner, who runs ... less than ... seconds, just as a world champion does. Then you
should have an idea in your mind: 'fast' means 'running a mile within four minutes'. Key words:
Categorizing and labeling things, creating categories, labelling categories, different thinking strategies,
estimating a specific distance.
(APEUni Website / App SST #495)

27. Sociology (Incomplete)


Points: What is sociology? Sociology is a science that studies human behaviors and the structure any
people are in, not very difficult. ... is easy. Academic construction in college is mentioned: how it has
been an institutionalized subject at universities and in history most of sociologists weren’t university
professors but amateurs. History professors never say they are sociologists because they feel they are
immature. Sociology involves various professions in the world, and is taught in many institutions around
the world.
(APEUni Website / App SST #493)

28. Patent (Incomplete)


Points: A slow and clear lecture by an old man about patent (read very like 'proten' in the audio), then
protection of patent. Patent is a legal right and achievements obtained by people through around-the-
clock work, giving the holders exclusive rights to intellectual property and protected by law for twenty
years until expiration. People can apply a patent for inventions, new ideas, or inventories, and can also
use patents to fight against some illegal activities. A patent will not only protect your rights, but also
discourage other people from working in the same fields. 'hinder' and 'invader' are mentioned in the last
paragraph. Keywords: early time, technology development, beneficial to our society, slides, perspectives,
principles, team with a couple of people, get a solution, apply for a patent.
(APEUni Website / App SST #489)

29. Human Rights (Incomplete)


Points: What exactly are the basic human rights? Who gets to pick them? Who enforces them, and how?
The history behind the concept of human rights is a long one. Throughout the centuries and across
societies, religions, and cultures we have struggled with defining notions of rightfulness, justice, and
rights. But one of the most modern affirmations of universal human rights emerged from the ruins of
World War II with the creation of the United Nations. The treaty that established the UN gives us one of
its purposes to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights. And with the same spirit, in 1948, the UN
General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This document, written by an
international committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, lays the basis for modern international human
rights law. The declaration is based on the principle that all human beings are born free and equal in
dignity and rights. It lists 30 articles recognizing, among other things, the principle of non-discrimination
and the right to life and liberty. It refers to negative freedoms, like the freedom from torture or slavery,
as well as positive freedoms, such as the freedom of movement and residence. It encompasses basic
civil and political rights, such as freedom of expression, religion, or peaceful assembly, as well as social,
economic, and cultural rights, such as the right to education and the right to freely choose one’s
occupation.
(APEUni Website / App SST #377)

30. Power (Incomplete)


Points: An old man's lecture about power. ... separate clearly ... construction ... during one hundred
years... 'separate power' is repeatedly mentioned. In the end two 'what ... does'es are mentioned. Key
words: law, president.

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(APEUni Website / App SST #372)

31. Tissue Engineering (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Tissue engineering, what is it? It's an emerging field, interdisciplinary field that combines engineering and
life sciences to create functional biological structures that can restore and improve tissue function.
Examples include bladders, trachea blood vessels and if you look at it, printing as a technology has also
gone through the revolution and well it's been around for hundreds of years. In the last couple of
decades, it's been a new dimension. We can now print layer by layer in materials ranging from plastic to
metal, to concrete, to chocolate, from the smallest scales to the largest. If you take 3D printing and we
combine it with biology, we have bio-printing where the building blocks our cell aggregates where we
called bio-ling particles that are composed of thousands of cells that can fuse together into different
shapes. These geometries can include multi-layered sheets, such as skin, branching tubes for
vasculature and the sophistication of this manufacturing technology improves daily to include different
cell types and different shapes. And now why is it important, the pharmaceutical industry at the moment
is in a moment of crisis. It spends more money each year on R&D, but has fewer drugs to show for it. It
takes more than a decade, more than a billion of dollars to develop a new drug and the cost of a failure
can be measured in hundreds of millions of dollars.
(APEUni Website / App SST #353)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

32. Time Travel (Incomplete)


Points: A long lecture about the theory of time travel with a lot of meaningless words. The main problem
of time traveling is that people need to understand what time is, but nobody can explain it clearly and
briefly, although people know what time means when they talk about it. Talking about what is time has
been a popular topic in modern society. However, time is not a new subject because it actually started
around 1600 years ago. ‘nobody specifically knows what time is' is mentioned many times. 'obsession'
and 'modern' are in the same sentence. Key word: time machines.
(APEUni Website / App SST #302)

33. Internet and Journalism (Audio Available)


Original:
In recent decades journalism has been faced with challenges. So, what has happened to journalism? The
rise of the Internet has a great impact on journalism, specifically the ways it is produced and consumed.
Because the Internet democratizes people, ordinary people can get involved in journalism. It takes steps
for people to feel enthusiastic about the changes in journalism. The Internet not only speeds up spread
of news, but also helps people gain information in various ways. Thus, journalism now becomes a
collaborative process in an imaginary way, which is unexpected. For example, even small pieces of
ordinary video can be of a new type of journalism.
(APEUni Website / App SST #292)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

34. Hook Sentence (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
An essay is a chance to identify your read and learned. As a writer, you first need to collect many
materials, then write an essay in four or five paragraphs, structures and quotes. If someone is searching

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for a book or article to read, he or she will decide from the very beginning whether this work is worth
attention. If you want to wow your teacher, polish the introduction, especially the first couple of
sentences. Add an essay hook–something interesting, funny, shocking, or intriguing to win the reader’s
attention. Build an emotional connection with your reader right from the start. A hook in the essay is a
catchy sentence or paragraph in the impressive introduction which serves as an attention element and an
important part. An excellent hook sentence is engaging and interesting; it is a perfect method to start an
argumentative or persuasive essay. The hook for your essay often appears in the first sentence. The
opening paragraph includes a thesis sentence. Some popular hook choices can include using an
interesting quote, a little-known fact, famous last words, or a statistic.
(APEUni Website / App SST #284)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

35. Energy of Internet (Audio Available)


Original:
The internet, the most powerful tool in terms of engineering made by humans, has the most complicated
structure. What we call the Internet is made up of a lot of things, wires traversing the ocean, satellites
and cell phone towers, massive data centers sending packets of information all over and devices. The
internet can be connected via a modem, or an ADSL switch center, to a local landline telephone
exchange network. It can connect us from Sydney to Melbourne and then to the U.S.. However, it takes
energy for the transmission system to transmit information. For example, the longer email you write, the
more energy is consumed. Meanwhile, there are more than 30 billion things connected to the Internet,
like cell phones, laptops, credit card readers, smart TV, and so on, and each of them requires electricity.
In total, Internet-connected devices probably use around five percent of the world's electricity. And most
of the electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
(APEUni Website / App SST #215)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

36. Approach and Avoidance (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Approach and avoidance motivation is composed of three conceptually distinct components. Approach
indicates a propensity to move toward (or maintain contact with) a desired stimulus, such as vocational
plans. Avoidance indicates a propensity to move away from (or maintain distance from) an undesired
stimulus in order to reduce anxiety. Motivation is defined as the energization and direction of behavior.
The valence of stimuli is at the core of the distinction between approach and avoidance, with positively
valenced stimuli typically leading to approach and negatively valenced stimuli typically leading to
avoidance. Stimuli can be external or internal, implicit or explicit, conscious or non-conscious.
(APEUni Website / App SST #283)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

37. Credit Card (Incomplete)


Points: About a study by a banker on using credit cards, about how messages influence decisions. A
bank issued credit cards to consumers but many of them did not use the cards. Then the bank asked the
inactive consumers why, and found they feared possible loss. There are two groups of inactive credit
card users. One group receives messages saying they will be offered benefits if they continue to use the
credit cards. The other group receives messages saying they will be applied a penalty if they don't use

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the credit cards any more. 'potential loss of not using the cards' is mentioned a few times. The
conclusion is that customers are more motivated by a threat to lose something than by potential gains or
persuasive messages. Key words: being beneficial, cash.
(APEUni Website / App SST #280)

38. DNA Pieces (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
My lab works on the applications of synthetic biology, so we're very interested in doing useful things
with biological systems. Up to now, life has evolved, and now we actually have the ability and the power
to engineer it, to design it. And so I'm curious about what the natural world is going to look like in the
future. So synthetic biology is sort of the next level of genetic engineering. So about 40 years ago, we
being scientists and engineers, developed techniques to basically move pieces of DNA from one
organism to another. And this was sort of done by physically cutting and pasting. Now we're moving
beyond that where we can write DNA so we're no longer limited to the pieces. We can cut from one and
put in another. We can chemically synthesize this DNA on a machine and put that into an organism. And
now we can even create new organisms completely from scratch. So if you imagine a cell that's
programed to make a useful compound, say, material or drug, then what you have is basically a micro-
scale manufacturing unit. It's basically a cellular factory. And the cool thing about cellular factory is that
when you want more factories, you love that cell grow and divide. So in in the lab, if we have one
bacteria, we put it in a flask. The next day we come in. We have millions, if not billions of bacteria.
(APEUni Website / App SST #278)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

39. Chimpanzees (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
We are from an organization called Nonhuman Rights Project, and we fight for legal rights of non-
human animals. Drawing a line in order to enslave an autonomous and self-determining being is a
violation of equality. We then searched through 80 jurisdictions. We chose the state of New York. Then
we decided upon who our plaintiffs are going to be. We decided upon chimpanzees. We know the
extraordinary cognitive capabilities that they have, and they also resemble the kind that human beings
have. And so we chose chimpanzees, and we began to then canvass the world to find the experts in
chimpanzee cognition. So now we needed to find our chimpanzee. Our chimpanzee, first we found two
of them in the state of New York. Both of them would die before we could even get our suits filed. Then
we found Tommy. Tommy is a chimpanzee. Tommy was a chimpanzee. We found him in that cage. We
found him in a small room that was filled with cages in a larger warehouse structure on a used trailer lot
in central New York. And so on the last week of December 2013, the Nonhuman Rights Project filed
three suits all across the state of New York using the same common law argument. The court didn't
approve our appeal because they think chimpanzees are not humans even though they have cognitive
skills. We proved to the court that chimpanzees also have cognitive capabilities, and they were not
hearing us.
(APEUni Website / App SST #274)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

40. Internet Growth (Incomplete)


Points: The internet has changed our lives in terms of both quality and quantity with its rapid growth. As
for the advantages of online research, it is quick, less expensive, and can help us access hard-to-reach

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groups. However, online research has some drawbacks, as there are no face-to-face communications or
body languages, and the other downside is that subjects are not 'real people', so we don't know who
they are.
(APEUni Website / App SST #271)

41. Competition and Performance (Audio Available)


Original:
Most companies believe that competition drives employees to improve performance and motivate them.
Ranking among employees is widely used in large corporations, like Cisco, General Electric, because they
believe this can help improve productivity. Employees in those companies are ranked into levels by their
supervisors in every department, in which, employees in top ten percent are rewarded or promoted,
those in bottom ten percent are threw out, and thirty to fifty percent of them in the middle will have a
feeling of both fear and hope. But this is a common mistake. Competition makes employees, who are
under the threats of being laid off, losing incomes, or being publicly humiliated, full of fears even when
they are faced with simple tasks, and makes it impossible for inspiration and creation to happen.
(APEUni Website / App SST #270)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

42. Newspaper Industry (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Because of the economic model, the newspaper industry has been shrinking drastically from the last 50
years of the 20th century in some states of America. Also as the economic model changed, newspapers
increased the cash flow. However, there are still some newspaper industries losing money because of a
decrease in advertising and buyers. They can't find buyers. Only a few newspapers have positive cash
flow. Over 100 newspapers with cash flow in red had no money to publish the newspaper everyday. Some
of them published three days per week. Small-sized newspapers only published once a week and had to
go online. Some newspapers even disappeared. The staff working in newspaper industry decreased by
30-60% or more.
(APEUni Website / App SST #264)
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App to listen.

43. Children's Lost Life (Incomplete)


Points: About the similarities of children's past and present. Children lost their childhood in the 19th
century in different situations. There was much children employment, which brought lots of risks to
working children in society, such as sexual harassments and criminal events. They also suffered
exploitation and high demand for the workload. Besides, children may be threatened on the street for
destroying objects. Finally, society has changed, and commercials features and gender bias exposed
children's personal lives to these negative factors. Because children always change a lot, manufacturing
has developed some products specially for children, including pink products. 'Advertisement' and '6- ,7-
and 8-year-old girls' are mentioned.
(APEUni Website / App SST #261)

44. Automatic Driving (Similar) (Audio Available)


Original:
Transportation officials, advocates, companies and users around the world are talking about how
automated vehicles will change transportation as we know it, autonomous vehicles are split into six levels

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of automation as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers. Zero, no automation. One, driver
assistance. Two, partial automation. Three, conditional automation. Four, high automation. And five, full
automation. Humans are responsible for monitoring the vehicle and performing most functions in levels
one and two, while an automated driving system performs all functions and levels three, four and five.
Vehicles and levels three and up are considered highly automated vehicles. As vehicles progress to
higher levels of automation, less responsibility is put on the driver for monitoring the vehicle. Here's how
an automated vehicle works. Several systems work in conjunction with each other to control an
automated vehicle. Radar sensors dotted around the car monitor the position of vehicles nearby. Video
cameras detect traffic lights, read road signs and keep track of other vehicles while also looking out for
pedestrians and other obstacles.
(APEUni Website / App SST #190)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

45. Sugar (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
There’s sugar in a lot of foods where you don’t expect it. Of course there’s lots of sugar in donuts or ice
cream, or pastries, or other things that are sweet; candy of course, but there are other places where you
see it and you don’t necessarily expect it. As an example: peanut butter. Here’s a list of ingredients from
skippy peanut butter and you see that sugar is the second most common ingredient. You may know from
reading food labels that these ingredients in any food label are listed in order of how much there is in
the food itself, so sugar comes right after peanuts. Here’s another example, beef stew, you wouldn’t
necessarily expect to find sugar in beef stew but it’s there. Now it’s down the list of ingredients, it’s
actually toward the end, but if you look at the marketing of this and look at the can it says, there’s fresh
potatoes and carrots, but actually there’s more sugar in this than there is carrot.
(APEUni Website / App SST #260)
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App to listen.

