Ebook 1

« wpftkyf 800 usyf »
pmayavmupmtkyf trSwf 325
vufa½G;pif
EdkifiHwum
&opHk yHkjyifrsm;
cifarmifwdk; (rdk;rdwf)
pmayavmu pmtkyfwdkuf
trSwf 173? 33 vrf;? &efukefNrdKU/
« zkef; - 285166»
pmtkyfpmwrf; pme,fZif;
cGifhjyKtrSwf « 21^99 (5) »
pmtkyfpmwrf; rsufESmzHk;
cGifhjyKtrSwf « 467^2002 (6) »
rsufESmzHk;
aZmfarmif
---
twGif;o½kyfazmf
a½Trif;om;
---
yHkESdyfjcif;
yxrtBudrf
---
xkwfa0jcif;
Zlvdkif? 2002
(1000)
---
pmtkyfcsKyf
udkjrifh
OD;wifhvGif (3523) aomfupmay

trSwf 605? ok"r®mvrf;? X^wdk;csJU&yfuGuf
ajrmufOuúvmy? &efukefNrdKUrS xkwfa0í
a':cifvS (NrJ 01578)? pmayavmu yHkESdyfwdkuf
trSwf 173? 33vrf;? &efukefNrdKUwGif
rsufESmzHk;ESifh twGif;pmom;rsm; yHkESdyfonf/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
H um&opkyH jHk yifrsm; u 1
cifarmifwdk; (rdk;rdwf)
vufa½G;pif
EdkifiHwumyHkjyifrsm;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
a&S; w½kwftrsKd;orD;awGrSm ajcz0g;ao;ao;uav;awG &SdaeMuw,fvdkY

,lqvmcJMh uw,f/ csr;f omMuG,0f jyD; jrifjh rwfwhJ rdom;pku orD;i,frsm;&JY
ajcz0g;udk MuD;rvmapzdkY usyfpnf;xkyf xm;Muw,f/ 'gayrJh vGefcJhwJh ESpf
axmifaygif;rsm;pGmwkef;uawmh w½kwftrsdK;orD;awG&JU ajcz0g;awG[m
olwYkdvifom;rsm;&JU ajcz0g;awGxuf ydMk uD;MuowJ/h tJ'u D mv trsK;d orD;
awG&JU tvSwpfyg;xJrSm ajcz0g;MuD;wmvnf; ygcJhw,ffaygh/
tJ'u D mvwke;f uaygh/
],if&Sef;}qdkwJh bk&ifMuD;wpfyg;&SdcJhw,f/ olYrdzk&m;uawmh tvSeJY
ywfoufjyD; ausmMf um;wJh ]wDcsi;f } yJ/ El;nHjh yD; tcsKd ;usvw
S hJ olYajcz0g;[m
14 vufrawmif &SnfowJh/ bk&ifu odyfjrwfEdk;awmfrlvSwJh ajcz0g;aygh/
rdz&k m;udvk J odycf spfawmfrol wJ/h
bk&ifeJY rdzk&m; ESpfOD;pvHk;[m odyfudk ttdyfaumif;Muw,f/
rsufpdrSdwfvdkufwmeJY cPtwGif; tdyfarmusoGm;wmyJwJh/ reufvif;vdkY
a&Ta'gif;awG wGefumrS Edk;vmMuawmhowJh/
'gayrJh rdzk&m;rSm tusifhqdk;wpfck&Sdaew,f/ tdyfrufa,mifjyD;
vrf;xavQmufwJh tusifhqdk;aygh/ n0wf&HkMuD;eJY wpfcef;0if wpfcef;xGuf
avQmufoGm;aewJh rdzk&m;udk tapcHawGu cP cP awGY&zl;w,f/ tJ'D
tcsdefrsdK;rSm rsufpdyGifhaeayr,fh bmrSrjrifbl;wJh/ vrf;avQmufvdkY auseyf
avmufrS rdzk&m;[m tdyfcef;aqmifxJ wef;wef;rwfrwf jyef0ifoGm;wm
udkvnf; awGYMu&w,f/ awGYjrifzl;olawG[m tcsif;csif; vufwdkYajymMu
w,f/ 'gayrJh bk&ifr&dyfrdatmifawmh txl; owdxm;Mu&wmaygh/
wpfaeYawmh eef;wGif;olwpfa,mufu olYoli,fcsif;udk wdk;wdk;
wdk;wdk; ajymaew,f/ 'gudk bk&ifujrifoGm;awmh bmawG wdk;wdk;
vkyfaewmvJ ighudk rSefrSefajymprf;? rajym&if eifhacgif;udk jzwfypfr,fvdkY
jcdrf;ajcmufw,f? 'Dawmh eef;wGif;olu trSeftwdkif;xkwfajymvdkuf&vdkY
olYrdzk&m; tdyfrufa,mifwwfaMumif; odoGm;awmhowJh/
tJ'DnrSm rtdyfawmhbJ rdzk&m;udkapmifhMunfhzdkY ol qHk;jzwfw,f/
'Dawmh tdy&f m0ifjyD;ESpef m&DavmuftMumrSm tdy&f mxJux? rwfwwf&yfjyD;
tcef;awGxJavQmufoGm;wJh rdzk&m;udk jrif&awmhwmaygh/ bk&ifu tom
uav; aemufu avQmufvdkufoGm;w,f/ rdzk&m;uvnf; ajcoHrMum;
4 u cifarmifw;dk (rk;d rdw)f
&atmif zGzG uav;avQmufaew,f/ bk&if[m aemufuvdkufae&if;
olYrzd &k m; wpfcck ek YJwu kd rf jd yD;vJrmS odypf ;kd &drv
f mw,f? 'gaMumifh rdz&k m;&JUcg;udk
aemufuae zufvu kd jf yD; usev f ufwpfzufeYJ yg;pyfukd ydwx f m;vdu
k w
f ,f/
'Dvrkd rS ydw&f if rdz&k m;vefYatmfvYkd eef;awmfwpfcv k ;kH Ed;k ukerf ,fr[kwv f m;/
xifwJhtwdkif;yJ rdzk&m;[m vefYzsyfjyD; vGwfatmif&kef;w,f/ &kef;&if;
owdjyef0ifvmumrS vifawmfarmif bk&ifjzpfaerSef; odoGm;awmhowJh/
'Dawmhvnf; bk&ifeJYtwl cef;rawGjzwfjyD; puf&mcef;aqmifxJ jyef0if
oGm;owJh/
]usKyf tifrwefcspf&wJh rdzk&m;&,f? tdyfrufa,mifwwfw,f
vdkYvnf;usKyfudk wpfcgrS rajymbl;ygvm;? ajymomxm;&if a&Tajccsif;
qifjref;ay;jyD; a&ToHMudK;keJY ntcg csnfxm;Edkifwmaygh rdzk&m;&,f}
][kwfygw,f armifawmf? ESrawmf i,fi,fuwnf;u tdyfruf
a,mif wwfygw,f? 'gayrJh ESrawmfab;rSm usuo f a&taygif;canmif;wJh
armifawmf &Sdae&if nwdkif; ESrawmfvufudkqGJjyD; vrf;avQufwwfwJh
ewfqdk;awG aMumuf&GHUoGm;Mur,fvdkY arQmfvifhawG;xifcJhygw,f? 'gayrJh
'Dewfq;kd awGcx k d rajy;Muao;bl; armifawmf&,f}
'gaMumifh bk&ifu nnrsm;rSm rdzk&m;&JU a&Tajcusif;udk ovGefeJU
wGcJ snx f m;ay;vdu k w f ,f/ aemufaeYreuf yGaJ wmfwnfcsed rf mS nutdyrf uf
rufao;ovm;vdkY ar;Munfhw,f/
]rufw,f armifawmf? odyfudkxdyfvefYp&m tddyfrufyJ? tdyfrufxJrSm
armifawmfu ta0;wdkif;wyg;a&mufaew,f? ESrawmfu armifawmfudk
vdu k &f mS w,f? &ufaygif;rsm;pGm rem;rae&Smayr,fh rawGYb;l ? wpfaeYawmh
armifawmfudk &Smaecdkuf ESrawmfaemufbufuae e*g;MuD;wpfaumifu
jzKef;ceJ odrf;usHK;jyD; olYudk,fMuD;eJY &pfywfvdkufw,f/ yg;pyfudkvnf;
olY&UJ a&Tvuf0g;MuD;eJY ydwx f m;vdu k wf ,f/ ESrawmfvefYE;kd vdYk tod0ifvmwJh
tcg armifawmfu, kd af wmfwikd f jzpfaew,fav}
tdyrf uftaMumif; Mum;vdu k &f awmh bk&ifpw d rf csrf;romjzpfjyD;
]tdk pdwfvufrtDrom jzpfae&SmwJh usKyf&JU rdzk&m;&,f? tdyfrufqdk;
awG qufrrufatmif usKyfenf;vrf;&SmrS jzpfawmhr,fxifyg&JU} vdkY
jiD;wGm;ajymqdkvdkufw,f/
'DdtcgrSm rdzk&m;u ]tif; ESrawmfcHpm;&wJh 'ku©&JU taMumif;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
t&if;[m ESrawmf&JU a[m'D ajcz0g;vSvSMuD;awGjzpfaervm;vdkY awG;rd
w,f? eef;awmfxJrSma&m? O,smOfawmfxJrSma&m wpfaeYvHk; wpfxdkifwnf;
xdkifae&vdkY tifrwefMuD;rm;vSwJh ESrawmf ajcz0g;awG rcHEdkifawmhbl;
xifw,f? vrf;avQmufcsifvmrSm aocsmw,fav? 'gayrJh aeYcif;rSm
avQmufcGifhrMuHKbl;? 'Dawmh nrSm avQmufawmhwmaygh}
taMumif;&if;udk bk&ifo&d jyDrYdk olwYkdEpS Of ;D pvH;k *kP
k ,f rl qH;k jzpfaewJh
rdz&k m;&JU ajcz0g;awGao;csiaf o;oGm;ygapawmh ukozdYk qH;k jzwfvu kd &f w,f/
aemufaeYrSm wdkif;jynfrSm tuRrf;usifqHk; orm;awmfMuD;udkac:jyD; cGJpdwf
ukoapcJhw,f/ orm;awmfMuD;u rdzk&m;&JU ajcz0g;udk udk;vufrwdwd
cGpJ w
d f jzwfawmufay;vdu k w f ,f/ uRrf;uRrf;usifusif cGpJ w d jf zwfawmufchJ
wmrdYk rdz&k m;[m emusirf I odyrf cHpm;&bl;/ cGpJ w d jf zwfawmufwt hJ emvnf;
rMumcifrSm vHk;0aysmufuif;oGm;cJhw,f/
aemufydkif;nawGrSm b,fawmhrS tdyfrufqdk;vnf;rrufawmhbl;?
tdyfrufvnf; ra,mifawmhbl;wJh/
'gayrJh rdzk&m;rSm 'ku©opfwpfck0ifvmjyefw,f/ wjcm;rdef;rawG&JU
ajcz0g;uMuD;jyD; olYajcz0g;uao;ao;av;/ 'Dawmh ajcz0g;ao;ao;
uav;udk vljrif&if&Sufp&mrdkY wpfaeYvHk; idkidkae&wJh 'ku©aygh/ Mumawmh
bk&if raeEdik jf yefb;l / trdeYfjyefwrf;wpfck xkwv f u kd &f w,f/ jyefwrf;uawmh
]w½kwfjynfu trsdK;orD;awGrSm tao;i,fqHk; ajcz0g;&Sd&r,f?
trsdK;orD;wdkif;&JU ajcz0g;[m rdzk&m;ajcz0g;wuf i,fae&r,f? cRif;csuf
tjzpf i,f&G,fwJh bk&ifhorD;awmfawGuawmh rdzk&m;
ajcz0g;eJY tenf;i,ft&G,t f pm;
wlEdkifw,f} wJh/
'gaMumifrYkd vnf; jrifjh rwfwhJ
rsdK;EG,fawGu olwdkY&JU orD;awGudk
uaeYwikd f usyfpnf;ay;Muwm
jzpfygowJ/h
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ol&def? a'a0geJY pE´marmifESr
[dk; a&S;a&S;wkef;u ol&defrif;om;? a'a0grif;om;eJY pE´mrif;orD;uav;

armifErS oH;k a,mufwYkd[m OD;OD;rd;k MudK;? a':a':vQypf ;D wdYkeYJtwl xrif;vufqkH
pm;MuzdkY xGufvmMuowJh/ armifESroHk;a,muf xGufoGm;uwnf;u
rdcifMuD;[m olwYkduav;awG jyeftvmudk vnfwarmharmh apmifah rQmaf e&Sm
w,fav/ ([d;k aumif;uifxu J ta0;qH;k wpfae&mrSm jrif&wJh Mu,fyiG Mhf uD;
[m ol&ed ?f a'a0g? pE´mwdYk &UJ rdcifMuD;yJaygh)/
ol&ed ?f a'a0gqdw
k hJ om;ESpaf ,mufuawmh avmbodyMf uD;MuowJ/h
wpfu, kd af umif;vnf; qefMuw,f/b,favmufrsm; wpfu, kd af umif;qef
vdkufMuovJqdkawmh auR;orQ tpm;tpmawGudk jrdef&nf,Suf&nf
t0twif; pm;jyD;wJhtxd pm;aumif;aomufzG,f enf;enf;yg;yg;udk
rdcifMuD;twGuf ,loGm;MuzdkY wpfpufuav;rS rawG;rdMuwJhtxdyJav/
'gayrJh odraf rGUvSwhJ pE´mrif;orD;av;uawmh olYtpfuakd wGvkd r[kwb f ;l /
rdcifMuD;udk trSw&f w,f/ 'gaMumifh rdcifMuD;twGuf &nfp;l jyD; csauR;xm;wJh
[if;vsmaumif; enf;enf;pD,ljyD; olY&JU vufonf;cGH &Snf&SnfvSvSav;
awGxJrSm xnfhxm;owJh/
armifErS oH;k a,mufjyefa&mufvmMuawmh rdcifMuD; ody0f rf;omoGm;
wmaygh/ rdcifMuD;[m awmufy0if;vufwJh rsufvHk;tpHkeJY om;orD;awGudk
wpfnvHk;apmifhMunfhaeawmhowJh/ tJ'Dvdk apmifhMunfhae&if; ]uJ om;wdkY?
orD;wdYk arharhtwGuf bmawGrsm; ,lvmMuao;ovJu, G ?f ajymMuprf;ygOD;}
vdkY ar;vdkufw,fqdkyJ/
'Dawmh om;tMuD;qHk; ol&defrif;om;u ][mAsm? araruvJ
bmyg&rSmvJ?oGm;uwnf;udu k ud, k b fh mom aysmaf ysmyf g;yg; pm;zdYkaomufzYkd
yJAs/ ararhtwGuf pm;p&mawG oGm;,lwmrS r[kwfbJ 'gaMumifh bmrS
rygbl;} vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,fav/
a'a0grif;om;uvJ ]uRefawmfvJ ararhtwGuf bmrS r,lcJhbl;?
uRefawmf aysmfyg;zdkYoGm;wmyJ arar&m? pm;p&mawG uRefawmf,lvmvdrfh
r,fvdkY arar b,fvdkvkyfarQmfvifhvdkY jzpfyghrvJ} vdkY ajzvdkufowJh/
'gayrJh pE´m rif;orD;uav;uawmh tpfudkawG r,lcJhayr,fh
]orD;,lcJhw,f? uJ yef;uefwpfcsyfom ,lcJhayawmh arar?
orD;bmawG,cl w hJ ,fqw
kd m ararjrif&r,f} vdYk rGerf eG &f nf&nfajymjyw,f/
rdcifMuD;[m odyf0rf;omoGm;jyD; yef;uefjym;wpfcsyfoGm;,lowJh/
pE´mrif;orD;uav;u rdcifMuDd,lvmwJhyef;uefjym;xJudk vufonf;cGH
&Sn&f n
S f vSvu S av;awGxJ xnfv h mwJh pm;aumif;aomufz, G af v;awGukd
cgcsvdkufw,f/ yef;uefxJusvmwJh pm;aumif;aomufzG,ftm;vHk;[m
rdcifMuD;pm;zdkY tqef;wMu,fawGcsnf;yJwJh/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh 'Dvdk
tpm;tpmrsKd ;udk rdcifMuD;[m wpfcgrQrawGYz;l ? rpm;cJzh ;l yJu;kd / rdcifMuD;[m
tifrwefudk yDwdjzpfoGm;w,f/ MunfEl;0rf;ajrmufoGm;w,f/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ rdcifMuD;[m ol&defrif;om;buf vSnfhvdkufjyD;
]rif;[m taygif;toif;awGeJY aysmfyg;zdkYavmufom wpfudk,faumif;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
qefqefawG;jyD; xGufoGm;w,f/ tdrfrSmusefcJhwJh ararhtwGuf wpfcsuf
uav;rS owdr&bl;? pm;p&muav;enf;enf;yg;yg; ,lvmaz:awmif
trSwfr&bl;? 'DtwGufrif;udk usdefpmcwf&r,f? uaeYupjyD; rif;&Jh
a&mifjcnfawG[m xm0pOf yljyif;aevdrfhr,f? rif;a&mifjcnfawGeJY xdawGY
orQt&mwdkif; avmifuRrf;oGm;vdrfhr,f? 'gaMumifh rif;udk vlawGu
rke;f wD;Muvdrrhf ,f? pufqyk &f &HG mS Muvdrrhf ,f? rif;jyLxGuv f mwmeJY vlawG[m
OD;acgif;awGukd zH;k tkyu
f muG,x f m;Muvdrrhf ,f}vdUk ajymvdu k o f wJ/h ( 'gaMumifh
vJ ae[m uaeYtxd tvGefyljyif;aewmjzpfw,f/)
'Daemuf rdcifMuD;[m a'a0grif;om;bufvSnfhjyD; ajymjyefowJh/
]rif;vJ taysmfMuL;jyD; ararhudk arhavsmhaewJhom;yJ? 'Dawmh rif;vJ
tjypf'PfcH&r,ff? yljyif;ajcmufaoGYwJh OwkrsdK;rSm rif;tjrJwrf;wddkufcwf
ae&r,f? rif;[m ouf&SdrSeforQudk aoGYajcmuf&IHUwGapvdrfhr,f? 'gaMumifh
uaeYupjyD; rif;[m vlawG&JU trkef;'Pfudk cH&r,f? vlawGu rif;udk
a&SmifMuvdrrhf ,f? ('gaMumifv h nf; aEGOwkrmS wdu k cf wfwahJ vylukd vlawGu
vufrcHEikd Mf uwmjzpfw,f/)
aemufqHk;usrS rdcifMuD;[m pE´mriforD;uav;bufvSnfYjyD;
]orD;uav;? orD;uav;uawmh taz:taygif;awGeYJ aysmfaMumif;azG&if;
rSmawmif ararhudk rarhbl;? owd&az:&ayw,f? 'gaMumifh uaeYuaejyD;
orD;uav;[m xm0pOf Munfvifaeayvdrrhf ,f? orD;av;&JU a&mifjcnf[m
0if;vuf&Tef;jzmjyD; at;jraevdrfhr,f? 'gaMumifh orD;av;udk vlawGu
]wnfjidrfvSwJh £ajE´ &Sifrav;} tjzpf todtrSwfjyKMuayvdrfhr,f/
orD;uav;&JU MunfMunfvifvif at;at;jrjr? 0if;vuf&eT ;f jzmusvmwJh
a&mifjcnfxJrSm pl;&JwJh b,fvdk a&mifjcnfrsKd;rS a&m,Sufygvmvdrfhr,f
r[kwfbl;}
]'gaMumifh orD;uav;udk ]arwÅm&Sifrav;} vdkY jrwfjrwfEdk;Edk;
ac:Muayvdrfr,f} vdkY ajymvdkufowJh/
(rdcifMuD;&Jh 'DqkaMumifh va&mif[m uaeYtxd tvGefEl;nHh
at;jrjyD;vSyaewmjzpfw,f)/
n
cdkrif; ESifh usD;rdkuf
[d;k a&S;tcgwke;f u olaX;MuD;wpfO;D &JUpm;zdrk ;IS [m tavmif;awmf cdrk if;udk

zrf;,ljyD; avSmiftrd uf av;wpfcx k xJ nfx h m;owJ/h avSmiftrd u
f kd pm;zdak qmif
em;rSm cswd xf m;jyD; cdrk if;udk tpmrSerf eS af uR;w,f/ 'Dvkd aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f
xm;jyD; tpmrSefrSefauR;wmuawmh ukodkvf&csifvdkYjzpfw,f/
wpfaeYusawmh avmbMuD;vSwJhusD;wpfaumif[m pm;zdkaqmifem;
a&mufvmw,f/ usD;[m pm;zdkaqmifem;rSm w&pf0J0JysHoef;tpm&Sm&if;
pm;zdkaqmifxJu pm;aumif;aomufzG,fawGudk jrifoGm;owJh/ 'Dawmh
pm;csifvGef;vdkY oGm;&nfwrsm;rsm; usvmawmhwmaygh/
tif;? 'Dpm;p&mawGudk pm;&atmif b,fvdkMuH&ygh/
usD;utMuHxkwfw,f/ aemufqHk;rSm tMuHaumif;wpfck &oGm;
a&mwJ/h
wpfaeY tavmif;awmfcrkd if;u avSmiftrd x f u J xGuv f mjyD;tjyifrmS
tpm&Smpm;aew,f/ 'Dtcdkuf tMuHaumif;&xm;wJhusD; a&mufvmowJh/
usD;udkjrifvdkufawmh tavmif;awmfcdkrifu ]toifusD; ? bmrsm;tvdk&SdvdkY
ygvdrfh? wu,fawmh uREfkyfwdkYESpfOD;u tMudKufcsif;wlMuwmrS r[kwfwm
yJAsm} vdkY ajymvdkufowJh/
]tdk b,f[kwfyghrvJ? wlygw,fav? oifhudkvJ usKyfu cifrif
csifw,f? usKyfudkvnf; rdwfaqGaumif;tjzpf rSwf,lyg? uJ? usKyfwdkYESpfOD;
twlwl tpm&Smpm;MuygpdkY&JU}
cdkrif;uoabmwlvufcHvdkufvdkY ESpfOD;om;twlwl tpm&Smpm;Mu
w,f?'gayr,ft h BudKucf si;f wlMuwmr[kwaf vawmhus;D u cdrk if;&Smpm;aewJh
tpmrsKd;ukdyJ &Smpm;csifa,mif aqmif&awmhwmaygh/ tJ'Dvdk ta,mif
aqmif&if; rMum rMum aemufjyefvSnfhvSnfhNyD; EGm;acs;ykHxJu EGm;acs;ykd;
BuD;awGukd qdwfqdwfpm;owJh/ Adkuf0awmh cdkrif;eJYcGJNyD; tjrefqkH; ysHwuff
vdkufw,f/ usD;u avxJrSmysH0J&if; ajrjyifrSm tpm&Smpm;aeqJjzpfwJh
cdrk if;ukv
d rS ;f ajymowJ/h
]tdk rdwfaqG ckd&JU? pm;wm MumvScsnfvm;? tpm&Smpm;csdef
owfowfrw S rf wS u
f av;awmh xm;OD;rSaygh? arSmifaeNyDav? jyefMupdYk &UJ }
'DawmhrS cdrk if;vnf;tpm&Sm&yfvu kd Nf yD; usD;eJYtwl pm;zkad qmifbuf
jyefvmcJw h ,f? cdrk if;eJYtwl usD;wpfaumifygvmwmudk pm;zdrk LS ;u qD;jrif
vkdufawmh cdku tazmf&SmvmNyDyJvdkY awG;NyD; avSmiftdrfwpfck xyfcsdwf
xm;ay;vdkufowJh/ okH;av;&uftMumrSm pm;zdkrSL;u olaX;BuD;twGuf
ig;awG0,fvmcJhw,f/ ig;awG vSrf;awGUvdkufwmeJY usD;u pm;csifpdwf
aygufvmawmhowJh/ pm;&atmifvnf; csufcsif;tBuHxkwfw,f/ tJ
aemufqkH; tBuHwpfck &oGm;a&mwJh/ &wJhtBuHu tpmraMujzpfaewJJh
ykHrsKd;aqmifaezkdYaygh/ usD;[m olYtBuH taumiftxnf p azmfw,f/
b,fvakd zmfovJqadk wmh reufcif;uwnf;u avSmiftrd x f rJ mS yJaevdu
k Nf yD;
rcHr&yfEikd af tmif cHpm;ae&wJyh eHk YJ wnnf;nnf; wnLnLvkyaf eawmhowJ/h
tr,fav; tvdkav;? ulyg u,fyg wpmpmaygh/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ckdrif;uawmh usD;tjzpfukd odyf*½krxm;bJ ]taqGusD; reufpm

xpm;awmhav} vdkY zdwfrEåu jyKvdkufowJh/ 'Dtcg usD;u
]tr,fav; av; rpm;yg&apeJY? tpmraMujzpfaevdkY 'DrSmjzifh
aorwwf cHpm;ae&wJhtxJAsm}
][m t"dyÜm,fr&Sdvdkufwm taqG&,f? usD;awG b,fwkef;ursm;
tpmraMujzpfcJhzl;vdkYvJ? AdkufxJa&mufwmeJY csufcsif;aMuwmyJ? ausmufcJ
pm;wmawmif cPqkdaMuw,f? pm;rSmom pm;prf;yg? ig;uav;jrifvkduf
wmeJY vkyrf aeprf;ygeJY}
]tm tJvdkawmh rajymeJYAsm? usKyf wu,fhukd rpmraMuvdkYygAs}
]at;av? 'gqkdvJ NyD;a&maygh? wu,f tpmraMu&ifvJ *½kpkduf
OD;aygh}
cdkrif;u ajymNyD; ysHwufoGm;awmhowJh/
tJ't D csed rf mS yJpm;zdrk LS ;[mig;awGucdk suNf yD;oGm;vdYk yef;uefxx
J nfNh yD;
olaX;MuD;twGuf toifjh yifqifxm;vdu k w f ,f? csuf&jyKwf& jyifqif&wJh
pm;zdkrSL;vnf; acR;wvHk;vHk;aygh/ ol[m pm;zdkaqmif wHcg;0em;oGm;&yfjyD;
acR;awG oHawGudk okwfw,f? tcGifhaumif;acsmif;aewJh usD;u ]tif;
tuGuaf wmhqu kd jf y }D vdYk awG;jyD; [if;cGuaf wGxu J ig;wpfw;kH udk cyfjrefjref
uduk cf sDvu kd of wJ/h 'Dawmh ]uvpf} ceJtoHxu G o f mG ;ygava&m/ toHMum;
awmh pm;zdkrSL;u qwfceJ vSnfhMunfvdkufw,f/ vm; vm; ig;wpfwHk;udk
udu k cf sDxm;wJh usD;udk jrifwmaygh/ pm;zdrk LS ;[m odypf w
d q
f ;kd a'goxGujf yD;
usD;udk ajy;zrf;vdkufw,f/ rdwJhtcg usD;&JU acgif;arG;awGudk jAKwf jAKwf
jAKwf jAKwfeJU qGJEkwfawmhowJh/ OD;pGef;ay:u tarG;wpfckudkyJ cseffxm;
vdkufw,f/ aemufawmh pm;zdkrSL;[m csif;eJY prkefeufa&maxmif;jyD; EdkYxJ
xnfharTw,f/ jyD;rS tJ'DEdkYeJY usD;wpfudk,fvHk;udk okwfw,f/
]uJ rSwfa&m? igh ociffpm;r,fh [if;udk pm;csifOD;av}
pm;zdkrSL;u tJ'DfvdkajymjyD; usD;udk avSmiftdrfxJypfxnfhvdkufw,f?
usD;vnf; odyfemusiffoGm;awmhwmaygh/
rMumcif tpm&Smpm;&mu cdkrif; jyefa&mufvmw,f/ avSmifftdrf
xJrSmvJjyD; em;rcHomatmif nnf;nLaewJhusD;udk awGYvdkuf&w,f/ 'geJY
cdkrif;u usD;udk avSmifcsifpdwfjzpfvmjyD; uAsmwpfyk'f &GwfqdkvdkufowJh/
vJavsmif;cGihf r&wJah e&mrSm
tarG;wpfyifom&SdwJh OD;pGef;eJY MudK;Mumudk
ig awGU&w,f/
toifrw d af qG
avSmiftdrfwGif;rSm raeygvifh?
usD;uef;wpfaumif
oifESifh reD;ra0;rSm &Sdav&JU?
oifhudk &efjyKrSm
ig pdk;&drfao;awmhw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'Dawmh usD;uvnf; uAsmwpfyk'feJY jyefajymvdkufw,f/
tarG;wpfyifom&Sw d hJ
OD;pGe;f eJYMudK;Mum
oifxifovdk ig r[kwf&yg?
ig[m avmbom;usD;omjzpfw,f/
toifh rSmpum;
em;raxmifí
ightawmifawG Ekwcf x H wd m
jrifod&jyD r[kwfvm; rdwfaqG/
'Dvdk wHkYjyef ajzMum;oHMum;awmh cddkrif;u xyfjyD; uAsmwpfyk'feJY
jyefajymvdu k w f ,f/
aemifwwpfzef oif&jyefaygh
xH;k pHtwdik ;f ygyJav/
[if;vsmtom;
vlYwGufxm;udk
oifvikd u S u
f
rpm;xdu k yf g? rpm;oifyh g/
tJ'Dvdk uAsmwpfyk'feJY owday;jyD; cdkrif;u 'DowÅ0grsdK;eJY
Mum&Snf qufaeoGm;vdkY rjzpfacsbl;vdkY awG;rddjyD; a0;&mudk ysHxGufoGm;
awmhowJh/
aemufq;kH rSmawmh us;D rdu k vf nf; wnnf;nnf; wnLnL vky&f if;eJY
aooGm;awmhowJhav/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
wGefYwdkwJh opfoD;onf
[dk; a&S;a&S;tcgwkef;u ,morm;wpfa,muf &SdcJhw,f? wpfaeYawmh

ol[m jcHxGufopfawmfoD;awGudk vSnf;eJYwdkufjyD; aps;buf armif;xGufcJh
w,f/ opfawmfoD;awG[m 0if;xdefarT;MudKifaewmrdkY aps;aumif;aumif;eJY
a&mif;&vdrfr,fvdkY ol arQmfvifhxm;w,f/
aps;a&mufvYkd opfawmfo;D awG a&mif;r,ftvkyrf mS bke;f MuD;wpfyg;
vSn;f em;a&mufvmjyD; opfawmfo;D wpfv;kH tvSLcHw,f/ ,morm; tawmf
uav; pdwt f aESmuft,Sujf zpfomG ;w,f/uefawmhygao;&Jv h Ykd cwfjywfjywf
ajymvTwfvdkufw,f/ 'gayrJh bkef;MuD;u jyefMuGroGm;bl;/ ,morm;u
a'go xGufonfxuf xGufvmjyD &[ef;udk rdkufrdkuf½dkif;½dkif;ajymqdk
ESifxkwfjyefw,f/ 'Dawmh &[ef;u
]wumMuD;? vSnf;ay:rSm opfawmfoD;awG &maxmifru&Sdaew,f?
usKyfu wpfv;kH wnf;tvSLcHwmyg/ wumMuD;twGuf bmrS xdcu kd Ef ikd pf &m
r&Sdbl; xifygw,f? 'geJYrsm; bmaMumifh 'Davmufxd a'goxGufae&wm
vJ wumMuD;&,f}
&yfMunfhaeolrsm;uvnf;bkef;MuD;udk opfawmfoD;wpfvHk;avmuf
awmh vSLvdkufzdkY ajymMuw,f/ 'gayrJh ,morm;u odyfacgif;rmw,f/
rvSLbl;/ aemufqHk;awmh 'Djzpf&yfudk tptqHk;wdkif apmifhMunfhaecJhwJh
ukeo f nfwpfa,mufu raeEdik af wmhvYkd ,morm;qDu opfawmfo;D wpfv;kH
0,fvSLvdkufw,f/
bkef;MuD;u ukefonfudk aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymjyD;
]avmuDudk pGefYvTwfcJhjyD;jzpfwJh uREfkyfvdk bkef;MuD;rsKd;[m uyfap;ESJ
wGeYf wakd ezYkd roifb h ;l av? tck uREyfk rf mS vSywJh opfawmfo;D awG trsm;MuD;
&Sad eygjyD? 'gaMumifh uREfyk ef YJ twlvma&mufpm;oH;k MuzdYk tm;vH;k udk zdwaf c:
vdkufygw,f} vdkY vltkyfbufvSnfhjyD; ajymvkdufw,f/
'DtcgrSm vltkyfMuD;xJu wpfa,mufu
]bkef;MuD;rSm opfawmfoD;awG trsm;MuD;&Sd&ufeJY? udk,fhopfawmfoD;
udk,frpm;bJ bmaMumifh ,morm;&JU opfawmfoD;udkrS pm;csif&wmvJ} vdkY
vSr;f ar;w,f/
bkef;MuD;u
]opfawmfyifpkdufzdkY opfawmfaphwpfaphyxrqHk; vdktyfw,f} vdkY
ajzvduk wf ,f/
'Daemufawmh &[ef;[m opfawmfoD;udkjrdefjrdef&Suf&SufMuD; pm;oHk;
awmhw,f/ jyD;wJt h cg opfawmfaphukd qkyx f m;vdu
k jf yD; ycH;k rSmvG,x f m;wJh
aygufw;l uav;eJY ESpv f ufravmufeufwhJ wGi;f uav;wl;w,f/ jyD;wmeJY
wGi;f xJrmS opfawmfaphux kd nfv
h ukd jf yD; ajrMoZmawGeYJjyefz;kH w,f/ aemufawmh
vltkyfbufvSnfhvdkufjyD; a&awmif;jyefw,f/ 'Dawmhtxl;tqef;rSeforQ
pdwf0ifpm;wwfwJh vlESpfa,mufu xrif;qdkifxJajy;jyD; a&aEG;,lvm
ay;w,f/ bkef;MuD;u 'Da&udkyJ opfawmfaphpdkufxm;&m wGif;uav;xJ
avmif;csvdu k wf ,f/
vltkyfMuD; odyfudk pdwf0ifpm;aeMujyDaygh/ rsufvHk;awG b,frS
ra&GUMuawmhb;l / opfawmfaphpu kd x f m;&mae&mrSmyJ pl;pdu k x f m;Muw,f/
'DtcsdefrSm opfawmfyifuav;aygufvmw,f/ &ifoyf½SKarm wtHhwMo
MunfhaecdkufrSmyJ opfawmfyifuav;u MuD;MuD;vm
w,f? wpfpwpfpeJY opfyifMuD;vdk jzpfvmw,f/
tudkif;awG t&GufawG a0a0
qmqmeJY yGifhvmw,f/ tudkif;
wdkif;rSm jyGwfcJoD;vmw,f/
rSnfhvmw,f/ opfawmfoD;
awG[m 0if;xdef
arT;MudKiaf e
w,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'DawmhrS bkef;MuD;[m opfyifay:wufoGm;jyD; opfawmfoD;awGcl;?
vltyk xf yJ pfcs/ cPtwGi;f rSmyJ opfawmfo;D awG ukeo f mG ;w,f/ bke;f MuD;u
opfyifay:ujyefqif;jyD; opfawmfyifMuD;udk aygufwl;eJYckwfvSJw,f/
vJusoG;wJh opfawmfyifMuD;udk &[ef;[m xrfjyD; oufaomifhoufom
xGufcGmoGm;awmhw,f/
thHzG,f arSmfynmawGjyaewJh wpfcsdefvHk;rSm ,morm;vnf;
vltkyfMuD;xJrSm &SdaecJhw,f/ vnfqefYjyD; ai;armthHMoae&wmrdkY olY
opfawmfo;D awG aps;aumif;aumif;eJYa&mif;Edik zf Ykd ta&;awmif arhaecJw h ,f
av/ opfawmfyifMuD;xrf;jyD; &[ef;xGufoGm;umrS vSnf;qDjyefzdkY ol
trSw&f awm h w,f/ 'geJY ol vSn;f &S&d mudk uwdu kd uf ½duk jf yefvmcJw h ,f/
vSnf;em;a&mufawmh vSnf;ay:rSm opfawmfoD;wpfvHk;rQ r&Sdawmhbl;/
'DawmhrS arSmftwwfeJY oD;apcJhwJh opfawmfoD;awG[m olY
opfawmfo;D awG jzpfaerSe;f odvu kd w f ,f/ oHo,pdwef YJ vn S ;f udk tao
tcsm Munfjh yefwt hJ cg vSn;f 0if½;kd r&Sad wmhaMumif; od&jyefw,f/ opfawmfyif
ckwftjzwfcH&wmeJY wpfjydKifwnf; olYvSnf;0if½dk;vnf; tckwftjzwf
cHvdkuf&wm aocsmaejyDaygh/ ,morm; usdwfrEdkifcJr& jzpf&jyDav/
a'gotd;k vnf;aygufujJG yDav/ ol &yfwnfr&awmhb;l / 'gaMumifh bke;f MuD;
aemuf tajy;tvTm;vdu k w
f ,f/ vrf;awGukd jzwfausmaf jy;&if; jrdKUjyifbuf
a&mufcw hJ ,f/ 'DrmS yJvwfvwfqwfqwf jzwfawmufcx H m;&wJh vSn;f 0if&;kd
tydkif;tpawGudk ol awGUvdkuf&w,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm bkef;MuD;pdkufwJh
opfawmfyif yifpnf[m olY vSnf;0if½dk;yJ jzpfw,fqdkwmudkyg odoGm;&
jyefw,f/ 'DtodawGeJYtwl olY&ifxJrSm a'govIdif;awG twdkif;twmrJh
½du
k cf wfaew,f/
wu,fawmh wpfudk,faumif;qefrIaMumifh ,morm;ay;qyfvdkuf
&wJh yrmP[m odyfawmh rao;i,fvSbl;aygh/
n
rif;om;uav;eJY ief;ysdKruav;
[dk; a&S;tcgu bk&ifMuD;wpfyg;&SdcJhw,f/ bk&ifMuD;&JU O,smOfawmfxJrSm

opfawmfyifwpfyif&Sdw,f/ 'Dtyifu a&TopfawmfoD; 24 vHk;oD;owJh/
bk&ifMuD;[m a&TopfawmfoD;awGudk aysmufoGm;rSmpdk;vGef;vdkY O,smOfxJ
aepOf xGuf ½Ipm;awmfrw l ,f/ 'Dvkd *½kpu
kd af ewJMh um;xJuyJ wpfaeYrmS awmh
a&Topfawmfo;D wpfv;kH aysmufomG ;wm odvu kd &f w,f/ bk&ifMuD; pdwEf v S ;kH
ñId;csHK;jyD; aomujzpfawmhwmaygh/ 'Dbk&ifMuD;[m opfawmfyifeJY a&T
opfawmfo;D awGukd toufavmufjrwfE;kd awmfrw l mud;k / aemif 'Dvrkd jzpfzYkd
pDr&H jyDaygh/ 'DtwGuf om;awmfo;kH yg;teuf om;awmfMuD;udk tac:vTwjf yD;
]uJ om;awmf? uaeYn opfawmfyifudk apmifhaya&mh? a&TopfawmfoD;
olc;kd udk om;awmfzrf;Edik &f if crnf;awmf&UJ wdik ;f jynfwpf0uf tyfEiS ;f awmf
rlr,f? aemufydkif;crnf;awmf ewf&GmpHoGm;wJhtcg wpfwdkif;jynfvHk;udk
tkyfcsKyf rif;vkyf&vdrfhr,f} vdkY rdefYawmfrlw,f/ 'gaMumifh ntcgrSm
om;awmfMuD;u aoewfxrf;jyD; apmifh&awmhw,f/
tif; apmifhqdkvdkYom apmifh&wm bmt&dyfa,mifrS rawGUbl;/
'gayrJhoef;acgifavmufa&mufvmawmh tifrwefudk om,memaysmfzG,f
aumif;vSwJh *DwoHuav;udk Mum;vdkuf&w,f/ wpfcgrS rMum;zl;wJh
*DwoHrsdK;aygh/ tJ*DwoHMum;vdkYrS rMumbl; om;awmfMuD;[m ½kwfw&uf
tdyfarmusoGm;awmhowJh/ opfawmf&GufawG w&SJ&SJvIyfcgaewmawmif
rEd;k bl;/ rd;k pifpifvif;rSyJ Ed;k vmawmhowJ/h Ed;k vmvmcsi;f yJ om;awmfMuD;[m
opfawmfyifudk xdwfxdwfysmysmeJY armhMunfhrdvdkufw,f/ opfawmfoD;
wpfvHk; aysmufqHk;oGm;wmudk odvdkuf&w,f/ om;awmfMuD; rpOf;pm;Edkif
avmufatmif jzpfoGm;awmhwmaygh/
aemufnusawmh om;awmfvwfudk bk&ifMuD;u tapmifhcsw,f/
rxl;bl;av/ oef;acgifrSm om,mwJh*DwoH Mum;&w,f/ tdyfarmusoGm;
w,f/ opfawmf&GufawGvIyfcwfoH qlnHaewmawmif rEdk;bl;/ Edk;vmvdkY
Munfhvdkufawmh a&TopfawmfoD;wpfvHk;aysmufoGm;wm od&jyefw,f/
wwd,ntwGufawmh om;awmfuav;tvSnfhaygh/ om;awmf
uav;u aemifawmfawGxuf ydkyg;eyfw,f/ em;ESpfzufxJ *Grf;qdkYjyD;
apmifw h ,f/ 'Dawmh opfw;kH MuD;vdk bmrS rMum;Edik af wmhb;l / oef;acgif,rH mS
ay:xGufvmwJh *DwoHukdvnf; om;awmfav; rMum;bl;/ rMum;awmh
tdyaf rm rusoGm;awmhbJ qufapmifEh ikd cf w hJ ,f/ tJ *DwoH xGuaf y:vmjyD;
aemuf tcsdefusrS rif;om;av;u *Grf;awGudk xkwfypfvdkufw,f/
'grSvnf; olcdk;vm&if toHMum;&rSmudk;/ tif; rMumbl;? awmifyHcwfoH?
vIycf wfoaH wG ay:vmawmhwmyJw/hJ 'DtoHawGeYJtwl ief;jzLMuD;wpfaumif
[m om;awmfuav;acgif;ay:u ysjH yD; opfawmfyifxufrmS em;vdu k o f wJ/h
tJ ief;jzLMuD;u a&TopfawmfoD;wpfvHk;udk cl;r,fvkyfawmh om;awmf
uav;u aoewfeJY ypfcszdkY csdefvdkufw,f/ 'DtcgrSm thHMozdkYodyfaumif;
wmu ief;jzLMuD;[m tifrwef vSyacsmarmwJh rdef;rysdKuav;tjzpf
ajymif;oGm;wJh udpöyJ/ trSefawmhom;awmfuav;taeeJY 'Davmufacsm?
'DavmufvSwJh rdef;rysdKrsdK;udk wpfcgrS rjrifzl;bl;/ 'gaMumifhvnf;ypfcszdkY
csed xf m;ayr,fh rypf&ufbjJ zpfaew,fav? wpfcsed w f nf;rSm rde;f rysKd uav;
uvnf; ]t&Sifhom;? uRefrudk rypfygeJY? rypfygeJY} vdkY vSrf;awmif;yef
aeowJ/h
om;awmfuav;uvnf; rypfygbl;/ rawGUzl;wJh tvSxl;uav;
r[kwfvm;/
rif;om;uav;ujyefajymvdu k w
f ,f/
]aumif;jyD? ig rypfbl;? rif;toufudkcsrf;omay;wJhtwGufawmh
rif;ighukd cspf&vdrrhf ,f? ighukd vufxyf&r,f}
'Dawmh ief;ysdKruav;u ]jzpfcsdefwef&if jzpf&rSmaygh? 'gayrJh
wpfckawmht&Sifhom; em;qifawmfrlygOD;? uRefr[m rsufpdoHk;vHk;&SdwJh
pke;f rMuD;udk tvkyt f auR;jyKae&olyg? tJ'D pke;f rMuD;u jrifrh m;oDacgifvw S hJ
awmifckepfvHk;? tol&u,fvdk euf½Idif;wJh csdKifh0Srf;ckepfck? aemufjyD;
tajymus,fvSwJh jrpfckepfwef&JU [dk;wpfzufu zefom;ukef;jyifay:rSm
aew,fav? uJ'Davmufa0;vHwJhae&m ta&mufoGm;EdkifwJh pGrf;yum;rsdK;
t&Sifhom;rSm &Sdyg&JUvm;&Sif}vdkY ar;w,f/
rif;om;av;u rqdkif;ruGbJ ]tdk; &Sdwmaygh? ydkawmifydkao;&Jh}vdkY
ajymowJ/h
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'DawmhrS ief;ysKd rav;[m ajrjyifxuf qif;oufvmjyD; ief;jzLMuD;
toGif xyfajymif;vdkufw,f/ aemuf awmifyHESpfckMum;rSm wufxdkifzdkY
rif;om;av;udkajymw,f? rif;om;uav; wufxdkiftjyD;rSmawmh? ief;jzL
MuD;vnf;avxJysHwufvdkufjyD; [dk; ta0;wpfae&mta&muf c&D;ESif
awmhowJh/
tawmfav; ysHoef;vmwJhtcgief;jzLMuD;u]t&Sihfom;?bmawGrsm;
jrif&ygovJ} vdkY ar;w,f/ 'Dawmh rif;om;av;u ] txufrSmawmh
ñdkarSmifwJh aumif;uifMuD;yJ? atmufrSmawmh rnf;npfwJh ajrjyifaygh}vdkY
ajzvdu k wf ,f}
ief;jzLMuD; qufysHoef;&mu cPtMumrSm xyfar;jyefw,f/
rif;om;uav;uvnf; apmapmutwdkif;yJ jyefajzw,f/
ief;jzLMuD;t½SdefrysufysHoef;qJaygh/ aemufqHk;awmh tifrwef
a0;vHwJhwpfae&mudk a&mufcJhw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm ief;jzLMuD;u wpfcg
xyfar;jyefw,f/ t&Sio hf m;? bmawGrsm; jrif&ygovJaygh/
'DwpfMudrfrSmawmh rif;om;av;u ]txufrSmawmh ndKarSmifwJh
aumif;uifMuD;yJ? atmufrSmawmh rnf;npfwJh ajrjyifaygh/ aemufjyD;
[dk;a&SUrSm zefom;awmifukef;av? awmifukef;xdyfrSm tdrfwpfvHk;&Sdw,f?
rD;vdk &J&JawmufaewJh tdrfyJ} vdkY jriforQ ajymjyvdkufw,f/
]tJ'g rsufpo d ;kH vH;k &Swd hJ pke;f rMuD;tdraf ygh? tu,fírsm; pke;f rMuD;u
bmvmvkyfwmvJvdkY ar;cJh&if a&cyf? rD;arT;&wJh rdef;rysdKuav;udk
awmif;zdkYvmwmvdkY ajymygaemf/ tJ'Drdef;rysdKuav;[m tjcm;olr[kwf
ygbl;? uRefryg}
zefom;awmifukef;xdyf ta&mufrSm rif;om;av;u ckefqif;
vdkufw,f/ ief;jzLMuD;uawmh tdrfacgifrdk;ay: ysHwufoGm;owJh/
rif;om;uav;u pke;f rMuD;&JUtdrw f cH g;udk acgufMunfw
h ,f/ pke;f r
MuD; ud,k w f ikd f wHcg;vmzGiw hf ,f/ rif;om;av;udjk rifw,fq&kd ifyJ pke;f rMuD;
odyftHhtm;oihfoGm;&mu
]a[h a[h? rif; bmvmvkyfwmvJ} vdkY rsufvHk;jyL; rsufqHjyL;
ar;ygava&m/
rif;om;av;u ief;ysdKrav; oifxm;wJhtwdkif; ajzw,f/ 'Dawmh
pkef;rMuD;[m b0ifrusvSwJhyHkeJY rsufcHk;arG;ESpfzuf qufoGm;wJhtxd
rsufrIefukyfvdkufjyD; ]aumif;jyD? reufjzef wpf&uftwGif; ighEGm;wJudk
&Sif;ay;Edkif&if olYudk rif;&r,f? at; wpfckawmh cyf&Sif;&Sif;ajymxm;r,f?
cdkif;wmudk jyD;ajrmufatmif rvkyfEdkif&if rif; t&dk;wjcm; tom;wjcm;
jzpfjyDrwS }f wJ/h
'Dvdk tajcmuftvSefY cHvdkuf&ayr,fh rif;om;av;[m qGHYt
oGm;avmufatmifawmh xdwfvefYwkefvIyfroGm;bl;/
aemufaeYreufrSm pkef;rMuD;u rif;om;av;udk EGm;wJxJ ac:oGm;
w,f/ wJxJrSm EGm;taumifwpf&mausmfavmuf &SdowJh/ r&Sif;bJ ypfxm;
wmuvnf; q,fESpfavmufawmif ur,frxifbl;wJh/
]uJ &Sif;ayawmh}
pkef;rMuD;u trdefYay;jyD; xGufoGm;w,f/
rif;om;av;[m tm;MudK;rmefwuf p&Sif;w,f/ xGefjcpfeJYqGJ?
wHjrufpnf;eJYvSnf;? zwfzwfudkarma&maygh/ 'gayrJh b,favmufrS rxd
a&mufb;l / ork'&´ ma&udk yH;k uav;eJY cyfxw k af eovdk jzpfaewmaygh/
tJaeYcif;ydkif;usawmh ief;ysdKrav; a&mufvmw,f/
]arm&if cPem;ygOD;? uRefr aygifay: acgif;wifjyD; cPav;
tdyfvdkufygvm;&Sif} vdkY ajymvdkuf&ifyJ rif;om;av;[m vkyfp&mawG
ab;csdwfjyD; ief;ysKdrav;aygifay: acgif;wifjyD; tdyfvdkufw,ff/ ief;ysdK
rav;u rif;om;av;qHyifawGudk a&TbD;eJY jzD;ay;aew,f/ cPcsif;rSm
rif;om;av; tdyfarmusoGm;ygava&m/ jyefEdk;vmawmh ief;ysdKrav;
r&Sdawmhbl;/ aevnf;usoGm;jyD/ EGm;wJwpfckvHk;vnf; ajymifpifaejyD/
rif;om;av; odyt f MhH oaew,f/ 'Dtcdu k rf mS yJ pke;f rMuD;vmaeoH Mum;vdu
k &f
w,f/f 'Dawmh rif;om;av; ckex f vdu k jf yD; [dek m; onfem;u aumuf&;kd rQif
uav; z,fvdkuf? zkefpuav;udk vSnf;usif;vdkufeJY tvkyfvufpowf
ae[ef aqmifvdkufw,f/ 'DvdkvkyfaeyHkudk pkef;rMuD;jrifawmh]'Dtvkyfudk
rif;ud, k wf ikd v
f yk w
f m rjzpfEikd b
f ;l } vdYk a'gowMuD;ajymygava&m/ rsufEmS
uvnf; ykyfvdkY odk;vdkYaygh/rif;om;av;uawmh cyfat;at;yJ/
]cifAsm; xifcsifovdkxif? tJ cifAsm rulnDwmuawmh &Sif;yg
w,fav? 'Dawmh a&cyf? rD;arT;&wJh rdef;rysdKuav;udk uRefawmf&EkdifjyD
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
r[kwfvm;}vdkY ar;vdkuf&ifyJ]r&Edkifbl;? cdkif;p&m&Sdao;w,f? reufjzef
wpf&uftwGif; EGm;wJudk iSufawmifawGeJY rdk;ay;&OD;r,f? iSufawmif
wpfckeJYwpfck ta&mifrwlap&bl;? rdk;ay;Edkif&if rif;vdkwm&r,f? tJ
rd;k ray;Edik &f ifawmh? rif;t&d;k awG pdpn d ufnufaMujyDomrSw}f
tif; 'Dtvkyfuawmh bk&ifom;awmftzdkY vdkufzufwJh tvkyfygyJ?
tdy&f mu Ed;k wmeJY aoewfqjJG yD; iSuyf pfxu G af wmhwmaygh/ iSuaf wGaygayr,fh
ypfp&miSu&f mS ;aew,f? 'gaMumifv h nf; rGe;f wnfch sed af &mufwt
hJ cg iSuaf wmif
ESpfckom &ao;owJh/ 'gawmifta&mifu wlaew,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm ief;ysdK
rav; a&mufvmjyefw,f/
]wpfaeYvHk; rem;wrf; avQmufoGm;raeoifhygbl;? uRefr aygifay:
acgif;wifjyD; cPav; em;ygOD;vm;&Si}f
rif;om;av;jiif;raeawmhb;l / ief;ysdKrav;uvnf;[dw k pfaeYuvdk
rif;om;av;&JU qHyifawGudk a&TbD;uav;eJY jzD;ay;aew,f/ rMumcif
rif;om;av; tdyaf rmusomG ;a&m/ jyefE;kd vmawmh ief;ysKd rav; r&Sad wmhb;l /
aevnf;0ifaejyD/ tvkyt f m;vH;k vnf;jyD;pD;aejyD/ 'Dtcsed rf mS pke;f rMuD;vmae
oHudk rif;om;av;Mum;vdkufw,f/ 'gaMumifh acgifrdk;ay:tjrefwufjyD;
[dek m; rd;k vdu k f onfem;rd;k vdu k ef YJ tvkyv f ufpowf[efaqmif&jyefwmaygh/
'gudk pkef;rMuD; jrifawmh]'DtvkyfrsdK;udk rif;wpfa,mufwnf; b,fawmhrS
rvkyfEdkifbl;} vdkY rJh&GJU ajymvdkufw,f/
]cifAsm; xifcsifovdkxif? cifAsm; tultnD wpfjym;om;rSrygbl;
qdkwm &Sif;aew,f r[kwfvm;? uJ 'Dawmh a&cyf? rD;arT;&wJh rdef;rysddK
uav;udk uRefawmf &EkdifjyDxifwmyJ}
pkef;rMuD;u acgif;oGufoGuf ,rf;vdkufw,f/
]r&Edik af o;bl;? tvkyw f pfcu k seaf o;w,f? a[m[drk mS Munfv h ukd pf rf;?
xif;&SL;yifMuD; jrif&UJ r[kwv f m;? at; tJ't D yifMuD;ay:rSm us;D oduk wf pfou kd f
&Sw
d ,f? todu k x
f rJ mS OoH;k vH;k &Sw
d ,f? eufjzefwpf&uftwGi;f todu k x f uJ
OoHk;vHk;pvHk; rtufruGJapbJ wuf,lay;EdkifrS rif;vdkwm&r,f}
xif&SL;yifMuD;u aywpf&mausmfavmufjrifhw,f/ yifpnfuvnf;
zefom;vdk acsmrGwfaeowJh/ wufrjzpfbl;/ avQmavQmuswmaygh/
'Dtcsderf mS ief;ysdKrav; a&mufvmjyefw,f/
]b,fhES,fvJ wuf jzpf&JUvm;}
]rjzpfbl;? avQmavQmusaew,f}
]'Dvjkd zifh ul&ao;wmaygh &Si&f ,f}
ief;ysdKrav;u a&Ta&mifqHyifawGudk jzefYcsvdkufw,f/ ajrjyif
xufrSmqHyifawG 0Jaewmaygh/ 'Dtcdkuf ief;ysdKrav;u avudk
wrf;wjyD; oDcsif;qdkvdkufw,f/ 'Dawmh avwdkufvmw,f/ wddkufvmwJh
avu ief;ysdKrav;&JU qHyifawGudk xif&SL;yifxdyfzsm;ta&muf o,f,l
oGm;jyD; xif;&SL;udkif;rSm csnfaESmifay;vdkufowJh/ rif;om;uav;[m
'DqHyifavSum;udk toHk;jyKjyD; opfyifMuD;ay:wuf? OawGEIduf,ljyD;
jyefqif;vmcJhw,f/ ajrjyifay:a&mufwmeJY jyefwdkufvmwJhavuyJ
opfudkif;u qHyifawGudk jznfay;vdkufw,f/ qHyifawGysH0JusvmawmhrS
ief;ysdKruav; e*dktwdkif; jyefxHk;xm;vdkufawmhowJh/
]'DusD;OawGudk pkef;rMuD;uawmif;&if ray;vdkufeJYaemf? OawGudk
wuf,lolu ydkifw,fvdkY ajymyg? olYtaeeJY vk,lvdkYvnf; &rSm r[kwf
ygbl;? 'DOawG[m wpfenf;r[kwf wpfenf; toHk;0ifrSmyJvdkY} rSmMum;jyD;
ief;ysdKrav; xGufcGmoGm;w,f/
naeapmif;awmh pkef;rBuD; ckefqG ckefqGeJY a&mufvmw,f/
rif;om;av;u tyifajc&if;rSm xdik af ew,fav/
]b,fES,fvJ OawG &cJh&JUvm;}
]&cJjh yD? a[m'DrmS vufuikd yf 0geJY xkyw
f m;w,f? uJ a&cyf rD;arT;&wJh
rde;f rysdKuav;udk &Edik jf yDr[kwvf m;}
]&EdkifjyD? ac:oGm;ayawmh? uJ ay; ighOawG}
]tdk; cifAsm;OawG r[kwfygbl;? uRefawmfudk,fwdkif wufEIdufcJh&wJh
OawGy?J ray;Edik b f ;l }
awmif;r&rSef; pkef;rMuD; odoGm;w,f? 'gaMumifh enf;opfwpfck
oHk;vmw,f? avoHuvnf;aysmhjyD; oumvdkcsdKvmw,f/
]uJav &Sdygapawmh? r,lvdkawmhygbl;uG,f? vlav; bmrS
pdwfraumif;rjzpfygeJY? wu,fawmh vlav;[m tarhudk opöm&Sd&Sd
wm0efausaus tvkyftauR;jyKay;cJhygjyD/ 'Dawmh vdkcsifwm,ljyD; jyefzdkYyJ
&Sdygawmhw,fuG,f? 'gayrJh rjyefcif npmav;awmhpm;vdkufOD; vlav;&JU?
tpmr&SdbJ c&D;oGm;vdkY raumif;bl;aemf}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tJ'DvdkajymjyD; pkef;rMuD;u rif;om;av;udk tdrfxJac:oGmw,f/
rif;om;av;udk tdraf &SUcef;rSm xm;&pfcjhJ yD; rD;zdak qmifx0J ifw,f? rD;zdak y:rSm
a&td;k wpfv;kH wnfw,f/jyD;rS tdrt f 0if0u ausmufw;kH rSm "m;udak oG;w,f/
rif;om;av;uawmh pkef;rMuD;jyefxGuftvmudk apmifhaeawmh
wmaygh/ 'gayrJh pkef;rMuD;u ay:rvmbl;/ wHcg;acgufoHeJUtwl ay:
vmwmuawmh ief;ysdKrav;yJ/
]vm vm t&Sifhom;?usD;OawGyg wpfygwnf;,lvmcJh? t&Sifhom;udk
owfzdkY pkef;rMuD; "m;aoG;aejyD? a&aEG;tdk;vnf; wnfxm;w,f}
tusdK;taMumif; ajymjy&if; rif;om;av;udk ief;ydsKrav;u
rD;zdkxJac:vmcJhw,f/rD;zdkxJurxGufcif ief;ysdKrav;u ysm;&nfeJYbmvD
ESpfrsdK;a&mpyfjyD; rdef;rysdKwpfa,muf&JU ½kyfxkvkyfw,f/ jyD;oGm;wmeJY
ief;ysdKrav;&JU t0wftpm;awG 0wfay;xm;vdkufw,f/ 'D&kyfwkudk
rD;zdek YJ teD;qH;k wpfaxmifrh sm a&TUxm;cJjh yD; tdrjf yifxu
G ?f ief;jzLMuD;toGif
ajymif;? rif;om;av;udk ausmay:wufapjyD; pkef;rMuD;eJY a0;&mudk pwif
ysHoef;vmawmhowJh/
pkef;rMuD;uawmh "m;aoG;&if; usef&pfcJhjyD/ "m;aoG;jyD;wJhtcg

tdrx f jJ yef0if? rsufpud tkd m;ukejf zJjyD; usD;uef;awmif;arSmufMunf?h rif;om;
av;udk rawGYawmhbl;? a'goaxmif;ceJxGufvmx,f? usdwfrEdkifcJr&
jzpfvmw,f? wpftdrfvHk; tESHY&Smw,f? aemufqHk; rD;zdkaqmifxJa&muf
vmw,f/wpfawmifhrSm axmifxm;wJh &kyfxkudk olY uRefrav; xifrSwfjyD;
][Jh aumifr? b,frvJ eifh[dktaumif} vdkY ar;ygava&m/ &kyfwku b,f
ajzEdik yf ghrvJ? jyefrajzawmh ydjk yD; a'goxGuw f maygh/
][Jh aumifr? em;yif;aeovm;? igar;aew,fav}

&kyfwku wkwfwkwfrQrvIyf/ 'Dawmh pdwfr&SnfEdkifawmhbJ &kyfwkem;
uyfoGm;jyD;]uJ 'DavmufjzpfvSwm odMua&maygh[,f} vdkY Mudrf;0g;&if;
&kyfwk&JU yg;wpfzufudkjzef;ceJvTJ½dkufvdkufw,f? 'Dawmh &kyfwkyg;rSm
olYvufMuD;uyfoGm;wmaygh/
]tr,f tr,f? eifu ighvufudk qGJcsKyfxm;w,fayghav?
uJ[,fqcJG sKyfcsifO;D }
usefvufeJY xyf&dkufvdkufw,f? 'DvufMuD;vnf; uyfaejyefa&m/
ief;ysdKruav;eJY rif;om;av;wddkYuawmh awmifpOfawmifwef;awG?
csdKifh0Srf;MuD;awG? jrpfMuD;awGay:ausmfjyD; ysHvmvdkufMuwm wpfpwpfpeJY
rif;om;av;wdkif;jynfem; eD;vmMujyD/ tckqdk&if v,fuGif;MuD;awGay:
a&mufaejyD/ 'Dae&mrSm ief;ysdKruav; qif;oufvdkufw,f/ ajrjyifay:
ta&mufrSm usD;OwpfvHk;udk cGJvdkufzdkY rif;om;av;udk ajymw,f/ usD;O
udk cGJvdkufwJhtcgrSm a&Tom;twd aiGom;twdjyD;wJh eeff;awmfuav;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ay:vmw,f/ 'Deef;awmffuav;udk rif;om;uav;u ajrjyifay:csvdkuf
w,f/ tHhMop&myJ/ wjznf;jznf;eJY eef;awmfMuD;jzpfoGm;owJh/
ief;ysdKruav;u aemufwpfOudk cGJcdkif;jyefw,f/ cGJvdkufwJhtcg
EGm;tkyMf uD;awG? od;k tkyMf uD;awG ay:vmjyefw,f/ wwd,Oudk cGcJ ikd ;f wJt h cg
rSmawmh a&TeYJ aiG a&mpyfcsKyv f yk x
f m;wJh 0wfpakH wG0wfxm;wJh tcdik ;f tapawG
ay:vmjyefw,f/
aemufwpfaeYreufrSm rif;om;av;&Jhcrnf;awmfupuf&mjywif;
uae tjyifudk trSwfwrJh vSrf;½Ipm;vdkufw,fqdk&ifyJ crf;em;xnf0gwJh
a&Teef;awmfMuD;udk jrifryd gava&m/ 'Dawmh olY eef;awmfoel ef;awmfom;awG
ac:jyD; csufcsif;oGm;Munfw h maygh/ vrf;rSmvnf; tifrwef 0jzdK;wJo h ;dk tky?f
EGm;tkyfawGudk awGUMujyefw,f/ tJ crf;em;wJh a&Teef;awmfMuD;em;
ta&mufrSmawmh olUom;awmfi,fav;ukd rxifrSwfbJ awGUvkduf&w,f/
bk&ifMuD; 0rf;omoGm;ykrH sm; ajymjyrjzpfEidk af vmufatmifyw J /hJ
wpfcsed wf nf;rSmyJ rif;om;av;&Jah emifawmfEpS yf g;ujzifh rsuEf mS razmf
&JMubl;/ a&ikHEkwfydwf qdwfqdwfyJ aeMuw,fav/ olwkdYu a&Topfawmf
oD; olckd;ukd rzrf;EkdifMubl; r[kwfvm;/ nDawmfuav;uom zrf;EkdifcJh
wmuk;d / aemufjyD; crnf;awmf&hJ wkid ;f jynfuv dk nf; olwYdk r&Ekid Mf uawmhb;l
qkdwm odaeMuw,fav/
rif;om;av;u 'DtajctaeawGukd odvYdk aemifawmfEpS yf g;ukd ESpo f rd hf
w,f/ olYrSm vkdwmxufawmif ykdaeao;vkdY crnf;awmf&Jh wkdif;jynfukd
rtkycf sKyfyg&apeJYvYdk awmif;yefw,f/
aemufykdif;awmh rif;om;av;eJY ief;ysKdrav;wkdY&Jh vufxyfyGJMuD;
crf;crf;em;em; usif;yMuw,f/
pm;zG,f aomufzG,fawG tvQHy,feJY *DwoHawG nHvkdYayghuG,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
yk Z G e f u k d n § y f B uD ;
wpfMudrfrSmawmh tavmif;awmf[m awmtkyfwpfckxJu opfyifwpfyifrSm
apmifh&wJh ½ku©pkd;oGm;jzpfowJh/ 'Dopfyif[m MumrsKd;pkHwJh uefwpfckem;rSm
aygufaew,f/ awm&Jhwpfae&mrSmvnf; ig;awGtrsm;MuD;aewJh
a&uefi,fwpfck &djS yefowJ/h &moDOwku odyyf jl yif;vmwmrkYd 'Da&uefi,f
uav;xJu a&awG[m wjznf;jznf; cef;ajcmufpjyKvmw,f/ wpfaeYrmS
'Duefi,fuav;xJu ig;awGudk MudK;MumiSufwpfaumifu jrifoGm;awmh
tif; wpfenf;enf;eJY 'Dig;awGudk vSnfhjzm;jyD; pm;&atmif MuHOD;rSyJvkdY
awG;vkdufowJh/
tJ tawG;ay:vmjyD;wJh aemufyidk ;f rSmawmh MudK;MumiSu[
f m a&uefem;
oGm;xkid jf yD; tBuHxw
k af wmhowJ/h ig;awGuvnf; MudK;MumiSuu f dk jrifw,f/
'Dawmh olwYdku ]toifMudK;MumiSuf bmudpeö YJ rsm; 'DrmS vmxkid af e&wmvJ/
oifhukd Munfh&wm tawG;a&,OfaMum epfarsmaeykHyJ/ [kwfw,f
r[kwfvm;} vkdY ar;vkdufMuw,f/ 'Dawmh MudK;MumiSufu ][kwfw,f?
oifwkdYtm;vkH; ta&;udk awG;aerdwmygyJ} vkdY jyefajzw,f/
]tkd toifMudK;MumiSuf? uREkfyfwdkYta&;vm;? vkyfygOD;Asm? b,fvkd
awG;aeygvdr}hf
]tif; 'Dvkdav? tckqkd&if 'Da&uefav;xJrSm a&enf;enf;yJ usef
awmhw,f r[kwfvm;/ oifwkdY pm;p&mvnf; odyfr&dSawmhbl;/ tyl&dSef
uvnf; odyfjyif;vGef;aew,f/ 'gaMumifh oifwkdYbmvkyfMurvJqkdwm
usKyf pOf;pm;aewmyJ}
]tif; [kwfyg&Jhaemf? MudK;MumiSuf ajymwJhtwkdif;yJ? ajymygOD;Asm
usKyfwkdY bmvkyfMu&if aumif;rvJ}
]at;av? usKyfajymwJhtwkdif; oifwkdY aqmif&GufMur,fqkd&ifawmh
oifwkdYukd usKyf EIwfoD;eJY ukdufcsDjyD; vSyom,mwJY uefMuD;wpfuefqD
ykdYay;Ekdifygw,f/ tJ'D uefMuD;xJrSm MumrsKd;awGvJ pkHw,f}
][m? MudK;MumiSufwpfaumifu EIwfoD;eJY ukdufcsDxm;jyD; ykdYay;
r,fqkdwm uREfkyfwkdY ig;awGtwGuf odyfqef;aeawmhwmyJ? tif;
r[kwrf v S aJG &m? uREyfk w
f Ydkudk owfpm;zkYd BuHpnfaejyDxifw,f} vkYd r,ko H vkd
jyefajymMuowJh/ 'Dawmh MudK;MumiSufu
][m oifwkdYxifovkd r[kwf&ygbl;av? oifwkdYu usKyftay:
,kHMunfrI&dSvm&ifawmif usKyf rpm;ygbl;? ck usKyfajymjywJh a&uefMuD;
wpfuef&w Sd ,fqw dk m r,kMH u&if rsujf rifu, dk af wGUjzpfzYdk usKyef YJ ig;wpfaumif
xnfhvkdufygvm;} vkdY t,HkoGif;w,f/
'Dawmh ig;awGu ,kMH unfvmMua&mwJ/h 'geJY tifrwef xGm;usKid ;f jyD;
rsufvkH;wpfzufuef;aewJh ig;MuD;wpfaumifukd xnfhvkdufMuw,f/
'Dig;MuD;[m a&xJrmS jzpfjzpf uke;f ay:rSmjzpfjzpf ta&;BuHKvm&if xufxuf
jrufjruf qk;H jzwfEidk o f wJ/h
'Dig;MuD;ukd MudK;MumiSufu ukdufcsDjyD; ac:aqmifoGm;w,f/
uefMuD;qDa&mufawmh uefxJcsay;jyD; ueftESHU vkdufjyowJh/ jyD;rS
jyefac:cJhjyD; olUtazmfawGqD tyfw,f/ igMuD;uvnf; tazmfawG
tm;vk;H udk a&uefMuD;&Jh aumif;jcif;t*Fg tjzmjzmawG jyefajymjywmaygh/
ig;awGvnf; ody0f rf;omtm;&jzpfomG ;jyD; MudK;MumiSuu f dk ]oifu h dk uREyfk w
f Ydk
tjynfht0 ,kHMunfMuygjyD? ac:omoGm;ygawmh} vkdY cGifhjyKvkdufMuw,f/
'DtcgrSm MudK;MumiSufu rsufpdrIefaewJh ig;tkdMuD;wpfaumifukd
t&ifukdufcsDvkdufjyD; olUa&uefta&muf ysHoef;vmcJhowJh/ a&mufvmwJh
tcga&uefem;u opfyifMuD;ay:rSmem;vku d w f ,f/ 'gayr,fih g;tkMd uD;udak wmh
a&uefxrJ csawmhbJ opfyifcMG um;rSm csvku d o f wJ/h aemufawmh EIwo f ;D eJY
aygufowfvkdufjyD; tom;awGudk pm;w,f/ t½kd;awGudkawmh opfyif&if;
ypfcsxm;jyD;rS ig;awG&Jh uefav;qD ysHvmjyefw,f/ a&mufwmeJY
]uJ ig;tkdMuD;udkawmh usKyf ykdYxm;cJhjyD/ wpfaumif xyfydkYay;OD;r,f?
vkdufr,fhaumif vmcJhayawmh} vkdY ac:owJh/
MudK;MumiSu[ f m 'Denf;twkid ;f wpfaumifjyD;wpfaumif ac:oGm;jyD;
pm;vkdufwm aemufqkH;wpfacguf jyefvmac:awmh uefav;xJrSm ig;
wpfaumifrS ruseaf wmhb;l wJ/h 'gayr,fh ykpeG w f pfaumifawmh &daS eao;w,f
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
qkdyJ/ MudK;MumiSufu tif; olYvnf; ig pm;&r,fvkdYawG;jyD; ykpGefukd
vSr;f ac:vku d o f wJ/h
]'DrSm toifykpGef? 'DuefxJu ig;awGtm;vkH;udk ukdufcsDjyD;
tifrwef vSyom,mwJh uefMuD;wpfckxJ usKyf ykdYay;cJhygjyD/ oifhukdvnf;
ykdYay;ygOD;r,f? uJ vkdufcJhayawmh}
]aMomf [kwfuJh [kwfuJh/ 'geJY oifu uREfkyfukd b,fykH b,fenf;
o,faqmifoGm;rSmygvdrfh? wqdwf ajymjyygOD;av}
]tkd tvG,fav;yg? EIwfoD;eJY oifhudk ukdufcsDoGm;rSmaygh}
][m tJ'Dvkdom ac:oGm;&if vGwfusrSmaygh? rjzpfbl;? rjzpfbl;?
awmfygjyD MudK;MumiSuf&,f? oifeJY uREkfyf rvkdufvkdawmhygbl;}
'Dtcg MudK;MumiSufu ]'Davmufvnf; pkd;&drfraeygeJY toifykpGef?
wpfvrf;vkH; oifhukd usKyfu NrJNrJMuD; ukdufcsDxm;rSmyg}vkdY r& &atmif
qG,fawmhowJh}/
'DvkdqG,fawmh ykpGefu awG;w,f/ tif; 'Dowå0g[m ig;awG olU
EIwfoD;xJa&mufwmeJY a&uefxJcsay;zkdY pOf;pm;awmhrSm r[kwfbl;/
at;av olajymwJhtwkdif; ighudk [kda&uefMuD;xJta&muf wu,fom
ykYd&ifawmh ightwGuf odyaf umif;aygh/ [if; 'Dvrdk S r[kwb f J rvdrw hf pfywf
vkyf&ifawmhvm; olUvnfyif;udk n§yfypfvkdufr,f/
tJ'Dvkd awG;jyD;rS ]'DrSm rdwfaqGMudK;Mum&Jh wu,fawmh oifu
uREkyf uf dk NrJNrJruku
d cf sDEidk yf gbl;/ uREkyf w f Ydk ykpeG af wG[m n§ywf ahJ e&mrSmjzifh
odyfemrnfMuD;wm? rdwfaqG odygw,f/ 'Dawmh oifhvnfyif;ukd uREkfyf
vufawGeYJ n§yxm;jyD; vdu dk cf iG jhf yKr,fq&dk ifawmh uREkyf f 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
vkdufygr,f} vkdY jyefajymvkdufw,f/
trSefawmh MudK;MumiSufudk ausmzkdY ykpGefu MuHpnfwmyJ? 'gayrJh
MudK;MumiSucf rsm r&dyrf &d mS bl;/ 'gaMumifh vG,v f ifw
h ulyJ oabmwlvu dk f
owJ/h tJ oabmvnf;wla&m ykpeG [ f m MudK;MumiSuv f nfyif;udk yef;yJq&m
n§yfn§yfykHrsKd;eJY pGJpGJNrJNrJ n§yfxm;awmhowJh/ jyD;rS ]uJ ysHaya&mh rdwfaqG
MuD;a&} vkdY ajymvkdufw,f/
MudK;MumiSufvnf; o,faqmifoGm;jyD; uefMuD;udk jyw,f/ aemuf
awmh opfyifMuD;bufysHzkdY vSnfhvkdufowJh/ 'Dtcg ykpGefu
][J [J OD;av;MuD; MudK;MumiSuf&,f/ b,fvkdvkyfwmvJ cifAsm/
a&uefMuD;u [kb d ufrmS aem? 'gayrJh OD;av;MuD;uawmh uREkyf u f kd 'Dbuf
ac:vmygvm;}
]aMomf a[mf a[mf &Sif;ygw,f ykpGefav;&m? tif; ckeu rif;
usKyfukd ac:vkdufykHujzifh rif;[m usKyf&Jh wluav; jzpfoGm;jyD;aemf/ tJ'g
vnf; usKyftxifawmh usKyf[m rif;&Jhaus;uRefjzpfw,fqkdwm usKyf
&dyrf o
d mG ;atmif &nf&, G af jymvku
d w
f myJ/ bmaMumifv h nf; qkad wmh usKyfu
rif;ukd rjyD; o,faqmifvm&ayouk;d ? bmyJjzpfjzpfav rif; &Si;f &Si;f uav;
odoGm;&atmif a[m[kd opfyif&if;u ig;½kd;ykHMuD;udkom vSrf;Munfhvkduf
ayawmh/ [J[J tJ'D ig;awGtm;vkH;ukd pm;ypfvkdufovkd rif;udkvnf;
usKyfpm;&vdrrhf ,f}}
]][m; [m; [m; 'Dvkdukd;? 'DrSmMudK;MumiSuf ig;awGuawmh rkdufrJ
vkdY tpm;cHMu&wmAs/ 'gayr,fh uREkfyfuawmh ig;awGvkd rrkdufrJbl;av/
'Dawmh oifhtpm; rcHbl;/ oifhudk pm;cGifh ray;Ekdifbl;/ 'DrSm MudK;MumiSuf
oifhudk pm;cGifhray;wJhtjyif oifhudkuREkfyf okwfoifypf&vdrfhr,f/ tif;
wu,fawmh todÓPfacgif;yg;vGe;f vSwhJ toifMudK;MumiSu[ f m y&d,m,f
eJY tEkid yf idk ;f zkYd uREkyf &f t
hJ MuHÓPfukd r&dyrf &d mS bJu;dk / 'DrmS MudK;MumiSu&f ?hJ ck
ta&;u ao&ifESpfOD;pvkH; aorSmyJ/ uREkfyfuvnf; oihfvnfyif;ukd
n§yfjzwfvkdufjyD; ajrjyifay:ypfusrSmukd;As} vkdYajymjyD; ykpGef[m MudK;Mum
iSuf vnfyif;ukd jyKwfwleJYn§yfvkdufovkd wpfcsuf n§yfypfvkdufowJh/
'Dawmh MudK;MumiSuftoufr½SLEkdifawmhbl;/ emvGef;vkdY rsuf&nf
aygufMuD;rsm;awmif xGufusvmw,f/ wpfukd,fvkH;vJ wqwfqwf
wkefaew,f/ b,fvkdrS rcHEkdifawmhwJhtqkH;rSm ]tkd usKyf&Jht&Sif oifhudk
pm;zkdYr&nf&G,f½kd;trSefyg/ toufcsrf;omay;ygt&Sif} vkdY awmif;yefawmh
owJh/
'Dawmh ykpGefu ] aumif;jyD? oif a&uefbufysHqif;jyD; uRekfyfukd
a&uefxJ csay;yg} vkdY cyfrmrm jyefajymvkdufw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ykpeG af jymwJt
h wkid ;f MudK;MumiSuu f a&uefbufysx H u
G cf jhJ yD; urf;pyfu
&TUHG jyifay:rSm ykpeG u f kd csay;vku d wf ,f/ 'gayr,fh ykpeG u
f awmh MudK;MumiSuu f kd
csrf;omray;awmhbl;/ usL½kd;ukd om;vSD;"m;xufxufeJY wdceJ jzwfvkduf
ovkd MudK;MumiSufvnfyif;udk n§yfjzwfcsvkdufw,f/ jyD;rS a&uefxJ
qif;oGm;awmhowJh/
'Dx;l qef;vSwhJ tjcif;t&mudk ½kup© ;dk b0a&mufaewJh tavmif;awmf
u jrifvkduf&wJhtcg O'gef;usL;&ifhawmfrlw,f/ tavmif;awmf&Jh O'gef;
usL;&ifo h [ H mvnf; wpfawmvk;H yJw h ifxyfomG ;awmhowJ/h wpfjydKifwnf;
rSmyJ tavmif;awmfu om,mcsKdat;wJhtoHeJY vuFmwpfyk'fukd wD;wkd;
&Gwq f vdk u dk af o;owJ/h
pOf;vJo[ l m
taumufÓPft&mrSm omayr,fh
ol[m
xufjrufwJh uvdrfÓPfeJY
vSnphf m;jzm;a,mif;wJah e&mrSm
rkcs
tom&csif &ayvdrrhf ,f/
okYdayr,f
aemufq;Hk awmh?
ykpeG af usmu
h iG ;f
oufqif;&wJh
MudK;MumiSufxkH;om
oufcE¨mqk;H &rSm rvGyJ g/
n
ta&NcH K wk d Y oG m ;&mvrf ;
Am&mPoDjynfrSm jA[®'wfrif;MuD; pkd;pHtkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfaecsdefaygh/

tavmif;awmf[mvnf; v,form;rdom;pkrmS 0ifpm; zGm;ajrmufvmw,f/
tavmif;awmf t&G,fa&mufvmawmh v,fxGefjyD; toufarG;&owJh/
tJ't
D csed rf mS yJ ukeo f nfwpfO;D [m ukeaf wGukd jrnf;eJYwifjyD; wpf&mG 0if
wpf&GmxGuf vSnfhvnfa&mif;csaew,f/ &Gmwpf&GmrSm pcef;cswkdif;
'Duek o
f nf[m jrnf;ay:u ukeu f cdk s/ jrnf;ukd jcaoFah &NcHKay;jyD; rka,mcif;xJ
vTwaf y;vku d af vh &do S wJ/h v,fapmifah wGu jrnf;ukd jrifayr,fh jcaoFrh w S jf yD;
tem;ruyf&MJ ubl;/
'DvkdeJYyJ ukefonf[m c&D;qufcJhjyefw,f/ rMumcif &Gmwpf&Gm
a&mufvmjyefawmh cPwpfjzKwfem;jyD; eHeufpm csufw,f/ cgwkid ;f vkyd J
jrnf;ukd jcaoFah &NcHKay;jyD; v,fuiG ;f xJ vTwx f m;jyefwmaygh/ wjcm;&Gmu
v,fapmifhawGuvnf; jcaoFhrSwfjyD; ruyf&JMubl;av/ 'geJY olwdkY[m
&GmxJajy;oGm;jyD; tusKd;taMumif; ajymjyMuwmaygh/ 'Dawmh &Gmom;awGu
vufeufrsKd;pku H idk pf jJG yD; ajy;xGuvf mcJMh uw,f/
wcsKdUu c½koif;awG pnfawG ,lvmMuowJh/ olwkdY[m jrnf;pm;
aewJh v,fuGif;em;vnf;a&mufMua&m c½koif;awGrIwf? pnfawGwD;?
wcsKdUu atmfMu [pfMu? vSefYoHay;Mu? jrnf;[m 'DtoHawGMum;awmh
jyefatmfowJh/ 'gayr,fh jcaoFhoH xGufrvmbJ jrnf;oHyJ xGufvmw,f/
'Dawmh jcaoFha&NcHKxm;wJh jrnf;rSef; &Gmom;awG odoGm;Muwmaygh/

