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Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
* 4 1 5 0 1 4 1 6 3 5 *

PHYSICS 9702/23
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions May/June 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (KN/SG) 108408/2
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Data

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
4πε0
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

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Formulae

1
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 2 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas W = p ΔV

Gm
gravitational potential φ =−
r

hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh

1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p = 3
〈c 〉
V
simple harmonic motion a = − ω 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v = ± ω √⎯(x⎯ 0⎯ 2⎯ –⎯ ⎯ x⎯ 2⎯ )
fsv
Doppler effect fo =
v ± vs

Q
electric potential V =
4πε0r

capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .

energy of charged capacitor W = 12 QV

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .

resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt )

0.693
decay constant λ =
t 1
2

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) A list of quantities that are either scalars or vectors is shown in Fig. 1.1.

quantity scalar vector

distance ✓
energy
momentum
power
time
weight

Fig. 1.1

Complete Fig. 1.1 to indicate whether each quantity is a scalar or a vector.

One line has been completed as an example. [2]

(b) A girl runs 120 m due north in 15 s. She then runs 80 m due east in 12 s.

(i) Sketch a vector diagram to show the path taken by the girl. Draw and label her resultant
displacement R.

north

east

[1]

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(ii) Calculate, for the girl,

1. the average speed,

average speed = ................................................. m s–1 [1]

2. the magnitude of the average velocity v and its angle with respect to the direction of
the initial path.

magnitude of v = ...................................................... m s–1

angle = ............................................................. °
[3]
[Total: 7]

2 (a) Describe the effects, one in each case, of systematic errors and random errors when using a
micrometer screw gauge to take readings for the diameter of a wire.

systematic errors: .....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

random errors: ..........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Distinguish between precision and accuracy when measuring the diameter of a wire.

precision: ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

accuracy: ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 4]
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3 (a) Explain what is meant by gravitational potential energy and by kinetic energy.

gravitational potential energy: ...................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

kinetic energy: ...........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A motion sensor is used to measure the velocity of a ball falling vertically towards the ground,
as illustrated in Fig. 3.1.

motion sensor

v
A

B
ground

Fig. 3.1

The ball passes through points A and B as it falls. The ball has a mass of 1.5 kg.

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The variation with time t of the velocity v of the ball as it falls from A to B is shown in Fig. 3.2.

8.0

7.0

6.0

v / m s–1

5.0

4.0

3.0
0.40 0.60 0.80 t /s

ball at position A ball at position B

Fig. 3.2

Use Fig. 3.2 to calculate, for the ball falling from A to B,

(i) the displacement,

displacement = .......................................................m [3]

(ii) the acceleration,

acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [2]

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(iii) the change in kinetic energy.

change in kinetic energy = ........................................................J [3]

(c) Show that the work done by the gravitational field on the ball in (b) as it moves from A to B is
equal to the change in kinetic energy.

[2]

[Total: 12]

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4 A spring balance is used to weigh a cylinder that is immersed in oil, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

spring balance

thin wire

cross-sectional area 13 cm2

cylinder

5.0 cm
oil

Fig. 4.1

The reading on the spring balance is 4.8 N. The length of the cylinder is 5.0 cm and the cross-
sectional area of the cylinder is 13 cm2. The weight of the cylinder is 5.3 N.

(a) The cylinder is in equilibrium when it is immersed in the oil. Explain this in terms of the forces
acting on the cylinder.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Calculate the density of the oil.

density = ............................................... kg m–3 [3]

[Total: 4]

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5 (a) State the law of conservation of momentum.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Two particles A and B collide elastically, as illustrated in Fig. 5.1.

y-direction

vA

A 60°
A B x-direction x-direction

500 m s–1 at rest 30°

B

vB

before collision after collision

Fig. 5.1

The initial velocity of A is 500 m s–1 in the x-direction and B is at rest.

The velocity of A after the collision is vA at 60° to the x-direction. The velocity of B after the
collision is vB at 30° to the x-direction.

The mass m of each particle is 1.67 × 10–27 kg.

(i) Explain what is meant by the particles colliding elastically.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the total initial momentum of A and B.

momentum = .....................................................N s [1]

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(iii) State an expression in terms of m, vA and vB for the total momentum of A and B after the
collision

1. in the x-direction,

...........................................................................................................................................

2. in the y-direction.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iv) Calculate the magnitudes of the velocities vA and vB after the collision.

vA = ...................................................... m s–1

vB = ...................................................... m s–1
[3]

[Total: 9]

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6 (a) Define the ohm.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A 15 V battery with negligible internal resistance is connected to two resistors P and Q, as
shown in Fig. 6.1.

15 V

12 1
Q

Fig. 6.1

The resistors are made of wires of the same material. The wire of P has diameter d and
length 2l. The wire of Q has diameter 2d and length l.

The resistance of P is 12 Ω.

(i) Show that the resistance of Q is 1.5 Ω.

[3]
(ii) Calculate the total power dissipated in the resistors P and Q.

power = ...................................................... W [3]

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(iii) Determine the ratio

average drift speed of the charge carriers in P
.
average drift speed of the charge carriers in Q

ratio = .......................................................... [3]

[Total: 10]

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7 (a) Apparatus used to produce stationary waves on a stretched string is shown in Fig. 7.1.

frequency
generator light string

pulley
vibrator wheel

masses

Fig. 7.1

The frequency generator is switched on.

(i) Describe two adjustments that can be made to the apparatus to produce stationary
waves on the string.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Describe the features that are seen on the stretched string that indicate stationary waves
have been produced.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) The variation with time t of the displacement x of a particle caused by a progressive wave R is
shown in Fig. 7.2. For the same particle, the variation with time t of the displacement x caused
by a second wave S is also shown in Fig. 7.2.

4.0
R
3.0

x / cm 2.0
S
1.0

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
t /s
ï

ï

ï

ï

Fig. 7.2

(i) Determine the phase difference between wave R and wave S. Include an appropriate
unit.

phase difference = .......................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the ratio

intensity of wave R
.
intensity of wave S

ratio = .......................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

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8 (a) Distinguish between an α-particle and a β+-particle.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) State the equation that shows the decay of a particle in a nucleus that results in β+ emission.
All particles in the equation should be shown in the notation that is usually used for the
representation of nuclides.

[2]

(c) (i) State the quark composition of

1. a proton,

...........................................................................................................................................

2. a neutron.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Use the quark model to explain the charge on a proton.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

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