TRYOUT TES LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS SNBT

Februari 2024

Question 1 to 2 are based on the following passage

A complete skeleton of a 19- or 20-year-old Homo sapiens was found during 2020 excavations at a site called
Liang Tebo, in remote Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat region of eastern Kalimantan. Early human remains are scarce in the
region, and the researchers involved in this study suggest this may be the oldest known burial of a modern human that
has ever been found in the region's islands. During the dig, the find took on a whole new level of intrigue as the team
discovered that the skeletons lower leg was entirely missing. The limb had been not broken or smashed, but cleanly
removed, and the archaeologists found unusual bony overgrowth on the remaining fragments of the tibia and fibula.
That overgrowth matched overgrowth seen in modern clinical cases of amputations.
Further investigations showed that the bone developed atrophy, indicating the part of the limb that remained
was a stump with limited use. Investigations into this remodeling of bone structure showed some six to nine years of
such changes. “This confirms that the surgery was not fatal, not infected and likely occurred during late childhood,”
says Tim Maloney, who specializes in the archaeology of Borneo at Griffith University, in Australia, and co-authored
the study.
To perform a successful operation, prehistoric surgeons must have had knowledge of anatomy. They sliced
through not only bone but muscles, veins and nerves in such a way that the patient didn’t bleed to death or go into a
fatal state of shock. Their scalpels were likely the flaked lithic edges common to the era: a stone called chert, which
can produce extremely sharp edges. Afterwards the surgeons may have employed a tourniquet or cauterizing, though
neither would leave clear evidence on the skeleton and so remain unknown possibilities.
What seems certain, however, is that the patient enjoyed a considerable level of post-op care. “It is highly
unlikely that this individual could have survived the procedure without intensive nursing care, including blood loss
and shock management, and regular wound cleaning,” Maloney notes. He believes the successful operation implies
that the community also had some understanding of antiseptic and antimicrobial management to prevent fatal
infection. In this, their foraging lifestyle and forest environment might have proved to be advantages.

Source: smithsonianmag.com (with modifications)

1. Which information indicates the assertion that the 2. What is the significance of the expression “the find
early human survived the suggested amputation? took on a whole new level of intrigue”?
A. The skeleton does not include a lower leg part. A. To emphasize the importance of the information
B. The bone of the amputated leg shrunk in size. that follows
C. The amputated part was cleanly removed. B. To provide an example for the findings of the
D. The remaining part of the leg shown no signs of early human remains in Liang Tebo
infection. C. To elaborate the finding of the oldest modern
E. There could have been a post-op care. human burial site
D. To introduce the information about the finding
of an advanced surgery method
E. To introduce the comparison between early and
modern methods of amputation
This text is for question number 3
Thomas Matulessy, also known as Kapitan Pattimura or Ahmad Lussy or simply Pattimura, was an Ambonese
soldier and National Hero of Indonesia. Pattimura was born on 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura
was his pseudonym. His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a little brother named
Yohanis.
Pattimura joined the British army after they took the Maluku islands from the Dutch colonials. When the islands
were returned to the Dutch in 1816, he was dismissed. Concerned that the Dutch would implement programs that
limited his people, Pattimura led an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede on 16 May 1817. Killing the
inhabitants of the fortress and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Maluku
people.
Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuanakotta, Pattimura was arrested on 11 November 1817.
He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together with Anthony Reebok, Philip
Latumahina, and Said Perintah were hanged in front of Fort Nieuw Victoria in Ambon.
Pattimura and his war have been used as symbols for both Maluku independence, such as with the short-lived
Republic of South Maluku, and Indonesian patriotism. In Ambon, he is commemorated in the names of the University
of Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and a street, as well as a statue; there are also streets named after him throughout the
archipelago.

3. It can be predicted from the passage that .... D. the Dutch would have sold Indonesian women and
A. Indonesia was backed up by the British army during children to other countries.
the war. E. King of Booi would have been the leader of the
B. the war of Maluku is considered as the heaviest Maluku people after he cooperated with the
independence war.
C. had Pattimura not been betrayed, the Dutch would
have lost the war.
This text is for question number 4 to 7
Mariachi, small Mexican musical ensemble composed of a variety of mostly stringed instruments. In addition to
referring to an ensemble, the term mariachi is also used for the individual performer of mariachi music or for the
music itself. Mariachi has long been considered a uniquely Mexican sound, representing a homegrown tradition that
embraces both indigenous and foreign elements.
The mariachi orchestra emerged in the late 1700s or early 1800s in west-central Mexico. The word mariachi
may have come from the now-extinct language of the Coca Indians, but both the word's etymology and the early
history of the form and its followers are unknown. The typical instruments of contemporary mariachi include the
vihuela, a five-string guitar related to an instrument popular in the Spanish Renaissance; the guitarrén, a large, fretless
six-string bass guitar; standard six-string acoustic guitar; and violins and trumpets, which usually play the melody.
Trumpets were not added until the early 20th century, but they are now more or less an essential element. Mariachi
music initially consisted of local or regional sones (instrumental music), but, early on, performances began to include
vocal elements.
Early mariachis dressed in peasant garb (usually white), though since the early 20th century male mariachi
bands typically have worn traje de charro, the attire of the cowboys of Jalisco—matching uniforms with tight,
ornamented trousers, boots, wide bow ties, sombreros, and short jackets. The traditional ensemble was all-male, but
since the 1940s women have played an increasing role in mariachi performance, and by the early 21st century there
were a number of all-female mariachi groups. Most female performers dressed either in a modified version of traje de
charro or in china poblana, a traditional costume consisting typically of an embroidered blouse, a long colourful skirt,
and a rebozo (shawl).
source: https://www.britannica.com/art/mariachi