tavmif;awmf v,form;uvnf; 'DjrifuiG ;f eJYjzpf&yfukd jrifawGU&owJ/h
'gaMumifh yxruAsmudk &GwfqkdvkdufawmhowJh/
xkdtoHum;
jcaoFhESifh usm;? usm;opfrsm;&Jh
[de;f oHr[kw/f
jcaoFah &NcHKxm;onfh
jrnf;,kw\ f atmfoH
trSeyf ifjzpfaeygayghuvm;/
tJ'Dvkd tjzpfrSefodoGm;awmh &GmoGm;awG[m jrnf;ukd t½kd;awG

usKd;atmif ½kdufESufMuowJh/ jrnf;ausmukef;ay:u jcaoFha&ukdvnf;
cGmcsypfvkdufowJh/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm jrnf;&Sifukefonf a&mufvmw,f/
ukefonf[m jrnf;&Jhtjzpfqkd;ukd jrifvkduf&wJhtcg odyfoem;oGm;owJh/
0rf;enf; yufvufvnf; jzpfomG ;wmaygh/ 'DjrifuiG ;f udk awGUawmh tavmif;
awmf v,form;u 'kwd,uAsmudk &GwfqkdvkdufjyefowJh/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
jcaoFh NcHKvm&wm
ESpu f mvMumjyDjzpfwhJ jrnf;
txifMuD;jyD; rka,mcif;0iftpm;
&Gmom;awG vSefYoHMum;awmh
ravQmhbJ wpfcsufatmf
ay:vmawmh jrnf;toH
jcaoFh[ef uGmtus
&Gmom;awG &JvmjyD;
toD;oD;0kdif;½kduf
tonf;ckdufatmif emusif
b0yifysuyf ga&m/
jrnf;tjzpfukd tavmif;awmfu a&&GwfvkYdrS rqkH;cif jrnf;[m
Ake;f Ake;f vJjyD; aoGy0JG ifomG ;awmhowJ/h
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
,l v pD & J h c &D ; Murf ; rsm;

xa&mf*sefppfyGJ jyD;oGm;awmh q,fESpf q,frkd; xdef;odrf;cHxm;&mu
raoraysmuf use&f pfcMhJ uwJh *&do&l aJ umif;awG? *&d rif;nDrif;om;awG[m
olwkdYtrdajrukd &GufvTifhjyefcJhMuw,f/ tjyefc&D;rSm tcsKdUu xl;jcm;
qef;jym;vGef;wJh pGefYpm;rIawGeJY BuHKqkHMu&vkdY ESpftawmfMumwJhwkdif
trdajrukd jyefra&mufEidk Mf ubl;/
tjyefc&D;rSm tJ'v D Mdk uefYMumaeolawGteuf emrnftausmfMum;qk;H
uawmh ],lvpD} yJ jzpfw,f/ ol[m xa&mf*sefppfyGJumvtwGif;rSm
owådajymifjyD; MuD;us,fcrf;em;vSwJh ol tBuHÓPf? olU tpDtpOfawG
aMumifh aemufq;Hk rSm *&dawG atmifycJG EH idk cf w
hJ myJ/ tifrwefcidk rf mawmifw h if;
wJh x½dGKifjrdKUwGif;udk jrif;½kyfMuD;eJY 0ifEkdifatmif pdwful;pDpOfcJhwmvnf;
olyJ r[kwfvm;/
ppfyjJG yD;oGm;jyDqadk wmh ,lvpDvnf; ]tkid o f mum} ukjd yefcsiw f myJaygh/
tJ'DvkdjyefrSvJ olUZeD;acsm ]yDeDavmh} eJY om;i,fav; ]w,fvDrufcsL} ukd
awGU&awmhrmS uk;d / ol[m olUrdwaf qGawGukd jyefp½k ;Hk jyD; vGecf w hJ hJ q,fEpS u f
olwYdk tok;H jyKcJMh uwJh avSMuD;eJY jyefzYdkppD Ofw,f/ ol acgif;aqmifjyD;
&Guvf iT v
hf mwJh c&D;wpfavQmufrmS acsmacsmarmarmjzpfcw hJ m odyu f kd &Sm;w,f/
uHqkd;rkd;arSmifuscJh&wJh aeY&ufawGyJ rsm;w,f/ 'gaMumifhvJ q,fESpfMum
awmhrS trdajrudk jyefa&mufMuwmaygh/
tjyefc&D; pjyDqkduwnf;u aMumufp&m rkefwkdif;MuD;eJY wkd;awmh
wmyJ/ rkewf idk ;f 'PfaMumifh avSMuD;[m ajrmuf<uvl;vdrahf ew,f/ ,dr;f xk;d
aew,f/ arsmcsif&marsm a&mufcsif&ma&muf a&mufaew,f/ b,fvkdrSukd
xdef;r&awmhbl;/ vrf;aMumif;aysmufoGm;wJh avSMuD;[m wpfcsdefusawmh
olwYdkrodwhJ uRe;f MuD;wpfuRe;f em; a&mufomG ;w,f/ avSay:ygwJv h tl m;vk;H
rl;aemufaeMuwmrkdY olwkdYu uRef;ay:wuf tem;,lvkdufcsifw,f/
uRef;uvnf; wu,fhukd om,mw,f/ t&dyftm0go aumif;wJh
awmifwef;awG &dw S ,f/ aea&mifx;dk aewJh awmifcg;yef;awG 'Dawmifcg;yef;
awGrSm wvufvuf wzswfzswf jzmqif;aewJh prf;acsmif;av;awG/
opfyifawGay:rSmvnf; a&mifrsK;d pkw H hJ iSuaf wGu wusu D sw
D pmpm aw;oDMu
vkdY/ b,fae&m Munfhvkduf Munfhvkduf a&mifpkHyef;awGudk jrifMu&w,f/
opfo;D MuD;awG rSn0hf if;aevku d w f mrsm; Munfrh 0Ekid pf &myJ/
]uJ bmyJjzpfjzpf 'D uRe;f ay:wuf tyef;ajzMur,f/ usKyfwYdkwpfawG
aocsifavmufatmifudk yifyef;aejyD/ tm;vnf; ukefaeMujyD}
,lvpDu avSorm;awG uRef;ay:rwufapcsifbl;/tkdifumom
eJYvnf; tawmhfukd a0;aeao;w,fvkdY ol xifw,f/ aemufjyD; uRef;u
bmuRef;rSef;vJ rodbl;/ om,mvSywm rSefayr,fh uRef;taMumif; bmrS
rodxm;wJhtwGuf tEÅ&m,fjzpfEkdifw,fvkdY olu &Sif;jyw,f/
olYtazmfawGu vufrcHMubl;/ em;r0ifMubl;/ uRef;ay:wufMu
w,f/ aea&mifxkd;aewJh awmifcg;yef;awGay: vSnfhvnfMuw,f/
at;jrwJh csKid 0hf rS ;f MuD;awGxqJ if;jyD; 0if;rSnahf ewJh opfo;D awG cl;pm;Muw,f/
prf;a&at;udk wpf0MuD; aomufMuw,f/
,lvpDuawmh vkdufroGm;bl;/ avSay:rSmyJ usef&pfcJhw,f/
olYpdwfu yDeDavmhqD tNrJa&mufaeavawmh tjrefqkH; jyefcsifaew,f/
'gayr,fh tazmfawGu jyefrqif;vmMuao;bl;/'Dawmhvnf;onf;cHapmifah e
&wmyJaygh/
'Dtcdu k f ewfb&k m;rsm;&JU ajcjrefawmf]rmusL&D} olYab;rSm ½kww f &uf
ay:vmw,f/ r[mewfbk&m;r ]rDemAm}u vTwfvdkufvdkY a&mufvmcJhwm
av/ rDemAmu ol&Jaumif; ,lvpDudk tjrJwrf; rsufESmomay; ulnD
cJhw,f r[kwfvm;/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
rmusL&Du ]'DuRef;ay:rSm oifwdkY tEÅ&m,f½Sdw,fvdkY ynm&Sif
ewfzk&m;ru ajymcdkif;vdkufw,f? 'DuRef;ay:u vSywJh opfoD;awG?
yef;awG[m Mumyef;eJY qufEG,faewmcsnf;yJ? 'gaMumifh 'Dyef;awG?
toD;awGudk pm;rdolwdkif; olwdkYtdrf,m? olwdkYom;orD;? olwdkYEdkifiHudk
csufcsif;arhoGm;Muw,f? tdyfcsifvmw,f? pdwful;,Ofvmw,f? wu,f
awmh 'DuRef;[m ] arhapwJhMumyif } aygufwJhuRef;? tJ'D arhapwJhMumyif
u Mumyef;awGudk pm;oHk;MuwJh ]Mumyef;pm;olrsm;} aexdkif&muRef;yJ/
olwdkY[m bmtvkyfrS rvkyfMubl;? *kPfodu©mqdkwmudkvnf;em;rvnf
Mubl;? wpfaeukepf m;vdu k Mf u? aomufvu
dk Mf ueJYJ tESprf ahJ ysmfp&mawGxrJ mS
epfjrKyfaeMuolawGyJ jzpfw,f} vdYk &Si;f jyw,f/
,lupD odyfpdk;&drfoGm;w,f/ oleJYtwlusef&pfcJholawGudk uRef;ay:
csucf si;f vTww f ,f/ uRe;f ay:wufomG ;MuolawGukd r& &atmif jyefac:cJzh Ykd
rSmvdkufw,f/
tif; [kwfwmaygh/ ajcjrefawmf ]rmusL&D} ajymwJhtwdkif;ygyJ/
jyefac:r,fo h al wG uRe;f ay:a&mufomG ;Muawmh t&ifwufomG ;MuwJo h al wG
txJu tawmfrsm;rsm;[m arSmfoD; arSmfyef;awG pm;xm;jyD;MujyDrdkY
idkufjrnf;aeMujyD/ tm;vHk;udk arhaeMujyD/ olwdkY[m 'DuRef;ay:rSmyJ
qufaecsifMuyHk aygufaeMujyD/ pdwful;,OfrqHk; jzpfaeMuyHkay:aeMujyD/
'Dawmh jyefac:zdkY tcufMuHK&jyDaygh/ wcsdKUqdk&if twif;½kef;xGufjyD; Mum
yef;awGpm;zdkY ajy;oGm;Muw,f/ wcsdKUuawmh vwfqwfwJhyifv,favudk
½SL½Iud vf u kd &f vdYk Mumyif&thJ medoifu wjznf;jznf;jy,fomG ;jyD; owdjd yefvnf
vmw,f/
tifrwefYudk cufcufcJcJyifyifyef;yef; MudK;pm;ac:rS avSorm;awG
tm;vHk; avSMuD;ay: jyefa&mufvmawmhw,f/ 'DuRef;em;rSm MumMum
qufrae0HhawmhvdkY avSMuD;udk uRef;u tjrefqHk;cGmcJhMuawmhw,f/
olwdkYwpfawG vaygif;rsm;pGm yifyifyef;yef; &GufvTifhcJhMuwJh
wpfaeYrSm ]ppfpvD} uRef;urf;ajcem; a&mufvmMuw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm
]qdkifuvkyf} vdkY ac:wJh aMumufp&mbDvl;MuD;awG &Sdw,f/ tifrwefYudk
½dkif;pkdif;MuwJh bDvl;awG[m odk;ausmif;om;awGtjzpfeJY at;at;csrf;csrf;
aexdkifMuayr,fh olwdkYurf;ajcem; a&mufvmolwkdif;udkawmh b,fawmhrS
tvGwfray;bl;/ pm;ypf 0g;ypfMuwmcsnf;yJ/
tck ,lvpDwdkY avSMuD; olwdkY urf;ajcem;a&mufvmawmh qdkif
uvkyf awG&Jh bk&if ] ykdvDzD;rwf } u ,lvpDeJY taz:awGtm;vHk;udk
zrf;jyD; *lMuD;wpfckxJ xnfhydwfxm;vdkufw,f/ *laygufudkawmh ausmuf
wHk;MuD;eJY ydwfxm;w,f/
ydkvDzD;rwf[m naeus&if odk;awGudk *lMuD;xJarmif;oGif;jyD;wmeJY
zrf;xm;wJh vlawGxJu ESpfa,mufudk vSrf;qGJudkufpm;ypfw,f/ reufus
awmh od;k awGukd wpfaumifcsif; a&wGu?f jyefxw k ?f *l0udak usmufw;kH MuD;eJY
ydwfjyD; wpfaeukef odk;ausmif;zdkY xGufoGm;wwfw,f/
bDvl;MuD;xGufoGm;awmhrS xdwfvefYacsmufcsm;aeMuwJh olY vlpkudk
,lvpDu tpDtpOfwpfck ajymjyw,f/ 'DtpDtpOfukd bDv;l MuD; ydv k zD ;D rwf
*lMuD;xJjyefta&mufrmS pwiftaumiftxnfaz:Muw,f/
,lvpDu ygvmwJt h &ufjyif;awG bDv;l MuD;udw k u
kd w
f ,f/ bDv;l MuD;
tMudKufawGUjyD; tukefarmhawmhwmaygh/ t&ufrl;vmawmh bDvl;MuD;
tmoGuv f mw,f/ emrnfawGar;vmw,f/ tjrJwrf;tMuHxw k af ewwfwhJ
ol&Jaumif;MuD; ,lvpDu emrnfrSefrajymyJ ]vlr[kwf} vdkY ajzw,f/
rMumcif rD;zdkem;rSmyJ bDvl;MuD; wacgacg tdyfarmusoGm;awmhw,f/
'Dawmh ,lupDeYJ tazmfawGu MudKwifjyifqifxm;wJh oHcRefyyl Ml uD;eJY
bDvl;MuD;&JU wpfvHk;wnf;aomrsufvHk;MuD;udk xdk;azmufypfvdkufMuw,f/
ydkvdzD;rwf emvGef;vkdY jcaoFhwpfaumifatmfovdk atmfvdkufw,f/ wjcm;
qdkifuvkyfawG olYtoHMum;awmh *lem;0dkif;vmMuwmaygh/
olwdkYu ]b,fol&efjyKaevdkYvJ} vdkY tjyifu vSrf;ar;w,f/
'Dawmh ydkvDzD;rwf u vlr[kwfvdkY vSrf;atmfvdkufw,f/
wjcm;bDvl;awGu &efjyKrnfholr&dSbl;vdkYrSwf,ljyD; jyefxGufoGm;
Muw,f/
aemufreufusawmh rsuu f ef;bDv;l MuD; ydwx f m;wJh *l0em;ta&muf
vl;vdrfhoGm;jyD; ausmufwHk;udk zGifhw,f/ odk;awGudk wpfaumifcsif;a&xkwf
w,f/ rsufpdrjrifawmh odk;ausmufukef;udk vufMuD;eJY oyfoyfjyD;
a&wGuaf e&wmaygh/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'gbm ,lvpDwdkYtwGuf tuGufyJ? tcsdefaumif;yJ/ ,lvpDu
tazmfawGudk ]uJ odk;awG AdkufatmufrSm cdkwGJjyD; xGufMupdkY&JU} vdkY ajym
vkdufw,f/ odk;awGu odyfudk MuD;xGm;Muawmh 'Dvdk Adkufatmuf0ifcdkwGJvdkY
jzpffwmaygh/'D enf;aumif;eJY bDvklMuD;rodapyJ olwdkYtm;vHk; *lxJu
vGwaf jrmufvmcJw h ,f/
tjyifa&mufwmeJY urf;ajcta&muf wpfcsdK;wnf;vpfMuw,f/
avSMuD;ay: tjrefwufMuw,f/ tm;vHk;pHkwmeJY urf;u csufcsif;cGmvdkuf
Muw,f/
vloH oloHawG? avS&JU t½SdefaMumifh ay:vmwJha&oHawGMum;awmh
ydkvDzD;rwfu rjrifprfprf;eJY urf;ajcbufajy;vkdufvmjyD; ausmufwHk;MuD;
awGeYJ &rf;orf;ypfao;w,f/
ausmufwHk;MuD;awGu avSMuD;udkausmfjyD; [dk;yifv,fxJ 0kef;ceJ
0ke;f ceJ ususomG ;w,f/ wpfv;kH ESpv f ;kH avmufom avSMuD;em;usvmw,f/
'Dawmhvnf; a&rTma&yef;awG jzmwufoGm;wmuvGJvdkY avSMuD; bmtxd
tcdkufrS r&Sdbl;/
tckawmh olwdkYwpfawG tEÅ&m,feJYa0;&m a&mufvmcJhjyDaygh/
'gayrJh wpfaeYrSm rkefwdkif;MuD;usvmvdkY vrf;aMumif;aysmufoGm;jyefw,f/
xdef;rEdkif odrf;r&wJh olwdkYavSMuD; arsmcsif&marsm? ygcsif&mygae&mu
]at;tdkif,m;} uRef;em; a&mufoGm;Muw,f/ 'DuRef;udkvnf; olwdkY
rodMubl;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf 'Dwpfcgawmh ,lvpD udk,fwdkifu avSMuD;udk
urf;eJYteD;qHk; a&mufatmif uyfcdkif;w,f/ jzpfEdkif&if aomifjyifay:txd
qGJwifjyD; avSMuD;udk aevSef;xm;zdkYajymw,f/ 'DtcdkufrSm olwdkYtm;vHk;
at;csrf;om,mwJh uReff;wpfae&mrSm em;Mur,faygh/
aemufwpfaeYusawmh uRef;taMumif;od&atmif ,lvpD u csifhcsdef
pOf;pm;jyD; vlpck w
JG ,f/ ],l½ikd ;f avmcsy}f acgif;aqmifwv
hJ pl u
k 'DuRe;f ay:rSm
aeMuolawGtaMumif; odatmifvkyfzdkY usefwpf0ufuawmh oleJYtwl
avSMuD;udk apmifMh uyfzYkd y/J
,l½dkif;avmcsyfwdkY olpk[m uRef;&JUtwGif;buftxd oGm;a&muf
avhvmMuw,f/ 'DuRef;[m Mumyef;pm;olrsm; aexdkif&muRef;xuf
trsm;MuD; ydv k aS ew,f/ ydo
k m,maew,f/ vl&yd v f al jcawmh rawGYMu&bl;/
avhvmp&mawG ukeaf vmufawmh olwYkd vpl k jyefvn S Mhf uw,f/ 'Dtcsderf mS yJ
wpfae&mu uGif;jyifMuD;wpfckudk ½kwfw&uf vSrf;jrifvdkufMuw,f/
uGi;f jyifMuD;&JU tv,frmS awmh a&mifpakH usmufw;kH tacsmawGeYJ aqmufxm;
wJh tcrf;em;qH;k ?tvSyqH;k eef;awmfMuD;wpfc½k adS ew,f/ a&mifpakH usmufw;kH
awGaMumifh aejcnftusrSm eef;awmfMuD;wpfcv k ;kH jydK;jydK;jyufjyuf ta&mif
awG jzmxGufaew,f/ olwdkYpdwfxif jrifzl;cJhorQ eef;awmfawGxJrSmawmh
tck jrifae&wJh eef;awmfMuD;[m tvSqHk;? tcrf;em;qHk;yJ/
'gayrJh wpfcx k ;l wmu tapmift h MuyfwYkd ? tapcHwYkd ukd rawGU&bl;/

eef;f awmfwpf0u kd rf mS vSnv hf nfomG ;vmaeMuwJh jcaoFMh uD;awG? 0Hyak vGawG
0uf0HawG? acG;awGeJY tjcm;owÅ0gawGudkyJ awGYMu&w,f/ aemufwpfck
xl;ao;w,f/ tckvSrf;awGUae&wJh wd&pämefawG[m trSefawmh odyf½dkif;
wJh wd&pämefrsKd;awG/'gayrJh olwdkYu r½dkif;bl;/ &efrlrnfhyHkvnf;rjyMubl;/
,Of , Of a v; oG m ;vmvI y f & S m ;aeMuw,f / ol w d k Y rsuf v H k ; awG r S m
0rf;enf;&dyaf wG ay:aeovdyk /J olwYkdu vlprd ;f udk &efrvdw k t
hJ jyifcifcifrifrif
MudKqdak ewJyh akH wmif jyaeMuao;w,f/
eef;awmfMuD;eJY tajctaet&yf&yfudk tuJcwfzdkY olwdkYvlpk

eef;awmfMuD;em; owdxm;uyfvmMuw,f/ a[m em;axmifprf;/ tifrwef
om,mcsdKat;wJh aw;oHygvm;/ eef;awmfMuD;xJu vTifhysHUvmwmyJ/
olwYkdtm½Hpk u
kd f em;axmifMuw,f/ *DwoHu tawmf u h kd nufwmyJ/
aw;oH&Sif&JUtoHu olwdkY&ifrSm jidaew,f/ eef;awmfMuD;xJ0ifMunfhcsif
pdwaf wG ay:vmw,f/ aw;oH&iS u f kd jrifcsifaeMuw,f/
wu,fawmh olwdkYvlpk ckvdk cHpm;aeMu&wmu wjcm;aMumifh
r[kwfbl;/ 'Deef;awmfMuD;[m jyKpm;wwfolav;]qdkif;&pf}&JU eef;awmfMuD;
jzpfaevdkUyJ/ qdkif;&pf[m olr&JU toHeJY tvSudk Aef;jyjyD; vlowÅ0gawGudk
ñIYdiifcw
hJ ,f/ eef;awmfMuD;xJ0ifvmrdwhJ tñdYIcrH eS of rQukd om;&Jw&d pämefawG
tjzpf jyKpm;vdkufw,f/ apmapmu jrifawGcJh&wJh wd&pämefawGtm;vHk;[m
jyKpm;cHxm;&wJo h al wGy/J
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tckvnf; olYeef;awmfMuD;em; om;aumiftopfawG csO;f uyfvmaejyD
qdw
k m arSmyf nmeJYox d m;vdu
k jf yD/'gaMumifh tqdek YJ twD;udk csufcsif;&yfjyD;
MudKqdkzdkY xGufvmcJhw,f/
qdkif;&pfu vSvGef;w,f/ tjyHK;u ñdIU,l EdkifvGef;w,f/ toHu

csKo
d mvGe;f w,f/ 'Dawmh olwYkdvpl k olr ñIYd"mwfatmuf csucf si;f a&mufomG ;
Muw,f/ ESpfcg rzdwfac:&bl; eef;awmfMuD;xJ0ifzdkY wuJuJvkyfaeMujyD/
,l½kdif;avmhcsyfu rsuf&dyfrsufjcnfjyxm;w,f/ r&bl;/ ,l½dkif;avmhcsyf
uawmh tm;i,fyrkH sKd;eJY ,Of,Ofav; oGm;vmvIy&f mS ;aeMuwJh wd&pämef½ikd ;f
awGudk jrifuwnf;u oHo,awG 0ifcJhw,f/ tppowdxm;cJhw,f/
taz:awGu awG;aMumufaew,fxifjyD; ,l½dkif;avmhcsyfudkawmif

avSmifMuao;w,f/ jyD;rS olwdkYwpfawG eefawmfMuD;xJ waysmfwyg;
0ifoGm;Muw,f/ olwdkYtwGuf pm;aumif;aomufzG,fawG tvQHy,f
jyiffqifxm;w,f/ qdkif;&pfuvnf; ÓPfeD ÓPfeufawGoHk;jyD; pm;Muyg
aomufMuygvdkY azmfazmfa&Ga&G ysLysLiSmiSm wwGwfwGwfajymaeMuw,f/
{nfo h nfawG jrde&f nf&u
S &f nfpm;aeMuwmudk Munfjh yD; qdik ;f &pf odyaf useyf
aew,f/at;av auseyfoifhygw,f/'Dom;aumiftopfawGu olr
ñdIY"mwfatmuf tvG,fav; a&mufvmMuwmudk;/
uJ 'Dvlpk w0wjyJpm;vdkY jyD;MuygjyD/ qdkif;&pf trlt&mawGvnf;

csufcsif;ajymif;oGm;ygjyD/ aMumufp&maumif;atmif vSoGm;jyD/ xdwfp&m
aumif;atmif jyHK;aejyD/ vefYp&maumif;atmif csdKomaejyD/ qdkif;&pf[m
aumif;aumif;MuD;pm;aomufxm;MuwJh 'Dvpl ak cgif;xufrmS aq;Mudrv f ;kH udk
a0SY,rf;jyD; tifrwef cufxefrmausmwJhtoHeJY ]uJ tpm;usL;wJhvlawG
0ufb0a&mufMuayawmh? a[m[dk 0ufusif;[m eifwdkYtdrfyJ} vdkY
atmfajymvdu k x
f ,f/
csufcsif;yJ olwYkd 0ufb0ajymif;oGm;Muw,f/ olwYkd ukd 0ufusif;xJ
armif;xkwfvdkufawmh 0ufusif;xJrSmyJ aeMu&awmhw,f/ tarG;xlxleJY
tusn;f weft½kyq f ;kd vSwhJ yHo
k P²mefawGajymif;oGm;ayr,fh vlYpw
d rf aysmuff
Muao;vdkY olwdkY tawmhfudkcHpm;aeMu&w,f? wu,fawmh b,folrjyK
rdrrd q
I o
kd vdk olwYkdu, kd w
f ikd &f UJ tjyKtrlawGaMumifh 'Dtjzpfq;kd qku
d Mf u&w,f
r[kwfvm;/
,l½ikd ;f avmhcsyfu olYval wG jyefxu G v
f mEd;k eJY onfcaH pmifah eayr,fh
tcsdefomukefoGm;w,f? jyefxGufrvmMubl;? *DwoH? aw;oDusL;oHawG
vnf; qdwfokOf;oGm;cJhjyD? ,l½dkif;avmhcsyfuolYoHo,awG rSefaejyDvdkY
xifw,f/ 'gaMumifh ,lvpDukd tusKd ;taMumif;ajymjyzdYk urf;ajcbuftjref
ajy;awmhw,f/olYvlawG bmjzpfusef&pfcJhw,fqdkwmawmh rodbl;av/
tusdK;taMumif;odwmeJY ,lvpD eef;awmfMuD;buf tjrefxGufcJh
w,f/ vrf;rSm ewfzk&m;r rDemAm vTwfvdkufwJh rmusL&DeJY awGYw,f/
rmusL&DuyJ ,lvpDujkd yKpm;wwfol tvSb&k ifrav;&JUemrnf? olusifo h ;kH
wJh enf;vrf;? olY vlpk&JUtjzpf tm;vHk;udkajymjyw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'D owif;qkd;MuD;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh ,lvpD odyfpdwfqif;&JoGm;
w,f/ 'DtcgrSm rmusL&Du ajrrSmaygufaewJh ]rdkvD} tyifi,fav;udk
qGEJ w k jf yD; 'Dtyifi,fuav;udk vufxrJ mS tjrJwrf;qkyx f m;&if qdik &f pf&UJ
jyKpm;rInd§KU"mwfawG[m b,fvkdrS tEÅ&m,fray;Ekdifbl;/ 'Dvkd tEÅ&m,f
ray;EdkifawmhrS 0ufb0a&mufoGm;MuwJh tazmfawGudk vljyefjzpfatmif
qdik ;f &pfukd cdik ;f apEdik rf ,fvYkd ajymjyw,f/
ckawmh qdkif;&pf&JU eef;awmfMuD;xJ ,lvpD &J&JMuD;0ifoGm;jyDav/
txJa&mufawmh pm;p&mawG tpHktvifjyifqifxm;wJh pm;yGJMuD;toifh/
qdik ;f &pfuvnf; pm;ygaomufygvdYk ñIYd iifzw d rf EÅu jyKaew,f/ tpawmh
,lvpDu oluav;&JU tvSatmuf? csKjd rwJh zdwaf c:oHatmuf jym;jym;arSmuf
a&mufrdav[efaqmifw,f/ olYvufwGif;rSm rdkvD &SdaejyDrdkY 'Dtpm;tpm
awG[m olYukd b,fvrkd S tEÅ&m,frjzpfEikd af wmhb;l qdw k mudk odxm;jyD;jzpfvYkd
aemufqHk;rSm 0wfauswrf;ausavmuf pm;jyvdkufw,f/
a[m jyKpm;wwfol tvSbk&ifrav;uawmh pm;aomuffjyD;wmeJY
cgwdkif;vdkyJ aq;MudrfvHk;udk a0SY,rf;jyD; om;&Jwd&pämeftjzpf ajymif;zdkY
MudK;pm;awmhw,f/ 'Dawmh ,lvpDu olrudk 0kef;ceJ xckeftkyfvdkufw,f/
"m;udk qGJxkwfw,f/olUtaz:awGudk vlYb0 csufcsif;jyefajymif;ay;zdkY
cufcufxefxef trdeYf ay;w,f/
'DtcgusrS qdik ;f &pf[m olreJY wGb J ufnw D hJ a,musmf ;wpfa,mufukd
awGY&jyD? 'Da,musfm;udkvnf; ewfbk&m;awGu tjrJulnDaew,fqdkwm
odoGm;w,f/ qdkif;&pfu jyHK;jyHK;uav;eJY emcHav&JU/
,lvpD auseyfomG ;atmif trsK;d rsK;d vdu k af vsmjyD;wJah emuf qdik ;f &pfu
,lvpD olrudk cGJroGm;Edkifatmif tvSudkjy? ñdIY"mwfudk vTwfjyefw,f/
tif; 'Dawmhvnf; igwdYk a,musfm; atmufomG ;r&Sq d w kd mvdk ol&aJ umif;MuD;
,lvpD olr eef;awmfMuD;xJrmS qufaejzpfomG ;jyefw,fayghav/
,lvpD qufaeoGm;wm odyfrMumygbl;/ wpfESpfavmufom
MumygowJ/h
n
oabmF o m;MuD ;
vufxyfr*Fvmtcrf;tem; jyD;qHk;oGm;wJhtcg tauR;tarG;eJY wnfcif;

{nfch zH Ykd pwifjyifqifMuw,f/ rkwq f w d af rG;awG azG;qGwaf ewJh oabFmom;
tdMk uD; wpfa,mufuawmh bk&m;ausmif;tjyifu ausmufw;kH MuD;ay:xdik jf yD;
olYtem;u jzwfavQmufoGm;MuolawGudk Munfhaew,f/olYrsufvHk;awGu
xl;jcm;aew,f/t½l;wpfa,muf&UJ rsuv f ;kH eJYqifovdyk /J ol[m jzwfavQmuf
oGm;wJh {nfhonfwpfa,mufudk ½kwfw&uf wm;vdkufw,f/ jyD;awmh
]oabFmwpfpif; &SdcJhzl;w,fAsm} vdkY pvdkufw,f/ olajymyHku odyfudk
xl;qef;aeovdrk Ykd {nfo h nf[m jidrjf idro
f ufouf qufem;axmifaerdw,f/
bk&m;ausmif;xJrmS awmh pm;yGMJ uD;paejyD/ &yfem;axmifaewJh {nfo h nf
[m bk&m;ausmif;xJu ysHUvGifhvmwJh aw;*DwoHawG? &,farmoHawGudk
Mum;ae&w,f/ 'gayrJh yHkjyifudk em;axmifcsifpdwfaMumifh bk&m;ausmif;xJ
r0ifjzpfbl;/ &yfjrJ&yfaerdjyD rsufvHk;awG ta&mifawmufaewJh oabFm;
tdkMuD;&JU yHkjyifudk em;axmifaew,f/
wu,fawmh oabFmom;tdkMuD;u olUaemufqHk; yifv,fc&D;
tawGUtMuHKawGudk ajymjywmyJjzpfw,f/ olYpum;t&awmh at;jrwJh
yifv,f ñdYk ñYkd ridI ;f rIid ;f MuD;xJa&mufaf tmif awmifbufyikd ;f udk ½Guv f iT chf MhJ u
w,f/ yifv,fxJa&mufvdkY rMumcifrSm yifv,fa&u cJpjyKjyD/ 'gaMumifh
b,fae&m MunfhvdkufMunfhvdkuf a&cJjyiftwdvdkjzpfaeawmhw,f/ wpfp
wpfpeJY &moDOwku rcHr&yfEdkifatmif at;pufvmw,f/ ESif;awGzHk;aewJh
'Da'orSm iSuaf wGr&Sb d ;l ? wjcm;wd&pämefawGvnf;r&Sb d ;l / 'gayrJh tHMh op&m
aumif;wmu wpfaeYusawmh pifa&mfiu S Mf uD;wpfaumif olwYkd oabFmbuf
OD;wnfysHoef;vmwmudk olwdkY vSrf;jriffvdkufw,f/ pifa&mfiSufqdkwm
oabFmom;awGtwGuf tifrwefrf *Fvm&Sw d ihJ u
S rf Ykd oabFmom;awGtm;vH;k
aysmffoGm;Muw,f/ tljrL;ukefw,f/ pifa&mfiSufMuD;udk tpmauR;w,f?
a&wdkufw,f/ pifa&mfiSufMuD; ,Ofyg;vmwmyJ/ aemufaeYrsm;rSm olYudk
wvdkuf&if a&mufvmawmhw,f/
at;Asm? wpf&ufrf mS awmh 'D pifa&mfiu S Mf uD;udk usKyf owfypfrw d ,f/
'g[m tifrwefudk xdwfvefYp&maumif;wJh vkyf&yfygyJ/]avwdkufatmif
zefwD;ay;wJh pifa&mfiSufudk cifAsm;owfvdkufwmyJ? cifAsm;[m usKyfwdkY
tm;vHk;twGuf j*dK[faumiffyJ} vdkY usKyfftzGJYom;awGu qlMuw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
olwdkY qlMu ajymMuwmrSefw,f/ a&cJaewJhyifv,fxJu &GufvTifh
EdkifcJhayr,f wjcm;yifv,fxJ ta&mufrSmawmh avu vHk;0udk rwdkuf
awmhb;l / aeuvnf; cspfcspfawmuf ylaew,f/ 'Djidro f ufwhJ yifv,fjyif
MuD;xJrmS aeYpOf&ufquf aevmcJMh uw,f/ avrwdu k af wmh &Guof abFmMuD;
wpfa&G;om;awmif ra&GUbl;/ yef;csDum;xJu yifv,fjyifMuD;eJY &Guf
oabFmMuD; usaewmyJ/ tyl½Sdefuvnf; &uffMumavav aMumufp&m
ydkaumif;vmavyJ/ avwpfpufrS rwdkufvdkY tyl½Sdefudk umuG,fay;EdkifwJh
wdrt f pteuav;awG ½So d vm;qdak wmhvnf; r½Sb d ;l / ta&;xJaomufa&u
ukek o f mG ;jyefw,f/ yifv,fxJ a&iwfwu hJ ed ;f qdu k af eMujyDaygh/
'Dtajctaeqdk;awGu pifa&mfiSufMuD;udk owfypfvdkufwJh
oabFmom;tdkMuD;aMumifhvdkY awG;jyD; usefoabFmom;tm;vHk;u tMuD;
tus,f a'goxGufMuw,f/ usdefqJ Muw,f/ 'gwifrubl; oludk
'Pfcwfwt hJ aeeJY iSuaf oMuD;udk olYvnfyif;rSm qGaJ y;xm;vdu k Mf uw,f/
oH;k av;&uftMumrSm tajctaeu ykx kd wd v f efYp&maumif;vmw,f/
vnfacsmif;awG ajcmufuyfjyD; pum;rajymEdik Mf uawmhb;l / oabFmwpfpif;
pif;udk jrif&Ed;k eJY rSeof m;a&mifxjyD; 0if;vufawmufyaewJh yifv,fjyifMuD;
udk tqufrjywf apmihMf unfah e&vdYk rsuv f ;kH awGvnf; used ;f pyfuek jf yD/
tif; tJ'Dvdk Munfhae&wJh wpf&ufrSmawmh olwdkYqD OD;wnfvmaewJh
oabFmwpfpif;udk oabFmom;tdkMuD;u ½kwfw&uf vSrf;jrifvdkufw,f/
]a[; [dkdrSm [dkrSm MunfhMuprf;? oabFmMuD;uG? oabFmMuD;} vdkY
0rf;omt,fvJ atmfvdkufwJhtcg usefoabFmom;awG wpfjydKifwnf;
vSrfMunfhMuw,f/ [kwfw,f/ oabFmwpfpif;vmaew,f/ tm;vHk;
aysmfoGm;jyD; toHukef atmfMu [pfMuaygh? Munfh&if;rSm oabFmMuD;u
wjznf;jznf; eD;vmw,f? tif; eD;vmav aysmfvGef;vdkY atmffMu [pfMu
oHawG aysmufaysmufoGm;avyJ? taysmftpm; taMumuf0ifvmw,f?
bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh olwdkYjrifae&wmu omrefoabFmr[kwfbl;? &dk;&dk;
oabFmr[kwfbl;? oabFmtppf r[kwfbl;? qkyfudkifr&wJh oabFmyHk&dyf
oufoufom jzpffw,ff/ ck 'D oabFmyHk&dyfMuD;udk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jrifae
Mu&jyD/ oabFmom;wpfa,mufrSrygwJh oabFmMuD; jzpfaew,f/
vlESpfOD;omygwJh oabFmMuD; jzpfaew,f/ wpfOD;u trsdK;orD;? EIwfcrf;
tpHuk &Jww G af ew,f/ 'gayrJh tom;ta&u vlaoaumifvdk jzLzyfjzLa&mf
MuD;/ tJ olreJY twlygvmwJh tazmfuawmh ]aorif;} ud, k w
f ikd yf jJ zpfw,f/
olwdkYESpfOD;[m 'ku©a&mufaeMuwJh oabFmom;awGudk ac:aqmif
oGm;zdkY a&mufvmMuwm jzpfw,f/ oabFmom;awG&JU 0dnmOfawGudk
r&PEdkifiHta&muf ac:aqmifoGm;rSmjzpfw,f/ oabFmom;tdkMuD;[m
'DoabFmMuD;udk ai;pdu k Mf unfah erdw,f/ 'Dtcdu
k rf mS yJoYl taygif;tazmfawG
wpfa,mufjyD;wpfa,muf vJusaoqHk;ukefMuw,f/ aMumufp&m r&P
oabFmMuD;vJ aoqHk;oGm;MuwJh oabFmom;0dnmOfawG wifaqmifjyD;
qufvuf½u G v
f iT o
hf mG ;awmhw,f/wjznf;jznf;eJY jrifuiG ;f xJu aysmufu, G f
oGm;Muw,f/
raobJusef&pfwmuawmh oabFmom;tdMk uD; wpfa,mufwnf;yJ/
tajymus,fwJh yifv,fjyifMuD;xJrSm wpfOD;wnf;aom oabFmom;tdk
MuD;aygh/
ckEpS &f ufv;kH vH;k ol bk&m;waerdw,f/ qkawmif;aerdw,f/ 'gayrJh
olYtaygif;tazmfrsm;jzpfMuwJh oabFmom;awG&UJ usdepf mu rjy,fb;l / ol
rtdyfEdkifbl;/ ab;rSmvJusaewJh tavmif;aumifawGudkom aeYa&mnyg
jrifae&w,f/ aemufqHk;awmh bk&m;ocifu olYtay: oem;pdwf0ifvm
w,f/ wpfaeYaygh/
ol yifv,fxJ iHYk Munfah ew,f/ oabFm0ef;usifrmS ul;cwfaeMuwJh

a&ajrGuav;awGudk ol jrifvdkufw,f/a&ajrGuav;awGta&mifu
odyvf v
S eG ;f vdYk olY&ifxrJ mS xl;jcm;wJh cHpm;rIwpfcjk zpfvmw,f/ a&ajrGav;
awGudk cspfvmw,f/ vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ arwÅmydkYrdvdkufw,f/ tHhMozdkY odyf
aumif;wmu 'DtcsdefrSmyJ vnfyif;rSmqGJxm;wJh iSufaoMuD; yifv,fxJ
jyKwfusoGm;w,f/ olvnf; ESpfESpfjcdKufjcdKuftdyfarmusoGm;awmhw,f/
jyefEdk;vmawmh rdk;awG&GmaejyD/ tyl'PfaMumifh uGJtufaewJh

olYEIwfcrf;[m rdk;a&awGeJY ½TJ½TJpdkaejyD/ vnfacsmif;rSm emaewmvnf;
aysmufoGm;jyD/ wpfudk,fvHk; at;jraejyD/ ywf0ef;usifrSm *DwoHawG ol
Mum;ae&jyD/wpfjydKifwnf;rSm avxJuay:xGufvmwJh toHESpfckudkvnf;
ol Mum;aew,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
toHwpfcku ]'Dvl[m &efrrlwwfwJh piffa&mfiSufMuD;udk owfypfwJh

vlyJvm;} wJh/ wjcm;toHwpfckuawmh ]olYudk xdkufxdkufwefwef 'Pf
cwfcyhJ gjyD} qdw
k hJ ajzoHy/J
avnif;wkdkufvmw,f/ 'Davnif;uyJoabFmMuD;udk qdyfurf;
ta&muf nifnifomom o,faqmifoGm;w,f/
cHpm;&wJh'PfaMumifh ol tm;enf;jyD; zsm;w,f/ tdrfjyefta&mufrSm
aovkarsmyg;jzpfomG ;w,f/
]uJ 'gygyJAsm}
oabFmom;tdkMuD;u olYZmwfvrf;udk tqHk;owfvdkufjyD;
]usKyf u,fq,fcH&wm a&ajrGuav;awG tygt0if owÅ0gawG
tm;vH;k tay: ppfreS w f chJ sppf w
d ef YJ arwÅmyGm;cJv
h YkdygyJ} vdYk ajymjyD; oabFmom;
tdkMuD; xoGm;awmhw,f/
vufxyfyv JG mwJh {nfo h nfom wpfa,mufwnf; use&f pfcw hJ ,fav/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
orifacsmMuD; qm&mbm
awmeufMuD;wpfckxJrSm]qm&mbm}trnf½SdwJh orifvSvSMuD;wpfaumif
½Sdw,f/ awmueufvGef;vdkY 'Dorifudk awGYjrifzl;ol tifrwef&Sm;w,f/
ae0ifrdk;csKyfvdkY wpfawmwpfawmifvHk; wdwfqdwfjidrfoufoGm;wJh
tcgrsKd ;qd&k ifawmh [d;k ta0; awmeufMuD;wpfae&mu ay:xGuyf sUH vGiv hf mwJh
orifMuD; atmfoHoJhoJhav;udk Mum;&wwfw,f/
wpfaeYawmhb&k ifMuD;wpfyg;u orifqm&mbm aexdik u f supf m;wJh
awmrSm awmvdkufxGufw,f/ bk&if[m om;aumifawGUvdkaZmeJY jrif;udk
rarmwrf; 'kef;pdkif;vmvdkufwm wjznf;jznf; wpfpwpfpeJY awmMuD;&JU
twGif ;ydkif; a&mufrSef;rod a&mufvmcJhw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmyJ &ifoyf&
avmufatmif vSywJhorifMuD;wpfaumif bk&ifha½SUu &dyfceJ jzwfajy;
oGm;w,f/
bk&if cPwmav; ai;pdu k Mf unfah e&mu owdjyeft0ifrmS rxif
rSwfbJ vSrf;atmfar;rdvdkufw,f/
]a[h a[h vSvdkufwJh orifMuD;? rif; b,fvdkowÅ0gvJ}
qm&mbm *½krpdu k bf ;l /qufajy;oGm;w,f/ajy;wmjrefveG ;f awmh
cPcsif;rSmyJ bk&ifh rsufpdatmufu aysmufoGm;w,f/
bk&if a'goxGujf yDaygh/
]o,f? 'if; ighvufwGif;u vGwfEdkif½dk;vm;? odMuao;wmaygh?
'if;udk ig rrd rdatmif zrf;r,f}
bk&if[m MudwfrEdkifcJr&jzpf? rcsifhr&JjzpfjyD jrif;udk wpf[kefxkd;
ESiaf wmhw,f/ orifMuD;udk vSr;f tjrifrmS av;eJYypfw,f/ orifMuD;0ef;usif
rSm jrm;awGvmpdkufw,f/ orifMuD;u vHk;0 aMumufvefYyHk rjybl;/
iSuw f pfaumif avudjk zwfysHovdk orifMuD;[m jrufyifawGay: ausmfjzwf
ckev f mT ; ajy;jrJ ajy;aew,f/
bk&ifu jrif;udk ydjk refjrefajy;apw,f/opfawmawG? awmifuek ;f awG?
csdKifh0Srf;awG &dyfceJ &dyfceJ usef&pfw,f/ bk&ihf awmvdkufaz:awG
wyfom;awG? qifawG? aemufawmfygawG tdk tm;vHk; [dk;ta0;MuD;rSm
jywfuseffcJhMuw,f/ rswfjcnfjywfoGm;wJh olwdkYbk&ifudk &SmMuayr,fh
tcsnf;ESD;yJ/ bk&iftaeeJYuvJ cktcdsefrSm olvdkufaewJh orifvSvSMuD;u
vGJjyD; olYacgif;xJ tm½HkxJrSm wjcm; bmrS r½Sdawmhbl;/ tm;vHk;udk arhae
w,f/ arhxm;vkdufw,f/
bk&if[m orifBuD;udk rrDEikd af v? a'goxGuaf vavaygh/ a'go
xGuv f mav jrefonfxuf jrefjrefvu kd af vaygh/
]ajy;prf;? jrefjrefajy;prf;}
a'gopdwf? orifMuD;udk rdvdkpdwfawGMumifh bk&ifMuD; bmudkrS
trlrxm;Edik af wmhb;l /bmudrk v S nf; rjrifEikd af wmhb;l / jrif;uvnf;uGi;f jyif
MuD;ukd jzwfajy;aewmrsm; ajrjyifeJYcGm rxdawmhoavmufudk jzpfaew,f/
'Dvkd t½Sed t f [kef jyif;jyif; 'ke;f pkid ;f aecduk f ½kww
f &ufyJ us,f0ef;euf½idI ;f wJh
acsmufMuD;wpfckudk bGm;ceJawGYvdkufw,f/ orifMuD;qm&mbmuawmh
'DacsmufMuD;udk ayghayghyg;yg; vTm;ceJckeful;vdkufw,f/ jyD;awmh qufajy;
w,f/
orifMuD; aZmuyfaewJh bk&ifu acsmufMuD;udk rjrifb;l / jrif;u
owdxm;rdvdkufw,f/ jrif;u 'Dacsmuftus,fMuD;udk ckefrul;Edkifbl;/
'gaMumifh t½Sed t f [kejf yif;jyif; 'ke;f qdik ;f ajy;ae&mu acsmufurf;yg;xdyrf mS
½kwfw&uf wkefYceJ&yfvdkufw,f/ bk&if r[efEdkif? rxdef;EdkifjzpfjyD;
acsmufMuD;xJ 'vdrfhacgufauG; uRrf;pdkufusoGm;awmhw,f/ 'Dawmh
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
orifMuD;eJY tawmfhukd tvSrf;a0;a0; jywffusefoGm;wJhtjzpf qdkuf&jyDaygh/
'DtcgrSm orifMuD; qm&mbmu jrif;cGmoH bmaMumifh aysmufomG ;ygvdrYf /
bk&if jyefvn S o
hf mG ;avovm;? 'grSr[kwf ig ckeaf usmcf w hJ hJ acsmufMuD;xJrsm;
usoGm;avovm;vdkY awG;Munfhw,f/
'DtawG;eJY qm&mbm aemufjyefvSnfhMunfhvdkufwJhtcg acsmuf
urf;yg;xdyfrSm pD;olrJhae&SmwJhjrif;BuD; [dkbufajy;vdkuf? 'Dbufajy;vkduf
vkyfaewmudk vSrf;jrifw,f/ jrif;MuD;Asmrsm;aeyHkyJ/ qm&mbm &ifxJ
raumif;jzpfvmw,f/ ESvHk;om;rSm Muifemoem;pdwf pdrfhjzmvmw,f/
]tif; aocsmygjyD? bk&ifcrsm acsmufMuD;xJ usoGm;&SmjyD? acsmuf
MuD;xJrSm xD;wnf;MuD; jzpfae&Sma&mhr,f/ wyfawG? aemufawmfygawG
uvnf; [k;d ta0;MuD;rSm jywfuse&f pfcjhJ yD xifygw,f/ ckvdk tajctaersK;d
a&muf&ol csif;wlawmif olu ykdtm;i,f&SmrSmyJ? olu bk&ifukd;? bk&if
qkad wmh ajymifvufaewJh vufeufawG ukid af qmifxm;MuwJh ppfonf&rJ uf
awG&rSd ,f? qifawG&rSd ,f/ olUtrdeYfawmfudk tcsed rf a&G;emcHaqmif&u G Mf ur,fh
vlawG&rdS ,f? olUudk toufay; umuG,af pmifah &Smufoal wG &drS ,f/ ckawmh
olwkdYwpfawG b,frSmvJ? wpfa,mufrS olUtem;rSm &dSMur,f rxifbl;/
tkd ol txD;usefjzpfae&SmjyD/ tif; oem;p&m aumif;vku d yf gbdawmhw,f/
tkd ol toufrS &dSygOD;rvm;/ ig olUqDoGm;r,f? touf&Sifaeao;&if
ig u,fr,f? olUukd u,fr,f}
orifMuD; qm&mbm[m trsKd;rsKd; pOf;pm;rdw,f/ pOf;pm;av
Muifemoem;pdwaf wG wd;k yGm;vmavyJ/ 'gaMumihf qH;k jzwfcsufwpfcek YJ twl
acsmufurf;yg;xdyt f a&muf wpf[ek x
f ;kd ajy;oGm;awmhw,f/ a&mufomG ;wJh
tcg acsmufurf;yg;xdyfuae &ifwxdwfxdwfeJY acsmufxJiHkYMunfhw,f/
olY&efolbk&if zHkrIefYawGxJrSm vJusNyD; ememusifusif nnf;nLaewmudk
jrifvdkuf&&ifyJ qm&mbm ratmifhEdkifawmhbl;/ tMuifempum;awG qdkrd
awmhw,f/
]vlom;rsm;&JUbk&if uREfkyfudk raMumufygvifh/ uREfkyfonf awm
awmifxrJ mS rsupf v d nf vrf;rSm;aeolrsm;udk &efjyKwwfonfrh aumif;qd;k 0g;
r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfonf oif aomufoHk;onhfa&udk aomufygonff/ ajrrSm
aygufaom jrufudk pm;ygonf/ tdk bk&if? pdk;&drfylyefjcif; uif;ygbdavmh/
uREfkyfwGif oifhtm; ulnDpGrf;Edkif&Sdyg\/ þacsmufBuD;xJrS oihftm;
u,fwifEikd pf rG ;f &Syd g\/ uREfyk u
f kd oHo,uif;&Si;f pGm ,kMH unfpwd cf sapcsif
ygonf/ uREfkyf acsmufBuD;xJ qif;vmcJhygawmhrnf/
bk&if[molYu, dk o
f l r,H&k aJ vmufatmif jzpfrw
d ,f/ ighrsuv f ;kH awG
jrifaewJhtwdkif;rS [kwfygavp/ tck ighfudku,fwifr,fhol[m igh&efol
r[kwfbl;vm;/
bk&if[mqm&mbmudrk &TUH r&J armhMunhaf ew,f/ olYwpfu, kd v f ;kH rSm
&SufpdwfawG zHk;aew,f/ aemufqHk;awmh bk&ifu tm;,lNyD; zGihf[0efcH
awmhw,f/
]tdk vSyacsmarmwJh orifMuD;? uREfkyf\ csyf0wffwefqmonff
tvGew f &mrS xlxcJ ikd rf mvSonft h wGuf tusqk;d eJY uscJ&h aomfjim; rsm;pGm
remusifcJhyg/ odkYygaomfvnf; ]oihf&efol uREfkyfjzpfcJhzl;onf} qkdaom
odpdwfaMumihf cHpm;&onhf a0'em 'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;u uREfkyftm;
tqaygif;rsm;pGm ydrk ekd musifapcJyh gNyD}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
bk&ihEf vS ;kH om;u jrpfzsm;cHvmwJph um;awGukd Mum;vdu k &f wJt
h cg
qm&mbmu bk&if olYudk ,HkMunfpdwfcsoGm;NyD cspfcifoGm;NyDqdkwm
odvdkufw,f/ 'gaMumihf qm&mbm[m acsmufxJtjrefa&mufatmifqif;?
bk&ihfudk ausmay:wif? cGeftm;tBuD;qHk;qdkwJh qifBuD;xuf omvGefwJh
cGetf m;udk xkwv f u dk Nf yD; rwfapmufvw
S hJ acsmufurf;yg;,HawGukd pwifwuf
awmhw,f/ tay:a&mufwJhtcg bk&ihfudk awmwGif;wpfae&mta&muf
o,faqmifvmcJw h ,f/
bk&if[m pGJudkifxm;wJh vufeuftm;vHk;udk qm&mbmab;rSm
pkNyHK ypfcsvdu k wf ,f/
]tdk u,fwif&Sif orifBuD;? oifhtm; uREfkyfrnfodkY aus;Zl;pum;
qdk&rnfudkyif rodEdkifawmhyg/ uREfkyf\ a&Teef;awmfBuD;ESihf uREfkyf\
EdkifiHawmfBuD;udk oihftm; uREfkyfay;tyfyg\/ cspfjrwfEdk;tyfaom
rdwfaqGorifBuD; uREfkyfESifh wpfygwnf; vdkufcJhyga vmh/ rkqdk;&ef? om;&J
wd&pämeftaygif;\ &efawGrsm;jym;vSaom þawmBuD;xJrmS uREykf f oiht f m;
rxm;&pf&ufawmhyg/
]jrwfaombk&if? oihfa&Teef;awmfBuD;udk vdkufyg&ef uREfkyftm;
rac:ygvih?f þawmonf uREykf \ f Edik if jH zpfyg\/ opfyifwYkdonf uREykf \ f
eef;awmfrsm;yifjzpfMuyg\/ tu,fí oifu uREfkyftm; trSefwu,f
aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhapcsifonf qdkygvQif ,ckuREfkyfajymrnfh udpöwpfckudk
vduk af vsmapcsiyf gonf/ aemif þawmwGi;f ü awmrvdu k &f ef jzpfygonf/
odkYrSom þawmtwGif; rSD;wif;aexdkifMuaom awmwd&pämeftaygif;
aysmf&iT cf srf;ajrhEikd Mf uygvdrrhf nf/ vGwv f w G v
f yfvyf pdwcf svufcs oGm;vm
vIy&f mS ;Edik Mf uygvdrrfh nf}
bk&ifu 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om vdu k af vsmw,f/f uwdjyKw,f/ bk&ifh
a&Teef;awmfBuD;udk jyefa&mufvmwJhtcg jynfoltm;vHk; twdkif;rod
0rf;om&Tifvef;oGm;Muw,f/ bk&ihfudk pnf;pnff;vHk;vHk; BudKqdkMuw,f/
csufcsif;qdkovdkyJ bk&ifu tJ'DawmtwGif; b,folrS awmrvdkuf&
trdefYudkpdwfpEdk;paemihf vHk;0rjzpffbJ xkwfjyefw,f/ 'DtrdefYxkwfjyefNyD;
aemufydkif;rSmawmh bk&if? jynfoljynfom;awG tm;vHk;eJY awmwd&pämef
aygif;wdYk ydrk akd ysmf&iT o f mG ;Muawmhw,f/
n
urf;yg;xdyfu vGrf;ausmufwkdif
[dk a&S;tcgu ]*sefoD[dktef} trnf&SdwJh bk&ifwpfyg;&SdcJhw,f/ ol[m
&ufpuf Murf;MuKwfw,f/ BuD;av;wJhtcGefawG aumuffw,f/ olYudk
wkdif;oljynfom;awGu rESpfNrdKMubl;/ bk&ifuvnf; olYtaMumif;
raumif;ajymolrSeforQudk zrf;NyD; tusOf;uswmcsnf;yJ/
wpfaeYrSm bk&ifu ausmif;q&muav; ]csef} udkzrf;vdkufw,f/
cseftzrf;cH&NyD; wpfvtMumrSm csefYZeD;u om;OD;uav; arG;w,f/
'Dom;OD;av;udk csefudk,fwdkifa&G;cJhwJh ]csif} emrnfay;vkdufw,f/ csif[m
tifrwefvw S uhJ av;rdYk rdcif ]vD} u odycf spw f maygh/ 'gayr,hf om;OD;av;
rsufESmudk jrifcGifhr&&SmwJh cifyGef;onfftwGufawmh awG;vdkufwkdif; pdwf
raumif;jzpf&&Smw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf wpfaeYawmh csef jyefa&mufvmvdrfh
r,ffvdkY ol aocsmayguf wGufxm;w,f/
csiu
f av; pum;ajymwwfwhJ t&G,rf mS cifyeG ;f onf&UJ pmtkyaf wG
xJu taMumif;t&mawGudk vDu oifjyay;w,f/ om;uav;u tazh
taMumif;ar;&if tazwpfae&mrSm tvkyfoGm;vkyfaew,f/ rMumcif
jyefvmvdrhfr,fvdkY ajym&w,f/ nOfheufvmwJhtcg csifuav;udk odyf&if;
csefwpfa,muf ab;uif;&efuif; acsmacsmarmarm jyefa&mufEdkifygapvdkY
qkawmif;&wmvnf; tarmygyJ/ csifuav; tdyaf ysmfomG ;awmhrS rD;tdru f kd
qG,J Nl yD; jywif;aygufem;rSm vDomG ;xdik w f ,f/ cifyeG ;f onf jyefa&mufE;kd Ed;k eJY
rtdyb f J apmihaf rQmfae&Smw,f/
csif av;ESpof m;t&G,af &mufwt hJ csed f wpfnrSm rkew
f ikd ;f usw,f/
wpfavmuvHk; avoHrdk;oH yGufyGufnHaevdkY csifuav; tdyf&mu vefYEdk;
vmNyD; idkawmhw,f/ 'Dawmh vDu tdyfceff;tjyifrSmyJ rD;tdrfudk xm;cJhNyD;
csiuf av; odyx f m;wJt
h cef;xJ0ifomG ;w,f/ 0ifomG ;wJt h &dyuf tcef;eH&rH mS
oGm;ay:aew,f/ 'Dt&dyu f jkd rifawmh csiuf av; vefYatmf&if; olb,fov l /J
olb,folvJvdkYar;w,f/ ]om;taz&JU udk,fyGm;aygh om;&,f} vdkY vDu
ajzvdkufwJhtcg csifuav;u 'l;axmuf vuftkyfcsD&Sdcdk;NyD; ]aumif;aom
nygazaz} vdkY EIwfqufw,f/
aemufnrsm;rSmawmh tdyf&m0ifwkdif; 'Dvdk EIwfqufEdkifatmif
vDu zefwD;&awmhw,f/
wpfnawmh csiu f av; tdyaf ysmaf ecdu
k rf mS vDb&k m;ausmif;oGm;p&m
BuHKvmw,f/ vD tdrfutxGufrSmyJ rarQmfvihfbJ csef a&mufvmNyD; ol
axmifu xGuaf jy;cJNh yDvYkd ajymw,f/ 'Dawmh vDu tdrx f rJ mS oGm;yke;f aezdYk
om;uav; csif rEkd;atmif owdxm;zdkYrSmNyD; tjrefqHk;jyefvmcJhr,fvdkY
ajymxGufoGm;w,f/
csef tdrfxJa&mufvdkY rMumcifrSmyJ csifuav; vefYEdk;vmawmh
w,f/ 'geJY csefu csifuav; tdyfcef;wHcg;em;ta&muf ajy;oGm;NyD;
]raMumufygeJY om;av;&,f? ig[m om;tazyguG,f} vdkY ajymjyw,f/
csiu f av; r,Hb k ;l / 'gaMumihf vefYpwd rf ajybJ idck svu kd af wmhw,f
id&k if;rSmvnf;
]xGufoGm; xGufoGm;? cifAsm;[m uRefawmfhtaz r[kwfbl;/
uRefawmhfhtazu [dk;ta0;BuD;rSm uRefawmf tdyf&m0ifcsdefusrS jyefa&muf
vmwm} vdkY ajymjyNyD; rMumcif jyeftdyfaysmfoGm;w,f}
csef b,fvdkrS rawG;wwfEdkifatmif jzpf&w,f/ apmapmuyJ
vDub,foGm;r,fqdkwm rajymbJ uwdkufu½dkufxGufoGm;cJhw,f/ tck
olYom; ukdk,fwdkifu ]tdyf&m0ifcsdefusrS taz jyefa&mufvmwm} vdkY
ajymjyefw,f/ vD[m olYtay: tcspfawG ukefcef;oGm;NyDvm;/ 'D tjzpfrsKd;
qdu k rf mS udak wmh ol odypf ;kd &dryf yl efrw
d ,f/ wpfcsed w
f nf;f rSm vD[m wpfa,muf
a,mufeYJ vufxyfvu kd w f mvnf; jzpfEikd w f myJvYkd awG;rdjyefw,f/ 'DtawG;
0iffvmawmh ol pdwfrcdkifawmhbl;/ a'goudk rxdef;csKyfEdkifawmhbl;/
'Dtdrfu xGufajy;oGm;zdkYtxd ol qHk;jzwfrdw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'Dtcsdefuav;rSmyJ vD jyefa&mufvmNyD;
]ppfom;wcsKdU NrdKUxJrSm a&mufaeMuw,f csef? &SihftwGuf
tEÅ&m,f&EdS ikd w f ,f xifw,f} vdYk ajymw,f/ 'Dvakd jymaecdu k f wpfcsdev f ;kH rSm
vDu csefYrsufESmudk rrSdwfrokef MunhfaewmrdkY csefY rsufESmjyifxufu
a'go&dyfawGudk *½kpdkufrdw,f/ taMumif;&if;udk vDu ar;awmh csefu
oloo H ,jzpfaewmawGukd yGiyfh iG v fh if;vif; ajymNyD; ajy;xGuo f mG ;awmhw,f/
csefwpfa,muf b,favmuf pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpf&SmrvJ/ vD odygw,f/
olvHk;vHk; pdwfraumif;Edkifawmhbl;/ tdrfxJu ajy;xGufNyD; csefaemufudk
vdkufw,f/ 'gayr,fh csef&JU t&dyfta,mifudkawmif rawGU&awmhbl;/ vD
bmvky&f rvJ/ BuHK&wJh tjzpfq;kd twGuf &ifemvmw,f/ aqmufwnf&mr&
jzpfvmw,f/ b0udk tqkH;pD&ifzdkY qkH;jzwfvkdufw,f/ csufcsif;yJ vD[m
tifrwef jrihfrm;wJh jrpfurf;yg;xdyfudk ajy;wufoGm;NyD; jrpfxJckefcsvdkuf
w,f/
wpfaumif<uufuav; csiu f kd tdref ;D csi;f awGu ac:,larG;pm;xm;
Mu&wmayhg/
aemufwpfaeYrmS tusO;f om;awGukd vGwNf idr;f csr;f omcGifh ay;vdu k f
w,f/ 'gaMumihf ausmif;q&muav; cse[ f m yke;f ae&mu csucf si;f xGucf NhJ yD;
olY&Gmudk jyefvmcJhw,f/ &Gm0ifwmeJY vD&JU tjzpfqdk;udk Mum;vdkuf&w,f/
olYacgif; csmcsmvnfoGm;w,f/ rl;arhrwwf jzpfoGm;w,f/ om;uav;
csif taMumif;u acgif;xJ0ifvmjyefw,f/ 'geJY olYtdrfeD;csif;awGqD
ta&mufajy;w,f/ csiu f av;&d&S m tdraf &mufawmh arSmifaeNyD/ csiu f av;u
tdy&f m0ifcsed af &mufaeNyD/ 'gaMumihf csiu f av;u olYtazudk ac:vdu k w
f ,f/
'Dtcg csefu csifuav;&JU tdyfcef;ab;u pm;yGJay:rSm rD;tdrfudkwif
vdkufNyD;tdyfcef;xJ0ifzdkY tcef;udkjzwftavQmuf olYt&dyfu eH&Hay:rSm
oGm;xifw,f/ t&dyu f jkd rifvu
kd w
f meJY csifuav;u 'l;axmuf? vuftyk cf sD
&Sdcdk;w,f/ NyD;awmh ]aumif;aomnyg azaz} vdkY EIwfqufvdkufw,f/
'DawmhryS J csew f pfa,muf tjzpfreS u f kd em;vnfoabmaygufomG ;awmhw,f/
aemufydkif;usawmh csefu urf;yg;xdyfrSm ausmufwdkifuav;
wpfwdkif pdkufxlvdkufw,f/ naewdkif; om;tzESpfa,muf ausmufwdkifqD
oGm;Muw,f/ &nf&, G cf suu f awmh csppf &maumif;wJh ZeD;? csppf &maumif;wJh
rdcif vDudk trSwf&wJh txdrf;trSwftjzpf uefawmhzdkYygyJwJh/ n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
yg;pyfzGmwJh rdef;r
wpfcgwke;f u v,form;vifr,m; &Scd w hJ ,f/ r,m;u tifrwef yg;pyfzmG
w,f/ bmwpfckrS vQKdU0Sufrxm;Edkifbl;/ olod&if wpf&GmvHk;odNyDom
rSwaf ya&mh/
wpfaeYawmh v,form;u awmxJoGm;NyD; olaxmifcJhwJh 0HykavG
axmifacsmufukd wl;w,f/ 'DtcgrSm jr§Kyfxm;wJh &wemawGukd awGU&w,f/
'Dawmh v,form;u ]tif; ig bmvky&f &ifaumif;rvJ/ rde;f rom odomG ;&if
wpf&mG vH;k owif;jyefYawmhr,f? igh ajrydik &f iS Bf uD;vJ Mum;rSmyJ/ olMum;oGm;
&if 'D&wemawG qHk;cef;a&mufNyD? olu tukefodrf;rSm} vdkY pOf;pm;NyD;
tBuHxkwfw,f/ aemufqHk;tBuHaumif;wpfck &vdkufw,f/
v,form;[m &wemawGukd jyefjr§Kyfvu kd w f ,f/ ae&mudk aumif;
aumif; rSwo f m;xm;w,f/ NyD;rS tdrjf yefcw hJ ,f/ tjyefrmS jrpfbufvn S Nfh yD;
ol cscJhwJhydkufudk Munhfw,f/ ig;wpfaumifrdaew,f/ ol[m ig;udk,lNyD;
,keaf xmifcw hJ ahJ e&mudk qufomG ;w,f/ axmifacsmufxrJ mS ,kew f pfaumif
rdaew,f/ ol[m ,kefudkxkwf,lNyD; apmapmu ig;udk axmifacsmufxJ
xnhfxm;cJhw,f/ NyD;awmh jrpfbufudkjyefvSnfhcJhNyD; ydkufxJrSm ,kefudk
xnhjf yefcsxm;cJw h ,f/
tdrjf yefa&mufawmh tawmfarSmifaeNyD/
]uJ rdef;ra&? rD;arT;NyD; rkefYqDaMumf aMumfuGm}
]nMuD;rif;BuD;awmf? bmvkyzf YkdvJ 'Dtcsed rf sK;d b,forl rS ek YfraMumfb;l
&Sm&SmazGazG aemuf bmawGrsm; qufcdkif;OD;rvJ rodbl;}
]a[h jyefajymraeeJY? cdkif;wm vkyfprf;uGm? jrKyfxm;wJh &wemawG
ig awGUcJhvdkYuG? tJ'D&wemawGudk ck nwGif;csif; tdrfudko,f&r,f}
rde;f r odyt f jl rL;oGm;w,f/ odyu f kd auseyfomG ;w,f/ csucf si;f x
rD;arT;NyD; rkefYawG aMumfw,f/
]uJ vm ylylav; pm;vdkufOD;}
rdef;ru apwemawG a&pD;urf;NydKjzpfaew,f/ v,form;u
rkefYwpfck,lpm;NyD; rkefYESpfck oHk;ckudk rdef;r rodatmif tdwfBuD;wpffvHk;xJ
xnfhw,f/ aemufwpfck ,lpm;? oHk;av;ck tdwfxJ wdwfwdwfxnfh/
]awmfuvnf; tpm;Murf;vdu
k w
f m? uRefr Edik af tmifraMumfwwf
awmhbl;}
]oGm;&rSmu ta0;BuD;? &wemawGu odyfav;wm? t0tNyJ
pm;xm;rSuG}
ajym&if; rkeYf awG tdwjf ynfo h mG ;atmif rde;f rtvpfrmS xnhw f ,f/
jynho f mG ;rS
]uJ Adkuftawmfwif;oGm;jyD? rif;vJ pm;vdkufOD;? jreffjrefpm;uG?
oGm;Mu&atmif}
rdef;ruvnf; tjrefqHk;pm;w,f/ NyD;wmeJY vifr,m;ESpfa,muf
xGufvmcJhMuw,f/
'Dn[m tawmfhudk arSmifaew,f/ v,form;u rkefYawGudk
tdwfxJu rodromxkwf? rdef;r rjrifatmif opfudkif;awGrSmcsdwf&if;
a&SUoGm;w,f/ tawmfav; c&D;aygufvmawmhrS opfuikd ;f awGay:wifaewJh
rkefYawGukd rdef;ru owdxm;rdw,f/
][,f Munhfprf;? opfyifay:rSm rkefYawGawmh}
]tJ'g bmqef;ovJuG? tckav;wif rkeYfrdk; &Gmcsvdkufwm rif;
rodbl;vm;}
]rodygbl;awmf? ikwfpl;rSmpdk;vdkY atmufudkyJ MunhfhvmcJhwm}
rdef;r bmrS apm'u rwufawmhbl;/ 'DtcgrS v,form;u
]ig ,kefaxmifcJhao;w,f? oGm;MunfhMuOD;pdkY}
olaxmifcw hJ ahJ e&ma&mufawmh v,form;u axmifacsmufxu J
ig;udk qGJxkwfvdkufw,f/ rdef;r tHhtm;oihfaew,f/
][,f ,kefaxmifwm ig;rdaew,f? Mum;yJ rMum;zl;ygbl;awmf}
]tif; rif;u ukef;ig; a&ig; ESpfrsKd;&Sdwm rodbJudk;}
]qef;vduk wf mawmf? ,Hak wmif r,Hck sib f ;l ? wpfcgrSvJ rjrifz;l bl;}
rMumcif olwYkd vifr,m; jrpfbufvn S cfh jhJ yefw,f/
]awmf 'Dem;avmufrSm ydkufcscJhwm r[kwfvm;? uJ qGJMunhfMu
&atmif}
ajymajymqdq k kd ydu
k u
f kd qGw
J ifvu kd w
f ,f/ ydu k x
f rJ mS awmh ,kew
f pf
aumif/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]a[mawmh? ,kefuav; [Jh? tif; uaeYawmh tqef;awGcsnf;yg
uvm;? ig;zrf;wm ,kefrdowJhawmf}
]a[h a[h t"dymÜ ,f r&dw S mawG bmaMumihf ajymae&jyefwmvJu?G
a&,keu f kd rjrifz;l wmusaewmyJumG }
]wu,hfudk rjrifzl;bl;}
tHhMorqHk;jzpf&if; pum;ajym&if; qufvmMuawmh aemufqHk;rSm
&wemawG jr§Kyfxm;wJh ae&ma&mufMuw,f/ v,form;u jyefazmf?
NyD;wmeJYcGJNyD; o,fvmcJhMuw,f/
tjyefrmS ajrydik &f iS Bf uD;tdraf &SUa&mufawmh tdrx f u J ay:xGuv f mwJh
od;k atmfoaH Mumihf rde;f r[m wtm;veYo f mG ;w,f/ v,form;em; ajy;uyf
vdu k Nf yD; ][if bmoHBuD;vJawmh? vefYvu kd wf mawmf?vdyjf ymawmifpOfavmuf
yg&JU} vdkY wD;wdk;ajymw,f/
]½SL; wdww f wd af e? tJ'gigwdYkocif ajrykid &f iS Bf uD;udk raumif;qd;k 0g;
awGu owfaewm[? igwdkYudk rjrifvdkYomayghuGm}
rdefr[m bmrS rajymawmhbJ tdrfta&muf wpfcsKd;wnf; vpf
awmhw,f/
tdrjf yefa&mufwmeJY v,form;u &wemawGuv kd NkH cHKww
hJ pfae&mrSm
0Sufxm;vdkufw,f/ NyD;rS tdyf&mxJ 0ifMuw,f/
]ra&Tpm 'D &wemawGtaMumif; b,foYlurkd S pum;r[rdapeJYaemf?
pum;[vdkufwmeJY igwdkY 'ku©a&mufomNyDom rSwfawmh}
]pdwcf sprf;ygawmf? wpfceG ;f r[ygbl;}
aemufaeYreufrSm olwdkYvifr,m; tdyf&mx aemufusw,f?
rdef;ru rD;arT;NyD; a&oGm;cyfw,f? a&wGif;a&mufawmh tdrfeD;csif;
wpfa,mufu
]uaeY aemufusvScsnfvm;ath? cgwdkif;qdk&if tapmBuD;a&cyf
ygw,f? bmjzpfvdkYvJ} vdkY ar;w,f/
]tif; ar;rSjzihf ajym&awmhrSmaygh? nu tdyfa&;ysufw,fav?
tjyifomG ;aeMu&vdYk yg}
]b,foGm;MuwmvJ}
]aBomf tdru f vlav? &wemawG awGUcJv h Ykd tJ'g nurS oGm;o,fchJ
&w,f}
'DtaMumif;[m 'DaeYtzdkYawmh &GmrSm ajymp&mjzpfoGm;ygNyD/ ][dk
vifr,m;av? &wemawGtrsm;BuD; awGUowJh? aiGawGuvJ tdwfBuD;
ESpftdwf tjynhftarmufyJwJh} vdkY csJum;ajymMuw,f/
'DnaerSmyJ 'D owif;u ajrykikd &f iS Bf uD;qD a&mufomG ;w,f/ 'Dawmh
olu v,form;udk qihfac:NyDaygh/
]uJ rif; &wemawG awGUcJhw,fvdkY Mum;&w,f/ rif; bmajymcsif
ovJ}
]&wemawG? wcgrS rMum;zl;yguvm;Asm}
]rnmeJYaemf? ig tm;vHk; odxm;NyD;NyD? rif; rdef;r udk,fwdkifu
vlwdkif;udk 'Dtwdkif; ajymjyaewmuG}
]aBomf a[mfa[mf? 'Dvu
kd ;kd ? t½l;yJAsm ajymcsi&f mavQmufajymrSmaygh?
ocifhudkawmif ocif tdyfrufawmif rrufzl;wJhtaMumif;awG ajymcsif
ajymrSmyJ}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]at; MunhfMuao;wmayghuGm}
ajrydkif&SifBuD;u v,form; rdef;rudk csufcsif;tac:vTwfw,f/
a&mufvmwmeJY
]rif;&JU a,mufsm; &wemawG awGUcJhw,fqdk}
][kwfw,f ocif? awGUcJhygw,f}
]tJ'D &wemawGudk rif;wdkY oGm;,lcJhMuNyD r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f ocif? ,lcJhMuygNyD}
]yxr uRefrwdkY awmvrf;c&D;u oGm;Muygw,f? 'Dawmh uRefr
opfyifawGay:rSm rkeYf qaD BumfawGukd jrif&ygw,f}
]bmuG? rkefYqDaBumfawG [kwfp}
][kwfygw,f ocif? tJ'Dtcsdefu rkefYqDaBumfrdk; &GmcscJhw,fav?
aBomf ocifawmif rodbJudk;? tif; xm;ygav? aemuf uRefrwdkY
,keaf xmifxm;wJh axmifacsmufukd oGm;MunhMf uw,f? axmifacsmufxrJ mS
ig;wpfaumif rdaew,f? 'geJY ig;udk,lcJhNyD; jrpfxJrSm cscJhwJh ydkufudk
oGm;MunhfMujyefw,f? ydkufxJrSm ,kefwpfaumifrdaew,f? ,kefudk,lNyD;rS
&wemawG jrKyfxm;wJhae&mudk vmcJhMuwmyg? a&mufwmeJY jyefazmfNyD;
wpfa,mufwpftw d f xrf;vmMuygw,f/ tjyefrmS ociht f rd af &SUa&mufawmh
raumif;qdk;0g;awGu ocihfudk owfaeMuw,fav}
v,form;&JUrde;f r pum;rqH;k cif ajrydik &f iS Bf uD; axmif;ceJ a'go
xGufoGm;w,f/ ajcaqmihfNyD; wpfcsufatmfvdkufonf/
][Jh t½l;r? awmf ckcsufcsif; xGufoGm;prf;}
'DawmhrS v,form;u
]uJ 'Dred ;f r oGuo
f u
G cf g ½l;aew,fqwkd m ocifoNd yD r[kwv f m;/
olYtwGuf uRefawmf odyfudk pdwfraumif;jzpfae&ygw,f ocif}
]uJ uJ ajymraeeJYawmh? ig ,HkNyD? rif;vJ jyefawmh}
v,form;u aysmfaysmf&Ti&Tif jrL;jrL;<u<u jyefvmcJhw,f/
ajrydkif&SifBuD;udk vSnhfzdkY ol zefwD;cJhwJh [moudkvnf; wpdrfhpdrfhawG;NyD;
yDwjd zpfae MunfE;l aerSm trSeyf /J
n
0uf n D a emif
]wa'gufa'gufeJY jzwfavQmufoGm;wm b,folrsm;ygvdrfh}
&Gmvrf;tqHk;rSmaeMuwJh 0ufaygufuav;ESpfaumifu pOf;pm;Munhf
vdkufw,f/ wu,fawmh wa'gufa'gufeJY jzwfavQmufoGm;olu
tbGm;tdkav; wpfa,mufyg/ olY cE¨mudk,fu ueffaygifay:u rdk;rcudkif;
uefxJ udkif;nGwfusaeovdkyJ/
'DtbGm;tdkav;u awmifa0S;axmufNyD; avQmufvSrf;vmawmh
wa'gufa'guf toHjrnfwmaygh? 'DtoHMum;awmh udik ;f yifrsm;Mum;rSmaewJh
0ufaygufuav; ESpaf umifu aMumufaMumuf&UHG &HUG eJY acsmif;MunhMf uw,f/
acsmif;MunhfaeMuwJh 0ufaygufav;ESpfaumifudkvnf; tbGm;tdkav;u
vSr;f awGUvdu
k w f ,f/
]a[h wd&pämefuav;awG rif;wdkYu b,folawGvJ/ rif;wkYdrSm
tarr&Sdawmhbl;vm;? uJ tarr&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if ighjcif;awmif;xJ0ifMu
aya&mh? Am&mPoDjynfBuD;&JU wHcg;teD;rSm&Sw d hJ ightrd u
f av;udk ac:oGm;½Hyk J
rif;wkdYav;awGudk ig arG;pm;r,fav}
ajym&if;qd&k if;rSmyJ tbGm;tdak v;u 0ufaygufuav;ESpaf umifukd
jcif;awmif;xJ aumufwnfw h ,f? olYjcif;awmif;uvnf; 0gcif;uaumuf
cJhwJh 0gawGeJY tjynfh? tbGm;tdkav;u tdrfa&mufvmwJhtxd wa'guf
a'gufeJY qufavQmufvmcJhw,f/ tdrfa&mufawmh jcif;awmif;xJu
0ufaygufuav; ESpfaumifudk tjyifxkwf? 'l;ESpfvHk;ay:tomwif?
tr,fav;av; aysmfaevdkufyHkrsm; NyHK;vdkY&,fvdkY/ tbGm;tdkav;u tBuD;
aumifudk ]r[mwGH"dv} vdkY trnfay;vdkufw,f/ ti,faumifudkawmh
]ukvwGH"dv}wJh/
wpfp wpfpeJY &uf v ESpaf wG ukev f eG vf mcJwh ,f/ tbGm;tdak v;u
0ufaygufuav;ESpaf umifukd aumif;rGew f hJ tpm;tpmawG aeYpOfauR;w,f/
om;&if; orD;&if;vdkvnf; cspfaerdw,f/
wpfaeYusawmh tbGm;tdkav;aexdkifwJh ae&meJY reD;ra0;u
&Gmwpf&GmrSm tifrwefBuD;rm;wJh pm;yGJBuD;wpfck usif;yw,f/ tJ'D&Gmom;
awG[m wpfaeukef pm;Mu? aomufMu? rl;Mu ,pfMuaygh/ 'gayrJh
&GmxJrmS &Swd hJ om;ig;awGom ukeo f mG ;w,f/ &Gmom;awG r0Edik Mf uao;bl;/
qufcsiMf uao;w,f/ 'geJY olwYkd[m tbGm;tdak v;qD xGuv f mcJMh uw,f/
]tara& a[m'DrSm aiGAs/ tarh 0ufESpfaumifudk a&mif;aemf}
]tr,fav;? BuHBuD;pnf&mawmf? ra&mif;Edik yf gbl;? ihg0ufuav;
awGudk rif;wdkYvufxJ b,fvdkvkyf xnhf&ufEdkifrSmvJ? tif; aeygOD; ? rdcif
wpfa,muf[m aiG&zdkY olYrSm om;&if; orD;&if;awGudk a&mif;½dk;xHk;pHa&m
&SMd uvdYk vm;[if? ajymMuprf;ygOD;}
]aBomf tar&,f? olwdkYu om;&if; orD;&iff;awGrS r[kwfbJ?
0ufawGyAJ sm? 'D0ufawGeYJ tar bmvkyOf ;D rSmvJ/ uJyg tar&m a&mif;vdu k f
prf;yg? bmvJ aiGenf;vdYk vm;? a&mh a&mh a[m'D a&T'*Fg;awG tuke, f v
l u
kd f
ayawmh}
'gayrJh tbGm;tdkav;u vdrfvdrfrmrmeJYyJ acgif;cgvdkufw,f
'Dawmh0uf0,fvo kd &l mG om;awGutbGm;tdak v;udak o&nfawGwu kd f
w,f/ tbGm;tdkav; rl;vmawmhrS xyffqG,fMujyefw,f/
]uJ tara&? 'DaiGawGudk vufcHaemf}
]&w,fav? &ygw,f? vdkwm&apraygh? tJ wpfckawmh&Sd&JU?
r[mwGH"dvudkawmh ig ra&mif;bl;? b,fawmhrS ra&mif;bl;? vdkcsif&if
ukvwGHG"dvudk ,loGm;Mu? 'gyJ}
oabmwlnDrI&wJhtcg tbGm;tdkav;u wHcg;0rSm csxm;wJh

