Viruses SG

Divyansh Chaudhary
BIOLOGY: Viruses Study Guide
1. Label the following and give the functions
Nucleic Acids (DNA)
Base Plate
Sheath
Tail Fibers
Collar
Capsid
Spikes
2. A bigger virus has what part that is not included above? What does
this part help with?
The part that is not included is envelope. This is used for extra protection for the virus.
bacteriaphage
3. A virus that infects a ________
bacteria is called a ___________
4. List two diseases from the notes that are communicable. Why are
these considered communicable?
Common Cold
Swine Flu
- Both of these are easily spread
5. ______________
Symptoms - evidence of damage to the host
6. ______________
Virulence - a measure of pathogenicity
7. Pathogenicity
______________ - ability to cause a disease
8. Compare and Contrast: Epidemic vs. Pandemic

Epidemic - In a certain region or country
Both are spread of virus/disease
Pandemic - world wide
9. Give one disease example from notes of each disease category

a. Food borne E. Coli
b. Water borne Typhoid
c. Blood Borne Hepatitis
d. Sexually Transmitted Herpes
e. Zoonotic Rabies
f. Airborne TB - Tubercolosis
10. Why are viruses considered non-living? (think about COLs)

They don't fully have all the characteristics of life. They don't respirate, grow or develop
11. What is one COL that a virus has? Why?

It can reproduce. However, this is only if it is connected to a cell. This is as it can replicate
12. What are two ways viruses can be named? It can be named by the last name or the
organ infected
13. The arrangement of _________

proteins determines a viruses shape
14. The amount of _______

genes can affect how quickly a virus can be
fought off
15. Explain the lock and key idea for a virus

The key is the virus(protein) and the lock is the receptor site of the cell.
When they both connect, the cell gives energy to the cell. The receptor also give the place for the virus
to inject its DNA or RNA into the Cell.
16. What are the three types of vaccines? Explain each of them and
give an example of a common vaccine.
Inactivated - Viruses that cannot replicate in host
Attenuated - viruses that have been genetically altered so they are not capable of causing the disease
Boosters - an additional dose to extend protection
17. Compare and contrast: Lytic vs. Lysogenic Cycle

Lytic cycle is the way the virus replicates by replicated its DNA and spread by killing the cell.
Lysogenic Cycle is the way that the virus replicates by implementing its DNA into the host cell's chromosome.
The similarity is that they both attach and inject DNA or RNA in the same way.
Difference is that Lytic Cycle kills or bursts the cell while the Lysogenic Cycle can still continue to function
18. Viral replication - what is missing

a. The virus attaches to the ______host cell
b. The virus injects its _________
nucleic acid ________into the host cell.
c. The host cell uses its supplies to make ________
copies of the viral
nucleic acid and _________.
proteins
d. New viruses are assembled and ready to be ________.
released
e. The host cell _______

breaks open_______ and releases the new viruses
to ________
continue the infection cycle.
19. Compare and Contrast: Provirus vs. retrovirus. (Give a common

disease for each of these) (what do these viruses infect?) (what
protein does one of them use? How does this help?)
Provirus is the type of virus where the DNA of the virus is integrated in the DNA of the host cell. The cell can
still function with this type of virus. Ex. Herpes
Retrovirus is the type of virus that follows a combination of Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic where. It follows the
most complex reproductive cycle. - Reverse Transcriptase, which it carries in Capsid to turn RNA into x2
DNA. Finally, it integrates itself into the cell's chromosomes and becomes provirus - HIV
Similar because both of these enter the cell the same way
Difference is that Provirus doesn't make copies of its DNA by Reverse Transcriptase.
20. Compare and Contrast: Prion vs. viroid. (Give a common disease
for each of these) (what do these viruses infect?) (what do they look
like?)
Prions - made of proteins but no nucleic acid. It is very fatal in for the (affect) brain because it
forms in clumps which lead to improper functioning Similtarity; both
- lead to Mad Cow disease viruses
Viroids on the other hand are viruses that do not have any protective coat but just a single strand
of RNA - Single Circular Strand
- not very common
-seen in plants
21. What did the following scientists do?
a. Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur created Germ Theory, preventing diseases w/ vaccines(Rabies),
and the pasteurization process.
b. Robert Koch Robert Koch discovered Tubercolosis
c. Alexander Fleming Alexander Flemming made Penicillin
d. Jonas Salk Jonas Stalk created the Polio Vaccine

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Divyansh Chaudhary

BIOLOGY: Viruses Study Guide

1. Label the following and give the functions

Nucleic Acids (DNA)

- Both of these are easily spread

8. Compare and Contrast: Epidemic vs. Pandemic

9. Give one disease example from notes of each disease category

10. Why are viruses considered non-living? (think about COLs)

11. What is one COL that a virus has? Why?

13. The arrangement of _________

14. The amount of _______

15. Explain the lock and key idea for a virus

Boosters - an additional dose to extend protection

17. Compare and contrast: Lytic vs. Lysogenic Cycle

18. Viral replication - what is missing

e. The host cell _______

19. Compare and Contrast: Provirus vs. retrovirus. (Give a common

b. Robert Koch Robert Koch discovered Tubercolosis

c. Alexander Fleming Alexander Flemming made Penicillin

d. Jonas Salk Jonas Stalk created the Polio Vaccine

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