Algebra Notes

ALGEBRA – OUTCOME PR.
Solve problems of the form:

 ax=b
 ax +b=c
 ax=b+cx
 ax=b+cx
 a ( x +b )=c
 ax +b=cx + d
 a ( bx +c ) =d ( ex+ f )
a
 x =b , x ≠ 0
where a . b . c .d . e . amd f are rational numbers
Inverse operations: “undo” or reverse each result.

Recall: Addition and subtraction are inverse operations
Multiplication and division are inverse operations
Ex. 1: x +2.4=6.5
Writing then solving one-step equations:
a) Three times a number is -3.6

b) A number divided by 4 is 1.5
Writing the Equation:

Algebraic Solution:
Solving two-step equations
Solve, then verify each equation.
r
a) 4.5 d−3.2=−18.5 b) 4
+3=7.2
9x
c) 2
−6=21
Using an equation to model and solve a problem
A rectangle has length 3.7 cm and perimeter 13.2 cm

a) Write an equation that can be used to determine the width of the rectangle
b) Solve the equation
c) Verify the solution
Using an equation to solve a percent problem
Seven percent of a number is 56.7

a) Write, then solve an equation to determine the number
b) Check the solution
Solving equations with variables on both sides
Ex. 1 5 x−8 x=x +8
Ex. 2 21 y=−205+75+ 47 y
Solving equations with brackets (distributive property)

Ex. 1 2 ( x−3 )−5=13−4 x First expand to remove the brackets – simplify
Collect any like terms on either side of the equal sign
Move variables to the left and constants to the right
Ex. 2 8−3 x=4 ( x−3 ) +6
Ex. 3 3 ( 2 x +1 ) −( x−2 )=2(3 x + 4)

Solving equations with fractions
To eliminate fractions, multiply each term

x 1 by the lowest common denominator. You
Ex. 1 =
4 6
LCD = ?
must do the same operation to each term
in the equation regardless of which side it
is on!
The division bar in a fraction is a

grouping symbol. It acts like a
bracket….so complete all operations
in the numerator and denominator
before dividing.
x 3x 1
Ex. 2: − = −x LCD =
3 2 6
2n+ 10 n
Ex. 3 4
− =1
3
LCD = 12
Check:
x−2 x +1
Ex. 4 + =4 Multiply by LCD =
3 2
Check:
Solving Equations with Rational Coefficients
122 2a 4a
a) r
=3 ,r ≠ 0 b) 3
= +7
5
Solving Inequalities
Symbol Meaning
x >30 x is greater than 30
x ≥ 30 x is greater than∨equal ¿ 30
x <30 x is less than 30
x ≤ 30 x is less than∨equal ¿ 30
Writing an inequality to describe a situation
Define a variable and write an inequality to describe the following situations:
a) Contest entrants must be at least 18 years old.

b) The temperature has been below −5 ℃for the last week.
c) You must have 7 items or less to use the express checkout line at a grocery store.
d) Scientists have identified over 400 species of dinosaurs.
Solutions:
Graphing inequalities on a number line
Graph each inequality on a number line.
25
a) t >−5 b) −2 ≥ x c) 0.5 ≤ x d) p←
3
a) t >−5
b) −2 ≥ x
c) 0.5 ≤ x
25 −25
d) p←
3
note: 3 =(Mixed Fraction)
Solving linear equations by using addition & subtraction
h+3< 5
h+3−3<5−3
h< 2
Therefore, any number less than 2 will satisfy the equation. Choose a number less than 2
and verify:
Let h=1
1+3<5
4 <5
a) Solve the inequality: 6.2 ≤ x−4.5 b) Verify c) Graph
b) Choose a number greater than or equal to 10.7 (really should verify with a number of
values greater than or equal to 10.7) and another number less than 10.7:
c) 6.2 ≤ x−4.5
10.7 ≤ x
It is impossible to check all of the solutions of an inequality. We select a couple of possible

answers to verify and perhaps, one that shouldn’t work.
So, when solving inequalities by addition or subtraction we simply solve according algebra
practises.
Solving inequalities using multiplication and division
Multiplication Division
12>6 12>6
12 (−3 ) 6(−3) 12 ÷ (−3 ) 6 ÷ (−3)
12 (−2 ) 6 (−2) 12 ÷ (−2 ) 6 ÷(−2)
12 (−1 ) 6 (−1) 12 ÷ (−1 ) 6 ÷(−1)
12 ( 1 ) 6 (1) 12 ÷ ( 1 ) 6 ÷(1)
12 ( 2 ) 6 (2) 12 ÷ ( 2 ) 6 ÷(2)
12 ( 3 ) 6(3) 12 ÷ ( 3 ) 6 ÷(3)
Simplify each expression in the pattern.

Place ¿∨¿ between the left and right side to make the statement true.
When did the inequality sign stay the same?
When did the inequality sign change?
MATH RULES!!
Properties of inequalities:
 When each side of an inequality is multiplied or divided by the same positive

number, the resulting inequality is still true.
 When each side of an inequality is multiplied or dividied by the same negative

number, the inequality sign must be reversed for the inequality to remain true.
Solve and graph the following inequalities:
y k
a) −5 s ≤25 b) 7 a ←21 c) −4
>−3 d) 3
≥−2
Solutions
a) −5 s ≤25
b) 7 a ←21
y
c) −4
>−3
k
d) 3
≥−2
Try: −2.6 a+ 14.6>−5.2+1.8 a

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ALGEBRA – OUTCOME PR.

Solve problems of the form:

Inverse operations: “undo” or reverse each result.

Writing then solving one-step equations:

a) Three times a number is -3.6

Writing the Equation:

Solve, then verify each equation.

A rectangle has length 3.7 cm and perimeter 13.2 cm

Using an equation to solve a percent problem

Seven percent of a number is 56.7

Ex. 1 5 x−8 x=x +8

Solving equations with brackets (distributive property)

Collect any like terms on either side of the equal sign

Move variables to the left and constants to the right

Ex. 2 8−3 x=4 ( x−3 ) +6

Ex. 3 3 ( 2 x +1 ) −( x−2 )=2(3 x + 4)

To eliminate fractions, multiply each term

The division bar in a fraction is a

Writing an inequality to describe a situation

Define a variable and write an inequality to describe the following situations:

a) Contest entrants must be at least 18 years old.

Graph each inequality on a number line.

a) Solve the inequality: 6.2 ≤ x−4.5 b) Verify c) Graph

It is impossible to check all of the solutions of an inequality. We select a couple of possible

Simplify each expression in the pattern.

 When each side of an inequality is multiplied or divided by the same positive

 When each side of an inequality is multiplied or dividied by the same negative

Try: −2.6 a+ 14.6>−5.2+1.8 a

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