Prima Latina

PRIMA
LATINA
Second Edition
|
Student Book
Leigh Lowe
Pines TRIVIUM CORE SERIES
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2022 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation
https://archive.org/details/primalatinaintro0000lowe
PRIMA LATINA
An Introduction to Christian Latin
Second Edition
STUDENT BOOK
By Leigh Lowe
CLASSICAL TRIVIUM CORE SERIES

Your Next Latin Program
Latina Christiana I
by Cheryl Lowe
Once you complete Prima Latina, the next recommended course is Latina Christiana I.
Latina Christiana flashcards may be used with Prima Latina
Prima Latina: Student Book

By Leigh Lowe
Published by:
Memoria Press
www.MemoriaPress.com
© 2002, 2003 by Memoria Press

All rights reserved.
Second Edition 2003

First Edition 2002
ISBN # 978-1-930953-51-2
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by

any means without written permission from the publisher.
Prima Latina |
2ND EDITION
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GRAMMAR OVERVIEW 71... eren erret tee tercr rne de nere cisci e err NEP RETE CET DOOR DRITTE V
STUDENT GOALS FOR: PRIMA LATINA ;..... Ree rovdre te ednen mod ute ND TTL VII
PRONUNCIATION RÜLES 1... ecrire venies eror ever e DRE TERRE ene re VIII
LESSON: 1 — [IHE JALPHABET os esiecsesivsnveetscceccacsscecpacvesessacsan

aer YYREPTR RTTIRTREDET EET DELETE 10
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LESSON 3 = VERBS LN EM ctu ee ne 18
LESSON 4 —'INvISIBLE VERBS ........... eite eetebecce citro sese mace EORR TETTE DEDE 22
LEssoN 5 —' LATIN VERBS 5... reiecit hebes db eee 26
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LESSON. 7. — LATIN: NOUNS iere terne dono eter T b PRECEPIT NOD EC DE 38
LESSON.9— DERIVATIVES ....-.c0sesereresessepensestecan
denen snaeere iresrcp UIS OTRO DEDE 42
LESSON. 9 — NUMBERS 1-5 ......... certe enne t nime ronem eroe s REPE YE REDIERE EOS DECRETO 46
LESSON 10 — NUMBERS 6-10.......... crecen rennen sor hrecenn there rata EP ORE EDITED 50
Review Lesson 2 (LESSONS 6-10) ..............55.
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LESSON 11 — PROPER NOUNS .......:1nsen aestum DUX 58

LESSON 12 — PREPOSITIONS............: eee eroert eren snechene c errare T rre DN ED ORO OTIO 62
LESSON- 13. — PRONOUNS .......... cce ere trii ductore eene NUT CUTEM 66
LESSON. 14. — ADJECTIVES ....:.. 51e rta cnn eor nette beer re SELIC T P NDD COD DL DD 70
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LESSON 16 — CONSTELLATIONS ........ recen rec nnne nne ee rre re nvrn ipee tra tues: TR RR nett ete == =e 82
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PREFACE
Prima Latina (A Latin precursor for young children)
Prima Latina is a preparatory course for Cheryl Lowe’s Latina Christiana. It is intended for teachers
with no background in Latin, and was developed for children in first through fourth grade. The
course was designed for students who are still becoming familiar with English grammar but are
competent readers. Its goal is to teach and reinforce an understanding of the basic parts of speech
while introducing Latin vocabulary and grammar. This course provides a solid foundation in
grammar before moving on to more advanced language and Latin skills. Prima Latina is an ideal
precursor to Latina Christiana, as the vocabulary and format are taken directly from the Latina
Christiana I text. The book is accompanied by an audio CD for pronunciation guidance. Latina
Christiana I Flashcards are an ideal study aid for Prima Latina and a great investment for the parent
or teacher who intends to use Latina Christiana I and II as successor.courses.
A great study aid is available from Memoria Press: Prima Latina Instructional DVDs, taught
by Leigh Lowe. Call your favorite curriculum provider or visit www.MemoriaPress.com for
information on these DVDs and other great Memoria Press books.
Prima Latina uses the clear and systematic format developed in Latina Christiana to introduce
Latin to young students. The course teaches students seven parts of speech, 125 Latin vocabulary
words, numbers 1 through 10, basic constellations, and simple introductions to tenses, derivatives,
conjugations, and declensions. Each of the 25 lessons consists of a new grammar skill, five
vocabulary words that correspond with the lesson, a practical Latin phrase, and one line of a prayer
that is learned in totality by the end of the chapter. The exercises that accompany each lesson are
thorough and provide constant review of materials learned throughout the course. The book includes
five review lessons, five tests, an appendix, and an answer key.
I hope that Prima Latina inspires in your child a love of the Latin language and provides a
foundation that proves helpful in many areas of study. I wish you the best of luck as you begin what
will hopefully be an enjoyable and fruitful study of Latin.
Ora et labora,
Bagh Fone
Leigh Lowe
GRAMMAR OVERVIEW
This grammar overview is designed for the teacher who has no background in Latin. It is not
necessary to understand itfully. Read carefully and then go on to the Teacher Guidelines. The
content of this section will become clear as you teach the course.
Ancient languages such as Latin and Greek are highly inflected. This means that the relationship be-
tween words (syntax) is shown by changing the endings of the words. In modern languages like English,
which have little inflection, the relationship between words is shown by word order and prepositions.
Cases of Nouns
In English we can change the end of a noun to make it plural or possessive. So girl can also be writ-
ten girls, girl S, or girls’. In pronouns we use different forms, such as he or him, for subject and object.
These are examples of inflection in English. In Latin there is much more inflection. The endings of
nouns change depending on their function in the sentence. The different functions a noun can perform in
a sentence are called cases.
Nominative case: nouns that are subjects or predicate nouns

Genitive case: nouns that are possessive
Dative case: nouns that are indirect objects
Accusative case: nouns that are direct objects / prep. ob.
Ablative case: nouns that are prepositional objects
Declensions
Writing a noun with all of its case endings in both the singular and plural is called DECLINING a noun.
The DECLENSION of puella (girl) in Latin is:
Singular Plural
Nom. puella (girl) puellae (girls)

Gen. puellae (of the girl / girl s) puellarum (of the girls / girls’)
Dat. puellae (to or for the girl) puellis (to or for the girls)
Acc. puellam (girl) puellas (girls)
Abl. puella (by, with, or from the girl) puellis (by, with, or from the girls)
In Latin there are FIVE DECLENSIONS—

groups of nouns that have the same or similar case endings.
The declension above is the FIRST DECLENSION. Students will learn two declensions in this book and
will learn the next three declensions in Book II.
Latin Word Order

Word order is very important in English because it indicates the function of the noun. The subject comes
first in the sentence.
The girl sees the queen. The queen sees the girl.
sub. d.o. sub. d.o.
GRAMMAR OVERVIEW
In Latin the subject and direct object are indicated by the case endings of the nouns, not the order of the
words. Both of the Latin sentences below mean the same thing even though the word order is different.
Puella reginam videt. Reginam puella videt.

Girl | queen sees Queen girl sees
sub. d.o. d.o. sub.
Both translate: The girl sees the queen. The direct object, reginam (queen), is signaled by the accusative
ending am, not by its position following the subject and verb.
Verbs
In Latin, the different forms of verbs are constructed by inflection, adding different endings to the verbs
rather than by adding helping verbs, as in English.
VOCO I call
vocabo I will call
vocabam I was calling
There are six tenses of verbs in Latin and English. This year we will learn three tenses.
Writing a verb with its endings which indicate person, number, tense, etc. is called conjugating a verb.
There are four groups of verbs that have the same or similar endings and they are called conjugations.
We will learn the first two CONJUGATIONS this year. Here is the FIRST CONJUGATION.
Present Tense
Singular Plural
1st Person voco I call vocamus we call
2nd Person vocas you call vocatis you call
3rd Person vocat X he, she, it calls vocant they call
vi
STUDENT GOALS FOR PRIMA LATINA
l. Learn basic Latin alphabet and pronunciation of vowels and

consonant sounds.
2. Pronounce, spell, and translate approximately 125 Latin words.
3. Learn 25 practical Latin expressions and 4 prayers in full.
4. Learn numbers 1 through 10.
5. Learn names of popular constellations.
6. Understand concept of derivatives, English words that are _ de-

rived from Latin.
7. Grammar
A. Learn to identify basic parts of speech including verbs,
nouns, prepositions, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and
conjunctions.
Recognize that conjugating is associated with verbs.
Recognize that declining is associated with nouns.
Memorize 1* declension noun endings.
Fs)
Ghee Memorize 1* conjugation verb endings.
PRONUNCIATION RULES
The Alphabet
The Latin alphabet has no w. Words with y are of Greek origin.
Vowels
In Christian Latin vowels are usually long.
Vowel Long Example

a father (ah) ambulo
e they (ay) deus
i machine (ee) via
o no (oh) toga
rule (00) luna
Sometimes the vowels e and i tend toward the short vowel sounds (Ed, if) as in mensa and et.
Diphthongs and Digraphs

Digraph Pronunciation Example
ae like e in they (ay) caelum
oe like e in they (ay) proelium
Dipththong
au like ou in cow (ow) laudo, nauta
Consonants
Most of the consonants are pronounced as in English, with the following exceptions.
Consonant Pronunciation Examples

e soft before e, i, ae, oe, like ch in charity decem, caelum
C hard before other letters, like c as in cut clamo, corona
g soft before e, i, ae, oe, like g as in germ regina, gemini
g hard before other letters like g as in go toga, navigo
gn like gn as in lasagne pugno
j like y as in yet Jesus, judico
S like s as in sing (never like z) tres, mensa
Sc like sh discipulus
t like tsee when followed by i and a vowel etiam
Vill
Prima Latina
Lessons
LESSON |- The Alphabet
Practical Latin
Salve! — Hello! (to one person)

Salvete! — Hello! (to more than one person)
Lesson — The Alphabet

The building blocks of any language are the letters used to make words.
The English Alphabet

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
The alphabet is made up of two types of letters:
vowels and consonants
A, E, I, O, U BCD FGH JKLMN PQRST VWXYZ

(all letters that are not vowels)
The Latin Alphabet

The Latin alphabet looks like the English alphabet EXCEPT:
There are only 25 /etters in the Latin alphabet.
The Latin alphabet has no W.
Latin has the same vowels as English, A, E, I, O, U, but they sound a little
different. Here are the Latin vowel sounds.
ve
Vowel Latin Sound

A ah, as in father
E ay, as in way
I ee, as in see
O oh, as in no
U 00, as in boo
** Remember
Latin E sounds like an English long A.
Latin I sounds like an English long E.
10
LESSON I- The Alphabet
Vocabulary
Practice saying the Latin vowels in each word.
1. ambulo
2. via
3. Deus
4. toga
5. luna
Latin Prayers ee
——
Oremus Let us pray

Say this before each prayer.
Derivatives
ambulance a vehicle to carry those who cannot walk to the hospital (n.)
viaduct a roadway or bridge on piers (n.)
deity a god (n.)
lunar having to do with the moon (adj.)
EXERCISES for Lesson |
Review Questions
1. How many letters are in the English alphabet?
2. How many letters are in the Latin alphabet?
3. What letter is missing from the Latin alphabet?
4. What are the two kinds of letters in the English alphabet?
Translation
l. toga
Deus
ambulo
luna
ate via
ire
Sem
CA
Speaking Latin Listen to the Lesson 1 track on your Prima Latina CD. ===
_| Practice saying the Latin vowel sounds in order: ah, ay, ee, oh, oo
Can you say them five times in a row?
How fast can you correctly say them?
..|Practice saying "Salve" or “Salvete” to your parents, brothers and

sisters, or friends this week.
Begin the prayer before each meal with *Oremus."
" Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times.
12
EXERCISES for Lesson |
Write and Learn
1. Write out the English alphabet.

