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The Effectiveness of Musa acuminata Peel Extract as a Green Floor Wax: A Sustainable
Cleaning Solution

A Research Study Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 2

Researchers:

Figueroa, Andrei Jemero

Ferrer, Stanley

Ramos, Jerome Brian

Ramos, Russel

Puerto, Armiene Ysabelle

Rivera, Troy Denver

Valderama, Jayrielle

2023

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Chapter I
The Problem and It’s Background
INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is a country known for its emphasis on cleaning and aesthetics, particularly

within homes. Floor care is a vital aspect of maintaining a clean and visually appealing living

space (Punzalan, 2018). This cultural emphasis translates into a high demand for effective floor

cleaning and maintenance products, including floor waxes.

For generations, conventional floor wax has been a mainstay in household cleaning

routines. Its promise of a gleaming, protected surface is undeniable. However, beneath that

glossy exterior lie potential drawbacks that raise concern for health, safety, and the

environment. One of the primary concerns with conventional floor wax is its impact on

respiratory health. Many commercially available waxes contain volatile organic compounds.

These chemicals evaporate at room temperature and can irritate the lungs, especially for those

with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma. A study by Alcaraz et al., (2019)

investigating alternatives to floor wax specifically mentions the negative respiratory effects of

these chemicals commonly found in household cleaning products. Another health concern is the

potential for skin irritation. Conventional floor waxes often contain harsh chemicals that can

cause dryness, itching, and even dermatitis upon contact with skin. This poses a particular risk

for children who frequently play on floors and may come into direct contact with the waxy

residue.

The environmental impact of conventional floor wax use in the Philippines cannot be

ignored. Many waxes contain non-biodegradable components that can end up in waterways

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through

runoff from cleaning activities. These pollutants can harm aquatic life and disrupt the delicate

balance of ecosystems. (Environmental Protection Agency, 2023).

The growing awareness of environmental and health concerns has led to a rising

demand for sustainable cleaning solutions in the Philippines. Consumers are increasingly

seeking alternatives that offer the cleaning and protective benefits of traditional floor waxes,

but without the associated environmental and health risks. The researchers of this study have

found a readily available and renewable resource for an alternative to conventional floor wax.

Musa acuminata or commonly known as banana is a growing staple in the country's

economy. The Philippines reigns supreme as one of the world’s leading producers and

exporters of bananas. This golden fruit plays a significant role in the country’s economy,

generating income for countless farmers and contributing sustainability to foreign exchange

earnings. Nueva Ecija, dubbed the “Rice Granary of the Philippines” is not only known for its

rice production but also for being a major producer of bananas. According to the Philippine

Statistics Authority (PSA) Nueva Ecija is consistently ranked among the top banana producing

provinces in the Philippines. The fertile lands and favorable climate in the region provide an

ideal condition for growing bananas, particularly Cavendish varieties preferred for export. The

abundance of banana farms contributes significantly to the local economy. Banana production

generates employment opportunities, supports related industries like packaging and logistics,

and serves as a source of income for many Nueva Ecija residents.

According to Alcaraz (2019) banana peels can be recycled and used to lessen the waste

in our environment. There are many ways to lessen such waste to maintain cleanliness in our

surroundings and to prevent harmful effects to humans due to pollution. One of the ways to
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recycle

craps came from fruits, one of which is the banana peel. Banana peel can be used as an

alternative ingredient in making floor wax. Using this kind of scrap can reduce the harmful

chemicals components found in the commercial floor wax. This research project aims to

address this need by exploring the potential of a locally available and sustainable resource- the

Musa acuminata peel- as a viable floor wax solution.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Primary Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that banana peels may be recycled into high-quality products

that are beneficial to homes, as well as to show how successful using banana peels instead of floor wax

is. Additionally, the study seeks to ascertain whether Saba, a type of banana, was effective. Another goal

of this research is to lessen the hazardous chemicals that are present in commercial floor waxes. The

researchers sought to contribute to the development of a less expensive floor wax product that could

provide the same quality as the commercial kind. They also wanted to test and compare the alternative

floor wax's friction, odor, and shine to that of the commercial kind.

Secondary Objectives:

The researchers of this study wanted to find an alternative for kerosene in floor wax and test the

effectivity of the banana peel as an alternative floor wax and identify the possibilities in making a floor

wax.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study investigating the effectiveness of Musa acuminata (banana) peel extract as a green

floor wax holds significance for several reasons:

Environmental Benefits

Waste Reduction: A significant agricultural waste product is banana peels (Musa acuminata).

