Iso 10972-2-2009-05
Iso 10972-2-2009-05
Iso 10972-2-2009-05
STANDARD 10972-2
First edition
2009-05-01
Reference number
ISO 10972-2:2009(E)
© ISO 2009
Not for Resale
ISO 10972-2:2009(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10972-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 6, Mobile cranes.
ISO 10972 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cranes — Requirements for mechanisms:
⎯ Part 1: General
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10972 establishes requirements specific to the mechanisms of mobile cranes, in addition to
the general requirements for cranes given in ISO 10972-1.
Rules for the proof of competence calculation regarding different limit states (yield strength, fatigue, wear) are
excluded from this part of ISO 10972.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4308-2, Cranes and lifting appliances — Selection of wire ropes — Part 2: Mobile cranes — Coefficient of
utilization
ISO 10245-2, Cranes — Limiting and indicating devices — Part 2: Mobile cranes
Limiting and indicating devices per the requirements of ISO 10245-1 and ISO 10245-2 shall be incorporated
as applicable. Also refer to ISO 4301-2 for winch classification.
The boom hoist may use a rope drum for its drive or hydraulic cylinder(s) and the supporting structure may be
a gantry or the same hydraulic cylinder(s) used to elevate the boom.
The boom hoist shall be capable of elevating and controlling the boom with its rated load (for wire rope boom
hoists, when reeved according to the manufacturer's specifications) and shall be capable of supporting the
boom and rated load without action by the operator.
In a wire rope supporting and elevating arrangement, boom lowering shall be done only under power control.
Free-fall lowering of the boom shall not be permitted.
The boom hoist drum shall have sufficient wire rope capacity so that the boom can be operated in all positions,
from the lowest permissible to the highest recommended, when using the manufacturer's recommended
reeving and wire rope size. When the wire rope is anchored to the drum with a wedge type anchor, no less
than three full wraps of wire rope shall remain on the drum, with the boom lowered to the level of the
supporting surface. When anchors consist only of set screws clamping the rope, no less than five full wraps
shall remain on the drum. The end of the wire rope shall be anchored to the drum by an arrangement
specified by the winch manufacturer.
The boom hoist drum(s) and sheaves shall have wire rope pitch diameters in accordance with ISO 8087.
On machines with wire rope supported booms, a braking mechanism and an additional holding device which
has a braking capability of at least one and one-half the maximum drive of the winch shall be provided to
prevent inadvertent lowering of the boom.
An integrally mounted holding device (such as a load check valve) shall be provided with boom support
hydraulic cylinder(s) to prevent uncontrolled lowering of the boom in the event of a hydraulic system failure
(e.g. supply hose rupture).
Where multiple hydraulic cylinders are used for the boom hoist, all cylinders shall be hydraulically connected.
The connection shall have a safety factor of at least four against the maximum pressure induced with rated
loads.
Where two cylinders need to be connected for synchronous movement, the connection shall be designed to
avoid sudden loss of pressure, the resulting drop of the boom and the possible subsequent overload of one of
the cylinders.
Limiting and indicating devices per the requirements of ISO 10245-1 and ISO 10245-2 shall be incorporated
as applicable. Also refer to ISO 4301-2 for winch classification.
The hoist mechanism may consist of a drum or hydraulic cylinder(s) with necessary wire rope reeving.
The load hoist mechanism shall have power and operational characteristics sufficient to perform all load lifting
and lowering functions required in crane service when operated under recommended conditions.
An integrally mounted holding device (such as a load check valve) shall be incorporated with load hoist
hydraulic cylinder(s) to prevent uncontrolled lowering of the load in the event of a hydraulic system failure (e.g.
supply hose rupture).
Where brakes and clutches are used to control the motion of the load hoist drums, they shall be of a size and
thermal capacity sufficient to control all rated crane loads with minimum recommended reeving. Where
maximum rated loads are being lowered with near maximum boom length, or operations involving long
lowering distances, power controlled lowering is recommended to reduce demand on the load brake. Brakes
and clutches shall be provided with adjustments where necessary to compensate for lining wear and to
maintain force in springs, where used. Free-fall lowering may be prohibited by national legislation.
Where free fall is provided and permitted, a means controllable from the operator's station shall be provided to
hold the drum and prevent it from rotating in the lowering direction and able to hold the rated load without
further action by the crane operator. A means of positive free-fall control shall be provided to ensure that
inadvertent disengagement of the lockout is not possible. Foot-operated brakes having a continuous
mechanical linkage between the actuating and braking means, capable of transmitting full braking force and
equipped with a positive mechanical means to hold the linkage in the applied position, meet this requirement.
Load hoist drums shall have wire rope capacity with the recommended wire rope size and reeving sufficient to
perform crane service within the range of boom lengths, operating radii and vertical lifts specified by the crane
manufacturer.