46. Fish Activities (Incomplete)


Points: To understand fish activities, we have to consider the environment. The speaker examined some
noticeable changes over an interesting period of time, including being exposed in radiation, claimed
instruments. The speaker also explored dynamic skills based on different regions and colonies, which is
unachievable.
(APEUni Website / App SST #258)

47. Stone Balls (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
I suppose you wouldn't expect perhaps to find a mathematician in a museum of historical objects, but
actually, the objects that I've been drawn to in this museum have quite a lot of mathematical
significance. These Neolithic stones, discovered in Scotland, dating back 5,000 years, are probably the
first examples of humans exploring the concept of symmetry. And that's what I do as a practicing
mathematician. I spend my life trying to understand what symmetries are possible, in nature and in
mathematics and abstractly. And here I've got a connection, going back 5,000 years, to people who are
already trying to understand –how can I arrange patches on the side of these stone balls in a
symmetrical manner? One of the intriguing things about these stones is that we don't actually know what
they're for. They might have been for divination –trying to predict the future. They might have been part
of a game. They look very much like dice, but we don't really think there is any game associated with

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them. Maybe they were just for chucking around, they're very nice in the hand when you hold them. Or
maybe they were symbols of power in the clan. I suppose that's why I like them because we don't really
know what they are.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about Neolithic stones. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes the objects discovered
in Scotland, dating back 5,000 years, are probably the first examples of humans exploring the concept of
symmetry. Also, he mentions we do not think there is any game associated with them. Lastly, the
speaker likes them because we do not know what they are.
(APEUni Website / App SST #257)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

48. Machines (Incomplete)


Points: The development of machines is a sign of the development of the country. Machines are getting
better with technological improvements, such as face recognition or language processing techniques.
People make money from machines with our life being dependent on them. However, the use of
machines will lead to rise of unemployment. We have to create more jobs for people, otherwise we would
have nowhere else to go.
(APEUni Website / App SST #256)

49. Bees and Darwin (Incomplete)


Points: About the genes of the bee and its evolution. In order to protect the next generation in the hive,
worker bees attack intruders and then sacrifice their lives. And worker bees also help improve the
queen's reproductivity but they give up their own reproductivities. Darwin realized that improving the
reproductivity of the queen bees could help save the bees' genes. Key words: baby machine, genetic.
(APEUni Website / App SST #255)

50. National Wealth (Incomplete)


Points: Before the Industrial Revolution, British economists believed a nation's wealth lay in how much
money people could pile up, but Adam Smith, who was a landowner and capitalist, in 1776 claimed that a
nation’s wealth came from not only agriculture but also manufacture, and the nation’s wealth was of the
ability to achieve high outputs. Overall, national wealth was equal to the nation’s income since national
income measured national output. In the first two sentences of the audio, 'industrialization' is mentioned:
industrialization means … more output … fill the world with goods ... the good you dress, you eat… Then
manual manufacturing played the major role. Agricultural outputs count but ….
(APEUni Website / App SST #253)

51. Sleep (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
This is a new memory-learning memory. It is a good thing for you to get enough sleep, and a bad thing
for you if not. People need to sleep before learning, and people also need to sleep after learning. When
you are asleep, the memory can consolidate all the information into your brain. From this point, it may
only get worse. Not only will I tell you about the wonderfully good things that happen when you get sleep,
but the alarmingly bad things that happen when you don't get enough both for your brain and your body.
Let me start with the brain and the functions of learning and memory, because what we've discovered
over the past 10 or so years is that you need sleep after learning to essentially hit the save button on
those new memories so that you don't forget. But recently, we discovered that you also need sleep

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before learning and now to actually prepare your brain almost like a dry sponge, ready to initially soak up
new information. And without sleep, the memory circuits of the brain essentially become waterlogged, as
it were. And you can't absorb new memories.
(APEUni Website / App SST #251)
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App to listen.

52. Dancing Bees (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Honeybees do a waggle dance to direct other bees to sources of nectar, but dancing bees like this one
can be halted by a headbutt from another bee. Now, researchers have found that this headbutt is
actually a warning signal. A feeding station was set up in the lab to mimic a source of nectar. Then
foraging bees were introduced to dangers at the station, such as competition from rival colonies. When
foragers returned to the hive, they stopped bees dancing. Scientists think the behavior warns dancers of
a dangerous source of nectar.
(APEUni Website / App SST #248)
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App to listen.

53. Children Directors (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Social skills are vital in enabling an individual to have and maintain positive interactions with others.
Many of these skills are crucial in making and sustaining friendships. Social interactions do not always
run smoothly and an individual needs to be able to implement appropriate strategies, such as conflict
resolution when difficulties in interactions arise. It is also important for individuals to have 'empathy' as it
allows them to respond in an understanding and caring way to how others are feeling. Children are
facing social difficulties with particular risks. Young people who do not have strong relationships with the
adults in their family are even more at risk. In an experiment in a high school, which lasted for 8 to 12
weeks, the students were told to be a movie director and to choose their own story structure. The
students worked with each other, which involved lots of different skills, and social interactivity. The
movies they had made were actually cool. Then, the researchers tested the intervention effect, finding
this can improve their self-regulation, and they found this can improve their self-regulation and critical
thinking skills.
(APEUni Website / App SST #247)
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App to listen.

54. Literature in Poem (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Today, poems remain an important part of art and culture. We often talk about the knowledge about the
literature in poem. Poetry is probably the oldest form of literature, and probably predates the origin of
writing itself. The oldest written manuscripts we have are poems, mostly epic poems telling the stories of
ancient mythology. The English language in poems and poetries is difficult to understand, often giving
readers a feeling of frustration and making it hard for readers to enjoy poetry. This is because poems
use literary expressions. Poetry was once written according to fairly strict rules of meter and rhyme, and
each culture had its own rules. Some poems incorporate rhyme schemes, with two or more lines that end
in like-sounding words. We should learn to simply enjoy it, and to know more about literature
knowledge.

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(APEUni Website / App SST #246)


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App to listen.

55. Food Waste (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
The United States is considered the biggest food-wasting country in the world. Consumers collectively
throw away more than all the retailers together in the US. In total, private US households waste around
43% of all food. According to "Save the Food", a national public service campaign, this could translate
into an annual financial loss of $1,500 for a family of four. In fact, over 40 million tons (36 million tonnes)
of food ends up in landfills every year, worth more than $161 billion. 60% of food waste comes from
general consumption. There are two main sources of food waste. The majority of food waste comes
from supermarkets, especially in the used-by section. The other factor is what people purchase and how
they eat, so purchasing all items is not a good idea. Avoiding food waste efficiently along the supply
chain and in all our households can result in a win-win scenario. Halving food waste could help meet the
demand for nutrition of our growing population, and equally minimize the negative environmental effects
of agriculture.
(APEUni Website / App SST #245)
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App to listen.

56. Moods (Incomplete)


Points: A male lecturer with a high speech rate and unclear voice. The stability of emotion differs with
different persons. Somebody usually has a nervous mood like a roller coaster, while others, relaxed and
peaceful. Research finds that the secret of happiness is of a mild containment. You should find a point
of balance and the ideal mood is moderate strain and containment. Key words: tense, loose, fluctuation
of emotions, mild mood, stable mood.
(APEUni Website / App SST #244)

57. Leadership (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
A leader can define or clarify goals by issuing a memo or an executive order, an edict or a fatwa or a
tweet, by passing a law, barking a command, or presenting an interesting idea in a meeting of
colleagues. Leaders can mobilize people’s energies in ways that range from subtle, quiet persuasion to
the coercive threat or the use of deadly force. Sometimes a charismatic leader such as Martin Luther
King Jr. can define goals and mobilize energies through rhetoric and the power of example. We can
think of leadership as a spectrum, in terms of both visibility and the power the leader wields. On one end
of the spectrum, we have the most visible: authoritative leaders like the president of the United States or
the prime minister of the United Kingdom, or a dictator such as Hitler or Qaddafi. At the opposite end of
the spectrum is casual, low-key leadership found in countless situations every day around the world,
leadership that can make a significant difference to the individuals whose lives are touched by it. Over
the centuries, the first kind–the out-in-front, authoritative leadership–has generally been exhibited by
men. Some men in positions of great authority, including Nelson Mandela, have chosen a strategy of
“leading from behind”; more often, however, top leaders have been quite visible in their exercise of
power. Women (as well as some men) have provided casual, low-key leadership behind the scenes. But
this pattern has been changing, as more women have taken up opportunities for visible, authoritative
leadership.
(APEUni Website / App SST #243)

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App to listen.

58. MPA Campaign (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
The ocean provides habitats for 98% of fish, the source of protein feeding 4.8 billion of people. But
human activities and climate change have left corals bleached in some oceans. There are many species
of fish that are endangered. The government set up a network, called MPA marine campaign, in which
countries and organizations have been collaborating with each other to protect the environment for 32
years. A marine protected area (MPA) is a zone designated and managed to protect marine habitats and
species for the good of the ocean, society, economy and culture. Within MPAs, human activities such as
fishing, vessel traffic and tourism are regulated. MPAs can come in the form of a fully protected marine
reserve, a moderately protected marine park, or a no-take zone among others. But MPA is faced with
lots of challenges, as some developing countries lack management and resources, and feel excluded.
(APEUni Website / App SST #242)
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59. Engineer and Engineering (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Today, this course you are going to take is about what is engineering and how to work with a
complicated system. You guys should know the answers, because all of you guys are from the
engineering course. Especially, when you design, build, debug and develop something new, during these
process, you are working with the complicated system. How to program complicated systems and how
would you know it actually works before producing it. Sometimes, the inspirations are from your daily
life, you probably need to consider your personal life experience. And from the common everyday life to
the tiny things that you cannot see virtually, and the inspirations normally exist in the tiny levels. A
complicated system such as your laptops running Microsoft systems. That means the system is not able
to see, which means you guys have to virtualize it. Engineering is here to help virtualize by using
systems. Nowadays, the complicated systems are relatively reliable, and you guys work upon these and
need to deliver the new outcomes which are reliable as well. This is what we do now and we are good at.
Engineering is to help virtualize by using systems. In order to develop and produce a reliable system, you
need consider more on the risks, potentials, predictability and accuracy.
(APEUni Website / App SST #241)
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60. Stock Market and Business (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
The stock market is where investors connect to buy and sell investments — most commonly, stocks,
which are shares of ownership in a public company. When you need groceries, you go to the
supermarket. When you're ready to buy stocks or mutual funds, you'll usually buy them online through the
stock market, which anyone can access with a brokerage account or employee retirement plan. The term
'stock market' often refers to one of the major stock market indexes. However, there are some different
uses of the stock market before and after. In the 18th century, manufacturing companies came into the
market. Traditional companies used stocks to raise money, and input money into companies, while
modern companies used stocks to output money. From 19th to 20th century, however, modern
companies, such as Apple, Google and Microsoft are big enough to earn money, and use stocks

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differently. The stock market also inclined to put money into big companies.
(APEUni Website / App SST #240)
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App to listen.

61. Luxury Brand (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
The question today of what makes a luxury brand, a luxury brand and how do we distinguish it, is very
hard to answer. The standard business response is to say they are more exclusive. And we get
exclusivity by having high price and relatively small amounts of the product available. The reality,
however, of luxury brands is that they are sold in their millions, and in some cases, are not priced that
much higher than the standard output. The only way I can really answer your question is to say, it is all
relative. As you said in your introduction, it wasn't that long ago in Australia that we would have
considered two televisions to be a luxury, or even further back, one colour television. And you can make
a strong argument, for example, that Starbucks in China, right now, is a luxury purchase because of its
cost, because of how frequently it is purchased by many people. So, I think the long answer is a
complicated one, but the answer is, it depends who you talk to. I think in the business community what
we would say, is that there is a small cluster of more expensive brands which have a distinct strategy
that we would identify as being luxury brands. And they start with the Rolls Royce and the Tiffanys and
the Louis Vuittons of the world. And, I think that tends to be how we see them.
(APEUni Website / App SST #239)
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62. Paper Rejection (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Rejection happens to all of us, and it can be a disappointing experience. I will now give some advice for
young researchers. Many things have changed today, which can be a troubling issue. The chance of
getting paper published is becoming smaller and smaller. Although it never is easy to take, rejection is
particularly hard at the beginning of your career. But rejections will lead to a better result and will be
good for the career path. Use this feedback to improve your paper for submission to another journal as
well as your next, more robust study of the topic. Usually several individuals with expertise in the topic
have donated substantial time to provide detailed advice to advance your paper and future work. Also
remember that publication does not mean funding. Investors will learn how to attract and engage young
researchers at the same time.
(APEUni Website / App SST #238)
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App to listen.

63. Global Economy (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Today, more and more people realize that the global economic and financial crisis also concerns
common ethical values and standards. I am pretty concerned that the global economy has become
unethical and unfair. Recent experiences have proved that the sustainability of the market economy is by
no means guaranteed. Indeed, one cannot escape the fact that the emergence of global capitalism has
brought with it an entirely new set of risks. The global economic and financial crisis concerns common
ethical standards. For example, the trade between Europe and the United States has been unfair, which
needs to be further negotiated. These problems of the global economy should be on the agenda for the

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following years. Obviously, all ethical values and standards are culture-bound, but there are core values
and standards that are universal. I strongly believe that in the long run, the global market economy will
only be accepted in the different regions and nations if it is socially acceptable.
(APEUni Website / App SST #234)
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App to listen.

64. Inhabitants in Australia (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
The first inhabitants in Australia were the ancestors of the present indigenous people. Whether these
first migrations involved one or several successive waves and distinct peoples is still subject to academic
debate, as is its timing. The minimum widely accepted time frame places presence of humans in
Australia at 40,000 to 43,000 years Before Present, while the upper range supported by others is
60,000 to 70,000 years BP. In any event, this migration was achieved during the closing stages of the
Pleistocene epoch, when sea levels were typically much lower than they are today. Repeated episodes of
extended glaciation resulted in decreases of sea levels by some 100150 m. The continental coastline
therefore extended much further out into the Timor Sea than it does today, and Australia and New
Guinea formed a single landmass (known as Sahul), connected by an extensive land bridge across the
Arafura Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria and Torres Strait The ancestral Australian Aboriginal peoples were thus
long established and continued to develop, diversify and settle through much of the continent. As the
sea levels again rose at the terminus of the most recent glacial period some 10,000 years ago the
Australian continent once more became a separated landmass. However, the newly formed 150 km wide
Torres Strait with its chain of islands still provided the means for cultural contact and trade between
New Guinea and the northern Cape York Peninsula. During the 1970s and 1980s around 120,000
southern Asian refugees migrated to Australia. During that twenty years, Australia first began to adopt a
policy of what Minister of Immigration Al Grassby termed "multiculturalism". In 2004-05, Australia
accepted 123,000 new settlers, a 40% increase over the past 10 years. The largest number of
immigrants (40,000 in 200405) moved to Sydney. The majority of immigrants came from Asia, led by
China and India.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the first inhabitants in Australia. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes the first
inhabitants in Australia were the ancestors of the present indigenous people. Also, he mentions that this
migration was achieved during the closing stages of the Pleistocene epoch. Lastly, the speaker believes
that the majority of immigrants came from Asia, led by China and India. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #82)
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App to listen.

65. Survey on Happiness (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
So happiness economics can help us get to these questions, and I'll try to give you some examples of
this. Now, even though there's a lot of skepticism, originally about using this survey - surveys what
people say make them happy. The number of reason that we are getting increasingly confident in doing
so. One is that their consistent pattern - remarkable consistent pattern, determines well-being across
large samples of people, across countries, across the world, and over time. Some of the basic things
that make people happy, and I will show you some of these income, health, marital status, employment

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status. Some of these very basic things are remarkably consistent across countries across world. So that
gives us some sense that these surveys are picking up consistent patterns. And when we know what
consistent patterns are, we can look how other things that very much more, affect people's well-being.
The environment and equality, the nature's institution raging on living, and all kinds of other things that
very much more.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about happiness economics. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that their
consistent pattern determines well-being across large samples of people. Also, she mentions that some
of these very basic things are remarkably consistent across the world. Lastly, the speaker believes that
the environment and equality, the nature's institution raging on living, and all kinds of other things affect
people's well-being. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #232)
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App to listen.

66. Genetic Impact (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Since the discovery of DNA structure, people have believed that genes have an impact only on people's
physical structure. However, the study of mapping of genes in 2001 found that there is a genetic
responsibility to human's physical and psychological behaviors, which has changed the way we
understand our behaviors. Findings from behavioral genetic research have broadly impacted modern
understanding of the role of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. The research on genes
has provided integrating information, and the findings can benefit biologists, psychologists and
neuroscientists. Qualitative research has fostered arguments that behavioral genetics is an ungovernable
field without scientific norms or consensus, which fosters controversy.
(APEUni Website / App SST #222)
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App to listen.

67. Sign Language (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
So the topic for today is abstraction. And this is a very important layer of computer because you can't
do anything with a computer unless you have a symbolic system in place. Right. So we're talking about
the origin of symbolic systems. Language is a classic symbolic system. Apparently one theory for why
language evolved is that people communicated with sign language and with movement quite well for a
long time. And it turned out that they wanted to communicate even while they were doing things. So,
while they were trying to strangle the dinosaur, not the dinosaurs, the rhinoceros, they wanted to say
"Come help me" and they use sign language to do it. They had to let go of the rhinoceros and the
rhinoceros ran away. So you can see that it's a good idea to be able to do something with your hands
and be able to communicate at the same time. Hence there come words and languages.
(APEUni Website / App SST #221)
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App to listen.