Circle the vowels and underline the consonants.
2. Write out the Latin alphabet for practice. Make sure to leave out or cross out the W!
3. Write each vocabulary word and its meaning twice.

E
Fun Practice: Draw a line to match the letter with its Latin sound.
LESSON 2 - Consonants and Diphthongs
Practical Latin
Magister — Teacher (male) Magistra — Teacher (female)
Lesson — Consonants and Diphthongs
Consonant Sounds:
Consonants Latin Sound
c (before e, i, ae, & oe is soft) ch, as in charity

C (before all other letters is hard) k, as in cat
g (before e, i, ae, & oe is soft) g,asin germ
(before all other letters is hard) g, as in good
J y, as in yes
S S, as in soap
Compare the soft and hard sounds of c and g in Latin & English:
. The soft c in Latin sounds like ch as in charity.
. The soft c in English sounds like s as in ceiling.
. The hard c is the same in Latin and English.
. The soft and hard g are the same in Latin and English.
Diphthongs:
In Latin, sometimes two letters have only one sound.

These letter pairs are called diphthongs.
Diphthongs Latin Sound :

ae ay, as in way (English long A) E
oe ay, as in way (English long A) |
au ow, as in loud
LESSON 2 - Consonants and Diphthongs
Vocabulary
Practice saying the consonant sounds and diphthongs.
1. gloria glory
2. Jesus Jesus
3. laudo | praise
4. clamo | shout
5. caelum heaven
Latin Prayers (The Sanctus)

*Each week, learn the bold portion of the prayer and add it to what you know.
Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Holy, Holy, Holy

Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Lord God of Hosts.
Pleni sunt caeli et terra gloria Tua. Heaven and earth are full of Your glory.
Hosanna in excelsis. Hosanna in the highest.
Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.
Derivatives
glorious wonderful (adj.)

glorify to exalt, worship, or honor (v.)
Jesuit a Roman Catholic order for men, called the Society of Jesus (n.)
laud to praise (v.)
proclamation an official announcement (n.)
celestial heavenly (adj.)
15
EXERCISES for Lesson 2
Review Questions
1. How many letters are in the English alphabet?
2. What are the letters A, E, I, O, U called?
3. What does a Latin E sound like?
4. What does a Latin I sound like?
5. What does a Latin O sound like?
Lesson 2 Questions
2. What consonant is missing in the Latin alphabet?
3. What do you call two vowels that make one sound?
4. What does a J sound like in Latin?
5. List three diphthong pairs.
Translation
1. caelum
2. gloria
3. Jesus
4. laudo
5. clamo
Speaki ng Latin Listen to the Lesson 2 track on your Prima Latina CD. oM E ee
. |Think of an English word that uses the following Latin consonant sounds:
hard g, as in gloria
soft g, as surgite
soft c, as in caelum
hard c, as in clamo
el Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times.

. |Address your teacher as “Magister” or *Magistra" from now on.
-.|Practice saying the Latin Prayer from Lessons 1 and 2, the Sanctus, five times.
Write and Learn

l. Write the six Latin consonants in the lesson and the Latin sounds that go with them.
2. Write the three diphthongs in the lesson and the Latin sounds that go with them.

I:
Fun Practice
Think of a poem or song to help you remember the vowel sounds.
d
LESSON 3 - Verbs
Practical Latin
Surge — Stand up Surgite — Stand up

(to one person) (to more than one person)
“Remember, g before e and i is soft like g as in germ.
Lesson - Verbs
Now that you have mastered letters and sounds, you can start making words! In any
language, one of the most important kinds of words is a verb!
Without verbs we wouldn't get anything done!
Verbs are ACTION words. In many cases you can see the action.
Examples of action words:
run jump kick sing
An easy way to tell if a word is a verb is to write or say it in the blank below.
‘ Verb-Finder Sentence: Can I "
If the sentence makes sense, you probably have filled in the blank with a verb.
Examples:
Can I run? A YES, so run is a verb.
Can I jump? [ufYES, so jump is a verb.
Can I kick? A YES, so kick is a verb.
Can I table? x) NO, I cannot table.

This doesn’t make sense, so table is not a verb.
LESSON 3 - Verbs
Vocabulary
Notice the o at the end of the Latin verbs below:
1. navigo | sail
2. porto | carry
3. oro | pray
4. laboro | work
o. specto | look at

Derivatives
navigate to steer a ship or plane (v.)

navy a nation's ships OR a dark blue color (n.)
portable something that can be carried (adj.)
airport a place where aircraft land and take off (n.)
oral spoken, or having to do with the mouth (adj.)
oratory the art of public speaking (n.)
laboratory a place for scientific work or research (n.)
labor work; physical or mental exertion (n.)
spectacle a remarkable sight (n.)
spectacular remarkable, unusual (adj.)
I9
Review Questions
ik. List all the vowels in the English alphabet. ; ; ; :
2 . List the 3 diphthongs you learned about in Lesson 2. E ;
3. How many vowels make up one diphthong?
5 . How do you say “Hello, Teacher" (female) in Latin?
Lesson 3 Questions
Ir What are action words called?
2; What is the helpful Verb-Finder Sentence?
S What do you notice about all the words in the vocabulary list? Hint: They are all
verbs so they all end in the letter
. How do you say “Stand up" to one person in Latin?
Translation
Is Oro
2. laboro
3. porto
4. Specto
5 . navigo
Speaking Latin Listen to the Lesson 3 track on your Prima Latina CD) csessmesssseeememeesemacsacceceeeecassemeeees
Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice using the vowel and
consonant sounds you learned in Lessons 1 and 2.
(Specto has a short e sound, like eh.)
L| Every time you stand up today, practice saying “Surge.”
|.| Practice saying the Latin Prayer from Lessons 1, 2, and 3, the Sanctus, five times.
20
Write and Learn ’2eSpSmouooSs—

I:
2. Think up 5 English verbs that are not in Lesson 3. Write them in the Verb-Finder
Sentence below to make sure they are verbs. A sample has been done for you.
Verb-Finder Sentence Yes?
CanI jump ? wu
Can! ?
22 Cant Ü IY,
B cani i =
4. Can I ? a
Suc amT ? a
Fun Practice Circle the English verbs.
21
LESSON 4 - Invisible Verbs
Practical Latin
Vale — Goodbye Valete — Goodbye

(to one person) (to more than one person)
Lesson - Invisible Verbs
Some verbs are invisible verbs.

You cannot always see them in ACTION, but they are verbs nonetheless.
Invisible action words are still verbs; they are just less obvious.
Examples of some invisible verbs:
think hope pray love
Practice putting these verbs in our helpful Verb-Finder Sentence.
Verb-Finder Sentence: Can I 7
Can I think? uf YES! So think is a verb.
Can I hope? i YES! So hope is a verb.
Can I love? A YES! So love is a verb.
These words make sense in our Verb-Finder Sentence, so they are verbs. Even though
you can’t always see someone think, hope, or love, it is something they can do.
Is
LESSON 4 - Invisible Verbs
Vocabulary
Notice the o at the end of the Latin verbs below.
Tweamo | love
2. adoro | adore
3. habito | live in
4. judico | judge
5. paro | prepare


Derivatives
amorous full of love (adj.)

adoration great love or devotion (n.)
adorable lovable (adj.)
habitat a place where something or someone lives (n.)
Judicial having to do with judges, courts, and laws (adj.)
Judgment a decision or opinion (n.)
parachute a device used to slow the speed of someone jumping from an
airplane (n.)
preparation getting ready or making something in advance (n.)
23
Review Questions
i What are action words called?
2. What do you call two vowels that make one sound?
3. What letter is missing from the Latin alphabet?
4. What word means "Let us pray" in Latin?
Lesson 4 Questions
ik. How can you tell if a word that does not show action is a verb (an invisible verb)?
. What do you notice about all the Latin vocabulary words in Lesson 4?
(Hint: look at the endings again.)
. How do you say “Goodbye” to one person in Latin?

. How do you say“Goodbye” to your entire family in Latin?
5. What do you call verbs you can't see in action?
Translate
. habito
amo
paro
. judico
-kw
A . adoro
24
Speaking Latin Listen to the Lesson 4 track on your Prima Latina CD.
L| Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times.
.... Practice the vowel and consonant sounds you learned in Lessons 1 and 2.
say each five times.
La say "Goodbye" to your family in Latin this week.
-. |Practice saying the Latin Prayer from Lessons 1 through 4, the Sanctus, five times.
Write and Learn
l. Write each vocabulary word and its meaning twice.
n
2. Think of eight invisible verbs in English. Write them on the lines below. Use the
Verb-Finder Sentence to make sure you are listing verbs.
Fun Practice
Get your favorite storybook. Find six invisible verbs while you read.
29
LESSON 5 — Latin Verbs
Practical Latin
discipulus — student discipuli — students

(sc has a sh sound)
Lesson — Latin Verbs
ENGLISH VERBS
In English, verbs can start with any letter, end with any letter, and be as long or short
as any other word.
English verbs look the same as any other English word.

