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8.11.7 The parking brake or parking brake device control shall be located convenient to the operator.

8.11.8 When a hand operated clutch control is provided, it shall be moved toward the operator (generally
rearward) for disengagement.

8.11.9 Clutch pedal, if used, shall disengage the clutch by forward and/or downward motion, and shall be located
for left-foot operation.

8.11.10 When a combination clutch and service brake pedal is used, the initial forward and/or downward
movement shall disengage the clutch and the final forward and/or downward movement shall apply the service
brakes.

8.11.11 Accelerator, if foot operated, shall increase speed by downward motion of a pedal located for right-foot
operation.

8.11.12 When the direction of an engine speed hand control is in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
RTFL truck, the direction of motion shall be generally forward or upward to increase engine speed.

8.11.13 When a combination pedal controls both acceleration and service brakes, forward and/or downward
motion of the brake portion shall apply the service brakes. The combination pedal shall be located for right-foot
operation.

8.11.14 The engine starting mechanism shall not be operable if the operation will produce rotation of the drive
wheels.

8.11.15 When a hand operated forward-reverse directional control lever (nonvariable speed) is provided, it shall
be moved forward for forward vehicle motion, and be moved rearward for rearward vehicle motion. If a neutral
position is provided, provisions shall be made to locate and maintain the control in its neutral position.

8.11.16 When a hand operated variable-speed control is provided, it shall be moved generally forward or upward
to increase speed.

8.11.17 When a hand operated combination direction and variable-speed ratio control lever is provided, it shall
be moved forward or away from the operator from the neutral position for forward travel and increasing forward
speed. It shall be moved generally rearward or toward the operator from the neutral position for rearward travel
and increasing rearward speed. Provision shall be made for secondary motion when passing through neutral. A
positive neutral position shall be provided.

8.11.18 When foot operated directional and variable-speed control(s) is provided, forward and/or downward
motion on the outer or rear element of the control(s) should produce reverse direction, and forward and/or downward
motion on the inner or forward element of the control(s) should produce forward direction. Forward and/or
downward motion of either element shall increase speed. All direction and variable-speed control(s) shall be clearly
and permanently identified to indicate their function. A positive neutral position or control shall be provided.

8.12 Steering Controls

8.12.1 RTFL trucks employing a steering wheel with the operator facing the load shall steer as follows.
Clockwise rotation of the handwheel shall steer the truck to the operator’s right.

8.12.2 Skid steer RTFL trucks employing dual lever steering controls shall steer as follows. Rearward or upward
motion of the right-hand control and/or forward or downward motion of the left-hand control shall turn the truck
clockwise.

8.12.3 All steering controls shall be confined within the plan view outline of the RTFL truck.

8.12.4 Where steering can be accomplished with either hand and the steering mechanism is of a type (power
steering or equivalent) that prevents road reactions from causing the handwheel to spin, steering knobs may be

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used. When used, steering knobs shall be of a type that can be engaged by the operator’s hand from the top and
shall be within the periphery of the steering handwheel.

8.13 Tilt Mechanism

To maintain stability with lifting mechanism elevated, titling should be controllable, smooth, and at reasonable
speed.

8.14 Forks

8.14.1 Forks shall be designed to avoid unintentional unhooking and/or excessive lateral movement.

8.14.2 Each fork shall be clearly stamped with its individual load rating in an area readily visible and not subject
to wear; for example, 1500 x 24, meaning 1500 lb load rating at 24 in. load center, or 2000 x 600, meaning 2000
kg load rating at 600 mm load center.

8.14.3 Fork strength shall permit the following loading and method of test.

(a) The test load F shall correspond to three times the load rating of the fork arm and shall be applied to it at
the applicable distance D from the front face of the fork arm shank. See Fig. 7.
(b) The fork arm shall be restrained in a manner identical to that used on the RTFL truck.
(c) The test load shall be applied twice, gradually and without shock, and maintained for 30 sec each time.
(d) The fork arm shall be checked before and after the second application of the test load. It shall not show
any permanent deformation.

FIG. 7 TYPICAL FORK

8.14.4 These tests are intended to be applied to prototype forks but may also be applied to production forks on
a selective basis, as required by the user or manufacturer.

8.15 Protective Structures

RTFL trucks fitted with a side mounted operator’s compartment shall be equipped with rollover protective
structures (ROPS) that comply with the requirements of ISO 3471:2008 as applicable to wheel loaders.