68. Change of Body Fat (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
I would like to look at a recent survey conducted by Canadian researchers on diet. Total thirty-one

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women volunteered in the survey. They've been told to participate in the exercise program without
changing their diet. After careful observation, the researchers actually found that some volunteers
experienced a body fat change after six months from the day they've started the experiment. The finding
further stated that some actually lost a significant amount of fat, which led to a decrease in body mass.
On the other hand, there were others who did not lose fat at all. So, I guess, the study concludes that
there must be two explanations. Those who did not lose weight must have eaten more. And another
factor is that it is because there are psychological reasons—not to believe in losing fat.
(APEUni Website / App SST #216)
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69. Brand Image (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
It turns out consumers are incredibly smart. They combine a lifetime of experience with that brand,
combined with whatever its designed appeal is, how it makes them feel, performance and price. And
they do all that in a few seconds. So brands are essential to our business to allow us to deliver the
increased consumer value associated with our products. We're not into the generic business of toilet
paper. We're into probably about the softest product you're going to want to buy. We're not into a
generic soap. We're into the best, you know, stain removing laundry detergent you're going to buy. But
we're going to want you to remember that as the tide brand. Now, that means there's a second moment
of truth. If they do select you and they pay 50% more than they would have paid for Walmart's brand,
when they get home, it'd better perform when it's used. And here's where the science starts, folks.
There's an amazing number of fundamental engineering contradictions, right? Airplanes deal with, you
know, weight and strength. I want something that's light but strong. That's an engineering contradiction.
Once I deal with our things, got to be strong but soft. They have to be strong even when they're wet.
Bright but not tear, liquids, mixtures, not common things, but they need... they can't separate. You don't
want to shake before use, before you pour down in your washing machine.
(APEUni Website / App SST #211)
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App to listen.

70. Facial Recognition (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Last week we talked about how people recognize objects and really how well people recognize objects,
given how difficult the problem is, given how objects can be seen in all different sorts of illumination, in
different positions, in different angles. And yet we are able to extract that information, we are able to
take the visual stuff out there, interpret it in a way that allows us to recognize all the different things that
we can see in our environment. Today we're gonna kind of carry on looking at that, but we gonna look at
what's really a special class of objects. That's the human face. So we gonna look at how we recognize
human faces and how we do it quite as well as we do. We're really expert at recognizing faces. So again
we can think about how do we take that visual information and how do we transform it into a form
which allows us to put a name to a face, and to do all the other clever things that we can do with faces.
So I'm gonna start off again by just pointing out that it's a hard problem. Face recognition is a hard
problem, and it's a clever thing we do. If you think about all the different types of faces you can
recognize, and all the different types of information you can get from the face, you kind of start to
appreciate how well we can do face recognition.

Answer:

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This lecture mainly talks about how people recognize human faces. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes how
we take visual information and transform it to allow us to recognize a face. Also, he mentions that face
recognition is a hard problem, and it is a clever thing we do. Lastly, the speaker believes that people
start to appreciate how well we can do face recognition. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #207)
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App to listen.

71. Geography (Incomplete)


Points: Geography is a subject to study the surface of earth and the vertical underground field, but it
doesn't include the outer air such as atmosphere. It includes courses in multiple field disciplines, by
studying which, students can become natural scientists or scientists of culture even languages. The goal
of this course is to bring all information with geography and to allow students pursue questions and
answers.
(APEUni Website / App SST #185)

72. Wildlife as Food (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
In my view, it's impossible not to talk about wildlife, and not think about its role in livelihood. And I guess
part of that is my own view, part of the research that I do in Africa. In most Eastern West Africa, I look at
the role. All the humans rely on wildlife as the source of food, and also the source of income. And we
talk about our wildlife, if we talking about fish, we are talking about what is probably the single most
important source of protein for human that across the globe. And, so, billions of, or more than a billion
of people rely on fish as their primary source of animal protein, and most of these people living in
poverty. So the management of wild fish resource in that sense causing incredibly important to
livelihoods and health. And also, wildlife tourism is the multi-billion-dollar industry, and in many places,
such as Africa, South America, it can be the No.1 source of income. It can be the No.1 source of foreign
income for economies.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about wildlife as food. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that in most of Africa, all
the humans rely on wildlife as the source of food. Also, he mentions that more than a billion of people
rely on fish as their primary source of animal protein. Lastly, the speaker believes that wildlife tourism is
the multiple billion dollars' industry. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #179)
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App to listen.

73. Ugly Building (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
It seems to me that architecture is very much something that causes us both pleasure and trouble. I live
in the part of western London where I think many of the streets are, where I live are really really ugly, and
this distresses me every time I walk to a supermarket or walk to a tube. I think why did they built that
and with terribly without architecture. It last so long, and if you write a bad book or do a bad play, you
know, I will be shocked when it be showed and then no one would suffer. A bad building has a serious
impact for, could be hundreds of years on the people around it. And suppose the book arose a little bit
from the frustration, almost anger than there is so much bad architecture around. And then I realize if
you talk about architecture, you will say why building are not more beautiful. Then you will say I can use

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such word as "beauty", that's a really arrogant word. And no one knows what beautiful is. It's all in the
eye of beholder. I couldn't help but think that actually. Well, you know that we all attempt to agree that
Rome is nice than Milkykings, and San Francisco has the edge of Frankfurt, so we can make that sort of
generalization, surely they are something we can say about why a building work or why it doesn't. So the
book's really attempt to suggest why architecture works when it does and what might be going to be
wrong when it doesn't work.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about architecture's emotional impacts. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that a
bad building has a serious impact for hundreds of years on the people around it. Also, he mentions that
no one knows what 'beautiful' is. Lastly, the speaker believes that the architecture works when it does
and might be going to be wrong when it doesn't work. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #178)
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App to listen.

74. Orgnization Study (Incomplete)


Points: The two male speakers are talking quickly about organization study and how they appreciate it.
Organization study is about a whole family of disciplines, such as social science, psychology, sociology,
history, and cultural studies. The speaker enjoys studying organization study because of its broad range
and its breadth. What organization study has taught him is liberating ideas without disciplinary
boundaries. Key words: be bound to, division.
(APEUni Website / App SST #176)

75. Architecture Design (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Design of buildings is important according to architectural textbooks. At its roots, architecture exists to
create the physical environment in which people live, but architecture is more than just the built
environment, it’s also a part of our culture. It stands as a representation of how we see ourselves, as well
as how we see the world. There are poorly designed buildings, but also some great building works. In the
Victoria Era, architects designed buildings based on bricks and other materials. The design of flaws was
based on lighting as it would not only affect appearance but also health conditions. The materials that
buildings are made of also matter. For example, the design of ground floors must ensure that the
building is able to withstand the weight of the higher levels. In the 20th century, many old buildings with
design flaws were demolished or modified through a natural selection process, which means they are an
altered state rather than an original state. This is an application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to
modification of old buildings, which means buildings should adapt to the new world to survive, or be
pulled down. So, it's argued to be unfair to criticize the demolition, although some people believe that
whether to be remained should be decided based on their nature and functions. As the world became
more and more connected, the styles evolved, but even in modern construction, there is still an
importance in honoring the cultural nuances in the built environment.
(APEUni Website / App SST #172)
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App to listen.

76. Human Minds (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
So the pace, at which human minds have evolved over the last half million years and more recently the

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last 200,000 years, has been so frighteningly rapid that the evolution of cognitive function and
perception can only occur in a small number of genes. If one needed to adapt dozens of genes changes
in concert, in order to acquire the penetrating minds that we now have, which our ancestors 5,000 years
ago didn't have, the evolution could not have taken place, it could not have occurred so quickly. And for
that reason alone, one begins to really suspect that the genetic differences between people who lived
5,000 years ago is evidence that the difference between their cognitive functions and ours is not
actually as large. Therefore, a rather small number of genes may be responsible for the powerful minds
that humans have which most of us now possess.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the human minds. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that the human minds
have evolved over the last half million years. Also, she mentions that if one needed to adapt dozens of
genes changes the evolution could not have taken place. Lastly, the speaker believes that a rather small
number of genes, maybe responsible for the powerful minds. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #163)
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App to listen.

77. Children's Life Quality (Incomplete)


Points: A male professor is giving his lecture. Well educated families have well-educated children who
have sufficient education resources and support since they were born. According to studies, the life
chance of a child has been set by 5 years old, which is a very disturbing fact. There is no obvious way to
address the deep root of inequality in any society.

Answer:
According to the professor’s sociology research, the capacity of well-educated parents will remain in
their prosperous children because these children have sufficient educational capacity and support since
they were born. According to studies, the life chance of a child has been set by five years old, which is a
compelling and disturbing fact. The professor cannot find obvious ways to address this deep root of
inequality in any society.
(APEUni Website / App SST #162)

78. Youth Communities (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
A research on 7000 young students and children in the United Kingdom is about how they participate in
their communities, how they form values with character education and what influence them most. The
outcomes involve parents, friends, schools and siblings, and researchers figure out which factors are
essential and more important than others. Successful schools depend on the resources and support of
their communities and schools at the centre of their communities are often the most successful schools.
In turn, schools are vital to the social health of their local communities. Also, families are the first social
unit in which children learn and develop. Good parenting can take different forms and be shaped by
various social and cultural forces, but it invariably involves providing children with the support, care, love,
guidance and protection that set the conditions for healthy physical, mental and social development. The
research has also attracted attention and interest from many national policy makers and contacted me.
(APEUni Website / App SST #155)
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App to listen.

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79. Globalization (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Globalization is an overused and often misunderstood concept. We hear it all the time on news
broadcasts and in any type of public discussion. But the starting point for understanding globalization is
that it is industries and markets that globalize, not countries. That's why it's helpful to think of
globalization as 'the integration of economic activities across borders'. But why does globalization
matter? I would argue globalization matters because it means the rise of interconnectedness between
countries and markets across the world. For example, one of the reasons why the financial crash of
2007/2008 was so serious was because the financial and banking systems of countries around the
world have become so closely interconnected with the globalization of markets.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about globalization. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that we hear it all the time
on news broadcasts and in any type of public discussion. Also, he mentions that it is industries and
markets that globalize, not countries. Lastly, the speaker believes that it means the rise of
interconnectedness between countries and markets across the world. In conclusion, this lecture is very
informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #149)
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App to listen.

80. Mapping of Genes (Incomplete)


Points: Mapping of genes was completed in 1920. Recent research has shown that genes can determine
not only humans' physical features, such as height, eye color and hair color, but also psychological
features, such as our behavior. Our research on genes can contribute to biology, psychology, sociology
and neuroscience, and provides some integrating information.
(APEUni Website / App SST #139)

81. Big Bang (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
One of the most amazing things that have happened even in my lifetime is the prediction of cosmology.
When I started out forty-odd years ago, we thought we knew that the universe began a big bang, some
people doubted even then. We thought the universe was about ten or twenty billion years old. But now
for really very sound scientific reasons, we can say that the universe did start in a Big bang and it’s 13.8
billion years old. So it’s not 14, it's not 13 because a decimal point in there and that’s a stunning
achievement to know that. And we also know that the laws of physics that apply to tiny particles inside
atoms also explains what happened in the big bang, you can’t have one without the other. A very neat
example of this is that when you apply nuclear physics, that kind of physics to understand how stars
work, you find out that the oldest star in the universe is about 13 billion years old. So their universe is
just a little bit older than the stars. Fantastic, if we done it and counted in the other way around and said
that the stars were older than the universe, we would say science was in deep trouble. But it’s not,
everything fits together and we know how the universe began, we got to know how the way it is. The
future that it ‘ll suspects we don’t know quite well what’s going, but we got some ideas, which are as
good as those ideas we had 40 years ago about how big bang happened.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the prediction of cosmology. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that the
universe did start in a big bang. Also, he mentions that the laws of physics that apply to tiny particles
also explain the big bang. Lastly, the speaker believes we got some ideas as good as those ideas we had

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40 years ago about how big bang happened. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #138)
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App to listen.

82. Mars and Earth (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
We are going to look at an very interesting and important place today. It is called the Mars which is not
far away from the earth. Mars is an interesting neighboring planet to Earth with a similar geological
surface and landscape, such as the desert, covered with rocks. Although there has not been evidence for
the existence of water yet, the trace of heavy gases has existed on Mars for billions of years. Traces of
a great amount of water in icy form just like mountains have been found. There is not much atmosphere,
but rare gases are still found. It is possibly because heavy gases do not evaporate within a low gravity.
The low gravity on Mars indicates that there may be a thin layer of the atmosphere on Mars. Therefore,
Mars might be the most ideal destination other than Earth.
(APEUni Website / App SST #127)
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App to listen.

83. Dropping from School (Audio Available)


Original:
Low achievers are more likely to drop out of school. Some boys leave school early. And the main reason
is push and pull factors. The main reason of pull is that economy and market provide many job
opportunities for boys with mainly two destinations, shipping and traineeship. So dropping from school is
not absolutely bad for boys. But girls don’t have the same opportunities. Girls are less likely to leave
school because fewer jobs are available for them. The transmission is hard. So, for girls dropping from
school is completely bad, and if they do so, they can either get part-time jobs or just stay unemployed.
(APEUni Website / App SST #135)
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App to listen.

84. Separation of Power (Incomplete)


Points: About the separation of power of the United States. In the three systems, the first one is
legislation, the second, the execution, and the third, judicial power. Legislative power means to make
laws, and executive power is to carry out laws by officers appointed by presidents, while judicial power
is to interpret laws and is crucial to the constitution. Nowadays, they clarify what they should do, but in
the past, there was a blurry line between any two of them. Key words: constitution, article.
(APEUni Website / App SST #130)

85. Time Machine (Incomplete)


Points: A young male's voice with a normal speech rate. Seemly about telescope, but not heard in the
lecture. Some device can measure speed and see things from far away. But there are some bad things
regarding universe (like, too far to see it clearly) . But we don't have time machine to check history. You
will see the universe unfolding. Key words: finite speed, look back, universe history, look for fossil, can
observe fossil evidence, 8-dimensions, long distance objects, fast speed, get away from the past, look
into(?) universe, in folding.
(APEUni Website / App SST #121)

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86. Language Levels (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Well a historical linguist compares languages at several levels. You start out looking for basic vocabulary.
All languages of the world, natural languages at least, have words for eye and head and nose and ear
and for sky and earth and for water, sand and for sibling, mother and father. They may not have words
for uncle and aunt. It becomes much vaguer because in one culture an aunt is different when it comes
from your father's side than from your mother's side. You don't include snow. Most people know what
snow is but in the tropics you don't have it. So you look for notions that are totally comparable and that
occur everywhere in the world. You take the hundred or two hundred most universal notions in a human
life, those which you call the basic vocabulary. So you take basic vocabularies and languages that you
think are related. You look for words that sound the same ...

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about basic vocabulary. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes you look for notions
that are totally comparable and that occur everywhere in the world. Also, he mentions there are one
hundred or two hundred most universal notions in a human life, those that you call the basic vocabulary.
Lastly, the speaker believes you take related basic vocabularies and languages. In conclusion, this lecture
is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #134)
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App to listen.

