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Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on reproductive health among

adoloscent girl

Article in Indian Medical Gazette · August 2013

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Indian Medical Gazette — AUGUST 2013 287

Original Article

Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on

Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Girls
Gouri Kumari Padhy, Associate Prof.,
Dept. of Community Medicine,
Anasuya Pattanayak, Vice Principal
— Hi-Tech Medical College of Nursing.
Dhaneswari Jena, Assistant Prof.,
Dept. of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College.

Abstract increased from 39.24% to 88.85% (before and after PTP

respectively). Regarding knowledge of high risk behavior
Introduction: WHO defines adolescence as the period
the score increased from 19.44 % to 82.87%. The
of life between 10-19 years. It is a period of rapid physical
knowledge on Anatomy and physiology of reproduction,
and biological changes, which may lead to confusion,
AIDS and STD,reproductive health and personal hygiene
tension, frustration, and feeling of insecurity.Adolescence
etc also improved significantly after PTP. Conclusion:
is a prime time for health promotion and to encourage them
Imparting PTP on reproductive health among adolescent
to establish healthy patterns of behavior that will influence
girls is quite effective if done in a well organized and
their development and health in later years. Adolescents are
scientific way.
at high risk for nutritional morbidity. It is seen that
adolescent groups have negative attitude towards balanced Keywords
diet and it was found that they were not aware of nutritional
requirement, personal hygiene, menstrual hygiene, etc. reproductive health, adolescent girls
Feeling this need a planned teaching programme (PTP) was
Introduction
conducted on reproductive health education to enable an
adolescent girl to develop skill, competencies and ability to WHO defines adolescence as the period of life between
deal with varied aspects of adolescence and to attain a safe 10-19 years6. It is a period of rapid physical and biological
motherhood in future. Objective: To assess the impact of changes, which may lead to confusion, tension, frustration,
planned teaching programme on family life education. and feeling of insecurity. Adolescence is said to be a period
Methodology: The study sample consisted of 144 of stress and strain .It is the period in which foundations
adolescent girls of a high school in Ankuli, Berhampur. A can be laid for a long and healthy life. Adolescence is a
structured questionnaire was used as a tool for data prime time for health promotion and for establishment of
collection. Data was collected before and after planned healthy behavior that will influence health in later years.
teaching programme and it was analyzed using percentage Adolescents are at high risk for nutritional morbidity. It has
and Wilcoxan paired sign rank test. Result: It was found been seen that adolescents have negative attitude towards
that there was gain in knowledge in various aspects after balanced diet and it was also found that they were not aware
conduction of PTP. Regarding nutrition the average score of nutritional requirement, personal hygiene, menstrual
Address for correspondence: Dr Gouri Kumari Padhy, Flat - 203, Subhadra Enclave, Palasuni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha - 751 025.
E-mail: gouripadhy@gmail.com
288 Indian Medical Gazette — AUGUST 2013

