Differe nt cultures around

the world have tried

to explai n what causes
1 __ _ _
look at the news sourc e. Then check true , false , or no inform
ation . earthq uakes. Here is one
ancien t legend from India:
o ~§
r--- - - - - - - - - - - : : .::7
: • Toe eart.h is held up by
.,,.-. four elephants that stand
Hu11 natural dlllller: ElrthQUlk8 on a turtle' s baclc. 1be
In lndlan Ocean causes 11unam1 turtle stands on top of a
snake. When any of these
t AFFECTEO COUNTRIES animal s move, the earth
moves and shalces.
t THE LATEST NUMBERS

t HOW CAN I HELP?

After yesterday's disaster, the search for survivor~
f MORE ABOUT EARTHQUAKES continues. Reports say the number of casualties 1s
increasing. There is a record amount of property
~ MORE ABOUT TSUNAMIS damage. Our website is your online center for
disaster news and information about relief efforts.
t OTHER RECORD OISASTERS

true false no infor matio n

1. The news source for this inform ation is the Intern et. o o □
2. The tsuna mi caused the earthquake. o o □
3. Three count ries were affected by this disaster. o o □
4. This is the worst tsuna mi ever. o □ □
5. The numb er of dead or injured is increasing. o o □
6. There was no prope rty damage. o o □

2 Complete the conversation. Use the words from the box.

blizzard breaking news casualties enormous prop erty dama ge

. There was a major _ _ _ _ _ _ __

George: Look at this _ _ _ _l._ _ _ _ from the north
2.
there last night. Almos t five feet of snow fell.

That much snow can be dange rous.

Christie: That's an - - - -3.- - - - amou nt of snow.

George: There was sorne 4. because of fallen trees. There were also sorne accidents
th -;=- ---- , just mino r inJ·uries.
because of slippe ry roads. Luckily, ere were no- ---- 5.

44
 1"
1
1

LESSON !
3 . illustrat·ion . Wh t d
Look at the
e h anges m pronoun s ·t a id each p erson say? Write
• necessary
. ----- sentences In indirect speech. Make
Buy a

Don't buy a
lot of expensive
things.

Lisa

l. Dave said to bvy a fas-t car

2. Michael said
3. Julie told him
4. Scott said
s. Lisa said
6. Justin told him
7. Tim told him

4 Rewrite each statement in indirect speech. Make changes in pronouns if necessary.

1. My mom told me, "Heather, go help your cousins."
My mom told me to 90 help my covfiflS'.
2. Tina said , "Don't make a mess in the kitchen!"

3. Sarah told Katie, "Eat all your vegetables."

4. Rebecca said, "Don't touch my stuffl"

th
S. Dad told the kids, "Put away your ings."

Natural Oisasters 45
 5 Look at the pict W . . h speech bubble.
Then rewrite th u~es. hat is each person saylng? Wrlte an lmperative in t e
e •mperatlve In lndlrect speech. ~ ,

[--
1. She told the cat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ 2. The dentist told the patient - - - - - -

[_] V
[E
'o

-=------
-- --.....·-- -·
3. She said _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4. Her dad said _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

6 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Complete each sentence in your own way. Use indirect imperatives.
1. When I was younger, people told m e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
2. Our teacher often tells us - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - -
3. Today someone said - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

LESSON

7 Complete each sentence with the correct word from the box.

drought flood hurricane landslide tornado

1. When there is a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , a lot of water covers an area where there

usually isn't water.
2 . A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ refers to a long time without rain.
3. When there is a , a lot of rocks and earth fall down a hill.
4 A is a storm with a lot of wind th
· . . at moves over water.
1s a storm in which the air .
5. A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - moves very qu1ckly in a circle.

48 UNIT5
 th phras e in each pair.
8 Com plete e conv ersat ion . Circle the correc t word or
Jonat han: 1 just ta lked to Gary Feldman on th e phon e.
Barb ara: Oh, what did he tell / say?
today. He told I said that he
Jona than : He said / to ld me don 't go / not to go to work n't.
has tried / had tried to go, but he can't / could
Barbara: Why? What happ ened ?
awful. The roads are covered in ice.
Jona than : He said / told that the storm is / was really
Barbara: Really ? 1 listen ed to the weat her report last
night, and they told / said it
isn't / wasn 't going to be too bad.

ging the verb tense in the indir ect spee ch

9 Chan ge each perso n's word s to indir ect speec h, chan
in pron ouns if necessary.
state ment . Use the verb s in paren these s. Make chan ges
1. Nick to Joshu a (said): "The re is a flood in the
valley."
Nick raid tJ..at tJ..ere lNar a flood ill tJie valle .