87. Canned Food (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
One of the things that was going on during the Great Depression was the beginning of this sort of
modern food technology that rules, you know, the way Americans eat today. That is there are a lot of
canned foods were being - coming onto the market at the time. And also, refrigerators were really
becoming very, very popular during the Great Depression, both in cities and in rural parts of the country.
Thanks to electrification, the Rural Electrification Administration, people could buy appliances. You know,
farmers could buy appliances. And that meant frozen foods were becoming big. And, you know, at that
time, few people could afford to buy them during the early years of the Great Depression. But, you know,
gradually, these things picked up. And so this was, like, the sort of beginning of the era when people
were starting to think about supermarkets with rows and rows of freezer cases and rows and rows of
canned foods.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about canned food. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes one of the things going on
during the Great Depression was the beginning of this sort of modern food technology ruling the way
Americans eat today. Also, he mentions refrigerators were becoming popular. Lastly, the speaker
believes few people could afford to buy them during the early years of the Great Depression. In
conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #120)
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App to listen.

88. Marshmallow Test (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
They call it the marshmallow test. A four to six year-old-child sits alone in a room at a table facing a
marshmallow on a plate. The child is told: "If you don't eat this treat for 15 minutes you can have both it

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and a second one. Kids on average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow. The
longer a child can resist the treat has been correlated with higher general competency later in life. Now a
study shows that ability to resist temptation isn't strictly innate-it also highly influenced by environment.
Researchers gave five-year-old used crayons and one sticker to decorate a sheet of paper. One group
was promised a new set of art supplies for the project-but then never received it. But the other group
did receive new crayons and better stickers. Then both groups were given the marshmallow test. The
children who had been lied to waited for a mean time of three minutes before eating the marshmallow.
The group that got their promised materials resisted an average of 12 minutes. Thus, the researchers
note that experience factors into a child's ability to delay gratification. When previous promises have
been hollow, why believe the next one?

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the marshmallow test. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that kids on
average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow. Also, he mentions that a study
shows the ability to resist temptation isn't strictly innate. Lastly, the speaker believes that the
researchers note that experience factors into a child's ability to delay gratification. In conclusion, this
lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #95)
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App to listen.

89. Flower Colour (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Why the bumble bees pick some flowers over others? Researchers have known for a while that flower’s
color can be a signal. Color in short hand that says to a bee: hey, I get some good quality nectar here,
want to stop by for a visit. But new findings show that bees also use color to get clues about a flower’s
temperature. And according to a study from a British research team published in the journal Nature,
some like it hot. Bees use up a lot of energy just stay in warm on some days. In fact, they can’t even fly
if they are too cold. So if one flower is warmer than another, a bee can save some of its fuel by basking
on that flower while it’s doing its pollinating business. And it turns out that bumble bees consistently do
choose warmer flowers over cooler ones, even when the two flowers offer up the same quantity and
quality of nectar. Some plants seem to be evolutionarily adapted to be slightly warmer because the
warmer ones get visited more by the chilly bees. When it comes to getting pollinated, apparently the
heat is on, and that is the buzz.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about bumble bees. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that flower’s color can be a
signal of good quality nectar. Also, he mentions that bees also use color to get clues about a flower’s
temperature. Lastly, the speaker believes that some plants seem to be evolutionarily adapted to be
slightly warmer to attract bees. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #90)
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App to listen.

90. Smile of Mother (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Ever try to get a baby to smile? It can seem close to impossible—and then suddenly there it is: that
elusive, seemingly joyous grin. Well it turns out those smiles aren’t spontaneous—they’re strategic.
Researchers have found that when babies smile, it's for a reason. They want whoever they’re interacting

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with—typically a parent—to smile back. And they time it just so, a smile here and a smile there. The
researchers call it sophisticated timing. The study is in the journal PLoS ONE. The researchers enlisted
real mothers and infants and quantified their interactions, which fell into four categories. One: babies
wanted to maximize the amount of time smiling at their mothers. Two: they wanted to maximize the time
the mothers smiled at them. Three: they wanted to experience simultaneous smiling, and four: no smiling
at all. By studying when smiles happened and what the subsequent effect was, the investigators were
able to figure out that for mothers the goal 70 percent of the time was to be smiling simultaneously—
while for babies 80 percent of the time they just wanted their mother smiling at them. So, mothers want
the interaction, while babies just want to be smiled at. So your baby may not be able to feed itself, talk
or even turn over yet. But when it comes to smiles, babies seem to know exactly what they're up to.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about babies' smiles. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes those smiles aren’t
spontaneous but strategic. Also, he mentions that when babies smile, they hope whoever they’re
interacting with to smile back, called sophisticated timing. Lastly, the speaker believes babies just want
their mother smiling at them. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #89)
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App to listen.

91. Market Economy (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Within most developed countries, notions of pragmatism, notions of the fact that we have democracies,
have succeeded in tempering the market economy. In the 19th century, 18th century, the Industrial
Revolution had a very negative effect on people, particularly working classes all over the world. We see
data where life expectancy was reduced, heights were reduced. We were looking at the medical record.
We can see that actually, living standards, much among large fractions of population, actually went
down. But eventually, we pass the legislation about working conditions. And eventually, we circumscribe
some of the worst kinds of behavior. We eventually, in the 20th century, we put regulations that
composed better environmental conditions. And so some of the damage was reversed, and that we have
made the market economy work in ways that the benefits of the all is far more what we shared in the
world a hundred years ago.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about the market economy. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes within most
developed countries, notions of pragmatism have succeeded in tempering the market economy. Also, he
mentions that the industrial revolution had a negative effect on people, particularly working classes.
Lastly, the speaker believes in the 20th century, we put regulations that composed better environmental
conditions. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #74)
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App to listen.

92. Spectacles (Audio Available)


Original:
Normally, however, spectacles are a part of an assemblage of items giving us an overall look. In fashion
terms, they are classes of accessories, along with shoes, jewelry, handbags or watches. But in
healthcare terms, they are called a medical device and, in many languages, other than English, they are
often described as a prosthesis, an artificial part of the body, part of you, making you who you are and

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choosing your spectacles is therefore your major decision. Increasingly, people own two or more pairs
for different occasions or times of the day and there is a phrase for this in the industry, it is called
lifestyle dispensing. And it dates back to the 1950s. The idea is that you wear one type of spectacles in
the workplace and quite other at leisure or on the beach.
(APEUni Website / App SST #80)
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App to listen.

93. Student Loan (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
I'm 43 years old and I owe tens of thousands of dollars in student loans. Oh sure, I knew the loans were
piling up as I went through school. But with one loan coming from here, another from there, I had no idea
of the rockslide that was building. Fifteen years later, I still experience moments of sheer horror
regarding my family's financial situation. My monthly student loan payment is more than triple my car
payment. OK, so without my college degree, I would not have been able to get my current job. For that
I'm grateful; but at what cost? My loans have been accruing at a rate of 10 percent, and now they have
burgeoned to—well, I'm an English major, you do the math. I don't think they'll ever get paid off. We're in
debt way past our eyeballs, and there's no hope in sight. I'm being kept in class—a financial class of
graduates whose only hope for attending college meant borrowing money from the government. Because
of our mounting credit card debt and monthly payments that far exceed our family's income; my kids will
also join the class of citizens who can't rely on their parents for college support. Do I wish I'd chosen
another educational route? You bet. Perhaps trade school — I've thought that being a plumber might not
be such a bad gig. But if your job aspirations require a four-year degree, take my advice and choose a
college you can afford, both during and after graduation. Take a realistic look at your anticipated
income, and factor in priorities that don't carry a price — like the spouse and children you might want to
have some day. I was overconfident that my student-loan debt would pale in comparison to the lucrative
writing career I'd enjoy after graduation. Now I'm paying for that decision — in more ways than I'd ever
imagined.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about student loan. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes she owes tens of thousands
of dollars in student loans which were piling up as she went through school. Also, she mentions she still
experience moments of sheer horror regarding my family's financial situation. Lastly, the speaker
believes if your job aspirations require a four-year degree, you should choose a college you can afford.
In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #68)
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App to listen.

94. Sound Receptor (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
You’ve got sound receptors in your ear, and they are beautiful. We’re not going to talk about them at
any length, but there's little flappy, these little spiky things going along in your ear and they can translate
vibrational energy coming from your ear, hurting your eardrum, being translated into a vibration into the
fluid in your ear into a physical motion of these little receptors there into an electrical motion, into an
electrical signal that goes into your ear. So, all of that, all of that's pretty impressive stuff. We are not
going to talk about the details of it, but I invite some of you who want to learn more about this,
particularly MIT students I think to find receptors really quite remarkable kinds of devices.

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Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about sound receptors. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that these spiky things
can translate vibrational energy coming from your ear. Also, he mentions that an electrical signal goes
into your ear. Lastly, the speaker believes he invites some people wanting to learn more to find
receptors quite remarkable kinds of devices. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #35)
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95. Are We Animals (Explanation) (Audio Available)


Original:
Far too many people often say things like animals do this but we don't. Or this animal does this and that
animal does this, but the humans don't do things like that. Those statements have some assumptions like
we are not animals. When we say animals do this, animals do that, we often assume they are not
animals. If we are not animals, what are we? Are we plants or trees or flowers? No, we are not. Then
okay we are not plants? And are we microorganisms, really tiny microscopic things? No, we are not.
Then the natural conclusion must be we are not living things. That's not true. Yes, we are animals and I
see animals in us and I see humans in animals. So I'm going to talk about the animal behavior and human
nature. In order to understand human nature, we can look into animals eyes and animal behaviors and
find something about what made us, who we are.

Answer:
This lecture mainly talks about animal behaviors and human nature. Firstly, the speaker emphasizes that
there are some statements with assumptions that we are not animals. Also, he mentions the natural
conclusion must be we are not living things. Lastly, the speaker believes we can look into animals' eyes
and animal behaviors and find what made us. In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
(APEUni Website / App SST #30)
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Multiple Choice (Multiple)


Audio Available: There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at
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1. History (Incomplete)
Points: A lady talking about history and its importance, at the end she mentioned about history being fun
as well.
(APEUni Website / App LMCM #126)

2. Complaints (Incomplete)
Points: Two students complain about their classes. A boy asks a girl how about her classes. She says
she does not major in science but she also suffer pressures with a lot of reading and essays to do.
Options: Two students in science complain about too much school work; A student says she has many
options but still has a lot of school work to do.
(APEUni Website / App LMCM #78)

3. Nano-gold (Incomplete)
Points: About nano-gold and micron-gold. Question: What is the difference... Options: If the practical
size changes, the matter's property changes.
(APEUni Website / App LMCM #81)

4. Sharks (Incomplete)
Points: 要点:视频题,⼀个⻘年(奥克兰的鲨⻥博⼠)介绍⾃⼰为什么要研究鲨⻥和学习相关知识。 鲨⻥的
种类实在是太多了,你看这⽚⽔域就有XXX,那⽚⽔域有XXX,这些都对⽣物链有重要的影响。 sharks at
risk。 提到fierce。 问题:这⼈刚开始研究鲨⻥时,觉得鲨⻥如何? 选项:amazing; at risk。
(APEUni Website / App LMCM #69)

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Fill in the Blanks


Audio Available: There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at
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1. Brad and Lisa (Audio Available)


Brad: As I was saying, Professor Mitchell... Lisa: Oh, please call me Lisa. Brad: Yes, well Lisa, well l'm
still trying to get my head around the choice of electives for the optional part of the third-year program.
I was thinking of taking personal taxation law, and company tax, together with the extra five-credit-
point course on goods and services and VAT type taxes, but I'm a bit concerned that I'm going to
pigeon-hole myself too early in the course. Lisa: Yeah, hmmm. Brad: As you know there are going to
be interviews for summer clerkships coming up and I really don’t want to come across as too focused on
certain areas that a lot of firms don't even do, you know, have a practice in. Lisa: Well, don't forget, um.
only about 25% of the course at this stage is elective-based and you'll still have that core of subjects -
crim, legal institutions, evidence , property law, general commercial and fed-con law, all of which would
be of interest to a lot of firms. So if I were you, which I’m not, I’d really just go with what my interests
are and enjoy the chance to undertake some work in an area that I'm motivated to pursue. Don't you
think? There's an awful lot of time in this profession where you'll be undertaking long, stressful hours on
projects that don't really interest you as much.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #269)
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2. (Incomplete)
Points: Blanks: underneath, evaporation, infrastructure.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #268)

3. Dialogue (Incomplete)
Points: A dialogue between a professor and a male student in college. Blanks: admission, score, reality,
...
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #267)

4. Sceptical Environmentalist (Audio Available)


Some years ago, Bjorn Lomborg, a young Danish statistician, published a book called The Sceptical
Environmentalist. It became a bestseller and generated a lot of heat. Lomborg was attacked, abused
and accused of all manner of things; not because he denied the fact of global warming - in fact
he affirmed it - but because, on his analysis, the devil and, he says, a lot of deviousness was contained
in the details presented concerning the size of the problem and what were the most responsible steps to
take in response to global warming.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #266)
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5. Ocean and Climate (Incomplete)


Points: The oceans are a main part of the climate system. They cover about 71% of the surface and ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #265)

6. Giant Exoplanets (Audio Available)

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Giant exoplanets, like the so-called 'hot Jupiters' that are similar in characteristics to the solar system's
biggest planet and orbit very close to their host stars, are excellent targets for astronomers in their
search for their extrasolar worlds. The size and proximity of these planets is easy to detect as they
create a large decrease in brightness when passing in front of their parent stars.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #264)
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7. Star (Incomplete)
Points: ... (cluster) ...the (nearer) star ... (predictions) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #263)

8. Space Exploration (Incomplete)


Points: ... space (exploration) ... Armstrong ... (academia) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #262)

9. Kashmiri (Audio Available)


Two decades ago, Kashmiri houseboat-owners rubbed their hands every spring at the prospect of the
annual influx of tourists . From May to October, the hyacinth-choked waters of Dal Lake saw flotillas of
vividly painted Shikaras carrying Indian families, boho westerners, young travelers and wide-eyed
Japanese. Carpet-sellers honed their skills, as did purveyors of anything remotely embroidered while the
house boats initiated by the British Raj provided unusual accommodation. Any foreigners venturing there
risked their lives , proved in 1995 when five young Europeans were kidnapped and murdered.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #256)
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10. Shouxing (Incomplete)


Points: About Shouxing, which is referred to those who live long in Chinese. ... child star of ( ) ... (orient)
...
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #254)

11. Culture (Incomplete)


Points: ... leafy green, ... sea blue and... ( ) red color .... ... ( culture ) ... ( ) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #253)

12. Advertisement (Incomplete)


Points: A female's voice sounds like an advertisement for a tourism spot, with a background music.
Blanks: bare, magical, unique, ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #251)

13. Burial (Audio Available)


So between 4,000 and 3,000 BC the Mesopotamian Samarian cultures do not practice any kind of
burial. And then, about 3,000, in the early Dynastic Period, these burials start to reappear, and they
reappear with a certain amount of conspicuous consumption, and this is the context for the royal burials
at Ur. OK, so, the royal cemetery consists of quite a number of pits, so these are the excavation workers
who are coming down into the pits. So you get some sense of how really deep and how really difficult it
was to construct these chambers .