hygiene, etc. Adolescent pregnancies constitute 10-15% A total of 144 students participated in the pre-test
of total pregnancies in India. This is largely attributed to assessment. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered
early marriage, a culture widely prevalent in the whole of which included baseline characteristics of the study
the Indian sub-continent2,13. Among adolescents, girls are population (Section-I) and questions related to knowledge
biologically more susceptible to sexually transmitted on nutrition during adolescence, physical, physiological and
diseases (STDs), including HIV infection. Thus, in order psychological changes during adolescence, menstruation,
to lead a healthy, responsible, fulfilling life and to have menstrual hygiene regarding pregnancy, antenatal care and
protection from reproductive health problems, adolescents contraception (Section-II).
need to have sound information about the physical,
psychological and social changes that take place through Intervention
childhood and adolescence1,11. Feeling this need, a study A comprehensive health education program was
was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a planned organized for this group of students. A session of 45 min
teaching programme (PTP) on reproductive health. Health duration was conducted once wkly for consecutive 3
Education was given to enable adolescent girls to develop months (preferably on every Wednesday). The training
skill, competencies and ability to deal with varied aspects methods included a didactic lecture followed by interactive
of adolescence and to attain a safe motherhood in future. sessions. Audio visual aids such as chalk and blackboard,
charts, posters and video films were also used. Some
Objective
examples and stories related to above things were delivered
I. To assess the knowledge regarding reproductive to make the session interesting. Feedback was collected in
health among adolescent girls (pre-test). letter box approached in order to clarify the doubt related
to this topics.
II. To develop, validate and conduct Planned Teaching
Programme (PTP) on reproductive health. The topics included were
III. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching Ø nutrition during adolescence( for prevention of low
programme on reproductive health in terms of gain birth weight baby)
in knowledge in post test.
Ø physical, physiological and psychological changes
Methodology: This interventional study was carried out during adolescence
in the year 2009-2010 among students of standard X of
Sarojini High School, Ankuli, Berhampur to assess the Ø menstruation, menstrual hygiene
effectiveness of planned teaching programme on
Ø pregnancy, antenatal care and various methods of
reproductive health.The study sample consisted of 144
contraception/ Reproductive health & personal
adolescent girls. Baseline data regarding knowledge about
hygiene (for better reproductive health)
reproductive health was collected from students in pretest
period with privacy and confidentiality, intervention was Ø high risk behavior
done by giving health education regarding adolescent
nutrition, reproductive health and personal hygiene, Ø adolescent sexuality (STD / HIV / AIDS &
adolescent sexuality, high risk behaviors and adverse effects Substance abuse)
of premarital sex. Post intervention knowledge assessment
Post-test: The effect of the intervention was evaluated
was done again by using same questionnaire.
immediately following intervention (after 3 months of health
Pre-test: A 24-item structured questionnaire was used education) with a post-test questionnaire. The pre-test and
as a tool for data collection. To ensure confidentiality, post-test scores were expressed in the form of percentages
students were asked not to furnish their names. Willingness and proportions. Data collected before and after planned
to participate in the study was obtained by a verbal consent teaching programme were analyzed using Wilcoxan paired
from the students after explaining the objectives of the study. sign rank test.
Indian Medical Gazette — AUGUST 2013 289

Result gave right answers to various points (sections 2) in the

questionnaire during pre-test and post-test.
The total number of subjects in this study was 144.
Table 1 reflects the socio demographic profile of adolescent It is seen from (Table 2) that, though most of the
girls. Most of the adolescent girls were found in age of 15 students (73.6%) were aware of the relation of high calorie
yrs and no one was in age of 17 years. Most of the girls diet and obesity,but their knowledge regarding role of iron,
(94.4%) were Hindu. Majority of girls (60.4%) were of calcium and iodine rich diet was poor (30.5%, 16.6% and
general caste.51.3% of adolescent girls had family income 36% respectively). There was significant improvement in
less than Rs.5, 000/-. knowledge in all aspects related to nutrition during post
Tables 2 and 3 shows the number of students who test period.

Table 3 shows that though the students had a good

knowledge regarding ovulation, the knowledge regarding
age at first menses and genital hygiene was poor at pre-
test. Almost half the students were aware of the term
ovulation. Their knowledge regarding menstruation and
menstrual hygiene improved significantly from 36.1% to
79. 1% respectively after intervention. Missed period as
the first sign pregnancy was known only to around 12.5%
of the students. The intervention significantly improved
participants’ knowledge by a margin of 64%. Regarding
contraception, the average score for correct answers was
33 % before and 88 % after the PTP respectively. Twenty
percent students were aware of safe period as a method
for contraception which was increased to 86.1% after the
education. Regarding the high risk behavior the average
score increased from 19.44 % to 82.87 % after the PTP .

Wilcoxan paired rank test shows the significant

difference in score while evaluating knowledge regarding
adolescent reproductive health during pre and post test
period in almost all aspects. (especially in questions /
knowledge related to nutrition, anatomy and physiology of
reproductive system, Reproductive health and personal
hygiene, adolescent sexuality, high risk behavior, AIDS and
STD there was significant improvement).
290 Indian Medical Gazette — AUGUST 2013

Discussion Imparting health education on reproductive health among

This study examined the effect of health education on adolescent girls is quite effective if done in a well organized
students’ knowledge towards reproductive health. The and scientific way. It creates an increased awareness among
package was effective in improving knowledge level of them, which can empower them to take care of their own
adolescent girls on various issues related to reproductive health as well as protect themselves from possible reproductive
health. Various other studies have also shown the health problems. An integrated and collective approach by
effectiveness of interventions in increasing knowledge of teachers, nurses, health personnel, parent and Govt. should
reproductive health10,11,12,13. Pre-marital sex and teenage be carried out for a holistic development of adolescent health.
pregnancy are increasing in most of the countries like India It ensures a sound mind in a sound body which can enable the
and there is lack of sufficient knowledge about the available individual having a safe mother hood in future .
contraceptive devices in the younger population14.
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