Scientech 2704
Scientech 2704
Scientech 2704
Using 74121 IC
Scientech 2704
Product Tutorial
Ver 1.1
Scientech 2704
Table of Contents
1. Safety Instructions 3
2. Introduction 4
3. Features 5
4. Technical Specifications 6
5. Theory 6
· Experiment 1 11
Study of the Triggering of SCR using 74121 IC
6. Observation Table 13
7. Datasheet 14
8. Warranty 18
9. List of Accessories 18
10. List of other Trainers available from us are 18
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Scientech 2704
Safety Instructions
Read the following safety instructions carefully before operating the product.
To avoid any personal injury or damage to the product, or any products connected to
it;
Do not operate the instrument if you suspect any damage within.
The instrument should be serviced by qualified personnel only.
For your Safety:
Use proper Mains cord : Use only the mains cord designed for this product.
Ensure that the mains cord is suitable for your
country.
Ground the Instrument : This product is grounded through the protective earth
conductor of the mains cord. To avoid electric shock
the grounding conductor must be connected to the
earth ground. Before making connections to the input
terminals, ensure that the instrument is properly
grounded.
Observe Terminal Ratings : To avoid fire or shock hazards, observe all ratings and
marks on the instrument.
Use only the proper Fuse : Use the fuse type and rating specified for this product.
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Scientech 2704
Introduction
Scientech 2704 is a platform which is very useful for Student to understand the
thyristor triggering by using monostable multivibrator. 2704 is provided with in built
power supply, sockets for making interconnections in the circuit and exhaustive
learning material.
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Scientech 2704
Features
· In built Power Supply
· Easy to operate and understand
· Test points to observe output pulse
· Sockets to make different connections
· On board DC supply of +12 V and +5 V
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Scientech 2704
Technical Specifications
Circuit DC supply : +12 V, +5 V
On board firing circuits : IC 74121 triggering circuit
Interconnection : 2 mm socket
SCR : SCR TYN616, 600V, 16A
Fuse : 1A
Power Supply : 230 V ±10%, 50 Hz /60 Hz
Test points : 5 nos
Dimensions (mm) : W 420 x D 255 x H 100
Weight : 1 Kg. (approximately)
Operating Conditions : 0-400 C, 80% RH
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Scientech 2704
Theory
The pulse generation circuits are a combination of analog and digital circuits. They
may produce a continuous series of pulses (these are called astable multivibrators) or
a pulse of a specific duration (these are called monostable multivibrators). Monostable
circuits are widely used in industry for many different applications.
The normal mode of operation is to trigger the circuit into its quasistable state, where
it will remain for a predetermined length of time. The circuit will then switch back
(regenerate) into its stable state, where it will remain until it receives another input
trigger pulse. Since it has only one stable state, the circuit is characterized by the term
Monostable multivibrator, or simply Monostable’s.
The Standard logic symbol for a Monostable is shown in figure 1.1. The input is
labeled TRIGGER, and the output is Q. The input trigger circuit may be sensitive to
either a positive going or a negative going signal. Usually the output at Q is low when
the circuit is in its stable state. A typical set of waveform showing the proper
operation of a Monostable circuit is also shown in the figure 1.1.
Monostable Circuit
Figure 1.1
In this case the circuit is sensitive to a negative going trigger pulse and the circuit rest
in its stable state while the output is low. Once triggered the circuit goes into its quasi-
stable state and stay there for a predetermined time and return to stable state until
another trigger signal appear at the input.
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Scientech 2704
74121- Non-retriggerable Monoshot:
The 74121 is one of the most versatile and widely used monostable multivibrators.
The 74121 is capable of generating pulses as short as 30 nanoseconds in width. Figure
1.2 shown below is the pin diagram of the 74121.
The 74121 has three trigger inputs: A1, A2, and B. Depending on the circuit design,
any or all of these three pins may be connected to the input trigger signal. The "A"
inputs are active low and the "B" input is active high. The input logic circuit reads: If
A1 OR A2 goes low AND B goes high the one-shot will fire its pulse. Notice also
that pins 2, 8, 12, and 13 are not connected to anything inside the IC. Therefore, these
pins are labeled "NC" for "No Connection”. The time of the pulse is determined by an
external resistor and capacitor connected to REXT, and REXT/CEXT. The pulse width
(tw) is equal to 0.69 * REXT * CEXT. The 74121 is a non-retriggerable one-shot i.e. it
can not be retriggered while the 74121 is in its quasistable state.
Figure 1.2
The schematic diagram in following figure 1.3 shows how a 74121 may be wired.
Here we can use different combinations of A1, A2 and B to trigger the circuit. A logic
equation for the trigger input can be written as
T = (A1 + A2) BQ'
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Scientech 2704
Timing waveforms and the truth table given below illustrate valid trigger entries and
operation of 74121.
Waveform Waveform
Figure 1.3
Note that for T to be true (high), either A1 or A2 must be true – that is, either A1' or A2'
at the gate input must be low. Also, since Q' is low during the timing cycle (in
quasistable state), it is not possible for a transition to occur at T during this time. The
logic equation must be low if Q' is low. In other words, once monostable has been
triggered into its quasistable state, it must time out and switch back to its stable state
before it can be triggered again. This circuit is thus non-triggerable. The output pulse
width at Q is set according to the values of the timing resistor R and capacitor C as
T = 0.69 RC
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Scientech 2704
Astable operation using IC 74121:
The Monostable operation of IC 74121 can be converted into Astable operation using
suitable feedback path. Following figure shows one such technique. Here resistor R2,
R3 and capacitor C1 are used for this purpose and hence pin no. 5 receives repetitive
pulses to trigger 74121. Care must be taken in choosing the value of all the timing
components. The frequency of operation of the circuit shown on the PE 13 board is
chosen around 350 Hz.