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(APEUni Website / App FIBL #247)


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14. Degree (Incomplete)


Points: ... (doctoral) degree ... (internship) ...
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #246)

15. Green Chemistry (Audio Available)


Green chemistry is a concept designed to develop technologies which allow chemistry to be practiced
with minimal damage to the environment or in an environmentally compatible way. And it's meant to
cover both chemical processes and chemical products . The center, if you would, set up about seven or
eight years ago, and the idea was to provide a hub of activities that covered fundamental research work,
industrial collaboration, but also educational developments. So we work with schools and on public
projects as well, and also networking. So we network out to well over 1000 people around the globe.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #245)
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16. Life on Mars (Audio Available)


The thing that makes it difficult is because even if life had evolved on Mars, the chances of being
preserved are very small. If we use Earth as a reference and our planet is teeming with life, yet it rarely
preserves evidence of life of the fossil record. And the focus now is on exploring
for habitable environments. If you're looking for water, a source of energy, either solar energy or thermal
energy or chemical energy, and then organic carbon, assuming life as we know it on Earth based on
carbon. So those are sort of the three things that we're looking for in the course of our mission.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #244)
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17. Library Catalog (Audio Available)


In this tutorial, we will show you how to find specific journal articles using the library catalog. The
university subscribes to over 18,000 journals across a variety of subjects, most of which are
available electronically to find a specific journal article using a library catalog. We need to search by the
journal name as individual article titles are not listed in the catalog.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #242)
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18. Belief (Audio Available)


Belief is the human capacity to imagine, to be creative, to hope and dream, to infuse the world with
meanings, and to cast our aspirations far and wide. Limited neither by personal experience
nor material reality. Believing is a commitment , an investment, a devotion to possibilities.
Beliefs permeate neurobiologies, bodies and ecologies acting as dynamic agents in evolutionary
processes. The human capacity for belief, the specifics of belief, and I, and our diverse belief systems
shape, structure and alter our daily lives, our societies, and the world around us.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #241)
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App to listen.

19. Malaria (Audio Available)


Also, malaria is something that is a very complex disease with this complex life cycle. That means that if
you're going to eliminate it, you have to be able to target cute parasites and humans. You have to be
able to target parasites in the mosquitoes, that mosquito population . And so that requires a lot of
resources. It requires really good planning and a health system across all these different levels . And so I
think the political capital that you need for that, the educational infrastructure you need for that, the
economic resources you need for that are quite a challenge .
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #240)
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20. Corporate Culture (Audio Available)


For a long time now, it's been a widely accepted and rarely questioned belief that a strong corporate
culture goes hand in hand with success. However, a recent study has cast some doubt on this principle.
After all, the authors of the report argue for culture. A company's build-up may be strong, but wrong.
There is little point in every employee marching to the same tune if they are all marching in the wrong
direction.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #239)
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21. Locomotion (Audio Available)


We are trying to understand the locomotion of one of our closest living relatives , which is the
orangutan, and also the locomotion of all of the apes and the common ancestor of humans and the other
apes. And in that area, we have had a big problem traditionally , and that we know a lot about how they
move around the forest. I've been out to the forest and spent a year recording the different types of
locomotion they use, but we have no idea about the energetic cost of how they move around the forest
and the solutions that they find to problems of moving around the canopy. And what we're doing here is
using the park or athletes as an analogy for a large bodied ape moving around a
complex environment and getting them to move around in the course that we've made that they've never
seen before. And we're going to record their energetic expenditure while they're doing it.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #236)
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22. Industrial Productivity (Audio Available)


I'm going to argue that the tremendous increases in productivity that we associate with the industrial
revolution originate not so much from changes in science or technology or new inventions, where
England was far from unique as from changes in attitudes, attitudes towards morality, towards what
constituted the good. Attitudes towards property, which became in England individuals long before it did
on the continent . Attitudes toward the proper role of government. And together , these attitudes
constitute much of what the Luddites were protesting against.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #235)
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23. Banana (Audio Available)


Well, the banana is the first cultivated fruit. It's one of the food items that literally brought people out of
the jungle, out of their hunter-gatherer lifestyles and was there at the dawn of agriculture which is what
helped force human beings into communities. It’s really one of the things that helped invent human
culture. It's about 7000 years of history, and the banana, from its center of origin , which is believed to
be Papua New Guinea, spread out with people who traveled in boats across the Pacific into
the mainland of Asia and all the way south to Australia across Indonesia and Micronesia and eventually
they moved as far as Africa and even possibly to Ecuador all in this time and all on paddle boats and
wind driven boats.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #234)
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24. Feasting Food (Audio Available)


One of the things that people have said about agriculture is that on the whole it's more
labor intensive than hunting and gathering, and that's one of the reasons why people have looked to
explanations which, you might say, are kind of coercive factors — that people have been forced into
agriculture because they had no alternative. That is ultimately what may happen. But at the very
beginning it could be that agriculture was developed because people wanted special status foods for
feasting; that it was actually a social need. I mean, how much of what we do in our lives is generated by
competition with others? And a lot of that is powered by desire for new things, new statuses,
new whatever it might be. Respect, recognition also are important. And in small-scale societies a lot of
those sorts of factors are generated by the ability to, for instance, throw feasts. One possibility is that
some of these foods that were being grown were actually intended especially as feasting foods.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #231)
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25. Viking (Audio Available)


For four centuries the Viking declined , the people of the Shetland Islands off the north coast of
Scotland continued to sell their goods through the North European Hanseatic League. The Hansas
merchants bought shiploads of salted fish and in return the islanders got cash, grain, cloth and other
goods. This lasted until the Act of Union between Scotland and England in 1707. This Act prohibited the
Hansa merchants from trading with Scotland. Consequently Shetland went into an economic depression .
The independent farmers of Shetland had to sell their land and were then obligated to pay rent,
eventually becoming serfs.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #229)
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26. Memory (Audio Available)


So in a very important tense, um, memory is the cognitive function that stores knowledge that we've
acquired through learning and perception , but also memory is important because memory frees our
behavior from being controlled by the present stimulus environment. If you didn't have memory, all you'd
be able to do was react to whatever is currently in the environment now, whatever it is that
you're experiencing . But memory allows us to respond to past events as well as events in the current
stimulus environment. And memory also gives us the means to reflect on our experiences so that we plan
for, for future encounters.

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(APEUni Website / App FIBL #227)


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App to listen.

27. Banana (Audio Available)


One day the banana is perfect. Bright yellow, firm, flavorful. But even within that same day brown spots
appear on your perfectly ripe banana, its flesh turns mushy, and it’s destined for the compost or at best,
banana bread. But scientists are developing a way to extend the life of ripe bananas. It’s a spray-on
coating made from chitosan—a substance found in crab and shrimp shells. The new gel can
be sprayed on bananas to slow the ripening process by up to 12 days. Like other fruits bananas remain
alive after being picked and it actually continues to respire. This means that they take in oxygen and
release carbon dioxide. The more the banana breathes the faster it ripens and then rots. Bananas ripen
more quickly than most fruit because they don’t naturally slow the respiration after being picked, in fact
it speeds up, causing bananas to become mushy. Chitosan not only kills the bacteria on banana’s skin
that then leads to rot, it also significantly slows down the respiration in the first place. So bananas won’t
drive you bananas.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #226)
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28. Adidas (Audio Available)


Adidas teamed up with an organization called Parley for the Oceans. Parley goes out and collects plastic
waste from the ocean. Adidas uses the plastic waste to make shoes. Shoes made with plastic from the
ocean: good for the environment and good for business. Because if you know that rapidly growing
consumer segment known as hipsters — and I know you know hipsters — then you know that a hipster
faced with the choice between a no-name shoe and an Adidas made with plastic from the ocean will
pick the Adidas every day of the week and twice on Sunday, and then walk around like it's no big deal
but look for every opportunity to talk about them.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #225)
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29. Medical Care (Audio Available)


So two decades later, what's changed? It's now widely recognized that just 20 percent of
health outcomes are tied to medical care, whereas up to 70 percent are tied to healthy behaviors and
what's called the social determinants of health — basically, everything that happens to us for that
vast majority of time when we're not in the doctor's office or the hospital. Health care executives now
routinely remind us that our zip code matters more than our genetic code. And one health care
publication even recently had the audacity to describe the social determinants of health as "the feel-
good buzzword of the year".
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #224)
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30. Technology and Business (Audio Available)


Good evening ladies and gentlemen. My theme for this session is convergence Technology Change and
Business Practice. This is somewhat dear to my heart, in that I have spent much of the last fifteen years
involved in various aspects of technology and their impact on business, across a broad spectrum , from

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applications of signal processing in manufacture right through to the use of utilization data and diary
applications, to improve the time utilization of the sales force.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #223)
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31. Age (Audio Available)


What was interesting and revealing about younger and middle-aged views on old age was
how relative these were to the individual’s own age. Those in their teens regarded 40 as old whereas
those in their 40s thought 70 or 80 was old. For many, health was seen as a determining factor in
deciding who is old, and many young participants commented on how fit and active their grandparents
are, while others thought ill-health and dependence were an inevitable part of aging. The majority of
participants, however, regarded old age as something negative, and many expressed fear
of growing old.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #222)
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32. Lead-in Time (Audio Available)


Lead-in time is the amount of time that elapses between a business placing an order with a supplier for
more stock or raw materials and the delivery of the goods to the business. Businesses want the lead-
time to be as short as possible, so that they can meet their customer orders and minimize the time
between paying for the stock and receiving the feedback from the customer. However, this may not
happen due to a number of factors , such as delays in the supplier receiving the order, or the breakdown
of the suppliers' lorries delivering the stock to the business.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #221)
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33. Early Chocolate (Audio Available)


The earlier chocolate was quite unpalatable. They used to add things to it to make it more palatable, so
for the early chocolate, they didn't know how to extract all the cocoa fat from it, so it was, or could be
quite greasy and if you made it as a drink you'd have this sort of scum on the top. So they used to try
and add things to it, like starch and things, to make it a more palatable product. So there were a lot
of scandals around the kind of things they were adding to chocolate in the nineteenth century. So by the
sort of 1870s, 1880s, there are people like Cadbury's saying, 'Our chocolate is absolutely pure'. We have
this new process, the Van Houten process which now extracts all this horrible fat that we can use to
make eating chocolate. Now we have a pure product.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #220)
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34. Palm Oil (Audio Available)


So, palm oil is the most widely produced oil crop currently. It's used in a wide range of industries ,
including food for bio-fuels and in soaps and shampoo. However, though sector's growing fast, and
unfortunately palm oil grows in exactly the same environment as tropical rain forest. So, the use and
the development of palm oil, the growth in the sector, is leading to wide-scale deforestation. What we
are hoping to do is if we can come up an alternative we can slow the growth of the sector and therefore

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stop the wide-scale deforestation in south Asia.


(APEUni Website / App FIBL #219)
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App to listen.

35. Seminal Difference (Audio Available)


One seminal difference in policy remains; the coalition has not matched what is Labor's most important
innovation promise. That is to bring together responsibilities for innovation, industry, science and
research under one single federal minister. Innovation responsibilities currently lie within the powerful
Department of Education and Science, and while there is a separate industry department, it has little
influence within Cabinet. This has hampered policy development and given Australia's innovation policies
a distinct science and research bias . It is the scientists rather than the engineers who call the tune in
innovation policy in Canberra, so it's no surprise our policies are all about boosting government funded
research and later commercializing their results.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #216)
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36. Well-being (Audio Available)


Life in the UK 2012 provides a unique overview of well-being in the UK today. The report is the first
snapshot of life in the UK to be delivered by the Measuring National Well-being program and will be
updated and published annually. Well-being is discussed in terms of the economy, people and the
environment. Information such as the unemployment rate or number of crimes against the person are
presented alongside data on people’s thoughts and feelings, for example, satisfaction with our jobs or
leisure time and fear of crime. Together, a richer picture on 'how society is doing' is provided.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #208)
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37. Cultural Heritage (Audio Available)


All around the world, significant parts of our cultural heritage are threatened by pollution,
neglect, carelessness and greed. In learning the importance of our history, we come to understand the
need to protect significant remains from the past so that future generations can come to understand
their heritage.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #166)
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38. Cavemen (Audio Available)


You might picture Neanderthals as cavemen gnawing on bones around a campfire. Which wouldn’t
be inaccurate But Neanderthals may have also dined on roasted vegetables and known a bit about
medicinal plants too. So says a study in the journal Naturwissenschaften (The Science of Nature).
Researchers analyzed hardened dental plaque from five Neanderthals found in El Sidrón cave, in
northern Spain. Yes, 50,000-year-old dental plaque. And they found a lot lurking between the teeth.
Like evidence of nuts, grasses and green veggies, chemical traces of wood smoke, and tiny, intact
starch granules, proof Neanderthals ate their carbs. And in one individual, they detected compounds
found in the medicinal herbs chamomile and yarrow. The herbs have no nutritional value, and since
Neanderthals did have the gene to detect the herbs’ bitter taste, the researchers speculate that the cave

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dwellers were munching on them not as food—but to self-medicate. Not too far-fetched, they say,
because primates like chimps also use medicinal plants. Luckily for the scientists doing
this detective work, Neanderthals may have known a thing or two about medicine, but they didn’t get
regular check-ups at the dentist.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #165)
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39. Dogs (Audio Available)


Dogs are not just man’s best friend. Previous studies have shown that kids with dogs are less likely to
develop asthma. Now a new study may show how— if results from mice apply to us. The work was
presented at a meeting of the American Society for Microbiology . The study tests what’s called
the hygiene hypothesis. The idea is that extreme cleanliness may actually promote disease later on.
Researchers collected dust from homes that had a dog. They fed that house dust to mice. They then
infected the mice with a common childhood infection called respiratory syncytial virus —or RSV.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #164)
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40. Sweet Potato (Audio Available)


Sweet potatoes contain fiber, vitamin A and calcium . But the way that scientists think they can make
them even more healthful is literally shocking. Researchers found that giving a jolt of electricity to sweet
potatoes increased the level of antioxidants known as polyphenols by 60 percent.
The investigators placed sweet potatoes in a solution of sodium chloride. They found that 0.2 amps of
direct current gave the potatoes nearly one and a half times more antioxidants than potatoes that
weren’t shocked. The research was presented at the National Meeting of the American Chemical
Society. It seems that the electric zap stressed the potatoes into producing more polyphenols as a
protective mechanism . And the treatment did not sacrifice flavor. Previous research has shown that
electrically supercharging white potatoes increases antioxidant levels. So perhaps it’s only a matter of
time before other fruits and vegetables get shock counted therapy to Re-Start.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #150)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
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41. Bees (Audio Available)


Dave Hackenberg, a beekeeper since 1962, can usually tell what killed his bees just by looking at them. If
they're lying on the ground in front of a hive, it's probably pesticides, he says. If the bees
are deformed and wingless, it's probably vampire mites. But last fall, Hackenberg saw something he had
never seen before. Thousands of his bee colonies simply disappeared . He was in Florida at the time,
pulling the lids off some of his commercial hives. To his horror , they were all empty.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #141)
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42. Social Media (Incomplete)


Points: A video about how people are using social media to get feedback.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #136)

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43. Pharmaceutical Industry (Audio Available)


It is about a hundred years since that great Canadian-born physician Sir William Osler, Regius Professor
of Medicine in Oxford, complained about the increasing influence of the pharmaceutical industry on the
medical profession . He would be turning in his grave at the way the industry now dominates
doctors' prescribing habits. It does this not only by direct and indirect pressure on the doctors
themselves, but also by encouraging the public to ask for scripts.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #135)
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44. Almonds (Audio Available)


And one particular crop, almond in the US and now in Australia, is transforming the world of beekeeping
and of bees. What has happened is that something serendipitous came along that people found out, that
doctors found out that almonds are good for you, a confection but it's good for you. The Almond Board
got a very aggressive promotion going on for almonds. They actually, I just heard recently, send out
sales reps to cardiologists at hospitals to promote the heart benefits of almonds. In a very good
promotion of almonds, and it's legitimate promotion because they are a healthy food.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #134)
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45. Share Prices (Audio Available)


Well, the simple explanation might be that yesterday's sudden drop in share prices pretty much across
the board has created what market analysts like to call a buying opportunity. It tends to bring out
investors to pick through the ruins, looking for bargains . Decision by investors that sellers got a little
carried away with things so the buyers have lifted all the major indexes today. The Dow, the NASDAQ,
the S&P 500 were all up around half a percent in early trading today, and that wasn't a big surprise. The
sell-off continued somewhat overseas European markets remain fairly weak, along with many of the
Asian markets. But you'll remember that all this started with a big plunge of around 9 percent on the
stock market in Shanghai. Well, Chinese rebounded by around 4 percent.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #133)
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46. Tesla (Incomplete)


Points: Tesla showed that you could make a luxury {{1}} car for a profit. That got the attention of other
luxury carmakers — also, government {{2}} from California and other states that promote electric
vehicles. Automakers used to respond to these ((3)). They'd build what's called a compliance car. Chelsa
Sexton, an industry consultant and electric vehicle advocate, explains. It is expensive. It's low volume. It's
hard to get. It's somehow engineered to be a little bit {{4}} in some way, very low range.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #131)

47. Arts and Humanities (Audio Available)


My current research at the moment is really quite broad. I work at the interface between the Arts and
Humanities, particularly archeology , but trying to find questions which are difficult to answer unless you
start integrating computing and visualization So really I work in this boundary between trying to
understand cultural questions about the past, but those sorts of questions that you can't address unless
you start reconstructing, start modeling and visualizing past landscape objects and movement of people.