4. The author‟s intention for writing the text is to .... E. The number of female mariachi groups rose up in
A. inform the readers about the features and origin the 1940s and by the early 21st century there
of mariachi were a number of all-female mariachi groups.
B. establish an understanding about the typical
instruments and costumes used by the mariachi 6. The word „indigenous‟ in Paragraph 1 means ....
orchestra A. contemporary
C. delight the readers with unknown facts of B. cultural
mariachi C. overwhelming
D. convince many people to admire mariachi for its D. complex
indigenous and foreign elements E. native
E. Inspire people with the victorious history pf
mariachi in Mexican tradition 7. Based on the text, what is the role of trumpets in a
mariachi orchestra?
5. Paragraph 3 can be summarized as ...
A. It used to be an essential element, but is no
A. White peasant garb is the official costume of
longer used today.
mariachi band. B. It wasn’t included at the beginning, but currently,
B. Since the early 20th century, all-male mariachi
it is an important element.
bands typically wear traje de charro, and by the C. Nowadays, it is considered less important than it
next century female performers wear either
was in the early 20th century.
modified traje de charro or china poblana. D. It is used more often today compared with the
C. The traditional ensemble was all-male, but since
early 20th century.
the 1940s women have played an increasing role E. It has been considered an important element
in mariachi performance.
since the early 1800s.
D. Male mariachi groups usually wear traje de
charro, meanwhile female groups typically wear
china poblana.
This text is for question number 8 to 14
The researchers set up a mock prison in the basement of Stanford University's psychology building and then
selected 24 undergraduate students--with no criminal background, lacked psychological issues, and had no significant
medical conditions--to play the roles of both prisoners and guards. The volunteers agreed to participate during a one to
two-week period in exchange for $15 a day.
The simulated prison included three six by nine-foot prison cells. Each cell held three prisoners and included
three cots. Other rooms across from the cells were utilized for the jail guards and warden. One tiny space was
designated as the solitary confinement room, and yet another small room served as the prison yard.
The 24 volunteers were then randomly assigned to either the prisoner group or the guard group. Prisoners were
to remain in the mock prison 24-hours a day during the study. Guards were assigned to work in three-man teams for
eight-hour shifts. After each shift, guards were allowed to return to their homes until their next shift. Researchers were
able to observe the behavior of the prisoners and guards using hidden cameras and microphones.
While the Stanford Prison Experiment was originally slated to last 14 days, it had to be stopped after just six
due to what was happening to the student participants. The guards became abusive, and the prisoners began to show
signs of extreme stress and anxiety. While the prisoners and guards were allowed to interact in any way they wanted,
the interactions were hostile or even dehumanizing. Five of the prisoners began to experience severe negative
emotions, including crying and acute anxiety and had to be released from the study early.
According to Zimbardo and his colleagues, because the guards were given total freedom, they began to behave
in ways they would not usually act in their everyday lives or other situations. The prisoners, placed in a situation
where they had no real control, became passive and depressed.
source: verywellmind.com (with modifications)
8. What can be inferred from the passage? for their mental health
A. Putting people in isolated cells damages their B. the prisoners rebelled and started attacking the
brain. guards
B. Possession of power and control alters human C. the guards became aggressive and abusive
behavior. toward the prisoners
C. People enjoy pleasure from others' stress and D. both the guards and the prisoners felt depressed
anxiety. and anxious
D. The researchers had planned the outcome of the E. the guards started to sympathize more with the
experiment. prisoners
E. Money incentives don't help people to endure
torture. 12. If we were to add a beginning paragraph
preceding the text, what would it most likely talk
9. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? about?
A. The experiment was stopped early due to A. The researchers' academic credentials
dangerous reactions of the participants. B. The psychology faculty of Stanford University
B. Prison guards will always be hostile toward C. The selection of the volunteers
prisoners. D. The background of the experiment
C. The researchers had already predicted how the E. The mechanism of the experiment
guards and prisoners would behave.
D. The guards and prisoners showed wholesome
13. Which of the following is true about the
behavior towards each other.
experiment?
E. The experiment was stopped because it did not
A. The participants must be free of criminal records
produce the desired results.
and not have any health issues.
B. The guards were divided into three teams that
10. What can be concluded from the behavior of the
worked eight-hour shifts.
participants? C. The experiment was cancelled not even halfway
A. Their behavior was influenced by the situation of the initial schedule.
they were put into. D. The prisoners started to get abusive due to the
B. Both the guards' and the prisoners' behavior took excessive freedom they had.
an unexpected turn. E. The researchers doing the experiment used the
C. The participants are well-adjusted to their new volunteer guards to observe the prisoners.
environment.
D. The prisoners had a hard time developing an
14. The experiment involved volunteers who .... to
assertive behavior.
take part as guards and prisoners in exchange for
E. The guards' unpredictable behavior was probably
money. Which of the following best fills the blank?
brought on by past trauma.
A. consented
11. The sentence "... the interactions were hostile or B. yielded
even dehumanizing" implies .... C. dissented
A. the isolated condition of prisoners was dangerous D. abided
E. obeyed
This text is for question number 15 to 20.
Scientists from the Cetacean Ecology Group at the University of Queensland, and colleagues, studied song
patterns of humpback whales from various regions between 2009 and 2015 and found that not only do they
collaboratively create songs within a defined population, but they also share those songs over the ocean waves, where
they are picked up by disparate populations from other regions. Over the six years scientists were observing whale
populations, they identified six unique songs which were transmitted eastward beginning with the west Australian
population and traveling to east Australia.
The songs follow a complex, language-like structure. Individual animals sing compositions consisting of moans,
cries, and other vocalizations called song units. Song units are composed into larger phrases, which are repeated to
form themes. Different themes are produced in a consistent sequence to form a song cycle that are then repeated for
hours, or even days. Over time, songs evolve through small changes which are adopted by all singers in a population.
As a result, songs change year over year and vary by population.
It was proposed that song transmission might occur as humpbacks leave their breeding grounds and migrate to
foraging grounds close to Antarctica. On that journey, a male humpback may end up swimming alongside males from
another population. When they hear his radically different song, they may borrow some themes or steal the entire
song. They will keep singing their new song when they return to their breeding grounds.
Notably, no one is certain why the whales sing. Most research suggests a courtship display, a conclusion
supported at least partially by the fact that singing is the exclusive ability of male humpbacks. Embellishing a song
may be a way for him to stand out. "These big changes jump out of the water at us, to our ears," Dr. Garland said. "So
I would assume they would be noticeable to females."
Source: syfy.com (with modifications)