This study investigates the possibility of making useful use of this garbage in order to keep it out of

landfills and encourage a more circular economy.

Decreased Chemical Use: VOCs and harsh chemicals are frequently present in conventional

floor waxes. This study looks into a natural substitute, which could result in less dependence on these

dangerous drugs.

Household Benefits

Safer Cleaning solutions: For people who have respiratory sensitivities or are concerned about

using chemical cleaning solutions, natural floor wax made from banana peels may be a safer

alternative.

Cost-Effectiveness: If banana peel wax proves to be successful, it may be less expensive than

floor waxes that are made commercially.

Accessibility: Since banana peels are widely available in most homes, this floor care solution

could be done at home.

This research contributes to the development of sustainable cleaning practices. By exploring the

effectiveness of banana peels as a green floor wax, the study paves the eco-friendlier alternatives in the

cleaning industry. Additionally, a successful outcome could benefit households by providing a safer

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and potentially

more affordable floor care solution.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This research titled The Effectiveness of Musa acuminata (banana) Peel Extract as a Green Floor

Wax: A Sustainable Cleaning Solution will investigate the effectiveness of Musa acuminata (banana)

peel extract as a green floor wax alternative. The focus will be on its ability to: produce a shine

comparable to commercial floor waxes, offer protection against minor scratches and scuffs, a safe and

healthy alternative for users with respiratory sensitivities, and reduces the environmental impact

compared to conventional floor wax. The study will be conducted on the Figueroa Residence and the

Good Samaritan Colleges. This research will explore the extraction method and potential carrier agents

to optimize the performance of the banana peel wax. Additionally, the study will compare the cost-

effectiveness of using banana peel wax against commercially available products. This research will not

cover the long-term durability of banana peel compared to commercial products, the effectiveness of

banana peel wax on different types of flooring materials (e.g., vinyl, laminate, tiles), the potential anti-

microbial properties of banana peel wax, the commercial viability of large-scale production of banana

peel wax. The research will focus on the basic functionality and environmental benefits of banana peel

wax as a floor care solution. Further research would be needed to explore the areas excluded from this

study. Additional delimitations may be considered the concentration of banana peel extract used in the

wax formula, the specific application methods used for banana peel wax, and the testing period for

evaluating the effectiveness of the wax.

HYPOTHESIS

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Hypothesis 1:

Shine and Protection

Null Hypothesis (H₀): There will be no significant difference in shine and scratch resistance

between floors waxed with Musa acuminata (banana) peel extract and floors wax with a commercially

available floor wax product.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): Floors waxed with Musa acuminata (banana) peel extract will

exhibit a comparable shine and similar scratch resistance to floors with a commercially available floor

wax product.

This hypothesis investigates whether the banana peel extract can achieve a level of shine and

protection comparable to traditional waxes.

Hypothesis 2: User safety and Environmental Impact

Null Hypothesis (H₀): There will be no significant difference in user respiratory health and

environmental impact between using Musa acuminata (banana) peel extract wax and using a

commercially available floor wax product.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): Using Musa Acuminata (banana) peel extract will lead to fewer

respiratory health concerns for users and have a lower environmental impact compared to using a

commercially available floor wax product.

This hypothesis explores the potential health and environmental benefits using a natural

alternative like Musa acuminata (banana) peel extract.

Hypothesis 3: Cost-Effectiveness

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Null

Hypothesis (H₀): The cost producing and using Musa acuminata (banana) peel extract wax will be

equal to or greater than then cost of using a commercially available floor wax product.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): The cost of producing and using Musa acuminata (banana) peel

extract wax will be lower than the cost of using a commercially available floor wax product.