Because you can’t tell an English verb by looking at it, we have to use our special
Verb-Finder Sentence.
LATIN VERBS
In Latin, verbs in their dictionary form look similar.
In a vocabulary list, Latin verbs all end in the letter o.
So, in English, we have to decide if a word is a verb by thinking about it.

But, in this book, we can usually decide if a Latin word is a verb by simply
looking at it.
26
LESSON 5 —- Latin Verbs
Vocabulary
Notice the o at the end of the Latin verbs below.
. libero | free
. Rarro | tell
. pugno | fight
. Supero | conquer
. VOCO | call

Benedictus qui venit in Blessed is he who comes in
nomine Domini. the name of the Lord.
Derivatives
liberty freedom (n.)

narrate to tell about a story or event (v.)
narrator the person telling about the story or event (n.)
pugnacious in a fighting spirit (adj.)
superior excellent (adj.)
vocal something to do with speaking or singing (adj.)
vocabulary a list of words (n.)
a
Review Questions
ie How would you describe a verb?
2) Name two types of letters in the alphabet.
D. List three Latin action verbs you have learned so far.
. List three Latin invisible verbs you have learned so far.
. How do you say “Goodbye, Teacher" (male) in Latin?
Lesson 5 Questions
It In what letter do all simple Latin verbs end?
2. Is the letter at the end of all English verbs the same?
3: What is the Latin word for one student?
4 . What is the Latin word for many students?
Translate
VOCO
2 . Supero
9. hairro
4. pugno
5 libero
Speaki ng Latin Listen to the Lesson 5 track on your Prima Latina CD.
E Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice the vowel and
consonant sounds you learned in Lessons 1 and 2.
Es Practice saying the Latin Prayer from Lessons 1 through 5, the Sanctus, five times.
28
Write and Learn

ik
2. Think of eight verbs you performed today. Write them below, in the order you
completed them. Put an A by the action verbs and an I by the invisible verbs.
Fun Practice
Circle the Latin verbs.
paro Roma
herba aqua laboro
specto navigo memoria
Italia laudo lingua
29
REVIEW LESSON 1 (Lessons 1-5)
Vocabulary
Verbs Nouns
laudo I praise via road
clamo I shout Deus God
ambulo I walk toga toga
navigo I sail luna moon
porto I carry gloria glory
oro I pray Jesus Jesus
laboro I work caelum heaven
specto I look at
amo I love
adoro I adore
habito I live in Latin Song on Lingua Angelica CD
judico I judge “Dona Nobis Pacem”
paro
I prepare - Grant us Peace
libero [free
narro I tell
pugno I fight
supero I conquer
VOCO I call
Practical Latin
salve hello (to one person)
salvete hello (to more than one person)
magister teacher (male)
magistra teacher (female)
surge stand up (to one person)
surgite stand up (to more than one person)
vale goodbye (to one person)
valete goodbye (to more than one person)
discipulus student
discipuli students
Latin Prayers — The Sanctus

30
EXERCISES for Review Lesson | (Lessons 1-5)
Copy all vocabulary words and translate.

Extra: Write one derivative next to each word.
Word Translation Derivative
So
I
roc
ac
=HH
LV
VN
LHME
OQIo
ogyUuU
R2.
R23
FOX
Lm
be
RÀ
S|
eA
S|
=|
T cuc
R0
im
o
al
B. Answer the following questions in English.
— . How many letters are in the Latin alphabet?

. What letter is missing from the Latin alphabet?
How many vowels are there?
. What does a J sound like in Latin?
. What does an E sound like in Latin?
What does an I sound like in Latin?
. What are the two kinds of letters?
. What are words that show action called?
oy . In what letter do all simple Latin verbs end?

NEIN
IOENC
Cb
o»
OE
10. What sentence helps you determine if a word is a verb?
. Practice saying the Sanctus completely.

Say it five times from memory. Write it once in Latin for practice.
32
D. Answer the following questions in Latin.
1. What do you say when you first see someone?

. What would you call your female teacher?
. What would you call your male teacher?
. What does your teacher tell the class before the Pledge of Allegiance?
. What do you say when you are leaving your entire family?
What do you say when you are leaving a friend?
t
oU
Hn
I What do you call yourself when you are in school?
E. Lingua Angelica Extra:

Sing "Dona Nobis Pacem" with the CD.
Write the Latin words once and translate.
33
LESSON 6 — Nouns
Practical Latin
Deo gratias — Thanks be to God
Lesson — Nouns
Without nouns there would be no need for verbs. Who or what would do the ACTION?
You are a noun. Your house, your dog, and your pencil are nouns too.
A noun is a PERSON, a PLACE, or a THING.

Our Noun-Finder asks 3 questions:
Tr Is ita PERSON?
21 Is ita PLACE?
3) Is ita THING?
If the answer is yes to just one of the questions, the word is a noun.
Example: girl
Is it a person? rj Yes! A girl is a person, so girl is a noun.
Example: flower
Is it a person? No, a flower is not a person.
Is it a place? No, a flower is not a place.
Is it a thing? «AX
x Yes! A flower is a thing, so flower is a noun.
Example: jump
Is it a person? No, a jump is not a person.
Is it a place? No, a jump is not a place.
Is it a thing? Ix]
xx No, a jump is not a thing, so jump is NOT a
noun.
34
LESSON 6 — Nouns
Vocabulary
Notice the a ending on each of these Latin nouns below.
1. regina queen
2. Stella star
. Silva forest
. terra earth
. unda wave
. vita life
Latin Prayers (The Doxology)

Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father,
et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. Son, and Holy Spirit.
Sicut erat in principio, As it was in the beginning,
et nunc, et semper, is now, and ever shall be,
et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. world without end. Amen.
Derivatives
regal like a king or queen; befitting royalty (adj.)

stellar having to do with a star; outstanding (adj.)
constellation a group of stars that form a picture (n.)
Pennsylvania a state of the Northeast U.S. (proper noun)
territory area of land (n.)
undulate to move in a wave-like motion (v.)
vital extremely important (ad].)
vitamin a natural substance that is essential to health (n.)
35
Review Questions
ib Practice saying all the vowel sounds in Latin.
Practice saying the six Latin consonant sounds from Lesson2.
How do you say "Stand up" (to many) in Latin?
How do you say “Let us pray" in Latin?
p?
UE
NE How do you say “Hello, students" (to many) in Latin?
Lesson 6 Questions
ie A noun is a A Or
24 List five nouns you can see right now.
. What are the three questions we use to see if a word is a noun?

[3
pis
3.
. In the Noun-Finder, how many questions have to be YES for a word to be a noun?
. What kind of noun are you: a person, place, or thing?
Translate
ib unda
2 . terra
3 . Stella
4. vita
5 . Silva
6 . regina
36
| Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
..| Practice saying the Latin Prayer from Lesson 6, the Doxology, five times.
Write it once with the English translation.
| Say “Deo gratias" when you are thankful this week.
Write and Learn
Write each vocabulary word and its meaning twice.

13
Fun Practice
Draw a picture of your neighborhood. Label all of the nouns.
37
LESSON 7 - Latin Nouns
Practical Latin
mea culpa — my fault
Lesson — Latin Nouns
Like verbs, we can recognize Latin nouns in their dictionary forms by their endings.
In Latin, there are five groups of nouns.
In the first group, all of the nouns end in A.
English nouns are like English verbs; they can end in any letter. In the example
below, notice that both of the Latin nouns end in a, but the endings for the English
words are different.
Example:
Latin Noun English Noun
aqua water
patria country
So, again, in English we have to decide if a word is a noun by thinking about it.
But in this book, we can decide if a Latin word is a noun by simply /ooking at it.
38
LESSON 7 - Latin Nouns
Vocabulary
Notice the a at the end of the Latin nouns below.
. aqua water
. cena dinner
. corona crown
. mensa table
. patria country, fatherland

Derivatives
aquarium a tank for keeping water animals (n.)

aquatic relating to or being in water (adj.)
coronation the crowning of a king/queen (n.)
patriot someone who loves his/her country (n.)
patriotic showing love for one's country (adj.)
39
Review Questions
1. What consonant is missing from the Latin alphabet?
In what letter do simple verbs end in Latin?
What does a J sound like in Latin?
What do we call verbs that have action but do not show it?
(9
ae How many vowels are there in the alphabet?
Lesson 7 Questions
ik. Name three ways to identify a noun.
Itisa : SOL
Dt In what letter do many simple Latin nouns end?
Translate
ip mensa
patria
aqua
corona
Lis
pea
ae
et cena
Spea king Latin Listen to the Lesson 7 track on your Prima Latina CD.
Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
. |Practice saying the Latin Prayer from Lessons 6 and 7, the Doxology, five times.
|.|Say “mea culpa” whenever you make a mistake this week.
40
Write and Learn

Li
Fun Practice
Write a list (in English) of six nouns you see in the room.
Check A person, place, or thing for each noun.
Noun Person, Place, or Thing?

person || place m thing
person |jplace thing
person place | thing
person || place thing
[ ]person. |. place thing
| |person place |jthing
41
LESSON 8 - Derivatives
Practical Latin
amicus - friend amici — friends
Lesson — Derivatives
Derivatives are English words that come from Latin root words.
A derivative looks like its Latin root word and has a similar or related meaning.
You have been learning derivatives since Lesson 1!
Following are some derivatives for the vocabulary words in this book.
Notice the similarities in the spelling and meaning between the Latin root words and
their derivatives.
Latin Word English Derivative Translation
1. vita vita min life

a vitamin is a natural substance necessary for life
2. terra territory earth
a territory is an area of land
3. navigo navigate I sail
to navigate is to steer a ship or plane
4. porto portable I carry
portable is something able to be moved or carried
5. oro oral I pray
oral is having to do with the mouth
6. laboro laboratory I work
a laboratory is a place where scientists work
7. specto spectator I look at
a spectator is someone who watches an event
42
LESSON 8 - Derivatives
Vocabulary
Consider the English derivatives of these words.
Latin Word English Derivative Translation
1. herba herb plant
2. injuria injury injury
3. femina | female, feminine woman
4. nauta nautical, navy sailor
5. fortuna . fortune, fortunate luck

43
Review Questions
1. What is an action word called?
Which of the two kinds of letters, vowel or consonant, is the letter S?
What is a person, place, or thing?
How do you say “my fault” in Latin?
CM
NO
c-rHow do you say “Thanks be to God” in Latin?
Lesson 8 Questions
1. What do you call an English word that has a similar meaning to, and spelling as, a
Latin word?
What is a derivative of nauta?
What is a derivative of herba?
What is a derivative of femina?
What is a derivative of fortuna?
e What is a derivative of injuria?

vrl
en
mm
ed
E
Translate
l. femina
2. fortuna
3. injuria
4. nauta
5. herba
44
m Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
- |Tell your friends “Hello” and "Goodbye" in Latin all week. Use the Latin word
for friend when you have the chance.
Write and Learn zZ2———————————————————————

Write each vocabulary word and its meaning twice. Write the derivatives next to
the word each time.
Fun Practice
Can you think of other derivatives for the Latin vocabulary words you have learned?
On a separate sheet of paper, list the derivatives with the corresponding Latin word.
45
LESSON 9 - Numbers 1-5
Practical Latin
Sedete — Sit down

(to many)
Lesson — Numbers 1-5
This week we will learn the numbers one through five (1-5) in Latin.
Vocabulary
Numbers
1. unus 1 (one) :
2. duo 2 (two)
3. tres 3 (three)
4. quattuor 4 (four)
5. quinque 5 (five)
46

Derivatives
unite to join or make one (v.)

unicorn a mythical creature with one horn (n.)
dual double (adj.)
tertiary third (ad].)
trio a group of three (n.)
quartet a group of four (n.)
quarter a fourth of something (n.)
quintuplets five babies born at the same time from the same mother (n.)
47
Respond to the following questions in Latin.