8.16 Overhead Guards

8.16.1 RTFL trucks shall be fitted with an overhead guard.

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8.16.2 Design Requirements

(a) The overhead guard and its mounting shall be capable of withstanding the impact of a 100 lb (45 kg)
hardwood covered cube (or equivalent) under the conditions specified in para. 8.16.3(b).
(b) The overhead guard and its mounting shall be capable of withstanding an impact test as specified in Table
3. Details of conducting the test and measuring the deformation are covered in para. 8.16.3(c).
(c) Openings in the top of the overhead guard shall not exceed 6 in. (150 mm) in one of the two dimensions,
width or length.
(21) (d) The overhead guard shall be large enough to extend over the operator when in the normal operating
position during RTFL truck operation. It shall not extend beyond the plan view outline of the truck.
(21) (e) For sit-down rider RTFL trucks, a vertical clearance of at least 39 in. (990 mm) should be maintained from
the point of maximum depression of the seat under the operator to the underside of the section of the guard under
which the operator’s head is located in the normal position during the truck operation.
(f) When requested by the user, the manufacturer may reduce the normal overhead guard height and the
vertical clearance for the operator’s head under the guard to permit RTFL truck operation by the user with a guard
in areas where overhead obstructions limit the overall lowered height of the truck.

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TABLE 3
OVERHEAD GUARD IMPACT
TEST LOAD

RTFL Truck Rated Capacity Impact Test Minimum

at a Load x Weight of
600 mm Load Center Drop Test Load,
Distance, kg
Joules (J)
1 360 kg and under 5 400 340
1 361 kg to 2 270 kg 10 800 680
2 271 kg to 3 630 kg 21 760 1 360
3 631 kg to 6 350 kg 32 640 1 360
6 351 kg to 11 300 kg 43 520 1 360
11 301 kg and over 48 960 1 360
at a 24 in. Load Center ft-lb1 lb
3,000 lb and under 4,000 750
3,001 lb to 5,000 lb 8,000 1,500
5,001 lb to 8,000 lb 16,000 3,000
8,001 lb to 14,000 lb 24,000 3,000
14,001 lb to 25,000 lb 32,000 3,000
25,001 lb and over 36,000 3,000
NOTE:
(1) Ratings reflect industry practice, not direct conversions.

Details of conducting the test and measuring the deformation are covered in para. 8.16.3 (c)

FIG. 8 OVERHEAD GUARD CUBE DROP DEFORMATION LIMIT

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FIG. 9 OVERHEAD GUARD IMPACT TEST METHOD

FIG. 10 OVERHEAD GUARD IMPACT DEFORMATION LIMIT

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8.16.3 Test Procedures

(a) General
(1) Test shall be conducted with the overhead guard in place on a RTFL truck for which it is designed, or a
simulated mounting may be used.
(2) If the 100 lb (45 kg) hardwood covered cube (or equivalent) drop test is conducted first, the same overhead
guard and mounting can be used to conduct the impact drop test.
(b) Cube Drop Test – 100 lb (45 kg)
(1) The 100 lb (45 kg) test cube shall be covered with hardwood (or equivalent) and measure approximately
1 ft (300 mm) on a side.
(2) The test cube shall be dropped in free-fall vertically at random on the overhead guard, and the center of
the cube shall strike within a 24 in. (600 mm) diameter circle centered above the operator’s seat.
(3) The test cube shall be positioned to drop in free-fall with a flat surface approximately parallel to the top of
the overhead guard, and not strike on a corner or edge of the cube.
(4) The test cube shall be dropped as described, a distance of 5 ft (1500 mm) ten times, without fracture (no
parts separation; however, evidence of minor cracks is permissible) and without permanent deformation exceeding
0.75 in. (18 mm) based on the original head clearance provided by the guard (see Fig. 8).
(c) Impact Drop Test
(1) The test load shall be composed of 2 x 4 normal construction grade lumber 12 ft (3.6 m) long and not to
exceed 40 in. (1000 mm) in width. The 2 x 4s should be placed with the 4 in. (100 mm) nominal dimension of the
cross section horizontal. The lumber shall be bound together with at least three metal bands, one approximately in
the center, and the others not further than 3 ft (0.9 m) from each end (see Fig. 9). A test load of different dimensions
and/or materials may be used, provided it results in a test not less severe than that described.
(2) The test load shall be dropped in free-fall from an approximate horizontal position and from a height to
develop the required impact in ft-lb (J), specified in Table 3.
(3) The test load shall be centered above the overhead guard with the 12 ft (3600 mm) length at right angles
to the longitudinal centerline of the RTFL truck, the 40 in. (1000 mm) dimension flat, and shall strike the guard in
this position (see Fig. 9).
(4) The permanent deformation of the overhead guard and its mounting after impact shall be measured
between a horizontal plane tangent to the underside of the guard at the operator’s position and a horizontal plane
tangent to the upper surface of the steering wheel. There shall be not less than 10 in. (250 mm) between the planes
(see Fig. 10).

8.17 Load Backrest Extension

Load backrest extension, if provided, should have height, width, and size of openings not to exceed 6 in. (150
mm) in one of the two dimensions, to minimize the possibility of the load falling toward the operator.

8.18 Guards for Wheels

Guards or other means shall be provided to protect the operator, in the normal operating position, from particles
thrown by the tires or wheels.

8.19 Guards for Moving Parts

The operator, in the normal operating position, shall be protected from moving parts that represent a hazard.