This hypothesis examines the economic feasibility of using banana peel extract as a floor wax

alternative.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Input Process Output
- Banana peels - Cleaning banana peels Effectiveness of Musa
- Candles - Cutting banana peels acuminata peel extract as a
- Cooking oil - Cutting candle green floor wax.
- Lemon grass - Boiling banana peels
- Melting candle wax
and cooking oil
together
- Boiling banana peel,
lemon grass, and
melted candle wax and
cooking oil together
Figure 1

Conceptual Framework

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CHAPTER II

Review Related Literature

CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

This chapter presented the detailed methods, procedures, or techniques that were used in

answering the research questions to provide adequate and complete information on how to conduct the

collection of data. This chapter was divided into several sections the research design used, participants

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of the study, research

locale, data gathering instrument, data gathering procedure, sampling procedure, statistical analysis,

and experimental procedure.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The experimental research design was tailored to the nature of this investigation. The team will

develop and build a pilot-scale greywater treatment system employing Mays subsp as the principal

filter material. This study employs a pre-test/post-test control group approach to rigorously assess the

efficacy of Mays subsp (corn cobs) as an eco-friendly greywater recycling solution. Two identical

greywater treatment systems will be built.

 Treatment group: This system will utilize corn cobs as the primary filtration and absorption

media

 Control group: This system will use a conventional sand filter, the current standard for

greywater treatment, for comparison.

Both systems will receive identical influent grey water from a predetermined source (for

example, laundry or bathroom sinks). Both influent and effluent water will have pre-treatment

measurements of essential water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand

(COD), and total dissolved solids (TDS). After a set treatment duration (e.g., 2 weeks), post-treatment

water samples will be examined for the same parameters. In addition, bacterial and viral counts will be

compared to assess pathogen elimination efficacy.

PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY

The choice of respondents for this study was put into deliberate consideration. It was agreed

that no identifiable demographics would be asked of the respondents. Since certain Barangay’s

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population is

small it would be easy to identify someone by age, residence, availability, knowledge, and interest.

Some of the potential participants' groups and the rationale behind their inclusion;

HOUSEHOLDS

a. Individuals with existing greywater recycling systems can be recruited to participate in a field

study where corn cobs can be used as a filter material in their greywater treatment systems. This

allows for real-world data collection on the effectiveness of corn cobs in removing

contaminants and the feasibility of integrating them into existing greywater systems

b. Individuals interested in adopting greywater recycling: This group can be recruited for surveys

or interviews to gather their perceptions and willingness to use corn cobs for greywater

treatment. This information can help assess the potential market for corn cob-based greywater

treatment systems.

COMMUNITIES WITH LIMITED ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER

a. Local Stakeholders (e.g., Government Officials, Water Management Organizations): These

stakeholders can be involved in designing and implementing the pilot projects and

disseminating information about the technology to the community. Their participation ensures

community buy-in and support for the project.

RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS IN THE FIELD OF WATER TREATMENT

a. Scientists and Engineers Specializing in Water Treatment Technologies: These individuals can

participate in laboratory experiments to evaluate corn cobs' absorption capacity and efficiency

for different greywater contaminants under controlled conditions. This allows for a detailed

understanding of the mechanisms involved in the absorption process.

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b. Representatives of

can provide valuable insights into the potential market for corn cob-based greywater treatment

systems and facilitate the technology’s commercialization and widespread adoption.

TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

a. Teachers: Teachers with experience in environmental education or science can provide

insightful and thorough responses to the questionnaires and interviews used in the study. Their

knowledge of important concepts, as well as their regular interactions with students, can help to

improve the data obtained. Teachers can also provide useful input on the clarity and precision

of the research tools, ensuring that the data collected is relevant and meaningful.

b. Students: The "Mays subsp" research investigates scientific ideas such as water conservation,

filtration, and environmental engineering. Students participating in the research process can

augment classroom learning and make STEM subjects more tangible and engaging. Analyzing

data, researching the science underlying corn cob filtration, and possibly even participating in

hands-on activities such as building greywater recycling systems can help them understand

scientific ideas.

In addition to the participation groups identified above, specific inclusion and exclusion criteria

should be established to ensure the validity and reliability of the research findings. The criteria may

include:

AGE: Participants should be adults (18 years or older) capable of providing informed consent.

RESIDENCE: Participants should reside in an area with access to greywater (e.g., homes with

showers, and washing machines).

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AVAILABILITY: Participants should be willing to commit the necessary time and resources to

participate in the research study.

KNOWLEDGE AND INTEREST: For surveys, participants should have some basic understanding

of greywater and water conservation concepts.

RESEARCH LOCALE

This research study was conducted at Good Samaritan Colleges, Fort Magsaysay, Patalac,

Bakod Bayan, Mayapyap, Philippines.

Good Samaritan Colleges is a private school located in Burgos Ave., Cabanatuan City, NE. It is

one of the well-known schools in Nueva Ecija and one of the top-performing schools in the region.