Ir How do you say “Thanks be to God"?
2 . What do you call a group of your playmates?
E How do you say “Hello, students"?

4 . What is the opposite of “Stand up"?
quinque
duo
tres
quattuor
AUS
ert
lle
a unus
Spea king Latin Listen to the Lesson 9 track on your Prima Latina CD.
Count from 1 to 5, five times. Practice your pronunciation.
Practice saying the Latin Prayer from Lessons 6 through 9, the Doxology, five times.
Say “Sedete” each time you sit down this week.
Write and Learn
Write the words for numbers 1-5 in Latin five times each.
ly
nd
LM
ae
48
Fun Practice
Draw a picture to illustrate each noun below.
Write a Latin description by each picture.
Note
In English, we add an s to make a noun plural.
In Latin, we add an ae to make the nouns you've learned plural.
(As you progress in Latin, you will learn several endings to make nouns plural.)
Example: 4 moons - quattuor lunae
4 queens
5 earths
49
LESSON 10 - Numbers 6-10
Practical Latin
Anno Domini, A.D. — |n the year of our Lord
Lesson — Numbers 6-10
Notice how some Latin numbers resemble the names of the months of our calendar.
Vocabulary
6 (six)
7 (seven)
8 (eight)
9 (nine)
10 (ten)
50

Derivatives
semester historically a six-month term of school (15 to 18 weeks now) (n.)

September the seventh month of the Roman calendar (n.)
October the eighth month of the Roman calendar (n.)
octagon an eight-sided figure (n.)
November the ninth month of the Roman calendar (n.)
December the tenth month of the Roman calendar (n.)
decimal based on the number 10 (adj.); a number in the decimal system (n.)
si
Review Questions
Use the Latin numbers 1-10 to answer the following questions.
1. How old are you?
. How many ears do you have?
. How many siblings do you have? (use "nullus" for none)
. How many toes do you have?
. How many ice cream scoops do you want?
aA
vC
d
N
Lesson 10 Questions
What Latin number corresponds with the following months?
1. November |
2. October
3. September
4 . December
|_| Say the numbers 1 through 10 in Latin five times. Practice your pronunciation.
_| Practice saying the entire Doxology five times.
Write and Learn
1. Write the numbers 1 through 5 in Latin three times. Write the number next to the word
22
2. Write the numbers 6 through 10 in Latin five times. Write the number next to the word.
3. Write the entire Doxology one time.
4. Write down the birthdays of five special people. Write A.D. at the end of each to
signify that the person was born after the birth of Christ.
Fun Practice
Look around your house and count how many of the following items you have.
Write the quantity in Latin.
1. televisions 5. bicycles
2. brooms 6. couches
3. bedrooms 7. fishing poles
4. toothbrushes 8. automobiles
53
Vocabulary
Nouns Numbers
regina queen atm one
stella star d Pe
silva forest p i
terra earth tres three
unda wave quattuor four
Vs water quinque five
cena dinner
corona crown sag Ee
mensa table septem seven
patria country octo eight
herba plant novem nine
injuria injury
femina woman decem in
nauta sailor
fortuna luck Latin Song “Christus Vincit”
vita life Christus vincit - Christ conquers
Christus regnat - Christ reigns
Christus imperat - Christ rules
Practical Latin
Deo gratias Thanks be to God
mea culpa my fault
amicus friend
amici friends
Sedete Sit down (to many)
Anno Domini (A.D.) In the year of our Lord
Latin Prayers — The Doxology
54
EXERCISES for Review Lesson 2 (Lessons 6-10)
A. Copy all vocabulary words and translate.

I:
2.
3;
4.
3.
6.
if
8.
2
— —
NO
oL
om
Lm
mA
— rgo
cg
Eq
sna,
wc
e
NON
ZI
RN
NNN
Sn
pe
55
1. What part of speech is a person, place, or thing?

2. In what letter do nouns you have learned end?
3. Name four months that are derivatives of Latin numbers.
, ?
C. Practice saying the Doxology completely.

Say it five times from memory. Write it once in Latin.
D. Answer the following questions in Latin.
1. How could you end a prayer?

. What do you call people you like?
. What do you do when you say the Pledge of Allegiance?
. What do you say when you make a mistake and take responsibility for it?
bv
£o
5. What is the complete way to write what year this is?
(Hint: Is it before or after the birth of Christ?)
E. Lingua Angelica Extra: Sing "Christus Vincit" with the CD.

56
Notes
e
LESSON 11 - Proper Nouns
Practical Latin
Veni, vidi, vici — | came, | saw, | conquered

(Julius Caesar)
Lesson — Proper Nouns
A proper noun is a noun that names a specific person, place, or thing.
(Nouns that are not proper nouns are called “common nouns.” The nouns we have
learned about so far are common nouns.)
Example: girl
The noun girl can refer to any girl. Girl is a common noun.
The noun Sylvia refers only to the girl named Sylvia.

Sylvia is a proper noun.
An easy way to recognize a proper noun is by a CAPITAL LETTER for the first
letterof the word.
Note: A common noun may have a capital first letter if it is at the beginning of
a sentence, but, if it doesn’t refer to a specific person, place, or thing, it is still a
common noun.
Let’s think of some other noun/proper noun pairs.

Common Noun Proper Noun
country Italy
state Tennessee
girl Sarah Hughes
boy Julius Caesar
book Prima Latina
game Monopoly
58
LESSON 11 - Proper Nouns
Vocabulary
Notice the capital letters.
1. Roma Rome
2. Italia Italy
3. Maria Mary
4. Marcus Marcus
5. Hispania Spain
Latin Prayers (The Table Blessing)
Benedic, Domine, nos Bless us, O Lord,

et haec Tua dona and these Your gifts
quae de Tua largitate which from Your bounty
sumus sumpturi. we are about to receive.
Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.
Derivatives
Roman having to do with Rome (adj.); a person of Rome (n.)

Italian having to do with Italy (adj.); a person of Italy (n.)
Spanish having to do with Spain (adj.); a person of Spain (n.)
Hispanic having to do with Latin-America or Spain; a person of
Latin-America or Spain (n.)
29
EXERCISES for Lesson | |
Review Questions
What kind of word is each of the following: noun, verb, or proper noun?
abd
2. jump
3. Rome
4. love
5. Mary
Lesson 11 Questions
1. A noun that names a specific person, place, or thing is called a noun.
2. List three Latin proper nouns you know. : :
3. What is an easy way to recognize a proper noun?
4. Write a proper noun for each of the following nouns.
boy
restaurant
book
city
Translate
1. Roma
. Maria
. Hispania
. Marcus
W.
nA
WN
d Italia
Speaking Latin Listen to the Lesson 11 track on your Prima Latina CD. zu
|.|Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
. | Practice saying the Practical Latin Saying “Veni, vidi, vici" each time you
accomplish something difficult.
. | Practice saying the Latin Prayer from Lesson 11, the Table Blessing, before your
mealtime prayer.
60
EXERCISES for Lesson | I
Write and Learn

[-
Fun Practice
Write a list of ten common nouns. Match each with an appropriate proper noun.
Common Noun Proper Noun

Example: city Atlanta
I"
D.
B:
4.
ay
6.
7
8.
D
10.
61
LESSON 12 - Prepositions
Practical Latin
Quo vadis? — Where are you going?
Lesson — Prepositions
Prepositions are words that show a RELATIONSHIP between two words.

It helps to first think of prepositions as words that show the location or position of
something. This is easy to remember because the word position is in the word
preposition.
Examples of prepositions are:
For example, think of a noun-let's say, “desk.”

Now, let’s think of where the desk is ...
Is the desk under the roof?

Is it on the floor?
Is it flying in the air?
Is it by the wall?
The benefit of prepositions is that they help us know where the desk is located.
62
LESSON 12 - Prepositions
Vocabulary
These are Latin prepositions.
1. inter between
2. sub under
3. supra above
4. ex out of
5. contra against

Derivatives
interrupt to make a break in conversation or action (v.)

intermediate in the middle (adj.)
submarine underwater ship (n.)
subway underground railway (n.)
superb above average; excellent (adj.)
exit a way out (n.); to leave (v.)
extraordinary out of the ordinary; very unusual (adj.)
contrary opposite or different (adj.)
contrast to compare unlike things (v.)
63
Review Questions
Answer the following questions in English.

1. What is a word that shows action called?
2. Who said “Veni, vidi, vici"?
3. What is a specific person, place, or thing?
4. What is an English word with a similar spelling and meaning to a Latin word?
Lesson 12 Exercises
Use an English preposition in the vocabulary list to write a sentence describing the
location of the following nouns. You decide where each item is located.
Example: The girl is in the house.
. table
moon
toga
. queen
cRw
MA boy
Translate
I . Supra
2. contra
3 inter
4. sub
5 ex
64
Speaking Latin Listen to the Lesson 12 track on your Prima Latina CD. mm
__ Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
— Say the Latin Prayer from Lessons 11 and 12, the Table Blessing, before your
mealtime prayer.
..| When you change locations this week, use Latin prepositions to identify where
you are.
Write and Learn

i
Fun Practice
Draw a picture of a school scene on another sheet of paper. Describe the nouns in
your picture using prepositions. Example: The floor is under the desk.
65
LESSON 13 - Pronouns
alma mater — nurturing mother
Lesson — Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or pronoun.