0ufpm;cGufxJudk xrif;enf;enf;xnhfNyD; ]ukvwGH"dv? ukvwGH"dv} vdkY
ac:vduk wf ,f/
tbGm;tdak v; ac:aeoHukd r[mwG"H v d uMum;awmh ]r[kwaf o;
ygbl;? igwdYk rdcifBuD;[m ukvwG"H v d udk b,fwek ;f urS t&ifrac:zl;ygbl;?
ighemrnfudkom t&ifac:NrJyg? tif; wdkYESpfOD;tay: tEÅ&m,f wpfpHk
wpf&mawmh usvmawmhr,fxifw,f}vdkY awG;NyD; pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfae
rdw,f/
'DtcdkufrSm ]ukvwGH"dv} tbGm;tdkav;qD oGm;aeNyDaygh/ 'gayrJh
wHcg;0u pm;cGuu f kd vSr;f jrifw,f/ BudK;uk, kd pf uD ikd x
f m;olawGukd jrifw,f/
'gaMumihf ukvwG"H v d qufo f mG ;zdYk r0Hrh &Jjzpfvmw,f/ aMumufpw d vf eG u
f J
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
vmwJhtcg qufroGm;awmhbJ r[mwGH"dvqD ta&mufajy;awmhw,f/
olYESvHk;om;uav; ckefaew,ff/ &yfwpfjyifvHk; wkefaew,f/
xdwx f wd yf smysmjzpfvmwJh ukvwG"H v d udk r[mwG"H v d pdwx f ed ;f NyD;
at;aq;wnfNidrfpGm qD;ar;vkdufw,f/
]nDav; ukvwGH"dv bmaMumihfrsm; 'Davmufxd xdyfxdyfysmysm
acsmufacsmufcsm;csm; jzpfae&ovJ}
]rdcifBuD;u uREfkyfwdkY pm;cGufudk wHcg;0rSm csxm;w,f/ wHcg;0
rSmvnf; BudK;ud, k pf uD ikd x
f m;wJv h al wG &yhaf eMuw,f/ tpfuu kd REykf w
f Ykdtay:
tEÅ&m,fqdk;BuD; usa&mufawmhr,f xifyg&JU}
r[mwG"H v d &JU El;nHw h hJ rsuv f ;kH tpH[
k m olYnt D ay: MuifMuifemem
pl;pdkufaew,f/ cPMumrS wkd;niff;csKdompGm jyefajymvdkufw,f/
]cspnf D ukvwG"H v d ? cspn f &D UJ OD;acgif;udk wkev f yI jf cif;uif;wJh pdwef YJ
armhxm;vdu k pf rf;yg? 0rf;renf;ygeJY cspn f ?D wdYkwpfawGukd jyKpkauR;arG;vmwJh
t&if;cH taMumif;udk cspfnD oabmaygufxm;prf;yg? vlawGtvdk&Sdwmu
wdkY&JU tom;yJr[kwfvm; cspfnD? uJ cspfnD? rdcifBuD;ac:aeygw,f/
oGm;vdkufygawmh cspfnD}
r[mwGH"dv[m pdwfxdcdkufvGef;vdkY rsuf&nfaygufaygufus
vmw,f/ 'gayr,hf ajymp&m rukefao;bl;/
]a&mifrsKd;pHw k hJ pm;aomufyaJG eYBuD;rSmvdk
a&tdik if ,fxaJ &csKd;yg nDi,f?
'Dtcg b,faomtcgrS &eHYrjy,fr,fh
tarT;eHYomwpfck
oif awGYEikd af yr,f}
tvdk tHzh , G of &Jygvm;/ avmutm;vH;k b,fvb dk ,fykH jzpfomG ;
ygvdr/fh rsufpad tmufrmS yJ ½kww f &uf ajymif;vJuek Nf yD/ jrufyifawGMum;u
yef;uav;awG? ESvHk;om; EkEkzyfzyfuav;awG zGihfNyD; em;pGihfaeMuNyD/ tdk
Munfhprf;? opfyifawGawmif tvdktavsmuf udkif;nGwfoGm;Muyguvm;/
av &yfwhHoGm;NyD/ aus;iSufom&umawGvnf; ysH&if; wHkYqdkif;oGm;MuNyD/
tbGm;tdkuav;eJY 0uf0,f&Gmom;rsm; rl;,pfjcif;aysmufuif;oGm;MuNyD/
udik af qmifxm;wJh BudK;awG tvkv d v kd w G u f suek Nf yD/ arwåmydYkoaH v;wpfc[ k m
Am&mPoDjynfwiG ;f txd ysUH vGix fh ;dk azmufvmcJNh yD/ axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom
vlcsrf;omrsm;? vlqif;&Jrsm;u arwåmydkYoH csKdjrjrudk Mum;MuNyD/ Mum;Mu
olwdkif; pdwfESvHk; ñdI;csKH; aMuuGJaeMuNyD/ a[m vlawG? vlawG? rñdSxm;

ygbJvsuf wlaeyguvm;/ olwYkd tm;vH;k arwåmoH&UJ tp rlv ae&mbuf
OD;wnfavQmufoGm;aeMuNyD/ tdrfav;wpfvHk;a&SU olwdkYa&mufvmcJhMuNyD/
tdk NcHpnf;½dk;awGudk csKd;zsufNyD; tdrfuav;udk 0dkif;xm;Muyga&mvm;/
ukvwG"H vd crsm bmudrk S rjrifEikd &f mS bl;/ bmudrk vS nf; rMum;Edik f
&Smbl;/ tpfudk r[mwGH"dv ajymMum;vdkufwJh pum;t"dyÜm,fudk oabm
ayguf em;vnfatmifyJ pOf;pm;aew,f/
]]ightpfukd bmaMumifh 'Dpum;ukd ajymwmvJ? igwkdY b,fwkef;u
rSvnf; a&tkdifi,fxJ a&qif;rcsKd;cJhMuzl;bl;/ tarT;eHUomqkdwmukdvnf;
wpfMudrf wpfcgrS rawGUjrifczhJ ;l bl;? tkd nDav; bmrS rawG;wwfawmhb;l }}
aemufq;Hk awmh ukvwG"H v d [m tpfuadk jymvku d w
f phJ um;t"dymÜ ,fudk
odvakd ZmeJYar;Munhv f u kd w
f ,f/
]tpfukd tpfuYkdpum;t"dymÜ ,fukd &Si;f jyygawmh? nDi,fem;rvnfEikd f
awmhyg? a&tdkifi,fqdkwm bmudk qdkvdkygovJ tpfudk? aemufNyD;
b,faomtcgrS &eHYrjy,fwhJ tarT;eHYom qdw k mua&m bmrsm;ygvJtpfu}kd
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
r[mwG"H v d u wnfwnfNidrNf idrf jyefajzw,f/ vltyk Bf uD;uvnf;
wkwfwkwfrQ rvIyfbJ em;axmifaeMuw,f/
]cspfn?D a&tdik if ,fqwkd m cspfjcif;arwåmyg? 'D cspfjcif;arwåmonf
yyifvQif b,faomtcgrS &eHYrjy,fwhJ tarT;eHYom jzpfayw,f/ 0rf;f renf;
prf;ygeJY nDi,fav;? 'DavmuxJu xGufcGmoGm;zdkY qefcsnfwpfrQifrQ
0rf;renf;prf;ygeJY? touf&iS v f suef YJ pdwrf csr;f ajrhaeolawG tajrmuftjrm;
&Sad eygw,f? om,mcsr;f ajrhrt I wGuf toufay;aeMuolawGvnf; a&wGuf
rukeEf ikd yf gbl; cspfn}D
'DcsKdjrMunfat;wJh arwåmoH[m eef;jyó'fudk ausmfjzwfvGihfysHU
vmw,f/ Am&mPoDjynfh&Sifudk,fwkdif Mum;rdvdkufw,f/ 'DtoHaMumihf
bk&if pdwfxdcdkufNyD; rsuf&nfvnfvmw,f/
tbGm;tdak v;&JUwJtrd u f 0kd ikd ;f xm;MuwJt
h xJrmS Am&mPoDjynfom;
awG tajrmuftjrm;ygaew,f/olwdkYtm;vHk;0rf;omaysmfjrL;aeMuw,f/
ckefaygufatmf[pfaeMuw,f/ vufawG a0SY&rf;aeMuw,f/ aemufqHk;rSm
olwYkd[m r[mwG"H v d eJY ukvwG"H v d 0ufnaD emifukd eef;awmfwiG ;f ta&muf
o,faqmifvmMuawmhw,f/
bk&ifu 0ufnaD emifukd taumif;qH;k tarT;eHYom&nfrsm;eJY oefYpif
ay;zdkY? ydk;NcHKxnfrsm;eJY vTrf;NcKHay;zdkY csufcsif;trdefYawmfxkwfvkdufw,f/
NyD;awmh &wemuH;k awGukd vnfrmS qGaJ pw,f/ 0ufnaD emif[m jA[®'wfb&k if
touf&Sifaeoa&GU eef;awmfBuD;xJrSm aexkdifoGm;Muw,f/ trItcif;
wpfpHkwpf&m qHk;jzwfp&m&Sdwkdif; jrihfjrwfvSwJh r[mwGH"dv a&SUarSmufrSm
tppftaq;? tqHk;tjzwf cH,lapw,f/
ESpfaygif; tawmfMumvmwJhtcg jA[®'wfbk&if ouf&G,fBuD;&ihf
tdkrif;vm&mu ewf&GmpHw,f/ 'DawmhrSyJ r[mwGH"dveJY ukvwGH"dv
0ufnDaemif[m awmwGif;rSmaexdkifMuzdkY a&Teef;awmfBuD;u xGufcGmvm
Muw,f/ 0ufnaD emif xGucf mG oGm;MuNyDqakd wmh Am&mPoDjynfojl ynfom;
awG pdwrf aumif;jzpfMuw,f/ 0rf;en;faMuuGMJ uw,f/ rsu&f nfpufvufeYJ
use&f pfcMhJ uw,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf w&m;rQwrIuawmh Am&mPoDjynfrSm qufvuf
&SifoefaeqJyJ/ jynfoljynfom;tcsif;csif;uvnf; armif&if;ESrawGvdk
cspcf spcf ifcif aexdik o f mG ;Muw,f/ tm;vH;k yJ aysm&f iT cf sr;f ajrhMuw,f/ n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
olwYkd ZeD;armifE[ HS m tck touft&G,af wG tdrk if;&ifah &mfvmwm
rSew
f ,f/ qif;&Jwm rSew f ,f/ 'gayr,hf olwYkd EpS Of ;D pvH;k [m [d;k i,fpOfu
aysmcf ?hJ MunfE;l cJo h vdk aysmaf eqJ? MunfE;l aeqJy/J olwYkd b0wm wpfavQmuf
vHk; wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ESpfESpfumumBuD;udk cspfcJhMuw,f/ olwdkYESvHk;om;rSm
ude;f 0yfaewJh aysmf&iT cf srf;ajrhr[ I m b,fawmhrS rysufjy,fEikd af wmhb;l /
olwYkd&UJ taqmifta,mifrw hJ hJ wJuav;u awmifqif;wpfcak y:
rSmav/ tjcm;wJawG? tdraf wGeYJ enf;enf;vSr;f w,faygh/ tbk;d eJYtbGm;u
olwdkYqD a&mufvmolrSeforQ t,kwftvwf tjrwfra&G; MuifMuifemem?
ysLysLiSmiSm vufcHquffqHMuw,f/ awmifapmif;atmufu vlawGeJYawmh
odyftquftqH rvkyfbl;av/ cyfwef;wef; cyfrSefrSefyJ qufqHw,ff/
tJ'DvlawGu p½dkufMurf;Muw,f/ wpfudk,faumif; qefMuw,f/
aumufuspf&ufpufMuw,f/ 'gaMumihfyJ xifw,f tdkvHypfawmifawmf
ay:u ewfb&k m;awG 'DnrSm olwYkd wpfawGukd 'PfcwfzYkd pDpOfaeMuNyDav/
ewfb&k m;awG tpDtpOfukd tbk;d eJYtbGm;uawmh b,foyd ghrvJ/
'gaMumihfrdkYvnf; axGaxGxl;xl; wpfckck jzpfvmawmhr,fqdkwmudk vHk;0
rawG;rdMubl;/ awmifapmif;atmufbufu qlqn l n
H t H oHawGay:vmawmh
awmif rkew f ikd ;f rdvmMuwJh c&D;oGm;awGukd tMuifemrJh armif;xkwaf eoHawG
jzpfrSmyJvdkY awG;½dk;awG;pOf awG;vdkufMuw,f/ wu,fawmhvnf; awmif
apmif; atmufbufu vlawG[m olpdrf;{nfhonfawGudk b,fwkef;urS
pmemaxmufxm;cJMh uwm r[kwb f ;l av/ wpfcgwpf&H tifrwef½ikd ;f pdik ;f wJh
acG;awGeJY ½SL;wdkufMuw,f/ wpfcgwpf&H cJawGeJY ayguffMuw,f/
tckvkd rkew f ikd ;f xefaewke;f qlqn l nH t
H oHawG Mum;vdu k &f awmh
tbk;d eJYtbGm;u ]tif; c&D;onfawGcrsm oem;p&m? tbd;k wdYk tbGm;wdYkqyD J
vmcJhMuyguG,f} vdkY wD;wdk; a&&GwfrdvdkufMuao;w,f/ tbdk;eJYtbGm;
wD;wdk;a&&GwfoHrSm {nfhonfrsm;udk qGJiifEdkifwJhtm;} wpfpHkwpf&m ygae
ovm;yJ/ wD;wd;k a&&Gwv f Ykd rMumcifrmS yJ {nfo h nfEpS Of ;D a&mufvmw,fav/
wHcg;acgufoH Mum;vdkufwmeJY tbkd; zDvDrGef wHcg;zGifhay;zdkY
cyfoGufoGufuav; xoGm;w,f/ wHcg;yGifhoGm;csdefrSm vQyfpD;wpfcsuf
jyufvdkufwmrdkY {nhfonfESpfa,muf wHcg;0rSm &yfaewmudk oJoJuGJuGJ
jrifvu kd w
f ,f/
wpfa,mufu f t&yfjrihjf rif/h bk&ih½f yk &f nfrsK;d / usewf pfa,mufu
cyfoGufoGuf/ usufoa&&SdwJh vli,fygyJ/ {nfhonfESpfa,mufpvHk;
0wf½HkeufBuD;awG NcHKxm;w,f/ ESpfa,mufpvHk; rdk;a&awG &TJ&TJepffaewmrdkY
tbk;d u olwYkdukd wJxt J jrefac:? rd;k pufawG ryufEikd af tmif wHcg;udjk yefyw d /
]uJarmif&ifav;wdkY?pdwfcsrf;omvufcsrf;omaeMuaemftbkd;wdkYu
qif;&Jw,fuGJU? 'gayr,fh tbdk;wdkYrSm &Sdwmudkawmh apwemtjynhft0eJY
rQa0auR;arG;cJMh upNrJyguG,}f
{nho f nfEpS af ,mufut0wfpakd wGuckd Rww f t hJ cg tbd;k u ulcRwf
ay;w,f/ NyD;awmh rD;zdkem;ac:oGm;w,f/ tbGm; abmppfu {nhfonf
ESpfa,mufudk auR;arG;zdkY oGufoGufuav; jyifqifaew,f/ axGaxG
xl ; xl ; awmh r[k w f b l ; aygh / ud w f u av;enf ; enf ; vwf q wf w J h
opfoD;wpfyef;uef? wdkYp&mt&Guf ysm;&nfeJY EdkYwpfu&m;ygyJ/
tbd;k eJY tbGm;u {nfo h nfEpS af ,mufukd *½kpu kd {f nhcf zH Ykd jyifqif
aecdkdufrSm {nfhonfESpfa,muf&JU xl;jcm;rIudkvnf; owdjyKrdMuw,f/ 'D
{nfo h nf ESpaf ,mufuawmh [d;dk wke;f u vmzl;wJh {nho f nfawGeYJ rwlb;l /
toufBuD;NyD; t&yfjrihfwJh {nhfonfu cefYacsmacsmw,f/ MoZmwduúr
&SdyHk&w,f/ tif; olYrsufESmu tawmhfudk cuffxefyHkyJ/
tbdk;eJY tbGm;txif odyfrSefw,f/ bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh tJ'D
{nhfonfu awmifapmif;atmufbufu vlawGudk odyfemusnf;aeqJrdkY
rsufEmS u cufxefaewm trSeyf aJ v/
usufoa&&SdwJh cyfi,fi,f{nfhonfujzihf tawmfhudk tHhMozdkY
aumif;w,f/ olYudk MunhfMunhfNyD; tbdk;eJY tbGm; MuufaoaooGm;
&wJhtxdyJ/ olYOD;xkyfeJY zdeyfrSm tawmifav;awGygaew,f/ vIyf&Sm;yHk
uvnf; odyu f jkd refqefveG ;f w,f/ olYvufxu J wkwu f vnf; pdw0f ifpm;
p&m/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; wkwfyJ/ 'DwkwfrSmvnf; tawmifav;ESpfzufeJY
wkwu f akd >rESpaf umifu &pfywfxm;w,fav/
wu,fawmh 'D{nfhonfESpfa,muf[m tdkvHypfawmifawmf&JU
ewfbk&m; *sLyDwmeJY ewfbk&m;&JU ajcjrefawmf rmusL&DyJ/ tbdk;eJY
tbGm;uawmh vH;k 0udrk &dyrf Md ubl;/xl;jcm;w,fqw kd mavmufyJ owdjyKrMd u
w,fav/
ewfb&k m;awGu awmifapmif;atmufbuf&mG udk a&mufz;l olawG&UJ
ajymoHqdkoHawGudk Mum;cJh&aygif; rsm;vSNyD/ ajymMuwmawG rSefrrSef od&
atmif rmusL&Dudk tazmftjzpfac:cJhNyD; tckvdk *sLyDwm a&mufvmwmyJ/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ckawmh ewfb&k m;awG oH,o0ifaep&mrvdak wmhb;l / olwYkdEpS Of ;D u
½kyfzsufNyD; awmifapmif;atmufbufu &Gmudk 0ifcJhNyD/ &Gmom;awG&JU
½dkif;½dkif;ysys qufqHvdkufMuwmudk udk,fwkdifcHcJhMu&NyD/
a[m? a[m'D tbd;k eJY tbGm;wdYkuawmh apmapmuawGUcJw h v
hJ al wGeYJ
qDeYJ a&/ odyMf uifemwwfMuw,f/ ulnaD pmifrvdpk w d f ,dzk w d af eMuw,f/
apwem xufoefMuw,f/
*sLyDwmu tbkd;eJYtbGm;wdkYudk aus;Zl;wHkYjyefzdkY pdwful;w,f/
*sLyDwmu tbGm; abmppfudk ajymw,f/
]tbGm;eJY tbdk;wdkYu b,fvdkvJAs/ touft&G,fawG tdkrif;
&ihfa&mfaeMuwmawmif aysmffaeMuqJ/ MunfEl;aeMuqJyJaemf/ tNrJwrf;
i,f&, G Ef yk sKad eMuovdyk gyJ}
tbGm;abmppfu ½dkd;½dk;av;yJ NyHK;NyD;jyefajymw,f/
]aysmw f muawmh ESv;kH om;xJu vmwJh tcspaf Mumihaf ygh om;&,f/
i,f&, G Ef yk sKdykH ay:aewmuawmh pdwcf srf;omvdYk aygh}
*sLyDwm odyu f kd b0ifcukd o f mG ;w,f/ 'gaMumihf tbd;k eJYtbGm;u
olYudk ai;pdkufNyD;Munhfaerdatmif zefwD;vkdufw,f/ b,fvdkzefwD;vdkuf
ygvdr/fh
tck EdkYu&m;xJrSm EdkYukefaeNyDav/ *sLyDwmu ]EdkYxyfay;ygOD;}vdkY
awmif;w,f/ 'DawmhtbGm;utm;emoGm;w,f/ pdwrf aumif;jzpfomG ;w,f/
]EdkYukefaeNyD om;&,f} vdkY rsuffESmav;iHkYajymvdkufw,f/ 'Dawmh *sLyDdwmu
]tbGm;? 'DrSm MunhfygOD;}vdkY ajymNyD; EdkYukefaewJhu&m;udk iSJYvdkufw,f/
EdkYawGtrsm;BuD;usvmw,f/ aomufvdkYudk rukefawmhbl;/
tbd;k zDvrD eG uf EdYkraomufcsiaf wmhvYkda&wpfcu G , f al omufjyefawmh
tifrwefaumif;wJh 0dik t f &ufawG jzpfaejyefw,f/
wpfNydKifwnf;rSmyef;uefxu J opfo;D awG tBuD;BuD;jzpfvmw,f/
odyu f v kd wS myJ/ 'DavmufBuD;NyD;vSwhJ opfo;D rsK;d tbd;k eJY tbGm; b,fwek ;f
urS rjrifz;l bl;/ udwrf ek Uf awGysm;&nfawGuvnf; tvQyH ,f/ bk&ihyf aJG wmfu
tpm;tpmxufawmif ydkt&om&Sdw,f xif&&JU/
'Dvkd 'Dvkd xl;qef; thrH cef;wJh rsujf rifjzpf&yfawGaMumihf tbd;k a&m
tbGm;yg *sLyDwmudk ai;pdu k Mf unhaf eMuw,f/ ai;pdu k Mf unhaf ewJh wpfcsdef
vH;k rSmvnf; 'gawG[m ½d;k ½d;k wef;wef; jzpf&yfawGr[kwb f ;l / arSmf 'grSr[kwf
wefcdk;&SifwpfOD;OD;&JU ya,m*ygaewm aocsmw,f/ wdkY {nfhonfESpf
a,muf[m vlomrmefawG r[kwfwef&m? ewfbk&m;awGrsm;vm;}
tawG;cufrawG jzmjzmxGuv f mayr,fh tbk;d eJYtbGm;u pyfpyfppk k
vkyrf wd t
hJ xdawmh r½dik ;f bl;av/ rodusKd;uRefjyKNyD; £ajE´rysufaevdu k Mf u
w,f/
tdycf sed af &mufawmh {nho
f nfEpS Of ;D udk olwYkdtyd &f mrSmodyNf yD; olwYkd
uawmh rD;zdkab;rSm tdyfMuw,f/
aemufwpfaeYreufrSm {nhfonfESpfOD;twGuf eHeufpm jyifqif
csufjyKwfzdkY tbdk;eJYtbGm; apmapmxMuw,f/
rmusL&DeYJ *sLyDwmwdYk[m 'DrmS MumMumraeEdik Mf ubl;/ c&D;qufMu&
OD;r,f/ 'gaMumihf jyefcgeD;rSm tdrf&Siftbdk;eJY tbGm;udk trSeftwdkif;
zGihfajymvdkufw,f/ zGihfajymaewJh tcsdeftwGif;rSm udk,fa&mifudk,f0gawG
xGef;vif;axmufyvmw,f/ 'Dawmh tbdk;eJY tbGm;aMumuffpdwf0ifvmNyD;
'll;axmufvdkufMuw,f/
'DawmhrS *sLyDwmu ESpfOD;pvHk;udk &yfapNyD; ]raMumufMuygeYJAsm?
tbkd;eJY tbGm;wdkYu uReffawmfwdkYudk apwemxm;NyD; auR;arG;cJhMuygNyD/
'DtwGuf aus;Zl;wHYk jyefyg&ap/ awmifapmif;atmufbufu vlawGuawmh
aus;Zl;wHkYjyefcsifp&m wpfpufuav;rS r&Sdbl;/ at;av olwdkYtm;vHk;
uvnf; {nhfonfawGudk aemuffb,ffawmhrS rawmfrw&m; jyKusihfEdkifMu
awmhrSm r[kwfygbl;/ apmifhomMunhfMuygAsm}
tbkd;eJY tbGm;u wHcg;udk zGihfMunhfvdkufMuw,f/ raeYutxd
&Sad eao;wJh &Gmae&mrSm euf½idI ;f vSwhJ a&tdik Bf uD;wpfcu k kd vSr;f jrif&w,f/
*sLyDwmu olYpum;udk jyefqufw,f/
]uJ uJ {nh0f wfauscMhJ uwJth wGuf qkay;vdv k yS gw,fAsm/ vd&k mqk
awmif;Muygawmh}
tpawmh tbk;d eYt J bGm;u bmqkawmif;&rSe;f rodMubl;/ aMumif
trf;trf;jzpfaeMuw,fav/ olwdkYu qif;&JMuayr,fh aysmfaeMuawmh
csrf;omatmif qkawmif;zdYk vnf; trSwrf &Mubl;/ qkawmif;cufaewmudk
&dyfrdawmh *sLyDwmu ]jznf;jznf;pOf;pm;ayghav} vdkY ajymvdkufawmhrSyJ
tbdk; zDvDrGefu ]usKyfwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;udk pdwf'ku©jzpfapwm wpfck&Sd
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ygw,f/ usKyfwYkdtck tdrk if;rpGr;f jzpfaeMuNyDav/ wpfaeYus cGMJ u&awmhr,f
usKyfwYkd rcGcJ sifMubl;/ 'Dvkd rcGcJ sifMuwm[m usKyfwYkd EpS af ,mufv;kH twGuf
pdw'f u k B© uD;ygyJ? trSet f wdik ;f 0efc&H &if tckvykd J ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm; qufaecsif
vSygw,f/ rae&vdkY aoMu&&ifvnf; wpfcsdefwnf; wpfNydKifwnf;
aocsifMuygw,f} vdkY ESpfOD;qEúdk xkwfazmfvdkufwJhtcg
]tbkd;eJY tbGm; qEúdk jznffhay;zdkY bmrS rcufygbl;av/ uJ
jynhaf pAsm;}
vQypf ;D wpfcsujf yufvu kd wf meJYtwl *sLyDwmeJY rmusL&D uG,af ysmuf
oGm;awmhw,f/ zDvDrGefeJY abmppf rsufpdzGihfMunhfvdkufw,f/ olwkYd
wJuav;u vSyoyf&yfwJh tdrfuav;wpfvHk;jzpfaeNyD/ aecsihfpzG,f
tcef;uav;awGeYJ tdrv f v
S u S av;aygh/ aemufNyD;aeomcsed rf mS xGux f ikd zf Ykd
O,smOfBuD;wpfc/k
zDvrD eG ef YJabmppf ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT f aexdik o
f mG ;Muw,f
wpfO;D eJYwpfO;D odycf spMf uvGe;f vdYk zDvrD eG &f UJ tjrifrmS abmppfu [dpk Ofwek ;f u
twdkif; EkysKdaew,f/ vSaew,f/ abmppf&JUtjrifrSmvnf; zDvDrGefu
acsmNrJacsmaew,f/ EkysKdNrJ EkysKdaew,f/
'Dvdk cHpm;aysmfyg;NyD; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aevmcJhwJhwpfaeYrSmawmh
olwdkYaozdkYaeYwpfaeY a&mufvmcJhw,f/ olwdkYawmif;wJhqkawG twdkif;yJ
ESpOf ;D wpfNydKifwnf; ao;qHck MJh uw,f/ 'DaeYrmS yJ olwYkd 0n d mOfukd ewfb&k m;
rsm;&JU ajcjrefawmf rmusL&Du at;&dyaf jrudk csucf si;f o,faqmifomG ;w,f/f
aemufyikd ;f tcsdet f awmfMumvmwJt h cg olwYkd aexdik o f mG ;wJh tdrf
vSvaS v;&JU ab;wpfzufwpfcsurf mS 0ufopfcsyifwpfyifeYJ oHy&myifuav;
wpfyifaygufvmw,f/ 'Dtyifav;ESpyf ifu opfo;D awG MuD;vmMuwJt h cg
wpfyifeJYwpfyif ,SufEG,foGm;Muw,f/ avjynfuav;rsm; aoG;vmNyD
qdk&if0ufopfcsyifuav;awGu ] zDvDrGefa&? usKyf tdkygNyD/ 'gayrJh
rif;udkawmh cspfaeqJyJyguG,f} vdkY ajymaeovm; xif&ovdk oHy&myif&JU
vIyfcwfoHuav;awGuvnf; ]abmppfa&/ ig tdkaeygNyDuG,f/ 'gayrJh
rif;udak wmh cspfaeqJygyJ}vdYk ajymaeovdyk gyJw/hJ
n
urÇ m wnf o a&G U ouf w rf ; &S n f r nh f r uf v H k ;

[d;k a&S;a&S;wke;f u touft½G,f tdrk if;&ifah &mfvjS yDjzpfwhJ olMuG,Bf uD;wpfO;D
&SdowJh/ wpfaeYawmh ol[m olYaemufqHk;&ufrsm; eD;uyfvmjyDqdkwm
awG;rdwt hJ wGuf om;awG;ac:jyD; tarGcaJG y;vdu k wf ,f/ 'gayrJh olxifxm;
ovdk raoqHk;bJ ESpftawmfMumatmif touf&SifaeowJh/ wu,fawmh
qufjyD; touf&Sif&wJh tJ'D aemufydkif;ESpfawG[m ol<u,ftdkMuD;tzdkY
pdwfrcsrf;ajrhp&m ESpfumvrsm;yJjzpfw,fav/ Z&m&Jh txktaxmif;cH&?
om;awG&Jh jiLpl&ufpufrI'Pfudkvnf; tvl;tvJcHae&wmudk;/
tif; om;awG[m tawmfudk ,kwfnHhMuygvm;/ aus;Zl;uef;jyD;
twÅveG u f v
J eG ;f vSyguvm;/[if;[dw
k ek ;f ursm;awmhvnf; jyKpv k ukd Mf uwm?
,k,vdkufMuwm/ olYxufig tjydKiftqdkifaygh/ tif;av tarGvdkcsifMu
wmudk;/ ckawmh olMuG,ftdkMuD;udk zkwfavwJhig;yd &Sdw,fawmifrxifMu
awmhbl;/ ypfxm; arhxm;vdkufMujyDav/ tif; tarG&MujyD;rSudk;/
om;awG[m b,favmufrsm; &ufpufMuovJq&kd if zciftMkd uD; ruse;f rrm
jzpfrSmvnf; awG;rylMubl;wJh/ raumif;wwffvdkYomaygh/ wu,fawmh
jrefjrefaooGm;av aumif;avrdYk jrefjrefaoygapvdYkawmif qkawmif;csiMf u
owJh/ raoao;oa&GU olwdkY 'ku©cHaeMu&rSmudk;/ aiGukefaMu;us
rsm;aeMu&rSmudk;/ odyfrdkufuef;vSwJh om;awGrdkY olwdkY pddwfoabmxm;
trSefudk zciftdkMuD;odoGm;atmif ajymifajymifwif;wif;yJ rMum;wMum;
ajymMuowJh/ 'Dawmh ol<u,ftdkMuD;crsm b,fhES,fvkyf pdwfcsrf;omEdkif
awmhrmS vJ/
tJwpfaeYawmho<l u,ftMkd uD;qD rdwaf qGwpfa,muftvnftywf
a&mufvmw,f/ 'Dtcg ol<u,ftdkMuD;u om;awGu jiLplyHk? &ufpufyHk?
ol pdwfrcsrf;romjzpf&yHk tdk olcHpm;ae&wJh 'ku©tzHkzHkudk &ifzGifhawmh
owJh/ 'Dawmh pdwfaumif;&SdwJh rdwfaqGu ol<u,ftdkMuD;udk odyfoem;
oGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh ]taqG ol<u,fMuD;? taqGcHpm;ae&wJh um,'ku©?
pdwÅ'ku©tm;vHk;u vGwfajrmufzdkYenf;vrf; uREfkyf &SmMunfhygOD;r,f}vkdY
ajzodrfhjyD; jyefoGm;owJh/ &uftawmfMumwJhtcg olMuG,ftdkMuD;rdwfaqG
jyefa&mufvmw,f/ oleYJ twl ausmufcJ ovJawG tjynfo h yd w
f nfx
h m;wJh
tdwfMuD;av;vHk;vnf; ygvmowJh/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]uJ taqGolMuG,fMuD;? uREfkyf uaeY taqGYqDvmwJhtaMumif;
taqGYom;awG odMurSmtrSeyf ?J vm&if;udpu ö kd ar;vm; jref;vm;vkyrf mS vnf;
aocsmw,f? wu,fvdkYrsm; olwdkYu uREfkyfajymovkd ar;Mu jref;Mur,f
qdk&if [dk ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu uREfkyf,lxm;wJh a<u;awGudk vmqyfwm?
'gaMumifh [dw
k ek ;f uxufawmif ydck sr;f omvmw,fvYkdom ajymvdu k af ya&mh?
tJ wpfckawmh rSmxm;yg&ap? 'DtdwfawGudkawmh taqG ol<u,fMuD;eJY
ruGJruGmxm;yg? taqGYom;awGvufxJ ra&mufygapeJY? uREkfyfajymwJh
twdkif;om taqG ol<u,fBuD; twdtus aqmif&Gufprf;yg? rMumcif
taqGUom;awG&JU jyKrlajymqdkyHk? taqGYtay: qufqHyHkawG wpfrlxl;jcm;
vmygvdrfhr,fAsm} vdkY ajymjyD; jyefoGm;w,f/
rdwfaqGajymoGm;wJhtwdkif;yJ aemufydkif;usawmh om;awGu

zciftdkMuD;em;uyfjyD; ar;MuowJh? pyfpkMuowJh/ ol<u,ftdkMuD;uvnf;
rdwfaqG rSmcJhovdk ajymjyxm;vdkufw,f/ 'Dawmh om;awG[m avmbaZm
wdu
k Mf uvmjyD; tarGr&cifwek ;f uxuf jyKpv k mMujyefa&mwJ/h ,k,, k ,
vnf; vkyfvmMujyefw,f/ pdwfcsrf;omatmifvnf; zefwD;Mujyefw,f/
'Dvdk jyKpk,k,cH&if;eJY aemufqHk;rSm olMuG,ftdkMuD; aoqHk;oGm;owJh/
tJ om;awG[m zciftdkMuD;vnf;qHk;a&m tdwfMuD;av;vHk;udk

tirf;r& zGifhMuawmhowJh/ tif; aiGawG xyf&csnfao;&JUqdkwJh tawG;eJY
ayghav/ 'gayrJh tawGUeJY tawG;u wjcm;pDjzpfoGm;owJh/ bmaMumifhvJ
qdkawmh tdwfawGxJrSm aiGawGr&SdbJ ausmufcJ ovJawGom &SdaewJh
twGuaf ygh/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
usL&G u f r suf c H k ;
[d;k a&S;tcgu ]csifv, D if} trnf&wdS hJ rde;f rysdKuav;wpfa,muf&cdS w hJ ,f/
olr[m usLudkif;uav;vdk usufoa&&SdjyD; ausmufpdrf;&kyfwkwpfckvdk
vSowJh/ 'gayrJh olr&JUtvStyudk zsufpD;xm;wJh wpfckawmh&Sdaew,f/
wjcm; r[kwfbl;/ rsufcHk;ay:u trm&Gwfuav;yJ/ 'Dtrm&GwfaMumifh
b,fbufrsufc;kH arG;u jywfaew,faygh/ i,fi,fwek ;f u&cJw h hJ 'Pf&mu
trm&GwfjzpfjyD; ckvdk rsufcHk;tvS ysufoGm;&wmaygh/
wpfaeYawmh i,f&G,fvSyjyD; csrf;om<u,f0wJh ]0lzef;} [m
iSufodkufuav;awGEIdufzdkY csifvD,if tdrfab;u opfyifwpfyifay:
wufoGm;w,f/ tay:a&mufvdkY jcHxJvSrf;MunhfvdkufwJhtcg O,smOfxJrSm
xdik jf yD; pufcsKyaf ewJh rde;f racsmuav;udk jrifvu kd &f w,f/ rde;f racsmuav;&JU
tjypftemtqmuif;wJh rsufcHk;u ol vSrf;Munfh&mbufrSm &SdaevdkY
jrifzl;orQ tvSawGxJrSmawmh 'Drdef;uav;[m tvSqHk;yJvdkY ol
xifvdkufw,f/ waphaphMunfhav cspfp&maumif;av? olr taMumif;
awG;av tcspfpdwfawG wzGm;zGm;ay:vmavrdkY olrtay: ol odyfudk
pGJvrf;aejyDqdkwm em;vnfoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh O,smOfxJrSm jrif&wJh
rde;f rysdKuav;eJY vufxyfEikd af tmif pDpOfay;ygawmhvYkd rdbESpyf g;udk
tJ'DnrSmyJ ylqmawmhw,f/
rdbawGuvnf; tdref ;D csi;f atmifo, G af wmfMuD;udak c:jyD;taMumif;
udpö ajymjyw,f/ csifvD,if tdrfudk atmifoG,fawmfMuD; tacgufacguf
tcgcgoGm;? vufaqmifawG tMudrMf udryf Ykd jyD;wJt h cgrSmawmh vufxyfyu JG kd
pDpOfEikd cf w
hJ ,f/ vufxyfyrJG usif;ycifrmS atmifo, G af wmfMuD;u 0lzef;udk
]rde;f rysKd uav;u awmf&mS ygw,f? ½kyv f vJ wS ,f? csr;f vJ csr;f om
w,f? 'gayrJh olYtvSrSm tjypfuav;wpfckawmh ruif;bl;? vufxyfyGJ
rusif;ycif tJ'D tjypfuav;udk rif; MudKodxm;zdkY vdkr,fxifwmyJ} vdkY
ajymw,f/
'Dawmh 0lzef;u ]olYudk uRefawmfawGjyD;ygjyDAsm? olYtvSudk
uRefawmf odygw,f} vdkY jyefajymjyD; atmifoG,fawmfMuD; ajymwmawGudk
bmrS qufem;raxmifawmhbl;/
'Dvekd YJ aemufq;kH rSm vufxyfr*FvmyGMJ uD; usi;f ywJah eY a&mufvmcJh
w,f/ 'DaeYrSm csifvD,if&JU tdrf0if;wpfckvHk; &yfa0;&yfeD;u ydkYMuwJh
vufzUJG ypön;f awG awmify&kH myHak ygh/
'gayrJh owdkYorD;uav;crsm raysmfEdkif&Smbl;/ tjypftemtqm
ruif;wJh rsucf ;kH wpfzufukd cspo f ul yxrqH;k tMudrf rxifrw S b f jJ rifomG ;&if
pdwq f ;kd oGm;r,ft h a&;? pdwyf suo f mG ;r,ft
h a&;awG awG;rdjyD; pd;k wxdwx f w d f
jzpfae&Smw,f/ tarMuD;uawmh ]atmifoG,fawmfMuD;u MudKajymxm;rSm
aocsmygw,f orD;&,f? rsufcHk;uav; jywfaeayr,fh orD;cspfolu
orD;udk jrwfEdk;rSmyg} vdkYtm;ay;w,f/ ESpfodrfhw,f/ 'geJYawmif owdkY
orD;uav;crsm b0ifrat;Edkif&Smao;bl; r*Fvmtcrf;tem; usif;y
aecdkufrSm rsufESmzHk;Zmatmufu rsufvHk;uav; yifhyifh jyD;tMunfh
{nfyh &dwo f wfawGMum;rSm jyHK;jyHK;½Ti½f iT f &,f&,farmarmjzpfaewJh cspfou l kd
jrifavwdik ;f &ifarmrdw,f/
r*Fvmtcrf;tem;jyD;qH;k vdYk {nfyh &dwo f wfawGjyefMuwJt h cg owdYk
orD;&JU rsufESmzHk;Zmudk owdkYom;u r wifay;zdkYtcsdef a&mufcJhw,f/
'DtcsdefrsdK;rSm rsufcHk;wpfzufrSm&SdwJh tjypftemtqmuav;udk ol jrif
oGm;jyD;tHhtm;oifh ai;idkifoGm;&if olYudkawmh b,fvkdrS tjypfwifjzpfrSm
r[kwyf gbl;/
xifxm;wJt h wdik ;f ygyJ? oem;p&maumif;vSwhJ rde;f rysKd uav;[m
cifyGef;onf odyftHhtm;oifhoGm;wmudk jrifvdkuf&w,f/ 'geJY
]uRefr&JUJ cspfvif&,f? uRefr&JU rvSry rsufc;kH wpfzuftaMumif;

atmifoG,fawmfMuD;u rajymxm;bl;vm;&Sif? tJ'g i,fi,fwkef;u&cJhwJh
'Pf&mav? i,fi,fwkef;u rdbawGeJYtwl &yfa0;u oli,fcsif;awGqD
uRerf oGm;vnfcyhJ gw,f? O,smOfMuD;xJrmS uRerf wdYkaeYwikd ;f upm;Muw,f?
wpfaeYawmh aumifav;wpfa,mufu cJeJYvSrf;aygufw,f/ wu,fawmh
aumifav;u uRerf temw&jzpfomG ;atmif r&nf&, G wf m trSeyf gyJ? 'gayrJh
uRefr ezl;udk vmrSefvdkY tck jrifwJhtwdkif; jzpfoGm;&w,fav?
b,fae&mrSmrS tjypftemtqmr&SdwJh cspfvifeJYtwl uRefr rvdkufEdkfifwJh
twGufawmh uRefr odyf0rf;enf;rdygw,f} vdkY ajymjyw,f/
'Dawmh 0lzef;u
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]tdktcspfuav;&,f?
'Dvakd wmhrajymvdu k yf geJY? 'gxuf cJeYJ
ypfvdkufwJh aumifav;emrnfu bmwJhvJ}
] uRefr rodawmhbl;? olvnf; uRefrvdk {nfhonfyJav}
]tif;odjyD odjyD? tcspw f Ykd oli,fcsi;f wpfou kd f upm;MuwJah e&m[m
yD;uif;jrdKUawmfu ]vDrdom;pk} &JU O,smOfMuD;xJrSmr[kwfvm;}
0lzef; u'Dvdk nifnifomomuav; ar;vdkufawmh csifvD,if
[m tHtm;oifhoGm;jyD;
][if b,fvkdvkyfodovJ}vdkY tavmwMuD; jyefar;w,f/
]b,fvdkvkyfodovJqdkawmh cJeJYaygufwJh tJ'Daumifav;[m
ud,k uf , kd wf ikd jf zpfaevdYkyg?ud, k rhf b
d awGuud, k yf pfvu kd w f chJ [J mO,smOfxrJ mS
upm;aeMuwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf&JU ezl;udk oGm;rSefvdkY ezl;uGJoGm;wJh
taMumif; cPcP ajymjyzl;w,fav? tif; ewfaumif;ewfjrwfawG
udk,fwdkifu udk,fwdkYESpfa,muf a&TvufwGJjzpfatmif zefwD;ay;wm
trSefyJ? 'grSvnf; udk,fhaMumifh&cJhwJh'Pf&m'PfcsuftwGuf udk,fu
jyefvnfjyKjyifay;Edik rf mS ud;k ? uJcak wmh ud, k b
f mvky&f r,fqw kd m em;vnfygjyD
tcspf&,f}
aemufyikd ;f rSm 0lzef;u taumif;qH;k rifeuf? tao;qH;k tEl;nhq H ;kH
pkwfwHudk&Smw,f/ 'DpkwfwH 'DrifeufeJY tem&Gwfay:rSm rsufcHk;arG;
topfqGJay;w,f/ ol qGJay;wJhrsufcHk;arG; ao;ao;oG,foG,fuav;/
oHk;&ufvoP²mef auG;auG;av;? usL½GufoP²mef rsufcHk;arG;topf
uav;wpfcu k kd qGaJ y;cJyh gowJ/h
cspo f El pS Of ;D wdYk aysmaf ysm½f iT ½f iT f aexdik cf MhJ uwJEh pS af ygif;rsm;pGmtwGi;f
0lzef;u olzefwD;cJhwJh tem&Gwfay:rSm reufwdkif;yJ usL&GufoP²mef
rsufc;kH arG; topfuav;wpfcu k kd qGaJ y;cJyh gowJ/h
n
zm;jyKyf r sm;eJ Y pd e f y G i f h r sm;

[d;k a&S;tcgu rkq;kd rMuD;wpfa,muf&w dS ,f/ olYrmS orD;ESpaf ,muf&o
dS wJ/h
orD;tMuD;u tarrkqdk;rMuD;eJY odyfwlw,fqdkyJ? ESpfa,mufwGJaewJhtcg
cGJvdkYawmif r&bl;wJh/ &kyfcsif;wl&Hkrubl; rmeMuD;yHk oabmqdk;yHk pdwfykyf
yHkawGyg wlowJh/ 'gaMumifh onfom;rdeJY b,fvdkvlrsdK;rS wm½Snf
raeEdkifbl;/orD;i,fuav;uawmh zatwluGJU/ zatvdkyJ ,Ofaus;
odrfarGYw,f/ azmfa&Gw,f/ oem;Muifemwwfw,f/
toGiwf rl MS unfjzLw,fqw kd t
hJ wdik ;f rkq;kd rMuD;u orD;tMuD;udyk J
cspfowJh/ ta&;vnf;odyfay;owJh / orD;i,fuav;udkawmh wtm;rkef;
wmaygh/ xrif;awmif twlrpm;bl;/ rD;zdkaqmifxJrSm auR;owJhuG,f/
'gwifrubl;? wpfaeukef tvkyMf urf;awG vkycf ikd ;f w,f? tdref YJwpfrikd af usmf
avmufu acsmif;udkoGm;jyD; a&cyfcdkif;w,f/ orD;i,fuav;[m wpfaeY
ESpaf cguf a&oGm;cyf&&Smw,f/
tif; wpfaeYrmS ayghu,
G /f
orD;i,fav;[ma&cyfzYkd acsmif;em;a&mufvmw,f/ onftcsderf mS yJ
olqif;&JrMuD;wpfa,muf a&mufvmjyD; orD;i,fav;qDrSm a&enf;enf;
awmif;owJh/ onfawmh orD;i,fav;u
][kwfuJh tar? &ygw,f}

vdkY ysLysLiSmiSm csdKcsdKomomajym&if; a&tdk;udk t&ifaq;vdkufw,f/
jyD;rS acsmif;a&Munfukd cyfwu kd w
f ,f/ olqif;&JrMuD; oufaomifo h ufom
aomufEdkifatmif a&tdk;udkawmif xdef;ay;xm;owJhuG,f/
a&w0aomufjyD;wJhtcg olqif;&JrMuD;u]rdef;uav;u odyfvS
wmyJ? oabmraemvnf;aumif;w,f? Muifemoem;wwfw,f? 'gaMumifh
taru rde;f uav;udk qkwpfcrk ay;bJraeEdik af wmhb;l }vdYk ajymjyw,fav/
wu,fawmh olqif;&JrMuD;[m ewforD;av;wJhuG,f/ tckvdk
olqif;&JrMuD;a,mif aqmifvmwmu orD;i,fuav;b,favmuftxd
Muifemoem;wwfw,f? ulnDwwfw,fqdkwmawGudk od&atmifvdkYaygh/
olqif;rMuD;u olYpum; jyefqufw,f/ b,fvdkvJqdkawmh
]a[m'Dqv k mbfut kd aray;vduk rf ,f? orD;ajymwJph um;wdik ;f eJYtwl
yef;wpfyiG hf odYkr[kwf tifrwefukd wefz;kd MuD;wJah usmufoyH wÅjrm;wpfv;kH vH;k
orD;tmcHwGif;u xGufusvmygap} wJh/
onfaeYrSmorD;i,fuav; tdrfjyefaemufusoGm;w,fav/ 'Dawmh
rkqdk;rMuD;u qlwmaygh/ usdef;wmaygh/ orD;i,fuav;uvnf;
]aemufus&wJhtwGuf orD; pdwfraumif;ygbl;} vdkY awmif;yefwm
ayghuG,f? onfvdk awmif;yefpum; ajymvdkufwmeJY orD;i,fuav;
tmcHwGif;u ywÅjrm;MuD;wpfvHk; xGufusvmawmhowJhuG,f/
rkqdk;rMuD;[morD;i,fuav;udkMunfhjyD;odyfudktHhMooGm;awmh
wmaygh/ olUudk,fol r,Hkovdkawmif jzpfoGm;owJhuG,f/
][Jh [Jh ig bmawGrsm; jrifvdkufrdygvdrfh? ykvJawG? pdefawG?
'Daumifryg;pyfuxGufusvmovm;} vdkY awG;jyD;
]orD; b,fvdkjzpfcJhwmvJ} vdkY ar;owJh/ tif; rkqdk;rMuD;u
orD;vdkY wyfajymwm 'DwpfMudrf yxrqHk;yJuG,f/
orD;i,fuav;[m ZmwfaMumif;udk trSeftwdkif; ½dk;½dk;om;om;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ajymjyvdu k wf ,fav/ ZmwfaMumif;jyefaepOf wpfcsed v f ;kH rSmvnf; tmcHwiG ;f
xJu pdefyGifhawG qufwkdufxGufusaew,f/
taMumif;pHkudkod&wJh rkqdk;rMuD;u
] tif; 'Dvukd ;kd ? [if; bm&rvJu,
G ?f orD;MuD;udyk J a&cyfcikd ;f &awmh
rSmaygh? uJ orD;MuD;? [dkaumifr pum;ajymwJhtcg yg;pyfxJu bmawG
xGufusvmw,fqdkwmawGY&JU r[kwfvm;/ orD;vJ 'DqkrsdK;&&ifraysmfay
bl;vm;? bmrS cufcufcJcJ yifyifyef;yef; r[kwfbl;? acsmif;xJrSm
a&oGm;cyf½HkyJ? tu,fí tbGm;tdkwpfa,mufa,mufu a&vmawmif;
aomuf&if aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f ,Of,Ofaus;aus; a&wdu k vf w
T v
f u kd ½f akH ygh}
onfawmhorD;MuD;u
]oGm;rSmyg? taruvJ} vdkY plaqmifhaqmifh vkyfaeao;owJhav?
'gaMumifh rkq;kd rMuD;updwrf csEikd jf zpfjyD;
]oGm;jzpfatmifoGm;? tckoGm;} vdkY wdkufwGef;vdkufjyefw,f/
orD;MuD;ujiLpljyD;aqmifMh uD;atmifMh uD;xGuo
f mG ;w,f/a&cyfxnfzh Ykd
aiGcsKdiw hf pfcsKdihf ,lomG ;w,fav/
acsmif;em; a&mufw,fqdk&ifyJ ol[m vSvSyy crf;crf;em;em;
qif,ifxm;wJh rdef;rysdKwpfa,mufudk jrifvdkufw,f/ onfrdef;rysdKu
wef;wef;rwfrwf olUqDudk avQmufvmaew,f/ tem;udka&mufawmh
a&enf;enf; awmif;aomufowJhuG,f/ trSefawmh onfrdef;rysdK[m
raeYuewforD;yJ jzpfw,f/ tck rif;orD;uav;a,mifaqmifvmwmu
orD;MuD; b,favmuftxd½dkif;ysw,f? ulnDvdkpdwf uif;w,fqdkwm
odEikd zf YkdtwGuyf /J
rdef;rysdKu orD;MuD;em;uyfcJhjyD; a&enf;enf;aomufyg&apvdkY
cGiahf wmif;w,f/
a&uav;awmif;½HkESifh orD;MuD;u
]aMomf ½SifhtwGuf a&vmcyfw,frsm; xifaeovm;? 'DaiGcsdKifh
[mvnf; &Sif a&aomufzYkdrsm; rSwaf eovm;? uJaomufcsi&f if aiGcsKd ifx h rJ mS
a&&Sdw,f? udk,fh[mudk,f ,laomuf} vdkY ½dkif;½dkif;ysys ajymvdkufw,f/
onfvdk tajymcH&ayr,fh rdef;rysdKuav;a,mifaqmifxm;wJh ewforD;
uav;u pdwfrqdk;bJ
]rif;u enf;enf;awmh,Ofaus;om;yJ? 'gayrJhwpfzufom;tvdk

udkawmh rvdkufwwfbl;? 'Dawmhrif;eJY wefwJhvufaqmifwpfckay;r,f?
rif;ajymwJph um;vH;k wdik ;f eYt
J wl ajrGwpfaumif? odYk r[kwzf m;jyKyfwpfaumif
rif;yg;pyfxJu xGufusygvmap}vdkY &GwfqdkvdkufowJh/
tdrfjyefvmwJh orD;MuD;ukd vSrf;jrifvkdufawmh rkqkd;rMuD;u

]b,fEh ,
S v
f J orD;MuD;} vkYd 0rf;yef;wom qD;ar;awmhwmaygh/ orD;MuD;u
]'Dvkd tara&} vkdY tpcsDvkdufwmeJY yg;pyfxJu a>rokH;aumif

zm;jyKyfo;Hk aumif xGuuf svmawmhowJ/h 'Dawmh rkq;dk rMuD; vefYatmfawmh
wmaygh/
]tr,fav; ig bmawG jrifvkduf&ygvdrfh/ [if; wefawmh?
[kdaumifr vufcsufyJjzpf&r,f? odMua&mayghuG,f? tdrfrSmrxm;bl;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ESicf sypfr,f} vkYd Mudr;f armif;&if; orD;i,fav;udk ½ku d zf YdkEuS zf Ydk a'gowMuD;
xGoGm;owJh/
orD;i,fuav; tdrrf mS rae0Hah wmhb;l av/ awmxJux kd u
G af jy;cJ&h
owJhuG,f/ jzpfcsifawmh orD;i,fav; awmxJa&mufcsdefrSm bk&ifh
om;awmfwpfyg;u awmupm;xGufjyD; jyeftvmeJY oGm;wkd;w,fav/
orD;i,fav;[m tifrwefukd vSyacsmarmwJhtwGuf bk&ifhom;awmfu
tem;uyfvmjyD; tusKd;taMumif; pkHprf;Munfhw,f/ 'Dtcg orD;i,f
uav;u
]tdru
f ESix f w k v
f udk v
f YdkawmxJa&mufvm&ygw,f t&Sirf if;om;}
vkdY ajymvkdufw,f? 'Dtajzpum;eJYwl ykvJvkH;uav;awG pdefyGifhawG
orD;i,fuav; tmcHwGif;xJu xGufusvmwJhtwGuf rif;om;av;[m
tifrwefpdwf0ifpm;vmjyD; taMumif;pkHxyfar;jyefw,f/ taMumif;pkH
odoGm;&wJhtcg rif;om;av;u orD;i,fuav;tay: Muifemoem;
vmw,f/arwåmouf0ifvmw,f/ b,fred ;f rrS 'DtrsK;d orD;uav;xufyjdk yD;
wefzkd;&dSvdrfhr,fvkdYvnf; rif;om;av; rxifawmhbl;av/ 'gaMumifh
orD;i,fuav;udk zcifMuD;&Jh eef;awmfac:oGm;w,f/ aemufawmh
rif;om;av;u orD;i,fuav;udk vufxyfvkdufowJhuG,f/
[kt d pfrMuD;twGuu f awmh&iS ;f aejyDav/ tusiq hf ;dk ?oabmxm;qk;d ?
tajymqkd;wmawGu wpfaeYwpfjcm; vGefvGefvmvkdY aemufqkH; tar
rkq;dk rMuD;uawmif onf;rcHEidk af wmhb;l / tdru f ESixf wk v f u dk &f awmhowJ/h
'Dawmh ol[m pdwfysuftm;i,fvmjyD; ac:,lauR;arG;r,fhol wpfOD;OD;udk
&Sm&jyDav/ 'gayrJh rawGUbl;aygh/ rawGUawmhh quf&Sm? quf&Sm&if;
aemufqkH;awmh awmpyfem;ta&mufrSm aoqkH;oGm;awmhowJhuG,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
aiG & S i f e J Y v,f o rm;
[kd a&S;tcgu v,form;wpfa,muf&dSowJh/ olUb0rSm aiGwkd;acs;pm;ol

wpfO;D &JU vufcsuaf Mumifh epfemqH;k ½H;I rIawG rsm;pGm&Scd &hJ ygowJ/h pyg;txGuf
aumif;aumif; raumif;aumif; 'Dv,form;[m qif;&JjrJqif;&Jvsuyf w J /hJ
odkYayr,fh aiGwdk; acs;pm;oluawmh csrf;omonfxuf csrf;omvmw,f/
rd;k av0orrSev f Ykd v,f,mvkyif ef; ysupf ;D oGm;wJv h rSmqd&k if v,form;rSm
jcL;wpfjym;rS r&SdwJhxd jzpf&w,f/ 'DtcgrsdK;rSm ol[m aiGwdk;acs;pm;
olqDoGm;jyD; ]ausmufwHk;u a&xGufatmifawmh cifAsm; wwfEdkifr,f
rxifbl;? ckvnf; usKyfqDu cif;Asm; bmrQ r&Edkifawmhbl;? 'Dawmh
cifAsm;u usKyfudk csrf;omjcif;&JU vQdKU0Sufcsufudk ajymjyoifhw,f xifwm
yJ} vdkY ajymowJh/
tif; aiGw;kd acs;pm;olbufu Munfjh yefawmh [kwaf eovdak yghav?
,lcJhwm? jzwfcJhwm? pm;cJhwm rsm;vSrSudk;? 'gaMumifh aiGwdk;acs;pm;olu
]rdwaf qG? csr;f omMuG,0f rItm;vH;k &rf;(rf) xHrJ S vmjcif;jzpfw,f? olUudo k m
ar;ygawmh} vdkY ajymjyvdkufw,f/
v,form;uvnf; ½d;k ½d;k ttqdak wmh ]aus;Zl;ygyJAsm? usKyf &rf;(rf)
udk rawGYawGYatmif ½SmjyD; ar;Munfhygr,f} vdkYajymjyD; aiGwdk;acs;pm;ol
xHyg;u xGufcGmoGm;awmhowJh/
uJ ckqdk v,form;[m c&D;xGufawmhr,f/ c&D;u b,favmuf
½SnfjyD; b,favmufMumr,f rod/ 'gaMumifh rodk;xrif;? rodk;[if;awG
jyKvkyf&w,f/ tm;vHk; jyKvkyfjyifqifjyD;umrS &rf;(rf) udkawGYzdkY c&D;pxGuf
awmhowJh/
olY &SmyHkawmfc&D;rSm yxrqHk;awG&wmu jA[®PwpfOD;yJ/
'DjA[®Pudk v,form;u rodk;xrif;? rodk;[if; tenf;i,fvSLvdkufjyD;
&rf;(rf)qD a&mufEdkifr,fhvrf;udk ñTefjyzdkYawmif;yefw,f/ 'gayrJh jA[®P
[m wpfceG ;f wpfyg'rQ rwHYkjyefbJ vSLorQukd vufcjH yD; c&D;qufomG ;owJ/h
v,form;vnf; MuH&mr&jzpfjyD; olYc&D; ol quf&jyefwmaygh/ 'DvdkeJY
wpfae&ma&mufvmawmh a,m*Dwpfa,mufeYJ awGYjyefa&m/ v,form;[m
a,m*Dudk rodk;xrif;? rodk;[if; tenf;i,fvSL'gef;jyD; &rf;(rf) taMumif;
ar;ayr,fh arQmfvifhp&m oJvGefp r&jyefbl;/ odkYayr,fh ol[m pdwf
rysuf tm;ri,fbJ c&D;qufcJhjyefw,f/
c&D;tawmfaygufvmwJhtcg opfyifwpfyifatmufrSm xdkifaewJh
olqif;&JwpfOD;udk awGYvdkufowJh/ v,form;u olqif;&JeJY acwÅpum;
ajymw,f/
tJ'v D kd pum;ajymMunfah wmhrS olqif;&J[m tvGeq f mavmifrw G o f yd f
aeaMumif; olo&d w,f/ 'geJY vufusepf m;p&mav;awGukd Muifemoem;pdwf
tjynfh? apwemtjynfheJY auR;arG;vdkufowJh/ jyD;rS v,form;u
tyef;ajzzdkY olqif;&Jab;rSm 0ifxdkifvdkufw,f/ tJ aemufydkif;awmh
olwdkYESpfOD; pum;vufqHk ajymrukefjzpfoGm;MuowJh/
]tif; 'gxuf cifAsm;u b,fudkoGm;rSmvJ}
ajymvufp pum;udkjzwfjyD; olqif;&Ju ar;vdkufw,f/
]tdk usKyfomG ;&r,fh c&D;u ody&f n S yf gw,fAsm? bmaMumifv h q
J akd wmh
usKyfu &rf;(rf)udk &Smaewmudk;? at;av? &rf;(rf)udkawGY atmif cifAsm;vJ
ulnDEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl;}
tJ'Dvdkv,form;u ajymvdkufawmh olqif;&Ju jyHK;vdkufowJh/
jyD;rS ]ñTejf yaumif; ñTejf yEdik yf gvdrrhf ,fAsm? bmaMumifvh qJ akd wmh uReaf wmf
udk,fwdkif[m &rf;(rf) jzpfaevdkYyJaygh? uJajymAsm? uRefawmfqDu cifAsm;
bmvdkcsifovJ} vdkY wpfqufwnf;ar;vdkufowJh/
v,form;[m ½kww f &uf 0rf;omtm;& jzpfomG w,f/ olqif;&Jukd
ZmwfaMumif;jyefjyw,f/ Zmwf&nfvnfomG ;wJt h cg olqif;&Ju v,form;
tay: oem;pdwf0ifvmw,f/ 'gaMumifh v,form;udk c½koif;wpfck
ay;vdkufw,f/ c½koif;rIwfenf;udkyg wpfcgwnf; oifjyvdkufw,f/
]odxm;zdkYuawmh cifAsm; wpfckckudk tvdk&SdcsdefrSm 'Dc½koif;udk
a[m'Dvdk rIwfzdkYyJaemf? tJ'DvdkomrIwfvdkuf&if cif;Asm;qE´jynfhrSmyJ? tJ
ckeu cifAsm;ajymwJh aiGw;kd acs;pm;oluakd wmh MuyfMuyfowdxm;&vdrYf r,f/
bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh 'DaumifawG&JU aumufuspfpOf;vJrIrsdK;udk arSmfynm
uawmif rumuG,fEdkifvdkYyJ cifAs}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
v,f o rm;[m 0rf ; omtm;&jzpf j yD ; &G m ud k jyef v mcJ h w ,f /

v,form;jyefa&mufvmwmeJY aiGw;kd acs;pm;ol[m v,form;&Jh ½kww f &uf
tajymif;tvJudk owdjyKrdowJh/
]tif; 'Dirdkufom;awmh yGaygufwpfckck wdk;vmyHk&w,f? acgif;u
axmifaxmif axmifaxmifeJU}vdkYvnf; awG;MunfhowJh? aemufydkif;awmh
ol[m ½d;k om;wJh v,form;tdrt f xdomG ;jyD; olYtaeeJY owif;pHMk um;jyD;jyD
jzpfaMumif;? pD;yGm;Opöm wdk;wufvmwJhtwGuf tvGeftrif; 0rf;ajrmuf
0rf;om jzpf&ygaMumif; taumufÓPfo;kH jyD; u&m;a&vTwaf jymawmhowJ/h
'Dawmh ½dk;om;wJh v,form;crsmvnf; c½koif;Zmwfvrf;udk ajymjyrd&uf
jzpfoGm;wmaygh? tJ c½koiff;rIwfenf;ukdawmh rajymrvdkufbl;wJh/
awmfao;w,fqdk&rSmaygh/ trSefawmh b,favmufyJ ½dk;t ½dk;t 'DvQdKY0Suf
csufMuD;udk xkwaf jym&avmufatmifawmh v,form;[m rrdu k rf ?J r½l;oGyf
ao;bl;vdYk ajym&rSmygyJ/
c½koif;taMumif; odpuwnf;u aiGwdk;acs;pm;ol[m c½koif;udk
jzpfwJhenf;eJYt&,lzdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpfav? ol[mvnf;
wpfzufol &dyfrdoGm;avmufatmifawmh rdkufrdkufrJrJrMuHbl;? 'Davmufxd
rdkufwGif;reufbl;/ ol[m wjcm;udpaö wGudk ab;csdwfjyD; tcgtcGGifhudkom
usdwfapmifhaeowJh/ tcGifhomtcgqdkufavrS c½koif;udk t&,lr,faygh/
wpfaeYrSm tcGifhomvmw,f? aiGwdk;acs;pm;olvufxJ c½koif;
a&mufvmw,f/ ody0f rf;omoGm;wmaygh/ 'gayrJh pdwyf supf &meJYJ csucf si;f wd;k
&jyefw,f/ rIwfMunfhawmh toHxGufrvmbl;/ olYcE¨mudk,fMuD; aygufuGJ
oGm;vkeD; trsdK;rsdK; MudK;pm;rIwfayr,fh tcsnf;ESD;yJwJh/ tusdK;r&SdwJhtvkyf
tjzpfeYJ pGeYf vwT v
f ukd af wmhrvdak wmifjzpfvmowJ/h 'gayrJh rIwvf Ykd &atmif
MudK;pm;csifpdwfu rukefao;bJjzpfaejyefw,f/ 'geJY ol[m v,form;qD
oGm;jyD; ]'DrSm rdwfaqG? cifAsm; c½koif;MuD; uRefawmf&xm;w,f? 'gayrJh
oHk;rjzpfygbl;Asm? at; cifAsm;rSmvnf; 'Dc½koif;MuD; r&SdawmhvdkY toHk;
rjyK Edkifwmvnf; &Sif;ygw,f}vdkY rsufESmajymifajymifeJY at;at;aq;aq;
ajymowJh/ 'gwifrubl; qufjyD;awmh]'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkYESpfa,muf
tay;t,l rrQoa&GU udpöjywfrSm r[kwfbl;? jywfatmif 'DvdkvkyfAsm?
cifAsm; oHk;csifovdk oHk;yg? uRefawmfb,fawmhrS raESmuf,Sufygbl;? tJ
jcGi;f csuwf pfcu
k awmh xm;&vdrrfh ,f? bmvJqakd wmh c½koif;aMumifh cifAsm;
taeeJY bmudkyJ&& cifAsm;&xm;wJhESpfq uRefawmf &&r,f}
][m 'guawmh b,fjzpfEdkifrvJAsm? [if; 'g[m cifAsm;oHk;aeus
enf;a[mif;MuD;yJav}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]tdk tdk cifAsm;xifovdk vHk;0 r[kwf&ygbl;Asm? cifAsm;taeeJY

a0pk & rS m yJ ? 'D r S m rd w f a qG ? rpm;&wJ h t rJ oJ y uf w J h u d e f ; rsd K ;awmh
rvkyfvdkufygeJYaemf? trSefqdk&if cifAsm; tvdk&Sdwmtm;vHk; &EdkifrSawmh
uReaf wmfcsr;f omom qif;&J&J cifAsm; rIp&m r[kwyf gbl;? r[kwb f ;l vm;Asm}
aemufqHk;awmh aiGwdk;acs;pm;ol aumif;pm;rSmudk rvdkvm; r½Ipdrfh
ayr,fh v,form;crsm oabmrwlcsifbJ wlvdkuf&w,f/ tJ'Daemufydkif;
awmh c½koif;wefcdk;eJY ol bmyJ&&? aiGwdk;acs;pm;oluawmh ESpfq&oGm;jrJ
jzpfygowJ/h
udk,fu wpfck&wdkif;olu ESpfck tjrJ&&aeawmh v,form;[m
pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfvmw,f/ 'DtxJ tvGefyljyif;ajcmufaoGYwJh &moDrsdK;eJY
wdk;jyefawmh pyg;awG ñdI;a&mf ysufpD;oGm;jyefyga&m/ v,form;[m
usefpyg;yifawGukd a&avmif;zdYk &nf½, G cf sufeYJ a&wGi;f wpfwiG ;f wrf;wjyD;
c&koif;udk rIwfvdkufw,f/ a[mMunfhprf;? csufcsif;yJ a&wGif;wpfwGif;
ay:vmw,f/ 'gayrJh [dk aiGwdk;acs;pm;olbuf vSrf;Munfhvdkufawmh
ESpfwGif;/ tvGefudkvSywJh a&wGif;ESpfwGif;/ b,fol[m 'DtjzpfrsdK;udk
ausauseyfeyfMuD; vufcEH ikd rf vJ/ rcHEikd b f ;l / rdwaf qG v,form;MuD;vnf;
rcHEdkifbl;aygh/ awG;awG;jyD; tonf;em&w,faygh/ tJ aemufqHk;awmh
v,form;acgif;xJ tifrwefaumif;wJh tMuHwpfck zswfceJ 0ifvmowJh/
ol[m c½koif;udk qwfceJ aumufudkifvdkufjyD;
]tdk &rf;(rf) uREfyk f rsufv;kH wpfzuf uef;csifygonf}vdYk us,fus,f
avmifavmif atmf[pfjyD;rS c½koif;udk tm;ukefrIwfypfvdkufw,f/
w'*FtwGif; olrsufvHk;wpfzuf uG,foGm;ygava&m/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm
aiGwdk;acs;pm;ol&JU rsufvHk;ESpfzufvnf; uG,foGm;yga&mwJh/
aiGwdk;acs;pm;ol[m olYa&wGif;ESpfwGif;Mum; prf;w0g;0g; vrf;&Sm
oGm;ae&if;u a&wGi;f wpfwiG ;f xJusjyD; a&epfaoqH;k oGm;owJ/h
uJ 'Djzpf&yfrSefyHkjyifu bmrsm; ajymjyygovJ/ ½dk;twJh qif;&Jom;
rSeforQ rsufvHk;vdk toHk;0ifwefzdk;MuD;vSwJh wpfckck tqHk;½IH; cHvdkufrSyJ
aiG&SifaMu;&Siftay: wpfMudrfom tompD;&Edkifw,fqdkwJh tcsufyJ
r[kwfvm;/
n
ol & d e f e ef ; u nD r ES p f a zmf
aumif;uifxJrSm ewfom;awG? ewforD;awG &Sdaeao;wJh [dk wpfcsdef

wke;f uaygh/
ewfrif;om;av;wpfyg;[m ]ol&def} trnf&SdwJh pHtdrfMuD;xJrSm
aeaeowJh/ 'Dewfrif;om;uav;&JU tjrTmnDtpfruawmh ]pE´m} trnf
&Sw
d hJ pHtrd if ,fuav;rSm aeaeMuw,f/ ewfrif;om;uav;[m tifrwefukd
acsmarmw,f/t`rTmnDtpfruvnf; ½d;k ½d;k av;eJY odycf sppf &maumif;w,fw/hJ
wpfcgjrifvdkufwmeJY tjrJMunfhcsifaewJh ½kyfqif;ydkif&Sifuav; awGyJaygh/
tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u uAsmq&mawGqdk&if pE´m pHtdrfudk wpfnvHk;ai;Munfh
MujyD; wpfaeYv;kH tdyMf uowJ/h olwYkd &ifxrJ mS a&;p&mawG?uAsmzGUJ p&mawG
b,favmuf&adS eae uAsmra&;jzpfMubl;/
tjrTmnDtpfr[musuof a&&S&d dS vSMu&Hrk ubl;? Zmxd;k yef;xd;k vnf;
odyfuRrf;usifMuowJh? nDtpfr ESpfa,mufpvHk;[m vSywJh0wfpHkawGudk
Zmyef;tvS tjrJwrf;jc,foaewwfMuw,f/ nnrsm;rSmqdk&if olwdkY
xdk;xm;wJh Zmyef;awG[m Mu,fwpfoef; vif;vufaeovdk ta&mifawG
NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf jzpfaew,f/ 0if;yaew,f/ olwdkYnDtpfr[m wu,hfudk
vufajrmufMuw,f/ 'gaMumihf wjznf;jznf; owif;BuD;vmw,f/
ausmfMum;vmw,f/ trsm;wum EIwfzsm;rSm olwdkYemrnfuav;awG
oD;aew,f/ tpydkif;rSmawmh olwdkYnDtpfr&JU tvSudk wpfnvHk; rtdyfbJ
ai;armMunhfMuolawG[m uAsmq&mi,fav;awGavmufyJ? aemufawmh
tdrf&SifrawG trsKd;orD;BuD;awGyg nDtpfrESpfa,muf&JU Zmxdk;yef;xdk;
uRrf;usifyHkeJU Zmyef;tvSawGudk ntcgrSm apmihfMunhfvmMuw,f/
rMumcifbkef;awmfBuD;awGuvnf; MunfvifwJhnrsm;rSm bk&m;ausmif;
acgifrdk;ay:wufNyD; MunhfMujyefw,f/ awG;ac:&SifBuD;awG ynm&SifawG
uvnf;ausmif;trdk;ay: wufai;Mu? awG;Muaygh/ ausmif;om;awG
vli,fawG qdw k muawmh aumif;aumif;jrifEidk af tmif nnus&if awmifxyd f
awGay: tajy;tvTm; tvkt,uf wufMuw,f/
tjrTmnDtpfrudk rdcifBuD;u *½kwpdu k uf yG uf x
J ed ;f odr;f vmcJw
h ,f/
rdef;rysKduav;awG vlwum&JU tMunhfcHae&wm odyfraumif;vSbl;vdkY
rdcifBuD;u rMum rMum ajymjywwfw,f/ 'gaMumihv f nf; om,mMunfvif
wJh nrsm;rSm vlawG axmifaomif;ru xGufMunhf&if olwdkYnDtpfr
raysmrf &Tif jzpfMuw,f/ txl;ojzihf olwYkdnt D pfrMum;Edik af tmif oef;acgif
csdefrSm oDcsif;awGqdkMu? atmf[pfMu&if olwdkY pdwftnpfqHk;yJ/ Mumawmh
tpfru
]nDrav;a&? wdkY 'D pE´mpHtdrfrSm aevdkYrjzpfawmhbl; xifw,f
uG,f}vdkY wkdifyifovdk ajymvmMuawmhw,f/
'Dawmh nDrav;u
][kww f ,f tpfr? aevdYkjzpfawmhr,f rxifb;l ? 'gayr,hf uRerf wdYk
nDtpfr b,fudkoGm;aeEdkifrSmvJ tpfr&,f} vdkY pdwfysuftm;avsmh[efeJY
jyefajymw,f/
'Dtcg tpfru
]ol&ef pHtdrfBuD;xJrSmaewJh tpfudkeJY ae&mcsif;vJzdkY tpfrawmh
pdwful;xm;wmyJ} vdkY qdkawmh nDru rqdkif;rwG oabmwlw,f/
'gaMumihf aemufaeYrmS 0wfaumif;pm;vSawG qifjref;NyD;tpfuBkd uD;&JU
awmufawmufyy? 0if;0if;vufvuf pHtdrfBuD;qD aumif;uifudkjzwf
c&D;xGuv f mcJMh uw,f/
nDrawGa&mufvmawmh tpfuu kd odyf 0rf;omomw,f/ 'gayr,fh
nnrsm;rSm vlaxmifaomif;&JUtMunhcf &H wJt h aMumif; ajymjyvdu k w
f thJ cg
rSmawmh tpfudkBuD;u pdwfraumif;jzpf&&Smw,f/ ]'guawmh raumif;vS
bl;uG,f}vdkYvnf; nnf;wGm;&if; acgif;w,rf;,rf; jzpfae&SmowJh/
'Dawmh nDrawGu vm&if;udpu ö dk zGihfajymw,f/
nDrawG tpDtpOfukd
od&wJt h cg
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]nDrwdkY tpDtpOftwdkif; tpfudk aqmif&Gufay;csifygw,fuG,f?