8.20 Overtravel Limits

Provision shall be made to prevent travel of mechanical systems such as hoists, tilt, etc., beyond that intended
by design.

8.21 Warning Device

8.21.1 Every RTFL truck shall be equipped with an operator controlled horn, whistle, gong, or other sound-
producing device(s).

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8.21.2 In addition, other devices (visible or audible) suitable for the intended area of use may be installed when
requested by the user.

8.22 Pedal and Platform Surface

Control pedals and control platforms stood on or engaged by the operator’s feet shall have slip resistant
surfaces.

8.23 Emergency Lowering of Load

8.23.1 Vertical masts shall be provided with a means to prevent the load from lowering at a rate in excess of
120 ft/min (0.6 m/s) in case of a failure in the load supporting hydraulic control circuits.

8.23.2 Variable reach RTFL trucks shall be provided with means to prevent the load mechanism from moving in
case of a failure in the load support hydraulic lines.

8.24 Personnel Work Platforms for Elevating Personnel

8.24.1 These design requirements pertain only to RTFL trucks with personnel work platforms where the
personnel work platform is not equipped with controls affecting the travel of the truck.

8.24.2 If the RTFL truck manufacturer approves the use of personnel work platforms with a RTFL truck, the truck
manufacturer shall indicate, (e.g. in the operator’s manual, on the load capacity chart, on the RTFL truck information
plate(s)), the personnel work platform(s) approved for use and shall provide load capacity chart(s) for the specific
personnel work platform(s) approved for use.

8.24.3 The design requirements for personnel work platforms used for lifting personnel shall include the
following:

(a) A structural safety factor for the personnel work platform of not less than 2:1 for ductile materials (based on
minimum yield strength) and 5:1 for non-ductile materials (based on minimum ultimate strength) used for all load
supporting structural elements and personnel work platform attachment means.
(b) The personnel work platform shall have a floor with a slip resistant and self-draining surface. Any opening
in the floor or between the floor and the toe board shall be dimensioned so as to prevent the passage of a 15 mm
diameter sphere. Trap doors in the floor of the personnel work platform are not permitted.
(c) If the distance from ground level to the floor of the personnel work platform exceeds 400 mm, the personnel
work platform shall be equipped with an access ladder. This distance shall be determined when the RTFL truck is
on a level surface, and the personnel work platform is in the fully lowered position on the lifting means. The steps
or rungs of the ladder, and the handholds or handrails of the ladder shall conform to the requirements of ISO 2867.
The ladder shall align with the access opening to the personnel work platform.
(d) The personnel work platform shall not allow any portion of the fork tips with which the personnel work
platform is intended to be used to protrude beyond any part of the personnel work platform.
(e) The minimum space required for each person allowed on the personnel work platform as stated on the
personnel work platform nameplate shall not be less than 500 mm x 500 mm.
(f) Personnel work platforms may utilize movable sections to extend the length of the platform perpendicular
to the longitudinal center plane of the RTFL truck. Personnel work platforms with movable sections may have a
different capacity for the platform when the movable sections are in the retracted and extended positions. Both
capacities shall be clearly indicated on the personnel work platform nameplate. The RTFL truck information plate(s)
or load capacity chart shall indicate the rated capacities for the personnel work platform with the movable sections
in both extended and retracted
(g) A toe board with a minimum height from the platform floor of 150 mm shall be provided around the perimeter
of the personnel work platform. At points of access to the personnel work platform the height of the toe boards may
be reduced to 100 mm. Toe boards may be attached to gates and removable guardrails.
(h) Means shall be provided to prevent a side tilt attachment from tilting laterally when the personnel work
platform is installed. Personnel work platforms, whether fitted to the forks or a quick interchange device, shall not
be equipped with a side tilt device.

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(i) Means shall be provided to:

(1) securely retain the personnel work platform against the vertical face of the forks or carriage (fork
mounted), or
(2) securely attach the personnel work platform to the lifting mechanism (quick interchange mounted).
(j) The personnel work platform shall be provided with restraining means for personnel on the personnel
work platform. Personnel work platforms equipped with movable sections shall meet the same restraining
requirements. The restraining means shall consist of either a guardrail enclosing the entire perimeter of the
personnel work platform, or a guardrail enclosing all but the side of the personnel work platform that faces the
intended work area. A permanent guardrail or similar structure shall be provided on the side closest to the lifting
mechanism. The lanyard anchorage points shall only be provided on the permanent part of the personnel work
platform structure.
(k) Protection shall be provided from moving parts of the RTFL truck that present a hazard to personnel on
the personnel work platform.
(l) All guardrails shall have a height from the personnel work platform floor of 1075 mm ± 75 mm around its
upper periphery. Midrails shall also be provided and shall be located not further than 550 mm from the guardrails
and the toe board.
(m) Gates which are hinged on the side shall open inward shall have a positive latch, even if they automatically
return to the closed position.
(n) Chains or ropes shall not be used for guardrails or access openings on the personnel work platform.
(o) Each guardrail and midrail shall withstand a concentrated test load of 1000 N applied at any point in any
direction without visible permanent deformation.
(p) Anchorage(s) for the connection of a lanyard(s) shall be provided on the personnel work platform.
Anchorages shall be capable of withstanding the force of 3600 lbs (16 kN) for each person allowed by the RTFL
truck manufacturer on the anchorage point without reaching ultimate strength. The strength requirement shall only
apply to the anchorage(s) and their attachment to the personnel work platform. The number of anchorages shall
equal or exceed the rated number of occupants as specified on the personnel work platform nameplate. More than
one occupant may attach to a single anchorage if the anchorage is rated for more than one person.
Anchorages shall be designed to accept the lanyard. Exposed edges or corners shall be relieved either with a
radius of at least 0.5 mm or a 45 chamfer.
(q) The personnel work platform manufacturer shall identify and mark each lanyard anchorage. The
identification shall specify the maximum number of lanyards that can be attached at each location.
(r) The personnel work platform manufacturer shall provide on the personnel work platform a weather-resistant
compartment for storing manufacturer's manuals/instructions related to the personnel work platform.

8.24.4 In addition to the design requirements of 8.24.3, specific design requirements for personnel work
platforms equipped with controls for positioning the personnel work platform, but without controls for the travel of
the RTFL truck, shall include the following:
(a) Information plate(s) or load capacity chart(s) shall be provided on the personnel work platform and clearly
visible to the personnel work platform operator in the normal operating position.
(b) Provisions for the personnel work platform operator to monitor the boom angle and boom extension from
the control position, if necessary, to control placement of the personnel work platform within the load chart.
(c) Controls shall be positioned and/or protected against inadvertent operation. Foot controls shall have a slip
resistant surface.
(d) Controls shall be positioned so that they are readily accessible to the personnel work platform operator,
and so that they do not interfere with access openings.
(e) All control devices shall be protected against activation other than that initiated by the operator. A separate
control which has to be continuously activated by the operator in order for any motion to take place meets this
requirement.
(f) The motions of each control shall be consistent with the motions of the personnel work platform that are
carried out by the control being operated. Controls for the positioning of the personnel work platform, when released,
shall return to the neutral position.
(g) Control valves for operating personnel work platform functions shall be designed so that the corresponding
movements stop in the event of power failure.
(h) Means shall be provided to render inoperative all RTFL truck operating controls, other than those on the
personnel work platform, when the controls on the personnel work platform have been selected for use. Such means
shall be provided at the operator position on the truck, and shall be capable of returning operating control to the

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operator position on the truck. If the truck is equipped with an alternate control position at the ground level, such
means may also allow selection of control to the alternate control position. If multiple control positions are provided
on the personnel work platform, only one control position shall be capable of being operated at one time. The
emergency stop controls shall be operable from any position on the platform, from the operator position on the truck
and, if so equipped, from the alternate control position at the ground level regardless of which controls are selected
for use.
(i) All control positions on the personnel work platform shall be provided with an emergency stop control that
stops the control functions of the personnel work platform. When actuated, the emergency stop control shall prevent
the control functions from operating until it is reset. Means shall be provided to override the emergency stop control
in the personnel work platform from the ground to facilitate lowering the personnel work platform from the ground
operator position.
(j) At least one control position on the personnel work platform shall provide controls to start and stop the
engine of the RTFL truck.
(k) An emergency lowering means shall be provided to lower the personnel work platform to ground level in
the event of power failure. As a minimum, the controls for such means shall be available at ground level, and shall
be identified.

8.24.5 The following information shall be provided by the manufacturer of the personnel work platform, and shall
be legibly and permanently marked on the personnel work platform.

(a) Name and address (city, state and country are mandatory) of the manufacturer of the personnel work
platform.
(b) Model number.
(c) Serial number.
(d) Maximum weight of the personnel work platform. If the personnel work platform is equipped with removable
guardrails, the maximum weight shall include all removable guardrails and attaching components.
(e) For fork mounted carriages, the maximum and minimum length of the forks that the personnel work platform
is intended to be used with.
(f) The maximum number of occupants allowed on the personnel work platform.
(g) The maximum capacity of the personnel work platform including occupants, equipment and materials.
(h) The maximum hydraulic operating pressure recommended by the personnel work platform manufacturer
(on personnel work platforms equipped with hydraulic side swing or side shift).
(i) The following statement (or equivalent): Capacity of the truck and personnel work platform combination
may be less than the capacity shown on the personnel work platform. Refer to the load capacity chart for the truck
and personnel work platform combination used.
(i) Designation of compliance with the requirements of this Standard, applicable to the manufacturer.

8.24.6 Specific Stability Requirements for Personnel Work Platforms

8.24.6.1 Tilting Platform Test. RTFL trucks with personnel work platforms shall meet the design stability
requirements in para. 8.6 of this standard with exceptions as follows.