GSC is composed of three Colleges which are the College of Nursing and Allied Health Professions,

College of Arts in Education, College of Accountancy, and a Junior High School Department and a

Senior High School Department composed of three strand STEMS (Science, Technology, Engineering,

and Mathematics). HUMSS (Humanities and Social Science), and ABM (Accountancy, Business, and

Mathematics) with more or less than three thousand students (3000) and about 100 faculty and staff.

GSC is known for honing students and making them future ready. The students who are studying in the

said College come from different parts of the region, with different beliefs, cultures, and traditions.

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Figure 1. Map of Good Samaritan Colleges

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

Research that is solely reliant on surveys provides several economic and expedient benefits

while still providing useful information (Riddell, 2018). Specific to this study, a cross-sectional survey

instrument was developed for this study. The survey is organized into three sections that explore the

participants' perceptions of knowledge about greywater recycling, attitude towards Mays subsp (corn

cobs) for greywater treatment, and willingness to adopt greywater recycling. The survey is used to

explore participants’ perception of Mays subsp (corn cobs) as a treatment for greywater. Surveys afford

a quantitative description of attitudes or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that

population and providing critical feedback about what changes Mays subsp has brought about

greywater treatment. In addition to the Likert scale and other close-ended questions, the survey

contains a few open-ended items. These questions provide the opportunity for the respondents to

express their views further if so desired. Common themes emerged from the responses, thus providing

meaningful data for data analysis.

The survey is divided into three sections; the first section deals with the knowledge about

greywater recycling, the second section addresses the attitude towards Mays subsp (corn cobs) for

greywater treatment, and the third section looks at the willingness to adopt greywater recycling. The

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five- point Likert

scale was assigned as follows; one (strongly disagree) two (disagree), three (no opinion), four(agree),

and five (strongly agree), (Fink, 2009). Additionally, a five-point Likert scale addresses questions on

willingness, attitude, and knowledge: awareness, frequency, and familiarity. The remaining questions

are open-ended, so participants can answer freely, and check all that apply.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The study entitled, “Mays subsp (Corn Cobs): The Eco-Friendly Solution for Greywater

Recycling” aims to determine the efficacy, willingness, and acceptability of Mays Subsp a plant known

for being porous, and its abrasive and absorption properties, and evaluate its potential as an alternative

water filtration method. To accomplish this a comprehensive data-gathering procedure incorporating

observations and survey methods will be implemented. The procedure is outlined as follows:

 Research Design. The researchers in this study planned to systematically cool collected

analyzed data. The researchers in this study carefully outlined the objectives, research

questions, and variables of interest. The researchers would also determine the target population

or sample for administering the sample.

 Observation. In the observation phase, the researchers would collect several samples of Mays

subsp. The collected samples will then be prepared for cleaning, drying, burning, and

processing into a suitable form of water filter for filtration testing. The researchers would then

observe the color, turbidity and presence of particles, scum, biofilms in influent or effluent

greywater (Mitra et al., 2020, Lui et al., 2018). Observation for this study involves two main

steps identification and collection, and sample operation.

 Filtration Testing. During the filtration testing, a controlled pilot-scale model will be designed

to
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determine the efficacy and adaptability of Mays subsp as a cost-effective alternative for water

filtration. The prepared pilot-scale model would be put to test on kitchen water, bath water, and

water from the bath to check its ability and efficacy to filter out substances. Then the

adaptability of the sample will be observed, considering factors such as turbidity, presence of

particles, odor, and color.

 Survey Administration. The survey phase involves developing a questionnaire that addresses

knowledge about greywater recycling, attitudes towards Mays Subsp for greywater treatment,

and willingness to adopt greywater recycling. A diverse representation of the following is

ensured by sampling households, communities with limited access to clean water, researchers

and practitioners in the field of water treatment, and teachers and students. The survey will be

administered face-to-face to randomly selected participants, and their responses will be

recorded. The administration of this survey will involve three main steps.

Firstly, the researchers will develop a survey questionnaire that includes relevant questions

about the willingness to adopt greywater recycling, knowledge about greywater recycling, and attitudes

toward Mays subsp for greywater treatment. Then the researcher will identify a sample population for

the survey which will consist of communities with limited access to clean water, households,

researchers and practitioners in the field of water treatment, and teachers and students. The sample can

be selected randomly or purposively, depending on the research objectives and available resources.

