Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

* 7 7 1 0 7 2 0 0 3 1 *

PHYSICS 9702/21
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions October/November 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

DC (KN/FD) 116308/2
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Data

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
4πε0
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

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Formulae

1
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 2 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas W = p ΔV

Gm
gravitational potential φ=−
r

hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh

1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p= 3
〈c 〉
V
simple harmonic motion a = − ω 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v = ± ω √⎯(x⎯ 0⎯ 2⎯ –⎯ ⎯ x⎯ 2⎯ )
fsv
Doppler effect fo =
v ± vs

Q
electric potential V=
4πε0r

capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .

energy of charged capacitor W = 12 QV

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .

resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt )

0.693
decay constant λ=
t 1
2

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BLANK PAGE

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Define density.

Mass unit volume

...................................................................................................................................................
per
...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The mass m of a metal sphere is given by the expression

πd 3ρ
m=
6
where ρ is the density of the metal and d is the diameter
- of the sphere.

Data for the density and the mass are given in Fig. 1.1. &$100 % = 5%

quantity value uncertainty -0 .

0

ρ 8100 kg m–3 ± 5% 70 .

05
m 7.5 kg ± 4% > 0 .

04
-x100 %
=
4
Fig. 1.1
ooo

=3 G
(i) Calculate the diameter d.
d

-
o
3 =

O
d =

36m 0 12
d = ......................................................
.

m [1]

(ii) Use your answer in (i) and the data in Fig. 1.1 to determine the value of d, with its
absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures.

d
( 6m)
=

d = 0 121 +
.
0 .

004

Ed [
= [0 04 .
+ 0 .

-d =
3 . 63x103 m

= 0 00363
0 121
d = .............................. ± .............................. m [3]
.

.
0 004
.

~ 0 .
004 en

[Total: 5]

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&
2 (a) Define electric field strength.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) A potential difference of 2.5 kV is applied across a pair of horizontal metal plates in a vacuum,
as shown in Fig. 2.1.

metal
plate

2.0 cm
electron B +
A 2.5 kV
velocity –
2.0 cm
3.7 × 107 m s–1

metal 5.9 cm
plate

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

Each plate has a length of 5.9 cm. The separation of the plates is 4.0 cm. The arrangement
produces a uniform electric field between the plates.
Assume the field does not extend beyond the edges of the plates.

An electron enters the field at point A with horizontal velocity 3.7 × 107 m s–1 along a line
mid-way between the plates. The electron leaves the field at point B.

(i) Calculate the time taken for the electron to move from A to B.

time taken = ....................................................... s [1]

(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength.

field strength = ................................................ N C–1 [2]

(iii) Show that the acceleration of the electron in the field is 1.1 × 1016 m s–2.

[2]
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(iv) Use the acceleration given in (iii) and your answer in (i) to determine the vertical distance
y between point B and the upper plate.

y = .................................................... cm [3]

(v) Explain why the calculation in (iv) does not need to include the gravitational effects on
the electron.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(vi) The electron enters the field at time t = 0.

On Fig. 2.2, sketch graphs to show the variation with time t of

1. the horizontal component vX of the velocity of the electron,

2. the vertical component vY of the velocity of the electron.

Numerical values are not required.

vX vY

0 0
0 t 0 t

Fig. 2.2
[2]

[Total: 12]

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3 (a) State Hooke’s law.

Force is directly proportional to extension (provided

...................................................................................................................................................

proportionality limit is not exceeded)

...............................................................................................................................................[1]
-

(b) The variation with compression x of the force F acting on a spring is shown in Fig. 3.1.

30
F/N
24
20

10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
x / cm

Fig. 3.1

The spring is fixed to the closed end of a horizontal tube. A block is pushed into the tube so
that the spring is compressed, as shown in Fig. 3.2.

block
spring tube mass 0.025 kg

4.0 cm
BEFORE AFTER

Fig. 3.2 (not to scale)

The compression of the spring is 4.0 cm. The mass of the block is 0.025 kg.

(i) Calculate the spring constant of the spring.

F Kx
=

k=

_N
0 .

043
600
spring constant = ................................................ N m–1 [2]
= 600 Nril

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(ii) Show that the work done to compress the spring by 4.0 cm is 0.48 J.
W =
Area under the graph
-
Fr

2X24X0 04
.
=

0 485
.

[2]

(iii) The block is now released and accelerates along the tube as the spring returns to its
original length. The block leaves the end of the tube with a speed of 6.0 m s–1.

1. Calculate the kinetic energy of the block as it leaves the end of the tube.

Ex =
Emuz
025X(6)2
=

x0 .

0 45]
.

0 45
kinetic energy = .......................................................
.

J [2]

2. Assume that the spring has negligible kinetic energy as the block leaves the tube.
Determine the average resistive force acting against the block as it moves along the
tube.

Ep =
Ek + WFriction
=> 0 48 .
=
0 45 + .

WFriction
=> WFriction =
0 .

03J
=> Frictional Force Xd = 0 .

03
=> FX0 04 .
=
3
> F FIN
-

=
0 .

0 75
resistive force = ......................................................
.

N [3]

(iv) Determine the efficiency of the transfer of elastic potential energy from the spring to the
kinetic energy of the block.

Useful energy output

Eff =

Total
↑ 100 %

energy in put
100%
=

= QUE .
X 100

94 Y
efficiency = ..........................................................
:
[2]
=
9.3 8 % .

=
94 % [Total: 12]

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4 (a) State what is meant by the frequency of a progressive wave.