2. Brenda to Aaron (told): "Bad weat her was comi

ng our way."

car."
3. Ryan to Debb ie (told): uThere's a problem with the

4. Valerie to Daniel (said): urhe y called me late."

5. Kathy to Colle en (told): "l'm ready to go any time."

6. Paul to Doug (said): uEveryone got sick."

ges to the
• d" et speech to direct speech. Make necessary chan
10 Change each sent ence from '" ,re
tense and pron ouns .
g.
1. Ms. Jone s told us that the storm was going t~ be stron
. "The rtorm ir 9oin9 to be rtron9. .
Ms. Jones.
1on.
2. Alexa said that the blizz ard was comi ng in our direct
"bl
Alexa:
h er .m the islands had been tem e.
3. Mr. Kirk said that the weat

Mr. Kírk:
5
. 1 a flood covere
4. The radio anno unce r _ª_'d_t_hª__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The radío anno unce r: .
d th oads
er
__
.
-:-~~~==-----------
h d dama ged a lot of houses.
that the hum cane a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
5. How ard Dent on t."o~ld~m_e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
How ard Dent on: -

Natural Disasters 47
 11 R · h Correct form of
ewrite each conversatlon . Use lndlrect specch to tell what each person sa1'd . Use t e
say or WI. Change pronouns and verb tenses lf nece uary.
1. linda: Terri and I are going to the rnall later.
Stacy: 1 want to go with youl
Li"da told 5tacy that fhe ª"d Terri were goi" g to tJie mall later.
5tacy raid that fhe wa"ted to 90 with tJiem.
2. Chris: 1 just got back frorn Machu Picchu in Peru.
Theresa: Show me the picturesl

3. Little girl: Tell me the story about the princess.

Father: You've already heard that story a thousand times!

4. Joey: 1 got the fruits and vegetables ata farmer's market.

Brooke: They're very fresh and delicious.

LESSON

12 Read the article Earthquakes on page 56 in the Student's Book again. Check the statements that
5) > are true. Correct the false statements.
~ D 1. The most catastrophic earthquake recorded was in Sumatra.
D 2. Severe earthquakes cause casualties, damage to property, and serious economic consequences.
O 3. The tsunami in 2004 was caused by an earthquake.
D 4. Earthquakes with a magnitude of over 6 on the Richter Scale are generally moderate.
□ s. Location can determine the severity of an earthquake just as much as magnitude.
O 6. Older-style buildings are safer than modern buildings.
O 7. Earthquakes that happen when people are outdoors usually have a higher death toll.

13 Rate the following adjectives from 1 to 5, 1 being the worst.

_ _ severe
Did you know? l
_ _ mild

_ _ deadly • ~our out of ttv_e_ of the world's earthquakes take place along the
nm of the Pac1f1c Ocean, a zone callad the Pacific Ring of Fire.
_ _ catastrophic
• Most earthquakes last a minute ar less.
_ _ moderate
• Each year, there are about a million earthquakes around the
world. Only about 100 of these cause serious damage.

48 UNIT 5
 h uest ion.
14 Read an artic le abou t sto . matio n for eac q
rm chas ing. Then chec k tn.i~. faJ.le , or 110 infor

STORM CHASERS
Toma does · Hurric a nes. E norrnous storms . Jusi · ~
.
readt ng these words make s peopl e imagi ne
'-
catas troph tc events that can cause countless injuries
and sever e dama ges · No one Ioo ks forward to
weath er repor ts or break ing news that announce
these natur al disas ters. No one, except a small group
of abou t 100 peopl e know n as "storm chasers."
Who are th ese people, and what do they do?
A storm chase r is a perso n who tries to get as clo~e
rs
to a s~ver ~ storm as possi ble. A few storm chase
more about storm s
are sc1ent1sts who want to learn
and how they devel op. They want to be able to learn
Storm chasers study weather data and look close ly
more so that some day they can better predict when s
at the sky to guess the timing and location of storm
and wher e storm s will occur. With more information, be there when a torna do
as they form. They hope to
they could help peop le avoid the catas troph ic
forms and to follow it as it touches ground. lf they are
destr uction and high casua lties that often happen
lucky, they will catch a tornado at least once in every
when huge storm s hit. Other s are professional
five to ten trips.
photo graph ers, movie make rs, or TV reporters.
Sorne are tour guide s who take peopl e close to the In 1996, the thriller Twister introduced storm
cente r of a storm as part of an adven ture vacation. chasing to moviegoers. Since then, a lot of peopl e
Most are just peop le who are fascinated by nature have been fascinated by the topic. There have been
and chas e storm s as a hobby. TV shows, documentaries, and hundr eds of books
written about this exciting "spor e
Storm chase rs travel thous ands of miles
a week in cars loade d with laptops, cameras, But storm chasing is not for everyone. lt is a
video s, emer genc y suppl ies, and a lot of scientific dangerous hobby. Roads are often wet and dangerous
equip ment . The most famo us storm chases occur
in to drive; severe floods can wash away cars; hailstorms
the sprin gtime in an area called Toma do Alley. lt is can cause injuries and damage to cars; and lightning
rs
h storms can cause casualties. So why do storm chase
in the Grea t Plain s state s of the United State s-suc
do it? They say that it is amazingly fun, exciting, and
as Nebraska, Oklah oma, lowa, and Texa s-wh ere
always enormously beautiful.
sever e storm s and torna does frequently happen.