Lastly, the survey can be administered to the selected participants either in person, via mail, or using

online survey tools. The participants' responses survey will be recorded.

 Data Analysis. The data analysis involves analyzing the collected data from both the

observation and survey phases. In data analysis, the observational data including the assessment

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of the

filtration system, is subjective to qualitative analysis. This analysis aims to identify any

significant differences or trends between Mays Subsp-based water filter and the synthetic water

filter. To compare water quality metrics between treated and untreated greywater. This aids in

determining how well the Mays subsp filter removes impurities and enhances the general

quality of water. Additionally, the survey responses are compiled and analyzed using

techniques such as descriptive statistics to gain insights into user perspectives and preferences

on the mays subsp base water filter.

 Interpretation and Conclusion. The interpretation and the conclusion phase involve analyzing

the gathered data from both the observation and the survey phases. The results will be

interpreted concluding the efficacy and the adaptability of Mays Subsp as a viable material in

the production of cost-effective water filters as well as its potential as a sustainable alternative

to synthetic water filters. The findings will be compared with existing literature in the field to

provide broader context for the conclusion.

The data-gathering procedure will ensure the synthetic collection of both quantitative and

qualitative information on the applicability and efficacy of Mays Subsp as a cost-effective alternative to

synthetic water filters. By following a systematic procedure involving observation and survey methods,

the researchers aim to provide valuable insights into the potential and viability of Mays Subsp as a cost-

effective water filtration system.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

In this study, the survey will make use of stratified random sampling technique was utilized to

select the students. To ensure the validity and the quality of the questionnaire, a pilot-study will be

conducted at Good Samaritan Colleges located in Burgos Avenue, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija,
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Philippines.

The survey will be administered using stratified random sampling, allowing researchers to gather

information and data from diverse sets of participants. This sampling method was chosen to ensure a

fair and unbiased representation of the population, aligning with the requirements of the research study.

The researchers will employ a stratified random sampling method to enhance the reliability of

the participant selection and minimize bias. A study made by Cochran, 1977; Lohr, 2022, explained

that stratified random sampling is a probability sampling technique where a population is divided into

subgroups (strata) based on shared characteristics before selecting a representative sample. By

employing this approach all participants have an equal opportunity to be selected as participants in the

study, ensuring a fair and representative sample.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

To ensure that the interpretation of the results can be deemed reliable and valid, various

statistical techniques and procedures will be utilized in this study.

1. This study utilized the weighted means to determine the acceptability and efficacy of Mays

subsp based water filtration system as a cost-effective alternative to a synthetic water filter.

This tool will be used to establish and provide answers to the question that the study intends to

answer.

2. The mean is the most often used in central tendency calculation since it's prone to fewer errors.

The established data will be treated with the use of weighted mean.

Σ fχ
Formula: Χ =
f
Where: X is the weighted mean.
Σ fX is the sum of all products

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f is the sum of all respondents.
3. To evaluate the acceptability and efficiency of Mays subsp based water filtration system as a

cost-effective water filtration system, the rating scale below will be used.

Scale Mean Verbal Interpretation

5 4.30-5.00 Very Acceptable
4 3.50-4.29 Acceptable
3 2.70-3.49 Neutral
2 1.90-2.69 Unacceptable
1 1.00-1.89 Very Unacceptable

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

This experimental procedure presents a comprehensive study focused on determining the

applicability and efficacy of Mays subsp as a cost-effective water filter. The Mays subsp based water

filter will be produced as follows.

1. Raw Material and Sample Collection: The sites selected to collect samples for analysis and

treatment is commercial sewage (Greywater) which can be obtained in Schools, Offices, and

Households. The greywater samples contain wastewater from pantry, floor wash, wash basins,

and water from the shower. The corn cobs will be collected from public markets.

2. Preparation of Corncobs: The raw corncobs obtained from public markets will be sun dried to

remove moisture. The dried corn cobs will longitudinally cut into two halves using a hammer.

Next smaller sized corn cobs will be collected and broken into further smaller sizes. Then the

corn will be powered by grinding them mechanically.

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3. First Layer; Gravel for Support: Since any filters need a base support and the material chosen

for our filter is a 20mm (about 0.79 in) sized gravel. About one kilogram of gravel will be

weighted, washed completely to remove dirt and will be left to dry. The clean 20 mm (about

0.79 in) sized gravel will be placed in a filter on top of a geotextile cloth. The gravel layer must

be uniformly separated.