'gayr,fh nDrwdYk pOf;pm;Munhpf rf;? tckvkd pE´mpHtrd if ,fuav;xJrmS aeae
wmawmif nnus&if vlaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmu ai;armMunhfMuw,f
qdwk ahJ emuf tpfu&kd UJ ol&ed pf tH rd Bf uD;xJ a&TUvmMuwJt h cg ydq k ;kd awmhrmS aygh?
vloef;aygif;rsm;pGmb,favmufursm;MunfMh urvJ?nDrwdYkpOf;pm;Munhu f ,
G }f
vdkY csdefcsdefqq ajymjyw,f/
]'Dtcsuu f kd nDrwdYkpOf;pm;rdMuygw,f? 'gaMumihv f J ydNk yD;wnfwnf
MunfMunf ydNk yD; £aNE´&&dS dS aevkYd jzpfEikd rf ,fh enf;vrf;udk nDrwdYk &Smxm;NyD;
jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh nDrwdkYajymovdk ajymif;aeay;ygvm; tpfudk&,f} vdkY
awmif;awmif;yefyefajymawmh tpfuu kd Muifemoem;wwfol jzpfwt hJ wdik ;f
oabmwlvufcHvdkufw,f/
nDtpfrESpaf ,muf[m 0rf;yef;womeJY pE´m pHtrd if ,fukd tjrefjyef?
vSywJh Zmyef;? yd;k p? tyfcsnaf wGeYJ 0if;vufaewJh Zmxd;k yef;xd;k tyftacsmif;
ckepfq,fudk xkyfydk;Muw,f/ aeuscsdefavmuffrSm tpfudkBuD;&JU ol&def
pHtrd Bf uD;udk jyefa&mufvmcJMh uw,f/
tJ'DnrSmawmh tdrfacgifrdk;awGay: awmifxdyfawGay: wufcJhMu
olawG odyfpdwf"mwfusoGm;w,f/ O,smOfawGxJrSm v,fuGif;awGxJrSm
apmihMf unhaf eMuwJh trsK;d orD;awG 0rf;omtm;& jzpfMu&owJ/h bmaMumifv h J
qdak wmh pE´m tdrif ,fxrJ mS acsmarmwJh a,musfm;wpfO;D udk jrifMu&vdYk aygh/
aemufaeYreufaexGuw f t hJ cg ol&ed pf t
H rd Bf uD;rSmnDtpfrESpaf ,muf
ajymif;a&TUaexdik w f hJ owif; NrdKUawGrmS ysUH ESYHomG ;w,f/ 'Dawmha,musmf ;awGu
jywif;aygufawGuae vSrf;MunhfMuw,f/ O,smOfxJajy;qif;NyD; Munfh
Muw,f/
nDtpfrESpfa,muf&SmazGcJhwJh enf;vrf;opfu tawmfuav;
xda&mufw,f/ bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh ol&defpHtdrfBuD; armhMunhfolawG&JU
rsuv f ;kH awG[m wpfcck ek YJ txd;k cH&ovd?k wpfcck k pl;ovdv k kd cHpm;Mu&vdYkaygh/
wcsKdUu 'DvdkcHpm;&wm[m ol&defpHtdrfBuD;u jzmusvmwJh jyif;xefwJh
a&mifjcnfawGaMumihv f Ykd qdw
k ,f/ 'gayr,hf wcsKUd uawmh armhMunfo h al wG&UJ
rsufv;kH udk nDtpfru olwYkd &UJ Zmxd;k tyf? yef;xd;k tyf tacsmif;ckepfq,feYJ
xdk;vdkvdkY ajymaeMuwmyJ/ n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tjypf&SdacG;rsm;
wpfaeY bk&ifwpfyg;[m jrif;jzL ajcmufaumifqGJwJh &xm;eJY aejynfawmf

twGif; vSnhfvnf½Ipm;awmfrlw,f/ bk&ifhjrif;&xm;BuD;u tifrwefYudk
vSycefYnm;w,f/ vSnhfvnf½Ipm;csdef tawmhfudk Mumanmif;oGm;vdkY
ncsrf;csdefcg a&mufvmawmhrS a&Teef;awmfBuD;udk jyefa&mufvmcJhw,f/
eef;awmfjyefa&mufwmeJY &xm;xdef;u jrif;jzLBuD; ajcmufaumifudk
jrif;aZmif;xJoiG ;f vdu
k wf ,f/ uBudK;wefqmwef;vef;eJY jrif;&xm;udak wmh
eef;awmf0if;twGif;rSmyJ xm;cJhw,f/
tJ'n D eef;awmfoel ef;awmfom;awGtm;vH;k tdyaf rmusaeMucsed rf mS
rdkonf;onf;rnf;rnf; &Gmcsw,f/
]aumif;w,f? pm;&uHBuHKNyD rdwfaqGwdkY}
rdk;a&aMumihf om;a&uBudK;awG El;yGaewmudk eef;wGif;acG;awGu
MunhfNyD; tcsif;csif;ajymaeMuw,f/ ajymNyD;wmeJY acG;awG[m ajczGNyD;
eef;awmf0if;xJqif;vmcJhMuw,f/ jrif;&xm;BuD;em;a&mufvmMuwJhtcg
tifrwefvSywJh om;a& uBudK;wefqmawGudk udkufMu? cJMu? 0g;Mu?
rsKdMuwaysmfwyg; tm;yg;w&aygh/ wpfnvHk;vdkvdk t0twif;pm;MuNyD;
t½kPfusif;cgeD;rSyJ eef;awmfxJ wdwfwqdwf jyef0ifoGm;Muw,f/
aemufaeYreuf jrif;xde;f awG eef;awmfxx J u G t
f vmrSm eef;wGi;f
acG;awG vufcsuef YJ ½kyyf suq
f if;ysujf zpfaewJh om;a&u BudK;awGukd jrifvu kd f
Mu&w,f/
][,f Munhfprf;? Munhfprf;? bk&ihfjrif;&xm;u uBudK;wefqm
awGudk pm;ypfvdkufMuNyD? 'ku©yJ/ tm;vHk;ysufpD;ukefygNyD} vdkY ajym&if;
&ifwkefyef;wkef jzpfvmMuw,f/ 'Dudpö bk&ifhudk oHawmfOD;rwifvdkYvnf;
rjzpfbl;? 'Dawmh [,f rwwfEdkifbl;? vmr,fhab;ajy;awGU qdkovdk
oGm;wifavQmuf&rSmyJ/
]t&Sifrif;BuD; t&Sifrif;BuD;&JU jrif;&xm;u om;a&uBudK;
wefqmawG ysufp;D ukeyf gNyD? acG;awG&UJ peufyjJ zpfEikd yf gw,f t&Sirf if;BuD;?
raeYnu rdk;onf;onf;rnf;rnf; &Gmcsvdkufawmh om;a&uBudK;awG
El;yGaerSm trSefyg/ acG;awG tBudKufjzpfygonf t&Sifrif;BuD;}
avQmufwifoMH um;vdu k &f ifyJ bk&if[m a&Tpw d af wmfnKd tvkrd us
jzpfNyD;
]acG;awGtm;vH;k udo k wfypfvu dk Mf u? aejynfawmftwGi;f jrifjriforQ
acG;wdik ;f udk csr;f omray;MueJY? owfypfMu} vdYk csucf si;f trdeYfxw k v f u dk wf ,f?
bk&ift h rdeYfawmfukd aejynfawmftwGi;f rDw S if;aexdik Mf uwJah cG;aygif;
ckepf&mu csufcsif; Mum;odvkdufMuw,f/ rMumrwif tcsdeftwGif;rSm
towfcHMu&awmhr,fhta&; awG;rdMuNyD; 0rf;enf; ylaqG;Mu&w,f/
idyk q
JG ifMu&w,f/ wpfcsdew f nf;rSm olwYkd ukd u,fwifEikd rf ,fo h u l kd pOf;pm;
Muw,f/ aMomf wdYkrmS tBuD;tuJ&w dS myJ/ wdYk tBuD;tuJ[m wdYkuckd spw f ,f/
tNrJtumtuG,fay;w,f/ apmihfa&Smufw,f/ wdkY tBuD;tuJudk rawGU
awGUatmif &SmrSjzpfawmhr,f/
acG;aygif; ckepf&m[m 'DtawG;eJY pDwef; xGufvmcJhMuw,f/
wpfae&ma&mufawmh acG;tBuD;tuJeUJ awGUw,f/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; pk½;kH wef;pD
a&mufvmMuwmrdkY acG;tBuD;tuJu p ar;vdkufw,f/
]uaeY b,ftwGuf oifwYkd pk½;kH rdMuovJ? oifwYkd ukd Munh&f wm
vnf; pdwftm;i,f aMumuf&GUHaeMuwJhyHk ay:vGifaew,f/ bmaMumihf
oifwYkd ,ckvkd pdwaf 0'emcHpm;aeMu&wmvJ/
]uREykf w f Ykdtay:tEÅ&m,fq;kd BuD; usa&mufaeygNyD eef;awmf0if;xJrmS
vGefcJhwJhnu &yfxm;wJh bk&ifhjrif;&xm;u om;a&uBudK;wefqmawG
zsufqD;cHvdkuf&ygw,f/ tckqdk&if bk&ifu uREfkyfwdkY acG;tm;vHk;udk
owfypf&r,fvYkd trdeYf xw k vf u
dk yf gNyD}
acG;awG&iS ;f jywJph um;awGxrJ mS acG;tBuD;tuJtzdYk pOf;pm;p&mawG
trsm;BuD;&Sad eNyD/
]tif; aejynfawmfwGif;rSmaeMuwJh acG;awGuawmh eef;awmfxJ
0ifzkdY vHk;0rjzpfEdkifbl;?'Dvdkqdk&if eef;wGif;acG;awGuvGJNyD; b,facG;u
'Dom;a&uBudK;wefqmawGukd zswq f ;D Edik rf mS vJ? tckxw k jf yefvu kd w f hJ trdeYf
twdik ;f qd&k if tjypf&w dS ahJ cG;awGu vGwNf idr;f csr;f om;cGifh cHpm;&NyD; tjypfr&Sw d hJ
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
acG;awGu okwfoifowfjzwfcH&awmhr,f tajcpdkufaew,f/ 'Dtwdkif;

aevdkYrjzpfacsbl; aejynfawmfwGif; rDSwif;aexdkifMuwJh acG;taygif;
toufcsrf;om&m&atmif ig eef;awmfxJ0ifr,f/ trSefwu,f tjypf
usL;vGefcJhwJh acG;awGudk azmfxkwfr,f}
&JprG ;f owdeÅ YJjynfph w
kH hJ acG;tBuD;tuJ[m acG;aygif;ckepf&mudt k m;ay;
ESpfodrfhcJhNyD; wpfaumifwnf; aejynfawmfvrf;rawGudk jzwfavQmufvmcJh
w,f/ acG;BuD; ajcwpfvSrf; vSrf;wdkif; olYudkowfzkYdvlawGu tqifoihf
jzpfaeMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh acG;tBuD;tuJ&JU rsufvHk;tpHkrSm &efrvdkpdwf?
u½kPmpdwf ,dkzdwfaewm txift&Sm;rdkY owfzdkYaeaeomom xdzdkYawmif
r&GUHr&JjzpfaeMuw,f/ 'gaMumihfvnf; eef;awmfem; taESmihft,Suf
uif;uif;eJYa&mufvmEdkifcJhw,f/ eef;awmfxJ0ifzdkY twGufusawmhvnf;
acG;BuD;tzdYkoyd cf ufcufccJ rJ &Sv d b S ;l ? wHcg;rI;BuD;uvnf; acG;BuD;&JU tifrwef
xl;jcm;wJh oGifjyifvu©PmawGaMumihf eef;awmfxJ0ifcGihf ydwfyif&rSm
r&GUHr&Jjzpfaew,f/ tHtm;vnf;oihf? a0cGJvdkYvnf; r&eJYaemufqHk;
0ifcGihfjyKrdvdkufw,f/ 'DvdkeJY acG;tBuD;tuJ[m eef;awmfwGif;u w&m;½kH;
awmfxJ a&mufcw hJ ,f/ 'Dtcsed rf mS bk&ifu &mZyv’ix f ufrmS xdik af ew,f/
eef;wGif;ol eef;wGif;om;awGu bk&ifhem;rSm toihftaetxm;eJY
&yfaeMuw,f/ acG;BuD;0ifvmwm jrifawGUMuayr,fh acG;BuD;&JU av;pm;zG,f
arwåm&dy?f u½kPmaiGUawGUaMumihf w&m;½H;k awmfwiG ;f &Sd vltm;vH;k EIwq f wd f
NidrfoufoGm;Muw,f/
bk&ifha&SUarSmuf a&mufaeNyDjzpfayr,fh acG;BuD;u tvsifpvdk
pum;rqdkbl;/ tawmfav;MumawmhrS
]BuD;jrwfvSaom Am&mPoDjynf&Sif bk&ifrif;jrwf? aejynfawmf
wGif;&Sd acG;taygif;udk owfapqdkwm t&Sifrif;BuD; xkwfjyefvdkufwJh
trdefYawmfjrwf [kwfygovm;} vdkY pwifar;avQmufw,f/
][kwfw,f? usKyf&JU trdefYawmfjrwfyJ}
]bk&ifrif;jrwf? aejynfawmfwGif;&Sd acG;rsm;u tb,fodkYaom
&efjyKrIukd zefw;D cJyh govJ}
]usKyf&JU jrif;&xm;u om;a&uBudK;wefqmawGudk zsufqD;ypfcJh
Muw,f}
]b,facG;rsm;u zsufqD;ypfMuygovJ t&Sifrif;BuD;}
]usKyf rodyg? xdYkaMumihf jrifjriforQ acG;rsm;udk owfap trdeYfawmf
xkwjf cif;jzpfw,f}
]aumif;vSayNyD? odYk aomf uREfyk f wpfcok vd ydk gonf/ aejynfawmf
wGif;&Sd acG;tm;vHk;udk owfypf&rSmvm;? odkYwnf;r[kwf acG;tcsKdUudk
vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihf ay;xm;ygovm;}}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]eef;awmfwiG ;f u acG;rsm;udk usKyv f wG Nf idr;f csr;f omcGiafh y;xm;w,f}

]t&Sifrif;jrwf? odkYjzpfvQif t&Sifrif;jrwf\ trdefYawmfonf
rSeu f efoihjf rwfygoavm? w&m;rQwrI &Syd goavm? t&Sirf if;jrwftaeESifh
tb,faMumihef ef;wGi;f acG;awG tjypfro hJ nf[ak jymEdik yf govJ? rnfoYdk vQif
aejynfawmftwGi;f &Sd acG;rsm; tjypf&o dS nf[ f k ajymEdik yf govJ? ,cktwkid ;f om
qdv k Qif t&Sirf if;jrwf\ rsufEmS omay;cH&aom acG;rsm; toufcsrf;om&m
&MuNyD; t&Sifrif;jrwf todtrSwfrjyKaom acG;rsm;tm;vHk; towfcH&
ygawmhrnf? tdk t&Sifrif;jrwf oihf w&m;rQwrIum; todkYenf;/ oihf
w&m;rQwrIum; tb,frSmenf;}
bk&if cPwmawGNyD; pOf;pm;aew,f/ NyD;awmh acG;rsm;&JU
tBuD;tuJudk qufpum;ajymw,f/
]tdk acG;taygif;wdYk&UJ ocifynm&Sit f BuD;tuJBuD;? ,if;odYkjzpfvsif
b,facG;wGrmS tjypf&adS Mumif; ajymjyygawmh}
]eef;awmfwiG ;f ueef;wGi;f acG;awGrmS om tjypf&w dS ,f t&Sirf if;jrwf}
]oihf pGyfpGJcsuf rSefuefaMumif; oufaojyygavmh}
]jyygrnf eef;wGi;f acG;awGtm;vH;k udk þcef;rBuD;xJ ac:oGi;f chzJ Ykd
trdefYawmfrSwfyg? acG;awGa&mufvmwmeYJ ]uko} jrufeJY axmywfa&mNyD;
auR;yg}
acG;rsm;&JU tBuD;tuJajymwJhtwdkif; bk&ifucsufcsif;aqmif&Guf
apw,f/ eef;wGif;acG;awGudk ]uko} jrufeJY axmywfa&mauR;NyD; rMum
cifrmS acG;awG tefMuw,f/ tefzwfawGxrJ mS om;a&zwfawG ygvmw,f/
'DawmhrS bk&if[m &mZyv’ix f ufu tomxvdu k Nf yD; ]oifph um;
rSefvSygayonf/ oihfpum;onf aumif;uifxufrS usvmaom rdk;puf
rd;k yGirhf sm;uhoJ Ykd vnf; jzLpifoefY&iS ;f vSygayonf/ usKyf touf&iS af eoa&GU
umvywfvHk; toihfudk arhaysmufEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfyg/
wpfqufwnf;rSmyJ aejynfawmfwGif;&Sd acG;taygif;udk aeYpOf
aeYwikd ;f aumif;rGew f thJ pm;tpmrsm; auR;Mu&r,f? acG;taygif;&JU tEÅ&m,f
toG,foG,fudk a&Teef;awmfBuD;u xm0pOf *½kpdkuftumtuG,fay;oGm;
r,fhvdkY rdefYrSmawmfrlvdkufw,f/ 'DtrdefY 'DtrSmpum;aMumihf aejynfawmf
wpf0rS ;f &Sd acG;taygif; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfMu&w,f/
n
owif ; vuf a qmif
bdck g;&mjrdKUu ukeo f nfMuD;wpfO;D [m wpfaeYawmh tdE, ´d Edik if u H kd c&D;xGuzf Ykd

MuHKvmw,f/ c&D;rxGufcif ] tjyefrSm bmvufaqmifawG,lcJh&rvJ} vdkY
olu tdro f m;awGukd ar;owJ/h 'Dad wmh tdro f m;awGu wpfa,mufwpfrsdK;
rSmMuwmaygh/ ukeo f nfMuD;uvnf; rSmwmawG ,lcrhJ ,fvYkd uwday;w,f/
'Duek o f nfMuD;rSmavSmiftrd x f x J nfh arG;xm;wJt h ifrwefpum;wwf
wJh Muufwla&G;av;wpfaumif&Sdw,f/ ukefonfMuD;u tajymiftjyuf
oabmeJY ]uJ a&T*Jav;a&? rifhwdkif;jynf tdEd´,u ig bmvufaqmifrsm;
,lcJh&rvJ} vdkY ar;vdkufw,f/
'DawmhMuufwla&G;av;u ]bmrS rvdkbl;? tJ'DrSmawGUorQ
Muufwal &G;awGukd oifwYkd u vGwv f w G v f yfvyf ysHoef;aecsderf mS oifwYkd &UJ
nDtpfudkawmf Muufwla&G;av; wpfaumif[mjzifh bdkcg;&mjrdKU&Sd tdrf
wpftrd u f avSmiftrd x f rJ mS tusO;f cscaH e&ygw,fvYkdom ajymjyay;ygawmh
vdkY ajymowJh/
ukeo f nfMuD;uMuufwal &G;av;pum;Mum;&awmhoyd o f abmusjyD;
[uf[ufyufyuf&,fw,f/ jyD;rS]aumif;ygjyDwJhAsm? rif;yg;vdkufwJh
owif;pum;udk ajymjyvdkufyghr,f} vdkY uwday;jyD; c&D;xGufcJhw,f/
ukeo f nfMuD;[mtdE, ´d Edik if rH mS &uftawmfMumaexdik jf yD;vkyif ef;awG
vkyfw,f/ tm;vHk;jyD;pD;vdkY jyefMu&awmhr,fhtcg tdEd´,opfawmxJu
Muufwla&G;awGudk ol jrifvdkufw,f/ 'DawmhrS olY Muufwla&G;av;&JU
trSmpum;udk owd&jyD; Muufwal &G;awG Mum;Edik af vmufatmif tus,Mf uD;
atmfajymvdu k w f ,f/
]tdMk uufwal &G;taygif;wdYk ?bdck g;&mjrdKUuuREfyk &f t hJ rd rf mS Muufwal &G;
wpfaumifudk avSmiftdrfeJY avSmifxm;ygw,f? olu oifwdkYtm;vHk;udk
*g&0jyKvu kd yf gw,f? aemufjyD; oifwYkdwpfawGu [d[ k o
kd nfonf vGwv f w
G f
vyfvyf ysHoef;aecsdefrsdK;rSm uRefawmfu avSmiftdrfpH tusOf;om;b0
a&mufae&wm w&m;ygovm;} vdkY ar;vdkufygao;w,f}vdkY ajymjyvdkuf
w,f/
Muufwal &G;awGu bmrS jyefrajymbJ ukeo f nfMuD;ukd pl;pl;pdu
k pf u
kd f
MunfhaeMuowJh/ 'gayrJh Muufwla&G;wpfaumifuawmh ½kwfw&uf
wkefwkef,if,if jzpfvmjyD; opfyifxufuae ukefonfMuD;ajcaxmufem;
bkwfceJusvmw,f? 'DMuufwla&G;[m tJ'Dae&mrSmyJ aoqHk;oGm;owJh/
ukefonfMuD; odyf tHhtm;oifhoGm;wmaygh/
[mqef;vScsnv f m;?'DMuufwal &G;[m ightrd u f Muufwal &G;av;eJY
trsdK;rsm; awmfpyfaervm; 'grSr[kwf tifrwef cspfcifMuwJh rdwfaqG
oli,fcsif;awGyJvm;? 'Dvdk bmaMumifhjzpf&wmygvdrfh}
ukeo
f nfMuD;[m trsKd ;rsKd ; pOf;pm;Munfah erdw,f/ 'gayrJh MumMum
rpOf;pm;Edkifbl;? c&D;qufp&m &Sdaew,f r[kwfvm;/
aemufqHk;rSm oltdrfjyefa&mufvmcJhw,f/ tdrfoltdrfom;awGu
0rf;yrf;womqD;MudKMuw,f/ vufaqmifawG&vdYkvnf; tm;vH;k u 0rf;om
aeMuw,faygh/
cPMumawmh Muufwal &G;av;u ]uReaf wmftwGuf bmrsm;ygcJyh g
ovJ} vdkY ar;ygav&m/
]at;uGm rif;twGuf bmrS rygcJhbl;? igpdwfraumif;ygbl;?
'gayrJh tdEd´, Muufwla&G;awGudkawmh rif;ajymcdkif;wmawG ajymjyvdkufyg
w,f? olwdkYu bmrS jyefrajymvdkufMuygbl;}
ukeof nfMuD;pum;tqH;k rSm Muufwal &G;av;u]uReaf wmfrh mS pum;
Mum;Muawmh olwdkYbmrS rvkyfvdkufMubl;vm;} vdkY xyfqifhar;vdkufjyef
w,f/
'DawmhrS ukefonfMuD;u ]at;? tifrwef
xl;qef;wJh jzpf&yfwpfcek YJ awmh
MuHKcJh&w,f? rif; ajymcdkif;
wmawG? ajymjy
vdu
k w f t
hJ cg
Muufwal &G;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
wpfaumifav? ½kwfw&uf wkefwkef,if,ifjzpfvmjyD; opfyifxufuae

ighajcaxmufem; bkwcf eJusvmw,f? tJ'aD e&mrSmyJ aooGm;&Smw,fu, G ?f
ol[m rif;&JU tcspfqHk;oli,fcsif;rsm; jzpfaervm; rodbl;}
jzpf&yfrSefudk ajymjyvdkufwmeJY Muufwla&G;av;[m wpfcsuf
pl;pl;&J&Jatmfvdkufw,f/ ½kwfw&uf wkefwkef,if,if jzpfvmw,f/
aemufawmh olem;ae&m wef;uav;ay:uae avSmiftdrfMurf;jyifay:
bkwfceJusjyD; aoqHk;oGm;awmhowJh/
ukeo f nfMuD; &ifoyf½aI rm tHMh orqH;k jzpf&jyefjyDaygh/
]tvdk bk&m; bk&m;? b,fvdkawG jzpfjyefjyDvJ? ig ajymjyvdkufwJh
owif;pum;aMumifh Muufwal &G;av; pdwx f cd u
kd o f mG ;jyD ckvkd jzpfomG ;w,f
xifyg&JU?tif; [dkawmxJu Muufwla&G;tjzpfeJY wpfxyfwnf;wlaeyg
ayghvm;}
ukeo f nfMuD;[m pdwrf aumif;pGmeJY avSmiftrd u f zkd iG w
hf ,f/ Muufwl
a&G; aoav;ud, k jl yD; O,smOfxvJ iT yhf pfvu
kd w
f ,f? 'DtcgrSm ukeo f nfMuD;tzdYk
ydktHhtm;oifhp&mwpfckeJY xyfMuHK&jyefw,f/ vTifhypfvdkufwJh Muufwla&G;
aoav;[m ajrjyifay: usroGm;bJawmifyHESpfzufudkjzefY avxJysHwuf
oGm;jyD; teD;rSm&SdwJh opfyifay: oGm;em;vdkufvdkYayg/
ukeo f nfMuD;[m Muufwal &G;av;udMk unf&h if; rawG;wwfatmif
jzpfaew,f/
'DtcdkufrSmyJ opfyifxufuaejyD; Muufwla&G;av;u ]uRefawmf
&Sif;jyygr,f?uRefawmfhrdwfaqG Muufwla&G; opfyifay:u wkefwkef
,if,ifjzpfjyD; uswm[m uRefawmfudk owif;ay;vdkufwmaygh? tif;
ukeo f nfMuD;uawmh &dyrf w d ,f rxifb;l ? olay;vdu k wf ohJ wif;u 'Dvakd v?
]rif;vJ vGwv f yfcsif&if aocsifa,mifaqmifvu kd yf g} qdw k mygyJ? uRefawmf
vGwfvyfcGifh&atmif ol ay;vdkufwJh enf;twdkif; vkyfvdkufwmyg? tck
uRefawmfvGwfvyfoGm;ygjyD vGwfjyD uRwfjyDaygh cifAsm? avSmiftdrfxJrSm
uRefawmf b,fawmhrS rae&awmhbl;av}
&Si;f jytjyD;rSmawmhMuufwal &G;uav;ta0;wpfae&mudyk sx H uG o
f mG ;
awmhw,f/ tJ'aD eYupjyD; ukeo f nfMuD;[m olU Muufwal &G;av;ukd wpfcgrS
rjrifawGY&awmhb;l / n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
rd c if w pf O D ; &J U Zmwf v rf ;
at;vSwJh aqmif;wpfnrSmaygh/
emruse;f jzpfae&SmwJh om;i,fab;rSm rdcifMuD;wpfa,muf xdik af e
w,f/ om;i,f&UJ rsuEf mS [m aoG;r&Sad wmhovdk jzLa&mfaew,f/ rsuv f ;kH tpHk
udkvnf; rSdwfxm;w,f/
]om;i,fuav; aoawmhr,f xifyg&JU}
'DtcsdefrSm wHcg;acgufoHwpfcsuf ay:xGufvmjyD; tcef;xJudk
tbdk;tdkwpfa,muf0ifvmw,f/ rdcifMuD;u ]rD;zdkab;rSmxkdifyg? uRefr
aumfzDylyluav; azsmfvdkufygOD;r,f} vdkY {nfh0wfausaus c&D;OD;MudKjyKjyD;
xoGm;w,f/ rMumcif rdcifMuD;u aumfz, D v l mjyD; tbd;k tdu
k dk {nfch w
H ,f/
olvnf; rD;zdkab;rSm xdkifvdkufw,f/
rdcifMuD;[m emrusef;jzpfaewJh om;i,fudkMunfhae&if;rS ydefvSD
ao;auG;vSwJh vufuav;wpfzufudk tomt,mqGJ,ljyD; w,kw,
udkifxm;vdkufw,f/
]om;i,fav; ao&awmhrSmvm; tbdk;&,f}
rdcifMuD;u tbdk;tdkudk arQmfvifhwMuD; ar;Munfhw,f/ 'gayrJh
]r&P}trnf&w dS t
hJ bd;k tdu
k EIww
f YkH rjyefb;l /rdcifMuD;uko
d m Munfah ew,f/
wjznf;jznf;eJY rdcifMuD; rsufvHk;awG pif;vmw,f/ rtdyf&wm
oH;k n&Sad ejyDrYkd cPav;yJjzpfjzpf arS;csifvmw,f/ 'gaMumifrh sufv;kH tpHu k kd
rSdwfrdvdkufw,f/ 'gayrJh ½kwfw&uf zsufceJ vefYEdk;vmw,f/ rdcifMuD;
a&SUarmufrSm tbdk;tdk r&Sdawmhbl;/ rdcifMuD;xdwfvefYwMum; x&yf
vdkufw,f/ om;i,fbufudk ysmysmovJvSnfhMunfhvdkufw,f/ tdyf&m
xufrSm om;i,f r&Sdawmhbl;/
rdcifMuD;[mtdrt f jyiftarSmifxx k aJ jy;xGuvf mcJw
h ,f/om;i,fukd
wpmpmatmfac:w,f/ xl;oHrMum;bl;/ 'gayrJh ESi;f awG wzGzJ u JG sqif;aewJh
a&cJjyifay:rSm teufa&mif0wfpHk&Snf0wfxm;wJh rdef;rMuD;wpfa,mufudk
jrif&w,f/ 'Drdef;rMuD;uyJ ]&SifhtdrfxJrSm r&Pudk uRefr jrifvdkufw,f?
&Sifhom;ukd olac:oGm;jyDav} vdkY ajymjyD; ]ol[m avt[kefxufjrefatmif
oGm;Edik w
f ,f/ol[mbmudrk S jyefr,lvmwwfb;l }vdYkvnf; quf&iS ;f jyw,f/
]ol b,foGm;vJ[if? uRefrudk ajymygvm;}
rdcifMuD;u awmif;yefwJhtcg rdef;rMuD;u ]ajymr,f? 'gayrJh
ckawmh onf;cHyg&Si}f
]uRerf om;av;udk jyef&atmif MudK;pm;&SmazG&OD;r,fav? uJ r&P
[m uRefrom;av;udk ac:jyD; b,foGm;w,fqdkwm ajymjyygawmh&Sif}
]uRerf udo k cD si;f awGqjkd yyg? qdrk jy&ifb,fawmhrS od&rSmr[kwb f ;l }
rwwfomwJhtqHk;rSm rdcifMuD;[m oDcsif;awG qdkjy&Smw,f?
qdk&if; 0rf;enf;pdwfeJY idkaMuG;rd&Smw,f/ 'DawmhrS nu nmbufudkcsdK;jyD;
rnf;arSmifaewJh opfawmxJ0ifyg? r&P[m &Sifh om;i,fukdayGYjyD; tJ'D
opfawmxJ 0ifoGm;wmyJvdkY ajymjyw,f/
rnf;arSmifaewJh opfawmxJta&mufrSm vrf;ESpfoG,fawGYw,f/
tif; b,fvrf;udv k ukd &f yghrvJ/ vrf;ESpo f ,G Mf um;rSmawmh t&Guv f nf;r&Sd
yef;vnf;ryGiw hf hJ ql;yifwpfyif&adS ew,f/ 'Dq;l yifrmS ESi;f yGiahf wG cJaew,f/
]ql;yifMuD;&,f? r&P b,foGm;ygovJ? uRefr om;i,feJY
'Dem;u jzwfoGm;wmudk ql;yifMuD; rjrifvdkufrdbl;vm;&Sif}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]tif; jrifw,f jrifw,f? 'gayrJh uReaf wmfu h kd cifAsm;&ifciG ef YJtyfjyD;

taEG;aiGYay;ygOD;As? uRefawmf at;vSjyD? a&cJawG ESif;awGu uRefawmhfudk
owfypfMuawmhr,fAsm}
rdcifMuD;[m ql;yifukd &ifeYJ tyfjyD; taEG;"mwfay;&w,f/ 'Dawmh
&ifwpfjyifvHk;rSm ql;jcpf&mawG xifukefw,f/ 'gayrJh &ifaiGYuawmh
wu,fhudk aEG;w,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; qlyif[m tifrwefat;vSwJh tJ'D
aqmif;nrSmyJ &GufopfawG a0vmawmhw,f/ yef;awG yGifhvmawmhw,f/
'DtcgusrSyq J ;l yifu vrf;ñTeEf ikd af wmhw,f/
ñTew f t hJ wdik ;f qufavQmufvmwJt h cg a&uefus,Mf uD;qD a&muf
vmw,f/ a&uefus,Mf uD;udk jzwfu;l zdYk avSr&Sb d ;l ? a&txuf rsuEf mS jyif
avmufrmS om cJaewJh a&cJjyifay: jzwfavQmufvYkd vnf;r&bl;/
]om;i,fqDawmh a&mufudk a&muf&r,f}
rdcifMuD;[m om;qD a&mufcsiaf ZmeJY a&uefus,Mf uD;xJua&awG
ukefoGm;atmif MudK;pm;aomufMunfhw,f/
'DwpfcgrSm a&uefMuD;u
]uRefawmfah &awGtm;vH;k ukeo f mG ;atmif cifAsm; raomufEikd b f ;l ?
tif; uRefawmfuvnf; vSywJah usmufoyH wÅjrm;av;awGukd jrwfE;kd wwf
w,f?cifAsm;rsufv;kH tpH[ k m urÇmrSmtvSq;kH ausmufrsufuav;awGyAJ sm?
tJ'D rsufvHk;uav;awG uRefawmfudk ay;cJhygvm;Asm?r&P&JU O,smOf
ta&muf o,fyYkd ay;vdu k rf ,fav? tJ'rD mS r&P[m olU&JUyef;awG? opfyif
awGukd apmifMh uyfaeav&JU? ol apmifMh uyfxm;wJh opfyifwikd ;f ? yef;yGiw hf ikd ;f rSm
touf&Sdw,f}
]uRefrom;i,fudk jyef&zdkY uRefr bmrqdk vkyfr,f}
rdcifMuD;[m olUtqH;k tjzwfuakd jymjy&if; ½du I Mf uD;wiifiakd MuG;vdu k f
w,f/ 'DtcgrSmyJoUl rsufpEd pS v f ;kH [m awmufywJh ausmufuav;ESpyf iG v hf kd
a&uefxJusoGm;w,f/ 'DawmhrS a&uefus,fMuD; olUudkayGUcsDjyD; r&P
O,smOfta&muf o,faqmifomG ;w,f/ rdcifMuD;[m rsuv f ;kH tpHk r&Sad wmhvYkd
O,smOfudk rjrifEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifh ]uRefr r&Pudk b,frSmawG&rSmvJ}vdkY
wzGzaG r;&if; ajymjyaew,f/
'DvdkeJY wpfae&mta&mufrSm tbGm;tdkwpfa,mufu qD;jyD; ]ol
'DudkvmaejyD}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/ 'DtbGm;[m r&P&JU tcdkif;apyJ/ r&P
r&Sdcdkuf O,smOfudkapmifhMuyf&olaygh/ oluyJ]'DvmwJhvrf;udk rif; b,fvdk
&SmawGYovJ}vdkYar;w,f/
]bk&m;ocifu ulnv D u kd wf myg? tbGm;uvnf; uRerf udu k nl yD g
OD;aemf? ulnrD ,f r[kwv f m;[if? uRefr&JU om;i,fukd b,frmS awGYEikd rf vJ
tbGm;&,f}
]rifo
h m;i,fut kd bGm;rodb;l ? 'gayrJh odwmwpfcak wmh&ydS gw,f?
bmvJqdkawmh urÇmay:rSm&SdwJh vlwdkif;twGuf opfyifwpfyifpD a[m'D
O,smOfxJrSm&Sdaew,f? trSefawmh a[m'Du opfyifawG? yef;yGifhawG[m
wjcm;opfyif? yef;yGifhawGeJY twllwlygyJ? jcm;em;wmwpfckuawmh a[m'D
opfyifwdkif; yef;yGifwdkif; ESvHk;ckefaeMuw,fqdkwmyJ? rif;em;axmif
Munfhaygh? tckvdk ajymjywJhtwGufawmh tbGm;udkwpfckckay;&r,faemf}
]uRefrrSm ay;p&mbmrSbmrSrusefawmhbl; tbGm;&,f}
]rif;&JU vSyeufarSmifwhJ qHyif&n S Mf uD;awGukd ay;ygvm;? tbGm;&Jh
qHyifjzLawGufk rif; ,lEdkifygw,f? qHyifr&SdwmeJYpm&if qHyifjzLawG
&Sdaeao;wmu ydkaumif;w,f r[kwfvm;}
]tbGm;vdkcsifwm 'gtukefyJvm;}
rdcifMuD;uwpfceG ;f jyefar;jyD; qHyifawGukd ay;vdu k w
f ,f? jyD;awmh
O,smOfxJESpfOD;om;0ifoGm;jyD; opfyifawG? yef;yGifhawGMum;rSm avQmufMu
w,f/ opfyifwikd ;f ? yef;yGiw hf ikd ;f rSm emrnfwpfc&k xdS m;w,f/ bmaMumifv h J
qdkawmh 'D O,smOfwGif;u opfyifwdkif;? yef;yGifhwdkif;[m urÇmus,fMuD;
ae&mrSm&Sad ewJh toufwpfacsmif; jzpfaewmud;k /
rdcifMuD;[m ti,fqHk;yef;yGifhawG&JU ESvHk;ckefoHuav;awGudk
uyfem;axmifMunfw h ,f/ aemufq;kH rSm oem;pzG,f aumif;avmufatmifukd
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ñdI;a&mfaewJh yef;yGifhuav;xJrSm olYom;i,f&JU ESvHk;ckefoHudk Mum;vdkuf

&w,f/
'DtcsdefrSmyJ tbGm;tdku
]yef;yGifhawGudk rxdapeJYaemf? r&P rMumcifa&mufvmawmhr,f?
tbGm;tMuHay;csifwmu r&P a&mufvmwJhtcg yef;tdk;wpftdk;udk
udkifxm;jyD; ]uRefrom;i,f ESvHk;ckefoH&SdaewJh yef;yGifhudk &Sifxd&if uRefr
wjcm;yef;yifESpfyifudk qGJEIwfypfvdkufr,fvdkYajymyg? 'DtajymrsdK;udk ol
tawmfhudk rMum;csifwmaocsmw,f}
'DtcsdefrSm aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmif at;pufwJhavu
O,smOfudkjzwfwdkufvmw,f/ rdcifMuD;u rjrifEdkifayr,fh at;pufwJh
avwdkufwmudkawmh odwmaygh/ 'g[m r&P jzpfr,fqdkwmudkvnf;
&dyfrdvdkufw,f/ csufcsif;qdkovdkyJ r&P[m olUem;a&mufvmjyD;
]b,fvv kd yk f jrefjrefqefqef cifAsm; a&mufvmovJ} vdYk ar;w,f/
]uRefr[m rdcifwpfa,mufyJ&Sif} vdkY jyeftajzrSm r&Pu
oem;p&maumif;wJh ñd;I a&mfa&mfyef;yGiu hf av;ud,
k zl Ykd olY&n
S v
f sm;at;pufwhJ
vufMuD;udk qefYxkwfvdkufw,f/ 'gudk rdcifMuD; b,fvdkodoGm;w,f
rodbl;? yef;yGifhqDolUvufMuD;ra&mufEdkifatmif zrf;qGJxm;vdkufw,f/
r&Pu zrf;qGJxm;wJhvufudk aveJY rIwfxkwfypfw,f/ 'Dawmh
vufESpfzufpvHk; jyKwfusoGm;w,f/
]cifAsm; usKyfudk rwm;qD;Edkifygbl;}
bk&m;ocif&UJ tvdu k s usKyf aqmif&uG af ewmjzpfw,f/ usKyf[m
bk&m;ocif&UJ O,smOfukd apmifMh uyfaewmjzpfw,f/ bk&m;ocif trdeYf &w dS hJ
tcgwdkif; usKyfu yef;wpfyGifh'gr[kwf opfyifwpfyifudk edAÁmefbHkrSm&SdwJh
olO,smOfxJ o,fydkYay;w,f}
]uRefrom;i,fukd jyefay;yg}
rdcifMuD;uawmif;qdk&if;yef;tdk;ESpftdk;udk aumufudkifxm;vdkuf
w,f/
]uJ om;udjk yefay;yg? ray;&ifawmh a[m'D yef;td;k xJu yef;awGukd

uRerf qGEJ w I yf pf&vdrrhf ,f? uRerf tonf;uGu J meD;aeygjyD&iS f jyefay;ygawmh}
'Dawmhr&Pu
]olU udkrxdeJY? cifAsm;tck pdwfrcsrf;omjzpfaew,f r[kwfvm;?
xd&if wjcm; rdcifwpfOD;udk cifAsm;vdk pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfatmif zefwD;&m
usoGm;vdrfhr,f}
]&Sif wjcm;rdcifwpfOD;? [kwfvm;}
rdcifMuD;[m yef;td;k ESpv f ;kH pvH;k udk tomt&m jyefcsvdu k w
f ,f/
]a[m'DrSm cifAsm;&JU rsufpdESpfvHk;? usKyfa&uefxJu q,f,lcJhw,f?
cifAsm;&JU rsufpEd pS v
f ;kH [m a&uefxrJ mS ausmufEpS yf iG vhf kd awmufyaew,f?
a&mh ,lvdkufyg/ [dkwkef;uxufawmif ydkvSvmMuovkdyJ/ 'gaMumifh
[dkwkef;uxuf ydkjyD; MunfMunfvifvif cifAsm;jrifEdk ifrSmyg? uJuJ
a[m'DreS u f av;vJ Munfyh gOD; ? rSex f rJ mS toufEpS af csmif;udk jrif&vdrrhf ,f?
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tJ'Dtouf ESpfacsmif;&SdwJh yef;ESpfyGifh trnfemrawGudk usKyfajymjyr,f

'grS cifAsm; oabmayguf em;vnfrSmyJ}
rdcifMuD;urSex f MJ unfv
h u
kd wf ,f/toufEpS af csmif;udjk rifae&w,f/
toufwpfacsmif;utvSty? aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrI aumif;jcif;tzHkzHkeJY
jynfhpHkaew,f/ usefwpfacsmif;uawmh pdwfraumif;p&m tusnf;wef
t&kyq f ;kd rIawGeYJ jynfEh u
S af ew,f/
r&Pu
]a[m'D toufEpS af csmif;teuf wpfacsmif;[m cifAsm;om;i,f&UJ
toufyJ} vdkY ajymjywJhtcg rdciffMuD;u odcsifaZmMuD;vGef;pGmeJY ]][if
b,f [ mvJ ? b,f [ mvJ / uRef r om;&J U touf u b,f [ mvJ ?
aumif;wJh[mvm;? qdk;wJh[mvm;}vdkY ar;w,f/
]usKyf rajymEdkifbl;}
]aMomf aMomf uJ? 'Dvdkjzifhvnf; uRefr taMumif;udk &Sif arhvdkuf
ayawmh?uRefr ar;wm jref;wmawGvnf; arhvdkufygawmh? uRefr&JU
om;i,fudkom ta&mufo,faqmifay;ygawmh/ tJ'DrSm om;i,f aysmfyg
vdrrhf ,f}
'Dawmh r&Pu rsufreI u f yk v
f u
kd jf yD;
]cifAsm;udk usKyf em;rvnfawmhbl;? ckeuawmh cifAsm;u
om;i,fudk jyefvdkcsifw,f? ckawmhvnf; ta&mufydkYay;ygawmhwJh}
rdcifrSm bmrS jyefrajymawmhbl;? ajrjyifrSm 'l;axmuf xdkifcs
vdkufjyD; bk&m;ocifudk wdkifwnfvdkufw,f/
]rSm;,Gif;wJht&mawGudk awmif;qdkrdwJh uRefrudk zbk&m;ocif
cGiv
hf w T af wmfryl g? t&m&mudk zbk&m;ocifom todq;kH yg? uRerf awmif;qdk
wmawGukd *&krpdu k yf geJYawmh zbk&m;ocif}
'Dawmh rS r&P[m om;i,feYJtwl ykxZk Ofrsm; rodEikd w f hJ ae&mudk
xGufcGmoGm;awmhw,f/
n
a&T a &mif 0 if ; wJ h rif ; orif
awm&dyfukd xkd;azmufjyD; ausmufrsuf&wema&mifvkd 0if;vufaewJh

rsuv f ;Hk av;tpk[ H m b,foYlrsuv f ;Hk av;rsm;jzpfavrvJ/ OD;csKad wGuvnf;
aiGvjcrf;uav;vkd awmufyaevkdufwm/ olUykvJa&mif cGmuav;awG
qkd&ifvnf; csKHykwfawGudk jzwfajy;aewmrsm; avt[kefeJY rjcm;bl;/ ol
ol b,folygvdrfh/ wjcm;r[kwfbl;av/ om;oriftaygif;&Jh bk&if
]bif,ef} yJaygh/
bif,ef[mAm&mPoDjynfrmS &dw S hJ wpfO;D wnf;aom awmbk&ifawmh
r[kwfbl;/ olu orifig;&mukd tkyfcsKyfw,f/ ]b&efY} trnf&dSwJh orif
wpfaumifuawmh wjcm; orifig;&mudk tkyfcsKyfw,f/
Am&mPoDjynfh&Sif bk&ifuvnf; aeYpOf orifvkdufwJh 0goem
&dw
S ,f/orifawGusupf m;wJh awmra&mufcif bk&ifeYJ aemufawmfygawG[m
rsm;jym;vSwJh uGif;jyifMuD;awG? v,fuGif;awG? ajymif;cif;awG? oD;ESHcif;
uav;awGudk jrif;pD;jzwfausmf&w,f/ 'Dvkd jzwfausmf&awmh jrif;awGu
pyg;yif? ajymif;yif? oD;ESHyifawGudk eif;acsoGm;Muw,f/ 'DtcgrSm
awmifov l ,form;awGu ]]t&Si?f uREkyf w f Ydk udk oem;awmfryl g? oem;awmf
rlyg}}vkYd wpmpm atmf[pfawmif;yefw;dk vQK;d ayr,fh olwYdk&hJ awmif;yefw;dk vQKd ;
oHawG[m bk&ifah emufawmfyg;rsm;&Jh wHy;dk c&moHawGatmufrmS aysmufysuf
oGm;&wm csnf;ygyJ/
'Dvdk Mudrzf efrsm;pGm cHpm;aeMu&vkYd wpfaeYawmh awmifov l ,form;
awGpjk yD; 0kid ;f tajz&SmMuw,f/
]usKyfwkdY vuf&dStajctaeukd b,fvkd ajymif;vJypfMurSmvJ}
]orifawGtm;vkH;udk bk&ifhopfawmxJ armif;oGif;xm;vkdufwm
taumif;qk;H yJ/ 'Dvrdk S bk&if awmvku d wf x hJ u G w f t
hJ cg uREykf w
f Ydk v,fuiG ;f
awGxJ jzwfausmfoGm;zdkY rvkdawmhrSm}}
'DtMuHay;csufukd awmifolv,form; tm;vkH;u oabmwl
vufcH Muw,f/ olwkdY[m tcsdefqGJraeMuawmhbJ bk&ifhopfawmxJrSm
jrufyifawG pkdufysKd;Muw,f/ a&uefawG wl;azmfMuw,f/ tm;vkH;jyD;pD;
oGm;awmh jrdKUvlxkudk zdwfac:? wkwfawG? vSHawG ukd,fpD ukdifaqmifapjyD;
orifawGudk bk&ifhopfawmxJ armif;oGif;Muw,f/ orifawGtm;vkH;
bk&ifo h pfawmxJa&mufomG ;wJt h cg opfawmwHcg;MuD;udk ydwv f udk Mf uw,f/
'Daemuf olwkdYbk&ifxHoGm;jyD; ]t&Sifrif;MuD;? uREkfyfwkdY vkyfzG,fudpt ö 00
jyD;pD;MuygjyD? [kdpOfwkef;uawmh t&Sifrif;MuD; orifypfxGufwJhtcg
t&Sifrif;MuD;wkdY pD;eif;MuwJh jrif;awGu uREkfyfwkdY&Jh pyg;yifawGudk
eif;acsomG ;Muygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ,ck 'Dvdk rjzpf&avatmif t&Sirf if;MuD;&Jh
opfawmxJ orifawGtm;vkH; uREkfyfwkdY armif;oGif;ay;xm;vkdufygjyD/
orifawGtwGuf jrufyifawG pkdufysKd;ay;xm;jyD;ygjyD/ a&uefawG wl;azmf
ay;xm;NyD;ygjyD/ t&Sirf if;MuD;vnf; uREyfk w f Ydk&hJ v,fuiG ;f rsm;udk jzwfausmjf yD;
orifypfxGuf&ef rvkdtyfawmhyg} vkdY wifavQmufMuw,f/
aemufykdif;&ufawGrSm bk&if[m bk&ifhopfawmwGif;rSmyJ orifypf
xGuaf wmhw,f/ bk&if[m tifrwefvyS wJh oriftyk Mf uD;ukad eYpOf½pI m;awmf
rlw,f/ wpfaeYrSm oriftkyfxJu a&Ta&mif0if;aewJh xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
orifMuD;ESpfaumifukd jrifawGUvkdufw,f/ bk&ifu csufcsif;yJ ]tJ'D
a&Ta&mif0if;aewJh orifMuD;ESpaf umifukd b,faomtcgrS rypfMuaveJY} vkYd
trdeYfxw k wf ,f/ 'DtrdeYfaMumifh bif,efYeYJ b&efYwYdk[m cRejf rwJjh rm;'Pfu
uif;a0;aeMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh useforifuav;rsm;qkd&if jrm;csufeJY
toufrqkH;cif 'Pf&m'Pfcsufaygif; &maxmif&Muw,f/
'geJY b&efYu bif,efqo D mG ;jyD; olYpw d uf ;l ukd xkwaf zmfajymjyw,f/
]tcsif;rdwfaqG? ,ck uREkfyfajymjyrnfh pum;rsm;udk tav;

teufxm; em;axmifapcsifygw,f/ uREkfyfwkdY&Jh vufatmufi,fom;
awG[m towfcH&½kHwGifomru rvkdtyfbJ 'Pf&m'Pfcsufaygif;rsm;pGm
&Muao;w,f/ bk&ifrh mS vnf;wpfaeYvQif wpfaumifusypfcwfowfjzwfjyD;
yGaJ wmfwnfzYdk qE´&w
Sd ,f/ bk&ifq
h E´t& wpfaumifwnf; zrf;towfc&H r,fh
ta&;rSm tb,faMumifh orifaygif;rsm;pGm temw& jzpfMu&rSmvJ?
'Dawmh wpfaeYvQif wpfaumifus eef;awmfx0J if towfcw H m ykrd aumif;
aybl;vm; tcsif; rdwfaqG}
bif,efu b&efY wifjyvmwJh tBuHÓPfudk vufcv H udk w f ,f/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ trdefYwpfck xkwfjyefw,f/ 'DtrdefYt& aemufykdif;
&ufawGrSm aeYpOftvSnfhus orifwpfaumif[m eef;awmfwHcg;0oGm;jyD;
ausmufwkH;MuD;ay: ol&Jh jzLazG;wJh ezl;jyifudk toifhwifay;&&Smw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'DaeY bif,eforiftyk pf u
k wpfaumifomG ;towfc&H if aemufaeYb&efY
oriftkyfpkxJu wpfaumif oGm;towfcHaygh/
wpfaeY om;i,forifaygufuav;arG;jyD;ump orifrMuD; tvSnfh

a&mufvmw,f/ 'DorifrMuD;[m b&efY oriftkyfpk xJu jzpfw,f/
orifrMuD;udk olUtvSnu hf sjyDjzpfwt
hJ aMumif; ajymjyvku d w
f t
hJ cg orifr
MuD;u b&efYqD tajy;oGm;jyD; ]t&Sif? uaeY[m eef;awmfxJoGm;jyD;
towfc&H zkYd uREyfk t
f vSnjhf zpfvmygjyD? okYdaomf uREyfk \ f om;i,fav;[m
tifrwefukd tm;enf;aeygao;w,f/ rdcif&hJ *½kpu dk rf I vkt
d yfaeygao;w,f/
rdcifr&dS&if rjzpfao;wJh tajctaerSm &dSaeygao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
om;i,fuav; MuD;vmrS oGm; towfcyH g&ap t&Si}f vkYd taMumif;jy
toem;cHw,f/
]rjzpfb;l orifrMuD;? oGm;&r,f/ wjcm; orifwpfaumifeYJ tpm;xk;d
vkdYvnf; roifhawmfbl;/ oifhukd trdefYay;xm;wJhtwkdif;yJ eef;awmfxJ
oGm;vkdufygawmh}
orifrMuD; &ifwGif;rcsd EGrf;&daMuuGJ oGm;&Smw,f/ rsuf&nfus
vmw,f/ ESv;Hk om; wqwfqwf vIycf gae&Smw,f/ MuH&mr&Ekid af wmhwmrkYd
bif,efqD ajy;w,f/
]tkd t&Sif bif,ef? eef;awmfxJ0if towfcHzkdY uREkfyftvSnfh
usvmygjyD/ 'gayr,fh rdcifr&dS&if rjzpfao;wJh om;i,fuav; uREkfyfrSm
&dSaeygw,f/ 'Dom;av; MuD;jyif;vmwJhtcgusrS oGm; towfcHyg&ap/
uREkfyfeJY om;i,fuav;udk oem;aomtm;jzifh ulnDygOD; t&Sif bif,ef}
bif,efu rqkid ;f rwGbJ jyefajymw,f/
]pdwfat;csrf;ompGmeJY oifhom;i,fav;xH jyefayawmh orifrMuD;?
wjcm; orifwpfaumifeJY tpm;xkd; jzpf rjzpf uREkfyf MunfhygOD;r,f}
orifrMuD; odyf 0rf;om&Tifvef;oGm;w,f/ om;i,fav;qD
tvsiftjref ajy;w,f/ orifrMuD; ajy;xGuftoGm;rSm bif,efuvnf;
wdrfpkdif wdrfwkdufawGudk vQyfpD;u xkd;azmufvkdufovkd opfyifawG?
csKHykwfawGukd xkd;azmufausmfvTm; ajy;oGm;w,f/ cPcsif;yJ eef;awmf
wHcg;0tem; a&mufvmcJw h ,f/ bif,ef[m ausmufw;Hk MuD;ay: ezl;jyifudk
tvkdufoifh wifay;xm;vkdufawmhw,f/
a&Ta&mif0if;aewJh orifMuD; ausmufwkH;rSm vma&muf vnfpif;cH
aewmudk om;owform;jrifawmh odyu f kd tHt
h m;oifh wkev f yI o
f mG ;w,f/
vufxJu "m;MuD;awmif vGwfusoGm;w,f/
]tkd a&TorifMuD;yJ? towfcHzkdY toifhjzpfaejyD/ a&TorifMuD;
b,fvdk vkyv f u dk yf gvdr/hf bk&ift
h rdeYf awmf&w Sd ,f/ a&TorifMuD;udk owfvYdk
rjzpfbl;/ cufjyD/ 'ku©ygyJ}
om;owform;[m pOf;pm;vkdYr&/ bmvkyfvkdY bmudkif&rSef;vJ
rodawmhbl;/ tawmfav;MumrS pOf;pm;&vmw,f/ [kwfjyD? 'gtaumif;
qkH;yJ? om;owform;[m bk&ifhxHarSmuf ta&muf0if awGUjrifcJhorQ
wifavQmufvu dk w f ,f/ wifavQmufcsut f qk;H rSm bk&if xkid rf aeEkid af wmhb;l /
cspv f pS mG aomnDi,fwpfa,mufudk awGUzkYd tpfuw kd pfa,mufutajy;tvTm;
oGm;ovkd bk&if[m bif,efqD ta&muf ajy;xGufoGm;awmhw,f/
bif,efem; a&mufwt hJ cg
]tkd acsmarmvSyvGef;wJh toif orif? tb,fodkYaom taMumif;
jcif;&mawGu emusifrIa0'emudkay;r,fh 'DausmufwkH;MuD;qDokdY oifhtm;
ykdYaqmifay;vkdufygovJ} vkdY pdwfraumif;jcif;MuD;pGmeJY MuifMuifemem
ar;vku d wf ,f/
bif,efu wkev f yI rf I uif;pGmeJY jyefajzw,f/
]t&Sifrif;MuD;? ,aeY orifjzLrMuD;&Jh tvSnfhusygw,f/ olUwGif
orifaygufuav; wpfaumif &daS eygonf/ xko d rifjzLrMuD; uk, d pf m;
uREkfyfa&mufvmjcif; jzpfygonf/ orifaygufuav;onf rdcifr&dSvQif
rjzpfonfh tajctaerSm &dSaeygí uREkfyf ,ckuJhokdY jyKrIaqmif&Gufjcif;
jzpfayonf}
bk&if odyfudk pdwfxdckdufoGm;&w,f/ aMuuGJ0rf;enf;vGef;vkdY
yg;jyifxufrSm rsuf&nfawGawG usqif;vmw,f/ bk&if[m ajrjyifay:
'l;axmufvkdufjyD; bif,efY a&Ta&mif0if;aewJh OD;acgif;udk w,kw,
ukdifwG,f yGwfoyfvkdufw,f/
]tkd jrifhjrwfvSaom a&Torif? orifrMuD;\ toufudk uREkfyf
csrf;omay;ygawmhrnf? toif a&Torif xygavmh? awmxJokdY jyefyg
avavmh}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]t&Sifrif;MuD;? ,ck trdefYawmft& uREkfyf toufum; csrf;om&m

&cJah yjyD/ awmwGi;f rSm&dMS uaom uREkyf \
f rsKd;EG,f wjcm;oriftaygif;ESihf
ywfoufí tokdYenf;}
]olwkdY\ toufudkvnf; csrf;omay;ygrnf a&Torif}
]om"k om"k om"k? bk&ifhopfawmwGif;u oriftaygif; touf
csrf;om&m&MuavjyD/ t&Sirf if;MuD; aejynfawmfwiG ;f u orifrsm;twGuf
tokdYenf;}
]olwkdY toufukdvnf; csrf;omay;ygrnf a&Torif}
]om"k om"k om"k? t&Sifrif;MuD; oifonf om;oriftaygif;\
toufukd csrf;omay;cJhayjyD/ t&Sifrif;MuD;taejzifh ajcav;acsmif;
owå0grsm;\ toufukdyg csrf;omay;Ekdifygrnfvm;}
]tkd u½kPmt&Sif a&Torif? ajcav;acsmif;owå0grsm;\
toufukdyg uREkfyf csrf;omay;Ekdifygonf/ csrf;omay;ygrnf}
]om"k om"k om"k? ajcav;acsmif;owå0grsm; toufcsrf;om&m
&MuayjyD/ tmumoaumif;uif,rH mS yso H ef;Muaom iSuo f wå0grsm;udyk g
csrf;omay;Ekid rf nfavm}
]csrf;omay;ygrnf a&Torif}
]om"k om"k om"k? oifum; ,ckqkdvQif ajcav;acsmif; owå0g
rsm;ESifh iSufrsm;\ toufukd Muifemoem;pdwfjzifh csrf;omay;cJhayjyD/
okdYaomf a&xJü &Sifoefusufpm;Mu&aom ig;owå0grsm;ESifh ywfoufí
uREkyf f rod&ao;yg}
]ig;owå0grsm;\ toufukdyg csrf;omay;ygrnf toif a&Torif}
]om"k om"k om"k}
bk&ifh ESvkH;tdrfrSm tMuifemprf;a& pD;jzmaew,f/ tJ'DaeYupjyD;
bk&if[m jynfolrsm;udk &if0,fom;rsm;vkd cspfcifMuifemrIrsm;pGmeJY
tkyfcsKyfvmcJhwJhtwGuf aejynfawmftwGif; rDSwif;aexkdifMuwJh ouf&dS
owå0gtm;vkH; ESvkH;pdwf0rf; at;csrf;Mu&w,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
a':yg&m
]tef} i,fpOfuawmh olUzcif yef;yJorm;eJYtwl &Gmi,fuav; wpf&GmrSm

aecJhw,f/ tefrSm nDrokH;a,muf tpfukdav;a,muf&dSw,f/ rdom;pkrsm;
awmh odyaf ysmMf uwmaygh/ armifErS awGtm;vk;H ausmif;wufMu? ausmif;ydwf
&ufusawmh &Gmu wjcm;uav;awGeJY upm;Mu? a&ul;oGm;Mu/ aysmfvkdY
ukd rqkH;EkdifMubl;/
tefu orD;awGxJrSm tMuD;rkdY tdrfrI udpaö wG ulvkyfay;&w,f/
tefwkdY tdrfab;rSm rkqkd;r trsKd;orD;MuD; rpöuftdwfcfaew,f/

'DtrsK;d orD;MuD;udk b,forl S rsuEf mS aMumrwnfb h ;l ? rESpjf rdKUbl;/ uav;awG
tjyifxGufupm;&if qlw,f nHw,fqkdjyD; Mudrf;vm; Mudrf;&Jh/ abmvkH;
uav; olUNcHxJ a&mufoGm;&ifawmif 0ifaumufvkdY r&bl;/ jcHxJu
jrufcif;ukd eif;rdrmS pk;d owJ/h 'gaMumifh wkw&f nS &f nS ef YJ xk;d ,lMu&w,f/
wpfcgwpfcgusawmh olu uav;awGudk q&mvkyfao;w,f/ eifwkdY
upm;enf;r[kwfao;bl;? rSm;aew,f/ 'Dvkd 'Dvkd upm;&w,fvkdY ukd,f
wkdif ukd,fus jywwfw,f/
wu,fawmh rpöuftdwfcf[m uav;awGukdom pdwfqif;&Jatmif

vkywf m r[kwb f ;l / vlMuD;awGuv
dk nf;uoduatmufjzpfatmif zefw;D wwf
ao;w,f/ tdrfeD;csif; tcsif;csif; jiif;MujyDqkd&if ol Mum;0ifvmjyD/ ol
ajz&Sif;jyD/ jyD;awmh tdrfwumoGm;? awGUwJholwkdif;udk ol b,fvkdb,fykH
ajz&Si;f ay;cJ&h wJth aMumif; ajymawmhwmyJ? 'Dawmh vlawGu olUukd twif;
tzsif;tifrwefajymwwfwhJ rde;f rMuD;vkYd jrifvmMua&m/
rpöuftdwfcf[m trsm;tm;jzifh tef&JhtdrfvmjyD; tefY tareJY
wpfaeukef twif;tzsif; ajymavh&dSw,f/ tMuHÓPf ay;avh&dSw,f/
cyf½kdif;½kdif; ajym&&if vm vm jyD; q&mvkyfavh&dSw,f/ xrif; b,fvkd
csu&f w,f/ rkeYfb,fvzdk w k &f w,fupjyD; csKy½f ;dk uav;awGvaS tmif b,fvdk
csKyf&w,f txdyJ/
wpfaeYawmh cgwkdif;vkd q&mvkyfvkdY0jyD; jyefxGufoGm;wJhtcg
tefu olUtarukd rauseyfykHrsKd;av;eJY
]taruvnf; 'Drdef;rMuD; q&mvmvkyfaewmudk bmaMumifh
emcHae&wmvJ? olUudk wav;wpm;vkyaf ezkYd rvkyd gbl;tar&m?wu,fawmh
b,forl S olUukd vufcpH um;rajymcsib f ;l ? wpfa,mufwnf; tvky½f yI af ewJh
rdef;rMuD;? twif;tzsif;awG odyfajymwwf
wJh rdef;rMuD;? tNrJwrf;pyfpkwwfwJh rdef;rMuD; tar&Jh} vkdY
rJhrJh&GJU&GJU ajymawmh tefYtaru NyHK;jyD;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]'DrmS orD;? vlwidk ;f rSm tm;enf;csKdU,Gi;f csuftenf;eJYtrsm;&dMS uw,f/

b,folrS >cif;csufrJh aumif;w,fvkdY r&dSbl;/ rpöuftdwfcftaMumif;
raumif;ajymaeMuwJh vlawGrmS vnf; csKdU,Gi;f csuf&w Sd mygyJ/ wu,fawmh
rpöut f w d cf [
f m yGiyhf iG v
hf if;vif; ajymwwfjyD; a0zefwwfwhJ trsK;d orD;MuD;yg
orD;&,f/ 'gayrJh ol[m tajrmftjrifMuD;rm;olvnf; jzpfygw,f orD;/
ol wwfoavmuf rSwfoavmuf olrsm;ukd ulnDcsifw,f/ tarwkdY[m
vlawGudk cyfjrefjref cyfvG,fvG,f rqkH;jzwfoifhbl;/ &uf&ufpufpuf
cufcufxefxefvnf; tuJrjzwfoifhygbl;/ csKdU,Gif;csuf tm;enf;csuf
awGuo kd m uGurf Munfo h ifb
h ;l av} vkYd pdw&f n
S v
f uf&n S f &Si;f jyvku
d wf ,f/
tefY tar &Si;f jywmawG rSew f ,fvYdk qk&d rSmyJ/ bmaMumifv h qJ adk wmh
rpöuftdwfcf aoqkH;vkdY olUaowrf;pmudk zwfMuwJhtcg wpf&GmvkH;
tHhom;oifhoGm;Mu&vkdYygyJ/ rpöuftdwfcf[m tusKd;jyKvkyfief;awGtwGuf
aiGaMu;tajrmuftjrm;vSLxm;cJw h ,f/ uav;rsm;twGuf upm;uGi;f topf
jyKvkyfay;&efwJh? aq;½kHrSm vkdtyfwJh tokH;taqmifypönf;awG 0,f&efwJh/
ausmif;aqmifopfwpfck aqmufvkyf&efwJh/ tkd pkHaewmygyJ/ 'ghtjyif
vlwpfa,mufuvGJjyD; wpf&GmvkH; olUtay: raumif;jrifaeMuwmudk ol
&dyfrdaMumif;? 'Dwpfa,mufwnf;[m olUrdwfaqGMuD;yJ jzpfaMumif;? olU
rdwfaqGMuD;rSm aumif;jcif;r*FvmrSeforQ tpOfxm0& canmif;Ekdifap&ef
qkawmif;ygaMumif; jznfph u G af &;xm;ao;w,f/
tJ olUrdwfaqGMuD;qkdwm b,foljzpfrvJ? tef&Jh taryJaygh/
'gaMumihf
tef[m rpöuftdwfcfukda&m olUtar&Jh rSwfom;p&m pum;awG
ukda&m b,fawmhrS rarhawmhbl;wJh/
n
rdbvkyfauR; Muufwla&G;
awmifuek ;f wpfuek ;f xdyrf mS yk;d pmyifawG trsm;MuD;aygufwhJ awmi,fav;

wpfawm&dSw,f/ Muufwla&G; usufpm;wJhawmaygh/ Muufwla&G;awGudk
Muufwal &G;bk&ifeYJ bk&ifru tkycf sKyfw,f/
Muufwla&G; bk&ifeJY bk&ifrrSm tiffrwefvSywJh Muufwla&G;
om;i,fav;wpfaumif&w Sd ,f/ ol[m urÇmay:rSm &Sw d hJ Muufwal &G;tm;vk;H
xuf ykdvSw,f/
aeY &uf v ESpf awG ukefvGefvmwmeJYtrQ Muufwla&G; bk&ifeJY
bk&ifr[m touft&G,af wG tkrd if;&ifah &mfvmMuw,f/ wpfcsdew f nf;rSm
Muufwal &G;om;i,fuav;uvnf; aumif;jcif;t*FgtjzmjzmeJY usuo f a&
&d&S Sd t&G,af &mufvmcJw
h ,f/ urÇmwpf0ef;vk;H u Muufwal &G;awGeYJ r,SOo f m
avmufatmif oefrmxGm;usKdif;vmw,f/
Muufwal &G;av;u wpfaeYrmS rdbESpyf g;udk ½k½d adk oao ajymjyw,f/
]cspfvSpGmaom rdbESpfyg; cifAsm;/ tck uRefawmf t&G,fa&mufygjyD/
tm;tifjynfhjzdK;jyD; tNrJwrf;BuHhckdif oefpGrf;aeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rdb
ESpfyg;twGuf v,fuGif;awGxJoGm; tpm&SmcGifhjyKygawmh}
rdbawGu cGifhjyKvdkufw,f/ 'Dawmh ol[m Muufwla&G;tkyfeJY
pyg;awG atmifjrifvw S hJ v,fuiG ;f awGxo J mG ; tpm&Smw,f/ v,fuiG ;f xJ
a&mufwmeJY ol t0pm;w,f/ 0wJhtcg rdbESpfyg;twGuf pyg;ESH
tajrmuftjrm;udk EIwfoD;eJYtjynfh udkufcsDjyefcJhw,f/
wpfaeYawmh olygwJh Muufwal &G;tky[ f m yxrv,fxuf ydak tmifjrif
wJh v,fuiG ;f vSvMS uD;wpfcu k kd awGYMuw,f/ olwYkd wjcm; b,fv,fuiG ;f
udrk S roGm;Muawmhb'J v D ,fuiG ;f vSvMS uD;xJrmS om aeYpOf tpmpm;Muw,f/
'D v,fuGif;rSm tapmifhwpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ tapmydkif;&ufawG
rSmawmh v,fapmifu h Muufwal &G;awGukd bmrS rvkyb f ;l ? Munfyh aJ ew,f/
'gayrJh aeYpOf&ufquf vmvmpm;MuwmMumawmh ]tif; rjzpfacsawmhb;l ?
igh v,f&iS u f kd ajymjyrS jzpfawmhr,f? bmrSrvky&f if pyg;awG ukeo f mG ;vdrhf
r,f}vdkY awG;jyD; v,f&Sifudk csufcsif;oGm;ajymjyvdkufw,f/
]ocif? uRefawmfwdkYv,fu ajrodyfaumif;w,f? 'gaMumifh

wjcm; v,fawGupyg;xuf ydkatmifjrifw,f? pyg;aphwdkif;[m xGm;jyD;
vSyMuw,f? tck uRefawmfwdkYv,fxJ Muufwla&G;tkyf aeYpOfususvm
w,f / 'D t k y f x J r S m tvS q H k ; Muuf w l a &G ; wpf a umif u d k uRef a wmf
owdxm;rdw,f? ol[m v,fxJrSm t0pm;&Hkwif tm;r&EdkifyJ jyefwJhtcg
EIwo f ;D eJY pyg;EStH rsm;MuD;udu
k u
kd cf so
D mG ;ygao;w,f? uReaf wmfwYkd 'Dtwdik ;f
vufyu kd Mf unfah evdYk rjzpfawmhb;l xifw,f}
v,f&Sifu ]pyg;ESHtajrmuftjrm; o,f o,f oGm;w,fqdkwJh
Muufwla&G;av;udk rdatmifaxmifzrf;? wpfck&Sdw,f? rd&if rowfeJY?
ighqD t&Sif,lvmcJh}
aemufaeYrSmyJ v,fapmifhu axmifacsmufcsw,f/ rMumcif
Muufwla&G;tkyf ysHqif;vmw,f/ a[m v,f&SifvdkwJh Muufwla&G;av;
axmifacsmufrSmrdoGm;jyD/ Mo tawmfqef;ygvm;/ Muufwla&G;uav;
£ajE´vHk;0rysufygvm;/ txdwfwvefYtrlt&mrsdK;vnf; wpdk;wpdrS
ray:bl;/ tif; xl;awmhxl;aejyD/ aMomf 'Dvdkav/ Muufwla&G;av;rSm
tawG;wpfck 0ifvmwmudk;/ ig atmfvdkuf&if ig axmifacsmufrSm
rdjyDqwkd m igtazmfawG odomG ;Mur,f? odomG ;&if aMumuf&UHG xdwv f efYjzpfjyD;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
pyg;awGudk pm;Muawmhr,f r[kwfbl;/ olwdkY tpm;0csdefavmufrSmyJ ig

olwdkYtultnDac:awmhr,fqdkwJh tawG;yJaygh/
uJ ckavmufqdk ightaygif;taz:awG 00vifvifpm;jyD;MujyDxif&JU/
'DawmhrS olu atmfjyD; tultnDawmif;vdkufw,f/ 'gayrJh wpfaumifrS
olYtem; uyfrvmMubl;? aMumufvefYwMum;eJY wpfaumifrusefysHajy;
Muw,f/
tultnDrJh txD;usefjzpfJ&jyDvdkY cHpm;vdkuf&wmeJY Muufwla&G;av;
orf;enf;yufvuf ½IdufMuD;wiif csHK;yGJcs idkawmhw,f/
]ig olwdkYtay: b,fwkef;urS raumif;pdwf rxm;cJhzl;ygbl;?
bmaMumifh olwYkd ighuykd pfxm;cJ&h ufMuwmvJ} vdYk Muufwal &G;av;rcsw
d ifuJ
awG;rdw,f/
rMumcif v,fapmifha&mufvmw,f/ oluawmh Muufwla&G;
rdaewmudk jrifvdkuf&ifyJ tm;&0rf;omjzpfoGmw,f/ csufcsif; zrf;,l
vdkufw,f/
]at;? odyf[efusayghuGm? ig zrf;csifwmuvnf; rif;rS rif;ygyJ} vdkY
ausauseyfeyfMuD; ajymvdu k jf yefw,f/ aemufawmh v,fapmif[ h mv,f&iS q
f D
ta&muf cyfokwfokwf xGufvmcJhw,f/
v,f&iS q f t
D a&mufrmS v,f&iS uf Muufwal &G;av;udk vufEpS zf ufeYJ
nifnifomom vSrf;,lw,f/
]iSufuav;? rif;rSm v,fuGufuav;wpfckrsm; &Sdaeovm;?
igh v,fxu J pyg;ESaH wGukd rif;EIwo
f ;D eJYtjynfch sDjyD; tJ'D v,fuu
G x
f rJ mS
oGm;odrf;qnf;xm;ovm;? rif;u aeYwdkif; ighpyg;ESHawG EIwfoD;eJYtjynfh
o,fo,f oGm;w,fqdk? rif;odyfudkqdk;wJh iSufuav;yJ}
'Dawmh Muufwla&G;av;u csdKcsdKomomyJ&Sif;jyw,f/
0wÅ&m;wpfc?k ausyGerf t I wGuf
uREykf af eYpOf xrf;aqmif\/
&wemypönf; odkrSD;avSmifxm;
oif odem;vnfygbd/
]aMomf 'Dvdkvm;? [kwfygjyDav? 'gayrJh &Sif;jyprf;ygOD;? oifaeYpOf

ausausyGefyGefxrf;aqmifaewmu b,fvdk 0wÅ&m;vJ? odkavSmifwm;wJh
&wemqdkwmua&m bmawGrsm;vJ Muufwla&G;av;&,f}
]0wÅ&m;qdkwmu touft&G,f MuD;&ifhjyDjzpfvdkY tpma&pmudk

ysHoef;r&SmazGEdkifMu&SmwJh uREfkyf rdbESpfyg;twGuf]uREfkyfaeYpOf tpm&Sm
xGufjcif;}ygyJ/ &wemqdkwmuawmh ]cspfjcif;arwÅm awm0em} ygyJ/
tJ'Dcspfjcif;arwÅm awm0emxJrSm tm;enf;olrsm;udk tm;om;olawGu
ulnaD xmufyMhH uw,f? rGwo f yd q
f mavmiforl sm;udk tpma&pmay;Muw,f}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
Muufwla&G;av;pum;Mum;vkduf&awmh v,f&SifMuD; odyfudk tm;&

auseyfoGm;w,f/ yDwd,kdzdwfvmw,f/
]rGefjrwfvSygw,f toifMuufwla&G;av;/ igh&Jh v,fuGif;[m
uaeYupjyD; oifwkdYtm;vkH; ykdifqkdifMuwJh v,fuGif;jzpfoGm;ygjyD/ uJ
oifhudk apmifharQmfaeMur,fh rdtkdztkdrsm;xH vGwfvyfaysmf&TifpGm ysHoef;yg
avawmh/ 'gayrJh ighv,fxJukd aeYpOf rysufruGuf vmcJhygaemf}
Muufwla&G;av; ysHxGufoGm;w,f/ olUawmtkyf jyefta&mufrSm
wjcm; Muufwla&G;awG tm;vkH; 0kdif;tkHvmMuw,f/ olwkdYukd Muufwla&G;
av;u jzpfaMumif;ukepf if jyefajymjyw,f/
tJ'DaeYupjyD; 'DawmxJrSm&dSMuwJh Muufwla&G;awGtm;vkH; ykdjyD;
pkpkpnf;pnf; &dSvmMuw,f/ ykdjyD;vnf; aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhvmMuw,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
y½d k q myD e mav;&J U jzpf a Mumif ; uk e f p if
ewfzk&m;rawG trsm;MuD;xJu cspfp&mtaumif;qHk; ewfzk&m;ruawmh