(a) The personnel work platform shall be level (with no rearward tilt) when on a level surface for all tests.
(b) The test load shall be positioned in the least stable condition on the personnel work platform, with its center
of gravity placed 300 mm from the inside surface of the guardrail, or 300 mm from the outer edge of the personnel
work platform in areas where the guardrail may be removed. For personnel work platforms with floor dimensions
less than 600 mm, the center line of floor dimension shall be used.
(c) If the personnel work platform is equipped with movable sections, and the rated capacity of the platform
differs when the movable sections are retracted or extended, the platform shall be tested in the following
configurations:
(1) With the movable sections retracted, the test load equal to the rated capacity of the platform shall be
placed in accordance with para. (b) above.
(2) With the movable sections positioned in the least stable condition, the test load equal to the rated capacity
for platform in this configuration shall be placed in the most adverse location on the movable section of the platform
in accordance with para. (b) above.
(d) Suspended test loads shall not be used for these tests.

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(e) Side tilt attachments must be prevented from tilting laterally.

(f) Fork mounted personnel work platforms shall be secured to the forks with the forks in the least stable
condition (i.e., if the forks can be offset from the machine center line, the forks shall be fully offset in the least stable
condition).
(g) Personnel work platforms that allow for side swing, side shift or other types of motion must place the
personnel work platform and the test load in the least stable condition.

8.24.6.2 Stability with Manual Forces. In addition to the tests performed in para. 8.24.6.1, the following test
shall be performed. Using the procedure outlined for this test, a RTFL truck with a personnel work platform shall
sustain the force of a manual load on the personnel work platform and shall not overturn when tilted on the tilting
platform.

(a) Test Procedure for Stability with Manual Forces. A combination of horizontal forces and loads shall be
applied to the personnel work platform such that the least stable configuration is attained. The RTFL truck
manufacturer shall determine the least stable configuration and position the truck on a tilting platform that is initially
level as follows:
(1) If the manufacturer determines that the least stable combination is longitudinal, the RTFL truck shall be
positioned on the tilting platform per para.8.6.8.7 (a).
(2) If the manufacturer determines that the least stable combination is lateral, the RTFL truck shall be
positioned on the tilting platform per para. 8.6.8.9 (a).
(b) For RTFL trucks equipped with masts only, the test is to be conducted at maximum fork height.
(c) For variable reach RTFL trucks, test is to be conducted at the least stable combination of lift and reach for
all load zones (see Figs. 1 and 2).
(d) For RTFL trucks equipped with tilt control, the personnel work platform is to be level (with no rearward tilt)
when the tilting platform is level.
(e) For RTFL trucks equipped with manually operated stabilizers or manually operated axle locks, this test shall
be conducted both with the stabilizers and axle locks engaged and disengaged.
(f) The RTFL truck shall be laterally level on the tilting platform prior to tilting the tilting platform. Compensation
for inclines with lateral leveling capability is not permitted for this test.
(g) The tilting platform shall be tipped 9%. The RTFL truck position on the tilting platform shall be maintained
by brakes or similar means that do not affect the stability.
(h) Apply a combination of horizontal forces and loads as determined for the least stable configuration:
(1) Apply a horizontal force to the upper perimeter of the personnel work platform in the least stable direction.
The force shall be 650 N for personnel work platforms rated for one person, and 1300 N for personnel work platforms
rated for two or more persons.
(2) If the manufacturer determines that the least stable configuration requires a load on the personnel work
platform, apply the appropriate load per para. 8.24.6.1.
(3) If the personnel work platform allows the use of side shift, side swing or other types of motion, the
manufacturer shall position the personnel work platform in the least stable condition.
Note that the least stable configuration may require this force to be applied longitudinally or laterally, and with
or without load on the personnel work platform.

8.24.6.3 Stability When Arresting a Fall. In addition to the tests performed in para. 8.24.6.1, the following test
shall be performed. Using the procedure outlined for this test, a RTFL truck with a personnel work platform shall
sustain the force of a 136 kg person in an arrested fall of 1.85 m and shall not overturn when tilted on the tilting
platform.

(a) Test Procedure for Stability When Arresting a Fall. A combination of horizontal forces and loads shall be
applied to the personnel work platform such that the least stable configuration is attained. The RTFL truck
manufacturer shall determine the least stable configuration and position the truck on an initially level platform as
follows:
(1) If the manufacturer determines that the least stable combination is longitudinal, the RTFL shall be
positioned on the tilting platform per para. 8.6.8.7 (a).
(2) If the manufacturer determines that the least stable combination is lateral, the RTFL shall be positioned
on the tilting platform per para. 8.6.8.9 (a).
(b) For RTFL trucks equipped with masts only, the test is to be conducted at maximum fork height.