The number of oscillations unit time of a point

...................................................................................................................................................
per
on the wave
...................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) A cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) is used to determine the frequency of the sound emitted by
a loudspeaker. The trace produced on the screen of the c.r.o. is shown in Fig. 4.1.

1 cm
1 cm

Fig. 4.1

The time-base setting of the c.r.o. is 250 μs cm–1.

Show that the frequency of the sound wave is 1600 Hz.

1cm > 250us

f=
-

2 5an - 250x2 Jus

:
·

+
=
62uS =

625X 106
=
625N10bs
=
1600Hz [2]

(c) The loudspeaker in (b) emits the sound in all directions. A person attaches the loudspeaker to
a string and then swings the loudspeaker at a constant speed in a horizontal circle above his
head.

An observer, standing a large distance away from the loudspeaker, hears sound of maximum
frequency 1640 Hz. The speed of sound in air is 330 m s–1.

(i) Determine the speed of the loudspeaker.

to =

rvss
330
1640 =
X1600
330-VS
8 0
049ms speed = ................................................ m s–1 [2]
.

=> Vs =
8 .

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11
D
n
(ii) Describe and explain, qualitatively, the variation in the frequency of the sound heard by
the observer.

in a circle , when it
As the loudspeaker swings
...........................................................................................................................................

moves towards the observer , a

higher frequency
...........................................................................................................................................

is observed , when loudspeaker moves

...........................................................................................................................................
away
from the observer a lower
frequency is
...........................................................................................................................................
observed
,

.......................................................................................................................................[2]
.

[Total: 8]

5 (a) State what is meant by the diffraction of a wave.

When a wave it
passes through spreads .
an
edge
...................................................................................................................................................
,

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Laser light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating. The resulting
diffraction pattern has diffraction maxima up to and including the fourth-order maximum.

Calculate, for the diffraction grating, the minimum possible line spacing.
u =

nX =
↓SinO enX
↓ & I

4) x500X109 = Dxsin go SinQ4

=> d =
2 . 0x156 m

2 0 x 156
line spacing = ......................................................
.

m [3]

(c) The light in (b) is now replaced with red light. State and explain whether this is likely to result
in the formation of a fifth-order diffraction maximum.

of redlight
Wavelength is
longer than 500 nm
...................................................................................................................................................
-

Each order is now at

greater angle .
...................................................................................................................................................

Fifth order maximum cannot be formed

...................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
↓ SinP ↓ sinQ
ROYGBIV =
nX
= 2 [Total: 7]
↳
largest 4

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40 x484 XCO
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6 (a) Define electric potential difference (p.d.).

Energy transformed or workdone from

electrical
...................................................................................................................................................

to other forious unit

change between circuit
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
per two points in a
(b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 14 V and negligible internal resistance is connected to .

a resistor network, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

14 V

R2

R1
12 S
6.0 R3

0–24

Fig. 6.1

R1 and R2 are fixed resistors of resistances 6.0 Ω and 12 Ω respectively. R3 is a variable

resistor.

Switch S is closed.

(i) Calculate the current in the battery when the resistance of R3 is set

1. at zero,
Current will not
V =
IR flow through Re
I =

Y Allecocut
will
R3
= flow through .

= 2 33
.

= 2 3A :

2 3
current = ......................................................
.

A [2]

2. at 24 Ω.

V IR
= * Ey
=

14 = IX 14
I 1A
R
=
=
82

14e
Riotal
current = ......................................................
I A [2]

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(ii) Use your answers in (b)(i) to calculate the change in the total power produced by the
battery when the resistance of R3 is changed from zero to 24 Ω.
R3 = 0 R3 24=

↑ ↑

XP =
P2 -

P,
=
VI -
VI

=
14(2 33) .
-
14(7)

=
18 6W.

- I9W

19
change in power = ..................................................... W [2]

(c) Switch S in Fig. 6.1 is now opened. > current will not flow through Rz .

Resistors R1 and R2 are made from metal wires. Some data for these resistors are shown in
Fig. 6.2.

R1 R2
cross-sectional area of wire A 1.8 A
number of free electrons per unit volume in metal n 0.50 n

Fig. 6.2

Determine the ratio t

R , and Re average drift speed of free electrons in R1 . And
are in
I

average drift speed of free electrons in R2

>
-
series
same entiment
Ea
I =
Aug

A
s

=
=
v

constant
I and g are

And
v 1 :
8A X0 En .

- =
0 58
.

AXu

0 90
ratio = ..........................................................
.

[2]

[Total: 9]

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 Hadron is made of quarks, lepton is not made of quarks
.
14

7 (a) State one difference between a hadron and a lepton.

Hadron is not a fundamental particlebut lepton is

...................................................................................................................................................
fundamental
a
particle
.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) (i) State the quark composition of a proton and of a neutron.

Up up down
proton: ...............................................................................................................................
, ,

Updown down
neutron: .............................................................................................................................
, ,

[2]

(ii) Use your answer in (i) to determine the quark composition of an α-particle.

a-particlehasLerotonsand nenr
as

Gup , 6 down
quark composition: ........................................................................................................[1]

(c) The results of the α-particle scattering experiment provide evidence for the structure of the
atom.

result 1: The vast majority of α-particles pass straight through the metal foil or are
deviated by small angles.

result 2: A very small minority of α-particles are scattered through angles greater
than 90°.

State what may be inferred from

(i) result 1,

Most of the atom is

empty space .
...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) result 2.

Nucleus is positively changed

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
The mass is concentrated in a small
very
...........................................................................................................................................

region nucleus
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
, .

[Total: 7]

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