]pD;&D;pf} yJ/ ol[m v,f,majrudkapmifhMuyfwJh ewfzk&m;raygh/ *&dawGu
olYudk ]'rD;wm} vdkY ac:Muw,fav/ vlom;awGtwGuf toHk;0ifwJh
oD;ESHyifawG &SifoefzGHUjzdK;atmif ajrMuD;uae opfoD;awG? yef;refawG?
pdr;f vef;pdak jywJth yifawG aygufzmG ; &Sio
f efvmatmif oluyJ zefw;D ay;wm
jzpfw,f/ ajrMuD;xJrSm cspdkufvdkufwJh rsdK;aphuav;wpfaphudk olu
apmifhMuyfw,f? *½kpdkufw,f/ tañSmufuav;awG xGufvmjyDqdk&if
tjrJrjywf owdxm;Munfhaew,f/ 'DtañSmufuav;awG xGm;usdKif;
oefprG ;f wJt h yifb0a&mufjyD; toD;tESaH umif;awG oD;yGizhf Ydk arSmyf nmeJUvnf;
zefwD; ay;ao;w,f/
pD;&D;pfrSm tifrwefvSwJh orD;i,fav; ]y½dkqmyDem} &Sdw,f/
*&dawGuawmh 'DorD;i,fav;udk ]ygqDzkef;} vdkY cspfpEdk;ac:Muw,f/
pD;&D;pfu orD;i,fuav;udk tonf;epfatmifcspfw,f/ orD;i,fav;
uvnf; ol tvkyfvkyf&mrSm tjrJulnDw,f r[kwfvm;/
y½dq k myDemav;u awmawmifxrJ mS aeMuwJh ewforD;uav;awGeYJ
upm;&wmudk odyrf ufarmw,f/ olYrcd if&yfa0;xGu?f aumufyifrsdK;aphawG
&SifoefzGYHjzdK;atmif apmifhMuyfjyKpkaecsdefrsdK;qdk&if y½dkqmyDemav;[m olY
taygif;taz:awGeYJ awmxJawmifxv J n S v hf nfjyD; aysmfaMumif;&Smaeawmh
wmyJ? 'Dawmhaysmaf Mumif;&SmaewJw h pfaeYrmS y½dq k myDemav; xl;qef;wJjh zpf&yf
wpfcek YJ &ifqikd w f ;kd vdu
k &f w,f/
y½dkqmyDemav;[m tazmfewforD;awGeJY yef;pHkaygwJh ]atoDem}
awmifapmif;rSm oDcsif;awGqdkjyD; jrL;wl;aew,f/ uckefaew,f/ uckef
jyD;awmh taygif;taz:awGeYJ cjJG yD; [d;k cyfvrS ;f vSr;f u jrufcif;pdr;f pdr;f ay:rSm
pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf avQmufoGm;aejyefw,f/ 'Dtcdkufta&mifrsdK;pHkaewJh
yef;yifv,fMuD;udak wGYvYkd ol yef;wpfyiG u hf kd vSr;f cl;w,f/ tñSmucdik v f eG ;f
awmh awmfawmfeYJc;l r&bl;/tm;ukepf u kd cf ;l vdu k af wmhrS tjrpfyg uRwx f u G jf yD;
ygvmw,f/ tjrpfuRwfxGufvmwJhae&mrSm wGif;MuD;vdk jzpfusef&pfw,f
av/
wGi;f MuD;udo k l ai;Munfah epOfrmS yJ ol arSmt f wwfeYJ jyKpm;cHvukd &f jyD
qdkwm odvdkuf&w,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh wGif;u wpfp wpfp MuD;MuD;
vmwmudk;/ wGif;MuD;[m aemufqHk;awmh vdkPf*lMuD;wpfck&JU t0MuD;vkd
jzpfvmw,fav/
aemufawmh &ifxw d pf &meJY qufwu kd Mf uHK&awmhwmyJ/ cyfa0;a0;u
rdk;jcdrf;vdkufovdk ay:xGufvmwJh wkef[D;oHMuD;udkMum;&w,f/ wpfcsdef
wnf;rSm wGif;0uae cHHhnm;xnf0gvGef;vSwJh a&Tjrif;&xm;MuD; bGm;ceJ
xGufvmw,f/ tzdk;wef&wemawGeJY ae&mrvyf rGrf;rHpDjc,fxm;vdkY
a&Tjrif;&xm;MuD;[m 0if;vufaew,f/ ta&mifawG wzswfzswfxGuf
aew,f/ 'Da&Tjrif;&xm;MuD;udk aMumufp&m jrif;eufMuD;av;aumifu
qGJMuw,f/
a&Tjrif;&xm;MuD;ay:rSmawmh ajratmufurÇm&JUbk&if ]yvlwdk}
jyHK;jyHK;MuD;xdik af ew,f/yvlw[ kd m tifrwefx;l qef;wJh ewfb&k m;wpfyg;aygh/
tom;ta&u eufarSmifaex,f/ qHyifawG rsufvHk;awGqdkwmvnf;
rnf;eufaewmyJ/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
yvlwdku odyfvnf; csrf;omMuG,f0w,fav/ Oy"d½kyfuvnf;

tifrwefUudk cefYnm;w,f/ olY ajratmufurÇmrSm tHMop&maumif;wJh
&wem tajrmuftjrm; &Sdw,f/ 'gayrJh olUrSm MuifazmfrJhaew,fav/
&mZyv’ifxufrSm oleJY twl,SOfwGJxdkifzdkY tacsmtvSbk&ifrwpfyg;vdkae
w,faygh/ urÇmajray:rSm&SdMuwJh tacsmqHk;? tvSqHk; rdef;rysdKawGtaeeJY
yvlwdkudk bmrS jiif;p&mrvdkayr,fh aea&mifrJh? yef;refrJh? ajratmuf
urÇmarSmifMuD; rnf;rnf;xJrSmawmh raecsifMubl;/ 'gaMumifh yvlwdku
olUtpfuMkd uD; *sLyDwmudk Muifazmf&a&; vSr;f tultnDawmif;&awmhw,f/
*sLyDwm[m cGeftm;Av MuD;rm;w,f/ tdkvHypf awmifawmf&JU
*kPaf &mifajymifwhJ bk&ifMuD;vnf; jzpfw,f/
nDawmfarmifu tultnDawmif;cHwJhtcg olu pD;&Dpf&JU orD;
uav;udk owdkYorD;tjzpf ydkYaqmifay;vkdufr,fvdkY uwday;w,f/
ckjzpf&yfawG[m 'Duwd&UJ uGi;f qufawGy/J
y½dqk myDemav;u yvlwu kd kd rsufv;kH av;awG uv,f uv,feUJ
ai;pdu k Mf unfah e&&SmjyD/ &ifwvSyv f yS f jzpfae&&SmjyD/
yvlwu kd oluav;udak jratmufurÇmueef;awmfMuD;qDac:oGm;jyD;
twlaeMur,fvYkd ajymw,f/
'Dawmh y½dkqmyDemav; xdwfxdwfysmysmjzpfoGm;jyD;
]tdk rjzpfEikd bf ;l ? uRefrbk&ifrvJ rjzpfcsifb;l ? ajratmufurÇmrSm
vJ raecsifbl;} vdkU cg;cg;oD;oD; jiif;w,f/
]'DrmS cspEf rS y½kq d myDemav;? usKyf cifAsm;av;udk ,lzYdk qk;H jzwfxm;
jyD;jyD/ *kPfa&mifajymifwJh usKyftpfukdMuD; *sLyDwmukd,fwkdif rif;uav;ukd
usKyfqyD Ydk ay;r,fvYdk uwday;cJw h m jzpfw,f/ usKyfrmS MuifazmfrahJ eygw,f
cspfErS ? usKyf&hJ ajratmufurÇm eef;awmfMuD;rSm rde;f racsm wpfa,muf
wpfavrS r&dSygbl;/ tu,fíom rif;uav;u usKyf&Jh &mZyv’ifay:rSm
usKyfeYJ twl ,SOw f x JG idk rf ,fq&dk if rif;uav;[m usKyftwGuf aejcnfwef;
uav; jzpfrSm trSefyg} vkdY pdwftm;xufxufoefoef ajymjyaew,f/
yD½q dk myDem jiif;NrJjiif;w,f/ 'gaMumifh olu rde;f rysKdtacsmtvS
uav;udk a&Tjrif;&xm;MuD;ay: ayGUwifvkdufjyD; a&Tjrif;&xm;MuD;ukd
ajratmufurÇmu olUeef;awmfMuD;ta&muf a'gowMuD; armif;xGuo f mG ;
awmhw,f/
ajratmufurÇma&mufwmeJY y½kq
d myDemav;udk &mZyv’iaf y:wif
olUMuif,mbk&ifrtjzpf xm;vkdufawmhw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
yvlwu dk oluav;udk wu,fcsp&f mS wmyg/ odyv f nf; Muifemyg

w,f/ bmwpfckrS csKyfcs,frxm;bl;/ eef;awmfMuD;xJrSm pdwfwkdif;usaezkdY
aysmfaysmfaezkdY cGifhjyKxm;w,f/ a&mifrsKd;pkHwJh 0wf½kHMuD;udkvnf; 0wfxm;
apw,f/ &wemawGnw G af eatmif qifxm;w,f/ 'gayr,f]h y½kq d myDemav;}
vkH;0 raysmfykdufbl;/ aeYpOfeJYtrQ pdwfraumif;jzpfaew,f/ 0rf;enf;
aMuuGJ aew,f/ 'DrSm raysmfbl; rdcifMuD;qD jyefykdYay;yg} vkdY tMudrfMudrf
tcgcg awmif;yefylqmw,f/ yvlwkdu cGifhrjyKbl;/
yvlwudk cspaf pwemeJY ajratmufurÇm&Jh txl;tqef; tpm;tpm

awG auR;w,f/ y½kdqmyDem vufzsm;eJYawmif rwkdYbl;/ oluav;u
ajratmufurÇmrSm b,fvkdrS &Smr&EkdifwJh ajymif;wkdY? opfoD;wkdYukd pm;csif
aewmuk;d /
orD;av; ckvdk pdwrf csr;f rom jzpfaecsed rf mS pD;&D;pf[m &yfa0;ukd
vSnfhvnf&mu jyefa&mufvmw,f/ a&mufa&mufcsif; cspfrjiD;wJh
orD;uav; aysmufjcif;rvS aysmufoGm;aMumif;? b,fol ckd;,loGm;w,f
qkwd mukv
d nf; b,forl S rod&aMumif;? Mum;odvu dk &f awmh &ifbwfpnfw;D
tylr;D cawmhwmaygh/
pD;&D;pf[m orD;av;r&dSawmh b,fvkdrS raysmfEkdifawmhbl;/

ajymif;yifawG opfoD;av;awGudk apmifhMuyfzkdY? jyKpkxdef;odrf;zkdY vkH;vkH;
pdwfrygawmhbl;/ aysmufoGm;wJh orD;av;udk rawGUawGUatmif &SmzkdYyJ
pdwaf pmaew,f/ 'gaMumifh &SmykaH wmf pzGiahf wmhw,f/ &SmazGcsdet
f awmfuh dk
MumrS orD;av;udk yvlwkd ckd;,loGm;aMumif; od&awmhw,f/
cspforD;av;ukd xm0& pGeYf vw T v

f u
dk &f jyD? b,fvrdk S jyefrawGUEkid f
awmhb;l qkw d hJ todaMumifh ykrd adk MuuG&J w,f/ ykrd q
dk Ydkeif&h w,f/ awmfawmfeYJudk
aqmufwnf&m r&Ekid cf b hJ ;l / aemufq;Hk awmh pD;&D;pfu tkv d yH pfawmifawmf
u ]]r[m*sLyDwm}} qD tjrefomG ;w,f/ orD;av; y½kq d myDemudt k jrefjyefyYdk
ay;zkYd yvlwu dk kd ajymay;ygvkYd oem;pzG,af wmif;yefw,f/ *sLyDwm taeeJYu
vnf; owkdYorD;tjzpf olUnDqD ykdYjyD;jzpfaeavawmh tcktcsdefrSm olUnD
qEéJY rqefYusifvdkawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfae&SmwJh rdcif
wpfO;D udk tultnDay;zdYk rjiif;y,fcsifygbJ jiif;y,fvu kd &f w,f/
pD;&D;pftwGuaf rQmv f ifch suu f ek of mG ;NyD/ vufavQmt h ½I;H ay;vdu
k &f NyD?
orD;av;udk vGr;f wvGe;f wJph w d ef YJ widik kd w&,f&,f jzpfae&NyD/ olvyk &f r,fh
tvkyt f m;vk;H ukv d nf;ypfxm;vdu k Nf yD/ 'Dawmh oD;ESyH ifawGrjzpfxeG ;f awmhb;l /
pm;a&&du©m &Sm;yg;vmw,f/ rMumcifrSm tiwfab; qkdufvmw,f/
qmavmifrw G o f wd af eMuolawG[m pdwv f ufrcsr;f rom jzpfae&SmwJh pD;&D;pf
qDomG ;MuNyD; oD;ESaH wG xyfrzH UHG NzdK;atmif ulnyD gOD;vdYk awmif;yefMuw,f/
]ighrmS bmrS vkycf sipf w d f r&Sad wmhb;l ? ighorD;av;udk jyefr&oa&GU
ig tjyifrxGufbl;? oD;ESHyifawGudkvnf; rapmifhMuyfawmhbl;}
'Dtaetxm;ukd *sLyDwm odoGm;w,f? 'gaMumifh vlom;rsKd;EG,f
wm&Snftiwfab; rqkduf&avatmif BuH&awmhw,f/
*sLyDwmu ewfz&k m;rsm;&JU ajcjrefawmf rmusL&Dudk ajratmufurÇm
vTwfNyD; y½dkqmyDemukd olYrdcifxH jyefvTwfvdkufzkdY yvlwdkukd trdefUay;
vduk w
f ,f/ y½dq k myDem owdjyKp&mwpfcu k ykd g rSmvdu k w f ,f/ bmvJqadk wmh
ewfrnf;BuD; yvlwdkeJYtwlaepOfrSm b,ftpm;tpmudkrS vufeJYrxdzdkYyJ/
ajcjrefawmf a&mufrvmciftxd yvlwu kd y½dq k myDemukd cgwkid ;f
xuf ykdBudK;pm; auR;arG;jyKpkw,f/ wu,fvdkY y½dkqmyDemuom pm;vdkuf
r,fqkd&if y½dkqmyDemukd oleJUb,fvkdrS cGJrjzpfawmhbl;qdkwm yvlwdk
odw,fav/ bmaMumifv h q
J akd wmh ajratmufurÇmu tpm;tpmudpk m;rdwhJ
ouf&o dS wå0gwdik ;f ajratmufurÇmrSmyJ xm0&aeoGm;&rSmuk;d / ajratmuf
urÇmu tpm;tpmukd pm;rdwJh ouf&Sdowå0gukd omrefyk*dK¾ vf rqdkxm;eJY?
cGeftm;t&m? wefcdk;t&mrSm olwumxufBuD;rm;wJh *sLyDwmaomfrS
jyefac:vdYk r&awmhb;l /
y½dqk myDemav; uHaumif;wmwpfcu k opfo;D wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukyd J ol
pm;csiaf ew,f? wjcm;bmukrd S pm;csipf w d rf &Sb d ;l / 'Dawmh olu ]opfo;D om
qkd&if uRefr 0rf;omtm;& pm;rdrSmyJ} vkdY yvlwkdukd ajymcJhzl;w,f/
'Dpum;ukdOmPfeDOmPfeufrsm;vGef;wJh yvlwdk trSwf&NyD; opfoD;tcsKdU
&SmazG,v l mzdYk ajcjrefawmfwpfO;D ukd ajrurÇmvTwv f ukd wf ,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
cufwmu pD;&D;pf b,fukdrSrxGuf? bmrSrvkyfawmh bmtoD;rS

r&Sb
d ;l aygh? cufcufccJ &J mS azGawmhrS t&nfcef;vkvjk zpfaewJh ovJo;D ajcmuf
uav; wpfvkH;yJawGUw,f/
'DovJoD;ajcmufuav;ukdyJ y½dkqmyDemav;u 0rf;omtm;&

tmomirf;irf;vSrf;,lNyD; ovJaph av;aphukd pm;vkdufw,f/
'Dtcsderf mS yJ rmusL&Da&mufvmvdYk olYudk rdcifewfz&k m;r pD;&D;pfqD
jyefyYdk awmhr,ftaMumif; odvu kd &f w,f/
y½dkqmyDemav;[m ovJaphav;aphudk pm;vdkufNyDqdkwm yvlwdk
odw,f/ 'gaMumifh pm;vdkufwJh ovJaphwpfaphtwGuf y½dkqmyDem[m
ajratmufurÇmrSm wpfvae&r,fvdkY olu aMujimvkdufw,f/ 'gaMumifh
pm;rdvdkufwJh ovJaph av;aphtwGuf y½dkqmyDem[m ajratmufurÇmrSm
av;vae&&Smw,f/
wpfESpf&JU aejcnfjzmwJh &SpfvrSm y½dkqmyDemav; ajrurÇmrSm
aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT f ae&w,f/ useaf v;vrSmawmh ajratmufurÇm&JU bk&ifrBuD;
tjzpf yvlwekd YJ twlae&w,fav/
n
arwåm&Sif bk&ifBuD;
[kd; a&S;a&S;tcgu ]pDtdkif} trnf&SdwJh tifrwefrS BuD;jrwfvSwJh bk&if

wpfyg;&SdcJhw,f/ ol[m bmomw&m;rSm tvGeftrif; ukdif;½dIif;w,f/
ouf0if,MHk unfw,f/ ay;urf;pGeYf BuJ&mrSm &ufa&mw,f/ ,kMH unfu;dk pm;
xkdufw,f/ owå0gtm;vkH;ukd Muifemoem;wwfw,f/ 'Dt&nftaoG;?
'D*P
k yf 'k af wGaMumifyh ]J BuD;jrwfvw
S Jh bk&if}tjzpf owfrw
S cf &H jcif;jzpfw,f/
ol ykdifqdkifxm;wJh *kPfyk'fawG[m tHhzG,fo&JrdkY &yfeD;&yfa0;u wd&pämef
awGuawmif 'Dbk&ifBuD;&JU arwåm&dyf cdkvIHEkdifzkdYtcGifhta&;ukd apmihfvifhae
Muw,f/
wpfaeYawmh t&Sif tifj'm[m bk&ifBuD;ukd prf;oyfvv kd w
S thJ wGuf
olUuk,d o f l aMumufp&maumif;whJ odr;f iSuBf uD;toGif zefqif;vdu k w f ,f/
wjcm; ewfz&k m;wpfyg;jzpfwhJ ]zmrm} ukd cdw k pfaumiftoGif zefqif;cdik ;f NyD;
a&SUu ysHcdkif;w,f/ NyD;rS olu aemufu vkdufzrf;w,f/
cdkuav;[m bk&ifBuD; pDtkdifqD ta&mufysHoef;NyD; olYukd tum

tuG,f ay;EdkifwJh bk&ifBuD; vufarmif;xufrSm em;vdkufw,f/
wpfNydKiw
f nf;vdv k ykd J odr;f iSuBf uD;uvnf; bk&ifBuD;tem;xk;d qif;
vdu
k Nf yD;
]bk&ifBuD;? oifv
h ufarmif;xufrmS em;aewJh ck[ d m uREyfk &f UJ tpmjzpf
w,f? uREkfyfuvnf; avmavmq,frSm odyfudk qmavmifaew,f/ tpm
rpm;&&if aorSmtrSeyf ?J uREyfk af owmeJYywfoufNyD; bk&ifBuD; ya,m*ruif;
jzpfaeyghr,f? 'gaMumifh cdkukday;ygvdkY uREkfyf awmif;yefvdkw,f} vdkY
awmif;qdkvmw,f/
'Dawmh bk&ifBuD;u
]'Dowå0gav;[m usKyf&UJ tumtuG,&f zdYk usKyfqD vmcJyh gw,f?
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
usKyf olYukdawmhray;Edkifbl;? 'gayr,fh oifhtoufukdvJ usKyf u,fq,f

vdyk gw,f? 'gaMumifrh Ykd cdek YJ tav;csdecf sif;wlrQwJh b,fvt kd om;rsKd;ukrd qdk
oifa&G;cs,yf g? uREyfk f oifq h E´jynfah tmif jznfph rG ;f ay;yghr,f}vdYk ajymjyw,f/
'Dtcg odrf;iSufBuD;u
]aMomf 'Dvdkvm;? aumif;NyDav? uREkfyf bk&ifBuD;&JU tom;ukdyJ
a&G;r,f} vdkY rqdkif;rwG ajzvdkufw,f/
bk&ifBuD; vkH;0 rwkefvIyfbl;? £aNE´rysufbl;? csdefcGifwpfckudk
,lvmapw,f/ csdefcGifa&mufvmwmeJYwpfzufrSm cdkuav;ukdxnfhw,f/
usefwpfzufxJukdawmh olYcE¨mukd,fu tom;pkdifawG vSD;jzwfxnfhw,f/
'gayr,fh tom;pkid af wG xyf xyf xnfah v cku d ydBk uD;rm;vmNyD; av;yifvm
avyJ? 'geJY aemufqkH;rSmawmh bk&ifBuD;ukd,fwdkif csdefcGifcGufxJ 0if&yf
aevdu k w
f ,f/
'DtcsdefrSmyJ aumif;uifbkHxJu ewfzk&m;&JU toHawmfukd Mum;
vdu k &f w,f/
]om"k om"k om"k? tckryS J tav;csed cf si;f wu,fu h kd nDrQomG ;ay
awmhw,f}
om"kac:oH qkH;wmeJYwpfNydKifeuf t&Siftifj'meJY zmrmwkdY[m
odr;f iSuef YJ ct
kd oGiaf wG azsmufvu kd Nf yD; rlvtoGiaf wG jyef,v l u kd Mf uw,f/
NyD;awmh bk&ifBuD;&JU a&SUarSmufrSm NyHK;NyHK;&Tif&Tif tm;&auseyfpGm &yf vdkuf
Muw,f/ olwkdYuyJ bk&ifBuD; cE¨mudk,fay:u 'Pf&m'PfcsufawGudk
ukpm;ay;Muw,f/ 'Pf&m'PfcsufawG aysmufoGm;wJhtcg bk&ifBuD;ukd
aumif;csD;ay;NyD; uG,faysmufoGm;Muawmhw,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
atmfzD;,yfpf
[kd a&S;a&S;wke;f u *&dEidk if rH mS tifrwef emrnfBuD;vSwhJ *Dworm;uav;
wpfOD;&SdowJh/ olYtrnfu atmfzD;,yfpf wJh/ ol oDqdkwD;cwfvdkufwJh
*DwoH[m opfyifawG? ausmufaqmif ausmufwkH;awGukdawmif qGJaqmif
EkdifowJh/ vrf;avQmuf&if; apmif;ukd wD;cwfoGm;whJtcg opfyifawG?
ausmufaqmifausmufwkH;awGu OD;nTwfMuw,f/ om;&Jwd&pämefawGu
vnf; olYaemufrSm waumufaumufvdkufaeMuw,f/ 'gwifrubl;?
aumufuspfpOf;vJolawmif olY*DwoH Mum;vdkuf&wJhtcg raumif;pdwf
awGyaysmufNyD; cPwm edAmÁ efbaHk &mufaeMuw,fvYkd cHpm;Mu&owJ/h
tJ'D *Dworm;uav; atmfzD;,yfpfrSm i,f&G,fvSywJh ZeD;onf
uav; ],l½dkif;'pfpf} &Sdw,f/ atmfzD;,yfpf[m *DwukdcspfwmrSefw,f/
'gayrJY ZeD;onfuav; ,l½ikd ;f 'pfpu f dk ydck spo
f wh/J olYrmS 'DcspZf eD;uav;u
vGJNyD; wjcm; taygif;tazmfr&Sdbl;/ ol[m cspfZeD;uav;&JUab;rSmxkdifNyD;
apmif;ukd tonf;cdkufatmif wD;jyaeavh&Sdw,f/ 'DtcgrsKd;rSm ,l½dkif;'pfpf
uav;uvnf; rvIyfr,Suf NidrfNidrfuav; em;axmifaewwfw,f/ *Dw
a&,mOfaMumrSm epfarsmNyD; t&m&mukd arhaewwfw,f/
wpfaeY ,l½ikd ;f 'pfp[ f m taygif;tazmfawGeYJ yef;cl;xGuo f mG ;w,f/
csKaH y:u yef;wpfyiG u
hf dk vSr;f cl;r,ftvkyf csKx H u
J a>rwpfaumifxu G v f mNyD;
,l½dkif;'pfpf&JU ajcaxmufukd ukdufvdkufw,f/ ,l½dkif;'pfpfuav; tJ'D
ae&mrSmcsufcsif;yJ aoqk;H oGm;&Smw,f/
twl&adS ewJt h aygif;tazmfawG ajcrudik rf d vufrukid rf d jzpfomG ;Mu
&w,f/ 0rf;enf;aMuuGJpGmeJY idka<u;Muw,f/ aemufqkH;rSm ,l½dkif;'pfpf&JU
tavmif;ukd atmfz;D ,yfpt f rd t f a&muf o,f,cl MhJ uw,f/ cspZf eD;uav;&JU
tjzpfqkd;ukd atmfzD;,yfpf b,fvdkrS arhaysmufvdkY r&bl;/ b,fvkdrS
vnf;rajzodrfhEdkifcJhbl;/ ½l;rwwfcHpm;&&Smw,f/ wpfcgwpf&H pdwfajyvdk
ajyjim; oabmeJY apmif;ukd aumufwD;Munfhrdw,f/ 'gayrJh apmif;oHu
olYem;rSm rcsdKjrawmhovdk jzpfaew,f/ apmif;oHukdMum;&wJh iSufawG?
om;&Jwd&pämefawGrSmawmh atmfzD;,yfpftwGuf aMuuGJ0rf;enf;vmMuNyD;
idak <u;Muawmhrvdk jzpfaeMuwmaygh/
atmfz;D ,yfp[ f m cspfZeD;uav;twGuf tNrJwrf; idn k nf;wrf;w
ae&Smw,f/ vGr;f pdwef YJ wpfaeYwpfjcm; aoG;om;awG qkw, f w k v
f mw,f/
ydefcsKH;vmw,f/ aemufqkH;awmh ol[m aorif;EdkifiHta&mufoGm;NyD;
,l½dkif;'pfpfukd &SmazGzkdY qkH;jzwfvkdufw,f/ aorif;EdkifiHoGm;&mvrf;rSm
r&PjrpfBuD;u umqD;aejyefw,f/
'DjrpfrmS ]csm&Ge}f u ul;wkYdorm;? yxrawmh olu atmfz;D ,yfpu f kd
jrpfwpfzufurf;ykdYay;zkdY tjyif;txefjiif;w,f/ 'DtcgrSm atmfzD;,yfpf
uapmif;ukd vGr;f vGr;f aqG;aqG; wD;cwfvu dk wf ,f/ apmif;oHMum;vdu k wf meJY
ul;wkYdorm;&JUcufxefrmausmvSwEhJ v S ;Hk om;[m t&nfaysmo f mG ;awmhw,f/
atmfz;D ,yfpu f dk rykYd ay;bJ raeEdik af wmhb;l aygh/
wpfzufurf;a&mufjyefawmhvnf;tcuftcJ?twm;tqD;u rukef
ao;bl;/ aorif;EdkifiHt0ifrSm tifrweftEå&m,fBuD;vSwJh acgif;okH;vkH;eJY
acG;BuD;ukd ol &ifqidk &f w,f/ ajrapmfew H v hJ o l m;ukd jrifvu
dk &f ifyJ acG;BuD;[m
a'goxGuNf yD; cket f yk zf YkdBudK;pm;awmhw,f/ 'gayrJh atmfz;D ,yfp[ f m apmif;ukd
wD;cwfjyvdu k wf ,f/ 'DtcgrSm aMumufp&mtvGeaf umif;vSwhJ acG;BuD;[m
atmfzD;,yfpf ajc&if;rSm 0yfpif;oGm;awmhw,f/ aemufNyD; acG;BuD;u
atmfzD;,yfpf&JU vufawGukd vQmeJYvsufNyD; cspfcif[efjyw,f/
aemufqkH;rSm atmfzD;,yfpf[m aorif;EdkifiH bk&ifBuD; yvlwkd&JU
eef;awmfx0J ifEikd cf whJ ,f/ eef;awmfxaJ &mufwt hJ cg ovGeaf y:rSmxkid af eMuwJh
bk&ifBuD; yvlwekd YJ bk&ifrBuD; y½dq k mykid ;f udk awGUjrif&w,f/ olYujdk rifawmh
bk&ifBuD;eJY bk&ifrBuD;wkdY[m odyftHhtm;oifhNyD; pum;awmif rajymEdkif
Muawmhbl;/ 'gayrJh atmfzD;,yfpfuawmh csdKjrwJh*DweJY aMuuGJp&m
ZmwfaMumif;udk jyefajymjyvdkufw,f/ 'DtcgrSm bk&ifBuD;eJY bk&ifrBuD;
wdYk vnf; 0rf;enf;vmNyD; ½du I Bf uD;wiif ikad <u;Muw,f/ atmfz;D ,yfpt f ay:
oem;pdwf 0ifvmMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh atmfzD;,yfpfawmif;whJqk jynfhap
&r,f/ ,l½dkif;'pfpfukd vlYjynf jyefac:cGifhjyKr,fvdkY uwday;Muw,f/
'gayrJah orif;Edik if H tjyifbuf ra&mufrcsi;f aemufjyefvn S rhf Munhzf Ydkawmh
txl;owday;vdkufw,f/
atmfz;D ,yfpf odyaf ysmfomG ;&NyDaygh/ ol[m &Ti&f iT yf sys MunfMunf
El;El;eJY aorif;EdkifiH bk&ifBuD;xHyg;rS pwif xGufcGmvmcJhw,f/ ,l½dkif;
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'pfpu f av;vnf; wdww f w

d qf w d q f wd u f av; aemufu vku d cf whJ ,faygh/
atmfzD;,yfpf[m rnf;arSmifNyD; aumufauGYwhJvrf;Mum;awGukd jzwfausmf
vmcJw h ,f/ aemufq;Hk aorif;Edik if &H UJ txGuw f cH g;BuD;em;a&mufvmcJw h ,f/
'Dtcg olu ,l½dkif;'pfpfuav; ygvm rvm odcsifaZmeJY vSnfhMunfhvdkuf
rdw,f/ csufcsif;yJ ,l½dkif;'pfpfuav; uG,faysmufoGm;yga&m/
ol[m aorif;EdkifiH bk&ifBuD;qDjyefoGm;zkdY BudK;pm;w,f/ 'gayrJh
ratmifjrifawmhb;l / 'Dvekd YJ r&Pjrpfurf;rSm ckepf&ufv;Hk vk;H ukeq f ;Hk cJ&h w,f/
tpmvnf; rpm;bl;? tdyfvnf; rtdyfbl;/ &Spf&ufajrmufaeYusrS
ol[m pdwfESvkH; n§dK;csKH;pGmeJY vSnfhjyefcJhw,f/
wu,fawmh ,l½dkif;'pfpf r&SdwhJ urÇmrSm olYtwGuf aysmfp&m
wpfuGufrS r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh tifrwefjrifhrm;wJh awmifxdyfay:wufNyD;
iSufuav;awG? opfyifuav;awG? om;&Jwd&pämefawGeJYyJ aevdkufawmh
w,f/ iSufuav;awGuvnf; om,mcsdKjrwJh apmif;oHukd em;axmif&vdkY
aus;Zl;wkYH jyefwt hJ aeeY atmfz;D ,yfpu f dk ESpo
f rd Mhf uw,f/
wpfaeY atmfz;D ,yfp[ f m t½l;rwpfou dk ef YJ &ifqikd w
f ;dk w,f/ t½l;r
awGu oDcsif;wpfyk'fwD;jyzkdY olYukd ½dkif;½dkif;ysys cdkif;Muw,f/ 'gaMumifh
olurwD;jybl;/ 'Dawmh t½l;rawGu a'goxGufvmNyD; olYukd ausmufcJ
awGeJY aygufMuw,f/ atmfzD;,yfpfcrsm tJ'Dae&mrSmyJ aoyGJ0ifoGm;&&Sm
w,f/ t½l;rawGu atmfzD;,yfpftavmif;udk acsmif;i,f wpfckxJ ypfcs
vkdufMuw,f/ atmfzD;,yfpf raocif aemufqkH;a&&GwfoGm;wmuawmh
],l½dkif;'pfpf ,l½dkif;'pfpf} qkdwJH trnfuav;yJ jzpfw,fav/ atmfzD;,yfpf
aoqkH;oGm;wJhtcg iSufawG? opfyifawG? om;&Jwd&pämefawG ausmufwkH;
ausmufaqmifawGu idka<u;Muw,f/ olwdkYcspfwJh atmfzD;,yfpfukd qkH;½IH;
vdu k &f vdYk tm;vk;H u 0rf;enf;rqk;H ,lBuHK;r&jzpfaeMu&NyDaygh/
a[m tckawmhvnf; ul;wkdYorm; csm&Gef[m atmfzD;,yfpfukd
r&Pjrpfwpfzufurf;ta&muf 0rf;yef;wom ydkYay;vdkufNyDav/ aorif;
EkdifiHrSm ,l½dkif;'pfpfukd atmfzD;,yfpf jyefawGU&NyD/ terf;rkd;awG &GmrqkH;NyD/
b,fawmhrS cG&J awmhrmS r[kwb f ;l qkw
d hJ tawG;eJU cspfoEl pS Of ;D MunfE;l rqk;H
0rf;omrqk;H aygh/
n
puú L vk y f o l u av;
[kd a&S;a&S;wke;f u w½kwjf ynfrmS ],dq k if;} qkw

d hJ rde;f rysKu
d av;wpfa,muf
&SdcJhw,f/ odMuwJhtwkdif;yJ w½kwfvlrsKd;awG[m vSywJh ydk;xnfawGudk
&ufvkyfEdkifMuw,f/ txnfrsm;ukd tifrwefcdkifcefYwJh aq;a&mifqkd;Edkif
Muw,f/ 'ghtjyif odyfEkwJh ajrcGuf? ajryef;uefvSvSav;awGudkvJ
vkyw f wfMuw,f/ puúKvyk w f t
hJ wwfeYJ puúLay:rSm yef;csaD &;wJyh nm&yfawG
ukdawmhw½kwfvlrsKd;awGu txl;vQdKU0Sufxm;Muw,fav/
,dkqif;&JUzcif[m txufwef;vTmwpfOD;jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh
{nfhrsm;w,f/ ,dkqif;uav;u vmorQ {nfhonfrsm;udk O,smOfxJu
{nfch ef;aqmifrmS {nf0h wfjyK&w,f/ {nfch &H w,f/
O,smOfab;em;rSm tifrwefMunfvifwhJ prf;acsmif;uav;&Sw d ,f/
prf;a&pD;oHu csKd jraew,f/ prf;acsmif;uav; 0J,mrSmawmh opfyifBuD;i,f
awGu tkyt f yk q
f idk ;f qkid ;f aygufvYkdaygh/ wu,fu h o dk m,mNyD; csppf &maumif;
wJh ae&myJaygh/
,dq k if;[m {nfch ef;aqmifxrJ mS {nfch aH e&ayr,fh olY pdwu f awmh
odypf nfum;wJh aps;vrf;rBuD;qD a&mufaew,f/ aps;vrf;rBuD;wpfavQmuf
u qkdifawG? tJ'DqkdifawGaemufu tarSmifcef;uav;awGxJrSmaexkdifNyD;
tvkyfvkyfMu&wJhvlawGukd jrifa,mif aerdw,f/ olY tjriftm½kHxJrSm
vlawG[rdk S onfrS O'[ko d mG ;vmvIy&f mS ;aeMuw,f/ olYwYkd 0wfxm;wmu
a&mifpkH ykd;om;tusÐawG r[kwfbl;/ Murf;wrf;wJh tjyma&mifcsnftusÐ
awGom jzpfw,f/ vSn;f wGe;f aeMuwJh ulvaD wGuv dk nf; oljrifae&w,f/
aps;onfawGuawmh wpmpmatmf[pfNyD; olwkdY&JU ukefypönf;ukd a&mif;cs
aeMuw,f/
olYtjriftm½k[H m ½kww f &uf ol aexkid &f m0ef;usifqD a&mufvm
jyefw,f/ tif; 'Dae&muawmh vk;H 0 wdww f w
d qf w d q f w
d ?f NidrNf idro
f ufouf
ygvm;/ at;jrwhJ t&dyftm0goawGeJY jynfhaewJhae&myJ/
tjriftm½k[ H m olaexdik af e&meJY aps;vrf;rBuD;Mum; vGe;f ysu H ;l cwf

aew,f/ aps;vrf;rBuD;u qkdifav;wpfqkdifaemufrSm puúLqkdif;bkwf
uav;wpfck uyfxm;w,f/ tJ'Dqdkif;bkwfuav;atmufrSmawmh ol
cspfwJhvlwpfa,muf xkdifaew,f/ ol[m vufrIynm&Sifwpfa,muf/
puúLvkyfa&mif;wJhvl/ puúLvkyfa&mif;wJhvlawGu puúLcsyfBuD;awGukd
olYtazqD ,lvmNyD; jyMuwkef;u 'DvlygchJw,f/ tJ'DaeYu olYukd
yxrqk;H jrifz;l wmyJaygh/
puúLa&mif;wJh 'Dvul ,dq k if;uav;udv k ufxyfcsiw f ,f/ ,kq d if;
zcifBuD;u vk;H vk;H oabmrwlb;l / pdwq f ;dk rmefq;kd eJY ]bmvJ? cefYcefYnm;nm;
xnfxnf0g0g pHtdrfBuD;xJuxGufNyD; aps;vrf;rSm oGm;aecsifvdkYvm;?
taumif;pm;yd;k tusÐawGudk pGeYf NyD; csnfMurf;xnf 0wfcsifw,f xifw,f/
rif;[m txufwef;vTmu orD;wpfa,muf? b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; puúLvkyf
a&mif;wJhvludk vufxyfcsif&wmvJ? tHhyguGm} vdkY qlw,f/ Budrf;w,f/
]puúLvkyaf &mif;olawG[m txufwef;vTmawGxufvufryI nmrSm
ykad wmfygw,f taz&,f? uRerf [m tpdr;f a&mifcsnMf urf;xnfudk jrwfjrwf
Ekd;Edk; 0wfEdkifygw,f? qlnHaewJh aps;vrf;rBuD;u qkdifcef;arSmifarSmif
rnf;rnf; usOf;usOf;usyfusyf uav;xJrSmaezkdYvnf; 0efrav;ygbl;/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
acsmrGwfwJh puúLyg;yg;uav;ay:rSm Ek&GwJh aq;a&mifpkHjc,faewJh olYukd

ulnDae&&if uRefr aysmfrSmyg taz} vdkY at;at;oufom ajymjyayr,fh
zcifBuD;u pdwfqkd;rajybl;/ a'goxGufwkef;yJ/ 'gaMumifh ol[m wuf
wpfcsufacgufvdkufNyD; ][if; puúL? puúL tifrwef pdwf'ku©ay;wJh puúL?
eifhvl[m tJ'DpuúLtwwfrSm 'Davmufawmif uRrf;usifaew,fqdk&if
puúLeJYr;D ukd zrf;cdik ;f r,f/ puúLeJYavukd zrf;cdik ;f r,f? igcdik ;f wmawG vkyEf ikd f
&if olYukd rif; vufxyfawmh} vdkY cyfjywfjywfajymvkdufw,f/
rjzpfEdkifwmawG vkyfcdkif;awmh ,dkqif;uav; ½dIufBuD;wiif idkcs
vkdufawmhwmaygh/ 'gayr,f wpfaeYrSm cspfolukd zcifBuD;vkyfcdkif;wmawG
jyefajymjyw,f/ 'Dawmh ,dkqif;uav;&JU cspfolu
]puúLeJY avudzk rf;&r,f [kwv f m;? tif; 'guawmh odycf ufr,fyh Hk
ray:bl;? 'gayrJh puúLeJY rD;ukdzrf;zkdYusawmh rD;u puúLudk avmifoGm;rSmyJ?
tkd bmyJjzpfjzpf BudK;pm;MunfMh uao;wmaygh} vkYd pOf;pOf;pm;pm; ajymw,f/
wpfp wpfpeJY &ufawGtrsm;BuD; ukev f mcJNh yD/ 'gaMumifh ,dq
k if;[m
olYcspfol puúLvkyfa&mif;olukd arharhaysmufaysmuf jzpfoGm;avmufNyDvdkY
zcifBuD;u ,lqxm;vdkufw,f/
'Dvukd mvrsK;d a&mufcgrS wpfnaerSm{nfch yH u JG si;f yzkYd ,dq
k if;uav;
pDpOfw,f/ zcifBuD;udkvnf; {nfhcHyGJwufzkdY BudKzdwfxm;w,f/ {nfhcHyGJ
usif;yr,fh O,smOfxJrSm prf;acsmif;uav;wpfck&Sdw,ff r[kwfvm;/
prf;acsmif;0J,mrSmvnf; opfyiftrsKd;rsKd;aygufaeMuw,fav/ tJ'o D pfyif
awGrmS ,dq k if;u a&mifprHk ;D yku
H av;awGudk csdwq f vJG u dk w
f ,f/ rD;yk;H uav;
awGxJrSmawmh rD;cGufuav;awG xnfhxGef;xm;wmaygh/ {nfhcHyGJusif;ywhJ
ncsrf;csdeaf &mufvmwJt h cg opf&u G o
f pfuidk ;f awGMum;u puúLrD;yk;H uav;
awGu wvufvuf 0if;yvmwmaygh/ a&mifprHk ;D yk;H uav;awGu xGuv f m
whJ rD;a&mifpkHuav;awGuvnf; prf;acsmif;uav;awGxJrSm vSvSyy
a&mifjyef[yfaew,f/ {nfhcHyGJwufa&mufvmwJh zcifBuD;u 'Dvdkcspfp&m
aumif;wJh rD;ykH;uav;awGukd jrifvdkuf&wJhtcg tifrwef MunfMunf
El;El;jzpfoGm;NyD; ]b,folYvuf&mrsm;vJorD;&JU}} vdkY NyHK;NyHK;&Tif&Tif ar;w,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'Dawmh ,dkqif;uav;&JU puúLorm;u cspfolYzcifBuD;a&SUarSmufta&muf

cyf&UHG &GUv H rS ;f vmNyD;
]puúLeJYr;D ukzd rf;xm;vdu
k yf gNyDcifAsm} vdYk ½d½k akd aoaoajymvduk wf ,f
'Dawmh zcifBuD;u puúLorm;av;ukdwpfvSnfh? orD;ukdwpfvSnfh tHhtm;
oifhykHrsKd;eJY Munfhw,f/ 'Dwpfcg ,kdqif;vufxJrS wkwfacsmif;uav;ukd
jrifvu kd jf yefw,f/ zcifBuD;u odvakd ZmeJY ]orD;vufxu J bmawGrsm;vJ}vdYk
ar;jyefw,f/ 'Dawmh ,kdqif;u acgufNyD;ukdifxm;wJh ,yfawmifuav;udk
jzefYvu dk wf ,f/ aiGa&mifpuúLeJYvyk x f m;wJh ,yfawmifuav;aygh/ aiGa&mif
puúLay:rSmvnf; vdyfjymykHvSvSuav;awG a&;jc,fxm;ao;w,fav/
,dq k if;u ,yfawmifudk jzefYjyNyD; jznf;jznf;av; cwfvu dk wf ,f/
tJ'Dvdk cwfae&if; ]taz? puúLeJY avudkzrf;xm;NyDaemf}vdkY ajymvkdufw,f/
zatBuD; rsufEmS wpfcsufysufomG ;w,f/ a'gojzpfvmyk&H w,f/
'gayrJh
Mu,fa&mifawGatmufrmS a&mifpHk puúLrD;yk;H uav;awGu csppf &m
vif;vufaeMuw,f r[kwv f m;/ NyD;awmh aiGa&mifeYJ tjyma&mifjc,fxm;wJh
,yfawmifuav;ukd cwfaewJh orD; ,kdqif;uav;uvnf; odyfukd
cspfp&maumif;aew,f r[kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh a'gopdwfawG Muufaysmuf
iSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;NyD; ½kwfw&uf oabmus ESpfNcdKufvGef;pGm &,fcs
vkud w f ,fav/
rMumcif ,dkqif;uav;[m puúLvkyfa&mif;oleJY vufxyfvkduf
w,f/ tJ't D csed u
f pNyD; w½kwv f rl sK;d awG[m ,yfawmifvv S u
S av;awGudk
tNrJokH;vmMuawmhwmyJ/ aemufydkif; {nfhcHyGJwkdif;rSm puúLrD;ykH;uav;awG
xGef;n§dvmMuawmhwmyJwJh/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
pmuav;awG
AD,uferfEikd if rH mS iSurf sKd;aygif;rsm;pGm&Sw

d ,f/ a&mifrsKd;pkNH yD; tarG;tawmif
awGu awmufy0if;vufaewJh iSufawG? omom,m,maw;oDwwfwJh
iSufawG tkd trsm;BuD;ygyJ/ pmuav;awGvnf; odyfaygw,f/ pmi,f
uav;awGrmS ndKrGrJ t JG a&mif&w Sd ,f/ vnfyif;u trnf;/ olwYkd &hJ wusDusD
atmfoH[m em;jiD;zkdY tifrwefaumif;w,f/
'gayrhJ [kd a&S;a&S;wkef;uawmh pmuav;awG&JhtoH[m ckvkd

toHrsKd; r[kwfbl;wJh/ pmuav;awG tygt0if iSuftm;vkH;&Jh toH[m
om,mowJ/h ta&mifawGu uGjJ ym;ayr,fh awmufy0if;vufMuwmcsnf;
yJw/hJ pmuav;awG vnfyif;uvnf; ckvdk trnf; r[kwb f ;l wJ/h
wu,fawmh ouf&o Sd wå0gawG tm;vk;H vkyd J iSuaf wGuv
kd nf; &nf&,
G cf suf
wpfckeJY urÇmajray: ykdYaqmifay;vkdufwmjzpfw,f/ iSufawG[m
oD;ESHawGukd zsufqD;r,fh ykd;rTm;eJY vlawG wd&pämefawGudk a&m*gjzpfapr,fh
ykd;rTm;rsm;udk pm;ypfzkdYyJ/ 'grSvnf; v,form;awG pkdufysKd;xm;wJh
aumufyo J ;D ESaH wG &Siof efatmifjrifr,f/ txGuaf umif;r,f/ vlwidk ;f tzkYd
wpfESpfpm zlvkHr,f/ tzsm;temenf;yg;MuvkdY vlawG aysmfMu &TifMur,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf ewfzk&m;uvnf; vlwkdif;twGuf tpma&pm zlvkHatmif
ay;urf;NrJyg/
tdyfwef;rwufcifrSm iSufawG aw;oDMuw,f/ wpfaeYwm
vkyaf qmifcw hJ mawG?tawGUtMuHKawG ajymjyMuw,f/ ]iSuaf umifp}D vnf;
&dScJhw,f/ 'DaumifpDrSm iSufrsKd;EG,fpkwpfcku wpfaumifuspD yg0if&w,f/
aumifpDOuú|tjzpf ynmt&dSqkH; ZD;uGuftkdMuD;udk cefYtyfxm;Muw,f/
wu,fawmh iSufavmurSm jyóemwkdY twd'ku©wdkYqkdwm r&dS

oavmufyJ/ 'gaMumifh b,fiSufukdjzifh tjypfay;&w,f/ b,fvkd
tqkH;tjzwfMuD;awG vkyf&w,fqkdwm r&dScJhbl;/
'gayrJh wpfnaecif; iSufawGpkHMuvkdY twif;a&m? tzsif;a&m?
owif;a&m zvS,af eMucku d f ynm&dZS ;D uGut f Bdk uD;u wdwMf uvdYktus,Bf uD;
atmfajymvdkufw,f/ csufcsif;yJ tm;vHk; NidrfusoGm;w,f/
'DawmhrS ZD;uGuftdkBuD;u
]iSutf aygif;wkYd ? oifwYdkukd uREyfk f pdwrf aumif;p&m owif;wpfck
ajymp&m&Sdaew,f? uaeY uREkfyf pyg;usDwpfckem;u opfyifwpfyifrSm
0ifem;cJhw,f? bmaMumifhvnf;qdkawmh tJ'D pyg;usDem;rSm vltkyfBuD;udk
jrifvdkufvdkYyJ? vltkyfBuD;[m wpfa,mufwpfayguf tvkt,ufajymae
Muawmh bmawGajymrSe;f rodb;l ? 'geJY pum;&yfajymaewJv h El pS af ,mufem;u
opfyifqD ul;cJhNyD; *½kpkdufem;axmifw,f? 'DvlESpfa,muf ajymwmawG
tm;vk;H ukd a&a&&m&m em;rvnfayr,fh 'Dvt l yk Bf uD;bmaMumifh 'Davmufxd
vIyvf yI ½f mS ;½Sm; jzpfaew,fqw kd mukad wmh uREyfk f twdtus odvu kd &f w,f}
iSuaf wGem;axmif&if;wk;d wk;d wk;d wd;k vkyv

f mMuw,fiu S w
f pfaumif
[m olYem;uiSuu f dk ]uso
D pfaqmufMurSmyg? avmif;&Jw,f}vdYkajymae w,f/
wjcm; iSufwpfaumifuawmh ]usDxJu pyg;awG zsufqD;cH&wmvnf;
jzpfEikd w
f ,f} vdYk xifjrifcsufay;w,f/
wD;wk;d oHawGrsm;vmnHvmawmh ZD;uGut f Bkd uD;u xyfatmfvukd Nf yD;
pum;quf jyefw,f/
]wdww f w d af eMuprf;yg? *½kpu
kd f em;axmifMuprf;yg? uREyfk o f x d m;
wmawG rukefao;bl;}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
iSufawG EIwfydwfoGm;Muw,f? ZD;uGuftdkBuD;qufajymr,fhtaMumif;

udk Mum;csifpdwf jyif;jyvmMuw,f/
ZD;uGuftdkBuD;u
]NyD;cJhwJh &ufydkif;uav;twGif;rSm pyg;awG tawmfrsm;rsm;
aysmufomG ;whyJ yHk ?J wpfpw kH pfO;D u cd;k ,lomG ;w,fvYkd vlawGu xifaeMuw,f
'gayrJh tJ'D wpfpkHwpfOD;[m vlawmh rjzpfEdkifbl;whJ? wd&pämefawGvnf;
tJ'DusDem;rSm r&SdvdkY uREkfyfwdkY iSufawGom cdk;rSmyJvdkY wpfxpfcs
wGufxm;Muw,f}
iSufawG [,fceJ [mceJ jzpfukefMuw,f? olwkdYem;udk olwkdY
r,kcH sifovdk jzpfomG ;Muw,f/ bmaMumifv h J olwYdk rmS tjypfr&Sw
d m aocsm
aewmukd;/ pm;p&mawGtvQHy,frkdY pyg;wpfaphawmifcdk;zkdY tdyfruf rruf
Mubl;/ tif; r[kwfrSvGJa&m iSufawGukd vlawG txifrSm;wm aocsm
aeNyD/
ZD;uGuftkdBuD;u qufjyefw,f/
]uJ 'Dawmh oifwdkYxJu wpfOD;OD;rSmrsm; tjypf&Sdae&if tjypf&SdwJh
taMumif; xajymyg? tajctaeu odyfpkd;&drfp&m aumif;aew,faemf?
uREkyf w
f Ykd iuS af wGukd zsufq;D ypf&r,fvYkd vlawGu ajymaeMuNyD}
iSuaf wGiikd u
f somG ;Muw,f/ rvIyMf uawmhb;l / wxdwx f w
d jf zpfae
Muw,f/
cPMumawmh ZD;uGuftdkBuD;u
]uJ uJ uaeYawmh tcsed rf &Sad wmhb;l ? tm;vk;H vnf; yifyef;aeMuNyD?
'Dawmh 'Dudpö jyefaqG;aEG;zdkY eufjzefjyefqkHMur,f? eufjzefrS bmvkyf
&r,fqdkwm qkH;jzwfr,f}
'DnrSm iSuaf wG *PSmrNidrMf uawmhb;l / ESpEf pS Nf cdKufNcdKuf rtdypf uf
Edik Mf uawmhb;l / reufvif;wmeJY tpnf;ta0;usi;f ywhaJ e&mukd tjrefvmcJh
Muw,f/ iSuaf wGpaHk wmh ZD;uGut f Bdk uD;u pnf;urf;&Szd Ydk owday;NyD; raeYu
taMumif;t&mukd jyefqufw,f/
]odMuwhtJ wdik ;f yJ? uREkyf w
f Ydk [m vlawG wjcm;wd&pämefawGeYt J wl
wGJNyD; at;at;csrf;csrf; aexdkifvmcJhMuwmyJ? uREkfyfwkdY vdkufem&r,fh
Oya'rsm;ukdvnf; b,fwkef;urS rcsdK;azmufcJhMubl;? 'gayrJh ck uREkfyfwdkY
tay: tEÅ&m,fBuD;usvmNyD? cufwmu uREkfyfwdkY tjypfrusL;vGefwJh
taMumif; uREkyf w f Ydk oufaorjyEdik Mf ubl;? 'gayrJh uREkyf wf Ydk rsKd;EG,pf x
k uJ
wpfOD;OD;[m tjypfusL;vGefaeNyDqdkwJh taxmuftxm; vlawGrSm &SdaeNyD?
'Dawmh wifxm;wJh pGJcsufeJYywfoufNyD; uREkfyfwkdY tjypfuif;wJhtaMumif;
&Sif;jy½kHeYJ rvkHavmufaybl;? rxda&mufaybl;/ vlawG vufcH,kHMunf
Edkifatmif BudK;pm;MurSukd jzpfawmhr,f} vdkY tav;teufajymNyD; pum;&yf
vdkufw,f/
iSufawG wpfaumifeJYwpfaumif rsufvkH;awGeYJ pum;ajymMuNyD/
olu uk, d ohf o
H ,0if? uk, d u f olYoo H ,0if jzpfaeMuNyD? 'Dtaetxm;ukd
ZD;uGuftdkBuD;u &dyfrdw,f/ 'gaMumifh
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]'D½yI af xG;vGe;f wJh jyóemBuD;ukd ajz&Si;f Edik zf Ydk oifwYdk rmS tBuHay;
p&mrsm; &Sdrvm;} vdkY ar;vkdufw,f/
'Dawmh usD;u }&mZ0wfaumifurkd rdrcsif; pyg;usDawGukd tapmifh
csxm;&if aumif;r,f}vdkY tBuHay;awmh iSufeDuav;u axmufcHw,f?
'gaMumifh us;D tqdjk yKwJt h wkid ;f aqmif&uG zf Ydk twnfjyKMuw,f? iSuOf ;D a&u
odyrf sm;aevdYk iSuw f pfaumif[m wpfBudrrf mS ESpef m&DyJ apmif&h w,f/
tpnf;ta0; &yfqkdif;vdkufwmeJY yxrESpfem&D wm0efuswhJiSuf
wpfaumifu apmifh&r,fhae&mukd wef;ysHoGm;w,f/ wm0efcsdefukefawmh
ZD;uGuftkdBuD;qD oGm;owif;ykdY&w,f/ jriforQ ajymjy&w,f/
'DvdkeJY &ufowåywfukefcJhNyD/ bmrS rxl;jcm;bl;/
'D&ufrsm;twGif; pyg;awGuawmh qufaysmufaew,f/ 'gayrJh
[dkwkef;uavmuf taysmuft&S rrsm;awmhbl;/
ZD;uGuftdkBuD; tawG;usyfaew,f/ 'geJY ol[m b,fiSufrS
todrcHbJ tapmifhcsxm;wJhae&mudk vSnfhywfMunfhNyD; wm0efusiSufukd
acsmif;avhvm tuJcwfw,f/ yxrtBudrfrSm bmrSrxl;jcm;ayr,fh
'kw,d tBudrf vku d af csmif;wJt h cg xl;jcm;wmawGawGYvm&w,f/ 'Dwek ;f u
pmuav;wm0efusaewhJtcsdefyJ/ ZD;uGuftkdBuD;u opf&GufawGtMum;rSm
wdww f qdwyf ek ;f NyD; apmifMh unfah ecJwh ,f/ 'Dtcsed rf mS pmwpftyk yf sq
H if;vmNyD;
yxrwpfaumifu pyg;usx D 0J ifw,f/ cPtMumrSm pyg;aphawG EIwo f ;D eJY
tjynfhcsDNyD; jyefxGufvmw,f/ 'kwd,wpfaumif0ifoGm;w,f/ yxr
wpfaumiftwkdif; jyefxGufvmw,f/ wm0efuspmuav;&JU wm0efcsdef
twGif; olYrdwfaqG pmuav;awG pyg;tawmfrsm;rsm;csDNyD; ysHxGufoGm;
Muw,f/
rMumcif wm0efajymif;,lzdkY iSufjymBuD;a&mufvmw,f/ 'Dawmh
pmuav;uqD;NyD;
]tcsed u f ek w
f ,fAsm? bmrS t"dygÜ ,fr&Sb d ;l ? apmifo
h m apmif&h w,f?
oHo,jzpfp&m bmwpfckrS rawGY&ygbl;? 'gaMumifh 'Dt"dyÜg,frJhwJh
vky&f yfu&dk yfqidk ;f ypfzYdk aumif;NyDxifwmyJ} vdYk ajymw,f/
iSujf ymBuD;u
]rif;txifreS Ef ikd w
f myJ? 'Dupd t ö wGuf eufjzef aumifpt D pnf;ta0;
xkdifzkdY ZD;uGuftkdBuD;udk ajymMunfhygvm;} vdkY tBuHay;vdkufw,f/
aemufaeYreuf tpnf;ta0;rSm ZD;uGuftdkBuD;u
]pyg;usaD wGudk uREyfk wf Ydk apmifMh uyfMunf½h cI MhJ uayr,fh bmxl;jcm;rIrS
rawGYcJh&ygbl;? 'gaMumifh apmifhMuyfwJhtvkyfukd &yfr,f? 'gayrJh uREkfyf
uawmh vlawG&JUacgif;aqmifeJY pum;ajymEdkifwJhwefcdk; uREkfyfudk ay;tyfzkdY
awmifxdyfu ewfzk&m;qD oGm;awmif;cH&OD;r,f? 'gwifrubl;? uREkfyfwkdY
bmawG aqmif&GufcJhMuw,f? bmawGodxm;cJhNyDjzpfw,fqkdwmawG ajym
jyNyD; uREkfyfwdkYtay: tEÅ&m,frusa&mufEdkifatmif umuG,fapmifha&Smuf
ay;zdkY awmif;yef&r,f} vkdY ajymNyD; awmifxdyfta&muf ysHoef;oGm;w,f/
iSufawG olwdkYae&mtoD;oD;ukd ysHxGufoGm;Muw,f/
ZD;uGuftkdBuD;uawmh ewfbk&m;eJY awGUqkHtNyD;rSm &Gmwpf&Gmu
olBuD;qD ysHoef;vmcJhw,f/ bmaMumifh ysHvmcJhovJqkdawmh xkwfazmfNyD;
rajymao;ayr,fh tjypfusL;vGefwJh iSufrsKd;EG,fukd olu odxm;jyDukd;/
olYrmS tpDtpOf&adS eNyDaygh/
olBuD;a&SUarSmufa&mufwmeJY ZD;uGut f Bkd uD;uvlvpkd um;ajymw,f
olBuD;u odyftHhtm;oifhaew,f/ 'gayrhJ owif;trSef&vdkufNyDrdkY olBuD;
auseyfw,f/
ZD;uGuftdkBuD;u
]vufqyk v f ufuikd rf jyEdik b f J pmuav;awGukd uReaf wmf rpGypf &JG b J ;l ?
'gaMumifh ewfz&k m;qDu arSmt f wwfeYJp&D ifxm;wJh trIeYfwpfrsK;d awmif;,lchJ
&w,f? 'DtrIeYfawGudk pyg;awGay: BuJxm;r,f? pmuav;awG pyg;vmcsw D hJ
tcg olwkdY awmifyHeJY tarG;trQifawGrSm 'DtrIefYawG pGef;ayoGm;rSmyJ?
tif;uaeYnae usi;f yr,fh iSuaf umifpt D pnf;ta0;rSm 'DtaMumif;awGukd
twdtvif; xkwfazmfajymEdkifr,fh xifwmyJ olBuD;? [J [J 'gwifru
ao;bl; olBuD;&JU? tjypfusL;vGefMuwJh pmuav;awGvnfyif;rSm trnf;
rSwfBuD; jzpfay:apr,f? ]arSmfpum;vkH;awG} taMumif;yg ajymjy&OD;rSm
ayghav/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tif; b,fiSufrsKd;EG,frSm tjypf&Sdw,fqkdwm vlawGodMuawmh

rSmaygh? 'DtcgrSm tjypf&w dS hJ pmuav;awGuykd J vlawGu acsreI ;f Muygvdrrhf ,f}
naeusawmh pnf;a0;aeustwdik ;f pnf;a0;Muw,f/ cgwkid ;f vdyk J
ZD;uGuBf uD;u NidrMf uzdYk atmfajymw,f/ NyD;awmh raeYu tawGUtBuHKawGudk
jyefajymjyw,f/ ajymp&mawGukefawmh ewfzk&m;qDu arSmfpum;vkH;awG
ukd a&&Gwfvkdufw,f/ tJ a&&GwfvdkYtqkH;rSmawmh pmuav;awG&JU
vnfyif;awGrSm teufajymufawG ay:vmawmhowhJ/ &Sd&if;pGJawmufywJh
ta&mifawGvnf; rSdefoGm;NyD; ndKrGJrGJta&mif ajymif;oGm;w,f/
'DtcgusrS ZD;uGuftdkBuD;u
]uREkfyfwdkY iSufawG odu©musatmif rif;wkdY zefwD;cJhMuw,f?
uREkfyfwdkYukd rif;wkdY vdrfnmchJMuw,f? uJ ckawmh pyg;olcdk;rsm;tjzpf
rif;wdkYudkvlawGu odMu&NyD? rif;wkdYtoH[m vlawGtzdkY em;nnf;p&m?
rMum;csipf &mudk jzpfap&r,f? aemufNyD; rif;wkYdvnfyif;ay:u teufajymuf
[m ewfzk&m;&JU Oya'udk av;pm;vkdufemzdkY owday;aewJh trSwftom;
vnf; jzpfap&r,f? ½d;k ½d;k usifh jrifjh rifBh uHMuzdYk owday;csufjzpfap&r,f} vdYk
&Si;f jyNyD; ed*;Hk csKyfvu
kd rf ,f/
xdwfvefYacsmufcsm;aeMuwJh pmuav;awG ta0;wpfae&mukd
ysHxGufoGm;MuNyD; olwkdYbmom oD;jcm;aexdkifMuawmhowhJ/
uJ vdrfnmol? cdk;olrSeforQ wpfaeYay:&NrJqdkwm xm0& pGJrSwf
xm;Mu&w,f/
n
rkd[mrufESifh orifrav;
[dk a&S;tcgu tifrwefvyS wJh opfawmBuD;wpfc&k o dS wJ/h 'DopfawmxJu

opfyifawG[m odyjf rifrh m;Muw,f/ cefYnm;xnf0gMuw,f/ 'DopfyifawG&UJ
0ef;usifrSmawmh yef;aygif;pkH zl;yGifhvdkYaygh/aus;iSufom&umawGuvnf;
opfyifxufrmS em;NyD; wpfaeukef aw;oDMuowJ/h opfawmBuD;&JUtwGi;f ykid ;f
rSmawmh om;&Jwd&pämef &Sdw,f/ olwkdY[m tNrJyJ aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif
aexkid Mf uowJ/h opfawmBuD;udv k nf;cspMf uowJ/h aemufNyD; olwYdktm;vk;H
[m opfawmBuD;&JU vQdKU0SufcsufawGudkvnf; odxm;MuowJh/
opfawmBuD;om,mwm? opfawmBuD;xJu owå0gawG aysmfaysmf
&Ti&f iT &f MdS uwm rSeaf yrJh wpfcgwpf&rH mS awmh pdw'f uk a© &mufp&meJY BuHK&wwf
jyefw,f/ bmaMumifv h qJ akd wmh rkq;kd wpfa,mufu rMumrMum 'Dopfawm
BuD;xJvmNyD; wd&pämefawGudk owfjzwfavh&w dS muk;d / 'Drqk ;dk BuD;a&mufvmNyD
qkd&if wpfawmvkH; wxdwfxdwfwvefYvefY jzpfaeMu&w,f/ wd&pämef
uav;awG[mvnf; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf roGm;&JMuawmhbl;/ opf&dyf
0g;&dyfawG cdkNyD; rkqdk;rjrifatmif BudK;pm;&awmhwmaygh/ tJ'D iSufuav;
awGuawmh rkqkd;vmwmjrif&if wd&pämefawGukd BudK;pm;NyD; tcsufay;Mu
owJh/
wpfaeYawmh rkqkd;[m ykdufuGefBuD;wpfck ,lcJhNyD; opfyifawG?
csKHykwfawGMum;rSm jzefYcsxm;vdkufw,f/ NyD;awmh tdrfjyefoGm;w,f/
ykdufuGefxJrSm wd&pämefawG rd rrd od&atmifawmh aeYwkdif; vmvmMunfh
wmaygh/
'DopfawmBuD;xJrmS orifrwpfaumifvnf;&Sw d ,f/ olYrmS &ufom;
omom&Sdao;whJ om;i,fuav;ESpfaumif&dSw,f/ wpfreufawmh 'Dorif
r[m om;i,fuav;awG Edk;rvmcif tdyf&muxNyD; tpm&SmxGufcJhw,f/
ol[m ESif;&nfawG &TJ&TJpkdaewJh jrufyifvwfvwfqwfqwfawGukd pm;&if;
odyMf unfE;l aeowJ/h
]tifrwefYudk Nidrf;csrf;wJh opfawmBuD;yJ? 'DawmxJrSm aexkdif&wm
udku wpfrsKd;uHxl;wmyJ} vkdY orifru awG;rdw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm
olUom;i,fuav;awGuEdk Ykcd sKw d u
dk af uR;zkYdvnf; trSw&f vku d w f ,f/'gaMumifh
jyefzYdk jyifvu dk w f ,f/ 'DtcgrSmyJ olUajcaxmufawG yku d rf mS rdaeaMumif;
odvu dk &f w,f/ ol[m ajcaxmufawGuq kd MJG unfw
h ,f/wqwfqwfaqmifh
Munfw h ,f/ 'gayrJh yku d u f rvGwEf idk af wmhb;l / vGwzf YdkxyfjyD; tjyif;txef
MudK;pm;Munfhav ykdufxJrSmykdjyD; rdaeovkd cHpm;&avaygh/ aemufqkH;awmh
olUwpfukd,fvkH;tay: ykdufMuD;u zkH;vTrf;oGm;awmhw,f/
'Dtcg orifrcrsm tMuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;w,f/ EdkYqmae
r,fh om;aygufuav;awGudk jrifa,mifrdjyefawmh rsuf&nfwawGawG
pD;usvmawmhw,f/
'Dtcsed rf mS "m;udik x f m;wJh rkq;dk a&mufvmw,f/ towfc&H awmhr,f
qkdwm odvkdufwmeJY orifr[m ]om;i,fuav;wkdYa&? om;i,fuav;
wkYda&}vkYd wwGww f wG jf rnfwrf;aerdawmhowJ/h orifrbmawGajymaew,f
qkwd mukd rkq;dk rodvu dk b f ;l / ol[m orifrukcd w k of wfzYdk"m;udak jr§mufvu dk f
w,f/ 'Dtcsed rf mS wpfpw Hk pfO;D u olYyck;H udk tomt,m qkyu f idk vf u dk af Mumif;
odvkduf&vkdY qwfceJ vSnfhMunfhvkdufwJhtcg t&Sifrkd[mruf olUab;rSm
&yfaewm jrifvu dk &f w,f/ rkq;dk [m tHt h m;oifjh yD; "m;udk ajr§mufuidk x f m;&if;
rvIyrf ,Suf &yfaerdw,f/ cPMumrS
]usKyfqDu oif bmvkdovJ} vkdY ar;w,f/
'Dawmh t&Sifrkd[mrufu ]oif jidrf;csrf;ygap} vkdY awmif;qkacRjyD;
orifr OD;acgif;xufrSm olUvufudk wifxm;vkdufw,f/
]'DorifrrSm om;aygufuav;ESpaf umif&ySd gw,f/ tck 'Dom;ayguf
uav;awGu EkdYcsKdpkdYzkdY apmifhaeMuygjyD/ 'Dawmh orifrukd vTwfay;apcsif
ygw,f/ olUom;uav;awGqD oGm;cGifhjyKapcsifygw,f/
t&Sirf [ dk mrufu nifnifomomawmif;yef
ayr,fh rkq;dk uawmh cyf½idk ;f ½kid ;f yJ? ]oGm;cGirhf jyK
Ekdifbl;/ ol[m usKyf ykdufuGeftwGif;
rSm rdae wmrkdY usKyf&Jh orifr
jzpfoGm;jyD} vkdY
jyefajym
w,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
t&Sirf [
dk mrufu qufajymjyefw,f/
]uREkfyfajymwmukd oif em;axmifyg? vTwfomay;ygav/ wpfem&D
twGif; oifxH orifr jyefvmygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dtcgusawmhvnf; oifh
oabmtwkdif; owfvkdu owfyg? rowfvkdvJaeyg}
'DtcgrSm rkqkd;u avoHrmrmeJY
]t"dyÜm,frJhvkdufav? 'DvkdykHjyifrsKd; b,folu ,kHrSmvJ}
]jyefvmrSmygav? tu,fí jyefrvmcJh&if oifhxHrSm uREkfyf
wpfoufvkH; uRefcHoGm;yghr,f}
]aMomf 'Dvkdvm;? aumif;jyDav? 'DaeYupjyD; oif[m usKyf&Jh
uRejf zpfjyDvYdk MudKwifajymjyxm;vku d yf g&J/h usKyf&hJ uRef jzpfvm&ifawmh
oifwpfoufv;Hk yifyifyef;yef; vky&f vdrrhf ,f}
ajymp&m&dSwmawG ajymjyD; rkqkd;u orifrukd vTwfay;vkdufw,f/
orifru t&Sirf [ dk mrufukd aus;Zl;wifwt hJ Munfeh YJ wpfcsuMf unfv h udk jf yD;
om;i,fuav;awGqD ckeaf ygufajy;xGuo f mG ;awmhw,f/ om;i,fuav;
awGu odyfudk qmavmifaeMujyD/ 'gaMumifh trdEkdYukd tirf;r&
pkdYMuw,f/ EkdY0oGm;wJhtcg jyeftdyfoGm;Muw,f/
orifru tdyaf ysmo f mG ;MuwJh om;aygufuav;awGukd cPikUH Munfh
jyD;wmeJY nifnifomomav; vsufay;aew,f/ aemufawmh
]taroGm;jyD om;uav;wkdYa&} vkdY EIwfqufjyD; rkqkd;eJY t&Sif
rk[
d mrufwYdk apmifah ewJah e&mudk jznf;jznf;av; jyefvmcJw h ,f/ jyefvmwJh
orifrukd vSrf;Munfhvkdufawmh t&Sifrkd[mrufu
]uJ orifrav;jyefvmygjyD toifrq k ;dk ? oifyidk jf zpfjyDrYdkowfygawmh}
vkdY tyfESHvkdufwJhtcg
rkq;dk u
][if tHzh , G o f &Jygvm;? tHzh ,
G of &Jygvm;/ tHMh op&mwumxufyjdk yD;
tHMh op&mauif;vSyguvm;} vkYdwwGww f w
G af &&Gw&f if;t&Sirf [ dk mrufa&SUrSmyJ
'l;axmufvu dk jf yD;
]t&Sijf rwf? usKyf touf&iS af eoa&GU t&Sijf rwf&hJ aus;uRef jzpfomG ;
ygjyD t&Sifjrwf} vkdY ½kd½kdusKd;usKd; ajymvkdufygowJh/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ÓPfrGJ&if uHenf;
[kd a&S;tcgu ][m&D'wå} trnf&dSwJh jA[®PwpfOD; &dScJhowJh/ ol[m

v,form;jzpfw,f/ olv,fukd tNrJwrf;MudK;pm;xGe, f ufjyD; pkud yf sK;d ayr,fh
pyg;txGufu odyfnHhzsif;owJh/
aeodyyf jl yif;wJw
h pfaeYrmS ol v,fqif;xGew f ,f/ tyl&edS af Mumifh
yifyef;EGr;f e,fayr,fh wpfaeYuek f qufxeG o f wJ/h aeat;csed u
f srS acwåcP
tem;,larS;pufzkdY opfyifwpfyift&dyfrSm vJavsmif;vkdufw,f/ 'Dtckduf
opfyifMuD;teD;u yk&GufawmifykdYxJu wvGefYvGefYxGufvmwJh a>rMuD;
wpfaumifudk [m&D'wå vSrf;jrifvkdufw,f/
]tif; 'Da>rMuD;[m v,fapmifhewfjzpfrSmyJ/ igvJ olYudk wpfcgrS
rylaZmf ryocJhzl;bl;/ 'gaMumifh ighv,f ratmifjrifwm jzpfr,f/ uJ
ajymaeMumw,f/ tckyJ ylaZmfyorS jzpfr,f}
[m&D'wåu tJ'DvkdawG;jyD; cGufwpfcGufrSm EkdYenf;enf;xnfhjyD;
awmifykdYem;uyfoGm;owJh/ a&mufawmh cGufuav;ajr§mufvkdufjyD;
toHpmpmeJY ylaZmfyoawmhowJh/
]'Dv,fajrudk apmifha&SmufwJh toifewfrif;MuD;cifAsm;? tapmifh
ewfrif;MuD; 'DrmS pHjref;aeaMumif; uREyfk f wpfavQmufv;Hk rodcyhJ g/ xkYdaMumifh
rylaZmfyocJhrdyg? 'DtwGuf trkduftrSm; uREkfyfudk cGifhvTGwf&ef awmif;yef
wkd;vQKd;tyfygw,f t&Sif tapmifhewfrif;MuD;}
tJ'Dvkd awmif;yefylaZmfjyD; EkdYcGufudk csxm;vkdufw,f/ aemuf ol
tdrjf yefomG ;owJ/h
aemufwpfaeY reufa&mufawmh awmifyYdk qv D mMunfw h ,f/ cGux f J
Munfhvkdufawmh a&Tjym;wpfjym; awGUvkduf&owJh/ v,fapmifhewfu
rpwmyJvYdk awG;jyD; aeYpOf &ufquf yoawmhowJ/h aeYpOfvnf; cGux f rJ mS
a&Tjym;wpfjym; awGUjrif&owJ/h
wpfaeYusawmh [m&D'wårSm &Gmwpf&Gm oGm;zkdY udpaö y:vmw,f/
'geJY om;jzpfolukd yk&GufawmifykdYrSm EkdYcGufeJY ylaZmfyozkdY rSmcJh&w,f/
om;uvnf; rSmwJt h wkid ;f oGm;ylaZmfw,f/ EkYdcu
G cf sxm;cJjh yD;tdrjf yefvmw,f/
aemufaeYreuf awmifykdYukd oGm;Munhfawmh cGufxJrSm a&Tjym;wpfjym;
awGU&w,f/ 'Dawmh om;jzpfou l ]'Dy&k u
G af wmifyYdkxrJ mS a&Tjym;awGtrsm;MuD;
&drS mS aocsmw,f/ a>rMuD;uko d wfjyD; a&Tjym;awG,rl mS yJ} vkYd awG;vku d o
f wJ/h
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'geJY aemufaeYusawmh a>rMuD;ukd EkdYcGufeJY ylaZmfyoaeckdufyJ

jA[®Pom;[m a>rOD;acgif;ukd wkwfwkdeJY ½kdufcsvkdufowJh/ 'gayr,fh
uHtm;avsmpf mG yJ a>rMuD;[m aowGi;f u vGwaf jrmufomG ;w,f/ a>rMuD;[m
onf;rcHEkdifavmufatmif a'goxGufoGm;jyD; jA[®Pom;ukd tifrwef
cRex f ufwhJ tpG,ef YJ aygufowfvu dk af wmhowJ/h wjcm;aom jA[®PawGu
olYtavmif;ukd v,feJY rvSrf;rurf;rSm rD;oN*ØKvfvkdufMuw,f/
ESp&f uftMumrSm zcifjA[®PMuD; c&D;xGu&f mujyefa&mufvmowJ/h
a&mufwmeJY om;&Jh Mur®mqkd;taMumif; odvkduf&awmh tifrwefukd
0rf;enf; aMuuGJoGm;w,f/ pdwfraumif;vnf; jzpfoGm;owJh/ 'gayr,fh
aemufykdif;usawmh cgwkdif;vkdyJ EkdYcGuf,ljyD; awmifykdYMuD;qD vmcJhjyefw,f/
a&mufawmh a>rMuD;udt k oHpmpmeJY axmyemjyKowJ/h jyD;rSyal ZmfyoowJ/h
'Dawmh a>rMuD;uvnf; awmifyYdk wiG ;f uae acgif;jyLxGuv f mjyD; jA[®Pukd
ajymowJ/h
]avmbouú&aMumifh oif þae&mudk a&mufvmjcif; jzpfw,f/
xkad vmbouú&uyif aoqk;H oGm;wJo h m;tm; arhaysmuf&ef oifu h zdk efw;D
cJhw,f/ ,ck þtcsdefrSpí uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD;Mum;rSm rdwfaqGb0onf
b,faomtcgrS rjzpfwnfEidk af wmhyg/ oifo h m;onf todw&m; acgif;yg;
vGef;pGmyif uREkfyftm; ½kdufowf&ef MudK;pm;cJhojzifh uREkfyfu oifhom;tm;
aygufowfcJh&acsjyD/ wkwfwkd\'Pfudk uREkfyf b,fokdY arhaysmufEkdifyg
rnfenf; jA[®P/ xkdYtwl oifonfvnf; om;wpfa,muf qkH;½IH;&jcif;rS
jrpfzsm;cHaom emusifrIa0'emESifh ylaqG;rItjzmjzmudk tb,fykH arhaysmuf
Ekdifygrnfenf;/ xkdYaMumifh aemifwGif uREkfyfxH oif b,faomtcgrS
rvmygESiahf wmh}
'Dvadk jymjyD;a>rMuD;u wefz;dk te*¢xu dk wf hJ ykvw
J pfv;Hk ay;vku
d o f wJ/h
csufcsif;yJ a>rMuD; aysmufuG,foGm;w,f/ 'DawmhrS jA[®P[m olYom;&Jh
rkdufrJrIrsm;ukd usdefqJ&if; ykvJvkH;MuD;udk aumuf,ljyD; tdrfjyefvmcJhawmh
owJh/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tpfukdYrdef;ru odyfqkd;w,f/ olYrwfukd rESpfNrdKUbl;/ 'gaMumifh

*sKHaphawGukd jyKwfNyD;rS acs;ay;vdu k w
f ,f/
nDjzpfou l awmh bmrS rod&mS bl;aygh/ *sKaH phawG&vmwmeJY olUtcif;
xJrSm pkdufwmyJ/ 'gayrJh jyKwfxm;wJh *sKHaphawGrdkU tyifaygufrvmbl;/
uHtm;avsmfpGmygvmwJh rjyKwf&ao;wJh *sKHaphwpfaphuyJ *sKHyifwpfyif
aygufvmw,f/
nDjzpfo[ l m tifrweftvkyBf udK;pm;olrYkd aygufvmwJh *sKyH ifuav;udk
aeYpOf *½kpdkufw,f/ a&avmif;? ajrqG tNrJvkyfay;w,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf;
*sKHyif[m oefpGrf;xGm;usKdif;vmw,f/ opfyifBuD;wpfyifvdk jzpfvmw,f/
xdk;xGufaewJh *sKHESHBuD;[m rsufESmusufBuD;vkd jyefYum;aeawmhw,f/
'D*sKHEBHS uD;&JUatmuf {u0ufavmuf t&dyjf zpfaew,f/
aemufqkH; *sHKaphrSnfhvmwJhtcg nDu *sKHyifBuD;ukd ykqdefeJYckwfvSJ
vdu k wf ,f/ 'gayrJh *sKHyifBuD;ajrjyifay:vnf;usa&m iSuBf uD;wpfaumifu
t&Sdeft[kefeJY xkd;qif;vmNyD; *sKHaphudk csDoGm;w,f/
nDi,fu iSufBuD; ysHxGufoGm;&maemuf ajcukefokwfvdkufwmaygh/
aemufq;Hk jrpfurf;ajcem;a&mufomG ;w,f/ 'DawmhrS iSuBf uD;u nDi,fbuf
vSnfhvdkufNyD; vlvdkpum;ajymowJh/
]'D *sKHaphwpfaphu cifAsm;twGuf bmwefzdk;&SdvdkYvJ? a[m'Dyifv,f
BuD;&JU ta&SUbufrSm ]a&TaiGuRef;} &Sdw,f? a[m'Dyifv,fBuD;ukdjzwfNyD;
cifAsm;udk uReaf wmfac:oGm;r,f? tJ'u D Re;f a&mufawmh BudKufwmawG,al ygh
Asm? cifAsm; csrf;omawmhrS trSefygyJ}
nDi,f odyfauseyfoGm;w,f/ iSufBuD;&JUausmjyifay: rqkdif;rwG
wufvdkufw,f/ ysHaewkef;rSm rsufpdtpkHukd rSdwfxm;zkdYajymwmeJY rsufpdukd
rSdwfxm;vdkufw,f/ 'Dawmh avwkd;oHawGudkom Mum;ae&wmaygh/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSm avjyif;xJjzwf c&D;oGm;ae&ovdk cHpm;ae&w,f/ tJ
olYatmufrSmawmh yifv,fatmfoHeJY vddIif;vkH;BuD;awGyJaygh/ wpfae&m
ta&mufrSm iSufBuD;u ausmufaqmifwpfckay: ½kwfw&uf xkd;qif;vdkuf
w,f/
]uJ a&mufygNyD}
nDi,fu rsupf zd iG vhf u
kd w
f ,f/ tvdk tHMh op&mygyJuvm;/ Munfph rf;
a&TwkH;awG? aiGwkH;awG/ b,fae&mMunfhvdkuf Munfhvdkuf a&TeJU aiGuvGJNyD;
bmudkrS rawGU&bl;/ tarSmifxJrSmawmif a&TwkH; aiGwkH;awG[m NydK;NydK;
jyufjyuf ta&mifawGxGufaeMuw,f/ ol[m a&TwkH;wpf'gZifavmuf
ukdom aumuf,lNyD; &ifcGifxJxnfh0Sufxm;vdkufw,f/
iSuBf uD;u
]vkHavmufNyDvm; rdwfaqG} vdkY ar;awmh olu
][kwfuJh? vkHavmufygNyDAsm} vdkY jyefajymvkdufw,f/ 'Dawmh
iSuBf uD;u
]aumif;ygav&JUAsm? avmbrBuD;awmh tvdkenf;wmaygh} vdkY
ajymNyD; nDi,fukd ausmay:wif tdrfjyefykdYay;vdkufw,f/
aemufydkif;rSm olYa&Tp aiGprsm;eJY ajraumif;wpfuGuf0,fw,f/
'DvdkeJY ol wpfp wpfp csrf;om<u,f0vmawmhw,f/
'Dvdkjzpfvmawmh tpfukdu olYukd remvdkawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh
wpfaeYrmS
]rif; nnxGufNyD; olrsm;aiGawGukd cdk;w,fvdkY igaocsmayguf
ajymEdkifw,f} vdkY &ifh&ifhoD;oD; pGyfpJGw,f/
'Dvdk pGyfpGJcH&awmh jzpforQudk xdefcsefrxm;awmhbJ tukefzGifhajym
vkud wf ,f/ tpfuu dk wpfqifh rde;f rukd jyefazmufonfcsw,f/ azmufonfcf s
tNyD;rSm
]iga&m tJ'Dtwkdif; rjzpfEdkifbl;vm;} vdkY rdef;rukdar;awmh rdef;ru
]tvG,fav;yg? *sKHaphawG xyfjyKwf½kHyJ? tJ wpfaphawmh tdk;xJu
jyefxkwfxm;&rSmaygh? tJ'Dwpfaphukd &Sifupdkuf? aemufydkif;apmifhMunfh
Muwmaygh}vdYk cyfayghayghajymjyw,f/
olwkdYvifr,m; tcsdefqGJraeMubl;? csufcsif;vkyfief;pMuw,f/
'Dawmhvnf; *sKHyifwpfyifvnf;ayguf? *sKHESHvnf;wpfESHxGuf? &dwfodrf;
csdefa&mufawmh iSufBuD;xkd;qif;vm? *sKHaphudkudkufcsDNyD; ysHwufoGm;aygh/
tpfudkv,form; odyfauseyfaew,f/ iSufBuD;ysH&maemuf ajy;
vdu k wf ,f/ 'Dawmh iSuBf uD;u nDi,fuakd jymwJt h wkid ;f xyfajym olYausmay:
wifNyD;
]a&TaiGuRef;} qD ac:oGm;wmaygh/
uRef;ay:a&mufawmh tpfuv dk ,form; jrL;aeNyD/ Munfah v&m&mrSm
a&TawG? aiGawGcsnf;ukd;/ tpkvdkuf tykHvkdufawG/ tBuD;qkH;a&TwkH;qkd&if
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
awmifuek ;f avmuf&w dS ,f/ i,fwmawGuawmh tkwcf t J &G,af wGy?J tao;

trTm;uav;awG qkdwmuawmh oJyGifhawGusaewmyJ? tarSmifxJrSm
w0if;0if; wvufvufaygh/
tpfuv dk ,form;awmh avmbaZmwku d Nf yD; ½l;rwwfb/J wpfcsed v f ;Hk
atmf[pfaew,f/ a&TykH? aiGykHBuD;awGudk o,f,lzkdY enf;vrf;&Smr& jzpfae
w,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm a&TwkH;BuD;awG aiGwkH;BuD;awGukd usKH;usKH;NyD;
,laew,f/
Mumvmawmh iSufBuD;u
]uJ awmfavmufygNyD? odyfrsm;vGef;&if raumif;bl;} vdkY owday;
w,f/
]cPaeprf;ygOD;Asm? ravmprf;;ygeJY? ykdo,fvdkYjzpfr,fhenf;vrf;
&Smyg&apOD;}
]r[kwfbl;? cPae&if ae xGufvmawmhr,f? 'DuRef;ay:uswJh
aea&mif[m odyyf jl yif;ygw,f? puúLuav;avmifomG ;ovdYk vlawGuv dk nf;
avmifuRrf;oGm;apEdik w f ,f}
]cPav; apmifyh gOD;Asm}
'DtcsdefrSmyJ wdrfwdkufawGMum;u aevkH;&J&JBuD;ay:xGufvmawmh
w,f/ wpfNydKifwnf;vdkvdkyJ tifrweffyljyif;wJh a&mifjcnfawG jzmqif;vm
w,f/ iSufBuD; raeEdkifawmhbl;/ awmifyHawGjzefYNyD; yifv,fxJqif;oGm;
w,f/ yifv,fa&ukd awmifyEH pS zf ufeYJ wjAef;jAef;½du k cf wfNyD; tyl'PfcEH ikd f
atmif BudK;pm;ae&w,f/
'DtcsdefrSmyJ avmbrowfEdkifwJh tpfukdv,form;u jyif;vGef;wJh
tyl'PfaMumifh avmifuRrf;aoqkH;oGm;&awmhw,f/
tpfukdjzpfol tdrfa&mufrvmawmh olYZeD;u nDi,fukd
]&Sif uRerf ukd vufxyfoifw h ,f? &Siu
hf *kd ½kpudk zf Ydk wpfa,mufvakd eNyD
r[kwfvm;} vdkY pajymvmw,f/ 'gayrJh nDi,fu
]rvkdbl;? rvdkbl;? uRefawmfhukd,f uRefawmf *½kpdkufEkdifw,f?
aemufNyD; *sKHaphawGukd cifAsm;csufykH uRefawmf odyfrBudKufvSbl;} vdkY
cyfwnfwnf jyefajymvdkufw,f/
n
tarhtcspf b,folarhypfcJhovJ
]blupfa*smif}qdw k m awmifuek ;f wpfc&k UJ trnfyu J ,