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(c) For variable reach RTFL trucks, the test is to be conducted at the least stable combination of lift and reach
for all load zones (see Figs. 1 and 2).
(d) For RTFL trucks equipped with tilt control, the personnel work platform is to be level (with no rearward tilt)
when the tilting platform is level.
(e) For RTFL trucks equipped with manually operated stabilizers or manually operated axle locks, this test shall
be conducted both with the stabilizers and axle locks engaged and disengaged.
(f) The RTFL truck shall be laterally level on the tilting platform prior to tilting the tilting platform. Compensation
for inclines with lateral leveling capability (sway control) is not permitted for this test.
(g) The personnel work platform shall be level (with no rearward tilt) when on a level surface for all tests.
(h) Apply loads as determined for the least stable configuration:
(1) If the manufacturer determines that the least stable configuration requires a load on the personnel work
platform, apply the appropriate load per para. 8.24.6.1.
(2) If the personnel work platform allows the use of side shift, side swing or other types of motion, the
manufacturer shall position the personnel work platform in the least stable condition.
(i) The tilting platform shall be tipped 9%. The RTFL truck position on the tilting platform shall be maintained
by brakes or other similar means that do not affect the stability.
(j) The RTFL truck with the personnel work platform while so positioned shall sustain the force of a 136 kg test
mass free falling as follows:
(1) The test mass origin shall be placed with the center of gravity 0.46 m outside of the top rail of the personnel
work platform in a direction that creates the most adverse stability condition and;
(2) The test mass shall be attached by a non-shock absorbing lanyard to a lanyard anchorage point nearest
the test mass origin. The lanyard shall be routed over the top rail of the personnel work platform such that the
overturning force is applied to the top rail and;
(3) The test mass shall free fall a minimum vertical distance of 1.85 m without interference, obstruction, or
hitting the floor/ground, during the test.
(k) The RTFL truck with the personnel work platform shall not overturn as a result of this test. Permanent
deformation of any part of the personnel work platform is acceptable, provided that the test mass is not released
during the test.

8.25 Seat Belts

Seat belts shall be provided that meet or exceed the requirements of SAE J386.

8.26 Passenger Compartment

8.26.1 If a passenger compartment is provided, the compartment shall provide equivalent protection as provided
for the operator and shall comply with paras. 8.16, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, 8.20, 8.23, and 8.26 of this Standard.
(a) If the passenger compartment is separate from the operator’s compartment, there shall be no controls for
the operation of any of the RTFL truck’s functions in the passenger’s compartment.
(b) If the passenger compartment is not separate from the operator’s compartment, sufficient space shall be
provided for the passenger to allow the operator to operate the RTFL truck’s controls without interference with the
passenger.

8.26.2 A permanent label shall be placed in clear view of the seated passenger using text and/or pictorials to
provide the following information.
The passenger shall:
(a) remain seated at all times except when entering and exiting;
(b) fasten the seat belt;
(c) keep all parts of the body, including hands and feet, inside the passenger compartment;
(d) keep clear of, and make no contact with, the operating controls of the RTFL truck.

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Part IV
GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED WORDS AND PHRASES

approved: the classification or listing as to fire, explosion, and/or electric shock hazard by a nationally recognized
testing laboratory, i.e., a laboratory qualified and equipped to conduct examinations and tests such as those
prescribed by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

attachment: a device other than conventional forks or load backrest extension, mounted permanently or removably
on the elevating mechanism of a truck for handling the load. Popular types are fork extensions, clamps, rotating
devices, side shifters, load stabilizers, rams and booms.

attachment, removable: an attachment that can be mounted on the forks, or in place of the forks or the carriage, by
means of such conventional fasteners as bolts, pins, etc., and that does not require the disassembly of any other
portion of the lifting system to install or remove.

(21) authorized person (authorized personnel): Personnel approved or assigned by the user to perform a specific type
of duty or duties at a specific location or locations at a work site.

axle lock: means to lock out vertical axle oscillation to improve lateral stability.

belt, body: see body belt.

body belt: a simple or compound strap with means for securing it about the waist and for securing a lanyard to it.

boom: the pivoting support member providing the guideways that permits horizontal and/or vertical movement of
the load engaging means.

boom angle: reference angle of boom to the horizontal (horizontal being equal to 0 deg).

boom extension reference points: a method of indicating boom extension used in combination with boom angle to
identify lifting capacity from the capacity chart.

brake system, parking: a means to prevent inadvertent movement of a stationary truck.

brake system, service: the primary means of any type used for stopping and holding the truck.

bridge plate: a portable device for spanning the gap between two rail cars.

capacity: the capacity of a truck equipped with load carriage and forks, or with attachments, is the weight at a
specified load center that a given truck can transport in a carry position and stack to the specified elevation of the
load-engaging means.