It refers to a person, place, or thing without actually saying a name.
English pronouns include:

I we
you (S.) you (pl.)
he they
she
it
Example: Let's talk about Mary and her dog.
EN.could say, Mary is pretty. Mary is 8 years old.

Mary has a dog. Mary's dog has red hair.
But it is easier to take a break from using her name and use pronouns.
Mary is pretty. She is 8 years old. She has a dog.

It has red hair. |
Pronoun letters are at the end of verbs in Latin.

You will learn later that using pronoun letters is the first step in conjugating verbs.
Singular (s.) and Plural (pl.)

Notice that you is listed twice in the English pronouns, once as singular (s.)
and once as plural (pl.). You is tricky because it can be singular or plural.
The pronoun you is singular or plural based on who is being addressed.
Singular you is addressed to one person. If Mary’s mom tells her:

“You have homework to do.” She is addressing a single person, Mary.
Plural you is addressed to more than one person. If Mary’s teacher tells her class:
“You have homework to do.” She is talking to a group of people, the class.
66
LESSON 13 - Pronouns
Grammar
These are verb endings (pronoun letters) in Latin. They go on the end of verbs and
tell us which pronoun goes with a Latin verb. You will learn how to use these in the
chapter on conjugating verbs. For now, just memorize the pronoun letters.
you (s.)
he, she, it
We
Latin Prayers (The Table Blessing) Z————————————————————

67
Review Questions

ike What is an action word called?
2. What is a specific noun called?
3. What kind of word shows relationship?
4. What is a word that replaces a noun?
5 . What letter is missing from the Latin alphabet?
Lesson 13 Questions
Write the pronoun that would best replace the underlined words in the following sentence:
il. The boy climbed a tree.
. The girls ran across the field.
. My family goes to church.

. My desk is in the classroom.
A.
WN
d
W Suzie drives a car.
Translate
What Latin verb endings (pronoun letters) correspond to the following pronouns?
1 . you (singular)
D wl
3 . we
4. he, she, it
5 . they
6 . you (plural)
68
__ Say each verb ending and its corresponding pronoun five times.
Write and Learn
Write each verb ending and its corresponding pronoun twice.

]:
Fun Practice
Write a song or poem to help you remember the verb endings.
69
LESSON 14 - Adjectives
Practical Latin
stupor mundi — wonder of the world
Lesson — Adjectives
Adjectives are words used to modify (or change) nouns or pronouns.

Adjectives DESCRIBE a person, place, or thing.
They can be colors, sizes, numbers, or shapes, for example.
Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns and make them more interesting.
For example, think of a city. What kind of a city is it?
The words you use to describe it are adjectives.
Below, the adjectives are in bold print.

Is it hot?
Is it big?
Is it old?
Is it crowded?
Now, think of your room. Think of some adjectives to describe it.

What color is it?
What shape is it?
How big is it?
70
LESSON 14 - Adjectives
Vocabulary
Here are some Latin adjectives.
1. altus high, deep
2. multus much, many
3. bonus good
4. longus long
5. novus new

Derivatives
altitude height (n.)

multiply to increase (v.)
bonus something extra (n.)
longitude imaginary lines that run vertically on a globe (n.)
innovation a new invention (n.)
novice beginner (n.)
novel new and unusual (adj.)
pud
Review Questions
1s Practice saying the Sanctus from memory.
2s Write the Sanctus in full and translate.
Lesson 14 Questions
1. What is another word for modify?
2. What do adjectives do?
Bs What two kinds of words do adjectives modify?
4 . List three adjectives that describe you.
List three adjectives that describe your house.
] . longus
2 . bonus
d: novus
4 Ex altus
5 . multus
72.
__ Say the vocabulary words five times. Practice your pronunciation.

__ Practice saying “wonder of the world" in Latin.
Write and Learn

is
Fun Practice
Circle the words that may be adjectives.
jump
square book
good long
13
LESSON 15 — Adverbs
Practical Latin
nunc aut numquam — now or never
Lesson — Adverbs
Adverbs are words that modify (or change) VERBS. This is easy to remember
because the word VERB is in the word ADVERB.
Adverbs describe how, where, when, or why a verb happens.

Many English adverbs can be identified by the letters ly at the end.
For example, let’s choose a verb: walk

Now, let’s think of the different ways you can walk.
You may want to practice these.
You can:
walk quickly walk slowly
walk loudly walk quietly
walk proudly walk sadly
All the words above are adverbs. See how they modify or change the verb walk?
Adverbs can also tell when a verb happens.
Examples of this kind of adverb are:

now never
often always
Now, let’s think of how these adverbs can modify walk.

You can:
walk now never walk
walk often always walk
74
LESSON 15 — Adverbs
Vocabulary
Here are some Latin adverbs.
. clam secretly
numquam never
nunc now
. Saepe often
. semper always

75
Review Questions
] . Answer the following questions in Latin.
D . What is Julius Caesar's most famous quote?
Sy How do you say “Where are you going?”
4 . How do you say “nurturing mother” in Latin?
5 . What is the opposite of "surgite"?
Lesson 15 Questions
I: What kinds of words do adverbs change or modify?
y. What is an easy way to remember what kind of word adverbs change?
3) Name four things an adverb tells you.

4. What is an easy way to recognize some English adverbs?
Translate
. Saepe
. Semper
nunc
clam
. numquam
art
.. |Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
__ Say the Table Blessing in full before your meals this week.
Practice saying “now or never" in Latin when there is something you need to finish.
76
Write and Learn

I:
2. Write the Table Blessing once in Latin. Recite it from memory in English
Fun Practice
Decide if the words below are adjectives or adverbs. Check HUfeeidier "adjective" or
*adverb" next to each word.
soon E adjective adverb always adjective adverb

quietly adjective | Jadverb cold adjective adverb
purple |. Jadjective [ Jadverb quickly adjective | — adverb
big adjective | ladverb small adjective |. adverb
slowly End]adjective . Jadverb often |Jadjective | adverb
7T]
Vocabulary and Grammar
Proper Nouns Pronouns/Verb Endings

Roma Rome 9 I
Italia Italy S you
Maria Mary t he, she, it
Marcus Mark US Ms
Hispania Spain üs you (plural)
nt they
Prepositions
Adverbs
inter between
sub under clam secretly
supra above numquam never
ex out of nunc |. nOW
contra against saepe often
semper always
Adjectives
altus high, deep Latin Song Refrain of “Adeste Fideles"
bonus good Venite adoremus - O come let us adore Him,
multus much Venite adoremus - O come let us adore Him,
longus long Venite adoremus - O come let us adore Him,
novus new Dominum - Christ the Lord.
Practical Latin
Veni, vidi, vici I came, I saw, I conquered

Quo vadis? Where are you going?
alma mater nurturing mother
stupor mundi wonder of the world
nunc aut numquam now or never
Latin Prayers - The Table Blessing

Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. — Through Christ our Lord. Amen.
78

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at
een
eye
ORS
el
A
E
cC
PWN
NO
FE
mA
om
Lm
—
A
mRADA
SO
NON
oe
Aa
h2
ht
NSUY
ene
ant
M
79
EXERCISES FOR REVIEW LESSON 3 (Lessons 11-15)
1. What is a word that names a specific person, place, or thing?

2. What part of speech shows relationship and location?
3. What part of speech describes a noun or pronoun?
4. What part of speech describes a verb?
C. Practice saying the Table Blessing completely.

Say it three times in Latin and three times in English from memory.

Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. — Through Christ our Lord. Amen
D. Fill in blanks in Latin. Be sure to review your Latin Sayings.
1. What can you say when you accomplish something hard?

What is the Latin saying for “nurturing mother"?
. What can you say when you must get something finished?
. What can you call something beautiful, like a rainbow?
. How do you ask where someone is going?
E. Lingua Angelica Extra: Sing the Refrain of "Adeste Fideles" with the CD.
80
Notes
81
LESSON 16 - Constellations
Practical Latin
Semper Fidelis | — Always Faithful

(Marine Corps motto)
Lesson — Constellations
Constellations are groups of stars that form pictures in the sky. They often have fan-
tastic myths created by the very early Greek and Roman civilizations to explain them.
Scientists and sailors use constellations to map the sky.
Pictures of the Constellations
Aquarius - water carrier Aries - ram | Cancer - crab

Aquarius, or Ganymede, was This ram may have been the In his second labor, Hercules
the cupbearer to the gods. one whose golden fleece was attacked by this giant
was the object of Jason's crab sent by Hera.
quest.
Capricorn - goat Gemini - twins _ Virgo - maiden, virgin

Pan changed himself into a Zeus placed the Gemini twins, The goddess of justice who
goat with a fish's tail. Castor and Pollux, together in believed in people
the sky so they would never be
separated again.
82
LESSON 16 - Constellations
Vocabulary
Here are the names of some constellations.
1. Aquarius water carrier
2. Aries ram
3. Cancer crab
4. Capricorn goat
5. Gemini twins
6. Virgo maiden, virgin
Latin Prayers (The Our Father or Lord’s Prayer)
Pater Noster qui es in Caelis Our Father who is in Heaven

Sanctificetur nomen Tuum Hallowed be Your name
Adveniat regnum Tuum May Your kingdom come
Fiat voluntas Tua Your will be done
Sicut in Caelo et in terra As in Heaven and on earth
83
Review Questions
1. What do you call words that modify verbs?
2. In what letter do simple Latin verbs end?
3. In what letter do nouns in our first group end?
4. What do you call a word that shows a relationship or location?
5 . What do you call a word that describes a noun?
Lesson 16 Questions
1. What is a constellation?
2. Who named them and told stories to explain them?
3. Where can you see a constellation?
Translate Z—————
————————— Á
M——— — — M—
Latin English
84
|.| Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
|.|Look for bumper stickers with “Semper Fidelis" or “Semper Fi" on them this week.
Say the Marine Corps motto when you see it.
Write and Learn

lr
Eun BEACIIGO! — e -.-.-:LL.LLL.LCLákàolCK])k&ák
Look in a science book to see pictures of the constellations. Draw and label the
pictures you find.
85
LESSON 17 - More Constellations
Practical Latin
Repetite — Repeat
(to many)
Lesson — More Constellations
Note the short mythical stories beneath each constellation. A myth is a traditional,
ancient tale about supernatural beings or heroes.
Pictures of the Constellations
Leo - lion Libra - scales ofjustice Pisces - fish

The lion Hercules fought for Scales used to weigh Aphrodite and Eros changed
three days and three nights good and evil themselves into fish to
escape a monster.
The Sagittarius archer

brave and wise centaur ,Stomo scorpion
corp) A 2 l e nunter ae Taurus bul
ee imself into a
Chiron, who tutored Achilles, eu ull to woo Europa.