G /f 'Dawmifuek ;f xdyrf mS
bk&m;ausmif;wpfausmif;&Sw d ,fav/ tJ'b D &k m;ausmif;trk;d txufrmS awmh
oabFmwpfpif;ykH jyKvkyfNyD; wiffxm;owJhuG,f/ bmaMumifhrsm; 'Dbk&m;
ausmif; trkd;xufrSm oabFmykHjyKvkyfNyD; wifxm;&wmvJ/ uav;wkdY
odMu&JUvm;/ rod&if OD;OD;ajymjyr,faemf/
'Dvu kd UJG /
blupfa*smif awmifukef;em;rSm jrpfwpfck pD;qif;aew,f/ jrpfurf;
ay:rSmawmh wJuav;wpfvkH;&Sdaew,faygh/ rkqdk;rBuD; [mvDrmeJY olY
om;uav; tvDwkdY&JU wJayghuG,f/ [mvDrm[m olYom;uav;twGuf
yifyifyef;yef; tvkyfvkyfowJhuG,f/ 'gayrJh om;uav;ukdcspfvGef;vdkY
yifyef;w,f rxifbl;? tNrJukd aysmfaeowJhuG,f/
wjznf;jznf;eJY tvDuav; vlvm;ajrmufvmw,fav/ 'Dawmh
olu ]tar toufBuD;vSygNyD? uRefawmf tvkyfvkyfEdkifNyDav? tarhukd
uReaf wmf vkyaf uR;yghr,f? uReaf wmf NrdKUawmfwufNyD; tvkyv f yk af wmhr,f/
aiGawGtrsm;BuD;&rS jyefvmNyD; a[m'D blupfa*smif awmifukef;ay:rSm
tarhtwGuf tdrfvSvSuav;wpfvkH; aqmufay;r,f? tcdkif;tapawG
trsm;BuD; ac:xm;ay;r,f? O,smOfBuD;wpfcv k nf; wnfaqmufay;OD;r,f
tar&,f? tJ'Dtcsdefus&if uRefawmfwdkY odyfukd aysmfMurSmyJaemf} vdkY
ajymjyowJ/h
'gayrJh tartdkBuD;u om;eJY rcGJEdkifwJhtwGuf ]roGm;ygeJY om;av;
&,f? tarav tdrfvSvSvnf; rvdkcsifbl;? a[m'DwJuav;xJrSm
ae&wmyJ aysmfw,f? aemufNyD; tcdkif;tapawGvnf; rxm;yg&apeJY?
om;twGuf tarukd,fwdkif csufjyKwfauR;arG;csifw,f? tJ'DvdkrS tar
aysmfrSmyg om;&,f} vdkY wm;w,f? tvDu remcHbl;av/
]tdk oGm;&rSmyJ} qdkNyD; NrdKUawmfukd xGufoGm;owJhuG,f/
NrdKUawmfrSm taeMum? tvkyftukdifudkvnf; BudK;BudK;pm;pm;vkyfwJh
twGuf tvDwpfa,muf csr;f omvmawmhwmaygh/ ESpaf wGMumav csr;f om
onfxuf csrf;omavyJwu hJ ,
G /f aemufq;Hk awmh vlord sm;ausmfMum;vSwhJ
olaX;BuD;wpfO;D jzpfvmcJah wmhwmaygh/
NrdKUawmfrSm tvDxufydkNyD; xif&Sm;ausmfMum;wJh olaX;BuD;wpfOD;
&Sdao;owJhuG,f/ emrnfu ],lpGyf} wJh/ orD;uvnf; wpfa,mufwnf;/
odyfacsm odyfvSaygh/ emrnfuav;u ]zmwDrm} wJhav/
'Doal X;BuD;om;tztaMumif; tvD Mum;odvu kd af wmh ]ig zmwDrmudk
vufxyfvdkuf&if olYtaz ,lpGyfvdkyJ xifay:ausmfMum; vlodrsm;wJh
t"du& yk*d¾KvfBuD;wpfOD; jzpfvmrSmyJ} vdkY ol pdwful;,Ofw,fav/
pdwful;,Ofxm;wJhtwkdif;yJ wpfaeYrSm ol zmwDrmeJY vufxyfvdkuf
w,f/ rMumcif tifrwef BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSywJh oabFmwpfpif;udk
0,f,v l u dk w
f ,f/ 'DoabFmBuD;[m olwYkd ZeD;armifEHS taysmcf &D;xGuzf Ydkaygh/
olwkdY taysmfc&D;xGufvdkY &uftawmfMumvmwJhtcg ]blupfa*smif}
awmifukef;em;u jrpfxJa&mufcJhwmaygh/ 'Dawmh zmwDrmu ]'g &Sif
i,fi,fu aecJhwJhae&mvm;} vdkY ar;w,f/ tvDu ][kwfw,fav} vdkY
ajzwmaygh/ tJ'Dtcg zmwDrmu ]&Sifhtar 'DrSm&Sdao;vm; [if? &Sd&if
oGm;awGU&atmifaemf} vkdY ylqmygava&m/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'geJY olwkdY ZeD;armifESH[m avSi,fav;wpfpif;eJY urf;uyfcJhMu

owJhuG,f/ tJ olwdkYvnf; urf;ay:a&mufa&m om;ukd tNrJarQmfae&SmwJh
rdciftkdBuD;eJY wef;wdk;awmhwmyJwJh/ rdcifBuD;[m om;ukd jrifvdkufwmeJY
][,f tvD tvD? tarhom;BuD; tvD? tvD tarhom;BuD;} vdYk om;emrnf
ukwd aMumfaMumfac:&if; rajy;Edik af jy;Edik f ajy;NyD; tem;uyfvmw,fav/
wu,fawmh tvD&JUrdcifBuD;[m tifrwefukd tdkrif;&ifha&mfae&Sm
NyDu,G /f qif;qif;&J&J pkwpf w k jf ywfjywfaygh/
tbGm;BuD; tvDem;ta&mufrSm zmwDrmu tvDukd ar;vdkufw,f/
]b,folvJ? &Sifhtarvm; [if} wJh/ 'Dawmh tvDu
]b,fu tar&rSmvJ? t½l;rBuD;yg? ukd,fhtaru aooGm;ygNyD} vdkY
ajym&if; csmceJvSnfhNyD; urf;bufavQmufoGm;awmhowJhuG,f/ 'Dawmh
tartdBk uD;[m odypf w d q
f ;kd ? odyf a'goxGuNf yD; blupfa*smifawmifuek ;f ay:
udk wufoGm;w,f/ awmifukef;xdyfudkvnf; a&mufa&m? ol[m aumif;
uifukd armhMunfhvkdufNyD; ]tvD&,f? rif;[m ighom;yg? 'gayrJh rif;u
rif; tarukdawmif rodawmhbl;? om;rdkufvkyfoGm;ykHukd t&Sifjrwf
Munfrh aeygeJY bk&m;vdYk a&&Gww f ikd w
f nfvu
kd w
f ,fav/
tJ a&&Gwv f Ykdvnf;NyD;a&m aumif;uifwpfjyifv;Hk rnf;arSmifvmawmh
owJ/h wpfNydKifwnf;rSmyJ vQyfp;D wpfcsuf 0if;ceJjyufvu dk w
f ,f/ csufcsif;
qkod vdyk J tvD&UJ oabFmBuD;[m rD;[ke;f [ke;f awmufNyD; yifv,fxeJ pfjrKyf
oGm;awmhowJhuG,f/
zmwDrmudkawmh avSorm;awGu u,fwifEdkifvkdufwJhtwGuf
touf&iS f usef&pfcw hJ ,fav/
aemufykdif;rSm zmwDrmeJY tvD&JU &Gmol&Gmom;awG pkaygif;NyD; tJ'D
blupfa*smif awmifuek ;f xdyrf mS bk&m;ausmif;wpfausmif;udk wnfaqmuf
Muw,f/ trd;k xufu oabFmyku H awmh txdr;f trSwtf jzpf xnfx h m;wm
jzpfw,fav/
vlawGtm;vkH;ukd tJ'D bk&m;ausmif;u tNrJowday;aewJhtcsuf
wpfcsuf &SdowJhuG,f/ tJ'gu bmvJqdkawmh/
]a,musmf;tm;vkH;[m rdcifrsm;ukd cspfcif&r,f? rdcifawG touf
t&G,f BuD;&ifv h mwJt h cg wwfEikd o f avmuf ulnaD pmifah &Smuf&r,f} qkwd m
ygyJu, G /f
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
aqmfvrGefeJY yk&Gufqdwfrsm;
aqmfvrGef bk&ifBuD;taMumif; Mum;zl;Mur,f xifyg&JU/ *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;&JU

bk&ifBuD;av/ tifrwefYudk ynmOmPfBuD;oltjzpfxif&mS ;ausmMf um;olaygh/
olYukd ynmt&SdqkH; bk&ifBuD;tjzpf owfrSwfMuw,f/ 'Dbk&ifBuD;[m
wd&pämefawG? aus;iSuaf wG&UJ pum;ukd em;vnfw,fvYkdvnf; ajymMuw,f/
'Db&k ifBuD; ynm&Sw
d t
hJ aMumif;uawmh urÇmtESUH ysUH aeNyD; jzpfw,f/
BuD;jrwfNyD; tvGefacsmarmvSywJh &SDAmbk&ifrawmif aqmfvrGefbk&ifBuD;
taMumif; Mum;odxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh ]'Dxl;jcm;vSwJh bk&ifeJY ig
oGm;awGUNyD; vlawGajymMuoavmuf ynm BuD; rBuD; od&atmif BudK;pm;
Munfrh ,f} vdYk qk;H jzwfcsufcsxm;w,f/ 'Dtqk;H tjzwfudk taumiftxnf
azmfzdkY wpfaeYrSm bk&ifr[m BuD;jrwfwJh a*s½kpvef EdkifiHawmfukd c&D;
xGufcJhw,f/ ol[m aqmfvrGefbk&ifBuD;twGuf tzkd;rsm;pGm xdkufwefwJh
vufaqmifyPÖmawGvnf; ,lcw hJ maygh/
bk&ifBuD;eJY awGUwJhtcg &SDAmbk&ifru pum;awG trsm;BuD;
ajymMunfhw,f/ ar;cGef;awGxkwfw,f/ pOf;pm;p&mya[VdawG ar;w,f/
ar;orQtm;vkH;ukd aqmfvrGefbk&ifBuD;u ynmom;ygyg ajzjywJhtwGuf
&SAD mbk&ifr[m &ifoyf½aI rm tHMh o&w,f/
]tif; oifynmBuD;aMumif; uREkfyf Mum;orQ tm;vkH;rSefuefaeygNyD?
wu,fawmh oifeJYywfoufvdkY uREkfyfMum;&wm wpf0ufawmifr&Sdao;
ygbl;} vdkYvnf; aqmfvrGefbk&ifBuD;ukd csD;usL;vdkufw,f/
wpfaeYawmh aqmfvrGefbk&ifBuD;eJY &SDAmbk&ifrwkdY[m rSL;rwf?
tapcHawG NcH&NH yD; jrif;pD;xGucf MhJ uw,f/ cPtMumrSm yk&w G qf wd u f av;
awG&JU awmifykdYBuD;em; a&mufvmMuw,f/ awmifydkYBuD;u bk&ifoGm;r,fh
vrf;wnfhwnfhrSm&Sdaew,f/ bk&ifBuD;pD;vmwJh jrif;cGmoHawGukd Mum;
uwnf;u yk&w G q
f wd u f av;awG odyu f kd aMumuf&UHG xdwv f efYaeMuw,f/
]tvdk? urÇmay:rSm tBuD;jrwfqkH;eJY ynmt&SdqkH; bk&ifBuD;u
wkYd wpfawGukd eif;ajczkYd vmaeNyDaum}
'DtoHMum;awmh aqmfvrGefbk&ifBuD;u &,fvdkufw,f/ bk&ifBuD;
&,fawmh &SDAmbk&ifru ]oif bmaMumifh &,fygovJ} vkdY vSrf;ar;w,f/
]aMomf wjcm;aMumifh r[kwfygbl;? yk&Gwfqdwfav;awG ajymaeoH
Mum;rdvdkYyg} vdkY ajzNyD; olMum;wmawGudk jyefajymjyvkdufw,f/ 'Dawmh
&SAD mbk&ifru
]tdk oifhvdkBuD;jrwfwJh bk&ifBuD;&JU ajctpkHeJY 'Davmufao;rTm;wJh
owå0gawG rkefYrkefYnufnufausatmif eif;ajcwm w&m;ygw,f} vdkY
cyfayghaygh rSwcf sucf srvd ukd wf ,f/
'Dtcg aqmfvrGefbk&ifBuD;u NyHK;NyD; ]'Dvdk b,f[kwfrvJav?
ynm&SdNyD; cGeftm;BuD;ol[m tm;enf;olukd b,fawmhrS xdcdkuftemw&
jzpfatmif rvky&f bl;}
pum;tqk;H rSm bk&ifBuD;u yk&w G qf w d af wmifyYdk BuD;ukd uGi;f a&SmifNyD;
c&D;qufw,f/aemufvdkufaemufygawGtm;vkH;vnf; bk&ifBuD;enf;wl
uGi;f a&SmifomG ;Muw,f/ yk&w G qf wd u
f av;awG ab;roD &efrcbJ Nidr;f Nidr;f
csrf;csrf; usef&pfc&hJ w,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
aqmfvrGefbk&ifBuD;&JU MunfndKp&m? av;pm;p&m tjyKtrlukd

rsuf0g;xifxifjrifvkduf&wJh &SDAmbk&ifr[m tvGefY tvGef ½dkaopdwfeJY
OD;nTwfvdkufw,f/ NyD;rS
]oifu
h dk ynm&SBd uD;vdYkajymMumwm rqef;ygbl;? qif;&Jo?l qif;&Jom;
rsm;eJY tm;enf;olrsm;ukd pmemaxmufxm;wwfwhJ bk&if tkypf ;dk wJh wkid ;f jynf
[m aysmf&Tifp&maumif;vSygayw,f? qif;&Jol qif;&Jom;rsm;eJY tm;enf;
olrsm;udk b,foal Mumifrh S temw&rjzpfapvkw d b
hJ &k if tkypf ;kd wJh wkid ;f jynff
[m aecsifp&m tifrwefaumif;vSygayw,f} vdkY &Gwfqkdvdkufw,f/
n
ief;ausmif;oljzpfoGm;&SmwJhrif;orD;uav;
odyfukdacsmvSwJh rif;orD;uav;wpfyg;[m olwpfcgrS rjrifbl;wJh

rif;om;av;eJY vufxyf&awmhr,f/ vufxyfyMJG uD;twGuf jyifqifraI wG
tm;vkH; aqmif&GufjyD;pD;oGm;jyDrkdY rif;orD;uav;[m rdcifbk&ifrMuD;eJY
cGJcGm&awmhr,fqkdawmh bk&ifrMuD; pdwfraumif;jzpf&&SmjyD/ om;rufawmf
rif;om;av;&Jh wkdif;jynfuvnf; tifrwefukd uGmvSrf;vSwmaMumifh
orD;awmfav;eJY jyefawGUEkdifcGifh r&dSawmhbl;vkdY awG;rdjyD; 0rf;enf;rqkH;
jzpfae&Smw,f/ aMuaMuuGu J JG cHpm;ae&&Smw,f/
wu,fwrf; cGcJ mG csed u f sawmh bk&ifrMuD;[m ]jyKpm;jcif;twwfynm}
wpfckudk trSwf&vkdufwmeJY ol&Jh vufacsmif;uav; wpfacsmif;xdyfukd
tyfeJYaygufvkdufw,f/ vufacsmif;atmufrSmcHxm;wJh vufukdify0gudk
orD;awmfav; vufwGif; xnhfay;&if;
]a[m'D vufuidk yf 0gav;ukd orD;awmfomG ;av&m,lomG ;yg? orD;awmf
av;tay: b,fv&dk efrf sK;d rS rusa&mufEidk yf gbl;/ aysmufawmh raysmufapeJY
aemf? aysmuf&ifawmh orD;av;twGuf tEÅ&m,fawG &dSvmEkdifw,f} vkdY
ajymjyw,f/
rif;orD;av;u tawmfhukd xl;ygvm;vkdY awG;rdw,f/ 'gayr,fh
rdcifMuD;ajympum;awGukd emcHrw S of m;xm;ygr,fvYdk uwdjyKjyD; rif;om;av;
aexkid &f m wkid ;f jynfudk &Ha&Gawmfwpfa,mufeYJ c&D;xGucf ahJ wmhw,f/ olwYdk
ESpOf ;D pvk;H jrif;uk,
d pf pD ;D xGuvf mcJMh uwmyJ/ c&D;odyrf aygufcifrmS rif;orD;
uav; a&qmvkdY &Ha&Gawmfukd
][kd prf;acsmif;xJu a&oGm;cyfacsyguG,f} vkdY ckdif;w,f/ 'Dawmh
&Ha&Gawmfu
]cyfray;Ekdifbl;/ ukd,fhbmom cyfaomuf} vkdY ½kdif;½kdif;ysys jyefajym
w,f/
rif;orD;av; wpfcGef;rS EIwfwkHUrjyefvkdufbl;/ jrif;xufu qif;?
prf;acsmif;em;oGm;jyD; prf;a&at;ukd cyfaomufw,f/
a&aomufjyD;wmeJYc&D;qufw,f/
'DtcgrSm vufuidk yf 0k gu
]tif; 'Djzpf&yfawGukd r,fawmfMuD;omod&if tonf;uGrJ mS aocsm
w,f} vkdY pdwfraumif;oHeJY a&&Gwfvkdufw,f/
c&D;qufvmvkdY wpfae&mta&mufrSm rif;orD;av; a&qmvm
jyefw,f/ 'Dwpfcgvnf; &Ha&Gawmfbufvn S jhf yD;
]a&qmvmjyefjyDuG,f? cyfay;prf;ygOD;} vkdY ckdif;rdw,f/
&Ha&Gawmfu yxrtMudrw f ek ;f utwkid ;f
]uk,
d bhf mom cyfaomufyg/ uRefr[m &Si&hf aH &Gabmff r[kwaf wmhb;l }
vkdY jyefyufw,f/
rif;orD;av; EIwfwkHU rjyefvkdufbl;/ jrif;xufuqif;jyD; olU
bmom oGm;aomufw,f/
'Dawmh vufuikd yf 0gu
]tif; 'Djzpf&yfawGukd rifh r,fawmfMuD;rsm; od&if tonf;uGJrSm
aocsmw,f} vkdY pdwfraumif;oHeJY a&&Gwfjyefw,f/
'DtMudrrf mS awmh rif;orD;av; pdw d rf xde;f Ekid &f mS awmhb;l / 0rf;enf;
yufvuf ikda<u;rdw,f/ vufukdify0gvnf; prf;acsmif;xJ usoGm;w,f/
'Dtjcif;t&mukd &Ha&Gabmfjrifwt hJ cg vufuidk yf 0gu olUocifrav;
ukd b,fvkdrS tumtuG,f ray;EkdifawmhrSef; twwfodvkdufw,f/
'gaMumifh
]uJ &Sifh t0wftpm;awG uRefrukd ay;prf;/ a[m'D uRefr t0wf
tpm;awGukdawmh &Sif0wfayawmh/ uRefrwkdY ae&mcsif; vJMur,fav/ tJ
tJ jrif;ygvJrSmaemf/ uRefr jrif;udk &SifpD;/ &Sifhjrif;MuD; ]zvm'g} ukd
uRerf pD;&r,f/ tif; aemufjyD; &Sirhf if;om;av;eJY uRerf vufxyfr,fav?
uJ ckcsdefupjyD; uRefru rif;orD;av;jzpfoGm;jyD/ vlwkdif;uvnf;
rif;orD;av;vkdYyJ xifrSm aocsmw,f/ uJ uRefrajymwJhtwkdif; vkyfay
awmh? jiif;r,fawmh rMuHeJY? owfypfr,f}
rif;orD;av; odyfaMumufoGm;w,f/ &ifwkefyef;wkef jzpfoGm;w,f/
taorcH&JwJhtwGuf tvG,fwul oabmwl acgif;ndwfvkduf&w,f/
ae&mcsif; vJwJhudpö tm;vkH; jyD;pD;oGm;rS c&D;qufvmcJhMuw,f/
aemufqkH; rif;om;av;&Jh crnf;awmfpH&m eef;awmfxJa&mufvmMu
w,faygh/ tm;vk;H u &Ha&Gabmfudk rif;orD;uav;trSwef YJ jyKpkqufqMH u
w,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
rif;orD;av;[m 0rf;enf;vGef;? pdwfysufvGef;vkdY eef;awmf0if;xJ

qif;cJhjyD; wpfae&mrSm awGawGai;ai; &yfaerdw,f/ olUukd eef;awmf
jywif;0rSm &yfaewJh bk&iffMuD;u vSrf;jrifoGm;w,f/ wpfa,mufwnf;
ysif;&Smayr,fhvkdY awG;jyD; rif;orD;uav;&dS&m qif;vmcJhw,f/
tem;a&mufwJhtcg bk&ifMuD;u rsm;pGm Muifemoem;wJh avoHeJY
]tvkyfvkdovm; rdef;uav;} vkdY ar;Munfhw,f/
][kwfuJh tvkyf vkdygw,f}
]aumif;vSayjyD rdef;uav;? ief;ausmif;wJh ]cyfcsif} rSm ulazmf
avmifzufvadk ewmeJY tawmfyaJ ygh/ rde;f uav; 'DrmS qufaecsi&f ifawmh
ief;ausmif;oltjzpf aeEkid yf gw,f}
'DvkdeJY rif;orD;av;[m ief;ausmif;oluav; jzpfoGm;awmhw,f/
aeYpOfaeYwidk ;f cyfcsifeYJ twl ief;ausmif; &awmhwmaygh/
wpfzufrSm aumufuspfwJh &Ha&Gawmfuvnf; jrif;MuD; zvm'g
bk&ifMuD;ukd jzpfaMumif;ukefpif jyefajymrSm odyfpkd;&drf xdwfvefYaew,f/
xdwfveYfpdwf vGefuJvmwJhtcgusawmh jrif;MuD;&Jh acgif;udkjzwfypfzkdY
trdefYxkwfw,f/ rif;orD;av;[m olYjrif;MuD; zvm'gudk tifrwef
cspfw,f? jrwfEdk;w,f r[kwfvm;? 'Dawmh jrif;acgif;jywfMuD;ukd rpGefY
ypf&ufb f ;l / pm;zdak qmift f 0ifwcH g;xdyrf mS csdwx
f m;ay;zdYk ief;ausmif;buf
cyfcsifudk aoG;aqmifMunffhw,f/ cyfcsifuvnf; oabmwlvdkufw,f/
'gaMumifh pm;zdkaqmifxJu rif;orD;uav; xGufvmwJhtcsddefwdkif;
]zvm'ga&? ig b,folvJqdkwm rif; od&JUvm;} vdkY ar;cGifh&ae
wmaygh/
'Dvakd r;vduk w f ikd ;f jrif;acgif;jywfMuD;u
]oif[m rif;orD;uav;aygh? oifhr,fawmfMuD;om ckvkd
tajctaersdK;awGudk jrifawGU&&if tonf;uGJrSm trSefyJ} vdkY pdwfraumif;
oHeYJ jyefajymw,f/
wpfaeU cyfcsifeJYtwl ief;ausmif;aecdkuf rif;orD;uav;u
olYa&Ta&mifqHyifawGudk jzefYcsvdkufw,f/ a&Ta&mifqHyifawG[m cyfcsif
tjrifrSm odyfudk vSvGef;aew,f/ 'Dawmh a&Ta&mifqHyif wpfacGpm&atmif
cyfcsifu jzwf,lcsifw,f/ rif;orD;uav;u jzwf,lcGifh ray;bl;/
'Dawmh cyfcsif odyfpdwfqdk;oGm;w,f/ bk&ifMuD;qD csufcsif;ajy;jyD;
olr[mpkef;r jzpfygw,fvdkY wdkifMum;vdkufw,f/
bk&ifMuD;taeeJY pm;zdkaqmifwHcg;xdyfrSm csdwfxm;wJhpum;ajym
wwfwhJ jrif;acgif;jywftaMumif;udv k nf; tawmfMumu Mum;zl;xm;cJjh yD/
ck rdef;uav;&JU a&Ta&mifqHyif tvStaMumif; xyfMum;&jyefjyD/ bm
oabmvJ/ bmt"dyÜg,fvJvdkY pOf;pm;Munfhw,f/ tajzray:wJhtwGuf
aemufaeYrSm ief;ausmif;olav;udk a&SUawmfarSmuf ta&mufqifhac:vdkuf
w,f/
ief;ausmif;oluav; a&mufvmwJhtcg xl;jcm;vSwJhtvSydkif&Sif
jzpfreS ;f ? tvGeu f sufoa&&Srd eS ;f wpfcPtwGi;f odvukd w
f mrdYk bk&ifMuD;u
]rdef;uav;? rif;[m ief;ausmif;oluav; rjzpfEdkifygbl;uG,f?
rif; b,folvJ trSeftwdkif; ajymjyprf;yg} vdkY csdKcsdKomom ar;jref;
pHpk rf;Munfw h ,f/
]tdk uRefr bmrS rajymyg&apeJY? uRefr rajym&Jbl;? b,foludkrS
rajymygbl;vdkY usdefqdkxm;&ygw,f? uRefr uwdzsuf&if uRefr towf
cH&ygvdrrhf ,f}
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]ig[m wpfwdkif;jynfvHk;&JU bk&ifyg rdef;uav;? b,folurS

rdef;uav;udk &effrjyKEdkifygbl;? ighudk tm;vHk;ajymjyyg? rdef;uav;udk ig
umuG,af y;yghr,f}
rif;orD;uav; bmvkyf&rvJ? pdwfnpfw,f? 0rf;enf;w,f?
&ifxJrSm vIdufzdkvmw,f? aemufqHk; ½IdufMuD;wiif idkcsrdvdkufw,f?
'DawmhrS &ifxrJ mS tenf;i,f ayghyg;ovdjk zpfvmjyD;
]uRefr[m t&Sifrif;MuD;&JUom;awmfeJY vufxyf&r,fh rif;orD;
tppfyg? uRefr&JU &Ha&Gawmfu vufxyfcsifwmaMumifh uRefr t0wftpm;
awGukd t"r®,0l wfv f u kd yf gw,f? jrif;yg vJp;D &ygw,f? 'DtaMumif;awGukd
jyefajym&if owfypfr,fvYkdvnf; jcdr;f ajcmufxm;ygw,f? 'DtaMumif;awGukd
uRefr r,fawmfMuD; Mum;od&&if tonf;uGJrSm trSefygyJ}
]aMomf 'Dvdkudk;? aumif;vSayjyD? aumif;vSayjyD? uJ bmrS pdk;&drf
aESmihfvdkY aMumifhMuraeeJY orD;awmf}
&Ha&Gawmfudk oHo,jzpfaecJhwmuvnf; MumjyDrdkY rif;orD;uav;
ajymjyorQudk bk&ifMuD; pdwfcsvufcs ,HkMunfoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
ESpo
f rd t
hf m;ay;jyD; eef;0wfeef;pm;awG qifjref;ay;apw,f/ jyD;rS om;awmfukd
ac:,lvu kd w
f ,f/ aysm½f iT Mf unfE;l aewJ h vSveG ;f wJh a½Trif;orD;udk jrifvu kd f
awmh rif;om;rSm cspfpdwf? jrwfEdk;pdwfawG csufcsif; ,dkzdwfvmw,f/
'DaeYrSmyJ olwdkY vufxyfvdkufMuw,f/
rif;orD; tppfuav;eJY rif;om; vufxyfyrJG Ykd crf;em;xnf0gvSwhJ
pm;aomufyGJMuD; wnfcif;auR;arG;w,f/ eef;awmfol? eef;awmfom;
tm;vH;k udk zdww f ,f/ wpfeef;awmfv;kH aysm&f iT pf &mawGtjynfrh Ykd aysmv f Ykdvnf;
rqHk;Mu? armfvdkYvnf;rqHk;Mu tkef;tkef;uRufuRufaygh/
aumufuspw f hJ &Ha&Gawmfuakd wmh oleYJ xdu k w
f efpmG yJjyif;jyif;xefxef
'PfcwfjyD; jynfu ESifxkwfvdkufw,f/
rif;om;eJY rif;orD;av;[mvnf; aowpfyefoufwpfqHk;
aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif MunfMunfEl;El;aexdkifoGm;Muw,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
iS u f w H w m;
olaX;MuD; ]qef}rSm tifrwefvSwJh orD;uav;wpfa,muf&Sdw,f/
'DorD;uav;[m rdef;uav;trsm;pk pdwf0ifpm;wmudk vHk;0 pdwfr0ifpm;
bl;wJh/ olpdwf0ifpm;wmu &ufuef;&ufwJhtvkyfyJ/ ol[m aeYwdkif;yJ
wpfaeYukef&ufuef;&ufaewwfw,f/b,fvdk taMumif;eJYrS ol[m
&ufuef;pifurcGmbl;/&ufuef;pifu cGmatmifvnf; b,fvrkd S MuHaqmifvYkd
r&bl;/
olaX;MuD; qef&JU cef;em;wJh&JwdkufMuD;em;rSm aumif;uifxJu
jzmqif;vmwJh prf;acsmif;wpfck &Sad ew,f/ 'Dprf;acsmif;xJrmS Mu,fawGvnf;
a&qif;aomufMuw,f/ 'Dprf;acsmif;udk e*g;aiGUwef;vdYkvnf; trnfay;xm;
Muao;w,f/
'Dprf;acsmif;ab;rSmawmh v,form;av;wpfa,mufu aeYpOf
EGm;vmausmif;owJh/ EGm;ausmif;&if; prf;acsmif;ab;rSm xdkiftem;,lavh
&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dvdk tem;,lwdkif; &Jwdkufjywif;em;rSm &ufuef;cwfaewJh
rde;f rvSuav;udk jrif&w,f/ Mumawmh rde;f rvSuav;udk cspfvmrdw,f/
vufxyfvpkd w d af wG ay:aygufvmw,f/
'DtcsdefrSm olaX;MuD; qefu ]orD;[m tdrfawmif&ufom;usjyD;
jzpf&if aumif;r,f? 'grS wpfaeukef wpfaecef; &ufuef;rcwffawmhrSm}vdkY
awG;rdaew,f/ 'DtawG;aMumifhyJ wpfaeYawmh ol[m orD;uav;udk
v,form;av;eJY vufxyfay;vdkufw,f/
tJ vufxyfjyD;rMumygbl;? orD; taetxm;u r,HEk ikd af vmuf
atmif ajymif;vJomG ;awmhowJh / &ufuef;pifrmS xdik zf Ykd tomxm;? &ufuef;
pifudkawmif vHk;0 owdr&awmhbl;wJh/ bmtvkyfrSvJvkyfzdkY pdwfrul;
awmhbl;wJh/ ol[m v,fuGif;awGxJrSm ysif;ysif;&d&deJY [dkavQmufvdkuf?
'DavQufvu kd f wpfaeukev f yk af eawmhowJ/h
'Dtajcqdu k af wmh zcifMf uD; pdwrf aumif;Edik af wmhb;l / orD;tay:
tjypfrwifcsifayr,fh oruftay:awmh tjypfwifcsifvmw,f/
]'Dvjkd zpf&wm olYcifyeG ;f tjypfy?J ighorD; tysi;f zufatmif earmferJh
aexdkifwwfatmif? b,folYtwGufrS tusdK;r&Sdatmif ol oifjyxm;vdkY
jzpfr,f? tif; 'Dtwdik ;f qufaeoGm;vdYk uawmh rjzpfacsb;l ? olwYkdvifr,m;
b0 aumif;rGefwdk;wufatmif zefwD;rSjzpfawmhr,f? olwdkYESpfOD;udk twl
rxm;bJ cGJxm;&if e*dktajctaeudk jyefa&mufoGm;Edkifw,f} vdkY awG;jyD;
]uJ ighoruf a[m[dk aiGa&mifprf;acsmif;&JU wpfzufrSm rif;
wpfa,mufwnf; oGm;aeayawmh}vdkY trdefYay;vdkufw,f/
v,form;uav; odypf w d rf aumif; jzpfomG ;&Smw,f/'gayrJh trdeYf
udk remcHbrJ ae&Jb;l /
]uRefawmhf ZeD;rygyJ uRefawmf b,fvdk ae&xdkif&rSmvJAsm?
uRefaf wmf ZeD;eJY b,fawmhrS rawGY&awmhb;l vm;} vdYk oem;pzG,ef YJ r0Hrh &J
ar;Munfw h ,f/
'Dawmh olaX;MuD; qefu
]rifh ZeD;udk awGY&rSmyg? 'gayrJh wpfEpS rf S wpfcgyJawGU&r,f? tJ'D
awGY&r,fhaeYuawmh ckepfMudrfajrmufv&JU ckESpf&ufnrSm jzpfw,f} vdkY
&Si;f jyw,f/
]'gayrJh Mu,fawG&SdwJh aiGa&mifprf;acsmif;u us,fvnf; us,f?
eufvnf;eufrdkU b,fvdkvkyf ul;jzwfrSmvJcifAsm}
]rylygeJYav? ig wHwm;xdk;ay;yghr,f}
'Dvakd jymjyD; olaX;MuD; qefu urÇmay:rSm&Sw d hJ us;D iSut f m;vH;k udk
qifhac:vdkufw,f/ csufcsif;yJ awmifyHcwffoHawG qlqlnHnHeJY usD;iSuf
axmifaygif;rsm;pGm a&mufvmMuw,f/ 'DusD;iSuaf wG[m ud, k cf sif;quf?
awmifychH sif;,Sujf yD; prf;acsmif;ul;wHwm;tjzpf zefw;D ay;vdu k Mf uw,f/
cifyeG ;f onfuav; prf;acsmif;wpfzufukd oGm;&awmhr,f/roGm;cif
cspfZeD;udk EIwfqufw,f/ cspfZeD;u cifyGef;onfudk vufvGwfqHk;½IH;
vdkuf&jyDqdkwJhtawG;eJY aqG;jyD;w½Iyf½Iyf idkaMuG;ae&Smw,f/
tcsed rf &Sad wmhb;l / cifyeG ;f onf[m us;D iSuw f wH m;ay:avQmufjyD;
wpfzufurf;ta&muf ul;cJh&jyD/ wpfzufurf;ay: ajccsrdwmeJY usD;iSuf
awGtm;vHk; t&yfav;rsufESmqD ysHxGufoGm;Muw,f/
tckawmh &ufuef;rif;orD;av;vnf; &ufuef;pifrmS jyefxikd jf yD;
tvkyfudk MudK;Mud;pm;pm; vkyfaejyD/ v,form;uav;vnf; [dkpOfuvdk
EGm;awG jyefausmif;ae&jyD/ olwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;[m ckepfMudrfajrmufv&JU
nrSm jyefqHkqnf;zdkY ta&;uvGJjyD; wjcm;bmudkrS rawG;Muawmhbl;/
wpfpwpfpeJY jyefqHkMur,fhtcsdef[m eD;eD;vmw,f/ tawG;udk,fpDeJYolwdkY
ESpOf ;D pvH;k MunfE;l aysmjf rL;aeMuayr,fh pdwyf pl &mtaMumif;wpfc&k adS ew,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
rdk;oJoJrJrJ&GmrSmudk awG;rdjyD; pdwfylMuwmaygh/ aiGa&mifprf;acsmif;u

tjrJa&jynfahf ewwfwm/ rd;k oJo&J mG vdu k &f if csufcsif;a&awG vQHawmhr,f/
'Dvdkomqdk&if wHwm;xdk;ay;r,fh usD;iSufawG a&pD;rSm arsmygukefrSmyJ/
tif; awG;jyD;omylaewmyg/ wu,fawmh awG;xm;ovkd
bmwpfcrk jS zpfrvmygbl;/ ckepfMudraf jrmufv&JU ckepf&ufaeYn aumif;uif
MuD;[m Munfvifom,m aew,f/ Mu,fawGpHkaew,f/ rdk;&Gmr,fh t&dyf
ta&mif vHk;0r&Sdbl;/
&ufuef;rif;orD;av;[m prf;acsmif;qD wrf;wrf;ww vSr;f arQmf
Munfhaew,f/ 'DtcsdefrSmyJ aumif;uifxJrSm wdrfrnf;MuD;a&GUaewmudk
jrifvu kd &f w,f/ tif; rd;k &Gmapr,fh wdrw f ukd rf nf;MuD;awmh r[kwb f ;l av/
wHwm;cif;ay;r,fh usD;iSuw f rd rf nf;xkMuD;aygh/
usD;iSufawG[m wHwm;cif;&r,fhae&mta&muf aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif?
jrefjrefqefqef ysHoef;vmaeMujyD/ wHwm;cif;jyD;oGm;wJhtcg &ufuef;
rif;orD;uav; wpfzufurf;udk tjreful;oGm;w,f/ urf;wpfzuf vSrf;
twufrSm cspfciffyGef;u 0rf;yef;wom qDMudKvdkufw,f/
rMumciftcsdeftwGif;rSm olwdkYarmifESH xyfrHcGJcGmMu&ayOD;r,f/
cspZf eD;av;u &ufuef;pifrmS &ufuef;&ufzYkd us;D iSuw f w
H m;udk jzwfjyef&ay
OD;r,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm cifyGef;onf v,form;uav;u wHwm;ab;rSm
&yfjyD;rjyefcsif jyefcsifeJY jyefoGm;&&SmwJh cspfZeD;uav;udk rsufpdwpfqHk;
Munfah e&Smvdrrhf ,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpfav? wHwm;cif;ay;&r,ft h csed af &mufwikd ;f us;D iSuaf wG
uawmh a&mufvmMuwmygyJwJh/
n
a&S ; wk e f ; uwJ h u G , f
[dk; a&S;a&S;wkef;u Am&mPoDjynfrSm jA[®'wfrif;MuD; tkyfpdk;cJhw,f/
tavmif;awmf[m 'D jA[®'wfrif;MuD;&JU xD;arGeef;vsmudk qufcHr,fh
om;awmftjzpf zGm;jrifvmcJhw,f/ om;awmfav;udk jA[®'wÅvdk Y
trnfay;owJ/h om;awmf 16 ESpo f m;t&G,f a&mufvmwJt h cgwuúov kd f
jynfomG ;jyD; tVm&o 18 &yfukd oif,w l wfajrmufapcJwh ,f/ crnf;awmf
bk&m; ewf&GmpHwJhtcg 'Dom;awmfueef;arG qufcHcJhw,f/ 'Dbk&ifi,f
uav;[m rif;usifhw&m; q,fyg;eJYtnD wdkif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfcJhowJh/
w&m;pD&if&mrSmvnf; t*wdw&m;av;yg; uif;w,f/ bk&ifu, kd af wmfwikd f
uvnf; tJ'v D akd jzmifah jzmifrh wfrwf usiMhf uHavawmh trwfMuD;awGuvnf;
w&m;Oya'udk av;pm;Mu&awmhwmaygh/ trItcif;awGudk rSefrSefueff
uef qH;k jzwfMu&awmhwmaygh/ trItcif;awGukd rSerf eS u f efueff qH;k jzwfwhJ
twGufaMumifhvnf; r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuHwdkifwef;wJh trIrsKd; ray:ayguf
awmhbl;/ tJ'Dvdk rIcif;awG yaysmufoGm;wJhtwGuf w&m;&Hk;awmfrSm
w&m;pGJqdkrIawGvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;/ w&m;&Hk;awmfrSm w&m;olMuD;awG
wpfaeukef xdkifMuayr,fh w&m;vdk wpfa,mufwpfavrS rvmvdkY w&m;
rpD&if&bJ tcdsefukefawmh jyeffMu&owJh/ Mumawmh w&m;&Hk;udkawmif
ydwfxm;& ravmuf jzpfvmowJh/
'Dawmh tavmif;awmf bk&ifi,fu

awG;owJh/
w&m;½H;k awmfukd trIonfwpfa,mufrS rvmjcif;[m ig ajzmifah jzmifh
rwfrwf tkyfcsKyfaewJhtwGufaMumifhawmhr[kwfEdkifbl;/ tckqdk&if trI
tcif;awG yaysmufjyD; w&m;½H;k awmfvnf; pDpn D n
H H rjzpfawmhb;l / ydwyf pf&
rvdkawmifjzpfaejyD/ 'gaMumiffh ighrSm tjypf &Sdr&Sd pl;prf;qifjcif½kHom
&Sdawmhw,f/ tu,fí igudk,fwdkifu wpfckck csdKU,Gif;aejyDqdk&ifvnf;
jyKjyifwef jyKjyif&ayvdrfhr,f/ trSm;awGvnf; a&Smiff&Sm;jyD; aumif;atmif
MudK;pm; avhusifh&rSmyJ/
'DtawG;eJY bk&ifi,f[m olYtjypfudk axmufjyr,fhvl&Smw,f/
'gayrJh olYem;u vlawGxJrSmawmh tjypfaxmufjyr,fhvludk rawGY&bl;/
olYudk csD;usL;MuwJholawGyJawGY&owJh/
'geJYou l xyfpOf;pm;jyefw,f/
]tif; 'Dval wGighuakd MumufvYkdraumif;wmawGrajymbJ?aumif;wm
awGcsnf;ajymMuwm jzpfr,f}
'gaMumifo h Ul tjypfaxmufjyEdik o
f u l kd eef;awmfjyifyrSmvduk &f mS owJ/h
'Dval wGxrJ mS tjypf&mS r,fo h l rawGYjyefb;l / 'Dvekd YJyaJ ejynfawmftjyifbuf
qifajczHk;&yfuGufawGrSm jrdKUwcg;av;0rSm qufcgqufcg &Smw,f/
tjypfaxmufjyrnfo hf l wpfa,mufrS rawGUbl;/ cs;D usL;oHawGuo kd m Mum;jrJ
Mum;&owJh/ 'gaMumifh awme,fawGxGuf&SmzdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufw,f/
tavmif;awmf bk&ifi,f[m wdkif;jynfudk trwfMuD;awGeJU
vTt J yfxm;cJjh yD; jrif;&xm;eJY ½kyzf sux
f uG cf w
hJ ,f/&xm;xde;f wpfaf ,mufawmh
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ygvmwmaygh/ bk&ifi,f[m tjypfawmufjyr,fo h u

l kd awm&GmtESYH&mS w,f/
rawGYbl;/ e,fpyftxdoGm;w,ff/ rawGYjyefbl;/ 'gaMumifh aemufqHk;awmh
vufavQmhjyD; aejynfawmfudkom jyefvSnfhcJh&awmhowJh/
wpfcsed w
f nf;rSm aumovwdik ;f &JUbk&if rvdu ’ m[m wdik ;f jynfukd
rif;usiw hf &m;eJYtnD tkycf sKyaf eowJ/h 'Db&k ifvnf; olYtjypfukd &SmazGaecsed f
jzpfw,f/ 'gayrJh olvnf; eef;awmfxJrSmawmh &SmawGYbl;wJh/ 'gaMumifh
awme,fawGqif;jyD; olYtjypfaxmufjyEdik o f u l kd &Sm&mu rawGUvdYkjyeftvm
tavmif;awmf&xm;eJY rwfapmufwJh vrf;usOf;uav;rSm rsufESmcsif;qdkif
wd;k ygava&mwJ/h
rvd’um bk&ifh&xm;xdef;u tavmif;wmf&JU &xm;xdef;udk
vrf;z,fay;zdkYajymowJh/ tavmif;awmf &xm;xdef;uvnf; ]toif
&xm;xde;f ? toif&h xm;uomz,fay;zdYk&ydS gw,f/ uREykf &f xm;rSmAm&mPoD
jynf&h iS f bk&ifjA[®'wÅ pD;eif;vku d yf gawmfrcl whJ ,f} vdYk jyefajymvdu k o
f wJ/h
'Dawmh wpfzuf&xm;xde;f uvnf; ]toif&xm;xde;f ? usKyf&xm;
rSmvnf; aumovwdik ;f &JUbk&if rvdu ’ mvdu
k yf gawmfrcl w hJ myJ}vdYkqjkd yefw,f/
'DtcgrSm tavmif;awmf&JU &xm;xdef;u pOf;pm;owJh/
]tif; [duk vnf; bk&ifvYkd ajymaeyguvm;? bmvky&f &if aumif;
rvJ? tif; odjyD? odjyD? [db k &k iftoufukd odatmifvyk &f r,f? toufi,fwhJ
bk&ifh&xm;u toufMuD;ol bk&ifh&xm;udk vrf;z,fay;ap&r,f}
pOf;pm;&wmeJY wpfzuf&xm;xdef;udk aumovbk&if touf
vSrf;ar;w,f? 'Dawmh toufawGwlaewm odvdkuf&w,f? 'gaMumifh
aumovbk&if aejynfawmftus,ft0ef;? ppfonf&Jrwfta&twGuf?
csrf;omMuG,f0rI? xifay: ausmfMum;rItaMumif;? aumovwdkif;jynf
taMumif;? Zmwf? bk&iffhrsdK;EG,frdom;pktxd qufcg qufcg pHkprf;w,f/
tm;vH;k wlaeMujyefowJ/h bk&ifEpS yf g;pvH;k &JU aejynfawmftus,t f 0ef;[m
rdik u
f ;kd &mpD jzpfaeMuw,f/
'gaMumiffh tavmif;awmf&JU &xm;xdef;u

]uJ tm;vHk;wlaerSawmh ydkrdkajzmifhrwfoludk vrf;z,fay;zdkYom
&Sad wmhw,f} vdYk awG;rdjyD; wpfzuf&xm;xde;f udk ]oifb
h &k ifrmS rnfuo
hJ Ykdaom
ajzmifhrwfrIrsdK; &SdygovJ} vdkY ar;vdkufowJh/
'Dawmh wpfzuf&xm;xde;f u olYb&k if rajzmifrh wfru
I kd ajzmifrh wfrI
tjzpfjyoaMumfjimwJhtaeeJY uAsm&JU ywrydk'fudk &GwfqdkvdkufowJh/
tiftm;jzifh jydKifoludk
tiftm;wl tEdkif,lw,f
odraf rGUaysmah ysmif;olukd
odraf rGYaysmah ysmif;jcif;jzifo
h m?
aumif;olukd
aumif;jcif;jzifo h m?
aumufuspfou l kd
aumufuspfrjI zifo h m?
bk&ifrv’u d m
tEdik ,f jl rJyg/
þonf
uREykf bf &k if\ obm0ayyJ?
toif&xm;xdef;
a&Smifz,fwrd ;f ygavmh/
'Dvakd jzoHMum;vdu k af wmh tavmif;awmf&UJ &xm;xde;f u]aeygOD;?

oifb h &k if&UJ ajzmifrh wfr?I aumif;jrwfru I 'gtukeyf v J m;}
]rSeyf gw,f}
]'gawG[m ajzmifhrwfrI? aumif;jrwfrIawGqdk&if rrSefueffrI?
qd;k ,kwrf aI wGua&m}
]tckk usKyfajymjyvdu k wf mudk rrSeu f efr?I qd;k ,kwrf aI wGvYkd toif
rSw, f cl sivf nf; rSw, f al ygh? uJ oifb h &k if&UJ ajzmifrh wfreI UJ aumif;jrwfraI wG
ua&mAsm? ajymygOD;}
'Dtcg Am&mPoDjynf&h iS f &xm;xde;f u wpfzuf &xm;xde;f Mum;
atmif 'kwd,ydk'fudk &GwfjyowJh/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
uREfyk \ f t&Sif bk&ifjA[®'wåonf

a'goudk wnfjidrjf cif;jzifo h m
aumufuspfru I kd ajzmifrh eS jf cif;jzifo
h m
ap;ESo J u l kd ay;urf;jcif;jzifo h m
rkom;udk opömjzifhom
ud,k b hf ufygatmif
pGr;f aqmifjrJrYkd
tdk toif&xm;xdef;
a&Smifz,fwrd ;f ygavmh/
tavmif;awmf&UJ &xm;xde;f jyefaf jymoHtMum;rSm rvdu

’ mbk&ifeYJ
&xm;xdef; ESpfOD;pvHk; &xm;ay:u qif;vdkufMujyD; jrif;awGudkjzKwf?
&xm;udk a&TUay;vdkufMuowJh/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tJ'D jA[®'wfrif;MuD;[m tifrwef pum;rsm;owJh / rif;MuD;

pum;ajymrSjzifh ab;vl0ifajymcGiu hf kd r&Edik af wmhb;l / 'Dpum;rsm;wJah &m*gudk
aysmufatmifukzdkY tavmif;awmftrwfu tjrJrjywf MuHpnfawG;qaecJh
owJh/
'DvdkawG;qaewJhtcsdefrSmyJ [dr0EÅmawmifu a&uefwpfckxJrSm
vdyfMuD;wpfaumif&SdaeowJh/ 'Da&uefrSm awmbJESpfaumifuvmjyD; tpm
&Smpm;avh&Sdw,f/ Mumawmh vdyfMuD;eJY awmbJESpfaumif[m rdwfaqGawG
jzpfof mG ;Mua&mwJ/h w&if;wES;D jzpfomG ;MujyD;wJah emufyikd ;f wpfaeYusawmh
awmmbJESpfaumifu vdyfMuD;udk ajymMuowJh/
]taqGvdyfMuD;? uREffkyfwdkYaexdkif&m [dr0EÅma'ou]tvSawmif}
rSm&SdwJh ]a½T*l}[mjzifh tiffrwefYudk ESpfjcdKufaysmfydkufp&m aumif;w,f?
taqGvdkufvnffygvm;Asm}
]vnfcsifjyDvm; rdwaf qGav;wdYk &,f? 'gayrJh b,fvv kd yk jf yD; usKyf
oGm;EdkifrSmvJAs}
]tdk 'DtwGuf rylygeJY?uREykf wf Ykd ac:oGm;yghr,f? wpfcyk o J wdxm;Asm?
vrf;rSmb,foYlurkd S pum;rajymbJ yg;pyfyw d xf m;? b,fEh ,S jf zpfEikd yf ghrvm;
taqGvdyfMuD;}
][mAsm? 'Davmufuawmh rjzpfEikd pf &m bm&So d vJ? jzpfEikd w f maygh?
uJ usKyffudkom ac:ayawmh}
'Dawmh awmbJESpfaumiffu wkwfwpfacsmif; vdkuf&SmMuw,f/
&vmwJhtcg vdyfMuD;udk wkwf&JUtv,frSm udkufapvdkufw,f/ olwdkY
ESpaf umifuawmh wkwt f pGe;f wpfzufprD mS udu k xf m;vdu
k Mf ujyD;wpfjydKiw f nf;
avxJrSm ysHwufvdkufMuowJh/
vdyfMuD;udk wkwftv,frSmudkufapjyD; tJ'Dvdk tawmfMumatmif
yso
H ef;oGm;rdwt hJ cg atmufu &Gmom;tcsKd Uu olwYkdo;kH OD;udk vSr;f jrifvu kd f
owJ/h &Gmom;awGu tHMh owMuD;eJY ]a[h a[h? [drk mS [drk mS ? Munfv h ukd Mf uprf;?
Munfv h u kd Mf uprf;? bJEpS af umifu vdyMf uD;wpfaumifukd wkwrf mS udu k cf ikd ;f
xm;jyD; csDomG ;w,fa[h} vdYk atmf[pfajymqdMk uowJ?h &Gmom;awG atmfajym
oHukd vdyMf uD;Mum;awmh]atmifr,f? ighrw d af qGawGu b,fvkd cso D mG ; cso D mG ;
aygh[Jh? 'if;wdkYtyl wpfjym;om;rS rygbl;? [if; bmr[kwfwJh uReffpkwf
awGursm; olwdkYtylusaewmyJ} vdkY jyefyufvdkufcsifwm yg;pyfudk ,m;ae
owJh/
vdyMf uD;udk tJ'v D kd o,faqmifomG ;aecsderf mS avuvnf; wtm;
wduk af ew,f/ 'gaMumifh &Gmom;awG ajymoHMum;jyD;wJah emuf rMumcifuav;
rSmyJ Am&mPoDjynfh&Sif jA[®'wfrif;MuD;&JU eef;awmfay: a&mufvmMuyg
ava&m/ 'Dae&ma&mufvmawmh yg;pyf,m;aewJhvdyfMuD;vnf;jyefyufcsif
pdwu f kd rrsKd odyEf ikd f jzpfvmawmhowJ/h 'geJY ajymcsiw f majymzdYk yg;pyfut
kd [
wkwfuae vGwfoGm;jyD; jyKwfusygava&m/ jyKwfusvmwJhvdyfMuD;[m
eef;awmfa&SU uGufvyfxJvmusowJh/ ajrjyifeJUtxdrSm jAef;ceJ vdyfMuD;
ESpfjcrf; uGJxGufoGm;awmhowJh/
jzpfcsiaf wmh't D csed rf mS yJ jA[®'wfrif;MuD;[m tavmif;awmftrwfeYJ
twl eef;awmfudkjyefMuGvmcJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh vdyfMuD;jzpftifudk rsufjriff
udk,fawGY jrifvdkuf&wmaygh/ 'geJY rif;MuD;u tavmif;awmfftrwfudk
]q&mt&Si?f 'Dvyd Mf uD; b,fvv kd yk f 'Dae&mrSmvmus&ygovJ}vdYk ar;vdu k f
owJh/ 'Dawmhtavmif;awmfu tif; 'Dbk&ifudk oifcef;pmay;zdkY MuHpnf
awG;qcJhwmMumjyD? ckrSyJ ay:vmayawmhw,f/ trSefawmh 'DvdyfMuD;[m
awmbJESpfaumifudk taqGcifyGef; zGJUvdrfhr,f/ taqGcifyGef;awGu olYudk
wkwfrSm udkufxm;apjyD; [dr0EÅmawmif ta&muf ac:aqmifoGm;wm
jzpfr,f/ tif; 'gayrJh vdyfMuD;crsm ajrjyifu wpfpHkwpfa,mufajymoHudk
Mum;awmh jyefajymcsifpdwfudk rrsdKodyfEdkifjzpfvmvdkY jyefajymzdkYyg;pyft[
wkwfuae vGwfxGufoGm;jyD; ajrjyifay:us? ckvdk taoqdk;eJY b0
qHk;oGm;&wmjzpfr,fvdkY woDwwef; awG;MunfhvdkufjyD; rif;MuD;&JU tar;
udk jyefajzvdu k o f wJ/h
]t&Sifrif;MuD;? pum;rjywff w&pyfajymolrsm;udk ]avtdk;}vdkY
orkwfMu½dk;xHk;pH&Sdygw,f? trSefawmh avtdk; rSeforQ 'Dvdk 0rf;enf;p&m
tjzpfrsdK;eJY ed*;kH csKyf&jzpfygw,f t&Sirf if;MuD;}
tJ'Dvdk avQmufwiftjyD;rSm tavmif;awmftrwfu atmufyg
vuFmav;ESpyf 'k u f kd &Gwqf o kd wJ/h
]wkwfudkufxm;vnf;
wm;r&wJh qEáMumifh
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
vdyMf uD;b0
oYludk,fol owfjzwf&jyD/
pum;wpfv;kH 'Pf
touf;qHk;onftxd
'if;cH&avjyD?
tdk t&Sif
vdyjf zpftifukd
jrifatmif ½Iygavmh/
aMumif;rJh a[mh&rf;
EIwrf Murf;ESi/hf
ynm ESpfom;
yg pum;udk
tpOfqdkavmh tdk t&Sif/
tdk t&Sif
pum;rQif rjywf
w&pyfajymonhv f yd f
&ifxyd pf &m tjzpfq;kd uJjyD;
aoyG0J ifcyhJ kH
rsufjrifMuHKjyD r[kww f akH vm/
olYukd apmif;csw d jf yD; wD;wd;k a&&Gwaf erSe;f bk&ifu&dypf m;rdomG ;w,f/
'gaMumifh ]q&m t&Sif/ udk,fawmfjrwfudkrsm; ajymaewmvm;AsmwdkY}vdkY
ar;vduk jf yefowJ/h
'DawmhrS tavmif;awmftrwfuvnf; ]bkef;awmfMuD;jrwfawmf
rlaom t&Sifrif;MuD;? t&Sifrif;MuD;yJjzpfap? wjcm;b,folyJjzpfap?twdkif;
twmrJh EIwo f &rf;vGe;f &if 'Dvyd Mf uD; tjzpfq;kd eJYw;kd yHtk wdik ;f wd;k &rSmtrSef
jzpfygawmhw,f}vdkY yGifhyGifhvif;vif; avQmufwifvdkufowJh/
tJ'aD eYupjyD; jA[®'wfrif;MuD;vnf; pum;t&mrSm csKyw f nf;cJv
h Ykd
pum;enf;olwpfOD; jzpfvmawmhw,f/
n
tcspf z ef v H k ; uav;
[dk; a&S;tcgu AD,uferf e,fao;av;wpfckudk tkyfcsKyf&wJh e,fcsKyf
]ik,ifvw D ;D }qdw
k o
hJ l &Scd w
hJ ,f/ol[m jrpfurf;yg;ay:u &Jwu kd v
f t
kd rd Mf uD;rSm
ZeD; &ef? orD;i,f erfwdkYeJU twlaew,f/
orD;uav; erf i,fi,fwek ;f uawmh jcH0if;MuD;xJrmS yJ ae&mtESUH
aqmhupm;cJw h ,f/ 'gayrJh arQmpf ifMuD;ay:u tcef;uav;udk tMudKuq f ;kH yJ/
tJ'D tcef;uav;uae [dkta0;u jrpfudk jrifEdkifw,f/ jrpfwGif;rSm
avSawG xufatmuf pkefqefoGm;vmaeMuwmudk MunfhjyD; erfuav;
odyaf ysmw
f ,f/ 'gaMumifv h nf; rdbESpyf g;eJYcjJG yD; tdyEf ikd w
f t hJ &G,af &mufvm
wJhtcg erfu 'DarQmfpifay:u tcef;udkyJ a&G;vdkufw,faygh/ ol[m
tcef; jywif;uae jrpfbufvSrf;rMunfhrdwJhtcgrsm;rSm wpfaeukef
pmzwfw,f/ Zmyef;xdk;w,f/
wpfreufrSmawmh jrpfbufuysHUvGifhvmwJh oDcsif;oHuav;udk
erfMum;&w,f/ xjyD; jywif;aygufu vSr;f Munfv h ukd w
f t hJ cg avSwpfpif;eJY
wHigonfuav;udk jrifw,f/csucf si;f yJ ol&ifcek v f mw,f/toHaumif;wJh
wHigonfuav;udk ol cspfrdoGm;jyDqdkwm em;vnfvdkufw,ff/ rsufESmudk
rjrif&ayr,fh toHaumif;wJhtwGuf ½kyfvnf;vSr,fvdkY ol wGufrdw,f/
'gaMumifh aemufykdif;&ufrsm;rSm jywif;aygufuvSrf;jyD; jrpfbufudk erf
uav; ai;arQmfwwfjyDaygh/
cgwdkif;&ufrsm;rSmvdkyJ wpfreufrSm erfu jrpfbufarQmfai;ae
w,f/'gayrJh olYcspfol avSi,f&SifwHigonfuav;u ay:rvmbl;/
onf;cHqufapmifah yr,fh wpfywfMumoGm;wJt h xd ay:rvmbl;/ erfuav;
EGrf;vs vGrf;aqG;ae&jyD/ pdwfaxmif;udk,faMujzpf&jyD/ wpfp wpfpeJY
aexdkifraumif;jzpfvmw,f/ Mumvmawmhtpmvnf; rpm;awmhbl;/
'Dawmh txdef;awmfuav;u odyf pdwfylyifvmjyD; zcif e,fcsKyfMuD;qD
oGm;taMumif;Mum;vdkufw,f/
taMumif;pHkod&wJhtcg e,fcsKyfMuD;u wHigonfuav;udk&SmzdkY

tapcHawGudk vTwfw,f/ wHigonfuav;udk &Gmwpf&GmrSm awGYMuw,f/
olYemrnfu ]wef}wJh/ tapcHawGu wefudk tusdK;taMumif;ajymjyjyD;
ac:vmcJhMuw,f/ a&mufvmwJhtcg zcif e,fcsKyfMuD;u orD;erf&JU
taMumif;awG ajymjyjyD; wefudk arQmfpifay:utcef;xJac:vmcJhw,f/
tcef;xJa&mufwt hJ cg wefu oDcsi;f wpfy'k f oDqvkd ukd wf ,f/ oDcsi;f oHav;
Mum;vdkufawmh erf uav; vIyfvmw,f/ &ifckefvmw,f/ &Suf&GHUwJh
trlt&muav;awG ay:vmw,f/
'Dtcsderf mS yJ zcifMuD;u
]orD;uav; erf? ol[m wHigonf wefyJ? orD;cspfw,fqdkwJh
oli,fyJaygh} vdkdY rdwfqufay;vdkufwJhtcg erfu wefudk pl;pdkufMunfh
vdkufw,f/ wefu erfhqD cyfjznf;jznf;avQmufoGm;w,f/ tif; v,fvdk
ygvdrfh? erfh rsufESmraumif;ygvm;? aMumuf&GHUaeovdkyJ/ rauseyfwJhyHkyJ/
olxifxm;oavmuf wefu rvSvdkYvm;/ Munfh&if; Munfh&if; erfh
trlt&mawGysufvmw,f/ rsufESmudk vuf0g;eJY tkyfvdkufw,f/ pdwf
rxdef;EdkifawmhwJh yHkrsdK;eJY
]rcspfbl;? rcspfbl;? olYudk orD; vHk;vHk;rcspfbl;? jyefac:oGm;yg?
jrefjrefac:oGm;Muprf;yg}vdYk atmf[pf armif;ESiv f w T w f ,f/
wefpw d yf suo f mG ;w,f/tm;i,fomG ;w,f/cPwmuav;jrifciG &hf
ayr,fh erf[m xl;xl;jcm;jcm; vSyaevdkY ol tonf;epfatmif cspfrd
w,f/ 'gayrJh ckawmh weftwGuf arQmfvifhcsufvHk;vHk; r&Sdawmhbl;/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
&Gmjyefta&mufrmS wefwpfa,muf Ake;f Ake;f vJawmhw,f/ rMumcif

aoqHk;oGm;w,f/ arSmif&DysdK;ptcsdefrSm wefYtavmif;udkajrjr§Kyfoj*ØK[f
vdkufMuw,f/aemufwpfaeYreuf wef&JUrdom;pk tdrfjyefa&mufMuwJhtcg
xdyyf ikd ;f u zefeYJ ww l hJ ausmufrsuw f pfv;kH udk awGYMu&w,f/ 'Dausmufrsuf
wHk;uav;udk olwdkYu e,fcsKyfMuD;qD ydkYay;vdkufw,f/ e,fcsKyfMuD;u
]'g[m tcspzf efv;kH uav;jzpfw,f}vdYk ajymjyjyD; vufzuf&nfwpfyef;uef
,lczhJ Ykd cdik ;f vdu k w f ,f/ e,fcsKyfMuD;u vufzuf&nfyef;uefxzJ efv;kH uav;
xnfhvdkufwJhtcg vufzuf&nfyef;uefxJrSm avSuav;udk auGYywf
avSmcf wfaewJh wHigonfuav;yH&k yd f ay:vmw,f/
'Dawmh e,fcsKyfMuD;u
]olaoqH;k jyD;wJh aemufyikd ;f rSmawmif oleYJqikd w f hJ tcspzf efv;kH uav;
[m ruGJrysufbl;/ tcspfaMuG; rajyao;oa&GU e*dkrl&if;twdkif; wnf&Sd
aewwfw,f} vdkY &Sif;jyw,f/
i,f&, G of l armifEpHS &kH UJ tcsp[f m b0a[mif;uwnf;u pwnfcw h J ,f/
zdkeJYr cspfMuNyDqdk&ifvnf; olwdkYESpfOD;[m aemifb0txd twlwGJaeEdkif
Muw,fvdkY AD,uferfawGu ,HkMunfMuw,ff/
vufzuf&nfyef;uefxJu yHk&dyfudk erfjrifwJhtcg ol bmawG
vkyfcJhrdaMumif; odoGm;w,f/ wu,fawmh wef&JUtcspfudk&atmif,lNyD;
olYtcspfudkawmh wefudk jyefray;cJhbl;/ 'gaMumihf tck olbmvkyf&r,f
qdkwmem;vnfvdkufw,f/
erf[m vufzuf&nfyef;uefuav;udk olwpfOD;wnff;aexdkif&m
arQmpf ifay:u tcef;xJ,o l mG ;w,f/ tcef;xJa&mufawmh ukvm;xdik rf mS xdik ?f
aygifay:rSm yef;uefuav;wifNyD; ½IdufBuD;wiif idkawmhw,f/ 'Dawmh
rsuf&nfaygufMuD;awGu yef;uefxJusoGm;w,f/ rsuf&nfeJY xdawGU
vdu k wf ,fq&kd ifyJ tcspzf efv;kH uav;[mwjznf;jznf; t&nfaysmo f mG ;w,f/
rMumcifrmS yJ t&nfb0 ajymif;oGm;awmhw,f/ wpfcsed w f nf;rSm erfuav;
[mvnf; xdkifae&if;u toufxGufoGm;awmhw,fwJhuG,f/
erfeYJ wef aemifb0rSm twlaeMu&NyDaygh/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
bk&ifajr§mufpm;wJh [m&Dqmref
[dk; a&S;tcgu &Gmwpf&GmrSm ][m&Dqmref} qkdwJh jA[®PwpfOD; &SdcJhw,f/
ol[m qif;&Jw,f/ rdkufrJw,f/ t&ifb0wkef;u aumufuspfpOf;vJcJhvdkY
ckb0rSm ukodkvfuH tusKd;ay;raumif;bl;/ tvkyftudkifrJhb0 a&mufae
&w,f/ 'DtxJ om;orD;awGu rsm;ao;owJ/h 'gaMumihf ol[m rdom;pkeYJ
twl vSnfhvnfoGm;vmNyD; awmif;&rf;pm;aomufae&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk
vSnhfvnffoGm;vmae&mu wpfcgusawmh olwdkY[m NrdKUBuD;wpfNrdKUudk
a&mufoGm;MuowJh/ uHtm;avsmfpGmyJ olwdkYrdom;pktm;vHk; tJ'DNrdKUu
olaX;BuD; plV'wåtdrfrSm tvkyf&Muw,f/ om;ESpfa,mufu olaX;BuD;&JU
EGm;awGeJY ypönf;ypö,awGudk xdef;ausmif;wJhtvkyf&w,ff/ olYrdef;ru
awmhtapcHaygh/ oluawmh olaX;BuD;&JU tdrfapmihftjzpfeJY olaX;BuD;
tdref m;rSmyJ ae&owJ/h
wpfaeYawmh olaX;BuD; plV'wå&UJ orD; r*Fvm{nhcf yH u JG si;f yw,f/
'DyGJudk owdkYom; rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;awG? taysmfusL;olawG trsm;tjym;
wufa&mufMuowJh/ [m&Dqmrefuvnf; tiff; 'DaeYawmh qDOD;axmywf
awG?tom;awG? t&omxl;wJh tpm;tpmawG tefxu G af tmifpm;&awmhrmS
yJvdkYxifxm;owJh/ olaX;BuD;tdrfrSm tvkyfvkyfMuwJh olwdkYrdom;pkvnf;
olYvdkpm;&rSm trSefyJvdkY xGufxm;vkdufw,f/ ol[m tJ'Dvkd w0wNyJ
pm;zdkYjyifxm; arQmfvihfxm;ayr,fh wu,fwrf;usawmh olYudk b,folrS
owdr&Mubl;wJh/ 'gaMumihf 'DyGJrSm ol bmrS rpm;vdkuf&bl;/ tawmhfudk
atmihfoufouff jzpfoGm;owJh/ pdwfvnf;emoGm;owJh/ nusawmh
emusnf;pdwf rukefEdkifao;bJ olYrdef;rudk ajymw,f/
][if;? ig qiff;&JvdkY rdkufvdkY ckvdkrav;rpm; qufqHcH&wm?
'Dawmhy&d,m,foHk;NyD; arSmfynmwwfwJhyHk ig[efaqmiffr,f/ 'grS plV'wå
olaX;&JU tav;pm;cHy*k Kd¾ vfjzpfvmr,f? uJ tcgtcGiahf pmihNf yD; ig arSmyf nm
wwfwJhtaMumif; olaX;BuD;odatmif vkyfayawmh}
[m&Dqmref[m olYpum;udk jyefpOf;pm;&if;u wpfp wpfp
nOfheufvmw,f/ vlawGtm;vHk; tdyfarmusukefNyDjzpfayr,fh ol rtdyfEdkif
ao;bl;/ tBuH&adS ewmud;k / tawmfukd nOfeh ufvmawmh ol[m olaX;BuD;
orufp;D wJh jrif;udk xcd;k awmhowJ/h ol[m jrif;udt k awmfa0;wJh wpfae&mxd
,lomG ;NyD; 0Sux f m;vdu k wf ,f/ NyD;rS cyfwnfwnfeYJ tdyaf eowJ/h tJ reuf
vif;awmh jrif;aysmufreS ;f wpftrd v f ;kH odomG ;Muwmaygh/ 'geJY ae&mtESYHtjym;
vdkuf&SmMuw,f/ rawGUbl;/ olaX;BuD; plV'wåtwGufvnf; 'g[m
raumif;wJh twdwef rd w d rf Ykd pdwrf aumif;jzpfomG ;owJ/h 'gayrJh jrif;udak wmh
BudK;pm;&Sm&ao;wmaygh? 'DtcsdefrSm [m&Dqmref&JU rdef;ru olaX;BuD;qD
a&mufvmNyD; ]uRefr cifyeG ;f [m ynm&Sijf zpfygw,f? eu©wef YJ arSmyf nmrSm
txl;uRrf;usifESHYpyfygw,f/ ol[m aysmufoGm;wJh jrif;ukd jyef&atmif
a[may;Ekid rf ,f xifygw,f? olYukd olaX;BuD; bmaMumihf ar;rMunhw f mvJ/
ar;Munhf&if aumif;r,fxiffygw,f} vdkY wkdufwGef;ajymqdkowJh/ 'Dawmh
plV'wåolaX;BuD;u [m&Dqmrefudk csufcsif;tac:vTwfvdkufNyD; ar;awmh
wmaygh/ tJ'Dvdkar;awmh [m&Dqmrefu ]tif; raeYuawmh usKyfudk
arhaeMuw,f? uaeY jrif;aysmufoGm;rSyJ owd&Muovm;} vdkY cyffaxhaxh
ajymvdkufowJh/ 'Dawmh plV'wåu ][kwfw,fAsm? cifAsm;udk uRefawmf
arhoGm;w,f? cGihfvGTwfyg} vdkY rsufajypum; ajym&awmhwmaygh/ NyD;rS
jrif;olc;kd udk azmfxw k af y;zdYk awmif;yefvu kd of wJ/h 'DtcgrSm [m&Dq d mrefu
vkyBf uHzefw;D xm;wJh r[kww f ½kwyf akH wG trsK;d rsK;d qGNJ yD; ]jrif;udk olc;kd awGu
'Dae&m&JU awmifbuf e,fpyfwpfae&mrSm 0Sufxm;w,f? ck tJ'Dae&mrSm
&Sdaewkef;yJ? rMumcif ydka0;wJhae&mudk a&TUMuvdrfhr,f? olwdkY a&TUroGm;cif
jrefjrefomG ;,lvu kd yf g? aeawmif0ifawmhr,f? tcsed o f yd rf &Sad wmhb;l / jrefjref
om oGm;Muayawmh} vdkY a[mvdkufowJh/
a[mNyD;wmeJY wNydKifwnf; olaX;BuD;&JUvlawGu tajy;tvTm;
xGuo f mG ;Muw,f/ ajymvdu k wf ahJ e&mrSm jrif;udk wef;awGUw,f/ olwYkd [m
jrif;udk,lNyD; jyefvmcJhMuawmh [m&Dqmref&JU ynmpGrf;udk csD;rGrf;rukef
jzpfMuowJh/ 'DaeYupNyD; [m&Dqmrefudk ynm&SdBuD;tjzpfeJY tm;vHk;u
*kPfjyKMuw,f/ [m&Dqmrefuvnf; olaX;BuD; plV'wå&JU *kPfjyKcH&if;
aysmfaysmf&iT &f iT f qufaevmawmhowJ/h
'DvdkeJY &ufawGtawmfMumoGm;NyD;wJhaemufykdif; wpfaeYrSm bk&ifh
eef;awmfxu J a&T aiG vuf0wf&wem tajrmuftjrm; tck;d cHvu kd &f owJ/h
olc;kd udv
k nf;rod? rrdavawmh bk&ifBuD;u [m&Dqmrefukd tjrefq;Hk vmzdYk
qifhac:vdkufw,f/ bk&ifBuD;xHa&mufwJhtcg pOf;pm;csdef&atmifvdkY
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]eufjzefraS [myghr,f t&Sirf if;BuD;} vdYk avQmufowJ/h 'Dawmh bk&ifBuD;u

olYukd tcef;wpfcef;xJxnfhNyD; tapmifhta&SmufawGcsxm;w,f/ [m&D
qmref 0rf;enf;yufvuf jzpf&NyDaygh/ ynm&Sad ,mifaqmifcrhJ ad ywmuk;d /
'gayrJh uHrsm;aumif;csifawmh
eef;awmfrSm ]ZD0}qdkwJh tysKdawmfav;wpfyg; &SdowJh/ ZD0qdkwm
wpfenf;tm;jzifh vQmvdkY t"dyÜm,fxGufw,f/ wu,fawmh 'DtysKdawmf
uav;uyJ olYtpfudk tultnDeYJ &wemawGc;kd cJw h m tysKdawmfuav;[m
[m&Dqmref&JU ynmpGrf;udkvnf; Mum;zl;xm;? odzl;xm;avawmh odyfukd
vefYaeawmhwmaygh? wpfcsed v f ;Hk wkev f yI af csmufcsm;aeawmhowJ/h nusawmh
pdwfNidrfatmifukd rxdef;EdkifawmhvdkY [m&Dqmrefukdxm;wJh tcrf;tem;
wdwfwdwfuav;oGm;NyD; tcef;wHcg;rSm em;uyfaxmifvdkufowJh/
[m&Dqmref bmawGajymaew,fqw dk m od&atmifaygh/ 'Dvakd csmif;em;axmif
cdkuf [m&Dqmrefuvnf; ynm&SifBuD;jzpfw,fvdkY tajcmufwkduf<um;vkH;
xkwfcJhwJh olYvQmudk jypfwifrqkH; jzpfaeowJh/
][if vQm&JU vdkcsifOD;[Jh? aumufuspfvSwJh vQmawmh rMumcif
tjypf'Pf cH&awmhrSmygvm;aemf} wHcg;em; uyfem;axmifaewJh ZD0u
[m&Dqmref ajymaeoHawGukd aumif;aumif;BuD; Mum;ae&w,f/
em;axmif&if; aMumufvmw,f/ 'Dynm&SifBuD;uawmh ightaMumif;awG
odaeNyDvdkY awG;xifrdNyD; wqwfqwfwkefvmw,f/ aemufqkH;awmh
ZD0[m taMumufvGefNyD; [m&Dqmref&Sd&m tcef;xJta&muf BudK;pm;0if
oGm;w,f/tcef;xJa&mufwt hJ cg wu,fah rSmq f &mBuD;tjzpf xifrw S x f m;wJh
[m&Dqmref&UJ ajctpku H dk OD;cdu
k x f m;awmhowJ/h OD;cdu k &f if;vnf;]t&Sijf A[®P
bk&ifh&wemrsm;ukd cdk;,lrdwJh uRefr ZD0[m 'Dae&mrSm a&mufcJh&ygNyD?
uRerf [m &wemawGudk ck;d ,lNyD;taemufO,smOfaf wmxJu ovJyifatmuf
rSm jr§Kyfxm;ygw,f? t&SifjA[®PxHrSm tvkH;pkH 0efcHNyD;NyDrdkY uRefrukd
csr;f omay;ygawmh? a[m'D uRerf ykid w f hJ a&Ttenf;i,fuv kd nf; oem;ojzifh
vufcHyg t&SifjA[®P} vdkY toem;cHawmhowJh/
ZD0 ajymjywmukd Nidrfem;axmifNyD;wJhaemuf [m&Dqmrefu 0Hh0Hh
<um;<um;eJY NyHK;NyHK;BuD; ajymvkdufowJh/
]aumif;vSygNyD? uJ oGm;aya&mh? trSefawmh tm;vkH;ukd ig odNyD;
jzpfayw,f? ig[m twdwf ypöKyÜef tem*wfqdkwJh umvokH;yg;udkvnf;
odw,f? bmyJjzpfjzpfav ckudpörSmawmh rif;tay: tjypfykHrcsygbl;?
rif;uvJ ightumtuG,fukd awmif;cHxm;wJh oem;p&m owå0gruav;
jzpfaerSu;dk uG,}f
tysKdawmfuav;[m olajymorQ ,kMH unfpw d cf sNyD; cyfouG o f u G f
jyefxGufoGm;owJh/ 'DawmhrS [m&Dqmref[m olYb0&JU qef;Mu,fykHukd
wtHwMo pOf;pm;&if;u ]tif; tm;upm;rSm jzpfwwfwJhoabmtwkdif;
ygyJuvm;? uHMur®mu rjzpfEdkifwmawGudk jzpfvmatmif zefwD;ay;
wwfw,f? ab;tEÅ&m,feJY tifrwefukd eD;uyfaewJh ckvdk tcsdefrsKd;rSm
vGwfajrmufEdkifr,fh tcGifhta&;ay:vmvdrfhr,fvdkY b,folawG;rdrSmvJ?
ckyJMunfhav? igu ighvQmudk tjypfwifaecsdefrSm olckd;r rdvQmu igh
ajc&if; csufcsif; 0yfqif;vm&w,f? trSefawmh vQdKU0SufusL;vGefxm;wJh
&mZ0wfrIrSeforQ aMumufpdwfaMumifh ay:&wmcsnf;yJ jzpfw,f} vdkY
tajzxkwv f u
kd o f wJ/h
tJ'v D kd olYb0taMumif; jyefawG;&if; 'Dtcef;xJrmS aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT ef YJ
wpfnwmtcsed u f u dk ek v
f eG af pvdu
k wf ,f/ reufusawmh ol[moda,mifum;
vkyfNyD; bk&ifBuD;ukd O,smOfawmfxJ ac:cJhw,f/ &wemawGjr§Kyfxm;&m
ovJyifatmufukd OD;wnfavQmufvmw,f/ ol[m ae&mudkjyNyD;
&wemtcsdKUukdawmh olcdk;u ,loGm;NyDjzpfw,fvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/
ajymwJhtwkdif; wl;MunfhwJhtcg &wemawGudk jyefawGUw,f/
bk&ifBuD; odyfauseyfawmfrloGm;vdkU &GmawGu
aumufcH&&SdwJh tcGefawmfaiGawG ay;oem;awmff
rlvdkufowJh/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
bk&ifBuD; b,favmufyt J m;&auseyfayr,fh ]'Dzemeif} trnf&w dS hJ

trwfBuD;wpfa,mufuawmh vkH;0 rauseyfwJhtjyif [m&Dqmreftay:
oHo,awmif 0ifowJh/ 'geJY bk&ifem;uyfoGm;NyD; ]arSmfynm&yfqdkif&m
usrf;awGudk ravhvmbJ vlawGykdifqkdifEdkifwJhtpGrf;rsKd;ukd b,fvdkvkyfNyD;
vlom;wpfOD;u ydkifqdkifEdkifrSmvJ t&Sifrif;BuD;? ckudpöu olcdk;awGeJY
vQdKU0SufqufoG,fNyD; aiG&zdkY ,kwåd&Sd&Sd vdrfnmvkdufjcif;omjzpfaMumif;
txyfxyfawG;rdzdkY oifhvSygw,f? 'Dawmh y&d,m,fwpfrsKd;okH;NyD; xyfrH
prf;oyfMunfh&if aumif;r,fxifygw,f} vdkY tBuHay;vkdufowJh/
'Dawmh bk&ifBuD;u zm;av;wpfaumi;fxnfx h m;wJh tk;d wpfv;Hk ukd
tzkH;ydwfNyD; ,lvmzdkY pdwfvdkvuf& ckdif;vdkufw,f/ tkd; a&SUawmfarSmuf
a&mufwJhtcg ]uJ jA[®P? 'Dtkd;xJrSm bm&SdovJ? trSeftwkdif;ajymEdkif&if
uk, d af wmfjrwfu uaeYyJ tBuD;tus,f oifu h kd *kPjf yKyghr,f}vdYk bk&ifBuD;
pum;vnf;qk;H a&m [m&Dqmrefu ]tif; ighaemufq;Hk tcsed af wmh a&mufvm
NyD}vdYk awG;rdNyD; ody0f rf;enf;oGm;awmhowJ/h 'gayrJu h aH umifcsiv f Ykdvm;awmh
rodbl;/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ olYzcifay;cJhwJh i,femrnf? ]zm;uav;} ukdyg
zswfceJ trSwf&vdkufowJh/ ol[m qkd;vSwJhuHMur®mtaMumif; awG;av
awG;av aqG;rajyjzpfvmvdkY i,femrnf ]zm;uav;} udk xkwfxkwfNyD;
0rf;yef;wenf; a&&Gwrf v d u
dk o
f wJ/h
]zm;uav; b,fhES,f&Sdp? a[m'D vSywJhtdk;[m u,foluif;wJh
ri;fb0udk zsufqD;r,fholtjzpf rMumcif ajymif;awmhr,f xifyg&JUuG,f}
zm;uav;&JUtoH Mum;vdu k ½f eHk YJyJ tJ'eD m;rSm&Sw d vhJ al wG tm;vk;H u
Mobmvufcyk af wG wajzmif;ajzmif; wD;vdu k Mf uw,f? bmaMumifv h q J akd wmh
olajymvkdufwmeJY tkd;xJrSm&SdwmeJYu wpfxyfwnf;jzpfaewmukd;/ vlawG
tm;vkH;u ][m odyfukdpGrf;wmyJ? wu,fh ynm&SdBuD;yJa[h? tkd;xJrSm
zm;&SdwJhtaMumif;awmif odw,f} vdkY &ifoyfNyD; wtHhwMo ajymrqkH;
jzpfMuowJh/ bk&ifBuD;uvnf; ]'g[mjzifh arSmfynmpGrf;aMumifhom
jzpf&awmhr,f} vdkY awG;NyD; tvGeftrif;auseyfoGm;w,f/ [m&Dqmrefudk
ydkrdkrsm;jym;wJh &GmawGu tcGefaiGawG? a&TawG ay;w,f/ xD;jzLwpfvufeJY
EdkifiHawmfokH; ,mOftrsKd;rsKd;ukdyg csD;jr§ifhowJh/
'DvdkeJY [m&Dqmref[m csrf;om<u,f0oGm;awmhowJh/
n
urÇmh&ef acG; eJY aMumif