NOTE: Capacity is used to designate the weight handling ability of a particular RTFL truck as equipped.

carriage: a support structure for forks or attachments.

center of gravity (of load): that point at which the load mass is concentrated. It is located horizontally by its distance
from the vertical fork face and vertically by its distance above the load bearing surface of the forks, or equivalents
for other load-engaging means. Except where otherwise indicated, this point is located in the vertical plane of the
truck’s longitudinal center line.

creep: slowest steady state of movement.

deceleration device: any mechanism that serves to reduce the falling speed and provide a complete stop in falling
without interference and manipulation of the device.

dockboard: a portable or fixed device for spanning the gap or compensating for difference in level between loading
platforms and carriers.

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(21) familiarization: providing the necessary information regarding the features, functions, devices, limitations and
operating characteristics as defined by the manufacturer in the operator's manual, in order to properly utilize a
specific model RTFL, to include the location of the manufacturer’s operation manuals.

fork height: the vertical distance from the floor to the horizontal load carrying surface of the forks, measured adjacent
to the heel of the forks.

forks: horizontal tine-like projections, normally suspended from the carriage, for engaging and supporting loads.

forward reach: horizontal distance measured from the forward most point of the front tires to the load center located
on the top surface of the forks.

free lift: the attainable lift from the extreme lowered position of the carriage before the stated overall lowered height
of the mast is exceeded by any standard part of the forks, mast, or carriage assemblies.

lanyard: a rope suitable for supporting one person. One end is fastened to the body belt or harness and the other
end is secured to a substantial object or a lifeline.

lateral leveling: changing the lateral relationship between the RTFL truck lifting mechanism and the ground;
generally used to adjust the mast or boom to vertical when the truck is standing on a side slope.

leveling, lateral: see lateral leveling.

lifeline: a rope, suitable for supporting one person, to which a lanyard, deceleration device, or body belt (or harness)
is attached.

lift truck: see truck, forklift.

load backrest: that portion of the carriage and forks serving to restrain the load when the load is tilted rearward or
upward.

load backrest extension: a removable device that increases the load restraining area beyond that provided by the
load backrest.

load center: the horizontal longitudinal distance from the intersection of the horizontal load carrying surfaces and
vertical load-engaging faces of the forks (or equivalent load-positioning structure) to the center of gravity of the load.

maintenance platform: see work platform

mast: the support member providing the guideways permitting vertical movement of the carriage. It is usually
constructed in the form of channels or similar sections providing the supporting pathway for the carriage rollers.

maximum fork height: the fork height attainable in fully raised position when loaded.

overhead guard: a framework fitted to a truck over the head of a riding operator for the purpose of providing
protection for the operator from falling objects.

parking braking system: see braking system, parking.

platform, work: a platform intended to provide safe working conditions and designated to be mounted on a truck or
other elevating device, providing an area for person(s) elevated by and working from the platform work surface.

powered industrial truck: see truck, powered industrial.

(21) qualified person (qualified personnel): person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate or professional
standing, or by extensive knowledge, training and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve
or resolve problems related to the subject matter, the work or the project.

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rated capacity: for a truck equipped with load carriage and forks or attachments is the weight established by the
manufacturer at a required load center that a given truck can transport and stack to a height established by the
manufacturer.

NOTE: Rated capacity is used as a means for comparing the weight handling ability of RTFL trucks.

reach mechanism: any cantilever structure, assembly or mechanical device that supports the forks or approved
attachments of the RTFL truck

removable attachment: see attachment, removable.

rough terrain forklift truck: see truck, rough terrain forklift.

safety platform: see platform, work.

safety work surface: a surface intended to reduce the possibility of foot slippage.

service brake system: see brake system, service.

side mounted operator compartment: an operator’s compartment attached so that its longitudinal center line is
outside of the RTFL truck main frame structure in the plan view.

stabilizers, retractable: extendible or pivoting mechanical supports used to improve stability of a stationary RTFL
truck.

(21) supervisor: an entity assigned by the user to monitor operator performance and supervise their work.

tiering: the process of placing one load on or above another.

truck: see truck, rough terrain forklift.

truck, forklift: a self-loading truck, equipped with load carriage and forks for transporting and tiering loads.

(21) truck, highway: a vehicle intended for use on public roads, streets, and highways to haul or transport loads; not a
RTFL, powered industrial truck, or machines designed primarily for earth moving

truck, powered industrial: a mobile, power propelled truck used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier material.

truck, rough terrain forklift: a wheeled-type truck designed primarily as a forklift truck, which may be equipped with
attachments. This truck is intended for operation on unimproved natural terrain as well as the disturbed terrain of
construction sites. See Section 2 and Figs. A1 through A6.

truck, rough terrain, attended: when the operator is less than 25 feet (7.6m) from the normal operating position,
which remains in the operator's view.

truck, rough terrain, unattended: when the operator is 25 feet (7.6m) or more from the normal operating position,
which remains in the operator's view, or whenever the operator leaves the RTFL truck and it is not in the operator's
view

truck, variable reach rough terrain forklift: a RTFL truck with the additional capability of extending and retracting the
forks (and load) in a longitudinal direction. See Figs. A1 and A2.