SCR triggering using 74121:
PE -13 incorporates Astable assembly described above for SCR triggering purpose.
The output of this IC is given to the gate of SCR.
Figure 2
The output pulse from IC74121 is connected to the gate of SCR. By using a
potentiometer the gate current can be controlled and monitor the anode to cathode
current. It will show at which point the SCR is getting triggered.
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Scientech 2704
Experiment 1
Objective:
Study of the Triggering of SCR using 74121 IC
Apparatus required:
1. Power Electronics Board Scientech 2704
2. Multimeter
3. Oscilloscope-Scientech 803/831, or equivalent
4. 2 mm patch cords.
Circuit diagram:
The circuit diagram for Triggering of SCR using 74121 IC is shown in below figure 3.
Figure 3
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Scientech 2704
Procedure:
· Make sure that there should not be any connection by patch cord on the board.
1. Switch ‘On’ the ‘Power’ switch of Triggering of SCR using IC74121 board.
2. Check DC supply at point +12V and +5V with respect to ground one by one on
multimeter in DC mode.
3. Observe the output of IC74121 at test point ‘Tp1’with respect to ground.
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Scientech 2704
Observation Table:
Set VAK = above 11V or +12V
S. Gate current Anode to cathode Anode to cathode
No. IG (mA) current IAK (mA) voltage vAK (V)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
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Scientech 2704
Datasheets
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Scientech 2704
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Scientech 2704
Description
The TYN / TN16 SCR Series is suitable for general purpose applications.
Using clip assembly technology, they provide a superior performance in surge current
capabilities.
Absolute Ratings (limiting values)
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Scientech 2704
TN16 and TYNx16 Series
Electrical Characteristics (Tj = 25°C, unless otherwise specified)
Thermal Resistances
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Scientech 2704
Warranty
1. We guarantee this product against all manufacturing defects for 24 months from
the date of sale by us or through our dealers.
2. The guarantee will become void, if
a. The product is not operated as per the instruction given in the Learning
Material.
b. The agreed payment terms and other conditions of sale are not followed.
c. The customer resells the instrument to another party.
d. Any attempt is made to service and modify the instrument.
3. The non-working of the product is to be communicated to us immediately giving
full details of the complaints and defects noticed specifically mentioning the
type, serial number of the product and date of purchase etc.
4. The repair work will be carried out, provided the product is dispatched securely
packed and insured. The transportation charges shall be borne by the customer.
Hope you enjoy the Scientech Experience.
List of Accessories
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Scientech 2704
List of other Trainers available from us are:
Model Name
PE01 UJT Characteristics
PE02 MOSFET Characteristics
PE03 SCR Characteristics
PE04 TRIAC Characteristics
PE05 DIAC Characteristics
PE06 IGBT Characteristics
PE07 PUT Characteristics
PE10 SCR Triggering (R, RC Full wave, RC Half wave)
PE11 SCR Triggering (UJT)
PE12 SCR Triggering (IC555)
PE13 SCR Triggering (IC74121)
PE14 Ramp and Pedestal Triggering
PE15 SCR Triggering (IC741)
PE16 SCR Triggering (PUT)
PE21 Ramp Comparator Firing Circuit
PE22 Three Phase Firing Circuit
PE23 PWM Circuit
PE24 Cycloconverter Firing Circuit
PE25 Ramp Pedestal Firing Circuit
PE26 Cosine Firing Circuit
PE27 Microcontroller Based Firing Circuit
PE40 SCR Lamp Flasher
PE41 SCR Alarm Circuit
PE42 Series Inverter
PE43 UJT Relaxation Oscillator
PE44 Single Phase PWM Inverter
Scientech 2700 High Voltage Power Electronic Lab
Scientech 2701 IGBT Characteristics
Scientech 2702 SCR Triggering (R, RC Half wave, RC Full wave)
Scientech 2703 SCR Triggering Techniques
Scientech 2704 Triggering of SCR using 74121 IC
Scientech 2705 SCR Lamp Flasher
Scientech 2706 SCR Alarm Circuit
Scientech 2707 Series Inverter
Scientech 2708 Single Phase Controlled Rectifier (with Ramp Comparator Firing
Scheme)
Scientech 2709 Single Phase Controlled Rectifier (Cosine Firing Scheme)
Scientech 2710 Single Phase Converter Firing Techniques (by TCA 785IC and
Triangular Comparator)
Scientech 2711 Lamp Dimmer
Scientech 2712 Power Electronics Lab
Scientech 2713 Single Phase Cyclo-Converter
Scientech 2714 Speed Control of Universal Motor using SCR
Scientech 2715 Speed Control of AC Motor using TRIAC
Scientech 2716 Microcontroller Based Firing Circuit for Controlled Rectifier
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Scientech 2704
Scientech 2717 SCR Commutation Circuits
Scientech 2718 Bedford & Parallel Inverter
Scientech 2719 Step-Up Chopper
Scientech 2720 Single Phase Bridge Inverter
Scientech 2722 Step-Down Chopper
Scientech 2723 AC Chopper
Scientech 2724 Step-Down Chopper (MOSFET,IGBT, Transistor & SCR Based)
Scientech 2725 Step-Up Chopper (MOSFET, IGBT, Transistor & SCR Based)
Scientech 2726 Buck Converter
Scientech 2727 Boost Converter
Scientech 2728 Flyback Converter
Scientech 2729 Buck-Boost Converter
Scientech 2730 Forward Converter
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