[kda&S;tcgu a&TvufpGyfuav;wpfuGif; ydkifqdkifxm;wJh vifr,m;
ESpfa,muf &SdcJhw,f/ 'Da&TvufpGyfuav;[m odyfudk vmbfaumif;w,f/
olYukd ydkifqkdifolrSeforQ aumif;aumif;rGefrGef aexkdifpm;aomufEdkifw,f/
'gayrJh 'Dvifr,m;u olwYkd vufpyG [ f m vmbfaf umif;wJh vufpyG jf zpfreS ;f
rodMubl;/ 'gaMumifh wpfaeYrSm aps;enf;enf;av;eJY a&miff;xkwfvdkuf
Muw,f/ tif; vufpGyfvnf;xGufoGm;a&m olwdkYvifr,m;vnf; qif;&J
onfxuf qif;&JvmawmhwmyJ/ aemufq;Hk xrif;awmif eyfrrSeaf wmhb;l /
olwYkdtrd rf mS acG;wpfaumifeYJ aMumifwpfaumifvnf;arG;xm;w,f/
vlawmifpm;zkYd tEdik Ef ikd jf zpfaerSmawmh acG;eJYaMumif iwfawmhwmaygh/ 'Dawmh
acG;eJYaMumifu olwdkYocifawG jyefNyD;uHaumif;vmatmif b,fvdkvkyf
MuHaqmifay;&rvJvdkY pOf;pm;Muw,f/ tpmrpm;Mu&wmuvnf; &uf
tawmfMumNyDrdkY AdkufxJrSm wMuKwfMuKwfjrnfaeNyDaygh/ tJvkdjrnfav
olwkdY OD;aESmufawGudk aoG;MuavyJ/
aemufqkH;rSm acG;u tBuHaumif;wpfck &vdkufw,f/
]wdkYocifawG&JUvufpGyf jyef&rSukd jzpfr,f? tJ'DvufpGyf[m arSmf
vufpyG jf zpfrmS aocsmw,f}
'Dawmh aMumifu
]jzpfEikd w
f ,f? 'gayrJh ]vDzif;}u vufpyG u f 0dk ,fomG ;NyD; aowåmxJ
xnfh aomhcwfxm;rSm? aemuf olaewmvnf; yef;&yfuGuf? tdrfu
tBuD;BuD;? tkwef &H jH rifjh rifBh uD;awG umxm;vdu k af o;w,f? t0ifaygufrmS u
oHwHcg;BuD;eJY ? b,folrS 0ifr&bl;}
'Dae&mrSm acG;u olYtBuHtpnfukd zGifhajymvkdufw,f/
]rif;u <uufwpfaumifukd zrf;&vdrfhr,f? zrff;rdwJh<uufudk
vDzif;tdrfac:oGm;? [dka&mufawmh oHwHcg;atmufuwGm;NyD; txJ0ifaygh?
tdrxf aJ &mufwmeJY <uufukd aowåmudu k af zmufcikd ;f ? wu,fvYkd udu k af zmuf
ay;zkdY jiif;ae&if udkufowfypfr,fvdkYomajym? 'grS <uufu ukdufazmuf
ay;rSm}
acG;&JUpdwful;ukd aMumifu odyfoabmusNyD; <uufwpfaumifukd
t&zrf;vdu k wf ,f/ NyD;awmh vDzif; tdru f odk mG ;w,f/ acG;uawmh aemufu
vdkufcJhwmaygh/ vrf;rSm jrpfwpfckeJYawGUvdkY aMumifukd ausmay:wifNyD;
acG;crsmjzwful;cJh&w,f/ tdrfxJa&mufawmh aMumifu <uufudk aowåm
&SdwJhtcef;xJ ac:vmcJhw,f/ aMumifcdkif;wJhtwkdif;yJ <uufu aowåmukd
udkufazmufNyD; vufpGyfudk ,lay;&w,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
aMumif[m vufpGyfukd yg;pyfxJxnfhikHvkdufNyD; acG;apmifhaer,fh

jrpfqdyfta&muf tvsiftjrefajy;vmcJhw,f/ acG;eJYaMumif jrpfukd twlwl
jzwfu;l MuNyD; tdrb f uftaomhEiS v f mMuw,f/ olwYdk ocifawGudk vufpyG f
jyefay;csiaf ZmeJY vmvdu k Mf uwm arm& yef;&rSe;f awmif odyrf odMubl;aygh/
'gayrJh odwt hJ wkid ;f yJ acG;qkwd m ajrjyifay:rSmyJajy;Edik w f m? olYcrsm
tdrfa&mufatmif tdrfawGukdywf? vrf;awGjzwfcJh&w,f/ aMumifuawmh
acgifr;kd awGay:vnf; ajy;Edik w f mrdYk acG;xufapmNyD; tdraf &mufomG ;wmaygh/
a&mufa&mufcsi;f yJ ocifawGvufxJ vufpyG u f dk aMumifu xnhv f u
dk w
f ,f/
'Dawmh olYocifu ZeD;jzpfolukd
]Munfph rf;? odyaf wmfwhJ aMumifyu J mG ? olYudk wdUk orD;&if;vdYk oabm
xm;NyD; tNrJwrf;auR;arG;&r,f? *½kpdkuf&r,f} vdkY ajymjyxm;vkdufw,f/
tcsdet f awmfMumrS acG;a&mufvmw,f/ 'Dawmh ocifu qD;½du k f
w,f/ vufpyG jf yef&zkYd ta&;rSm ruln&D aumi;fvm;qkNd yD; Budr;f armif;w,f/
aMumifuawmh rD;zdak b;rSmxkid v f Ykd ausauseyfeyf jrnfoaH wGay;vdYk
aygh/ bmwpfceG ;f rSvJ 0ifrajymbl;/
acG;b,fcHEdkifrvJ/ aMumiftay: odyfukd a'goxGufrdwmaygh/
wu,fawmhaMumif[m ol&r,fh qkvmbfBuD;ukv d ,
k ol mG ;wmyJr[kwv f m;/
'gaMumifv h nf;acG;[maMumifujdk rifwidk ;f vku d zf rf;zdYkBudK;pm;wmaygh/
'Dvekd YJ yJ 'Dtcsdeu
f pNyD; uaeYtxd acG;eJYaMumif[m &efoBl uD;awG
jzpfvmawmhwmyJw/hJ
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tif'½kd;uJvfeJY jcaoFhBuD;
wpfnrSmaygh/ zdeyfryg ajcAvmeJY vlwpfa,muf[m tajymus,fwJh
tmz&du oJuEÅm&BuD;ukd jzwfNyD;ajy;aew,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY olYt&dyfu
oleJY ,SOfajy;aeovdk xif&w,f/ trSefawmh 'DoJuEÅm&BuD;xJrSm
vlqv dk Ykd owl pfa,mufy&J wdS ,f/ 'gayrJh &efow l pfO;D OD;u vduk zf rf;aew,f
txifeJY ol pGwfajy;aewmyJ/
Mumawmh olYajcaxmufawG aygufNyJNyD; aoG;awGxGufvmw,f/
'gayrJh 'Pf&mudk rrlEikd af o;bl;/ emusirf I a0'emukv d nf; *½krxm;Edik b
f ;l /
toufab;u vGwfatmifyJ ol qufajy;ae&w,f/ olYemrnfu
]tif'½kd;uJvf} wJh/ ol[m aiG0,fuRefwpfa,mufaygh/ tck olxGufajy;cJh
wmav/ wu,fvdkYom a&mrppfom;awGu olYukd jyefzrf;rdoGm;&if
owfypfrSm aocsmw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; ol r&yfrem; ajy;aewmaygh/
'Dtcsdef[m a&S;acwfa&mrrsm; aumif;pm;aecsdefjzpfw,f/ a&mr
uRefaps;rSm olYocifu olYudk 0,f,loGm;w,f/ aemufawmh tmz&durSm
ckdif;zdkY olYocifu oabFmay: wifydkYvkdufw,f/ olYocif[m olYukd
&uf&ufpufpuf jyKrlcJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh tif'½dk;uJvf[m wpfaeYwpfjcm;
pdwfqif;&Jvmw,f/ raysmfr&Tifjzpfvmw,f/ aemufqkH; onf;rcHEkdif
jzpfvmw,f/ 'gaMumifh ol xGufajy;zkdY qkH;jzwfvdkufw,f/
wu,fah wmhxu G af jy;zkYdrvG,b
f ;l / nrsm;rSmqd&k ifoYlajcaxmufudk
oHBudK;eJY csnfxm;w,f/ aeYtcgrSmvnf; tapmifhwpfa,mufu tem;rSm
tNrJ&adS ewwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh xGuaf jy;Edik zf Ykd tcGit hf vrf;ukd pdw&f n S &f nS ef YJ
tMumBuD;apmifh&w,f/ aemufqkH;awmhvnf; apmifhEdkif&iftusKd;&Sdqkdovdk
tcGifhtvrf;u ay:vmw,f/ wpfaeYawmh olYtem;rSm b,folrSr&Sdbl;/
'DtcGifhta&;ukd t&trd,lNyD; tkwfeH&Hukd ausmfwufNyD; xGufajy;cJhwmyJ/
oJuEÅm&BuD;ukd jzwfajy;aecdu k rf mS ol odyu f adk Mumuf&UHG pd;k &draf e
w,f/ ESv;Hk ckeo f u H ajcoHvkd jyif;aew,f/ olYaemufu wpfa,mufa,muf
vdkufaervm;qdkwJh oHo,pdwfu olYukd tcsdefjynfh ESdyfpufaew,f/
'DoHo,pdwfeJY tm;ukefxkwfNyD; ajy;Edkifoavmuf ajy;aewmyJ/
Mumawmhvnf; ajy;EdkifpGrf; r&Sdawmhbl;/ armvGef;vdkY bmukdrS
owdrxm;Edkifawmhbl;/ aMumuf&rSmudkawmif arhoGm;awmhw,f/ 'Dtcsdef
rsdK;rSm ol wpfckyJodw,f/ em;zdkYaygh/ uHtm;avsmfpGmyJ a&SUrvSrf;rurf;rSm
*lwpfcu k kd oljrifvu dk w
f ,f/ olbmrS rawG;awmhbJ *lxw J mG ;0ifvukd w f ,f/
txJa&mufwmeJY csufcsif;yJ ol tdyfaysmfoGm;w,f/
aemufwpfaeY aexGufvmwJhtxd rEdk;bl;/ 'gayrJh ½kwfw&uf
ay:xGuv f mwJh tifrwefus,favmifwhJ [de;f oHBuD;aMumifh ol vefYE;kd vm
w,f/tdyaf e&mu olcsucf si;f vl;vJxvdu k Nf yD; *l0ukd vSr;f Munhv f u kd w f ,f/
vm; vm; jcaoFhBuD;yguvm;? wu,fhawmhol[m jcaoFhBuD;&JU *lxJ
0iftdyfrd&uf jzpfaewmukd;/ jcaoFhBuD;[m wpfnvkH;tpm&SmNyD; tck olY
*lqD jyefvmcJhwmyJ/ tif'½l;bmvkyf&rvJ/ olYrSm "m;uav;wpfvuf?
wkwu f av;wpfacsmif;awmif r&Sb d ;l ? 'gaMumifh 'Dwpfcgjzifh b0ed*;Hk csKyNf yDvYkd
ol wGufxm;vdkufw,f/ tif; wpfnwm vGwfajrmufrI&NyD;cgrS ao&
awmhr,f/ olodyfukdaMumuf&GHUaew,f/ taMumtcsOfawG qkdif;aew,f/
bmrS rBuHwwfawmhwt hJ qk;H rSm ol[m rsupf pd rHk w dS Nf yD; jcaoFBh uD;cket f yk rf ,fh
tcsdeu f odk m apmifah erdawmhw,f/
'gayrJh
ol wGufxm;ovdk olYb0ed*kH; csKyfroGm;bl;? jcaoFhBuD;u olYukd
ckerf tkybf ;l av/ *l0rSmom&yfaeNyD; ememusiu f sif atmfaew,f/ 'gaMumifh
tif'½dk;uJvfu rsufpdzGifhNyD; vSrf;Munfhvdkufawmh jcaoFhBuD;u a&SUajc
wpfacsmif;ukd vQmeJYvsufaewm jrifvdkufw,f/ tJ'Dajcaxmufu aoG;
awG oJjyifay:pD;usaewmudkvnf; awGUvkdufw,f/ ajcaxmufrSm pl;BuD;
wpfacsmif; pl;aewmudk;/ tif'½dk;uJvf[m Muifemoem;wwfoljzpfvdkY
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tEÅ&m,fuakd wmif *½krpdu k Ef ikd af wmhbJ jcaoFBh uD;ajcaxmufudk vufwpfzuf

eJY tomt,mudkifwG,fvdkufw,f/ NyD;awmh usefvufwpfzufeJY ql;BuD;
ukd qGJEkwfvkdufw,f/ jcaoFhBuD;em&SmvGef;vdkY toHukef atmfvkdufw,f/
'gayrJh ½ke;f awmhr½ke;f bl;/ ql;BuD;xGuo f mG ;wJt
h cg jcaoFBh uD;u tifrwefYukd
aus;Zl;wifwJhtMunfhrsKd;eJY tif'½kd;udk Munffhw,f/ NyD;awmh tif'½dk;
rsufESmudk vQmeJYvsufay;w,f/
tif'½dk; odyf 0rf;omoGm;wmaygh/ ol[m jcaoFhBuD;&JUacgif;udk
yGwo f yfay;w,f/ NyD;rS rif; odyu f o
kd wåad umif;wmyJ} vdYk ajymjyvku d wf ,f/
tJ aemufykdif;awmh odyfukd qef;us,fw,fvdkY ajymEdkifavmufwJh
jzpf&yfwpfck ay:vmwmyJ/ jcaoFheJYvl twl,SOftdyfMuwJh jzpf&yfaygh/
olwkdYESpfOD; rdwfaqGawG jzpfoGm;MuNyDukd;/ tJ'D*lxJrSmyJ okH;ESpfvkH;vkH;
olwdkYtwlaeMuw,f/
tcsdefawG MumvmwmeJYtrQ tif'½dk;uJvf[m jcaoFhBuD; tay:
,kHMunfpdwfcsvmw,f/ uReftjzpfeJY ae&wmxuf jcaohFBuD;eJY tckvdk
vGwfvGwfvyfvyfae&wm trsm;BuD;aumif;w,fvdkY xifw,f/ 'gayrJh
ysif;ovdkawmh cHpm;&w,f/ pum;ajymazmfwpfa,muf&Sd&ifaumif;rSmyJvdkY
awG;rdw,f/ tif; NcHKajym&&if ol[m vlawmxJ jyef0ifcsifpdwf ay:vm
w,faygh/ 'Dpdwfudk wm;rEdkifqD;r&wJhtcg 'D*leJY jcaoFhBuD;ukd xm;cJhNyD;
vlawGMum; jyefoGm;zdkY qkH;jzwfvdkufw,f/
tif; olY tqk;H tjzwfukd taumiftxnfazmfvu dk w
f t
hJ cgrSmawmh
tif'½dk;uJvfwpfa,muf uHraumif;&Smawmhbl;/ bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh
vkNH cHKpw
d cf s&r,haf e&mra&mufcif a&mrppfom;awGu olYukd zrf;rdomG ;vdYkayhg/
uReftjzpf cwfESdyfxm;wJhtrSwftom;udk jrifwJhtcg ppfom;awGu
olYukd rSwfrdoGm;Muw,fav/
xGuaf jy;wJu
h Reaf wGu'kd PfcwfwmtifrwefYudk &ufpufveG ;f w,f
,kwfrmvGef;w,f/ ppfom;awGu olwkdYukd a&mrjyefykdYvkdufw,f/ a&mr
a&mufwt hJ cg wd&pämeft½dik ;f awGeYJ ,OS o f wfcikd ;f awmhwmyJ/'DyrJG sKd;ukd aysmfyJG
&TifyGJtjzpf bk&ifukd,fwkdifu pDpOfwmyJ/ &uftawmfMum tpmrauR;bJ
xm;wJh wd&pämef½kdif;eJY owfuGif;xJrSm owf&w,f/ uRefukd ayghyg;wJh
vSu H av;wpfacsmif;omay;w,f/ 'Dvu HS av;eJY yxrwpfaumifukd tao
owfEdkif&if aemufxyfwpfaumifukd vTwfay;jyefwmyJ/ raorcsif;
owf&wJo h abmaygh/
jyeftzrf;cH&NyD;wJah emuf &ufowåywfaygif;rsm;pGmMumoGm;wJt h cg
tif'½k;d uJvw f pfa,mufvnf; owfuiG ;f BuD;xJ tydYkc&H &Smw,f/ owfuiG ;f
xJrmS awmh olwpfa,mufwnf;aygh/ owfuiG ;f ywfvnfrmS jrifrh m;wJt h wk ef &H H
umxm;w,f/ tkwfeH&HaemufrSmu avSum;xpfoP²mef yGJMunfhpifawG
&Sdw,f/ 'DpifawGay:rSm axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom yGJMunfhy&dowfawG
xkdifaeMuNyD/ bk&ifeJY olYrdwfaqGuawmh taumif;qkH;ae&mawGudk
,lxm;Muw,f/
owfuGif;xJ0ifvm&uwnf;u tif'½dk;uJvf[m ywf0ef;usif
wpfckvkH;ukd tuJcwfvdkufw,f/ 'DtcsdefrSmyJ owfuGif;wpfzufrSm&SdwJh
avSmiftdrfxJu tifrwef½dkif;ysNyD; qmavmifrGwfodyfaewJh jcaoFhBuD;
wpfaumifajy;xGuv f mw,f/ cktcgrSmawmh ywf0ef;usiu f dk tuJcwfaewJh
tif'½d;k uJv[ f m 'DjcaohBF uD;uvGNJ yD; bmudrk S rjrifEikd af wmhb;l / &Jpw
d vf nf;
arG;vdkuf&w,f/ olu owdå&Sd&Sd aooGm;csifw,fav/
'gayrJh odyuf dk acsmufcsm;aewm trSeyf /J vufawG wqwfqwf
wkefaew,f/ udkifxm;wJhvSHawmif vGwfusoGm;rwwf jzpfoGm;w,f/
&ufpufvSwJh yGJMunhfy&dowfuawmh w0g;0g; w[m;[m; &,farmvdkY?
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
atmf[pfvYkd aygh/ jcaoFBh uD;u tif'½d;k uJvq f D [de;f a[mufNyD; wpf[ek x f ;dk
ajy;vmwJt h cgrSmawmh y&dowf[m pdwaf wGvyI &f mS ;vmMuNyD; xkid af e&mu
xMunfMh uw,f/ 'gayrJh ½kww f &ufyJ olwYkdtm;vk;H rifoufro d mG ;Muw,f/
owfuGif;wpfckvkH; tyfusoHMum;&avmufatmi wdwfqdwfNidrfouf
oGm;w,f/
bmjzpfvYkdygvdr/hf
Mo? jcaoFhBuD;u vSHudkifxm;NyD; wkdufzdkY toifhtaetxm;eJY
&yfaewJh tif'f ½k;d qDta&muf wpf[ek x f ;dk qufrajy;awmhbJ cyfjznf;jznf;
uav;om avQmufoGm;vdkYukd;/ jcaoFhBuD; eD;uyfvmwJhtcg tif'½kd;
uvnf; ukid x f m;wJv h u
HS dk ypfcsvu
kd wf ,f/ NyD;awmh jcaoFBh uD;&JU vnfyif;ukd
odkif;zufvdkufw,f/ jcaoFFhBuD;uvnf; tif'½dk;uJvf rsufESmukd vQmeJY
vsuaf y;aew,f/
wu,fawmh jcaoFMh uD;[m tif'½k;d uJvef YJ ok;H ESpv f ;Hk vk;H twlwl
aecJhwJh jcaoFhBuD;yJav/ vlwpfa,mufu olYukd oJuEÅm&BuD;xJrSm
t&Sifzrf;rdvdkY a&mrudk ydkYvkdufwm jzpfw,f/
wpfO;D ukw d pfO;D rarhaysmufEikd Mf uwJh rdwaf qGEpS Of ;D yJaygh/ bk&ifu
tif'½d;k uJvu f dk csufcsif;qifah c:vdu k w f ,f/ xl;qef;vSwhJ olYZmwfvrf;ukd
Mum;odvu kd wf t hJ cg olYudk uRefb0u vGwaf jrmufciG ahf y;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
tif'½dk;uJvf[m vGwfvyfwJh a&mrom;wpfa,muf jzpfvmw,f/
jcaoFhBuD;vnf; tif'½dk;uJvfeJYtwl a&mrrSmyJ aew,f/ jcaoFh
BuD;[m opöm&SdwJhacG;vdkY tif'½dk;oGm;&maemuf waumufaumuf vkduf
aew,f/ tpawmh a&mrom;awGu jcaoFhBuD;ukdjrifwmeJY a0;&majy;Mu
w,f/ 'gayrJh aemufykdif;rSmawmh ½kd;oGm;NyDjzpfvdkY raMumufMuawmhbl;wJh/
n
usD;armifESHESifh a>ra[mufeufBuD;
opfyifwpfyifxufrmS usD;zdek YJ usD;r aexkid Mf uw,f/ 'Dopfyifacgif;xJrmS yJ
tifrwefukd tpm;usL;wJh a>ra[mufeufBuD;wpfaumif&jdS yefw,f/ us;D r&JU
uav;i,fuav;awGudk 'Da>ra[mufu pm;vdkufwmcsnf;yJ/ 'gaMumifh
vnf; ckwpfBudrf udk,f0ef&SdvmwJhtcg usD;ru usD;zdkukd
]usD;zk&d ,f uRefrajymwmukd em;axmifprf;ygOD;? uRefrwkYd 'Dopfyifu
a&TUMuygpkYd aemf/ opfacgif;xJrmS [kad >ra[mufeufMuD; &daS eoí uRerf wkYd &hJ
&ifaoG;uav;awG toif&SifEkdifMurSm r[kwfbl;} vkdY ylyifpdwfeJYajymawmh
usD;zkdu
]usD;r&,f rylprf;ygeJYuG,f/ usKyf[m 'Da>ra[mufusL;vGefwJh
aMumufp&m &mZ0wfraI wGudk rsufjcnfrjywf apmihMf unfah ecJyh gw,f/
rif; Munfhaeyg/ wpfaeY 'Da>ra[muf ab;qkd;eJY awGUap&r,f} vkdY usdef
qkjd yD; ESpo
f rd w hf ,f/
'Dawmh usD;ru
]usD;zk&d ,f b,fvv dk yk f tiftm;MuD;rm; wefc;dk xGm;wJh a>ra[mufeuf
MuD;ukd uRefrwkdY xdxda&mufa&muf wm;qD;EkdifrSmvJ} vkdY tm;avQmhpdwfeJY
jyefar;w,f}
usD;zkdu
rylprf;ygeJYus;D r&,f/ uJ tcsed u f ek cf jH yD; 'DtaMumif; rajymMuygeJYpYdk?
vufawGUvkyMf uzkYd tcsdeaf &mufaeygjyD}
]b,fvkd vufawGU vkyfMurSmvJ}
]uJ em;axmif? usKyf ajymjyr,f/ [kd a&S;tcgu ]rif'&mawmif} rSm
&ufpufMurf;MuKwfwhJ jcaoF½h idk ;f MuD; wpfaumif aexkid cf w hJ ,f/ 'DjcaoF½h idk ;f
MuD;[m awmifwpf0kdufu wd&pämefawGudk zrf;qD;pm;aomufw,f/ol
a&muf&m ae&mwkid ;f rSm awGUorQ wd&pämefawGuv kd nf; tukeo f wfpm;wmyJ/
Mumvmawmh zrf;pm;rcH&vkdY usefaewJh wd&pämefawG &ifwxdwfxdwf
jzpfMujyD; pka0;wkid yf ifMuw,f/ jyD;wmeJY jcaoF½h idk ;f MuD;ukd oGm;awGUMuw,f/
]t&Sif jcaoFhrif;? bmaMumifhrsm; t"dyÜm,frJh owfjzwfpm;aomufrI
awGukd qufvufvyk af qmifae&ygovJ/ tpm;wpfvw k t f wGuf jcaoFMh uD;
ukd,fwkdif owfjzwf&wJh tjzpfrsKd;u vGwfuif;&atmif t&SifjcaoFhMuD;eJY
uREyfk w f Ydk tay;t,lwpfck jyKvkyv f ydk gw,f/ uREykf w f Ydku t&Sijf caoFMh uD;xH
om;aumifwpfaumif aeYpOfykdYay;yghr,f/ t&SifNcaoFhMuD; vkdufvHzrf;qD;
owfjzwfru I dk &yfqidk ;f ay;yg} vkYd wifjyawmh jcaoFMh uD; wpfcsuf[ed ;f vku d f
w,f/ jyD;rS
]aumif;jyD/ 'Dtwkdif; oifwkdYjzpfcsifMuw,fqkd&if ig oabmwl
w,f}vkdY ajymvkdufw,f/
tJ'DaeYupjyD; wd&pämefawG[m tay;t,l vkyfxm;wJhtwkdif;
aqmif&u G v f mcJMh uw,f/ jcaoF½h idk ;f MuD;uvnf; oabmwlxm;wJt h wkid ;f
wd&pämefawGudk zrf;qD;owfjzwf rpm;awmhbl;/
wpfaeYusawmh jcaoFh½kdif;MuD;&Jh tpm;cHzkdY ,keftkdMuD;tvSnfh
a&mufvmw,f/ tJ'aD eYrmS ,ket f Mdk uD;u jcaoF½h idk ;f MuD;qD pm;csed rf aD &muf&
avatmif MudKMudKwifwif xGufvmcJhw,f/ vrf;rSm ,keftkdMuD;u cP&yf
pOf;pm;w,f/
]tif; wu,fawmh 'Dvkd tajctaersKd;rSm tpm;cHowå0g[m
½kdusKd;wJhrsufESmeJY awmif;yefc,&rSm trSefyJ/ 'gayr,fh 'Dtpm;usL;wJh
jcaoF½h idk ;f MuD;qDuawmh vGwjf idr;f cGihf b,fvrdk S &Ekid rf mS r[kwb f ;l / 'Dawmh
uk,d ahf owGi;f xJ jrefjrefawmh roGm;bl;/ jznf;Ekid o f rQ jznf;jznf;yJ oGm;r,f/
,keftkdMuD; qufavQmuf vmayr,fh tawG;u rjywfbl;/ aemufqkH;
awmh jcaoF½h idk ;f MuD;aexkid &f mem; a&mufcw hJ maygh/ 'Dawmh qmavmifrw G of yd f
aewJh jcaoFh½kdif;MuD;u a'gowMuD;eJY
]a[h ,keftkd? rif; odyfaemufusygvm;/ awmf awmfjyD/ [kdoGm;
'DomG ; vkyrf aeeJYawmh/ tJ'rD mS yJ &yfaevku d pf rf;} vkYd qD;a[mufjyD; trdeYfay;
vkdufw,f/
'Dawmh ,keftkdMuD;u ÓPfqifjyD;
]aemufuswm uRefawmfhtjypf r[kwf&ygbl;Asm/ vrf;rSm
tifrwefMuD;rm;wJh jcaoFhMuD;wpfaumifu zrf;jyD; uRefawmfhukd rvTwfbJ
xm;vkdYyg/ vTwfygOD;/ csufjcif;jyefvmcJhygr,f} vkdY uwday;awmhrS
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
vTwaf y;ygw,f/ tJ'D xdwv f efYz,

G jf zpf&yftaMumif; t&Siu f adk jymjycsiaf ZmeJY
tarmwaum wef;vmcJhwmygvkdY &Sif;jyvkdufwJhtcg jcaoFh½kdif;MuD;
a'gotrsuf ajcmif;ajcmif;xGuaf wmhw,f/ xde;f rEkid f odr;f r&eJY tus,Mf uD;
[def;vkdufw,f/ jyD;rS
][if olb,frSmvJ? tJ'D t,kwfwrm usL;ausmfvmolqD ighukd
tjrefq;Hk ykYdprf;} vkYd trdeYfay;yga&m/ 'gaMumifh ,ket f Mdk uD;u jcaoF½h idk ;f MuD;ukd
awmxJu a&wGif;eufMuD;qD ac:oGm;w,f/ a&wGif;em;ta&mufrSm
]t&SiMf unfyh gawmh jrefjrefvm ½Ipm;ygawmh} vkYd a&wGi;f ukd ñTejf y&if;
ajymw,f/ jcaoFh½kdif;MuD;[m a&wGif;em; csOf;uyfoGm;jyD; a&wGif;xJ
ikHUMunhfw,f/ 'Dawmh a&wGif;xJuae olYukdjyefMunhfaewJh aMumuffp&m
jcaoFhMuD;wpfaumifukd jrifvkdufwmaygh/ jcaoFh½kdif;MuD;[m aMumufp&m
aumif;avmufatmif tpOf;pm;tqifjcif uif;rJv h mjyD; &ufpufMurf;MuKwf
wJh trlt&mawGjyvmw,f/ aemufq;Hk jcaoF½h idk ;f MuD;[mqufvufonf;rcH
EkdifawmhwJh yHkrsKd;eJY a&wGif;xJu olUt&dyfqDukd ckeftkyfvkdufw,f/
jcaoFhMuD; a&wGif;atmuf jrKyfoGm;jyD; aoqkH;oGm;cJhw,f/
ykHjyifqkH;awmh usD;zkdu usD;rukd
]tJ'gyJ usD;ra& ÓPf&Sdol[m cGeftm;vnf;&dSw,fuGJU} vkdY
ajymjyvku d w
f ,f/
]uRefroabmaygufygjyD/ uJ tck uRefrukd bmvkyfapcsifovJ
ajymyg} vkdY usD;ru xufxufoefoef ar;awmh/
]at;yg? ajymjyrSmyg/ usKyfwkdY&Jh a[m'Dopfyifem;u a&uefrSm
bk&ifhom;awmf tNrJa&vmcsKd;w,fr[kwfvm;/ a&rcsKd;cif rif;om;u
olYvnf&GJwefqmukd cRwfjyD; a&uefem;u ausmufwkH;ay:rSm wifxm;avh
&dw
S ,f/ tJ'v D nfqw JG efqmukd rif;oGm;cscD jhJ yD; a[m'Dopfyif&hJ opfacgif;xJ
om csvkdufayawmh/ vnfqGJwefqm aysmufoGm;wJhtaMumif; odwmeJY
vkduf&SmMurSm trSefyJ/ tJ'Dvkd vkduf&Sm&if; a>ra[mufeufukd awGUMu&if
owfypfrSm aocsmygw,fuGm} vkdY ajymjyvkdufw,f/
aemufwpf&uf bk&ifhom;awmf a&vmtcsKd;rSm usD;zdkeJY usD;ru
olwkdYtpDtpOfukd pepfwustaumiftxnf azmfvkdufMuw,f/
]]'Dawmh a>ra[mufeufMuD; bmjzpfawmhr,fqkdwm &Sif;&Sif;uav;
odEidk Mf ujyDaygh}}
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
usm;jzpf o G m ;wJ h < uuf

[kd a&S;tcgu vlolreD;wJhawmMuD;wpfckxJrSm &aohMuD;wpfyg; aexkdifcJh
w,f/ ol[m omref&aohr[kwb f ;l / wefc;dk £'ÿd g'feYJ jynfph w
Hk hJ olawmfpif
&aohjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; wefckd;&Sif ]yvef;wD;,yf} tjzpfausmfMum;
aew,f/
wpfaeY ol wJem;rSm xkdifaeckduf aumif;uifrSm ysHoef;aewJh usD;
wpfaumif yg;pyftwGif;u <uufuav;wpfaumif vGwfusvmw,f/
owå0gi,fuav;jzpfayr,fh rsm;pGm Muifemoem;rdjyD; <uufuav;us&m
ae&mta&muf &aoh[m cyfoGufoGufvSrf;oGm;w,f/ <uufuav;udk
aumuf,jl yD; wJqjD yefvmcJwh ,f/ &aoh[m <uufuav;udk *½kpu dk w
f ,f/
jyKpkw,f/ olU<uufuav;yrm oabmxm;jyD; auR;arG;w,f/
rMumcif 'D<uufuav;ukd qmavmifrGwfodyfaewJh aMumif
wpfaumifuuku d o
f wfpm;csiwf meJY rn§mrwmvku d zf rf;w,f/ 'Dtjcif;t&m
ukd &aohjrifawmh <uufuav;tay: csppf w d af Mumihf umuG,f u,fq,fzYdk
qEáy:vmjyefw,f/ 'gaMumifh olU<uufuav;udk aemufuvku d zf rf;aewJh
aMumifxufyMdk uD;wJh aMumifwpfaumifjzpfatmif wefc;dk eJY ajymif;vJay;vku d f
w,f/
'DrmS wif jyóemay:awmhwmyJ/
bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh <uufjzpfcJhzl;wJh aMumif[m acG;awGudk
aMumufaevkYd y/J 'gaMumihf 'DaMumifudk acG;jzpfatmif ajymif;ay;&jyefw,f/
tif; acG;jzpfvmjyefawmhvnf; usm;ukd taotvJ aMumufjyefa&m/
'Dawmh aemufq;Hk rSm acG;tjzpfuae aMumufp&maumif;vSwhJ owdcå u J sm;MuD;
wpfaumiftjzpf ajymif;vJay; vku d &f awmhw,f/
'geJYawmif jyóemu rukefcsifao;bl;/ &aohMuD;u 'D<uuf
usm;MuD;ukd <uufuav;wpfaumifjyKpkay;ovkd tNrJjyKpkw,f/ 'D<uuf
usm;MuD;taMumif;odxm;MuwJv h al wGuawmh <uufusm;MuD;ukjd rifavwkid ;f
]a[; [kdrSm [kdrSm MunfhvkdufMuprf;/ usm;MuD;[ usm;MuD;?
ol&JabmaMumifwJh <uufuav;b0uae 'Dvkd usm;MuD; jzpfvmatmif
&aohu weffckd;eJY ajymif;vJay;vkdufwJh ]<uufusm;MuD;ayhg} vkdY vlwum
Mum;atmif avSmifovkd ajymifovkd ajymMuw,f/
acG;b0? aMumifb0? <uufb0? &cJhzl;wJh usm;[m 'DavSmifajymif
oHawG Mum;awmh odyfa'goxGufw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]tif; 'D&aoh touf&SifaeYoa&GU igh&Jh rlv <uufobm0ukd

azmfxkwfjyD; avSmifMu ajymifMuOD;rSmyJ/ igqufjyD; t&Suf& odu©mus&
jzpfaeOD;rSm aocsmw,f/ 'DtjzpfrsKd; qkH;cef;wkdifzkdY wpfvrf;yJ &dSw,f}
'DtawG;eJYtwl <uufusm;MuD;[m tpDtpOf wpfcka&;qGJvkdufw,f/
olqGJvkdufwJh tpDtpOfuawmh aus;Zl;&Sif &aohukd owfypfzkdYyJ/
'gayr,fh wefckd;£'¨dyg'feJY jynfhpkHwJh &aohu <uufusm;&Jh acgif;xJ
owfypfzYdk tawG;0ifvmwmeJY tm;vk;H odvu dk jf yD/ 'gaMumifh &aoh[m <uuf
usm; em; csOf;uyfoGm;jyD; cufcufxefxef rmrmausmausmyJ trdefYay;
vkdufw,f/
]ckcsufcsif; <uufb0 jyefa&mufap}
'DvkdeJY acG;b0? aMumifb0? <uuffb0 &cJhzl;wJh <uufusm;[m
<uufb0 jyefa&mufoGm;&awmhowJh/
n
[k d & mwD , yf p f
wyfpfau;eDbk&if ]vm;pfykdqDem} [m a&mrudk csDwufodrf;ykdufzdkY qkH;jzwf
xm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh EdkifiHtESHYtjym;rSm a&mufaeMuwJhppfonfawmf
awGudkjyefac:,lvdkufw,f/ ppfonfawmftm;vkH; pkpnf;rdwmeJY a&mrudk
csDwufawmhw,f/
vm;pf&JU ppfwyfBuD; csDwufvmwJhowif;udk a&mrawGMum;wJhtcg
ckcH wku d cf u
kd Ef ikd af tmif tBuD;tus,jf yifqifMuw,f/ a&mr teD;wpf0u kd uf
&Gmol &Gmom;awGtm;vk;H a&mrrSm vma&mufppk nf;MuzdYk EI;d aqmfxm;w,f/
wdkifAmjrpfu a&mrukd auGUywfpD;qif;aewJhtwGuf ykdrdk pdwfcs&r,f? ykdrdk
vkNH cKHr,f? 'gaMumifh &Gmol&mG om;awGu a&mrrSm a&GUajymif;aexkid Mf uw,f/
csDwufvmwJh vm;pf&JU ppfwyfBuD;[m &GmawG? ,mcif;awG tm;vkH;udk
rD;½dIYzsufqD;w,f/
a&mrawGu wdkifAmjrpful;wHwm;udk csKd;ypfvdkufzdkYqkH;jzwfMuw,f/
'g[m vm;pf&JU ppfonfawmfawG a&mrxJr0ifEdkifatmif wm;qD;ay;r,fh
wpfcw k nf;aom enf;vrf;yJ/ 'gayrJh tawmfav;awmh aemufusoGm;NyDvYkd
ajym&rSmyJ/ qufom;wpfa,mufu ajy;vmcJhNyD;
]&efolwyfBuD; a&mrem; a&mufvmNyD} vdkY owif;ykdYaeNyDav/
wu,fvnf; owif;ykdYwJhtwkdif; rSefaew,f/ NrdKU½dk;ay:uaeMunfh&if
[dk taemufbufu csDwufvmaewJh &efolwyfBuD;ukd vSrf;jrifae&NyD/
olwkdYvufeufawGu aea&mifxJrSm azG;azG;vufaew,f/ csDwufvm&m
vrf;aMumif;aemufrmS zkev f ;Hk BuD;awG xusef&pfw,f/ jrpfu;l wHwm;csdK;vkYd
rNyD;cifrSm &efolawG a&mrem;a&mufvmEdkifw,f/ jrpful;wHwm;ukd
tcsderf rD csKd;Edik v f Ykd &efoal wG jzwfavQmufvmEdik Nf yDq&dk ifawmh a&mrtwGuf
arQmfvifhcsufqkH;NyD/ b,fvdkrS u,fwifEdkifawmhrSm r[kwfbl;/
'Dtajctaeqku d af ecsderf mS ol&aJ umif; [k&d mwD,yfpu
f
]vlwdkif;wpfcsdefrSm ao&rSmyJ/ wyfpfuifawGvufwGif; a&mr
usroGm;atmif ckcHumuG,f&if;uae aooGm;cJh&if uRefawmfhtwGuf
wu,fhudk *kPf,lp&mBuD;ygyJ? 'Dawmh &orQtcsdefuav;twGif; jrpful;
wHwm;udk atmifatmifjrifjrifcsKd;ypfEdkifatmif tjrefqkH; BudK;pm;Muyg?
uRefawmfeJY rdwfaqGESpfa,mufu wHwm;[kdbufxdyfuae ckcHaeMur,f/
uRefawmfwkdY okH;a,muf[m a[m'DwHwm;BuD;&JU [kdbufxdyf ae&m
usOf;usOf;uav;uae &efolwpfaxmifavmufukd wm;qD;Edkifygvdrhfr,f?
uJ uRefawmfeJYtwl wHwm;[kdbufxdyukd b,folvdkufrvJ}
'DtcgrSm olYrdwfaqG vmwD;,yfpfeJY [mrD;eD;,yfpf a&SUxGuf
vmw,f/ aMumufpdwfuif;wJh ol&Jaumif;okH;a,muf[m vkH;0tcsdefqGJ
raeawmhbJ csw D ufvmwJph pfwyfBuD;ukd ckcwH m;qD;zdYk wHwm;wpfzufxyd u f kd
&ifaumhavQmufoGm;Muw,f/ olwdkY wpfzufxdyfa&mufoGm;wmeJY
a&mrawGu wHwm;udk jrefjrefcsKd;ypfEdkifzdkY pwifvkyfaqmifMuw,f/ [kd
wpfzufxyd rf mS awmh ol&aJ umif;ok;H a,mufwYdk[m &efoal wGa&muftvmudk
rvIyrf ,Suf apmifah eMuav&JU/
rMumbl;? &efolawGuvnf; wHwm;xdyfem; uyfvmaeMuNyD/
wHwm;xdyfudk apmifhMuyfaeMuwJh ppfom;uav; okH;a,mufukdjrifawmh
&efopl pfom;awGu avSmifovdk &,fMuw,f/ csucf si;f qko d vdyk J olwYdkxu
J
owåt d aumif;qk;H ppfom;ok;H a,muf[m "m;BuD;awG a0SU,rf;NyD; ajy;xGuf
vmcJw h ,f/ 'gayrJh a&mrppfom;i,f ok;H a,mufu olwYdkudk tvG,u f av;
eJYyJ &ifqkdifckcHEdkifvkdufw,f/ &efolppfom;okH;a,muf aoG;oH&J&JeJYyJ
wkid Af mjrpfxu J somG ;av&JU/ yxrok;H a,mufusomG ;awmh 'kw, d ok;H a,muf
ajy;xGuv f mcJjh yefw,f/ 'gayrJh yxrok;H a,muf oGm;&mvrf;twkid ;f olwYdk
oGm;Mu&wmyJ/ 'Dawmh wyfpfuifawG odyf r&,f&JMuawmhbl;/ pdwfqkd;
rmefqkd;eJY wkd;wkd; wkd;wdk; vkyfaeMuw,f/ ]tufpfwm xGufwkdufyg} vdkY
atmf[pfawmif;qdkaeMuw,f/ tufpfwmqkdwmuawmh olwkdYtxJrSm
emrnftBuD;qkH; t&J&ifhqkH; twkduftcdkuform;BuD;yJ/
tufpfwmu &ifhaumhNyD; NyHK;xGufvmw,f/ a&SUa&mufwJhtcg
olu wyfpuif ppfom;awGbuf jyefvn S Mhf unfv
h u kd Nf yD;
]wu,fvdkY tufpfwmu a&SUuoGm;&if cifAsm;wkdYu aemufu
vkdufMurSmvm;} vdkY ar;w,f/
olu tajzukd rapmifhbl;? OD;acgif;xufrSm "m;BuD;ukda0SU,rf;NyD;
[kd&mwD,yfpf&Sd&m wpf[kefxkd; ajy;oGm;w,f/ olYa&SUa&mufoGm;wmeJY
tm;ukefckwfawmhw,f/ olY"m;csufu [kd&mwD,yfpf acgif;udk rxdbJ
ajcwpfzufudk xdoGm;w,f/ 'Pf&muaoG;awG pD;usvmwmukd &efol
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ppfom;awG jrifMuawmh tBuD;tus,af ysmo f mG ;NyD; oHuek af tmf[pfMuw,f/

'Pf&m&oGm;wJh [kd&mwD,yfpfudk [mrD;eD;,yfpfu ajy;xlw,f/ 'gaMumifh
[kd&mwD,yfpf cPav;tm;,lcGifh&vkdufw,f/ tm;jynfhvmwmeJY ol[m
a'goxGufaewJh usm;½kdif;wpfaumifvdk ½kwfw&uf xckefNyD; tufpfwmh
rsufcGufBuD;udk "m;eJY jzwfckwfvkdufw,f/ tufpfwm tidkufrdoGm;w,f/
csufcsif; vJus aoqkH;oGm;w,f/ [kd&mwD,yfpf[m tufpfwm tavmif;
BuD;ukd cGxm;NyD;
]uJ rif;wdkYudk wdkY b,fvdk c&D;OD;MudKjyKMuw,fqdkwm jrifMujyD
r[kwv f m;? xGucf MhJ uOD;av? b,foal umif;om; wyfpu f if; xGuOf ;D rvJ?
vm xGufcJh} vdkY atmfajymvdkufw,f/
olYtrlt&m olYavoHu yrmrcefYEdkifvSwmrdkY wyfpfuif;awG
a'goxGuo f mG ;Muw,f/ &Suv f nf; &Suo
f mG ;Muw,f/ tif; aMumufvnf;
aMumufw,faygh/ usefwJhowÅdtaumif;qHk; ppfom;awmifrS 'DokH;OD;ukd
&ifqkdif wkdufckdufzkdY rxGuf&Jawmhbl;/
wyfpfuifppfwyfxJrSm qufwyfpftrnf&dSwJh ppfom; wpfa,muf
&dSw,f/ wu,fawmh ol[m a&mrvlrsKd;/ a&mrppfwyfxJ xGufajy;jyD;
wyfpfuif ppfwyfxJ 0ifoGm;wJhvl/ tJ'Dvlukd [kd&mwD,yfpfu vSrf;awGU
vkdufw,f/ 'geJY
]Mo [dkrSm uRefawmfwdkY&JU qufwyfpfyJ/ cifAsm;udk c&D;OD;MudKjyKyg
w,fAsm?jyefvmcJph rf;yg? bmaMumifh cifAsm; xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&SmifomG ;&wmvJ?
'DrSm a&mrudkoGm;wJhvrf; &Sdaeygw,f qufwyfpf} vdkY zdwfac:w,f/
qufwyfpf a'gotMuD;tus,f xGufoGm;w,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm
aMumuf'l; wqwfqwffwkefaew,f/
'DtcsdefrSm [dkbufrSm usef&pfcJhMuwJh a&mrppfom;awGu jrpful;
wHwm;udk csdK;EdkifzdkY rem;wrf; MudK;pm;aeMuw,ff/ 'gaMumiffhvnf; tck
jrpful;wHwm;MuD; usdK;cgeD;aejyD/
'gaMumifh olwdkYu 'Dbufxdyfudk vSrf;jyD; ][dk&mwD,yfpf jyefvSnfh
cJhawmh? wHwm;MuD; usdK;cgeD;aejyD}vdkY atmfajymMuw,f/
vmwD;,yfpfeJY [mrD;eD;,yfpfwdkYu tjrefajy;cJhMuw,f/ olwdkY
ajcaxmufatmufrSm wHwm;MuD;u wuRwfuRwftoHay;jyD; usdK;usoGm;
awmhr,fhyHk aygufaejyD/ olwdkY 'Dbufxdyfa&mufwJhtcg [dkbufxdyfudk
jyefvSnfhMunfhvdkufMuw,f/ 'DawmhrS [dkbufxdyfrSm wpfa,mufwnf;
usef&pfcJhwJh [kd&mwD,yfpfukd olwkdYjrifMuw,f/ olYqD jyefajy;oGm;zkdY
tvkyfrSm jrpful;wHwm;MuD;u rdk;MudK;ypfoHvdk toHMuD;ay;jyD; ½kwfw&uf
jrpfxJusdK;usoGm;awmhw,f/
wpfzufurf;eJY tquftoG,f vHk;0jywfawmufoGm;jyDrdkY a&mrawG
0rf;yef;womeJJY tlvdIuf onff;vIduf atmfMu? [pfMu jrL;xl;Muw,f/
wHwm;MuD;usKd ;usomG ;jyDrYkd wyfpu
f if ppfom;awG b,fvrkd S 'Dbufu;l rvm
Edik Mf uawmhb;l /
owådcJ [dk&mwD,yfpfuawmh [dkbufxdyfrSm wpfa,mufwnf;
&yfaeqJyg/ wyfpfuif ppfom;awGu olYa&SUrSm? olUaemuffausmrSmawmh
euf½iId ;f us,fjyefY vSwJh wdkifAmjrpfMuD;/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'Dtcsderf mS yJ wyfpu
f ifawGeYJ yl;aygif;cJw h hJ opömazmuf qufwyfpf
u ]oludk owfypffvdkufyg? owfypfvdkufyg}vdkY atmfajymaew,f/
wyfpfuifbk&if vm;pfuvnf; vufeufcszdkY [dk&mwD,yfpfudk vSrf;
ajymvku dk w
f ,f/
'gayrJh [dk&mwD,yfpfu olwdkYudk wpfpufuav;rSk *½krpdkufbl;/
pum;vnf; wpfcGef;rS jyefrajymbl;/ a&mrudk jyefa&mufoGm;atmif
tEÅ&m,fuif;uif;eJY o,faqmifoGm;ay;zdkY wdkifAmjrpfMuD;udk MunfhjyD;
wdkifwnfqkawmif;&if; a&pD;tifrwefoefwJh wdkifAmjrpfMuD;xJ ckefcsvdkuf
w,f/
tm;vHk; Muufao aooGm;Mu&w,f/ jrpfxJudk jydKifwlMunfhvdkuf
Muw,f/ vdIif;vHk;awGMum;rSm ay:ay:vmwJh olYOD;acgif;udk vSrf;jrifMu&
w,f/ a&mrppfom;awGu tHMh o0rf;omjzpfjyD; atmf[pftm;ay;aeMuw,f/
bk&ifMuD; vm;pfu
]olYwdkif;jynf a&mrudk ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;pGmeJY a&mufoGm;Edkif
atmif olYudk bk&m;ocif ulray;awmfrlyg? olYvdk taMumuft&GHUuif;wJh
vli,frsK;d uREykf f wpfcgrS rawGUcJzh ;l yg}vdYk qkawmif;&if; a&&Gwv
f u kd w
f ,f/
wu,fawmh tJ'DtcsdefrSm [kd&mwD;,yfpfukd a&epfaoapcsifwJhvlqkdvkdY
opömazmuf qufwyfpf wpfa,mufyJ&Sdw,f/
tm;vHk;[m &ifoyfjyD; apmifhMunfhaeMuqJjzpfw,f/ wdkif;AmjrpfMuD;
[m eufw,f?f a&pD;odyo f efw,f? 'gaMumifh tm;vH;k vdv k u
kd [d&k mwD,yfpf
wpfzufurf;ta&muf ul;Edkifyghrvm;vdkY oHo,0ifjyD; &ifwxdwfxdwf
jzpfaeMuw,f/olYrmS 'Pf&mvnf;&xm;w,f/ aoG;xGurf sm;vdYk tm;vnf;
odyef nf;aew,fqakd wmh wu,fyh pl &m/
'gayrJh aemufqHk;awmh a&mrurf;bufu ajcmufaoGUwJh ajrjyif
xufrSm ol jyefrwfwyf&yfEdkifcJhw,f/ a&mrawGu olUudkxrf;jyD; a&mr
jrdKUMuD;xJ0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om o,foGm;Muw,f/
'Djzpf&yf[m vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm;u jzpf&yfyg/ 'gayrJh a&mr
om;awGuawmh [kdwpfcsdef owÅdjycJhMuwJh wpfaeYrSm [dk&mwD,yfpfu
wdkifAmjrpful;wHwm; wpfzufxdyfuae a&mrudk b,fvdk b,fyHk
tumtuG,fay;cJhw,fqdkwJh tHhzG,fo&JyHkjyifudk uaeYwdkif ajymaeMuqJyJ
jzpfw,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ief ; rsm;bk & if a½T a wmif y H & S i f

wpfaeYrSm Am&mPoDjynfMuD;&JU aumif;uifjyifwpfckvHk; a&Ta&mifawG
zHk;oGm;w,f/ wdkif;oljynfom;awG[m tHhMo0rf;ompdwfeJY ]a[h a[h
MunfhvdkufMuprf;? wdkYwdkif;jynfMuD;ay: a&Ta&mifwdrfvdyfawG wa&GUa&GU
jzwfausmfaew,fuGJU}vdkY atmfMu [pfMu wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; ajymjyMueJY
tkwfatmfaomif;wif; jzpfaew,f/ trSefuawmh wdkif;oljynfom;awG
xifaeMuovdk a&Ta&mifwrd v f yd af wG r[kwb
f ;l ? aemufjyD; Mu,fwpfv;kH u
olomG ;&mvrf;rSm cseyf pfcwhJ hJ a&Tom;ppfppfawGvnf; r[kwb f ;l / a&Ta&mifawG
zH;k oGm;&wmu tifrwef vSyMuD;rm;wJh ief;MuD;wpfaumif&UJ awmifyEH pS zf uf
u jzmusaewJh a&mifrQifwef;awGaMumifyh g/'Da&Ta&mif0if;aewJh ief;MuD;[m
tckq&kd if avudjk zwfjyD; cefnm;vSyvGe;f pGm jidrd jfh idrahf t;at; ysoH ef;aew,f/
bk&ifuvnf; eef;awmfarQmpf ifxyd w f ufjyD; &ifoyf½aI rmjzpfaew,f/
Munfhr0 ½IrjiD; vSjyD&if;vSrdkY ] aumif;uifudk jzwfysHoef;aewJh toif
iSufMuD;? oifum; usufoa&&SdvGef;aypG? oifum; iSuftaygif;\
bk&ifom jzpfacsrnf}vdYk a&&Gwcf sD;usL;rdw,f/
bk&if[m 0rf;omtm;& jzpfvGef;ru jzpfjyD; eef;wGif;om;awG
tm;vHk;udk ac:w,f/ csdKomMunfat;wJh wl&d,mawG wD;cwfapw,f/
yef;uHk;awG tarT;eHYoma&awG ,lvmapw,f/ 'g[m olYwkdif;jynfay:
rarQmv f ifb
h aJ &mufvmwJh usuo f a&taygif; canmif;aewJh {nfo h nfawmf
wpfOD;udk bk&ifudk,fwdkifu *kPfjyKMudKqdkwJh oabmt"dyÜm,fyJ/
a&TawmifyH&Sif ief;MuD;uvnf; iHkYMunfhw,f/ bk&iftygt0if
eef;awmfom;awGudk awGYvdkufw,f/ yef;uHk;awGudkvnf; vSrf;jrifwmyJ/
om,mcsdKat;wJh *DwoHudkyg Mum;ae&w,f/ 'Dawmh ief;MuD;u aemuf
awmfyg ief;awGbuf vSnfhvdkufjyD;
]Am&mPoDjynfh&Sifu bmaMumifh ighudk ,ckuJhodkY *kPfjyK&wmvJ}vdkY
ar;Munfw h ,f/
]t&Sif Am&mPoDjynfh&Sifu t&SifeJY rdwfaqGjzpfvdkwmaMumifh
,ckuo hJ Ykd *kPjf yKwmjzpfygw,f}
'Dtajzpum;aMumifh a&Tief;MuD;[m ajrjyiffxuf qif;oufvdkufjyD;
bk&ifuh kd EIwcf eG ;f qufw,f? jyD;rS aumif;uifxrJ mS use&f pfcw
hJ hJ aemufawmfyg
ief;awGqD ysHwufoGm;w,f/
aemufwpfaeY bk&ifu ]taemuw} a&uefab;rSm&SdwJh O,smOf
awmfxJ vrf;avQmufaecdkuf a&Tief;MuD;a&mufvmjyefw,f? ief;MuD;[m
awmifyw H pfzufay:rSm a&udw k if useaf wmifywH pfzufay:rSmawmh eHYomrIeYf
awGwifjyD; a&mufvmwmjzpfw,f/ 'DwpfMudrrf mS vnf; ief;MuD;u cPwm
av;yJ aew,f/ bk&ifudk a&eJYzsef;? eHYomrIefYawG vdrf;usHay;jyD; yxr
tMudrw f ek ;f uvdyk J aumif;uifxrJ mS usef&pfcwhJ hJ aemufawmfyg ief;awGqD
ysHwufoGm;wmyJ/ aemufawmh olYaejynfawmf ]pdwÅ*kwÅ}buf OD;wnf
ysHoef;oGm;awmhw,f/
&ufawG ukefvGefvmcJhjyD ? Mo bmvdkvdkeJY ief;MuD; a&mufrvmwm
awmif tawmfMumaerSyJ? bk&ifuvnf; ief;MuD;udk odyfvGrf;aejyD/
xyfrHawGUqHkcsifpdwfawG wm;rEdkifqD;r& jzpfaejyD/ ]taemuw} a&uef
MuD;em; aeYpOf xGufavQmufwdkif; bk&if[m [dk rdk;ukwfpuf0dkif;txd
arQmfMunfhrdw,f/ bmxl;jcm;rIrS rjrifawGY&wJhtcg oufjyif;csjyD;] tif;
ighrdwfaqG aemufwpfMudrfrS vmrS vmygOD;rvm;}vdkY 0rf;enf;ylyefpdwfeJY
a&&Gwrf w d ,f/
ief;MuD;uawmh bk&ifeJY tvGefw&m a0;uGmvGef;&m olYaejynfawmf
]pdwÅ*kwÅ} awmifMuD;awGay:rSm ief;udk;aomif;eJY pdwfvufMunfom
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
csrf;ajrYpGmeJY aeaew,f/ wu,fawmh 'Dief;MuD;[m ief;taygif;&JU

bk&ify/J ief;taygif;u olwYkdb&k ifuo kd yd jf yD; av;pm;cspcf ifjrwfE;kd Muw,f/
wpfaeY ief;awGxJu ti,fqHk;ief;uav;ESpfaumif[m ief;bk&ifh
a&SUarSmuf ta&muf0if OD;ñTwf t½dktaoay;jyD; wifavQmufMuw,f/
]t&Sif uREfkyfwdkYESpfOD; t&SifhxHyg;rScGJcGmoGm;Muygawmhr,f? uREfkyfwdkY
ESpOf ;D aerif;eJY tajy;jydKifMurSm jzpfygw,f}
]tdk ief;i,fuav;wdkY? aeeJYtajy;jydKifzdkY oifief;av;ESpfaumif&JU
awmifyaH v;awGuao;i,fveG ;f vSw,f? vrf;wpf0ufrmS oifwYkd aoaus
oGm;Edkifw,f? rrdkufcsifMuprf;ygeJY ief;av;wdkY? tajy;jydKifzdkY roGm;MuygeJY}
ief;uav;ESpfaumifu acgif;odyfrmw,f/yxrtMudrf ief;bk&if
MuD;u oabmrwlawmh 'kwd,tMudrf ajymMujyefw,f/ 'kwd,tMudrf
oabmrwl cGifhrjyKawmh wwd,tMudrfxyfajymMuw,f/ wwd,tMudrf
rSmvnf; ief;MuD;oabmxm;u bmrS xljcm;rvmbl;/ 'gaMumifh
ief;bk&if oabmwl cGifhjyKEdkifwJhtxd rapmifhawmhbJ xGufcGmoGm;MuzdkY
qH;k jzwfMuw,f/
aea&mifrxGufjyLcifrSm ief;uav;ESpfaumiffu ],k*E¨mawmiff} qD
OD;wnfxGufvmcJhMuw,f/ ],k*E¨mawmif} rSmyJ aeay:xGef;vmwJhtxd
olwdkY apmifhMuw,f/
ief;bk&ifu ajymrEdkif qdkr& irdkufom; ief;uav;ESpfaumif
xGuo f mG ;Muwmudk odw,f/ ,k*E¨mawmifxyd rf mS tck apmifah eMuwmudyk g
odw,f/ 'gaMumifh ief;bk&if[m pdwfrcsEdkifawmhbJ ,k*E¨mawmifqD
tjrefysHomG ;w,f/
aumif;uifxu J aevH;k &J&MJ uD; xGujf yLtvmrSm ief;av;ESpaf umifu
awmifyHav;awGjzefYjyD; pysHoeff;Muw,f/ aeeJY olwdkYav;ESpfaumif
tajy;jydKifjyDaygh/ ief;bk&ifvnf; olwdkYav;ESpfaumifaemufu &ifwrreJY
ysv
H u kd &f jyDaygh/
ESpfaumifteuf ief;i,fav;u tcsdeftenf;i,fysHoef;vdkufwmeJY
tawmifcwfwm aES;vmw,f/ awmifyHav;awGu olYcE¨mudk,fav;udk
odyfMumMum o,faqmifEdkifyHk r&awmhbl;/ 'DtcsdefrSm ief;bk&ifu
ief;av;eJY rvSr;f rurf;rSm ysv H ukd af ew,f/ wpfpwpfpeJY ief;av;tawmif
anmif;jyD; ajrjyifay:usawmhr,ftcsdefrSm ieff;bk&if[m ieff;av;em;
uyfoGm;jyD; tm;ay;w,f/ ESpfodrfw,f/ jyD;awmh ief;av;udk olY
awmifyMH uD;ay: wifvu kd jf yD; pdw*å w k å aejynfawmfMuD;qD tjrefo,faqmif
oGm;awmhw,f/
pdwÅ*kwÅa&mufwmeJY ief;uav;udk awmifyHxufucs? qufjydKif
aeqJ usefief;uav; wpfaumiffqD tvsiftjrefysHoef;cJhw,f/ aexuf
ydkvsifjrefwJh t&Sdeft[kefeJY ysHoef;cJhwmrdkY ieff;uav;qD tcsdefrSDjyefa&muf
vmcJw h ,f/
]t&Si?f uREfyk q f ufrysHEidk af wmhyg}
MuD;jrwffvSwJhief;bk&if[m ief;uav;udk ollUawmifyHay:nifnif
omom wifaqmifjyD; ]pdwå*kwå}aejynfawmfqD jyefvnfac:aqmiffvm
cJw
h ,f/
]tck tjrifhqHk;ae&mrSma&mufaewJh aeeJY ig jydKif&if b,fvdkrsm;
jzpfrvJ}
'DtawG; aphaqmfrIaMumifh ief;bk&if[m wdrfwdkufawGudk
xdk;azmuf?[dkaumif;uiftjrifhMuD;xJ wpf[kefxdk;ysHwuf? rem;wrf;ysH/
aemufqHk;awmh aexuf tqaygif;wpfaxmif omvGefoGm;awmhw,f/
'gayrJh ief;bk&ifpw d x f J tawG;wpfrsdK;½kww f &uf0ifvmjyefw,f/
]ae[m ightwGuf bmrdkYvJ? bmaMumifh ig oleJYjydKifae&rSmvJ?
aeeJYjydKifa&;xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm ta&;yg t&ma&mufvSwJh wm0efMuD;
wpf&yfu ighudk apmifhqdkif;aeao;w,f? ig[m ighrdwfaqG Am&mPoD
jynfh&SifxHoGm;jyD; tusdK;rsm; wefzdk;&SdvSwJh pum;awG ajymqdk&OD;r,f?
tJvo kd m ajymqdEk ikd &f if bk&ifeYJ olYjynfoal wG ½Tiv f ef;0rf;ajrmufMuvdrrhf ,f}
ief;bk&if[m urÇmtESHUysHoef;vdkufw,f/ urÇmonfbufpGef;uae
urÇm[db k ufpeG ;f xdatmif wpf[ek x f ;kd yso
H ef;w,f/ aemufq;kH rSm Am&mPoD
jynfMuD;ay: a&mufcahJ wmhw,f/
a½TawmifyH&Sif ief;bk&if ysHvmwmeJY Am&mPoDjynfMuD;&JU
aumif;uifwpfjyifv;kH a&Ta&mifawGz;kH oGm;jyefw,f/ ief;bk&if[m nifnif
omom qif;oufcJhjyD; eef;awmfjywif;a&SUrSm em;vdkufw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]tvdk usKyfrdwfaqGMuD; a&mufvmrSudk;}

bk&ifu 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om yDwdawGjzmjyD; usL;&ifhvdkufw,f/
eef;awmfwpfckvHk;vnf; aumif;csD;ay;oHawG yJhwifxyfoGm;awmhw,f/
Am&mPoDjynf&h iS u f , kd af wmfwikd f a½T&mZyv’iu f kd o,f,cl jhJ yD; ief;bk&ifukd
zdwrf EÅujyKw,f/
]tMunfawmf? þa&T&mZyv’ifxufrSm uREfkyfeJYtwl vmxdkif
vSnyhf g}
bk&ifu a&Tief;MuD;&JUawmifyHawGudk eHYoma&arT;rsm;eJY yufzsef;
arT;xHak pw,f/ csKd at;wJah omufa&udk aomufapw,f/ Am&mPoDjynf&h iS f
[mief;bk&ifeYJtwlxikd jf yD;Munfom&Tiyf s? tmvmyov’mypum;ajymw,f/
]tMunfawmf? ,ck b,fuvmcJhovJ? oif Am&mPoDjynfay:u
ysHoGm;jyD;uwnf;u uREfkyf oifhtm; apmifharQmfaecJh&ygonf? vGrf;qGwf
wrf;waecJ&h ygonf}
]qdwfjidrf awmifpOf awmifwef;rsm;rSmwnf&SdwJh pdwÅ*kwÅ aejynf
awmfrS uREfkyfvmcJhygonf rif;jrwff}
onfaemufawmh ief;bk&ifu aeeJYol tajy;jydKifcJhwJhtaMumif;
ajymjyw,f/ Am&mPoDjynfh&Sifuvnf; pdwf0ifwpm; em;axmifw,f?
Munfom&Tiv f ef; a&awGYyef;vdk vef;qef;aew,f/
]aeeJY tMunfawmftajy;jydKifaewmudk uREfkyf ½Ipm;Edkifygrnfvm;}
]r½Ipm;Edkifyg Am&mPoDjynfh&Sif? b,fawmhrS ½Ipm;Edkifvdrfhrnf
r[kwfyg? odkYaomf enf;vrf;wpfckESifh tMunfawmfjyo&efrl jzpfEkdifyg\/
,if;enf;vrf;tm;jzifh uREfkyf\ tvsifEIef;udk ½Ipm;Edkifygonf}
]rnfodkYrnfyHk jyornfenf; tMunfawmf}
]toif\ av;onfawmfav;OD;udk ac:,lyg? ¤if;wdkYav;OD; eH&H
wpfckudk jrm;av;pif;ESifh wpfjydKifwnf;ypfcwfapyg? jrm;av;pif;pvHk;
eH&rH mS rpdu
k cf if uREfyk u f EIwof ;D jzifh zrf;,lygrnf}
bk&ifu ief;bk&ifajymwJhtwdkif; csufcsif; pDpOfvdkufw,f/ av;
onfawmfav;OD;u jrm;av;pif;udk wpfjydKifwnf; ypfvTwfvdkufMuw,f/
ief;bk&ifu jrm;av;pif; eH&rH mS oGm;rpdu k cf if EIwof ;D eJYzrf;,lxm;vdu k w
f ,f/
[kwfw,f/ jrm;wpfpif;rS eH&HrSm oGm;pdkufcsdefr&vdkufbl;/
]tvdk? tHhzG,fo&J xl;uJvSaypG tMunfawmf? oifhtvsifEIef;udk

jyKdifEdkifonfh wjcm;tvsifEIef; &SdEdkifawmhrnf rxifyg/ rsufjrifrdkYomy?
r[kwfvQif,HkEdkifzG,ftaMumif; r½Sdyg tMunfawmf}
]rif;jrwf? uREfkyf\ tvsifEIef;xuf ydkrdkjrefqefMuD;rm;aom
tvsifEIef; &Sdygao;onf? uREfkyf\ tvsifEIef;xuf tqwpf&m? tq
wpfaxmif? tqwpfoed ;f omvGejf refqefonfrmS }tcsde\ f tvsifeeI ;f }yif
jzpfayonf/ aysmf&TifrIrsm;? Opöm"ersm;? a&Teef;awmfMuD;rsm; tdk tm;vHk;
tm;vHk;udk tvsifjrefqHk;qdkonfh tvsifxuf tcsdefu ydkí ydkí
vsifjrefpmG o,faqmifomG ;Edik yf gonf/
ief;bk&ifpum;awGu Am&mPoDjynfh&Sifudk cPtwGif; xdwfvefY
wkefvIyfoGm;apw,f/ 'gaMumifh ief;bk&ifu El;nHhodrfarGYwJh ESpfodrfh
tm;ay;pum;qd&k jyefw,f/
]rif;jrwff? xdwfvefYwkefvIyfjcif;uif;ygbd? oifh wdkif;oljynfom;
rsm;tm; &if0,fom;yrm Muifemcspcf ifygvQif oifh wdik ;f oljynfom;taygif;
udk csrf;ajrUaysmf&iT af tmif MudK;pm;zefw;D ay;onfqykd gvQif tcsdeu f rnfrQ
jrefqefaomEIe;f jzifh oGm;ygap? taMumif;r[kwEf ikd af wmhyg}
auseyf0rf;ajrmufjcif;? yDwdjzpfjcif; t&Sdeft[kefaMumifh Am&mPoD
jynf&h iS f rsuf&nfrsm;awmifvnf&mS w,f/
]tdk MuD;jrwfvSayaom ief;bk&iffMuD;? Am&mPoDjynfMuD;udk
tkycf sKyfzYkd uREfyk w
f pfO;D wnf; ypfrxm;cJyh gvif?h uREfyk \
f eef;awmfMuD;xJrmS
xm0&aexdkifvsuf uREffkyfab;üxdkifí wefzdk;&SdvSaom pum;rsm;udk
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ajymqdkay;ygvifh/ odkYqdkvQif uREfkyftvGefrSyif b0ifpdwf0rf; ½Tifvef;

csrf;ajrhEdkifrnfrkcs jzpffygrnf? wpfcsdefwnff;rSm uREfkyf jynfolrsm;udkvnf;
uREfyk ef nf;wl aysmf&iT cf srf;ajrhap&ef uREfyk f zefw;D Edik yf gvdrrhf nf}
]þ a&TeefawmfMuD;ü xm0&ae&efum; rjzpfEdkifyg rif;jrwf?
uREfkyf oifheef;awmfxJrSm aexdkifrnf r[kwfyg? wpfaeYr[kwf wpfaeY
oifonf ao&nfrSD0JjyD; ]tJ'D ief;MuD;udk owfMuprf;[Jh? ief;om;eJY
ud, k af wmf&iS jf rwf ao&nfr0DS aJ wmfrrl ,f}[k ajymaumif; ajymEdik yf gonf/
'DtcgrSm Am&mPoDjynfh&Sifu csufcsif; uwd0EÅmcHvdkufw,ff/
]tMunfawmf pdk;&drfaESmifh vdkY aMumifhMuraeoifhyg? þa&Teef;awmf
MuD;rSm tMunfawmf aexdkifoa&GU uREfkyf b,faomtcgrS ao&nfudk
rrS0D yJ g}
]aumif;vSaypG? jcaoFhawG? iSufawG&JU atmfjrnfoHonf jywfom;
yg\? rSefuefyg\? odkYaomf vlom;rsm;\ pum;url wd&pämefrsm;\
atmfjrnfoHrsm;avmuf rjywfom;wwf? rrSefuefwwfyg rif;jrwf?
odYk aMumifhf uREykf f oifeh ef;awmfrf mS raeawmhyg? uREykf \ f aejynfawmfoYkdom
jyefygrnf? rnfodkYyifjzpfap oifu uREfkyftm; cspfcifjrwfEdk;aeoa&GY
uREykf w f YkdrnfrQyif a0;uGmvifu h pm; uREykf w f YkdEpS Of ;D rdwaf qGjzpfaeMurnfom
jzpfygonf}
]tdk tMunfawmf/ uREffkyf oifhudk b,fawmhrS rawGYjrifEdkifawmh
jyDavm}
]wpfaeYawmh jyefvnfa&mufvmEdkifrnf xifygonf/ onftcg
rSmvnf; uREfyk w f Ykd EpS Of ;D ,ckvykd if xyfraH wGYqEkH ikd Mf uygOD;rnf rif;jrwf}
pum;tqHk;rSm ief;bk&ifu awmifyHtpHkudk jzefYusufjyD; avxJrS
vSyjidrfhanmif;pGm ysHwufoGm;w,f/ aumif;uifwpfjyifvHk; a&Ta&mifawG
zHk;oGm;awmhw,f/
n
vGwfvrf;&nfí udk,fwHwm;wnfcJhol
[dr0EÅmawmifwef;ay:rSm arsmufaygif; &Spfaomif;ausmfudk tkyfcsKyfaewJh
arsmufMuD;wpfaumif&Sdw,f/ omrefarsmufawGxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm
BuD;rm;BuHUcdik w f ,f/ tifrwefvnf; cefYnm;w,f/ **FgjrpfBuD;[m 'Darsmuf
awG aexdik u f sufpm;&m ausmufaqmifBuD;awG? ausmufw;Hk BuD;awGMum;u
jrpfzsm;cH pwifpD;qif;wmyJ/ ausmufaqmiftxyfxyfu jzmusvmwJh
a&rIefa&rTm;awG atmufrSmawmh tifrweYfudk vSycHhxnfwJh opfyifBuD;
wpfyifaygufaew,f/ aEGO;D umvrsm;rSmqk&d if 'DtyifBuD;u El;nHjh zLazG;wJh
yef;awG zl;yGiv hf mMuw,f/ rMumcif toD;awG oD;vmyga&m/'DtoD;awG[m
tHhMop&modyfaumif;w,f/ b,ftoD;rsKd;eJYrS rwlbl;/ awmifay:av
uav;rsm; okwfzsef;vdkufrSjzifh 'DtoD;awG&JUt&om[m ysm;oumvdk
csdKvmawmhowJh/
arsmufawG odyfaysmfMuwmaygh? opfoD;awG cl;pm;vkdufMu? opfyif
BuD;&JU t&dyfatmufrSm aysmfaysmfyg;yg; aqmhupm;vdkufMu/ wpfaeukef
rarmEdik f ryef;Edik b
f aJ ygh/
opfyifBuD;&JU wpfzufu ukdif;awG[m jrpfjyifay: udkif;nTwfusae
Muw,f/ 'gaMumifh tJ'Dudkif;awGrSm yef;awGyGifhvmNyDqkd&if 'Dyef;awGudk
arsmufawGu pm;ypfvu dk Mf uw,f/ zsuq f ;D ypfMuw,f/ 'grS tJ'u D ikd ;f awGrmS
opfo;D roD;awmhrmS uk;d / wu,fvYkd toD;oD;vm&ifvnf;yef;0wfqaH vmuf
BuD;xGm;rvmcif cl;a>cypfvu dk Mf uwmcsn;f yJ/olwYkd&UJ tBuD;tuJ arsmufBuD;
u tEÅ&m,fudk BudKjrifxm;vdkY arsmuftm;vkH;udk owday;xm;w,fav/
]arsmuftaygif;wdkY owd&SdMuavmh? toD;wpfvkH;aomfrS jrpfxJ
rusapvif?h usomG ;cJv h Qif xkt d oD;onf jrpfa&pD;twkid ;f arsmygoGm;vdrrhf nf?
aemufqkH;wGifxkdtoD;onff wpfNrdKUNrdKU? wpf&Gm&GmodkY {uefrkcsa&mufoGm;
vdrhfrnf? onfvdka&mufoGm;í xkdvSyaom opfoD;BuD;udk vlawG
jrifawGUoGm;MuNyDqdkvQif xdktoD;\tyifukd a&qkH;rdk;qkH; vdkufvH&SmazG
Muawmhrnf? toD;awGtm;vk;H udk cl;qGwMf uawmhrnf? igwkYd arsmuftaygif;
vnf; þae&mrS xGufajy;Mu&rnf rvGJyg}
arsmuftaygif;u tBuD;tuJ&JU owday;pum;udk emcHMuw,ff/
owdxm;Muw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; tcsdefawG Mumanmiff;vmwJhtxd
jrpfxu J dk opfo;D wpfv;Hk ruscb hJ ;l / 'gayrJh opf&u G af wGMum;u yk&u G q
f w d f
tkBH uD;uG,x f m;vdYk arsmufawG rjrifawGUEdik w f hJ toD;wpfv;Hk awmh&adS ew,f/
'DtoD;[m odyfudkBuD;rm;w,f/ odyfukdvSw,f/ 0if;rSnfhaevdkufwmrsm;
a&Ta&mifukd awmufaew,f/ wpfaeYawmh 'DtoD;BuD; jrpfxaJ <uusoGm;yg
ava&m jrpfa&pD;twkdif; atmufbufarsmygoGm;awmhwmaygh/ jrpfa&[m
ausmufaqmifxlxyfwJh awmifukef;udkjzwf? csKdifh0Srf;awGxJ pD;0if&mu
aemufqkH; **Fgjrpfurf;ay:rSmwnf&SdwJh Am&mPoDjynfBuD;teD;u pD;qif;
oGm;w,f/ 'Dawmh arsmygvmwJh opfoD;BuD;[mvnf; Am&mPoDjynfBuD;
teD; a&mufvmcJNh yDaygh/
'Dvdk a&mufvmwJhaeYrSmyJ jA[®'wfbk&if[m **FgjrpfxJ qif;
a&upm;awmfrlw,f/ bk&if a&upm;wJhae&mu wHigonfawGcsxm;wJh
ydu
k u f eG Ef pS cf Mk um;rSm/ vIid ;f uav;awGu <uae ajy;aew,f/ aejcnfwef;
uav;awGu a&jyifudk xderf;aeMuw,f/ 'Daejcnfwef;f uav;awGeYJawmif
bk&ifu aysmfaysmfyg;yg; upm;aevkdufao;w,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm opfoD;BuD;
ydkufuGefxJ 0ifvmw,f/
]tvdk odyfukdvSygvm;? 'DavmufvSwJhtoD;udk b,ftyifrsKd;u
oD;ygvdr}hf
opfoD;BuD;udk t&ifqkH; vSrf;jrifvkdufwJh wHigonf[m tHhtm;oifh
oGm;w,f/ 0rf;omoGm;w,f/ odyv f nf;auseyfaew,f/ 'Dvkd cHpm;rIrsK;d pk&H UJ
a&mifjyefawGu olYrsufvkH;tpkHrSm txift&Sm; xif[yfaew,f/ olY
rsufvkH;tpkH[m &Tef;vufaew,f/ rqkdif;rwGbJ ol[m opfoD;BuD;udk
0rf;omtm;& vSr;f ,lvu dk w f ,f/ NyD;awmh teD;rSm a&upm;aewJh jA[®'wf
bk&ifukd jyovdkufw,f/
jA[®'wfb&k if[m opfo;D BuD;ukd jrifvu dk w
f meJYwpfNydKifeuf ai;pdu
k f
oGm;w,f/ pum;rajymEdkifbl;/ tHhMopdwfawG w&dyf&dyfwufvmaew,f/
tawmfav;MumoGm;rSom ]tif; 'DtoD;rsKd;oD;wJhtyifudk b,frSmrsm;
awGUEdkifygvdrfh} vdkY rSef;arQmfawG;Munfhvdkufonf/
b,favmufawG;awG;? b,fvakd wG;awG; awG;vdYkr&wmrdYk jrpfurf;yg;
ay:rSm&SdwJh opfckwform;tcsKdUukd vSrf;ac:vkdufNyD; 'DtoD;BuD;ukd olwdkY
od rod ar;jref;pkHprf;Munfhw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'Dawmh owfckwform;wpfa,mufu
]t&Sifrif;BuD; 'DtoD;[m o&ufoD;jzpfygw,f? ½dk;½dk;o&ufoD;
r[kwfyg? tifrwefvSyNyD; xl;uJwJht&om&SdwJh tHhMop&mtaumif;qkH;
o&ufo;D yg? 'Do&ufo;D rsK;d u uREyfk w f Ykd csKd if0h rS ;f a'orSm raygufa&mufyg?
[kd **Fgjrpfnmydkif; [dr0EÅmawmifwef;BuD;ay:u awmifukef;awGMum;rSm
aygufygw,f? tJ'aD e&mrSm avuvnf; oefYpifat;jrw,f? aea&mifvnf;
wkduf½dkuf&w,f? aocsmw,ft&Sifrif;BuD;? tJ'Do&ufyif[m **Fgjrpfzsm;
ab;rSm uyfaygufae&r,f? 'DtoD;BuD; a&xJa<uuswmaMumifh jrpfa&pD;
twkdif; ckvdkarsmygvmwm jzpfygw,f} vdkY wifavQmufvkdufw,f/
bk&ifu o&ufoD;BuD;udk pm;MunfhMuzkdY opfckwform;awGudk
ajymw,f/ aemufawmh oludk,fwdkif pm;Munfhw,f/ aemufawmfygawGukd
auR;aw,f/ pm;&wJo h w
l idk ;f u]ajymrjyEdik af vmufatmmifut kd &omxl;uJvS
ygw,f? ewfMoZmqdkwm 'gyJxifyg&JU}vdkY vufzsm;cg zGifh[0efcHMuw,f/
aeYawG? nawG? &ufawG? vawG wjznf;jznf; ukefvGefvmcJhw,f/
jA[®'wfbk&ifuawmh t&omxl;uJvGef;wJh o&ufoD;BuD;ukd wpfpuúefY
av;awmif rarhEdkifbl;/ aerxd xkdifrom *PSmrNidrfjzpfae&w,f/ tcsdef
Mumvmav? wpfBudrfwpfcgwkef;u pm;zl;wJh o&ufoD;rsKd;udk pm;csifpdwf
ykdrdkjyif;xefvmavyJ/ aemufqkH; olYudk n§dKUiifxm;wJh o&ufyifBuD;udk
tdyfrufxJrSm jrifrufwJhtxd jzpfvmawmhw,f/ tif; tdyfrufuvnf;
oGm;&nf,dkp&myJ/ tJ'D o&ufyifBuD;&JU tudkdif;wkdif; tukdif;wkdif;rSm
ysm;&nfeJYyef;0wf&nfa&mpyfxm;wJh a&TcGufaygif;wpf&m csdwfqGJxm;w,f
qdyk /J tdyrf ufujzifh bk&ifu h kd rD;avmif&mavyifh vkyNf yDav/
'Dtyifudk rawGUawGUatmif&mS rS jzpfacsawmhr,f/
ratmifhEkdifawmhwJh wpfaeYrSm jA[®'wfbk&ifu qkH;jzwfcsuf
csvdkufw,f/ bk&if tcsdefqGJraeawmhbl;/ **Fjrpfukd qefwufzdkY avS
wpfpif; csufcsif;wnfaqmufcdkif;w,f/ [dr0EÅm awmifpOfawmifwef;
ay:rSm 'Do&ufyifBuD; &Su d &dk &dS r,fvYkd bk&ifu aocsmaygufwu G x
f m;NyDu;dk /
avSwnfaqmufNyD;wmeJY avSorm;rsm;eJYtwl jA[®'wfbk&if vdkufyg
oGm;w,f/
**Fgjrpfukd qefwwfvmcJh&wJh c&D;wmu tifrwefYukd &Snfvsm;
vGef;w,f/ yef;cif;awG? v,fuGif;awGukd ausmfcJh&w,f/ 'gayrJh
aemufq;Hk awmh wpfnaerSm [dr0EÅmawmifw f ef;ay:u awmifuek ;f awGay:
acsmacsmarmarm qku d q
f u dk Nf rdKufNrdKuf a&mufomG ;Muawmhw,f/ avSorm;
awGu [dk cyfvSrf;vSrf;qD arQmfMunfhMuw,f/ olwdkY bmawGukdrsm;
jrifMuygvdr/hf Mo vufpowfawmh 'DrmS uk;d / awGYNyD awGUNyD/ tawmifw h BuD;
awmifhwcJh&wJh o&ufyifBuD;ukd va&mif&Tef;jrjratmufrSm jrifMu&NyD/
Munfhprf; vSvdkufwJh tyifBuD;/ t&GufawGMum;u o&ufoD;rSnfhBuD;awG
uvnf; a&Ta&mifawmufvdkY/ 0if;vdkY xdefvdkY/ vSvdkufwm/ tvdk? aeOD;?
aeOD;/ opukdif;awGay:rSm vIyfvIyf vIyfvIyfeJY awGUMu&JU r[kwfvm;/
bmawGrsm;ygvdrfh/ a[m a[m Munhfprf;? Munfhvkdufprf;/ opf&GufawG
Mum;u avQmqif;oGm;MuwJh qef;qef;jym;jym; t&dyfawGav/ jrifw,f
r[kwfvm;/
]Mo wpfjcm;[kwfyg½dk;vm;? tJ'g arsmuftkyfBuD;yJ}
aemufawmfygwpfa,mufu taotcsmMunfhNyD; ajymvkdufw,f
qk&d ifyJ bk&i tHt h m;oifoh mG ;w,f/ a&Tpw d af wmfnKd tvdrk us[ef ay:vm
w,f/
]arsmufawG [kwfp? toD;awGudk 'if;wkdYu pm;aeMuowJhvm;?
[if; 'if;wdkY rpm;&bl;? rpm;ap&bl;? uJ aemufawmfygwdkY arsmufawG
vGwfxGufroGm;&atmif tyifudk 0kdif;xm;Mu? t½kPfusif;wmeJY 'if;wdkY
tm;vkH;ukd ypfowfpm;&r,f? o&ufoD;awGudkvnf; wkdYyJpm;&r,f}
bk&ifEh w
I af wmfxu G pf um;udk arsmufawG em;eJY qwfqwfMum;Mu
&awmh wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;ukefw,f/ xdwfvefYukefw,f/ 'gaMumifh
tBuD;tuJ arsmufBuD;qD tjrefqkH; csOf;uyfMuNyD; ]uREkfyfwdkY&JU av;pm;
cspfcif&ygaom arsmufrif;? arsmufrif; uREkfyfwkdYudk owday;cJhwm
rSefygw,f?'gayrJh o&ufoD;MuD;wpfvkH;uawmh jrpfxJa<uusoGm;cJhwm
aocsmygNyD? uREkfyfwdkYqDudk ,ck vlawGa&mufvmMuygNyD? 'DvlawGu
uRefawmfwkdY&JU a[m'DtyifBuD;udk 0dkif;xm;vdkufMuNyD? uREkfyfwkdY vGwfvrf;
r&Sdawmhyg? 'DtyifBuD;eJY teD;qkH;qdkwJh opfyifuvnf; tawmfhudk vSrf;ae
wmrdkY tJ'D tyifqDa&mufatmif uREkfyfwkdY ckeful;EdkifpGrf; r&SdMuyg?
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
vlawGxJu wpfa,mufajymoHukd uREkfyfwdkY em;eJYqwfqwf Mum;cJh&ygNyD?