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(APEUni Website / App FIBL #130)


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48. New Epidemic (Audio Available)


You've heard about SARS, AIDS and bird flu. Now researchers from Australia claim we're about to be hit
by a new epidemic: Motivational Deficiency Disorder. According to the British Medical Journal, one
in five people are said to suffer from Motivational Deficiency Disorder, or Moded, and most don't even
know they have it. Symptoms include being unable to get out of bed in the morning, being trapped on
the couch.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #129)
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49. Cars in America (Audio Available)


There are some 250 million cars in America, 250 million cars in the country with just over 300 million
people. And most of those vehicles, of course, are gas powered . This poses a huge challenge given the
limited supplies of oil and the growing urgency of the global warming crisis. But there is good news,
according to our guests today. And that is we have the know-how and the technology to build sleek ,
fast automobiles that don't use gasoline. These vehicles of tomorrow are powered by hydrogen ,
electricity, bio-fuels, and digital technology. And they already exist. So what's stopping us from putting
them on the roads? Our guests today will help answer that.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #125)
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50. Gap Year (Incomplete)


Points: I'm a big fan of gap years. I took one myself so I'm probably {{1}} . I think that if you've got
something you want to do in the year before you come to university, that you should do it — and a lot of
students who want to study a {{2}} degree actually want to go off and travel and perhaps work on a {{3}}
project and of course that's all very good, it will {{4}} towards your degree and your preparation for that
and then when you come to us you'll be ready for your studies. So if there's something you really want to
do then my {{5}} is to go for it.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #122)

51. Social Harm (Audio Available)


Social harm originates out of a series of debates within criminology about the narrowness of the
definition of crime, that essentially, focuses on individual acts of harm, things like inter-personal
violence, theft, so on and so forth. So the idea of social harm originally was to expand that notion of
harm to encompass the harms that organisations and nation states cause. But latterly the idea of social
harm really now transcends criminology so there are a group of writers who think that—and I would
include myself there—that actually there's something to social harm that could be very useful in terms of
trying to understand the harms that occur within society, to produce an objective and well-rounded
analyses of harm.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #121)
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52. Green Chemistry (Audio Available)


Green Chemistry is a concept designed to develop technologies which allow chemistry to be practiced
with minimal damage to the environment, or in an environmentally compatible way, and it's meant to
cover both chemical processes and chemical products . The center was set up about seven or eight
years ago. And the idea was to provide a hub of activities that covered fundamental research work,
international collaboration, but also educational development on public understanding of the project as
well, and also networking so we network out to well over 1000 people around the globe.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #119)
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53. Sunflowers (Audio Available)


These two paintings, both called “Sunflowers,” are generally accepted as the finest of
several depictions of the thick-stemmed, nodding blooms that Van Gogh made in 1888 and 1889 during
his time in Arles. The first is now in the collection of the National Gallery in London, and the second is in
the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Van Gogh referred to this work as a repetition of the London
painting. But art historians and curators have long been curious to know how different this “repetition” is
from the first. Should it be considered a copy, an independent artwork or something in between?
An extensive research project conducted over the past three years by conservation experts at both the
National Gallery and the Van Gogh Museum has concluded that the second painting was “not intended
as an exact copy of the original ,” said Ella Hendriks, a professor of conservation and restoration at the
University of Amsterdam, who was the lead researcher on the project.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #110)
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54. Tax Increases (Audio Available)


Working together, they figured out that if the government was going to propose some kinds of
significant tax increases, which is a good strategy require me to at least lie something
like getting something for those big tax brackets, not seeing any results. So the result of that was in
the package of legislation that included the tax increases. There was awesome information to have
significant expansion of coverage families where they can buy into their private insurance .
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #109)
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55. Rebuilding Soils (Audio Available)


Rebuilding carbon-rich agriculture soils is the only real productive, permanent solution to taking excess
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. She’s frustrated that scientists and politicians don’t see the same
opportunities she sees. This year Australia will emit just over 600 million tonnes of carbon. We can
sequester 685 million tonnes of carbon by increasing soil carbon by half a percent on only 2% of the
farms. If we increased it on all of the farms, we would sequester the whole world’s emissions of carbon.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #108)
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56. Entrepreneurs (Audio Available)


Why do we need more entrepreneurs right now? The entrepreneurs who create and run our businesses,

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who play by the rules, are in fact critical to our success as a nation. We need them especially today.
Business, not government, will end this recession . Government must help by creating fair
rules, sound monetary policy, and by protecting our fellow citizens in periods when they are jobless. We
have to make way for the new entrepreneurial firms that will push us to frontiers of innovation.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #105)
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57. Economists (Audio Available)


An economist sees the world basically through a typical micro-economic toolkit. That involves things like
thinking at the margin , rationality, opportunity cost, trade-offs. Economists like any
other discipline rules, and its own way of seeing the world. So basically economics, or economists in
general tend to apply micro-economic concepts like that to explain the way humans behave and to make
predictions about the future.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #104)
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58. Nanotechnology (Audio Available)


What is nanotechnology? Well, a report that was put together by a combination of the Royal Society and
the Royal Academy of Engineering that came out last summer, identifies two topics. Nano-science is the
study of phenomena and the manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales,
where properties differ significantly from those as a larger scale. Nanotechnologies are the design,
characterization, production and application of structures , devices and systems by controlling shape and
size at the nanometer scale. So I'll talk a little bit more in a moment about what a nanometer is,
but loosely speaking people think of nanotechnologies as being a sort of a hundred nanometers or less.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #99)
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59. Financial Markets (Audio Available)


Financial markets swung wildly yesterday in frenzied trading market by further selling
of equities and fears about an unraveling of the global carry trade. At the same time trading in the
European credit markets in London was exceptionally heavy for a third consecutive day. London trading
was marked by particularly wild swings in the prices of credit derivatives, used to ensure investors
against corporate defaults.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #96)
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60. Oceanographer (Audio Available)


For many years the favorite horror story about abrupt climate change was that a shift in ocean currents
could radically cool Europe's climate. These currents, called the overturning circulation bring warm water
and warm temperatures north from the equator to Europe. Susan Loosier, an oceanographer at Duke
University, says scientists have long worried that this ocean circulation could be disrupted.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #95)
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61. Beautiful Building (Audio Available)


Along the way, we have built unashamedly beautiful buildings, two of which have won and been runner-
up in the prestigious United Nations World Habitat Award: the first time an Australian building has
received that international honor. We rely on older concepts of Australian architecture that are heavily
influenced by the bush. All residents have private verandas which allow them to socialize outdoors and
also creates some "defensible space" between their bedrooms and public areas. We use a lot
of natural or soft materials and build beautiful landscaped gardens.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #94)
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62. CPG (Audio Available)


In animals, a movement is coordinated by a cluster of neurons in the spinal cord called the central
contract pattern generator (CPG). This produces signals that drive muscles to contract rhythmically in a
way that produces running or walking, depending on the pattern of pulse. A simple signal from the brain
instructs the CPG to switch between modes such as going from a standstill to walking.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #92)
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63. Planting Bananas (Incomplete)


Points: 关于⾹蕉种植史。 单词有:communities; demographic; transition; pedal; origin。
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #90)

64. Water Crisis (Audio Available)


Now that story's been scotched, as only part of contingency planning. But it was a symptom of the
dramatic turn of events in South Australia, and it flushed out other remarks from water academics and
people like Tim Flannery, indicating that things were really much worse than had been foreshadowed ,
even earlier this year. So is Adelaide, let alone some whole regions of South Australia, in serious bother?
Considering that the vast amount of its drinking water comes from the beleaguered Murray, something
many of us outside the State may not have quite realized. Is their predicament something we have to
face up to as a nation?
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #88)
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65. Shakespeare (Audio Available)


For all his fame and celebration, William Shakespeare remains a mysterious figure with regards to
personal history. There are just two primary sources for information on the Bard: his works, and various
legal and church documents that have survived from Elizabethan times. Naturally, there are many gaps in
this body of information, which tells us little about Shakespeare the man.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #86)
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66. Laurence Stephen Lowry (Audio Available)


Laurence Stephen Lowry RBS RA was an English artist. Many of his drawings and paintings depict Pend
Lebury, Lancashire, where he lived and worked for more than 40 years, and also Salford and its

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surrounding areas. Lowry is famous for painting scenes of life in the industrial districts of North West
England in the mid-20th century. He developed a distinctive style of painting and is best known for
his city landscapes peopled with human figures often referred to as matchstick man. He painted
mysterious unpopulated landscapes, brooding portraits and the unpublished "marionette" works, which
were only found after his death.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #89)
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67. Warmer Ocean (Audio Available)


The ocean has been getting bluer, according to a study published in the journal Nature. But that’s not
really good news for the planet . It means that the plants that give the ocean its green tint aren’t doing
well. Scientists say that’s because the ocean has been getting warmer .
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #87)
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68. Neo-Latin (Audio Available)


Those of you who've never heard the term neo-Latin, may be forgiven for thinking it's a new South
American dance craze. If you're puzzled when I tell you it has something to do with the language of
Romans, take heart, over the years many classes who have confessed they are not really sure what it is
either. Some have assumed that they are so-called ‘Late-Latin', written at the end of the Roman
Empire. Others have supposed it must have something to do with the middle ages. Or perhaps it's
that pseudo-Latin which my five and seven-year-old boys seem to have gleaned from the Harry Potter
books, useful for spells and curses that they zip one another with makeshift paper ash ones. No, in fact,
neo-Latin is more or less the same as the Latin that was written in the ancient world, classical Latin. So,
what's so new about it?
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #85)
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69. CEO's Duty (Audio Available)


That brings us to the CEO's second duty: building everyone or more accurately, building the senior team.
All the executives report to the CEO, so it's the CEO's job to hire , fire, and manage the executive team.
From coaching CEOs, I actually think this is the most important skill of all. Because when a CEO hires an
excellent senior team, that team can keep the company running. when a CEO hire a poor senior team,
the CEO is up spending all of their time trying to do with the team, and not nearly enough time trying to
do with other elements of their job. The senior team can and often does develop the strategy for the
company, but ultimately it's always the CEO who has the final 'go-no-go' decision on strategy.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #80)
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70. Dropping Out (Audio Available)


A majority of U.S. high school students say they get bored in class every day, and more than one out
of five has considered dropping out, according to a survey released on Wednesday. The survey of 81,000
students in twenty-six states found two-thirds of high school students complain of boredom, usually
because the subject matter was irrelevant or their teachers didn't seem to care about them.

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(APEUni Website / App FIBL #79)


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71. Integrated Ticketing (Audio Available)


Well in 2004 we integrated ticketing in South East Queensland, so we have introduced a paper ticket
that allowed you to travel across all the three modes in South East Queensland, so bus, train
and ferry and the second stage of integrated ticketing is the introduction of a Smart Card, and the
Smart Card will enable people to store value so to put value on the card, and then to use the card
for traveling around the system.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #72)
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72. Japanese Researchers (Audio Available)


For the first time, Japanese researchers have conducted a real-life experiment that shows how some
traffic jams appear for no apparent reason. They placed the 22 vehicles on a single track, and asked the
drivers to cruise around at a constant speed of 30 kilometers an hour. At first, traffic moves smoothly,
but soon, the distance between cars started to vary and vehicles clumped together at one point on the
track, but the jams spread backward around the track, like a shockwave at a rate of about 20 kilometers
an hour. Real-life jams move backward at about the same speed.
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #71)
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73. Online Dating (Audio Available)


Bruch and her colleague Mark Newman studied who swapped messages with whom on a popular online
dating platform in the month of January 2014. They categorized users by desirability using PageRank,
one of the algorithms behind search technology. Essentially if you receive a dozen messages from
desirable users, you must be more desirable than someone who receives the same number of messages
from average users. Then they asked: How far "out of their league" do online daters tend to go when
pursuing a partner? "I think people are optimistic realists In other words, they found that both men and
women tended to pursue mates just 25 percent more desirable than themselves. "So they're being
optimistic, but they're also taking into account their own relative position within this overall desirability
hierarchy." And the study did have a few more lessons for people on the market: "I think one of the
take-home messages from this study is that women could probably afford to be more aspirational in
their mate pursuit."
(APEUni Website / App FIBL #73)
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Highlight Correct Summary


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1. Ambassador (Incomplete)
Points: 要点:男声的说他是英国驻⽇本的ambassador,在⽇本很多年。 选项:politician; (答案)
businessman;(⼲扰项) teacher(⼲扰项)
(APEUni Website / App HCS #66)

2. Ugly Building (Audio Available)


Original:
It seems to me that architecture is pretty much something that causes us both pleasure and trouble. I
live in the part of western London where I think many of the streets are really really ugly, and this
distresses me everytime when I walk to a supermarket or walk to the tube. I do not understand why they
built those buildings without architecture. A bad building has a serious impact on the people around it,
which could be hundreds of years. It lasted so long, and if you write a bad book or a bad play, I will be
shocked when it was shown. Suppose the book arose a little bit from the frustration, and then I realize if
you talk about architecture, you will say why building are not more beautiful. Then you will say I can use
such work as "beauty", which is a really arrogant word. And no one knows what beautiful is. It's all in the
eye of the beholder. I couldn't help but think about that actually. Well, you know that we all attempt to
agree that Rome is nice than Milkykings, and San Francisco has the edge of Frankfurt, so we can make
that sort of generalization. Surely they are something we can say about why a building works or why it
doesn't. So the books really attempt to suggest why architecture works when it does and what might go
wrong when it doesn't work.

Options:
A) Whether buildings are beautiful or not does not have any influence on people' lives. Beauty is a
clear definition which everyone knows.
B) London is a modern city, where there is no ugly buildings. All the supermarkets and streets are
very beautiful, because everyone who lives there knows what 'beautiful' is.
C) Ugly buildings can impact people who live around them, even for hundreds of year. Beautiful is a
very hard thing to define, as no one really knows what beautiful is.

Answer:
C
(APEUni Website / App HCS #61)
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3. Pancake Ice (Audio Available)


Original:
Pancake ice is an intermediate step between an open-water configuration and a totally frozen body of
water. We know that a combination of very cold temperatures and waves is necessary to make the
pancakes form in the first place. After these waves make it form, there's an entire spectrum - so a wide
collection of frequency waves that they would encounter, whether they be from wind shear or they'd be
from you know that the ocean long slow waves. The easiest way to study it is to look at each individual
range of frequencies one after another. Sort of gain a wider perspective on how the pancake ice
interacts with waves. The ultimate aim of our research is to better inform the meteorological modelers

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of the world who are looking at Antarctica as well as the Arctic and some of the other cold regions of
the world. We're conducting work in the Sea-Ice-Wind-Wave-lnteraction facility here at UniMeIb. It was
designed by the head of our department Jason Monty. He had the foresight to use a modular design,
which means there are individual sections that are stacked together, so since we're built to the space
that we have in this lab right now. When we moved to Fishermans Bend we can extend our model and a
few more sections to make it much longer. And that will enable us to have longer runtimes, have more
developed waves as well as add some other possibilities of study.