true false no infor mati on

1. Storm chase
rs look for oppo rtuni ties to study and □
□ □
phot ogra ph huge storms.
□ □ o
Ther e are a lot of wom en storm chasers.
2.
peop le who are storm chasers. □ □ □
3. Ther e are over 1,000 □ □ □
Storm chase rs look forward to tornadoes. □
4.
k xactly when a tornado will hit a· town. □ □
5. Storm chase rs now e □ □ □
Ther e are TV show s abou t storm chasing . . □ □
6. □
. . th best movie abou t storm chasing.
7. Tw1ster 1s e □ □ □
8. Storm chasi ng is easy.

Natural Dlsasters 49
 15 Read the article ·
aga,n. Answer the quest·1ons.
1 Wh
. y do people become storm chasers?
_ w_i_ll hit? - - - - -- - · - - - - - - - - - -
2. How do storm chasers predict when a st-o-rm

3. What is Tornado Alley? - - -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_·____ _ _ _

_ __
4 · When do storms usually occur?
S. Why is storm chasing dangerous? _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _
__

. . d? Describe what's
16 L00 k at the p1cture. Write about the disaster. What do you thmk happene ·
happeni ng now.

LESSON

17 Put a check next to the words that are example s of emergen cy preparat ions and supplies .
O tornado O flood O shelter
O first-aid kit D power outage O bottled water
O evacuation D flashlight O earthquake
□ non-perishable tood O battery-operated radio O other: ----- --..:. ...

50 UNIT5
 0 f the word that is
broa dcas t. Write the letter
18 Read th e st atem ents frorn an emer g e ncy radio
of the word s .
desc ribed in each sente nce . You wlll not use all
1 · ''A II res ident s mmt lf'ilVe th f' ír home s irnm edíat ely." a. shelt er
__h._
b. matc hes
2. :'The :-.itu,1 ti on i\ dan~wrous, iH)tl rc.sld ent s
mm t res p ond
1mm cdl,1t ely." c . non -peri shab le food
four hour s now." d. first- aid kit
3. "The cit y hr1s bef'n wíth oul elec t.ri cíly far
e. powe r outa ge
4 - "Beds have bcen set up at local schoo ls until peop le can
retur n to th eir home s." f. batte ries
cann ed g. eme rgen cy
5. "Buy iterns that will lasta long time, such as
beans and tuna fish, ín case of emer genc y." h. evac uatio n
were d i. flash light
6. "lf the lights go out, you'I I need a batte ry-po
sourc e of light ." j. bottl ed wate r
7• "P repa re a small set of medi catio ns and supp lies
to treat injur ies."

men ts that the broc hure reco mme nds.

19 Read the follo wing broc hure . Then chec k the state

The best way to deal with an , Teach responsible family members

emergency Is to prepare for it how and when to shut off water,
before it happens. You can do this gas, and electricity sources in the
by making a family emergency plan. house.
Here are sorne tips on how to , Learn basic first aid.
The thing about prepare one: • Decide what you will take and
emergencies and disasters • Put a list of emergency phone where you will go if you have to
is that there usually isn't a numbers, includlng the police, fire, evacuate.
lot of time to prepare for and emergency medica! • Decide what to do if your family
them. An emergency can
departments, near every phone. is separated. Choose a place to
strike any place at any
time. Is your family Review wíth children how to call meet in case you can't retum to
pre pared? these numbers. your home. Pick a friend or family
member who lives out of the area
• Make an emergency supplies kit.
This should include non-perishable to stay in contact with.
food, bottled water, flashlights, • Regularly review and practice
matches, batteríes, blankets, your plans.
a battery-operated radio, a first-aid
kit, etc.