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user: a person or organization responsible for employing RTFL trucks.

variable reach rough terrain forklift truck: see truck, variable reach rough terrain.

work platform: see platform, work.

FIG. A1 VARIABLE REACH –

LINKAGE TYPE
(Four Wheel Steer, Two Wheel Steer, Four Wheel Drive, Two Wheel Drive)

FIG. A2 VARIABLE REACH –

BOOM TYPE
(Four Wheel Steer, Two Wheel Steer, Four Wheel Drive, Two Wheel Drive)

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FIG. A3 VERTICAL MAST,

TWO WHEEL STEER, TWO WHEEL DRIVE, FOUR WHEEL DRIVE

FIG. A4 VERTICAL MAST, SKID STEER

FIG. A5 VERTICAL MAST, ARTICULATED FRAME STEER, FOUR WHEEL DRIVE

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FIG. A6 VERTICAL MAST,

FOUR WHEEL STEER, TWO WHEEL DRIVE, FOUR WHEEL DRIVE

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MANDATORY APPENDIX I
REFERENCES

The following are safety standards and codes (unless otherwise noted) referenced within this Standard. It is the
intent of this Standard to refer to the standards and codes listed below in their latest edition when they are
referenced within the Standard.

ANSI/NFPA 30-1996, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

ANSI/NFPA 58-1995, Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases
ANSI/NFPA 505-1996, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of
Use, Maintenance and Operation

Publisher: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269

ANSI/UL 558-1991 Standard for Safety for Internal Combustion-Engine-Powered Industrial Trucks
ANSI/UL 583-1991 Standard for Safety for Electric-Battery-Powered Industrial Trucks

Publisher: Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062

ASME B56.11.3-1992 Load Handling Symbols for Powered Industrial Trucks (not a safety standard)
ASME B56.11.7- 1998 Liquid Propane Gas (LPG) Fuel Cylinders (Horizontal or Vertical) Mounting – Liquid
Withdrawal – For Powered Industrial Trucks

Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME International), Three Park Avenue, New York,
NY 10016-5990

ANSI Z53.1-1979, Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards

ANSI Z93.0-1989, Industrial Engineering Terminology (not a safety standard)
ANSI Z535.2-1991, Environmental and Facility Safety Signs
ANSI/IES RP7-1990, Practice for Industrial Lighting (not a safety standard)
ANSI/SAE J386-JUN 85, Operator Restraint Systems for Off-Road Work Machines
ISO 5353-1978, Earth-Moving Machinery – Seat Index Point (International Standard)

Publisher: American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI), 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10016

The following are related documents:

ASME B20.1-1996, Safety Standard for Conveyors and Related Equipment

ASME B30.9-1996, Slings
ASME B56.11.4-1992, Hook-Type Forks and Fork Carriers for Powered Industrial Forklift Trucks (not a safety
standard)

Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME International), Three Park Avenue, New York,
NY 10016-5990

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ANSI/ITSDF B56.6 INTERPRETATIONS

Replies to Technical Inquiries

May 2016 through March 2021

FOREWORD

This publication includes all of the written replies issued between the indicated dates by the Secretary, speaking for
the ANSI/ITSDF B56 Committee of Powered and Nonpowered Industrial Trucks, to inquiries concerning
interpretations of technical aspects of ANSI/ITSDF B56.6, Safety Standard for Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks.

These replies are taken verbatim from the original letter except for a few typographical corrections and some minor
editorial corrections made for the purpose of improved clarity. In some few instances, a review of the interpretation
revealed a need for corrections of technical nature; in these cases a corrected interpretation follows immediately
after the original reply.

These interpretations were prepared in accordance with the accredited ITSDF procedures. ITSDF procedures
provide for reconsideration of these interpretations when and if additional information is available which the inquirer
believes might affect the interpretation. Further, persons aggrieved by this interpretation may appeal to the
cognizant ITSDF Committee or Subcommittee. ITSDF does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item,
construction, proprietary device, or activity.

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Interpretation: 6-29

Subject: ANSI/ITSDF B56.6-2016, Section 8.24.3(j) Personnel Work Platforms for Elevating
Personnel

Date Issued: May 24, 2017

Question (1): In Section 8.24.3(j) the standard states for a personnel work platform “A permanent guardrail or
similar structure shall be provided on the side closest to the lifting mechanism.”

What would be considered “permanent” for the guardrail or similar structure on the side closest to the lifting
mechanism? Does the guardrail or similar structure have to be welded solid to the personnel work platform so it is
not removable to be considered permanent? Or can it be fixed by other means such as bolted-on or pinned-on and
still be considered permanent?

Answer (1): The intent is that the guardrail or similar structure remain fixed to the personnel work platform in a
manner that will continue to serve its intended function for the entire life of the platform considering typical intended
application and use. The method for fixing the guardrail or similar structure to the personnel work platform is not
addressed by the standard.

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