Hercules, and Asclepius
86
LESSON 17 - More Constellations
Vocabulary
Here are names of more constellations.
1. Leo lion
2. Libra scales of justice
3. Pisces fish
4. Sagittarius archer
5. Scorpio scorpion
6. Taurus bull

87
Review Questions
1. Practice saying the Table Blessing.
2. Write the Table Blessing in full and translate.
Translate
Latin English
88
__| Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
| | Politely say “Repeat” in Latin this week when you need someone to repeat what
they have said.
Write and Learn

I,
Fun Practice
Look in a science book to see pictures of this week's constellations. On a separate

piece of paper, draw and label the pictures you find.
89
LESSON 18 - To Be Verb
Practical Latin
Quid agis? — How are you?
Lesson — To Be Verb
The verb to be is the most common verb in any language. The to be verb shows
existence, not action. This verb explains how we are, not how we act.
For example:
I am a girl.
You are tall.
She is pretty.
He is short.
We are a family.
They are happy.
Notice there are no other verbs in these sentences.

The words is, am, and are take the place of an action or invisible verb.
Below are all the English forms of the to be verb in the present tense.
Singular Plural
I am we
you (s.) are you (pl.)
he, she, it is they
In Latin, the fo be verb is irregular. If you look carefully at the to be verb, you will
notice later that the endings resemble Latin verb endings.
90
LESSON 18 - To Be Verb
Vocabulary
Notice the highlighted endings.
lam
you (s.) are
he, she, it is
we are
you (pl.) are
they are
Latin Prayers (The Our Father or Lord's Prayer)

9]
Review Questions
Answer the following questions in Latin.

[A What do you call your friends?
2. What does “A.D.” mean?
3. What is the Marine Corps motto?
4. How do you say “Repeat” (to many) in Latin?
S . How do you say “Goodbye, Teacher" (male) in Latin?
Lesson 18 Questions
Le What is the most common verb in any language?

2. What does the to be verb show?
Translate
Check f whether each verb is singular or plural.
l. estis singular plural
Doses singular plural
3. sunt singular |. |plural
4. sum singular E plural
5. sumus singular plural
6. est singular plural
Notes
97
|... Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
__ Ask your family and friends “How are you?” in Latin this week.
Write and Learn

l.
Fun Practice
Find your favorite storybook. Read the first three pages and count how many times
you see the fo be verb in the present tense. Look for the words is, am, and are.
93
LESSON 19 — To Be Able To / | Can
Practical Latin
satis bene — very well
Lesson - To Be Able To / | Can
Sometimes we like to talk about the things we are able to do, the things we can do.
For instance, here are some of the things I can do:

I can swim.
I am able to ride a bike.
I can sing.
I am able to play the flute.
Other examples:
You are able to run.
He is able to ski.
She can ride horses.
We are able to hear.
They are able to dance.
*It is important not to confuse the word can with the word may.
Can is used when you are capable.
May is used when you are allowed.
In Latin there is a special I can verb.

Notice the similarities with the to be verb from Lesson 18.
94
LESSON 19 — To Be Able To / | Can
Vocabulary
Here are the forms of to be able to.
1. possum | can
2. potes you (s.) can
3. potest he, she, it can
4. possumus we can
5. potestis you (pl.) can
6. possunt they can

Derivatives
possible can be (adj.)
95
Review Questions
1. Practice saying the Doxology once from memory.
2. Write the Doxology once for practice.
Lesson 19 Questions
1. What do all the J can verbs have in common?
2. What verb is present in all the J can verbs?
Translate ZL—————————————————
Check NC each verb is singular or plural.
1. possumus - Jsingular |. |plural
2. potestis singular | |plural
3. potes singular |. |plural
4. possum ix singular |. |plural
5. potest __| singular E plural
6. possunt singular |. |plural
96
__| Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
| | When people ask how you are this week, answer in Latin.
(And then in English to be polite.)
Write and Learn

iE
Fun Practice
Make a list of 10 things you CAN do.

i
D
2
4. oO
SO
ee
a
5 10.
97
LESSON 20 - Future Tense
Practical Latin
Romanus civis sum —lamacitizen of Rome
Lesson - Future Tense
Everything we have talked about so far has been in the present tense.
Present tense means that something 1s happening right now.
For example:
I learn. OR Iam learning.
I sit. OR Iam sitting.
I write. OR Iam writing.
Sometimes we look forward to things happening in the future.

In English, we add the word wi// to indicate something will happen
in the future.
For example:
I will go on vacation this summer.
I will graduate from high school in 10 years.
I will go to the park tomorrow.
In Latin, instead of adding the extra word will, we add a special ending to our verbs.
On the following page are the Future Tense Verb Endings.

They are added to verbs, not used alone.
Again, notice the similarities with the other verb endings.
98
LESSON 20 - Future Tense
Grammar
Below are the future tense verb endings. They are added to verbs to form the future
tense. An example is vocabo - J will call.
Notice the highlighted endings.
| will
you will
he, she, or it will |:
we will
you (pl.) will
they will

99
Review Questions Z———————————— ————————

2 . What are the letters A, E, I, O, U called?

5. What does a Latin I sound like?
Lesson 20 Questions
1. What tense describes things that are happening right now?
2. What tense describes things that are going to happen?
3. What word do we add to sentences in English to show future tense?
4. How are future tense endings similar to all other verb endings we have learned?
Say each future tense verb ending and its meaning five times. Practice your
pronunciation.
Notes 2— ——— LÀ —ÀWÉ—— —— —— — ———À—————-—
100
Write and Learn

iE
2. Write the Latin Prayer from Lessons 16 through 20, the Lord's Prayer, and translate.
Fun Practice
Write a list of ten things you will do in the future.
I 6.
2 JU
3: 8.
4. 3.
s 10.
101
Vocabulary
Aquarius water carrier
Aries ram
Cancer crab
Capricorn goat
Gemini twins
Virgo maiden
Leo lion
Libra scales
Pisces fish
Sagittarius archer
Scorpio scorpion
Taurus bull
Grammar
To Be Verb To Be Able To /I Can Verb
sum I am possum I can
es you are potes you can
est he, she, it 1s potest he, she, it can
sumus we are possumus we can
estis you (pl.) are potestis you (pl.) can
sunt they are possunt they can
Future Tense Endings
bo I will.
Us UEM. VI Latin Song Refrain of
bimus we will “Resonet in Laudibus"
bitis you (pl.) will Gaudete - Rejoice!
bunt they will
Gaudete - Rejoice!
Practical Latin
Semper Fidelis Always Faithful
repetite repeat
Quid agis? How are you?
satis bene very well
Romanus civis sum I am a citizen of Rome

Pater Noster, qui es in caelis, Our Father, who is in heaven,
sanctificetur nomen Tuum. hallowed be Your name.
Adveniat regnum Tuum. Your kingdom come.
Fiat voluntas Tua, Your will be done,
sicut in Caelo et in terra. on earth as it is in heaven.
102
EXERCISES (for Review Lesson 4)

ee
e
ee
ee
SSOBADARHNHASSCHAAARBNE
KN
WN
xm
FR
NN
NNN
WN
RR
RRR
—
103
1. What are groups of stars in the sky called?

. What is the most common verb?
. What tense describes things that wi// happen?
. What tense describes things that are happening?
What is a word that names a specific person, place, or thing?
What part of speech shows relationship and/or location?
What part of speech describes a noun or pronoun?
Bo
t^
NDA
o What part of speech describes a verb?
C. Practice saying the first half of the Lord's Prayer. Write it and translate.
D. Translate.
. Always Faithful
. Quid agis?
. nurturing mother
. wonder of the world
. Thanks be to God
my fault
. In the year of our Lord
—
NY
FW
tA. Oremus
OND
104

Sing the Refrain of “Resonet in Laudibus" with the CD.
Notes
105
LESSON 21 - Other Words
Practical Latin
E pluribus unum — One out of many
Lesson — Conjunctions
Sicut, et, and sed, in today's vocabulary list, are conjunctions.

A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.
Examples:
I like to swim and I like to run.
You are in Latin but you are not in my class.
Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors.
Note: The words etiam and non are adverbs.
106
Tessicut
2. et
3. sed
4. etiam
5. non
Panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis hodie Give us this day our daily bread.
Et dimitte nobis debita nostra and forgive us our debts
Sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris As we also forgive our debtors.
Et ne nos inducas in tentationem And lead us not into temptation
Sed libera nos a malo. Amen. But deliver us from evil. Amen.
107
Review Questions
1. What kind of word shows a relationship?
. In what letter do all simple verbs end?
. In what letter do nouns in our first group end?
. What is the most important verb in any language?
SP
nA
WN
W . What tense describes something that wi// happen?
Lesson 21 Exercises
Write a sentence in English with each of the vocabulary words in Lesson 21.
Re
SAL
cc
ME
M
o
Translate
1. sed
2. sicut
3. non
4. etiam
D "er
108
|. Say each vocabulary word and its meaning three times.
. | Look for “E pluribus unum" on the dollar bill.
Say this Latin phrase each time you buy something.
Write and Learn

I:
Fun Practice
Fill in the blanks.
. lam as strong as
. I am good at , and also
. I like , but I don't like
.lam not
—.
NO
vU
BB
A I also like
109
LESSON 22 - Question Words
Practical Latin
Ego amo te. — | love you.
Lesson - Question Words
We ask questions when we want to find out information—when we want an answer.

The vocabulary for this lesson lists words that indicate a question in Latin.
We can recognize question sentences because they always have a question mark.
A question mark looks like this: 6)
e
Examples:
Where are you going?
What school do you attend?
Why do you learn Latin?
Who is your teacher?
110
LESSON 22 - Question Words
Vocabulary
Derivatives
inquisitive questioning (adj.)

ubiquitous seemingly everywhere (adj.)
query question (n.); to question someone or something (v.)
curious eager to know (adj.)
111
Review Questions
1. Practice counting 1-10 out loud in Latin.
2. Write the numbers 1-10 in Latin.
l. 6
75
8
9
BR
WON
A 10.
3. What is the name for a group of stars that form a picture?