(1( Have a plan in case there is an emergency or disaster.

O Write dow n emergency telephone numbers.
cy.
O Gather toge ther sorne things you migh t need in an emergen
and electricity.
O Show youn g children how to turn on and off the water, gas,
O Know how to use the items in a first-aid kit.
O Decide whe n to evacuate.
ther.
O Find a place for everyone in your family to go if you aren't toge
O Practice your plans one time.
Natural Disasters s1
 20 Complete the indir t b chure.
ec speech statements wlth information trom th e ro .
1. The brochure says to prepare for an emergency before ,t happens.
2. The brochure tells people - - - - -- - - - -- - - - -- a family emergency plan.
3. The brochure says - -- - - -- - - - -- -- - - with children how to call emergency
phone numbers.
4. The brochure says _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ where you'II go if you have to evacuate.
S. The bruchure tells you a place to meet if you can't go home.

21 WHA! ABOUT YOU? Are you prepared for an emergency? Which of the following supplies do you
have m your home?
D bottled water D non-perishable food
O battery-operated radio
D candles D matches O other: - - - - - - - -
D flashlights D first-aid kit O other: - - - - - - - -
D extra batteries D tire extinguisher

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A Read each sentence. lf the punctuation is correct, write C. lf the punctuation is incorrect, write 1and
correct the punctuation.
1. Mom said, "~on't go in the water." _I_
2. The child said please read me a story. _ _
3. 1said not to touch anything. _ _
4. We told the dog to stay. _ _
S. The travel guide tells visitors try to take a tour of the island. _ _
6. The woman told her son don't play with your food. _ _

B Change each statement from indirect speech to direct speech. Use correct punctuation.
1. The teacher told us to have a good weekend.

The teacher told us - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2. Tammy told her assistant to put the mail on the desk.
Tammy told her assistant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3. The waiter said to try the salmon.
The waiter said - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4. The actor said not to believe everything on television.
The actor said - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
5. Mom said not to come home too late.
Mom s a i d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

52 UNIT5
C Write each direct speech statement in indirect speech. Change the tense only if necessary.
1 Mom just told me "I d "
· , nee to get sorne emergency supplies before the storm.

2. Sarah said, "We bought a new car last year."

3. Our teacher told us yesterday, "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."

4. His doctor told him, "You need to exercise more."

5. Last month my parents told me, "We're going to Peru in December."

D Look at the p1ctures. Complete the speech bubbles. Then comp 1et e eac h sentence in indirect
•
speech. Change the verb in indirect speech only if necessary.
1.
2.

1 J,aye a terrible
J,eadacJ,e

Jodi just said - .Ltht!,;O!:!_tLS"~h!.!e::....!J,~a~s-~a~t.!...!e:....:.r~ri=b..:....:Ie;___ Yesterday, the doctor said - - - - - -

headache

3. 4.

He _ _ _ _ __

The coach said - - - - - - - - -

Kimmy told her mother

Natural Disasters 53
 WRITING BOOSTER

A Read the paragra h b I ·mportance of the

Of 1
det ·1 • P e ow. Add words and expressions to show the order
a, s m the paragraph.
lt · · k w·ng
1 what to
IS very important to know what to do In the case of a tire. Fires can be deadly, so no
do in a tire can save your lite. - - - - - - - - look around and locate the nearest escape route,
usually the nearest door. 1. if the door is closed check it for heat before you open it.
2. , .
lf the door is hot, do not open it. Escape through a window instead. lf the door is not hot, open it slowly
to check whether smoke or tire will block your way out. -----=,------, close the door behind
3
· 1 d
you when you leave that room. This can help prevent the tire from spreading to other P aces an rooms.
-------,,-----. drop down and crawl towards the exit. lt is important not to run or walk as smoke
4.
and heat rise. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ once outside call the emergency number to alert firefighters to the
5. , ,
tire. Sit down and try to stay calm until the firefighters arrive. Never go back into the house.

B Read the statements about what to do in an earthquake. Organize the statements in order
of importance.
Check for injuries and damage. See if you can find your way out.
Drop to the ground. lf you're standing up, you could fall and hurt yourself.
Look for a table or another piece of furniture and take cover. This will help protect you from
breaking glass or things that fall. Do not move from that place until the shaking stops.
When the shaking stops, move slowly away from where you are. Be careful not to trip over
fallen objects.

C Use the statements in Exercise B to write a short paragraph about what to do in an earthquake. Use
words and expression of importance. Begin with a topic sentence. Add more information if necessary.

54 UNIT5