When the wire rope is anchored to the drum with a wedge type anchor, no less than three full wraps of wire
rope shall remain on the drum with the boom lowered to the level of the supporting surface. When anchors
consist of only set screws clamping the rope, no less than five full wraps shall remain on the drum. The end of
the wire rope shall be anchored to the drum by an arrangement specified by the winch manufacturer.
The drum flange shall extend a minimum of one to one-and-a-half times the wire rope diameter over the top
layer of the wire rope at all times when performing lifting operations.
The load hoist drum(s) and sheaves shall have wire rope pitch diameters in accordance with ISO 8087.
Drum rotation indicators should be provided and located to afford sensing by the operator.
When power-operated load hoist brakes having no continuous mechanical linkage between the actuating and
braking means are used for controlling loads, an automatic means shall be provided to set the brake to
prevent the load from falling in the event of loss of brake control power.
When foot-operated, load hoist brakes shall be constructed so that the operator's feet, when in the proper
position, will not slip off and a means shall be provided for holding the brakes in the applied position without
further action by the crane operator.
Power-controlled lowering systems shall be capable of handling rated loads and speeds as specified by the
manufacturer, such systems being recommended to assist in precision lowering and to reduce the demand on
the load brake.
Sheaves, if used in the mechanism, shall have pitch diameters in accordance with ISO 8087. Sheaves used in
boom telescoping mechanisms shall meet the requirements of ISO 10972-1, other than for the groove angle
and depth.
Access for inspection of telescoping wire ropes shall be provided, wire rope selection shall be according to
ISO 4308-2.
The powered retract function shall be capable of controlling any rated load which can be retracted.
An integrally mounted holding device (such as a load check valve) shall be provided with telescopic cylinder(s)
to prevent uncontrolled retraction of the boom in the event of a hydraulic system failure (e.g. supply hose
rupture).
The structural mounting support for the bearing shall be of adequate strength and stiffness, as well as flat and
smooth. The bearing shall also be adequately secured to take account of tension and shear (axial, radial and
tangential) forces.
The swing mechanism shall start and stop with controlled acceleration and deceleration.
A braking means with holding power in both directions shall be provided to restrict the movement of the
rotating superstructure, when desired during normal operation. The braking means shall be capable of being
applied in the holding position and remaining so without further action by the operator.
A swing locking pawl or other device, such as a boom support, shall be provided to prevent the boom and
superstructure from rotating when in transit or under out-of-service conditions. It shall be designed to prevent
inadvertent engagement or disengagement. It shall be capable of withstanding a torque moment of at least
25 % above that torque required for holding the acting torque derived from out of service wind loads combined
with any gradient inclination permitted by the manufacturer.
On all crane types with a single control station, the controls for the travel function shall be located at the
operator's station.
On all wheel-mounted multiple control station cranes, the travel controls shall be located in the carrier cabin.
Auxiliary travel controls may also be provided in the crane cabin. If there is an operator in the crane cabin
when the crane is travelling, appropriate means of communication (e.g. audible signals) shall be provided
between the cabins unless driving is not possible simultaneously from both control stations and one of the
control stations has priority over the other.
On crawler cranes, the travel and steering mechanism shall be arranged so that it is not possible for both
crawlers to freewheel without operator control.
For mobile cranes adapted for railway use, when the travel mechanism must be temporarily deactivated in the
normal course of the requirements of the user, provision shall be made to disengage the travel mechanism
from the cabin or outside the crane body.
On crawler cranes, brakes or other locking means shall be provided to hold the machine stationary during
working cycles on a level grade or while the machine is standing on the maximum gradient recommended for
travel. Such brakes or locks shall be arranged to remain in engagement in the event of loss of operating
pressure or power.
For mobile cranes adapted for railway use, brakes shall be provided to bring the crane to a stop while
descending the maximum gradient recommended for travel. In addition, manual brake engagement means
shall be provided to hold the machine stationary on the maximum grade recommended for travel. Such means
shall be arranged to remain in engagement in the event of loss of operating pressure or power.
On wheel-mounted cranes, means shall be provided to control completely the crane carrier travel when
descending maximum gradients specified by the manufacturer under maximum loading conditions. Brakes
shall be provided to bring the machine to a stop on level ground within a distance specified by national
legislation. Where long or steep gradients are to be negotiated, a retarder or similar device should be provided.
Means shall be provided to hold the machine stationary on the maximum grade for travel recommended by
the manufacturer. Where travel brakes are operated by air pressure, means shall be provided for manually or
automatically stopping the vehicle when the operating pressure falls below the specified minimum level.
8 Service brakes
Linings for service brakes in all of the above functions shall not contain asbestos. The properties and
coefficient of friction of the linings shall be suitable for their intended purpose during normal operation under
the effect of atmospheric conditions and temperature fluctuations.
Bibliography
[3] IEC 60204-32, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
ICS 53.020.20
Price based on 6 pages