4. Second Layer; Fine Sand: Fine sand is a well-known medium used in sewage treatment plants

to treat highly contaminated sewage. The impurities in water will get trapped in the voids of

soil particles. This layer nourishes microorganisms that will biologically treat the components

of the wastewater. A geotextile cloth will be placed over the layer of gravel. One-kilogram fine

sand is laid over the geotextile cloth and tamped well.

5. Third Layer; Powdered Corn Cobs: The dried corn cobs will be broken into smaller pieces

and these pieces will be grinded mechanically. The powdered corn cobs must be washed well

and dried before layering. One kilogram of powdered corn cobs will be weighed and layered.

The corn must be layered uniformly without constant tamping. A geotextile cloth will be placed

over the layer.

6. Fourth Layer; Activated Carbon: Activated carbon is a well-established absorbent without

which any water filter is incomplete. Activated carbons are available in many forms, here

granular activated carbon is chosen. The carbon must be washed well to remove the ash from it

and then allowed to dry. One kilogram of activated carbon-free from ash content is placed

uniformly over the geotextile cloth and spread in all directions. A geotextile cloth is placed over

it.

7. Fifth Layer; Small Pieces of Corn Cobs: Long corn cobs are broken into smaller pieces of

length 5 to 8 centimeters. The broken pieces are washed and dried and one kilogram of the corn

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cobs is

weighed and kept aside. The broken corn cobs are placed over a geotextile cloth. Care must be

taken to ensure there are no spaces between the two pieces of cobs.

8. Sixth Layer; Longitudinal Sections of Corn Cobs: Long pieces of corn cobs are cut

longitudinally. A hammer is used to longitudinally section the dried corn cobs. The longitudinal

sections must also be cleaned with water and dried. One kilogram of this is weighed and spread

over the geotextile cloth that overlies a layer of broken cobs. Geotextile cloth is used as a

spacer between different layers of filtration media and to aid in uniform filtration,

9. Testing of the Filter: The corn cobs filter, after properly layered and tamped must be then

checked to evaluate the efficiency. About 5 liters of water from the kitchen sink and mixed with

another 5 liters of water collected from the baths and laundry.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Gathering data for any research study, including the “Mays subsp” project on greywater

recycling, involves ethical considerations that must be addressed to ensure the well-being of

participants and the integrity of the research. Listed below are the considered key points when

conducting data gathering for this research;

Informed Consents

a. Participants should be provided with clear and concise information about the study’s

purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time.

This information sheet should be translated into the local language if necessary (Babbie,

2014, p. 134).

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b. Ens

ure participants understand the implications of their participation, including potential data

sharing and publication (Creswell, 2014, p. 78).

c. Obtain written informed consent from all participants before collecting any data (Punch,

2013, p. 184).

Privacy and Confidentiality

a. Maintain the anonymity and confidentiality of participants throughout the data collection from

the analysis process. This includes using participant IDs, anonymizing data sets, and storing

data securely.

b. Avoid collecting sensitive information unless necessary for the study and ensure data is handled

with utmost care and protection (Yin, 218, p. 147).

Avoiding Coercion and Bias

a. Ensure participants are voluntary and free from any coercion or pressure.

b. Be mindful of potential power imbalances between researchers and participants, particularly in

a school setting.

c. Design research instruments and procedures to minimize bias and ensure data collection is

objective.

Data Security and Storage

a. Implement appropriate measures to protect the security and integrity of collected data,

including power-protected files, encryption, and secure data storage facilities.

b. Have a clear data retention and disposal policy in place to ensure the responsible handling of

data after the study is complete.

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Ethical Review

and Oversight

a. When working with participants in Cabanatuan City, consider local cultural sensitivities and

ensure research methods are appropriate for the context.

b. If involving students in the study, obtain informed consent from both parents/guardians and the

students themselves, and ensure research procedures comply with relevant educational

regulations.

By carefully considering these ethical considerations and adhering to relevant guidelines, the

researchers can help ensure that the data collected for the “Mays subsp” study is reliable, valid, and

ethically sound. This will contribute to the overall quality of the research and its potential to benefit

society.

Burgos Avenue, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. 3100. Tel: (044) -464-3212. Local 131 23