Options:
A) Pancake ice is formed under deep sea, which only requires extremely cold temperature itself. The
aim of the research is mere scientific experiments, and does not have serve practical purposes.
B) Pancake ice exists in a warm river, which requires warm water, rain or snow. The aim of the
research is to forecast weather in those river regions.
C) Pancake ice is formed by extremely cold temperature and waves, which needs a wide collection of
frequency. The aim of the research is to give the meteorological modelers a better understanding of
this phenomenon through a special lab.

Answer:
C
(APEUni Website / App HCS #60)
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Multiple Choice (Single)


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1. Computer and Human (Incomplete)


Points: A male lecturer in a blue shirt, whose voice is very clear without noise. Nowadays computers can
understand something people say. You can ask them about the weather, but they cannot answer all
questions you ask, because they cannot understand all human languages. Finally AI is mentioned.
Question: Which one is true in the following statements? Options: Computers can do ...; Computers
cannot do ...
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #129)

2. Lost Dog (Incomplete)


Points: Your neighbor's dog is missing and you help him by finding and returning it to him. He is very
grateful and treat you with cakes as rewards. Such things happen many times, and every time he is
grateful. But once, you send his lost dog back to him as usual, but he expresses no thanks, offers no
reward, and give no explanation. You are unhappy. Next time such a thing happens, will you help him?
Wasn't a right thing you help him for the first time? Question: What's the main purpose of the speaker?
Options: analyze behavior; predict result; criticize action; question motivate ( correct answer).
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #87)

3. Children Genders (Incomplete)


Points: Nowadays marketers will muddle up the concept of children's genders. Question: The speaker
thinks marketers______ Options: distrusted; fearful (correct answer); (commendatory term 1);
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #86)

4. Timetable (Incomplete)
Points: A conversation between a boy and a girl. The boy complains that he has classes throughout the
five week days and has to go to lectures on Mondays. The girl says that's common. Options: Full
timetable (correct answer ).
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #85)

5. Wright Brothers (Incomplete)


Points: About Wright Brothers, who invented the airplane. The invention of the airplane got inspirations
from the bicycle, and 'bicycle' and 'balance' are mentioned a couple of times. Options: Different two
things can be of the reference to each other. ( including a word inter-...)
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #75)

6. Major in Engineering (Incomplete)


Points: A video. What does it talk about? (Note the title of the video) Options: Why choosing
engineering; The benefit of joining the competition.
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #31)

7. Bibliography and Reference (Incomplete)


Points: About the difference between bibliography and reference. Options: The scopes are different
(correct answer).
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #64)

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8. Marriage and Health (Incomplete)


Points: About which ones, the married and the unmarried, are healthier. ... long-term diseases ...
Options: Unmarried people are less likely to have chronic diseases.
(APEUni Website / App LMCS #55)

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Select Missing Word


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1. Memory (Incomplete)
Points: Short term memory to remember phone numbers. Too quickly to remember.
(APEUni Website / App SMW #130)

2. Ageing Population (Incomplete)


Points: About ageing population. It possibly talks about things related with work just before ending.
Option: with the labor force.
(APEUni Website / App SMW #82)

3. Eclipse (Incomplete)
Points: 关于⼈们⽤什么⽅法来观赏eclipse,最后⼀句话的倒数第⼆个单词是lunar(beep)。 选项:
eclipse;night;moon。
(APEUni Website / App SMW #66)

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Highlight Incorrect Words


Audio Available: There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at
APEUni Website / App to listen.

1. Volunteer (Incomplete)
Points: Many students work as a volunteer, for example, at weekends or in summer holidays.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #330)

2. News Channels (Incomplete)


Points: I/we wondered where media/news came from. ... So they (media/news channels) came from my
neighborhood.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #329)

3. Experimental Scientist (Audio Available)


Original:
What we are gonna find out today is how it's a bit more demanding (Answer: complicated) than that,
which it always is. I think it's really ordinary (Answer: wonderful) . I mean, not being an experimental
scientist myself, I have a kind of confusion (Answer: envy) at the way in which science can continue
to upset (Answer: surprise) us by this. People working away in labs, moving on our emotion (Answer:
understanding) in ways. Hugo is a cognitive scientist at the French National Center for Scientific
Research. Hugo Mercier.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #327)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

4. Sotheby (Audio Available)


Original:
The world has changed. The economics of the world have changed, and the art market has come in
behind that. Absolutely. And it is part of the reason why Christie's left Australia and no longer has an
office here. And Sotheby. It's basically a branch or a purchase (Answer: foundation) , for want of a better
word of Sotheby's International. So neither auction plan (Answer: firm) has a really permanent
international situation (Answer: existence) in Australia because they are focusing their attention on the
places they can make money, which is the Middle East, India and Asia.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #326)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

5. Dramatic Changes (Audio Available)


Original:
Dramatic changes in human life support systems took place in the modern world over the last 500 years.
Human populations (Answer: communities) during this time period reached unprecedented sizes and
growth rates. Global migrations introduced exotic plants, animals, diseases (Answer: developments) ,
technologies and cultural beliefs throughout the world. The Industrial Revolution and its aftermath
transformed ecosystems (Answer: economies) on an unparalleled scale and intensity.
Urban places (Answer: spaces) exploded in number and size during the period and large-scale social
systems emerged that were tied together by networks of economic exchange, production (Answer:
transport) and communication.

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(APEUni Website / App HIW #325)


There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

6. Written Assessment (Audio Available)


Original:
We're going to have a short written assessment which will happen every fortnight. You will all
be broken (Answer: taken) up into small groups, so feel free to ask any questions as I go along. And we'll
also ask you to assimilate (Answer: participate) . So if you'd all like to open your books to page one.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #324)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

7. Definition of Happiness (Audio Available)


Original:
There have been various definitions of happiness throughout history and the history
of psychology (Answer: philosophy) , the ones which interest me are attitudes (Answer: approaches) to
happiness that follow the Enlightenment, particularly in the work of Jeremy Bentham, for whom
happiness was really a combination of physical sensations (Answer: feelings) , pleasures as different
combinations and aggregations of pleasure and pain occur over time. They create (Answer:
generate) these psychological experiences that Bentham called happiness. But underlying them for
Bentham were physical triggers and elements (Answer: dimensions) .
(APEUni Website / App HIW #323)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

8. Cumulative Culture (Audio Available)


Original:
They may be our cousins, but orangutans and other primates are nowhere near humans in terms of
technological accomplishment (Answer: achievement) , social organization or culture. As humans,
capacity for building off one another, an interesting (Answer: integral) part of our so called cumulative
culture that has allowed us to build up so much in so little time. But how do we develop
such accurate (Answer: advanced) methods of learning in the first place? Kevin Leyland of the University
of St Andrews spoke with me about his team's quest to pinpoint the social and cultural (Answer:
cognitive) process that underlie humans ability to acquire and transfer (Answer: transmit) knowledge.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #302)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

9. Australia's Greenhouse Gas (Audio Available)


Original:
It's basically all the same thing. A generous (Answer: complicated) plan to cut back Australia's
greenhouse gases. And we are, per capita the biggest carbon polluters on the globe (Answer: planet) .
But it's not carbon trading that will make the first big cuts will come from the
Governments reduced (Answer: renewable) energy policy (Answer: target) . Melbourne-
based company (Answer: analyst) Carbon Market Economics says the Governments 20 percent target
will not only cut pollution, it'll help the economy as well.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #246)

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There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

10. BioBonanza (Audio Available)


Original:
BioBonanza is a one-day-open-house festival. All of the researchers in the Department of Biology are
going to be showcasing their research so scholars (Answer: students) can come and see research,
interact with the researchers. And we want people to be able to interact and have fun of this event. As
soon as you walk in the doors, you'll see all sorts of activities, images (Answer: displays) of how a human
heart works. We'll have segments (Answer: sections) of spinal cord and brain. You'll get to be able to
see moths (Answer: butterflies) and all sorts of insects. You'll be able to try to catch some local insects
and we'll have activities like wandering (Answer: walking) through local plant gardens and seeing how
photosynthesis work.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #129)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

11. Dog Training (Incomplete)


Points: She took a gap from school for dog training that she really wants to do and used her gap year
by training dog. I really wanted to do that. ( serving was instead of training)
(APEUni Website / App HIW #79)

12. Poverty Ending (Audio Available)


Original:
For some people, this presentation (Answer: proposition) may seem far fetched, but ending poverty is
both ethically (Answer: morally) necessary and actually feasible. All of us must play a role in making it
happen. All human beings want, and have a way (Answer: right) to live in dignity, to determine our own
destinies, and to be respected by other, by other people. Despite the universality of three (Answer:
these) rights, our capacities to fulfill them vary enormously, and no divining (Answer: dividing) line is
more profound in influencing the quality of our lives than the gulf between poverty and prosperity.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #73)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

13. Probability (Audio Available)


Original:
Oh, it’s very spooky. First of all, probability by itself is spooky. Give me… let me show you how
probability enters the sample (Answer: system) . You walk past a store window and you see an image of
yourself in the store window, you straighten the part, not so bad you know, for a man of my age. The
guy in the store window who’s fooling around with mannequins he sees you and you see yourself. What
does that mean? A beam (Answer: stream) of photons from sunlight leaves your face, heads for the
store window – let’s consider one of them. It has a choice: it can go right through, so that the guy
behind the window can see you, or it can be reflected from the store window. Some actions (Answer:
fractions) of them are reflected, and some of them go through. What determines that? What determines
the future of that photon? And doubtless (Answer: countless) such examples teach us that it’s random,
that it’s a roll (Answer: throw) of the dice, and that’s where Einstein made his famous statement “God
plays dice with the universe.” That every instant of that single object, that quantum object we have
probability, we do not have certainty.

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(APEUni Website / App HIW #71)


There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

14. Diabetes (Audio Available)


Original:
No that was, and that’s an important aspect, as you referred (Answer: alluded) to earlier we’ve previously
done work which has proven that in some circumstances (Answer: situations) , even people whose blood
pressure is not high, can benefit from blood pressure lowering rehabilitation (Answer: therapy) . So in
this study the main reason that we included the patients was because of diabetes, we didn’t care what
their blood pressure was, whether it was high or low. And our intention (Answer: objective) was to see
whether or not lowering average or below average blood pressure in diabetics was beneficial and
the effect (Answer: result) suggested that irrespective of whether your blood pressure was high or low,
if you had diabetes you profited (Answer: benefited) .
(APEUni Website / App HIW #70)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

15. Article (Audio Available)


Original:
What's an article? I was asking myself this very question in the post office yesterday, standing in line
waiting to sign for, as it so happens, an article. A postal article. Not the postal article. Now before we
get ahead of ourselves, an article in English is a verb (Answer: word) that precedes a noun, and simply
indicates specificity. This sounds quite complicated, and to be honest, it's quite complicated to say
without spraying everyone within 15 feet, but the concept's quite simple. The definite article in English is
the word "the", and indicates a specific thing or type; for example, the train is an hour late.
By comparison (Answer: contrast) , the indefinite article in English is any of the words "a", "an" or
"some", and the indefinite article indicates a non-specific thing; for example, would you please pass me
an apple. We always recede (Answer: precede) a word with "a" if it doesn't start with a vowel sound. For
example, take a hike; I'm spending a Weekend at Burnie's; or there's a Knight in Shining Armour.
Similarly, we precede words with the indefinite article "an" if they do start with a vowel sound, for
example, an ostrich, an eternal (Answer: enormous) mess or an Occupational Health and Safety Policy.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #16)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

16. Height (Audio Available)


Original:
Height is correlated with a lot of things. Up to a certain height, taller people make more money than the
vertically challenged. And the taller developmental (Answer: presidential) overpopulate (Answer:
candidate) almost always wins. Now a study finds that your height as an adult has a profound effect on
your perception of your health. Short people judge their health to be worse than average or tall people
judge theirs. The research was published in the journal repairable (Answer: Clinical) Endocrinology. Data
for the study came from the 2003 Health Survey for England. More than 14,000 participants filled out
questionnaires and had their heights measured. The study only looked at how good the subject thought
his or her health was, not their actual health. Questions focused on five areas: mobility, self-care, normal
activities, pain or reconvert (Answer: discomfort) and anxiety or depression. Men shorter than about 5'4"
and women shorter than 5' reported the worst impressions. But small increases in height at the low end

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had much bigger effects on perception than the same increases among taller people. Other studies have
shown, ironically, that shorter people on average actually live longer.
(APEUni Website / App HIW #36)
There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at APEUni Website /
App to listen.

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Write From Dictation


Audio Available: There're audio records available for this question. Search by the question number at
APEUni Website / App to listen.

1. Contemporary critics dismissed his idea as eccentric. #936 (Audio Available)


2. Money laundering has become a major issue nowadays in most parts of the world. #748
(Audio Available)
3. The new articles for the study and the subject are collected. #2472 (Audio Available)
4. You are advised to submit all the dissertations. #2471 (Audio Available)
5. Points: ... have natural phenomena of the organization. #385 (Incomplete)
6. Kindness is very important nowadays. #2462 (Audio Available)
7. Students must wear protective clothing provided in the medical laboratory. #495 (Audio Available)
8. The timetable for next term will be available next week. #902 (Audio Available)
9. The student union hosts a variety of social events. #2469 (Audio Available)
10. Mixture is defined as the compound of chemically separate parts. #2468 (Audio Available)
11. Most of the lectures begin promptly, so do not be late. #1001 (Audio Available)
12. Currently the growth of the company is unpredictable. #528 (Audio Available)
13. Computer is a great source of knowledge for the students. #826 (Audio Available)
14. The timetable will be posted on the website in the morning. #371 (Audio Available)
15. All students do their homework at home. #534 (Audio Available)
16. Road safety measures can reduce accidents. #420 (Audio Available)
17. Tomorrow's lecture has been canceled due to the power cut. #309 (Audio Available)
18. I am glad that Professor Gordon just joined our faculty. #966 (Audio Available)
19. There is a fitness center next to the student union. #2465 (Audio Available)
20. Optional tutorials are offered in the final week of a term. #2463 (Audio Available)
21. The office opens on Monday and Thursday directly following the freshman seminar. #2459
(Audio Available)
22. Calcium's nutritional value enjoys growing popularity every year. #2458 (Audio Available)
23. Today we have a guest speaker who is visiting from Canada. #2454 (Audio Available)
24. It is a debate about the value of knowledge. #2452 (Audio Available)
25. You may not be allowed to read any books without the reading list. #2448 (Audio Available)
26. The residence hall is closed prior to the academic building closing time at the end of the semester.
#2444 (Audio Available)
27. They cannot put in everything: choices have to be made. #2443 (Audio Available)
28. The lecturer is here to visit us from Canada. #2441 (Audio Available)
29. Consumers are better informed today because of the Internet. #2440 (Audio Available)
30. Visual aids can be really helpful when you are revising. #2433 (Audio Available)
31. Points: It starts with educational value ... social and ... #171 (Incomplete)
32. We no longer respond to any postal reference requests. #2108 (Audio Available)
33. There is no ideal debate on this topic. #2012 (Audio Available)
34. While some people regard it as zeal, others regard it as recklessness. #889 (Audio Available)
35. Accountancy students need to submit their dissertations this week. #1995 (Audio Available)
36. The library is open only on Mondays and Fridays. #1992 (Audio Available)
37. I can't hand out my dissertation this week. #1974 (Audio Available)
38. One student representative will be selected from each class. #1970 (Audio Available)
39. Please note that the seminar has been cancelled now. #1962 (Audio Available)
40. The student service center is located on the main campus behind the library. #1861