4. What is an English word that has a sound and meaning similar to a Latin word?
5. How do you say “One out of many” in Latin?
Lesson 22 Questions
1. Why do you ask questions?
2. How can you tell if a sentence is a question?
3. How do you say “ I love you” in Latin?
Translate
1. ubi
20 UT
3. quis
4. quid
D
|... Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times. Practice your pronunciation.
| | This week, say “I love you" in Latin to the people you care about.
Write and Learn

I:
Fun Practice
Write down five questions you have. Make sure you use a question mark at the end
of the sentence. Ask the questions to someone close to you to receive the information
you want.
l.
ee
ee
113
LESSON 23 - The First Declension
Practical Latin
Optime! — Excellent!
Lesson - The First Declension
In life, we use groups to help us keep information straight.

There are food groups (meats, dairy, grains, etc).
There are animal groups (birds, mammals, fish, etc).
There are even people groups (nations, cities, families, friends).
There are also groups to help us keep Latin grammar straight.
Verb groups are called conjugations.

Noun groups are called declensions.
A declension is a group of nouns that has the same or similar endings when declined.
The most important thing to learn for now is that declensions go with nouns—people,
places, or things.
There are only five declensions (or noun groups) in Latin.

On the next page the endings in the First Declension Singular are listed.
(Remember that singular means one, and the singular pronouns are J, you, he, she, it.)
By simply learning this list, you have made a big leap in Latin. We will explain
declensions more next year as you progress in your Latin study.
114
LESSON 23 - The First Declension
Grammar
First Declension Singular Endings
(ae has the long A sound)
115
Review Questions
Practice saying the first half of The Lord’s Prayer from Lessons 16-20 plus what you
have learned from Lessons 21-23. Write what you have learned from Lessons 21-23
once and translate it to English.
Lesson 23 Questions
1. What is the name for a group of nouns with the same endings?
2. What kind of word does a declension go with?
3. How many singular first declension endings are there?
Say the first declension singular endings five times. Practice your pronunciation.
When you do something well this week, say “Excellent!” in Latin.
Write and Learn LS

Write the first declension singular endings three times.
a
ac
Fun Practice EE OGLLLLuio OV)Laxd [MÀ JÓ———————————M—

Think of a poem or song to help you remember the first declension singular endings.
116
Zz
o
4
Q
ll
p W
LESSON 24 - Declensions
Practical Latin
Pessime! — Very bad!
Lesson — Declensions
Below is a list of the First Declension Plural endings.

(Remember that plural means more than one.)
Again, practice these from memory and watch your pronunciations.
Grammar
(Remember, I sounds like a long E in Latin.)
First Declension Plural Endings
ae
arum
You have now learned the endings for the entire First Declension. Congratulations!
118
Review Questions
1. What does an E sound like in Latin?
2. What does an I sound like in Latin?

3. How do you say “Repeat” in Latin?
4. How do you say “Goodbye, friends” in Latin?
5 . How many vowels are in the Latin alphabet?
Lesson 24 Questions
1. What does plural mean?
2. What kind of word goes with declensions?
3. How many first declension plural endings are there?
Spea ki ng Latin Listen to the Lesson 24 track on your Prima Latina CD.
|.|Say the first declension plural endings five times. Practice your pronunciation.
| | When you mess up this week say, “Pessime!”
Write and Learn

Write the first declension plural endings five times.
IM
So
Na
Fun Practice
Adda line or verse to your poem or song from Lesson 23 to help you remember the
first declension plural endings.
119
LESSON 25 - First Conjugation
Practical Latin
Finis! — The end!
Lesson - First Conjugation

As you know, conjugations are verb groups.
Conjugating means changing a verb based on who or what is doing the action and
when that action actually occurs.
Example: Think of the word walk.

If you are talking about yourself, you say: “T walk."
If you are talking about your friend John, you say: “John walks.”
See how you change (or conjugate) the verb because of who is doing the verb.
Let’s do another one. The verb is run.

If your dog, Spot, runs, you say: “Spot runs.”
If you run, you say: ALruns
If you run with your dog, you say: “We run.”
A verb is also changed (or conjugated) because of when the verb happens. Look at
the example below.
The verb is call.

If you called yesterday, you would say: “Yesterday I called.”
If you are going to call tomorrow, you say: “Tomorrow I will call.”
If you are calling right now, you say: | Really:
For now, the most important thing to remember is that conjugations go with verbs.
We will talk more about conjugations as we learn more about the Latin language.
120
LESSON 25 - First Conjugation
Grammar
These first conjugation verb endings are the pronoun letters from Lesson 13.
. amo | love
. amas you love
. amat he, she, it loves
. amamus we love
. amatis you (pl.) love
. amant they love

121
Review Questions
1. What is an action word called?
What kind of word modifies a verb?
What kind of word modifies a noun or pronoun?

What comes at the end of all question sentences?
LES
eae)
MC What kind of word does a declension go with?
Lesson 25 Questions
1. What kind of word does a conjugation go with?
2. What are two things that cause a verb to change or be conjugated?
Translate
1. amas
amo
amamus
ama tis
amant
ASEE
SAE
pramat
122.
Speaking Latin Listen to the Lesson 25 track on your Prima Latina —————————_—
_| Say the first conjugation of “I love” five times. Practice your pronunciation.
..| When you finish something this week, say “Finis!”
Write and Learn

Write the first conjugation of “I love" three times in Latin.
Fun Practice
Draw a picture of a train with six cars. Put one form of “I love” in Latin in each car.
Be sure to put them in the order they are presented on the previous page.
Decorate your train any way you like.
Make a great caboose because you just ended your first year of Latin!
123
Vocabulary
Other Words Question Words
sicut aS quis who?

= and quid what?
sed but
also ubi where?
etiam
non not cur why?
First Declension Singular First Declension Plural

ae
arum
is
as
1S
First Conjugation
Latin Song More of the refrain
amo I love
of *Resonet in Laudibus"
amas you love
Christus natus hodie -
amat he, she, it loves
Christ is born today
amamus we love
amatis you (pl.) love
amant they love
M
————
z—c— — — Á——
Practical Lath ———— MÓ——
E pluribus unum One out of many

Ego amo te. I love you.
Optime! Excellent!
Pessime! Very bad!
Finis The end!
Latin Prayers - The Our Father or Lord's Prayer
Panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis hodie, Give us this day our daily bread,
et dimitte nobis debita nostra and forgive us our debts
sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. as we also forgive our debtors.
Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, And lead us not into temptation,
sed libera nos a malo. Amen. but deliver us from evil. Amen.
124

IL.
2.
2:
4.
3.
6.
ip
8.
9.
1. What kind of word does a declension go with?

2. What kind of word does a conjugation go with?
3. What goes at the end of all question sentences?
4. What are two reasons why you would conjugate a verb in a sentence?
125
C. Review the entire Lord’s Prayer below. When you are ready, cover the
prayer, write it once completely, and translate into English.
Pater Noster, qui es in caelis, Our Father, who is in heaven,

sanctificetur nomen Tuum. hallowed be Your name.
Adveniat regnum Tuum. Your kingdom come.
Fiat voluntas Tua, Your will be done,
sicut in Caelo et in terra. on earth as it is in heaven.
Panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis hodie, Give us this day our daily bread,
et dimitte nobis debita nostra and forgive us our debts
sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. as we also forgive our debtors.
Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, And lead us not into temptation,
sed libera nos a malo. Amen. but deliver us from evil. Amen.
126
D. Translate into Latin.
1. One out of many

2. I love you.
3. Excellent!
4. Very bad!
5. The end!

Sing more of the refrain of “Resonet in Laudibus.”
Notes
127
LI " ] a
* "i ni » m. á -
te " d | a B ]
py. iS} "omy onic
14 7" né £n zy M
Appendix
VOCABULARY APPENDIX - ALPHABETICAL
adoro I adore verb (4) narro I tell verb (5)

altus hieh. deep adiective (14) nauta sailor noun (8)
ambulo I walk verb (1) navieo I sail verb (3)
amo I love verb (4) non not adverb (21)
aqua water noun (7) novem nine adiective (10)
aauarius water carrier noun (16) novus new adiective (14)
aries ram noun (16) numauam never adverb (15)
bimus we will verb endina (20) nunc now adverb (15)
bis vou will verb endina (20) octo eight adiective (10)
bit he. she. it will verb endina (20) oro I prav verb (3)
bitis vou will verb endina (20) Daro I prepare verb (4)
bo I will verb endina (20) patria countrv noun (7)
bonus eood adiective (14) Disces fish noun (17)
bunt thev will verb endina (20) porto I carrv verb (3)
caelum heaven noun (2) possum I can verb (19)
cancer crab noun (16) Dossumus we can verb (19)
capricorn goat noun (16) possunt thev can verb (19)
cena dinner noun (7) potes vou can verb (19)
clam secretlv adverb (15) potest he. she. it can verb (19)
clamo I shout verb (2) potestis vou can verb (19)
contra against preoosition (12) pugno I fieht verb (5)
corona crown noun (7) auattuor four adiective (9)
cur whv adverb (22) auid what adverb (22)
decem adiective (10) auinaue five adiective (9)
Deus proper noun (1) auis who pronoun (22)
duo adiective (9) regina aueen noun (6)
es vou are verb (18) Roma Rome proper noun (11)
est he. she. it is verb (18) saepe often adverb (15)
estis vou are verb (18) sagittarius archer noun (17)
et and coniunction (21) scorpio Scorpion noun (17)
etiam also adverb (21) sed but coniunction (21)
ex out of preposition (12) semper alwavs adverb (15)
femina woman noun (8) septem seven adiective (10)
fortuna luck noun (8) sex SIX adiective (10)
veminus twin noun (16) sicut as adverb (21)
sloria elorv noun (2) silva forest noun (6)
habito I live in verb (4) specto I look at verb (3)
herba herb noun (8) stella Star noun (6)
Hispania Spain proper noun (11) sub under preposition (12)
iniuria iniurv noun (8) sum I am verb (18)
inter between preposition (12) sumus we are verb (18)
Italia Italv proper noun (11) sunt thev are verb (18)
Jesus Jesus proper noun (2) supero I conauer verb (5)
iudico I iudee verb (4) supra above preposition (12)
laboro I work verb (3) taurus bull noun (17)
laudo I praise verb (2) terra earth noun (6)
leo lion noun (17) toga toga noun (1)
libero I free verb (5) tres three adiective (9)
libra scales noun (17) ubi where adverb (22)
loneus lone adiective (14) unda wave noun (6)
luna moon noun (1) unus one adiective (9)
Marcus Marcus proper noun (11) via road noun (1)
Maria Marv proper noun (11) virgo maiden. virgin noun (16)
mensa table noun (7) vita life noun (6)
multus much. manv adiective (14) voco I call verb (5)
130
VOCABULARY APPENDIX - PART OF SPEECH
altus high, deep adjective (14) terra earth noun (6)