15. Which of the following statements best expresses separated populations

the main idea of the passage? C. it can convey information and assert dominance
A. Changes to humpback whale song may occur with other males
when males embellish their own song through D. it evolves and spreads across populations over
addition, substitution or deletion at any course of years
hierarchical level. E. it is made up of repeated phrases and themes
B. Humpback songs can morph and migrate within
and between whale populations in a stepwise 18. As used in the last paragraph, the word
fashion. "embellishing" is closest in meaning to ....
C. Underwater recordings have revealed that A. taking something without permission and
humpback males sing during migration between without intending to return it
breeding and feeding habitats. B. forming something by putting parts together or
D. Whale songs travel in a linear pattern with combining elements
certain variances as some individuals are sung C. creating something more difficult by causing it
differently with very minor differences. to be more complex
E. When songs have significant changes D. making something more interesting by adding
performed by an individual whale, other pod extra features
members apply the said changes. E. representing something as being than it really is

16. All of the following can be inferred from the 19. It is most reasonable to conclude that the
passage, except ... complexity of humpback songs can be analyzed by
A. Male humpback whales go through a cultural measuring
revolution by picking up new songs when I. the sound the whales make
sharing the same space as other whales. II. the length of the sound patterns
B. During the song, humpbacks produce an III. the duration of a song session
intricate series of sounds that can be IV. the distance of whale migratory route
deconstructed into hierarchical elements. A. I and II
C. Some song learning can occur between whale
B. II and III
populations that are in close proximity and may
C. III and IV
be able to hear the other population's song.
D. Humpback whales can learn an entire song D. I, II, and III
pattern from another population very quickly,
E. All of the above
without leaving anything out.
20. "When they hear his radically different song, they
E. One whale finds mating success by tinkering
with the song style, the rest of the guys imitate may borrow some themes or steal the entire song."
it to better their chances. What meaning does the modal 'may' carry in this
context?
17. According to the passage, humpback songs have A. It shows permission.
similar structure to that of a language because.... B. It shows suggestion.
A. it is organized in a specific pattern using a clear C. It shows possibility.
set of rules D. It shows polite offer.
B. it displays variations among geographically E. It shows ability.