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(Audio Available)
41. The university will seek a colossal renovation to the plain empty theater. #1727 (Audio Available)
42. Points: The essays consist of students from rural areas. #1103 (Incomplete)
43. The study of nutrition is a growing field. #589 (Audio Available)
44. The earth's atmosphere is primarily composed of oxygen and nitrogen gases. #373
(Audio Available)
45. Practical experience is a vital part of legal training. #217 (Audio Available)
46. The electric buses have an impact on air pollution. #131 (Audio Available)
47. This course mainly introduces statistics and data analysis. #130 (Audio Available)
48. Points: ... is very crucial for organization ... #28 (Incomplete)
49. Technology has changed the media we both used and studied. #48 (Audio Available)
50. The posters are on display at the larger lecture theater. #36 (Audio Available)
51. Graduates from this course generally find jobs in insurance industry. #5 (Audio Available)
52. Industries now bring more job opportunities than agriculture and fishing combined. #1465
(Audio Available)
53. Close the door behind you when you leave the room. #1413 (Audio Available)
54. University departments carefully monitor articles and other publications by faculty. #1385
(Audio Available)
55. Assignments should be submitted to the department office before the deadline. #1369
(Audio Available)
56. All industries consist of systems of inputs, processes, outputs and feedback. #1359
(Audio Available)
57. The closing date of application for travel scholarship is next Monday. #1346 (Audio Available)
58. The tutorial timetable can be found on the course website. #1326 (Audio Available)
59. Members should make concentrated contributions to associated operating funds. #1303
(Audio Available)
60. Plants are the living things that can grow in land or in water. #1297 (Audio Available)
61. Industry experts will discuss job opportunities in an automated workforce. #1280 (Audio Available)
62. There have been long streams of extreme weather since human history. #1265 (Audio Available)
63. Rivers provide habitats and migration pathways for numerous aquatic species. #1263
(Audio Available)
64. Mechanical engineering first became prominent during the Industrial Revolution. #1244
(Audio Available)
65. He wrote poetry and plays as well as scientific papers. #1238 (Audio Available)
66. The economic predictions turned out to be incorrect. #1231 (Audio Available)
67. Members can contribute to the association of operating firm. #1189 (Audio Available)
68. The deadline of this assignment is tomorrow. #1141 (Audio Available)
69. Many university lectures can now be viewed on the Internet. #1105 (Audio Available)
70. Nutrition plays a key role in athletic performance. #1101 (Audio Available)
71. When the roots of a plant failed, foliage suffers. #1092 (Audio Available)
72. A new collection of articles has just been published. #1081 (Audio Available)
73. Measures must be taken to prevent unemployment rate from increasing. #1072 (Audio Available)
74. Calculators allow us to add numbers without making mistakes. #1071 (Audio Available)
75. The disease that was serious has now been eradicated. #1069 (Audio Available)
76. Imported packages are likely to be used in many computers. #1062 (Audio Available)
77. Your ideas are sophisticated in seminars and tutorials. #1061 (Audio Available)
78. Linguistics is the scientific study and analysis of language. #1060 (Audio Available)
79. All of your assignments should be submitted by next Tuesday. #1057 (Audio Available)

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80. The history department is very active in research. #1055 (Audio Available)
81. The commissioner will apportion the funds among all the sovereignties. #1052 (Audio Available)
82. You will be tested via continuous assessment and examinations. #1045 (Audio Available)
83. Higher education providers treat plagiarism extremely seriously. #1043 (Audio Available)
84. Audition of the university choir will be on hold until the next week. #1039 (Audio Available)
85. Students must attend the safety course before entering the engineering workshop. #1035
(Audio Available)
86. The farmers need to adapt to the changes of the climate. #1034 (Audio Available)
87. The history course is assessed via three written assignments. #1028 (Audio Available)
88. Honey can be used as food and health product. #951 (Audio Available)
89. Farms need to adapt to the changes of climate. #948 (Audio Available)
90. The course involves pure and applied mathematics. #933 (Audio Available)
91. You will be tested via a quiz and a dissertation. #926 (Audio Available)
92. Academic libraries across the world are steadily incorporating social media. #904 (Audio Available)
93. Many diseases on the list have been eradicated. #886 (Audio Available)
94. Trees benefit the city by absorbing water running off-road. #878 (Audio Available)
95. Neuroscience is a compound of completely separate parts. #860 (Audio Available)
96. The year when the ship of artifacts was wrecked interested historians. #858 (Audio Available)
97. Americans have progressively defined the process of plant growth and reproductive development in
quantitative terms. #847 (Audio Available)
98. Speed is defined as how quickly an object or a person moves. #833 (Audio Available)
99. Tribes vied with each other to build up monolithic statues. #815 (Audio Available)
100. The stock market cracked and had repercussions throughout the world. #809 (Audio Available)
101. The castle was designed to intimidate both local people and the enemies. #806 (Audio Available)
102. International exchanges formed the important part of our study program. #799 (Audio Available)
103. Sugar is a compound which consists of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. #798 (Audio Available)
104. Journalism faces the crisis in the light of the digital revolution. #745 (Audio Available)
105. The student shop has a range of stationery. #738 (Audio Available)
106. We can all meet in the office after the lecture. #729 (Audio Available)
107. Late applications are not accepted under any circumstances. #1010 (Audio Available)
108. Students should leave their bags on the tables by the door. #1008 (Audio Available)
109. The collapse of the housing market has triggered recessions throughout the world. #1005
(Audio Available)
110. Momentum is defined as the combination of mass and velocity. #1004 (Audio Available)
111. The north campus car park could be closed on Sunday. #1000 (Audio Available)
112. Your ideas are discussed depending on your seminar or tutorial. #980 (Audio Available)
113. The bus to London will leave ten minutes later than expected. #978 (Audio Available)
114. Archeologists discovered tools and artifacts in ancient tombs. #974 (Audio Available)
115. We need to answer security questions if we want to reset the password. #965 (Audio Available)
116. Speak to your tutor if you need further assistance. #963 (Audio Available)
117. Salt is produced from the seawater or extracted from the ground. #996 (Audio Available)
118. The seminar provides an opportunity to exchange ideas with other students. #946
(Audio Available)
119. They developed a unique approach to training their employees. #941 (Audio Available)
120. Some people are motivated by competition, while others prefer to collaborate. #927
(Audio Available)
121. Americans have progressively found the growth in quantitative terms. #842 (Audio Available)
122. The new media has transcended the traditional national boundaries. #885 (Audio Available)

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123. We cannot consider an increase in price at this stage. #835 (Audio Available)
124. This paper challenged the previously accepted theories. #818 (Audio Available)
125. Law is beneficial to investors by protecting their rights and avoiding any improper actions in the
market. #803 (Audio Available)
126. I thought it was thrown in a small meeting room. #764 (Audio Available)
127. Students find true or false questions harder than short answers. #763 (Audio Available)
128. The history of the university is a long and interesting one. #735 (Audio Available)
129. The garden behind the university is open to the public in summer. #734 (Audio Available)
130. Make sure you choose a course that provides great career opportunities. #717 (Audio Available)
131. Astronauts are using light years to measure the distance in space. #712 (Audio Available)
132. Listening is the key to succeeding in this course. #710 (Audio Available)
133. Graduates of journalism can get a job in the communications field. #705 (Audio Available)
134. Strong liner is used to measure distance and baseline. #702 (Audio Available)
135. A laptop has been found at the biology lab. #697 (Audio Available)
136. A group meeting will be held tomorrow in the library conference room. #688 (Audio Available)
137. Tutors should set a clear goal at the start of the class. #673 (Audio Available)
138. Time and distance are used to calculate speed. #660 (Audio Available)
139. The poster of this play is hung in the large lecture theater. #651 (Audio Available)
140. Students who study overseas can significantly improve work chances. #641 (Audio Available)
141. Strangely, people are simultaneously impressed by and skeptical of statistics. #637
(Audio Available)
142. Research shows the exercising makes us feel better. #633 (Audio Available)
143. Protective clothing must always be worn in the laboratory. #631 (Audio Available)
144. Manufacturing now brings more people in than agriculture and fishing combined. #619
(Audio Available)
145. Economic development needs to be supported by the government. #603 (Audio Available)
146. As student union members, we can influence the change of the university. #604 (Audio Available)
147. Consumer confidence tends to increase as the economy expands. #599 (Audio Available)
148. You are able to contact a number of research subjects. #588 (Audio Available)
149. You need to hand in the essay next semester. #584 (Audio Available)
150. You must submit your assignments by next Friday at the latest. #583 (Audio Available)
151. More graduate training is often needed after the university study is finished. #239
(Audio Available)
152. We study science to understand and appreciate the world around us. #559 (Audio Available)
153. Water taps on the campus will discourage the frequent use of plastic bottles. #553
(Audio Available)
154. University fees are expected to increase next year. #551 (Audio Available)
155. Traffic is the main cause of air pollution in many cities. #539 (Audio Available)
156. This morning's lecture on economic policy has been canceled. #527 (Audio Available)
157. There is a welcome party for all new students each term. #508 (Audio Available)
158. There is a pharmacy on campus near the bookstore. #507 (Audio Available)
159. There are some doubts about whether these events actually occurred. #503 (Audio Available)
160. The ways in which people communicate are constantly changing. #496 (Audio Available)
161. The vocabulary that has peculiar meanings is called jargon. #494 (Audio Available)
162. The synopsis contains the most important information. #471 (Audio Available)
163. The railway makes long-distance travel possible for everyone. #446 (Audio Available)
164. The qualification will be assessed by using a conference criterion approach. #444
(Audio Available)

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165. The nation achieved prosperity by opening its ports for trade. #427 (Audio Available)
166. The most popular courses still have a few places left. #424 (Audio Available)
167. The lecture tomorrow will discuss the educational policy in the United States. #416
(Audio Available)
168. The introduction is an important component of a good presentation. #410 (Audio Available)
169. The first assignment is due on the fourteenth of September. #404 (Audio Available)
170. The faculty staff are very approachable, helpful and extremely friendly. #399 (Audio Available)
171. The exam system has been upgraded due to professional exams. #395 (Audio Available)
172. Timetables for the new term will be available next week. #482 (Audio Available)
173. The marketing budget has doubled since the beginning of the year. #419 (Audio Available)
174. The plight of wildlife has been ignored by local developers. #439 (Audio Available)
175. The other book isn't thorough but it's more insightful. #435 (Audio Available)
176. The dance department stages elaborated performances each semester. #375 (Audio Available)
177. The course helps students to improve their pronunciation skills. #370 (Audio Available)
178. The chemistry building is located near the entrance of the campus. #360 (Audio Available)
179. The author's early works are less philosophical and more experimental. #350 (Audio Available)
180. The artists tied with the conservative politicians earned the roles of critics. #346 (Audio Available)
181. The application process may take longer than expected. #332 (Audio Available)
182. The aerial photographs were promptly registered for thorough evaluation. #330 (Audio Available)
183. The ability to work with fellow students cannot be stressed enough. #328 (Audio Available)
184. Teaching assistants will receive a monthly stipend for housing. #324 (Audio Available)
185. Sydney is Australia's largest city, chief port and cultural center. #322 (Audio Available)
186. Students who attempted to go to the conference must register now. #315 (Audio Available)
187. Students were instructed to submit their assignments by Friday. #313 (Audio Available)
188. Students have the options to live in college residences or apartments. #308 (Audio Available)
189. Students are advised to use multiple methods for this project. #300 (Audio Available)
190. She began by giving an outline of the previous lecture. #284 (Audio Available)
191. Scientists are always asking the government for more money. #277 (Audio Available)
192. Scientific beneficiary to space exploration is frequently questioned. #276 (Audio Available)
193. Remember, the prestigious section has strict eligibility criteria. #267 (Audio Available)
194. Radio is a popular form of entertainment throughout the world. #258 (Audio Available)
195. The article considers the leisure habits of teenagers in rural areas. #335 (Audio Available)
196. Please note, submission deadlines are only negotiable in exceptional circumstances. #246
(Audio Available)
197. Peer group pressure has a great effect on young people. #236 (Audio Available)
198. Packaging is very important to attract the attention of a buyer. #231 (Audio Available)
199. Our professor is hosting the business development conference. #227 (Audio Available)
200. Observers waited nervously and bated their breath for the concert. #214 (Audio Available)
201. Most of the students have not considered this issue before. #198 (Audio Available)
202. Many birds migrate to warmer areas for the winter. #189 (Audio Available)
203. Library reference desks hold a lot of materials on academic history. #184 (Audio Available)
204. Important details from the argument are missing in the summary. #155 (Audio Available)
205. If you need additional help, please visit the university resources center. #153 (Audio Available)
206. If finance is a cause of concern, scholarships may be available. #150 (Audio Available)
207. I will come back to this in a moment. #147 (Audio Available)
208. I thought we would meet in the small meeting room. #146 (Audio Available)
209. He landed his job in a very prestigious law firm. #136 (Audio Available)
210. We have sophisticated ways to study in brain action. #558 (Audio Available)

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211. Some economists argue that the entire financial system is fatally flawed. #289 (Audio Available)
212. The theme of the instrumental work exhibits more of a demure, compositional style. #478
(Audio Available)
213. Lectures are the oldest and the most formal teaching method at university. #179 (Audio Available)
214. Students requiring an extension should apply sooner rather than later. #310 (Audio Available)
215. Student representatives will be visiting classes with voting forms. #299 (Audio Available)
216. Nurses can specialize in clinical work and management. #213 (Audio Available)
217. Education and training provide important skills for the labor force. #106 (Audio Available)
218. Doctoral writings have the structure in place as well as scientific papers. #100 (Audio Available)
219. Daily practice can build confidence and improve skills. #97 (Audio Available)
220. Convincing evidence to support this theory is hard to obtain. #94 (Audio Available)
221. Consumer confidence has a direct influence on sales. #92 (Audio Available)
222. Conferences ought to be always scheduled two weeks in advance. #91 (Audio Available)
223. Clinical placement in nursing prepares students for professional practice. #86 (Audio Available)
224. Climate change is now an acceptable phenomenon among a group of reputable scientists. #85
(Audio Available)
225. Before submitting your dissertation, your advisor must approve your application. #69
(Audio Available)
226. Before attending the lecture, you must register online or by post. #67 (Audio Available)
227. And in that regard, as well as in other regards, it stands as an important contribution. #58
(Audio Available)
228. Although sustainable development is not easy, it is an unavoidable responsibility. #51
(Audio Available)
229. All the educational reforms have been inadequately implemented. #49 (Audio Available)
230. All students are expected to attend ten lab sessions per semester. #46 (Audio Available)
231. All of the assignments must be submitted in person to the faculty office. #43 (Audio Available)
232. Agenda items should be submitted by the end of the day. #38 (Audio Available)
233. Affordable housing is an important issue for all members of society. #37 (Audio Available)
234. A person's educational level is closely related to his economic background. #29 (Audio Available)
235. A number of students have volunteer jobs. #27 (Audio Available)
236. A massive accumulation of data was converted to a communicable argument. #26
(Audio Available)
237. A good architectural structure should be usable, durable and beautiful. #22 (Audio Available)
238. A celebrated theory is still the source of great controversy. #20 (Audio Available)
239. The economic strength of early Roman Republic will be examined. #105 (Audio Available)
240. Every student has both the right and the ability to succeed. #115 (Audio Available)
241. All dissertations must be accompanied with a submission form. #40 (Audio Available)
242. Free campus tour runs daily during summer for prospective students. #16 (Audio Available)
243. The undergraduates need some specific sources to analyze a program. #9 (Audio Available)
244. Please confirm that you have received the textbook. #2 (Audio Available)

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