bonus good adjective (14) toga toga noun (1)
decem ten adjective ((10) unda wave noun (6)
duo two adjective ((9) via road noun (1)
longus long adjective (14
(14) virgo maiden, virgin noun (16)
multus much, many adjective (14)
(14 vita life noun (6)
novem nine adjective (10) contra against preposition (12)
novus new adjective (14) ex out of preposition (12)
octo eight adjective (10) inter between preposition (12)
quattuor four adjective (9) sub under preposition (12)
quinque supra above preposition (12)

five adjective (9)
septem seven adjective (10) quis who pronoun (22)
sex SIX adjective (10) Deus God proper noun (1)
tres three adjective (9) Hispania Spain proper noun (11)
unus one adjective (9) Italia Italy proper noun (11)
clam secretly adverb (15 ) Jesus Jesus proper noun (2)
cur why adverb (22 ) Marcus Marcus proper noun (11)
etiam Maria Mary proper noun (11)

also adverb (21 )
non not adverb (21 ) Roma Rome proper noun (11)
numquam never adverb (15 ) adoro I adore verb (4)
nunc now adverb (15 ) ambulo I walk verb (1)
quid what adverb (22 ) amo I love verb (4)
saepe often adverb (15 ) clamo I shout verb (2)
semper always adverb (15 ) es you are verb (18)
sicut as adverb (21 ) est he, she, it is verb (18)
ubi where adverb (22 ) estis you are verb (18)
et and conjunction (21) habito I live in verb (4)
sed but conjunction (21) judico I judge verb (4)
aqua water noun (7) laboro I work verb (3)
aquarius water carrier noun (16) laudo I praise verb (2)
aries ram noun (16) libero Ifree verb (5)
caelum heaven noun (2) narro I tell verb (5)
cancer crab noun (16) navigo I sail verb (3)
capricorn goat noun (16) oro I pray verb (3)
cena dinner noun (7) paro I prepare verb (4)
corona crown noun (7) porto I carry verb (3)
femina woman possum I can verb (19)
fortuna luck possumus we can verb (19)

possunt they can verb (19)
geminus twin
potes you can verb (19)
gloria glory
herb potest he, she, it can verb (19)
herba
potestis you can verb (19)
injuria injury noun (8)
lion pugno Ifight verb (5)
leo noun (17)
specto I look at verb (3)
libra scales noun (17)
moon sum Iam verb (18)
luna noun (1)
table sumus we are verb (18)
mensa noun (7)
sailor noun (8) sunt they are verb (18)
nauta
supero I conquer verb (5)
patria country noun (7)
voco I call verb (5)
pisces fish noun (17)
bimus we will verb ending (20)
regina queen noun (6)
bit he, she, it will verb ending (20)
sagittarius archer noun (17)
bitis you will verb ending (20)
scorpio scorpion noun (17)
bo I will verb ending (20)
silva forest noun (6)
noun (6) bunt they will verb ending (20)
stella Star
bull noun (17) bis you will verb ending (20)
taurus
131
PRACTICAL LATIN SAYINGS- APPENDIX
Lesson Practical Latin Translation
1 Salve! Hello! (to one person)

Salvete! Hello! (to more than-one person)
Magister Teacher (male)
Magistra Teacher (female)
Surge Stand up (to one person)
Surgite Stand up (to more than one person)
Vale Goodbye (to one person)

Valete Goodbye (to more than one person)
discipulus student
discipuli (sc has a sh sound) students
Deo gratias Thanks be to God
Mea culpa my fault
amicus friend
amici friends
Sedete Sit down (to many)
Anno Domini, A.D. In the year of our Lord
Veni, vidi, vici | came, | saw, | conquered (Julius Caesar)
Quo vadis? Where are you going?
alma mater nurturing mother
stupor mundi wonder of the world
nunc aut numquam now or never
Semper Fidelis Always Faithful (Marine Corps motto)
Repetite Repeat (to many)
Quid agis? How are you?
satis bene very well
Romanus civis sum | am a citizen of Rome
E pluribus unum One out of many
Ego amo te. | love you.
Optime! Excellent!
Pessime! Very bad!
Finis! The end!
132
CLASSICAL TRIVIUM CORE Vii
Prima Latina, by Leigh Lowe
Prima Latina is a preparatory Latin course for students in Ist-4th grade. It is a perfect mix of English grammar and
beginning Latin. The course teaches students seven parts of speech, two tenses, 125 Latin vocabulary words, Latin
numbers, constellations, and introduces conjugations, declensions, and derivatives. Each of the 25 lessons consists of a
new grammar skill, five vocabulary words that correspond with the lesson, a practical Latin phrase, and one line of a prayer
that is learned in totality by the end of the chapter. This book is the ideal precursor to Latina Christiana I. Five review
lessons, five tests, an appendix, and answer key are included. VIDEO COURSE now available!
"Prima Latina s PERFECT!!!"

- HTH, Cathy
Latina Christiana I & II: An Introduction to Christian Latin, by Cheryl Lowe

A beginning Latin grammar course for all ages, but designed for students as young as 3rd grade (if preceded by Prima
Latina). Vocabulary, systematic grammar, practice exercises, and Latin sayings are featured in each lesson. Prayers,
songs, history lessons, and games are also included to add interest and motivation. The teacher manual includes detailed
lesson plans, weekly quizzes, tests and keys. Student book, teacher manual, and pronunciation tape or CD are included.
Each one-year course is designed for use by parents and teachers with no Latin background. Based on 15 years of teaching
and classroom experience in Cheryl Lowe's Latin school. VIDEO COURSE now available!
"Latina Christiana is the best thing on the market for grammar level Latin hands down."
- Wes Callihan, Schola Tutorial Service
Lingua Angelica: Christian Latin Reading Course, by Cheryl Lowe

Lingua Angelica is a Latin translation course based on twenty-four beautiful Latin hymns and four prayers, including
Gaudeamus Igitur, Stabat Mater, Tantum Ergo, Panis Angelicus, and Ave Maria. Your students will memorize and sing
timeless Latin hymns, add to their Latin vocabulary, and practice Latin translation. Lingua Angelica includes a song book,
student book, teacher manual with key, and a CD of all music sung by a Gregorian chant choir recorded in Louisville's
Cathedral of the Assumption. Start Lingua Angelica along with any Latin grammar course such as Latina Christiana. A
“must have” for every budding Latinist.
"I love Lingua Angelica! Its addition really makes Latina Christiana the most
compelling Latin curriculum for the grammar stage."
- Christine Miller, C.C.H
First Form Latin, by Cheryl Lowe

It has never been easier to teach Latin! The uniqueness of this program lies in:
A text organized into four units that enables the learner to comprehend the whole in its logical parts.
A comprehensive full-size workbook that provides 4-5 pages of exercises for each lesson, guiding the student through
every skill needed for mastery.
A comprehensive Teacher Manual with key, scripted lesson plans, chalk talk, recitation and review guidelines, quizzes,
tests, final, flashcards, vocabulary drill sheets, and much more. All the techniques we have developed over the last 15 years
have been incorporated!
First Form Latin is the first in a series of four books that cover the entire Latin grammar. Each text is concise and
unintimidating, containing approximately 30 two-page lessons. This program is great for everyone, no matter their Latin
background. It is recommended for students in grades 6 through college, but is also suitable for students
as young as 4th grade. 978-193095
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9"781930" 9535
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PRIMA

CLASSICAL TRIVIUM CORE SERIES

Prima Latina: Student Book

© 2002, 2003 by Memoria Press

Second Edition 2003

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by

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LESSON: 1 — [IHE JALPHABET os esiecsesivsnveetscceccacsscecpacvesessacsan

LESSON 11 — PROPER NOUNS .......:1nsen aestum DUX 58

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Prima Latina (A Latin precursor for young children)

Nominative case: nouns that are subjects or predicate nouns

Nom. puella (girl) puellae (girls)

In Latin there are FIVE DECLENSIONS—

Latin Word Order

Puella reginam videt. Reginam puella videt.

l. Learn basic Latin alphabet and pronunciation of vowels and

2. Pronounce, spell, and translate approximately 125 Latin words.

3. Learn 25 practical Latin expressions and 4 prayers in full.

4. Learn numbers 1 through 10.

5. Learn names of popular constellations.

6. Understand concept of derivatives, English words that are _ de-

Vowel Long Example

Diphthongs and Digraphs

Consonant Pronunciation Examples

Salve! — Hello! (to one person)

Lesson — The Alphabet

The English Alphabet

vowels and consonants

A, E, I, O, U BCD FGH JKLMN PQRST VWXYZ

The Latin Alphabet

Vowel Latin Sound

Practice saying the Latin vowels in each word.

Oremus Let us pray

..|Practice saying "Salve" or “Salvete” to your parents, brothers and

Begin the prayer before each meal with *Oremus."

Write and Learn

1. Write out the English alphabet.

3. Write each vocabulary word and its meaning twice.

Magister — Teacher (male) Magistra — Teacher (female)

Lesson — Consonants and Diphthongs

Consonants Latin Sound

c (before e, i, ae, & oe is soft) ch, as in charity

In Latin, sometimes two letters have only one sound.

Diphthongs Latin Sound :

Practice saying the consonant sounds and diphthongs.

Latin Prayers (The Sanctus)

Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Holy, Holy, Holy

glorious wonderful (adj.)

el Say each vocabulary word and its meaning five times.

Write and Learn

3. Write each vocabulary word and its meaning twice.

Surge — Stand up Surgite — Stand up

run jump kick sing

‘ Verb-Finder Sentence: Can I "

Can I run? A YES, so run is a verb.

Can I jump? [ufYES, so jump is a verb.

Can I kick? A YES, so kick is a verb.

Can I table? x) NO, I cannot table.