t½kPfusif;wmeJY 'if;wkdYtm;vkH;ukd ypfowfpm;&r,f? o&ufoD;awGudk
vnf; wkdYyJpm;&r,f} wJh/
'DtcgrSm tBuD;tuJarsmufBuD;u ]toif arsmuftaygif;wdkY?
rpk;d &drMf uygvif?h raMumufMuygvif?h ig oifwYdktm;vk;H ukd u,fwifygth}H vdYk
tm;ay;ESpfodrfhNyD; o&ufyifBuD;&JU xdyfqkH;tudkif;qD ta&mufajy;wwf
oGm;w,f/ xdyqk;H tudik ;f a&mufomG ;wJt h cg av&JU vsifjrefwt hJ [kerf sKd;eJY
jrpfwpfzufurf;ay:u teD;qkH; opfyifBuD;qDta&muf vTm;ceJckeful;
vkdufw,f/ arsmufBuD;rSm tcsdefr&Sdbl;/ EG,fwpfyifukd tjrpfuae
jrefjrefq f efqef EIw,
f w l ,f/
[efusacsNyD? 'DEG,fyifwpfzufpeJY a[m'DtyifBuD;udk csnfwkyf
&r,f?usew f pfzufpeJY igh ajcwpfzufudk csnrf ,f? NyD;wmeJY o&ufyifBuD;qD
ta&muf igjyefckeful;&r,? o&ufyifBuD;qD acsmacsmarmarm jyefa&muf
zkYdyJ vkwd ,f? jyefa&muf&if EG,Bf udK;wHwm;jzpfomG ;NyD? 'DE,
G Bf udK;wHwm;twdik ;f
igh a>c&Hoif;yif;tm;vkH;udk jzwful;apr,f? tif; 'DEG,fBudK;[m [dk
o&ufyifBuD;rSm csnfvdkYjzpfwJhtxd &SnfrS&Snfyghrvm;? tkd rwwfEdkifbl;?
rjzpf&if jzpfovdk zefw;D &r,f/
pdwful;MuHq&if; arsmufBuD; pdwfESvkH; csrf;ajrhoGm;w,f/ 'Dcsrf;ajrh
pdwfeJYtwl &SdorQtm;awGoGif;NyD; o&ufyifBuD;buf vTm;ceJ jyefckeful;
vkdufw,f/ tvdk 'ku©? 'ku©yJ/ EG,fBudK;u enf;enf;wkdaeygvm;/ tif;
o&ufukdif;wpfukdif;udk ig vSrf;qGJvkdY jzpfwJhtxd EG,fBudK;&SnfwmyJ ig
uHaumif;vSNyD? [,f rwwfEdkifacsbl;/ o&ufudkif;udk 'Dtwkdif; ig
vufeJYrvGwfwrf; qGJay;xm;awmhr,f/ ighudk,fudk wHwm;cif;ay;xm;
awmhr,f/
arsmufBuD;u tqkH;tjzwftwkdif; aqmif&GufzkdY pwifawmhw,f/
ol[m vSrf;qGJxm;wJh opfukdif; vGwfroGm;&avatmif cGeftm;ykdrdk
pdkufxkwfvdkufNyD; NrJNrJNrHNrH qkyfudkifxm;vdkufw,f/
]arsmuftaygif;wkdY? EG,fBudK;wHwm;eJY ul;jzwfEdkifatmif ighausmay:
eif;oGm;Muaya&mh? oifwkdYtm;vkH; vGwfajrmufMuygvdrfhr,f}
arsmufawG arsmufawG wpfaumifcsif; wpfaumifcsif; arsmufBuD;&JU
ausmjyifxufay: wufeif;NyD; arsmufBuD;ajcwpfzufrSm wef;vef;BuD;
jzpfaewJh EG,fBudK;qDta&muf qufavQmufoGm;Muw,f/ tJ tJ'Dvdk
ausmef if;oGm;MuwJh arsmufawGxu J a'0'wf trnf&w dS hJ arsmufwpfaumif
uawmh arsmufBuD;&JUausmay: ½k;d ½d;k reif;bJ tm;ukecf ek ef if;ypfvu dk wf ,f/
tvdk emvScsnf&JUav;? ighausm½kd; usKd;NyDxif&JU/
toHxGufNyD; nnf;wGm;vdkufayr,fh tMuifemw&m; acgif;yg;
vGef;wJh arsmufa'0'wfuawmh wpfcsufuav;awmif ikHYrMunfhbJ
qufavQmufomG ;w,f/ arsmufBuD;crsmrSmawmh emusiw f ahJ 0'emukd tjyif;
txef cHpm;&if; vufwGif;u opfukdif; vGwfrxGufoGm;atmif BudK;pm;
qkyqf aJG y;xm;&&Smw,f/
'Djzpf&yfawGtm;vkH;udk jA[®'wfbk&ifu tptqkH; jrifae&w,f/
arsmufBuD;&JU rjrif&ufp&mtjzpfukd ai;pdu k Mf unfah erd&if; jA[®'wfb&k if&UJ
&ifwiG ;f rSm wppfppf emusifvmawmhw,f/ arsmufBuD;tay: tvGet f rif;
oem;rdwphJ w d af wG 0ifvmawmhw,f/ tonf;vIycf wf wzswzf swcf ek &f mu
rsuf&nfpawG a0vmawmhw,f/
jA[®'wfb&k if[m 'Dtwkid ;f qufMunfrh aeEkid &f ufawmhb;l /
][Jh [Jh? arsmufBuD;ukd atmufa&mufatmif jrefjrefvkyfMuyg[Jh/
a&mh a&mh a[m'D tarT;BudKifqkH; a&arT;eHUomrsm;eJY arsmufBuD;&JU
udk,fvufawGudk oefYpifay;Muprf;? aemufNyD; a[m'D NcHKxnft0gBuD;eJU
aEG;aEG;axG;axG;jzpfatmif NcHKay;xm;Muyg[J?h
a&wkdufzkdYvnf; rarhMueJY}}
aemufawmfygrsm;u arsmufBuD;ukd
opfyifatmufta&muf0dkif;NyD; tomt,m
o,fcsvmMuw,f/ tarT;eHYom&nf
rsm;eJY udk,fvufoefYpif
ay;Muw,f/
t0ga&mifNcHKxnfBuD;eJY
vTr;f NcHKay;xm;Muw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ckawmh arsmufBuD;crsm o&ufyifBuD;atmufrSm NidrfNidrfoufouf

uav;vJavsmif;ae&SmNyD/ jA[®'wfbk&ifu arsmufBuD;em; vmxkdifw,f/
]toifarsmufBuD;? oif[m wjcm;aom arsmufrsm;twGuf oifh
cE¨mud, k u
f kd wHwm;cif;ay;cJNh yD? xkv
d yk &f yfrsK;d aMumifh oift h ouf qk;H ½I;H oGm;
EdkifaMumif; oif rodygoavm? oifh a>c&Hoif;yif;taygif;udk u,fwifzkdY
oifonf oifhtoufukd ay;qufcJhacsNyD? tkd toifarsmufolawmfpifBuD;
oifum; tolenf;? olwdkYwpfawGua&m tolawGygenf;}
]rif;BuD; uREkfyfonf olwkdY\ tBuD;tuJ? olwkdY\ a&SUaqmifvrf;jy
jzpfonf? olwkdYwpfawGonf uREkfyfESifhtwl þo&ufyifBuD;ü aexkdifMu
onf? uREyfk o f nfow l Ykdzcifqv
dk nf; rSeyf g\? uREyfk u f vnf;olwYkdtm;vk;H udk
&if0,fom;yrm cspv f yS g\/ xkYd aMumifh olwYdktm;vk;H vGwaf jrmufrt I wGuf
uREyfk f BudK;pm;BuHaqmifcyhJ g\/ ,ck olwYdktm;vk;H vGwaf jrmufomG ;MuayNyD?
,cktcsdefwGif uREkfyfonf þavmuBuD;xJrS cGJcGm&onfhwkdif 0rf;enf;
aMuuGJrI pkd;pOf;i,frQ cHpm;&awmhrnf r[kwfyg? tu,fí uREkfyf\
aoqkH;rIonf t&Sifrif;BuD;twGufvnf; aumif;aomoifcef;pm wpfpkH
wpf&mjzpftHh? uREkfyf ,ckxufykdí aysmf&TifMunfEl;rdrnf jzpfygonf/
trSet f m;jzifh oift
h m; bk&ifjzpfaponfrmS oif"h m;vufeuf r[kwyf gacs/
cspfjcif;arwåmwpfckwnf;uom oifhtm; bk&ifjzpfapjcif; jzpfayonf/
wkid ;f oljynfom;rsm;ukd wefc;dk tmPmjzifh rtkycf sKyo f ifyh g? tb,fah Mumif[ h rl l
olwYkd onf oifah >c&Hoif;yif;rsm; jzpfMuonft h wGuyf if jzpfonf/ wkid ;f ol
jynfom;rsm;ukd cspfjcif;arwåmjzifhom tkyfcsKyfoifhygonf? tb,faMumifh
[lrl olwdkYonf oifhom;orD;rsm; jzpfMuonfhtwGufyif jzpfonf/
,if;enf;tm;jzifhom oif bk&if jzpfEdkifygvdrhfrnf/ tkd bk&ifjA[®'wf?
uREyfk af oqk;H oGm;onfah emufyikd ;f rSmvnf; uREyfk \ f pum;rsm;ukd rarhaysmuf
ygvif}h
cPtMumrSm olawmfpifarsmufBuD;&JU rsupf t d pkH rSw d o
f mG ;awmhw,f/
jA[®'wfbk&if odyfukd 0rf;enf;aMuuGJoGm;w,f/ aemufydkif;rSm
bk&ifu olawmfpifarsmufBuD;twGuf &nfrSef;NyD; oefYpifjzLazG;wJh bk&m;
ausmif;wpfausmif; aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;cJhw,f/ 'Dbk&m;ausmif;BuD;u
jA[®'wfbk&ifukd olawmfpifarsmufBuD;&JU trSmpum;awG rarhraysmuf
&avatmif xm0& owday;aeawmhrSm jzpfw,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'&D w m&Mw
urÇmay:rSm a&uefawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdwmaygh/a&uefjymwJh/ a&uefpdrf;wJh/
trsdK;pHkygyJ/ wcsdKUa&uefawGrSm MumjzLawG aygufw,f/ wcsdKU a&uef
uawmh ief;jzLMuD;awG aysmpf &H mjzpfw,f/ a&uefwikd ;f vdv k [
kd m wpfrsKd ;r[kwf
wpfrsdK; vSaeMuwmyJ/ 'gayrJh ]remqm} a&uefMuD;&JUtvSudk b,f
a&uefurS rrDbl;/ aumif;uifrSm a&mifpHkjzmovdk remqm a&uefMuD;
twGif;rSm a&mifpHkjrL;aew,f/ uefywfvnfrSm xl;qef;wJh yef;tvSawG
zl;yGifhaew,f/ 'Dyef;tvSawGrSm ysm;&nfawG pkaew,f/ ]ysm;&nfodk}
yef;awGu uefa&MunfrSm t&dyfxifaeawmh uef&JUtvS[m ydkjyD; xl;jcm;
aeawmhwmaygh/
remqm a&uefftvSMuD;xJrSm ief;ajcmufaomif;aexdkifMuw,f/
tJ'D ief;ajcmufaomif;&JU bk&ifu ]'&Dwm&Mw} yJ/ ]qrkc} uawmh ief;
ppfonfrsm;&JU tcsKyfjzpfw,f/
ief;tm;vHk;[m a&olrav;awGvdk vSyausmh&Sif;aew,f/ qrkc
uvnf; cefYnm;w,f/ oefrmxGm;MudKif;w,f/ 'gayrJh ief;bk&ifeJYawmh
b,fvrkd S r,SOo f mbl;/ ief;bk&if&UJ awmifyaH rG;awG[m aiGa&mifawmufae
w,f/ ntcgrSm ief;bk&if a&uefxJ jidrfhjidrfhav;vGifharsmaejyDqdkrSjzifh
vrif;MuD; a&uefxaJ rsmaeovdu k kd xif&w,f/
aejynfawmftoD;oD;u eef;wGif;ol eef;wGif;om;rsm;[m remqm
a&uefMuD;tMumif; Mum;zl;em;0 &Sdxm;Muwmcsnf;yJ/ 'gaMumifhvnf;
olwYkd u olwYkd &UJ t&Sio
f cif bk&ifawGukd 'Da&uefMuD;taMumif; tcgtcGihf
oifw h ikd ;f tm;yg;w& avQmufwifMuw,f/ bk&ifawGuvnf; pdw0f ifwpm;
a&Tem;qifMuw,f/ vSyvGe;f wJh tJ'D ief;rsKd ;EG,pf u k kd &ifoyfcs;D usL;Muw,f/
ief;wdkY&JU bk&if '&Dwm&MweJY qrkcwdkYtaMumif; Mum;od&jyefwJhtcg
odyftHhMoMuw,f/ Am&mPoDjynfh&Sif bk&ifjA[®'wfqdk&if tJ'D uefMuD;eJY
ief;tvSawGukd rawGUjrif& raeEdik af wmhavmufatmif jzpfvmw,f/
'gaMumifh wpfaeYrSm eef;wGif;ol eef;wGif;om;awGtm;vHk;udk
ac:,ljyD; pHpk rf;ar;jref;awmhw,f/
]usKyf&JU ynm&SdtrwfMuD;eJY opömawmfcHrsm;? usKyfawmh
tawmfukd tcufMuHKae&jyD? jyif;jyvGe;f wJh qE´wpfcu k usKyfukd aeYpOfeYJtrQ
zdpD;ESdyfpufaejyD? tJ'D qE´ rjynfh0oa&GU usKyf pdwfcsrf;omEdkifawmhrSm
r[kwfawmhbl;}
]t&Sifrif;jrwf&JU qEúdk uREfkyfwdkYtm; rdefY[ jrGufMum;apvdkygw,f?
t&Sirf if;jrwf}
]remqma&uefMuD;rSm aexdkifwJh ief;bk&ifeJY ]qrkc}udk usKyf
awGYjrifcsifwhJ pdwq f E´ odyjf yif;jyaew,f? 'DqE´jynf0h zdYk b,fenf;b,fykH
aqmif&Guf &r,fqdkwm wifavQmufMuprf;yg}
'Dawmh trwfMuD;wpfOD;u tMuHay;w,f/
]rSefvSyg? enf;vrf;wpfckawmh&Sdygw,f t&Sifrif;MuD;? uREfkyf
tMuHay;&r,fqdk&if remqm a&uefMuD;xuf ydkrdkcefYnm;xnf0gjyD;
ydkusufoa&&SdwJh a&uefMuD;wpfckudk Am&mPoDjynf jrdKUwHcg;0em;rSm
wl;az:apyg? jyD;wJhtcg þa&uefMuD;onf urÇmay:&Sd iSufowÅ0g
taygif;twGujf zpfonf? vma&mufusupf m;Muonfh iSuo f wÅ0gtaygif;ud
Am&mPoDjynf&h iS u f Muifemomtm;jzifh umuG,af pmifah &Smufawmfrrl nf}vkYd
&yfa0;&yfeD;tm;vHk; odoGm;atmif owif;jzefYay;yg/
]'Dowif;[m ief;rsm;aysmfpH&m remqm a&uefMuD;qD wpfcsdefawmh
a&mufomG ;rSm trSeyf gyJ? olwYkd a&uefMuD;xuf tppomvGew f hJ a&uefMf uD;
wpfck ay:aygufaejyDqdkwm odoGm;Mu&if jrifawGYcsifaZmeJY tJ'Ddief;awG
ta&mufvmMurSm ajrvufcwfrvGJ jzpfygvdrfhr,f t&Sifrif;MuD;}
bk&iftawmfhudk oabmusauseyfoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh a&uef
MuD;udk csucf si;f pwifw;l azmfMuzdYk trdeYfawmfxw k jf yefvu
kd wf ,f/ wpfq,fh
ESpf&moD zl;yGifhMuwJh opfyifawG? vSayh qef;ayhqdkwJh yef;yifawGudk
wdkif;wpfyg;u rSm,lw,f/ uefa&jyifuvnf; rSefom;vdk Munfaeawmh
a&atmufrmS ig;awG ul;cwfvyI &f mS ;aeMuwmudk txif;om;jrifae&w,f/
uefMuD; vHk;0OóHkjyD;oGm;wJhtcg remqm a&uefMuD;xuf wu,fhudk
ydv
k aS ew,f/ydck efYnm;xnf0gjyD; ydu k suof a&&Sad ew,f/ iSuaf wG? ysm;awG?
vdyfjymawG axmifeJYcsDjyD; a&mufvmMuw,f/ olwdkYrSm a&uefMuD;&JU
tvS"mwfawG ul;pufpdrfh0ifaeMuvdkY aw;oDusL;Mu? [dk[dk'D'D ysHoef;Mu?
uMu ckefMu tdk aysmfrqHk;yJaygh/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSm 'Da&uefMuD;&JU owif;udk aeYpOf jzefYay;aew,f/
wdkif;wpfyg; iSufowÅ0gtaygif;udk zdwfac:w,f/ urÇmha'otoD;oD;u
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
iSufaygif;pHk wzGJzGJ woJoJ a&mufvmMuw,f/ Mumvmawmh iSufawG[m

'Da&uefMuD;udk olwdkY&JU qHkpnf;&mtjzpf owfrSwfvdkufMuawmhw,f/
wpfaeY remqm a&uefu ief;i,fav;ESpfaumif[m olwdkY
a&uefMuD;eJY cGJcGmjyD;o urÇmudkjzwfysHoef; c&D;ESifzdkY xGufcGmvmMuw,f/
Am&mPoDjynfMuD;ay: a&mufvmwJhtcg tawmfhudk qGJaqmif ñdIUiifEdkif
pGr;f wJh a&uefomMuD;udk bGm;ueJjrifvu kd &f w,f/ zdwaf c:aeoHawGuv kd nf;
Mum;w,f? 'gaMumifh qif;oufjyD; a&uefwpfywf vSnfhvnfMunfh&IMu
w,f/ Mo jrif&orQ tvScsnf;ygyJvm;/ tif; 'Da&uefrmS &Sw d hJ opfyif
rsdK;? yef;yifrsdK; wdkYwpfawG tdyfrufxJrSmawmifrjriffcJhzl;bl;/ a[m
Munfhprf;? uefa&jyifxJrSmyef;uHk;MuD;awGu wtdtd? wjidrfhjidrfh arsmygvdkY
aevdu k wf m? Munfrh 0 &IrqH;k ygyJvm;/ tif; 'Da&uefMuD;rsm; wdYkyikd af &uefMuD;
jzpfc&hJ if/
rcsifhr&J tawG;awGeJY ief;i,fav;ESpfaumif uefwpfzufuae
[dk wpfzufta&muf aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tiful;cwfjyD; olwdkYXmaeudk rjyefcsifh
jyefcsif jyefomG ;Muw,f/
Xmaejyefa&mufwmeJY Am&mPoD a&uefMuD;taMumif; rarmEdkif
ryef;Edik f aeYpOf&ufquf jyefajymjyMuw,f/ vSaMumif;? odyu f kd xl;jcm;
aMumif;? tifrwef cefYnm;vGef;wJh taMumif;awG Mum;&zefrsm;vmawmh
ief;ajcmufaomif; w&G&G? wMuGMuGjzpfvmjyDaygh? MunfjhrifcsifpdwfawG
,dkzdwfvmjyDaygh? oGm;csifpdwfudk wm;rEdkif qD;r& jzpfvmMujyDaygh/
'gaMumifh wpfaeY ief;bk&if '&Dwm&MwqD0ifjyD; r&ru ylqmMuawmhw,f/
aemufqHk;awmh ief;bk&ifuyg vdkufyg&Ipm;zdkYqHk;jzwfvdkufw,f/ 'gayrJh
tajrmftjrifMuD;wJh qrkc uawmh 'Dq;kH jzwfcsufaMumifh raysmfyu kd wf t hJ jyif
pdwfrcsrf;romawmif jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh olu ]t&Sif? vufatmuf
i,fom;rsm;&JUtvdkudk ,ckuJhodkY vdkufavsmwm rSefuefoifhavsmfw,fvdkY
t&Sifwu,fyJ ,lqxm;ygovm;? vlom;awG ajymorQr,HkMunfoifhyg?
zdwfac:oHawGu trSefudk vdkvdkvm;vm; vufcHp&maumif;avmufatmif
em;0ifcsdKvSygw,f? 'gayrJh em;0ifcsdKwJh zdwfac:oH aemufuG,frSm
bmawG&SdaeovJ/ uREfkyfwdkYodwmu tenf;i,frQyg t&Sif? rnfodkYyif
jzpfap oGm;Mur,fvYkd qH;k jzwfonfw h ikd f uREfyk w
f Ykd wpf&ufxuf ydrk aeoifh
bl;vdkY xifygw,f}
ief;bk&if '&Dwm&Mwu qrkc ajymorQudkoabmwlvufcHw,f/
ncsrf;csdefusrS ief;tkyfMuD; Am&mPoDjynfbuf a&SU½IysHoef;vmMuw,f/
t&kPu f si;f csed rf S ief;tkyMf uD; Am&mPoD a&uefomMuD;qD a&mufMuw,f/
ief;awGtm;vHk;[m a&uefMuD;udk jrifvdkufMuwJh wpfcPrSmyJolwdkYXmae
remqma&uefudk arhoGm;Muw,f/ ief;awG[m a&jyifxufu yef;awG
Mum;rSm waysmfwyg; ul;cwfMuw,f/ olwdkYtzdkY tdyfrufrufaeovdkudk
jzpfaew,f/jidro f ufwhJ uefa&jyifxufrmS olwYkdwpfawG vGiahf rsmaeMuwm
rsm; aumif;uifu Mu,fajcmufaomif; vif;vufaeovdkyJ/ 'Dtcdse
frSmyJief;awGa&mufvmMujyDqdkwJh owif;udk jA[®'wfbk&ifxH wifavQmuf
vdkufMuw,f/ bk&if[m tm;&0rf;omjzpfoGm;jyD; ]a[ aumif;vSaypG?
uJ tcsdefqGJraeMueJY? '&Dwm&Mwudk t&trdom zrf;Muayawmh? rdwmeJY
ighxH o,faqmifcJhMu}vdkY trdefYrSwfvdkufw,f/
bk&ifhtaptyg;awGu a&uefxJu yef;yGifhawGMum;rSm axmif
acsmuf wpfckudk tjrefqHk;csMuw,f/ rMumvdkufygbl;/ '&Dwm&Mw&JU
aiGa&mif ajcwpfzuf axmifacsmufrmS rdygava&m/ ief;bk&if axmifacsmuf
rSm rdaejyDqw kd modomG ;MuwJih ef;awG odyu f xkd w
d v
f efYwek v
f yI o
f mG ;Muw,f/
xdcu kd af MuuGpJ w d af wGeYJ pl;pl;&J&J atmfjrnfMuw,f/ olwYkd qufvnf;rae0Hh
awmh wmrdYk aumif;uifxpJ w G yf sHwufMuw,f/ ysHaeMuwke;f rSm olwYkd b&k if
ppfyGJrSm usqHk;oGm;ovdkudk cHpm;aeMu&w,f/
qrkcuawmh ysHrajy;bl;/olYt&Sief YJ twlcsefae&pfw,f/
]qrkc remqmudk jyefyg? ighvufatmufi,fom;awG pdk;&drf ylyef
aeMua&mhr,f? tdk qrkc olwdkYtay: pmemiJhñSmpdwfeJY jyefyg? oifr&SdvdkY
rjzpfbl;? olwdkY[m olwdkYudkumuG,fapmifha&Smufay;Edkifr,fh tMuD;tuJudk
arQmv f ifah eMuvdrrhf ,f}
'gayrJh qrkc[m olYt&SifajymwmawGudk rMum;Edkifawmhbl;? olY
tem;uvnf; rcGm&ufawmhbl;/
ief;wpfaumifudk rdxm;wmeJY tjcm;ief;wpfaumifu b,frS
roGm;awmhbJ tem;rSm w&pf0J0J vkyfaewmudk bk&ifhtaptyg;u
jrifae&w,f/ol tHMh opdwef YJ ai;Munfah erdw,f/
cPMumawmhrS qrkcudk ajymoifhwmajymjyzdkY ol owd&vmw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]ief;MuD;? oifhtaz:udk zrf;rdxm;ygjyD? 'gayrJh tdk toifief;MuD;?

oifhudk rzrf;yg? odkYygvsuf b,ftwGuf oif ysHrajy;bJw&pf0J0J vkyfae
&ygovJ? tapmifhawGu oifhudk zrf;,lEdkifrSef;oifrodbl;vm;? oifh
awmifyHawG[m jzLazG;vSyMuygw,f? toifief;MuD; r0hHpm;vGef;oifhyg?
tjref ysHoGm;oifhygw,f}
],ck oifzrf;rdxm;wJh ief;MuD;[m uREfkyfwdkY&JU bk&ifjzpfw,f/
uREykf &f UJ bk&ifeYJa0;&mudk yso
H ef;xGucf mG oGm;&wJah emuf uREykf f rnfuo hJ YkdvQif
aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhEdkifygawmhrvJ? tdk tapmifhvkvif? wu,fwrf; uREfkyfudk
oifu pdwfcsrf;ajrhvdkygvQif uREfkyfudk ac:aqmifoGm;yg? ief;bk&ifudk
vTwaf y;vdu k yf g}
'Dawmh tapmifhvkvifu csdKcsKdomom &Sif;jyw,f/
]rpdk;&drfygeJY toifief;MuD;? oifhbk&iftay: b,fvdktEÅ&m,frS
usa&mufrSm r[kwfygbl;? olY aiGa&mif ajcwpfacsmif;rdaewm rSefygw,f?
'gayrJh ckvdkrdatmif axmifzrf;&wm[m uREfkyfbk&ifu olYudk jrifawGY
vdkvGef;vdk Yom jzpfw,f? uJ oifief;MuD;yg usKyfycHk;ay:ysHwufjyD;
vdkufcJhygawmh? usKyfwdkYbk&ifu oifwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;udk aumif;pGm *kPfjyKyg
vdrrhf ,f}
tapmifhvkvifajymcJhwJhtwdkif;ygyJ? ief;ESpfaumifudk rwkyfaESmifbJ
eef;wGi;f ta&mufac:aqmifvmcJjh yD; ZmwfaMumif;udk jyefw f ifavQmufvu kd wf hJ
tcg jA[®'wfbk&if xdwfvefYtHhMo jzpfoGm;&awmhw,f/ pum;awmif
rajymEdik af wmhovdk jzpfaew,f/ 'Dawmh '&Dwm&MwupjyD; csdKomwJt h oHeYJ
ajymvdu k wf ,f/ief;bk&if&UJ csKd omwJph um;awGu jA[®'wfb&k ifEh v S ;kH tdru f kd
yDwzd ;kH oGm;apw,f/ aemufyikd ;f rSm ief;bk&ifeYJ jA[®'wfb&k if Munfom&Tiyf s
pGm pum;ajymMuw,f/ rif;crf;rif;em;eJYvnf; jyKpk{nfch w H ,f/ onfah emuf
ief;bk&ifeJY qrkcwdkY[m eef;wGif;u xGufcGmcJhjyD; remqmudk ysHoef;oGm;
Muw,f/
ief;ajcmufaomif;tzdkY ief;bk&ifeJY qrkc jyefa&mufvmjcif;[m
twdkif;rod 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfp&mrdkY aemufydkif;rSm olwdkY ydkrdkaysmf&Tif
csrf;ajrhomG ;Muawmhw,f/
n
rtwJh acG;t
wpfcgawmh usm;MuD;wpfaumif[m axmifacsmufwpfckxJrSm rdoGm;owJh/
usm;MuD;[m axmifacsmufoHwdkifawGMum;uae tjyifa&mufEkdifzdkY MudK;pm;
ayr,ft h csn;f ES;D omjzpfaew,f/f Mumawmh a'goxGuv f mjyD; axmifacsmuf
xJrmS vl;w,f? vSrd w hf ,f? oHwikd af wGukd udu
k w
f ,f/ 'gayrJh vGwaf jrmufEikd f
p&m vrf;ay:rvmbl;/ 'Dawmh usm;MuD;vnf; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJvmawmh
wmaygh/
'gayrJh uHaumif;csifawmh 'DtcsdefrSm jA[®Pwpfa,muf
axmifacsmufem; a&mufvmowJ/h usm;MuD;u olYukd axmifacsmufwu J ae
vSr;f jrifvukd w
f meJY ]tdk w&m;&Si?f uREykf u
f kd axmifacsmuftjyifa&mufatmif
ulnDygvdkY} awmif;yefw,f/
'Dawmh jA[®Pu ]rdwfaqGusm;MuD; oifhudk uREfkyf rulnDEdkifyg?
rdwaf qGusm;MuD;tjyifa&mufwmeJY usKyfukd owfpm;rSm pd;k &drv f yS gw,f}vdYk
at;at;oufom jyefajymvdkufw,f/
'DtcgrSm usm;MuD;u trsdK;rsdK;usdefwG,fjyD;uwday;owJh/
]owfrpm;ygbl;Asm? tjyifa&mufatmif ulnDwJhtwGuf touf
xufqkH; aus;Zl;wifaerSmyg/ 'gwGifruygbl;av t&SifhuReftjzpfeJY
t&Sifhukd wpfoufvkH; jyKpkOD;rSmyg}
usm;MuD;u ikdwpfcg ½IdufwvSnfheJY ckvkd usdefwG,fajymvmawmh
jA[®PESv;Hk om;t&nfaysmo f mG ;awmhw,f/usm;MuD;tay:oem;pdw0f ifvm
w,f/ 'gaMumifh axmifacsmufwHcg; zGifhay;zkdY oabmwlvkdufawmhw,f/
jA[®P[maxmifacsmufwHcg;udk zGifhay;vkdufw,f/ wHcg;vnf;
yGiahf &musm;MuD;[m acgif;ukd axmufacsmuftjyif tjrefxw k v
f udk jf yD;
oem;p&maumif;wJh jA[®Pukd zrf;vkdufawmhowJh/
]uJ odyfrkdufwJhvlom; aoaya&mh/ axmifacsmufxJ ydwfrdaewm
MumvSjyDrkdY usKyf odyfqmaejyDav/ oifhukd rpm;vkdY rjzpfawmhbl;}
jA[®Pu toufcsrf;omay;zkdY tcgcg awmif;yefayr,fh r&bl;/
'gayr,fh awmif;yefveG ;f ru awmif;yefawmh usm;MuD;u tcGit hf a&;wpfck
ay;vkdufowJh/ tcGifhta&;u bmvJqkdawmh usm;MuD;&Jh tjyKtrl[m
w&m;w,f rw&m;bl; od&atmif jA[®Pu okH;ckaom t&m0w¬Krsm;xH
oGm;a&muf ar;jref;jyD; olwkdY tqkH;tjzwf cH,lEkdifw,f/ tJ'D okH;ckaom
t&m0w¬Krsm;&Jh tqkH;tjzwftwkdif; jA[®Pvkdufemaqmif&GufzkdY uwdjyK
&r,f/uwdjyKr,fq&dk if ok;H ckaom t&m0w¬Krsm;xH oGm;a&muftqk;H tjzwf
cH,El idk wf ,fqw dk myJ/
'DtcGifhta&;vnf;&a&m jA[®P[m t&dyftm0goaumif;vSwJh
aAm"danmifyifMuD;qD yxrOD;qk;H oGm;jyD; usm;MuD;eJYoUl udpö b,fv, dk q
l yg
ovJvYdk ar;vku d o
f wJ/h 'Dawmh anmifyifMuD;u ]]&Si;f aewmyJ jA[®P&,f?
usKyfa&SU jzwfoef;oGm;vmwkdif;ukd usKyf[m t&dyftm0goaumif;
ray;cJhbl;vm;? ay;cJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DvlawG jyefjyD; usKyf&Jh tukdif;
tcufawGcsK;d Mu? EGm;pmawGauR;Mua&mrvkyMf ubl;vm;? vkyMf uwmyJ?'Dawmh
jA[®Pa& ckrSawmh aMumufraeeJY? a,mufsm;pdwfom arG;aya&mh} vkdY
jyefajymw,f}
jA[®Pvnf; tifrwef pdwfESvkH; nd§K;csKH;oGm;awmhowJh/ 'gayrJh
oGm;ar;zkYd 'kw, d t&m0w¬Kwpfck useaf eao;vkYd tm;wif;jyD; qufavQmuf
cJhw,f/ tawmfa0;a0;a&mufvmwJhtcgv,fuGif;wpfckxJ a&mufvmcJh
owJh/ v,fuGif;xJrSm a&&[wfMuD;ukd vSnfhay;aewJh uRJwpfaumifukd
awGU&w,f/ 'Dawmh jA[®Pu uRJem;uyfoGm;jyD; usm;MuD;eJY olUudpö
ajymjyjyefw,f/ 'gayr,fh xl;xl;jcm;jcm; 0rf;omtm;&r,fh tajzrsKd;
xGufrvmvkdY ol&ifqkdif&awmhr,fh tEÅ&m,fukd awG;rdjyD; xdwfvefYvm
awmhowJh/ &ifwkefyef;wkef jzpfvmawmhowJh/ tif; jzpfvnf; jzpfavmuf
w,fav/ uRJMuD; jyefajymykHu arQmfvifhp&m wpfuGufuav;rS r&dSbJukd;/
]aus;Zl;w&m;udk arQmfvihfaewJh oif[m t½l;wpfa,mufom
jzpfw,f/ wjcm;rMunfeh UJ jA[®P? usKyfb0ukyd J Munfph rf;yg/ usKyf EkYd ay;
Ekdifwkef;u 0gaphawG ESrf;zwfawGauR;w,f/ a[m ck usKyfrSm EkdYvnf;
cef;a&m xrf;yk;d wyf ckid ;f awmhwmyJ/ auR;awmhvnf; trIu d o
f ½ku
d v
f [
dk mawG}
uRJMuD; pum;tqkH;rSm jA[®Pvnf; 0rf;enf;yufvufeJU jyefvSnfh
xGufcJhawmh vrf;wpfckudk awGUjyefowJh/ jA[®Pu vrf;ukd tMuHay;zkdY
awmif;yefjyefw,f/ 'Dawmh vrf;u
]t&Sif? wpfpkHwpfckukdarQmfvifhaewJh oif[m odyfrkdufrJvSygw,f/
a[m'DrSm uRefawmf vJavsmif;ay;aew,f/ vlwkdif;twGuf uRefawmf[m
tok;H 0ifw,f/ 'gayr,fh olaX;awGa&m qif;&Jom;awGa&m vlMuD;awGa&m
vli,fawGa&m tkd tm;vk;H yJ qkyd gawmh? uReaf wmft h ay: eif;jyD; oGm;Muawmh
wmygyJ/ tJ olwkdYwpfawGu uRefawmfhukd bmrsm;ay;ovJ/ bmwpfckrS
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
ray;Muygbl;/ tJ aq;vdyfjymawG? zGJawGawmh uRefawmfhtay: ypfcs

oGm;Muav&Jh}
arQmfvifhcsuf ukefjyDqkdwJh todeJY jA[®P[m 0rf;enf;oGm;jyD;
jyefvn S t hf vm wpfae&ma&mufawmh acG;t eJY awGUvku d o
f wJ/h acG;t uyJ
p ar;owJh/
]tkd jA[®P? rsufESmvnf; raumif;ygvm;/ bmrsm;jzpfvkdYygvdrfh?
oifMh unf&h wm a&a0;ig;vkd pdwyf sufvufysuf jzpfaeykyH gyJvm;Asm}
'Dawmh jA[®Pu olU'ku©ukd zGifhtefjyvkdufowJh/ acG;t uvnf;
'ku©&JhtaMumif;&if; uGif;qufawGudk jrifEkdifatmif *½kpkduf em;axmifjyD;rS
]tif; OD;aESmufacsmufp&myJ? cifAsm;ajymjywmawG r&Sif;vSao;bl;?
xyfajymjy&if aumif;r,f} vkdY ajymw,f/
jA[®Pu xyfajymjyvkdufw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DwpfMudrfrSm acG;tu
pdw½f yI wf yJ rHk sKd;? em;r&Si;f ao;wJyh rHk sKd;eJY acgif;wGiwf iG cf gvkud w f ,f/
]odyfqef;w,f/ cifAsm; ajympum;awG usKyfacgif;xJ wpfckrS
ruseaf wmhb;l / em;wpfzufu 0ifvmjyD; em;wpfzufujyefxu G o f mG ;ovkyd /J
'Dudpjö zpfwJhae&m oGm;MunfhrSxifyg&Jh/ 'grSvnf; uRefawmf tqkH;tjzwf
ay;csif ay;EkdifrSmyJ/ cktwkdif;awmhjzifh [l; bmwpfckrS r&Sif;bl;}
acG;tu oufjyif;MuD;csvkdufjyD; olUpum;ukd tqkH;owfw,f/
jA[®P[m arQmfvifhwMuD;eJY acG;tudk axmifacsmuf&dS&m ac:vm
cJw
h ,f/ axmifacsmufab;rSmawmh jA[®Pjyeftvmudk apmif&h ifh usm;MuD;u
vufonf;awG aoG;aeowJh/ yg;pyfwjyifjyifvkyfaeowJh/ usm;MuD;[m
jA[®Pukv d nf;vSr;f jrifa&m ]oGm;wmodyMf umw,f/ uJ usKyw f Ydk npmpm;Mu
pkdYav} vkdY ajymvkdufowJh/
tr,fav;av; usKyfwkdY wJh/ ajymvkdufwJhykHujzifh nufaewmyJ/
jA[®P[m aMumuf'l;awG wqwfqwfwkefvmjyD; tavm
okH;q,f awG;vkdufowJh/ cPMumrS ]ig;rdepfavmuf tcsdefxyfay;ygOd;
t&Sif? jzpfysufcJhwJh udpöawGudk ckygvmwJh acG;t ukd &Sif;jyyg&apOD;?
'DacG;t u? rSwfÓPfodyfraumif;vSvkdY xyfajymjyzkdY vkdaeygw,f} vkdY
awmif;yefw,f/
usm;MuD;u cGijhf yKwJt h cg jA[®Puvnf; ZmwfaMumif; xyfveS &f jyef
owJ/h 'Dvdk ZmwfaMumif; xyfveS w f t hJ cg jzpf&yfeYJ ywfoufwt hJ csuu f av;
wpfcw k pfavawmif rusef&atmif twwfEidk q f ;Hk tao;pdwf ajymjyowJ/h
'geJYawmif acG;tu olUvufacsmif;ukd zspfnp§ v f u dk jf yD; ]tkd ighO;D aESmufE,S f
nHhvkdufygbdawmh? aeOD; aeOD; 'Dudpb ö ,fvkd pjzpfMuwmvJ? 'DrSm jA[®P?
cifAsm;u axmifacsmufxrJ mS usm;MuD;u axmifacsmufem; avQmufvmwm?
'Dvkd [kwf&Jhvm;}
'Dawmh usm;MuD;u xDGceJ wHawG;wpfcsufaxG;vkdufjyD; ][m
t½l; axmifacsmufxJa&mufwmu iguG? ig ig} vkdY a'geJY armeJY
ajymowJ/h
usm;MuD;u 'Dvkd a[mufvkdufawmh acG;tu wkefaeatmif
aMumufomG ;ykrH sK;d eJY]aMomf? [kwyf gw,fcifAsm? [kwyf gw,f? axmifacsmufxJ
a&mufaewm uReaf wmfy/J trf/ 'Dvv dk nf; r[kwaf o;ygbl;/ cufvu dk w
f m
aemf/ rSwfÓPfawG b,fa&mufukefygvdrfh/ tJ aeOD;? tif; [kwfjyD/
[kwfjyD/ usm;MuD;u jA[®PxJrSm axmifacsmufu jzwfavQmufvmw,f/
[m b,fvkdMuD;vJ? r[kwfao;ygbl;/ uJAsm OD;aESmuf ajcmufw,f/
uRefawmhf tomxm;jyD; cifAsm; npmpm;zkdYom vkyf
awmh? uRefawmfb,fawmhrS em;vnfEkdifawmhrSm
r[kwfbl;/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]at; [kwfw,f? rif; 'DvkdeJYawmh b,fawmhrS em;vnfrSm

r[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh rif; em;ukdvnf&r,f}
usm;MuD;u acG;t todÓPfacgif;yg;ykHukd a'goxGufvmjyD;
jyefajymvkdufw,f/ jyD;rS olUpum;udk qufw,f/
]'DrSm Munfhprf; igu usm;aemf}
][kwfygjyD t&Sif}
]a[m'gu jA[®P}
][kwfygjyD t&Sif}
]'gu axmifacsmuf}
][kwfuJh? [kwfuJh}
]at;? igu axmifacsmufrdaewm em;vnf&Jhvm;}
][kwf [kwfygjyD t&Sif? tJ b,fvkd b,fvdk aus;Zl;jyKjyD;
xyfajymygOD; t&Si}f
]bmuG}
]aus;Zl;jyKjyD; wpfqdwfajymygOD; t&Sif? tkd ta&;xJ t&Sifu
b,fvkdvkyf axmifacsmufxJ a&mufoGm;&wmvJ}
][ b,fvkdvkyf a&muf&OD;rSmvJ? a&mufaeusykHrsKd;eJY a&mufoGm;
&wmaygh t t &Jh}
]tktd r,fav;av; uReaf wmfah cgif;csmcsmvnfvnfvmjyefjyDpw d rf &dyS geJY
t&Sif&,f/ uRefawmf rawG;wwfvGef;vkdYyg? a&mufaeusykHrsKd;qkdwm
b,fvkdykHrsKd;vJ t&Sif&,f}
acG;t u 'Dvadk r;vkud af wmh usm;MuD;u pdwrf &Snaf wmhb;l / 'gaMumifh
axmifacsmufxJ ckef0ifvkdufjyD; ]a[m'DvkduG a[m'Dvkd uJ odyvm;} vkdY
atmfjyD;tar; acG;tu wpfcsufjyKH;vkdufjyD; ]aumif;aumif;MuD; odyg
jyDwJhcifAsm} vkdYajym&if; axmifacsmufwHcg;ukd usifusifvnfvnfMuD;
ydwfvkdufawmhowJh/ jyD;rS acG;tu qufajymw,f/
]at;Asm? BuHKwkef;ajym&OD;r,f? ckawmh tm;vkH;[m ykdaeNrJ? usm;aeNrJ
twkdif; quf&dSoGm;ygjyD} wJh/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
yÍö 0 k " rif ; om;
[kd a&S;a&S;wkef;u Am&mPoDjynfrSm jA[®'wfrif;MuD; pkd;pHawmfrlcJhw,f/

tavmif;awmf[m 'DjA[®'wfrif;MuD;&Jh rdz&k m;acgif 0rf;rSm 0ifpm;zGm;ajrmuf
cJo
h wJ/h tavmif;awmfudk trnfay;r,fah eYrmS bk&ifMuD;u jA[®Pynm&Sif
&Sp&f mudk yifah c:jyD; om;awmfav;&Jh vu©Pmudk zwfcidk ;f w,f/ ynm&Sirf sm;
awmif;orQukdvnf; bk&ifMuD;u vkdufavsmawmfrlw,f/ vu©PmwGuf
&mrSm wpfzufurf;cwfMuwJh jA[®PawG[m tifrwefaumif;wJh tavmif;
awmf&Jh vP©Pmukd jrifMu&awmh
]vu©Pmuawmh taumif;awGcsnf; jzpfygonf/ t&Sifrif;MuD;&Jh
t½kduft&mudk trSefqufcHygvdrfhrnf/ wkdif;jynfeJY t0ef; ausmfMum;yg
vdrfhrnf/ vufeufig;yg;t&Siftjzpf xif&Sm;ygvdrfhrnf/ tdEd́,jynfMuD;&Jh
t"du r[mvlom; trSefpifppf jzpfygvdrfhrnf t&Sifrif;MuD;} vkdY
avQmufwifMuw,f/ 'Dvdk avQmufwifcsuaf Mumifv h nf; tavmif;awmfudk
yÍö0k"vkdY trnfay;vkdufowJh/ "m;? vHS ? av;? wif;ykwf? 'kdif;qkdwJh
vufeufig;yg;udk ykid pf ;dk olaygh/
tavmif;awmf[m 16 ESpf t&G,fa&mufvmvkdY a0zefykdif;jcm;EkdifpGrf;
&SdvmwJhtcg zcifbk&ifMuD;u ]om;awmf yÍöm0k"? ynmpkHatmif oif,l
ayOD;} vkdY apckdif;owJh/ 'Dawmh tavmif;awmfu ] om;awmf rnfonfh
q&mxHrSm oif,l&rSmvJ} vkdY jyefar;w,f/
]uef'[mwkdif; wuúokdvfjynfrSm tifrwefxif&Sm;ausmfapmwJh
q&mwpfO;D &daS yw,f/ tJ'q D &mxH om;awmf oGm;a&mufoif,al pcsiw f ,f/
'D tojymaxmifxkyfudk ,loGm;jyD; om;awmf&Jh q&mukd uefawmhyg}
zcrnf;awmfrSmpum;twkdif; tavmif;awmf[m wkdif;jynfuxGuf
cJhjyD; wuúokdvfjynfu q&mMuD;xHrSm ynmoif,lcJhw,f/ ynmpkHwJhtcg
q&mMuD;u tavmif;awmfudk vufaqmiftjzpfeYJ vufeufig;rsK;d ay;vku d f
w,f/ tavmif;awmf[m vufeufig;rsK;d udk uk, d rf mS wyfqifjyD; wuúov dk f
jynfuae Am&mPoDukd jyefvmcJhowJh/
tavmif;awmf&Jh tjyefc&D;rSm awmMuD;wpfck umqD;aew,f/
'DawmxJrmS wpfu, dk v
f ;Hk tarG;trifz;Hk aewJh bDv;l MuD;wpfaumif &So
d wJ/h
tavmif;awmfu'DawmxJ0ifr,fvyk af wmh vlwcsKUd u]tkt d &Sirf if;om;
'Dawmukad wmh a&SmifuiG ;f oGm;yg/ 'DawmxJrmS tarG;awG wpfu, dk v
f ;Hk zk;H aewJh
bDvl;MuD;wpfaumif&Sdygw,f/ jriforQvlwkdif;ukd owfjzwfpm;aomuf
ygw,fvYdk ajymjyjyD; wm;Muw,f/ 'gayr,fh ,kMH unfrt I jynft h 0 &xm;wJh
tavmif;awmfu aMumufpw d u
f if;wJh jcaoFrh if;vkd &J&w J if;wif;yJ awmxJ
0ifomG ;owJ/h
tavmif;awmf awmtv,fa&mufawmh bDvl;MuD;u ukd,fxifjy
yga&m/ bDvl;MuD;t&yfu xef;yifavmufjrifhowJh/ acgif;u apwD
wpfqlavmuf&dSowJh/ rsufvkH;awGuvnf; yef;uefjym;avmufMuD;owJh/
zkawG xpfawG cRe;f aewJh tpG,Ef pS af csmif;vnf; &do S wJ/h rsuEf mS u odr;f iSuf
rsufESmeJY wlowJh/ AkdufrSmvnf; a&mifpkHtuGufMuD;awG &dSowJh/ ajcawG
vufawGuvnf; jymESrf;aeowJh/
bDv;l MuD;u tavmif;awmfudk ]toif b,fuo dk mG ;rSmvJ? qufroGm;
ygeJY? &yfyg? toif ightpm jzpfacsjyD} vkYd atmfajymw,f/ tavmif;awmfu
]toif bDv;l MuD; owdeYJom uREyfk t f em; uyfaya&mh? 'DrmS jrif&rhJ [kwv f m;
bDvl;MuD;? qdyfvl;jrm;av? 'Dqdyfvl;jrm;rSefvkdYuawmh toifbDvl;MuD;
jyefxEkid rf mS r[kwb
f ;l } vkYd ajcmufveS Yfvudk jf yD; qdyvf ;l jrm;wpfpif; ypfvw T f
vkdufw,f/ jrm;wH[m bDvl;MuD;&Jh tarG;trifawGrSm oGm;uyfaeowJh/
tavmif;awmfu aemufxyfjyD; jrm;wpfpif; vTwfjyefw,f/
'Djrm;wHvnf; tarG;trifawGrmS oGm;uyfaejyefw,f/ 'geJY tavmif;awmfu
jrm;tpif;ig;q,ftxd wpfpif;jyD; wpfpif; tqufrjywf ypfvw T af wmhowJ/h
'gayrJh jrm;wHtm;vkH; tarG;trifawGrSm oGm;uyfwmcsnf;yJwJh/
tavmif;awmfu jrm;awG rvTwfawmhbJ &yfvkdufwJhtcg bDvl;MuD;u
tarG;trifawGrSm uyfaewJh jrm;awGudk qGJNzKwfjyD; csKd;yJhypfw,f/
jyD;awmh jrm;tusKd;awGukd olUajc&if; ypfcsvku d jf yD; tavmif;awmfem;
uyfvmw,f/ 'Dtcg tavmif;awmfu olYukdawmif jyefajcmufvSefYaewJh
bDvl;MuD;ukd "m;qGJxkwfjyD; xkd;vkdufw,f/ okH;ayeD;yg;&SnfwJh "m;[m
tarG;trifawGrSm uyfaejyefa&m/ tavmif;awmfu vSHeJY qufxkd;w,f/
wif;ykwfeJY xkw,f/ ½kdufw,f/ vSHa&m wif;ykwfa&m tarG;rSm uyfae
w,f/
okH;avorQ vufeufawGtm;vkH; bDvl;MuD;&Jh tarG;trifawGrSm
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
oGm;uyfawmh b,fvq dk ufwu

dk rf ,fqw
dk m bD;vl;Mu;D odomG ;atmif tavmif;
awmfu zGiahf jymowJ/h
][Jh oifbDvl;? oif[m yÍö0k"trnf&wJh vufeufig;yg; ykdif&Sif
uREkfyf&JhtaMumif;udk wpfMudrfwpfcgrS rMum;bl;rSwfw,f/ wu,fawmh
uREkyf [f m uREkyf yf idk pf ;dk wJh vufeufig;rsKd;udk tm;uk;d jyD; 'DawmxJ 0ifcw hJ m
r[kwf/ uREkfyfukd uREkfyf ,kHMunfrI&dSjyD; 0ifvmcJhjcif;om jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifv h nf; uaeYawmhjzifh toif bDv;l MuD;udk pdpn d ufnuf aMuoGm;
atmif uREkfyf axmif;&ayawmhr,f}
ajymajymqkdqkdyJ tavmif;awmf[m tm;,ljyD; nmvufoD;eJY
0ifx;dk awmhowJ/h 'DtcgrSmvnf; nmvufo;D u tarG;awGrmS uyfomG ;jyef
w,f/'geJYb,fvufo;D eJYqufx;dk w,f/ b,fvufo;D vnf;uyfaejyefa&m?
nmajcaxmufeYJuefw,f/uyfomG ;jyefw,f/ b,fajceJUqufuefawmhvnf;
uyfaejyefowJ/h aemufq;Hk ]uJ pdpn d ufnufacsypfr,f} vkYd Mudr;f 0g;vku
d jf yD;
acgif;eJYwtm;aqmifyh pfw,f/ acgif;u tarG;awGrmS uyfaejyefowJ/h
'DvkdeJY tavmif;awmf[m ig;Mudrfawmif ½IH;edrfhoGm;cJhw,f/ bDvl;
MuD;&Jh tarG;trifawGuvnf; tavmif;awmf&Jh cE¨mukd,f ig;ae&mrSm
uyfaejyD; rvIyfr&Sm;EkdifawmhbJ wGJvGJMuD; jzpfaewmhwmaygh/ 'gayr,fh
tavmif;awmf[m bDvl;MuD;ukd vkH;vkH;raMumufbl;? &GHU"mwf wpfcsuf
r0ifb;l wJ/h
'Dawmh bDvl;MuD;u awG;w,f/
jcaoFhvkd owdåaumif;wJh vlom;wpfOD;eJYawmh awGUae&jyD/ jrifhjrwf
wJh vlom;vm; rod/ omrefvlom;xuf xl;jcm;wmtrSefyJ/ ighvkdbDvl;&Jh
vufwGif; a&mufaewmawmif wpfa&G;om;rQ aMumufpdwfr0ifbl;/ ig
'De,fy,fukd tykdifpm;vmuwnf;u 'Dvkdvlom;rsKd; wpfcgrQ rawGUcJhbl;/
tif; 'Dvlom; bmaMumifh raMumuf&wmygvdrfh/
wjznf;jznf; awG;&if; bDvl;MuD;ukd,fwkdifyJ aMumufvmovkdvkd
jzpfvmawmhowJ/h tavmif;awmfukd pm;zkYd 0efav;vmawmhowJ/h 'gaMumifh
taMumif;&if; od&atmif tavmif;awmfukd ar;jref;pkpH rf;Munhv f udk wf ,f/
]t&Sif vkvif? bmaMumifh t&Sifvkvif[m aorif;udk raMumuf
wmvJ}
]bDvl;MuD;? bmtaMumif;eJY aorif;ukd uREkfyf aMumuf&rSmvJ/
vlwpfa,muf&Jhb0rSm wpfMudrfwpfcgom aoEkdifygw,f/ 'D todtjyif
uREkyf 0f rf;Akud t f wGi;f rSm 0&Zdevf ufeufvnf; &dw S ,f/ toifbv D ;l MuD;u
uREkyf u
f kd pm;&if b,fawmhrS tpmaMuEkid rf mS r[kwb f ;l / 0&Zdevf ufeufu
toifbv D ;l MuD;&Jh tlawG? tonf;awGukd tpdwpf w d tf `rTm`rTm acsrGypfvu dk f
rSmyJ/ 'Dawmh toifbDvl;MuD;vnf; aor,f? ESpfOD;pvkH; aoMurSmrkdY
uREkyf bf mukrd S raMumufjcif;jzpfw,f/
(tavmif;awmfu olUuk, d wf iG ;f rSm ÓPfvufeuf&aSd Mumif; &nfñeT ;f
ajymqkv d udk jf cif; jzpfygw,f)
vkvif[m trSefukdom ajymjcif;jzpfr,f/ jcaohFvkd vlwpfa,muf&Jh
tom;ukd yJveG ;f aphuav;avmuf pm;rd&ifyJ ightwGuf tpmacszkYd cufacs
a&mhr,f/ olUukd ig vTwfrS jzpfawmhr,f/
bDvl;MuD;[m aorSmaMumufjyD; tavmif;awmfukd vTGwfay;vkduf
w,f/ jyD;rS
]toif vkvif? toifvkvif[m jcaoFhrif;vkd vlom;wpfOD;
jzpfayw,f/ toifvkvifukd uREkfyf rpm;awmhyg/ &m[kcHwGif;u vrif;
xGufvmovkd toifvkvifvnf; uREkfyfvufwGif;u vGwfygjyD/ toif
vkvif&Jh aqGrsKd;rdwfo*F[rsm;xH jyefygavawmh} vkdY ajymvkdufw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
'Dawmh tavmif;awmfu
]toif bDvl;MuD;? toifajymwJhtwdkif; uREkfyf oGm;ygrnf? 'gayrJh
toihfxHu rxGufcGmrD uREkfyfrSm ajymp&m &dSygao;onf/ wu,fawmh
twdwb f 0u &cJzh ;l wJh tukov dk uf aH Mumifh ,ck b0rS toifbv D ;l jzpfvm
&onf/ ,ck bDvl;b0rSmvnf; oifonf &ufpufMurf;MuKwfvSonf?
aoG;iwfvSonf? tom;pm;MuL;vSonf? wpfyg;oludk emusifapolvnf;
jzpfonf/ 'Dtwkid ;f om tukov dk rf aI wG qufjyKomG ;aevQif toifbv D ;l MuD;
onf tarSmifrS tarSmifoYdk oGm;aeoljzpfacsa&mhrnf? xkYd aMumifh tukov dk f
trIrsm;ukd rjyKygESifh/ ygPmwdygwuHonf i&J wd&pämef jydwåmbkHvm;&m
taMumif;w&m;jzpfacsonf/ vlUb0ukd &OD;awmh toufwkdwwfonf}
'Dvkd w&m;jyjyD;wJhaemuf ig;yg;oDv rapmifhxdef;wJh twGuf
jzpfay:vmr,fh qk;d usK;d rsm; ig;yg;oDv apmifx h ed ;f wJth wGuf cHpm;&rJh tusK;d
w&m;rsm;udyk g xkwaf zmfñeT jf yvku d w f ,f/ xdwv f efY aMumuf&UHG vmatmif
vnf; enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJY qkdqkH;rw,f/
'gaMumifh aemufq;Hk bDv;l MuD;[m jcdK;NcHEidk w f t hJ qifh wufvrS ;f Ekid cf jhJ yD;
ig;yg;oDvukd tNrJwnfaqmufygawmhr,fvkdY tmrbaEÅ cHawmhowJh/
'DawmhrS tavmif;awmfu awmapmifhewf awmifapmifhewfawGudkyg
vSLzG,rf sm;uyfvLS jyD; ylaZmfyozkYdowday;jyD; awmMuD;xJu xGuv f mcJah wmh
owJh/
awmpyfa&mufawmh tJ'Dem;rSm&dSwJh vlawGudk taMumif;pkH jyefajym
jyw,f/ jyD;rS tavmif;awmf[m vufeufig;yg;wyfqifjyD; Am&mPoDudk
jyefoGm;w,f/ aemufykdif;rSm tavmif;awmf[m bk&if jzpfvmw,f/
wkdif;jynfukd rif;usifhw&m;eJUtnD ajzmifhajzmifhrwfrwf tkyfcsKyfcJhw,f/
tavmif;awmf[m tvSLa&puf vufeJYruGmcJhbl;/ raumif;rIawGudk
MuOfa&SmifjyD; aumif;rIukokdvfrsm;udkom jyKcJhí ewf&GmpHwJhtcg aumif;&m
ok*wd a&mufoGm;awmhowJh/
n
aumif;uifxJu Mu,fuav;awG
olUacG;MuD; qkdif&D;,yfeJY wpfaeukefwpfaecef; awmvkdufae&wmukd
]tk&d tD eG }f vkvifysKd odyaf ysmyf u
dk f ESpjf cdKufw,f/ wpfaeY olawmvku d af e&if;
awmwpfae&mrSm aysmfaysmfyg; jrL;wl;upm;aeMuwJh rdef;rysKduav;
ckepfa,mufudk awGU&w,f/ rde;f rysKduav;awGu tvGeu f adk csm? tvGeu f dk
vSawmh? olwkdYav;awG olUrsufpdatmufu aysmufoGm;rSmudk pkd;&drfaejyD/
'gaMumifh rsujf cnfjywf vk;H 0rcHbJ olwYdkeUJ eD;uyfomG ;atmif MudK;pm;w,f/
trSeaf wmh rde;f rysKud av; ckepfa,muf[m vlom;awG r[kwMf ubl;/
ewforD;uav;awG? 'gukd tkd&DtGef b,fodyghrvJ/ ewforD;uav;awG
uawmh olwkdYem;uyfvmzkdY MudK;pm;aewJh tkd&DtGefukd aMumufMuw,f/
tkd&DtGefu aorsKd;jzpfwJh vlom; r[kwfvm;/ 'gaMumifh oleYJ vGwf&m
ajy;Muwmaygh/ olwkdYajy;awmh tkd&DtGefuvkduf? vkdufawmh ykdaMumufvm?
ykdjyD; jrefjrefajy;Mu/ olwkdYav;awG MumMum rajy;EkdifMuygbl;/ rMumcif
ajcukefvufyef;usvmw,f/ arm[kduf EGrf;e,fvmMuw,f/ qufrajy;
EkdifMuawmhbl;/ 'Dawmh tkd&DtGef vufwGif; rusqif;&atmif vewforD;
]tmwD;rD;} ukd vSrf;tultnDawmif;vkdufMuw,f/ 'Dawmh vewforD;u
olwkdYav;awGukd iSufjzLMuD; ckepfaumiftjzpf ajymif;ay;vkdufw,f/
aumif;uifxJ ysHwufEkdifMujyDrkdY olwkdYav;awG tkd&DtGef tvkdufcH&wJh
&efab;u a0;Ekid Mf ujyDaygh/ aumif;uif [kd tjrifx h J a&mufomG ;MuwJt h cg
iSujf zLckepfaumifudk vewforD;u Mu,fcek pfyiG t hf jzpf ajymif;vkud jf yefw,f/
tJ'D Mu,fcek pfyiG u hf kd ]yvkid af t;'D;(pf)} vkYd ac:w,fav? tJ'D Mu,fcek pfyiG hf
aumif;uifxJrSm cyfrSdefrSdef vif;vufaewm ckxd jrifEkdifao;w,f
r[kwfvm;/
vewforD; tmwD;rD; ukd,fwkdifuvnf; awmvkduf tifrwef uRrf;
w,f/ trSefawmh 'DvewforD;u 0goemwl awmbk&ifav;udk MudKufae
w,fav/ awmbk&ifav; tk&d t D eG u
f ½kyaf csmwmud;k / oefprG ;f MuHch idk w
f muk;d /
rMumcif olwkdYESpfOD; twlawmvkdufwJh tajcqkdufcJhw,f/ aemufykdif;
awmh odyfukdcspfMuwJh rdwfaqGESpfOD;vkd jzpfoGm;Muw,f/
]'gayrJh cufaewmu tmwD;rD;u olUtpfukdMuD; aeewfom;
]tykdvkd}ukd uwdwpfck ay;xm;rdwJh tcsufyJ/ uwdu ]b,fawmhrS
tdrfaxmifrjyKygbl;} qkdwmyJ? tckvkd tkd&DtGefeJY olUESrav; aeYpOf
wwGJwGJvkyfaeawmh tykdvkd pdwfuoduatmuf jzpfvmw,f/ olUESrav;
uwdzsuaf wmhr,fvYdk xifw,f/ 'gaMumifh tykv d udk olUESrav;eJY tk&d t
D eG f
uGJoGm;atmif pOf;vJwJh tpDtpOfwpfckudk MuHpnfjyD; csufcsif; taumif
txnf azmfawmhw,f/
wpfaeY tykdvkd yifv,furf;ajcbuf vrf;avQmufxGufawmh
olUESrav;ukdyg ac:oGm;w,f/ urf;ajcwpfavQmuf vrf;avQmuf&if;
tykdvkdu awmvkdufwJhtaMumif; pdwf0ifwpm;ajymvkd[ef aqmifw,f/
'DurSwpfqifh av;eJYjrm;taMumif; a&mufatmif qG,fvmcJhw,f/ tJ'D
qG,fvmwJh ae&mvnf;a&mufa&m tykdvkdu ]ESrav;xuf tpfukdu
ykda0;atmif ypfEkdifw,f/ bmaMumifhvJ odvm;/ tpfukdYav;u ESrav;
av;xuf ykdaumif;wmukd;} vkdY rcHcsifatmif qGay;vkdufw,f/
'Dawmh tmwD;rD;u ] 'g rjzpfEidk b f ;l / tpfuedk YJ jydKifypfr,fav? 'grS
ESrav;[m tpfukdUxuf
av;ypfawmfwmukd vufawGU
jyEkid rf mS aygh}vkYd jyefajymw,f/
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tykv d dk usdwaf useyfaew,f/ olppD Ofcw hJ mvnf; 'Dbw l mqku d zf Ydk u;dk /
olu jyHK;NyHK;&,f&,f trlt&meJY ]aumif;ygjyDwJhAsm} vkdY oabmwlwJh
pum;cHvu dk wf ,f/ jyD;rSyifv,fxJ [kad wmfawmfa0;a0;utrnf;pufuav;
ukd ñTefjy&if; ]uJ a[m[kdrSm trnf;pufuav; jrifw,f r[kwfvm;/
tJ'D trnf;pufuav;udk rSefatmifypfEkdif&if ESrav;[m tpfukdYxuf
av;ypf ykad wmfw,fqw dk hJ tcsuuf dk vufcyH gw,fwAhJ sm} vkYd ajymvku d w
f ,f/
tmwD;rD; bmrSrajymawmhbJ av;udkaumufukdifvkdufjyD; trnf;
pufuav;udk taotcsm csdefypfvTwfvkdufw,f/ trnf;pufuav;udk
wnfhwnfhrwfrwf xdrSefoGm;w,f/ rMumcifrSmyJ trnf;pufuav;
yifv,fxJ epfjrKyfaysmufu, G of mG ;awmhw,f/
tykdvkdu ausauseyfeyfMuD; NyHK;jyD; ]ESrav;[m tpfukdYxuf
wu,fyadk wmfygw,fAsm} vkYd 0efcjH yD; yifv,furf;pyfu xGucf mG oGm;w,f/
tmwD;rD; urf;pyfrSm usef&pfcJhw,f/ olu igypfvkdufwm bmrsm;
ygvdrfhvkdY awG;rdvkdufwmukd;/ rMumbl;/ olrtwGuf tifrwefYukd
wkev f yI f acsmufcsm;p&mt&m wpfcu k kd ½kwwf &uf jrifvu dk &f w,f/ vIid ;f vk;H
awGMum;rSm jrm;wef;vef;eJY tkd&DtGef vl;vdrfhygvmw,fav/ urf;pyfeJY
eD;vmawmh olUacG;MuD; qkdif&D;,yf[m 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ[efeJY yifv,fxJ
ul;cwfoGm;w,f/
wu,fawmh tykdvkd ñTefjywJh trnf;pufuav;[m tkd&DtGef
&JhOD;acgif;yJ/ tJ'DaeYrSm tkd&DtGefu olUacG;MuD;ac:jyD; yifv,fxJqif;
a&ul;w,fav/ ol a&ul;zkdY xGufvmwmudk tykdvkdu jrifvkdufw,f/
'DrmS wif tk&d t D eG u
f dk owfzYdk olUESrav;tmwD;rD;ukv d n
S phf m;Ekid vf u
dk w
f myJaygh/
tmwD;rD;[m olUvky&f yftwGuf &ifxrk em jzpfae&Smw,f/ tonf;uGJ
atmif cHpm;ae&&Smw,f/ 'gayr,fh ol bmrS rwwfEkdifawmhbl;/ ukd,fh
cspo f ul dk uk, d u f , dk w
f idk f owfypfcjhJ yDu;dk / olUb0rSm b,fvrdk S ajzodrEhf idk af wmh
rSm r[kwfbl;/
aemufykdif;rSm tmwD;rD;u tkd&DtGefeJY olYacG;MuD;ukd Mu,fESpfyGifhtjzpf
ajymif;ay;vkdufw,f/ ckawmif aumif;uifxJMunfhvkduf&if jrifEkdifao;
w,fav/ tkd&DtGefMu,frSm cg;ywfywfwJhae&mrSm Mu,fokH;yGifhygw,f/
tkd&DtGefMu,fab;u wvufvufMu,f[m qkdif&D;,yfMu,fyJaygh/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
yd&daooyfvSwJh tajz
wpfOD;wnf;aomom;rkdY [m&Sifuav;ukd olUtazu odyfcspfowJhuG,f/

[m&Siuf av;uvhn;f vdrm® w,fav/ tazu [m&Siu f av; touf&pS Ef pS f
txd tdrfrSmyJ pmoifay;w,f/ [m&Sifuav;&Jh tazu todynm
<u,f0w,f/ bk&m;w&m; MunfnKd w,f/ ol[m &SpEf pS o f m;t&G,f uav;
i,frsm; odEidk pf rG ;f r&daS o;wJh taMumif;t&mawGukd om;jzpfol [m&Siu
f av;
ukd oifjyay;xm;owJhuG,f/
[m&Sif touf&pS Ef pS f wif;wif;jynfrh S ausmif;ykYd w,f/ ausmif;a&muf
awmh q&mu [m&Sifuav;udk ]vluav; bmawG oif,lxm;jyD;jyDvJ}vdkY
ar;owJh/ 'Dawmh [m&Sifuav;u ]uRefawmfpmzwf wwfygw,f/
pmvnf;a&;wwfygw,f} vkYd ajzw,f/ q&mu qufjyD; ]*Pef;awGuakd &m
a&wGufwwfjyDvm;} vkdY ar;jyefw,f/
][kwuf ?hJ uReaf wmf a&wGuw f wfygw,f/ *Pef;ocsmF enf;enf;yg;yg;
em;vnfygw,f}
[m&Sifuav;&Jh tajzpum;ukd Mum;&wJhtcg q&mu tem;rSm
&yfaewJh [m&Sizhf cifbuf vSnv hf udk jf yD;
]vlMuD;rif;cifAsm? vlMuD;rif;[m om;jzpfolukd ta&;? tzwf?
twGuftm;vkH;awmh oifjyxm;jyD;jzpfaeygjyD/ MuD;jrwfvSwJh bk&m;ocif
taMumif;ukda&m oifjyxm;ygovm;cifAsm? bk&m;ocif&Jh wefckd;awmf
teEÅawGtaMumif;rsm;ukdyg oifjyxm;jyD; jzpfygovm;} vkdY ar;vkdufjyef
w,f/
'Dtcg [m&Siu f av;&Jh zcifu

][m&Sifhukdom ar;Munfhygawmh} vkdY ajzowJh/
'gaMumifq h &mu [m&Siu f av;ukd
]uJ [m&Sif? rif;ukd q&mu bk&m;ocifeJY ywfoufwJh ar;cGef;
okH;ckar;r,f/ bk&m;ocif b,frSm &dSovJ/ bk&m;ocif bmawGudk odjrif
awmfrlovJ? bk&m;ocif bmawGudk aqmif&GufawmfrlEkdifovJ}
[m&Siu f av;&Jh jyefMum;csufu
]q&mar;wmukd uRefawmf BudK;pm;ajzyghr,f/ 'gayr,fh rajzcif
uRefawmf rodwJh okH;csuf q&mudk ar;cGifhjyKyg/ 'DtcsufokH;csufukdom
od&&if q&mhar;cGef; okH;ckudk uRefawmf ajzEkdifr,f xifygw,f}
]aumif;jyD/ ar;Ekdifygw,f vluav;}
&SpfESpfom;t&G,f uav;i,f&JU tar;avmufudkawmh tvG,fwul
ajzEkid vf rd rhf ,f txifeYJ q&mu ar;cGijfh yKvdu
k w
f ,f/
]yxrqkH; uRefawmfodcsifwmu bk&m;ocif b,fae&mrSm
r&dSbl;vJqkdwJh tcsufyJ/ 'kwd, odcsifwmu bk&m;ocifu bmawGudk
rodwmvJ qkw d hJ tcsuf/ wwd,odcsifwmuawmh bk&m;ocif bmawGukd
raqmif&GufEkdifbl;vJ qkdwmygyJ q&m? uRefawmf odcsifwmawG od&jyD
qkd&if bk&m;ocifb,frSm&dSw,f/ bk&m;ocifbmawGukd odw,f? bk&m;
ocif bmawGudk aqmif&GufEkdifw,fqkdwm uRefawmfajzyghr,f}
[m&Sifuav;&Jh pum;tqkH;rSm q&m odyfjyD; tm;&auseyfoGm;
&w,f/
][m&Sif? rif; tifrwefawmfygayw,f/ rif;&Jh ar;cGef;okH;ckeJYyJ
q&mhar;cGef; okH;ckukd aoaooyfoyf ajzjyD; jzpfoGm;ygjyD} vkdY csD;usL;jyD;
[m&Siu f av;&Jh zcifMuD;ukd
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
]vlMuD;rif;cifAs/ vlMuD;rif;[m om;jzpfolukd aumif;pGm oifjy

xm;jyD;jzpfygw,f? bk&m;ocif&Jh wefckd;awmfteEÅawGudk xyfoifjyp&m
rvkdawmhygbl;? 'Dawmh uRefawmfodxm;wJh tjcm; taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd
0rf;yef;wom oifjyay;zkdY &dSygawmhw,f cifAsm} vkdY wpfqufwnf;
ajymjy vkdufawmhowJhuG,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
tdypf ifuav;ay: yufvufveS f qeft;dk ukd pl;pl;pku d pf u

dk Mf unfjh yD; pdwuf ;l ,Of
&wmuvnf; rarmEkid f ryef;Ekid q f ydk /J
wpfnrSm olUqeftkd;ukd MunfhjyD; pdwful;,OfjyefowJh/
]tif; qefawGawmh tk;d tjynfh &daS erSmyJ/ 'Dtcsdef tiwfab;qku d v f m
&ifawmh xkwfa&mif;ypfr,f/ wpf&mawmh aocsmayguf&rSm/ 'DaiGwpf&meJY
qdwx f ;D uav;wpfaumif?qdwrf uav;wpfaumif0,fr,f?ajcmufvavmuf
Mumwkdif; Mumwkdif; qdwfuav;awG aygufr,f? Mumawmh qdwftkyfMuD;
jzpfvma&m? 'DqdwftkyfMuD;udk a&mif;&if tJ aiGawGjyef&? 'Dwpfcgawmh
EGm;rawG 0,fr,f? EGm;rawGu EGm;uav;awG arG;? EGm;uav;awGukd jyef
a&mif;? a&mif;&aiGeJY uRJawG0,fr,f? jyefa&mif; tJ'DaiGeJY jrif;awG
0,fEkdifawmhrSmyJ? tif; 'Djrif;awGudk a&mif;vkduf&ifjzifh tm; a&TawG0,f
Ekid jf yD? 'Da&TawG a&mif;&aiGeYJ tJ av;aqmifjydKiftrd Mf uD; aqmufr,f? [J [J
'Dtcgus jA[®PwpfOD;OD;u ighukd orD;unm vmquforSm?
vufzUJG ypön;f awG trsm;MuD;vJ ygvmrSmyJ? aemufwpfEpS af vmuf Mumawmh
om;uav;arG;? tif; emrnfb,fvkday;&ygh? tJ tJ pOf;pm;vkdY&jyD/ ]qkdrm
qmyif} aygh/ 'Dom;uav; ighaygifay: wufaqmhupm;EkdifwJht&G,f
a&mufvm&if jrif;aZmif;em;xkdifjyD; ig pmzwfawmhr,f? tif; pmzwfaewJh
ightay: wufaqmhzkdY olUtaraygifay: xkdifae&mu ajy;vmr,fhom;ukd
jrifa,mifao;awmhu, G /f
om;uav;u jrif;awGMum;u jzwfajy;csif ajy;vmrSm/ tJ'Dvkdom
qkd&if 'Daumif jrif;uefcH&zkdY aocsmw,f? 'DtcgrSm igu a'gowMuD;eJY
]a[; uav;ukdac:prf;? ac:prf;} vkdY atmfajymvkdufr,f/ 'gayr,fh olUrSm
tvkyfawGu ½IyfaevkdY igatmfajymwmukd Mum;csifrS Mum;rSm/ tJvkdrsm;
rMum;vkdYuawmh wpfcgwnf; olYem;xoGm;jyD; ajcaxmufeJY a[m'Dvkd
a[m'Dvdk uefxnfyh pfvu dk rf ,f/
tawG;aemuf pdwfygoGm;jyD; wpfcsufxuef rdvkdufowJh/ tJ ol
uefvkdufrdwmu olUrdef;rudkawmh r[kwfbl;/ qeftkd;ukd uefrdwm/
'gaMumifh qeftkd;uGJjyD; qefawG olUtay: zdwfusvmawmhwmaygh/
wpfukd,fvkH; azG;azG;jzLoGm;awmhowJh/
'gaMumifh tem*wftwGuf ra&&mwJh pdwu f ;l tpDtpOfukd rku d rf u
dk rf rJ J
qGo J rl eS o f rQ qkrd mqmyif&hJ zcifvdk tusK;d r&dw
S thJ jzpfrsK;d eJY wk;d &wwfw,f/
n
vufa&G;pifEidk if w
b0if u k d i f o l
csDjynfe,f 0efMuD;csKyf ,efZ[ l m wpfaeYawmh jrif;av;aumifuwJh &xm;eJY

c&D;xGufcJhw,f/ 0efMuD;csKyf jrif;&xm;ukd armif;ESif&wJh t&dSefeJY jrif;
&xm;armif;ol[m tawmfav; b0ifav½kdufaeykH&w,f/ xnfxnf0g0g
jzpfaeykHvnf; &w,f/ 'Dtrlt&mawGudk jrif;&xm;armif;ol&Jh ZeD;onfu
*dwaf ygufuae vSr;f tuJcwfvu dk rf w
d ,f/
c&D;xGuf&mu tdrfjyefa&mufvmawmh jrif;&xm;armif;ol&Jh ZeD;u
]&Sifhukd uRefr uGmcsifjyD} vkdY ajymvkdufw,f/
'Dawmh jrif;&xm;armif;olu
]bmaMumifh uGmcsif&wmvJ} vkdY ar;w,f/
xkdtcg ZeD;onfu
],efZku csDjynfe,f&Jh 0efMuD;csKyf? jynfe,f wpfckvkH;rSm [kd;[kd;
ausmf? 'gayr,fh uaeY awGUvkdufawmh ½kd;½kd;pif;pif;uav;? bm[efyefrS
r&dSbl;? b0ifjrifhykH vkH;0raygufbl;? xnf0gcsif[ef wpfpufuav;rS
rawGU&bl;? wpfcck u k dk pl;pl;epfepf awG;aewwfwhJ ykpH rH sKd;yJ? tif; &Sirhf mS jzifh
&xm;armif;olom jzpfw,f? b0ifjrifhaewJhykH? odyfudk auseyftm;&
aewJhykH? 'gaMumifh &Sifhukd uGmcsifwm} vkdY &Sif;jyw,f/
aemufyidk ;f rSmawmh olra,mufsm;[m £aÈ´&&Sd Sd aexkid o f mG ;awmhowJ/h
&xm;armif;ol&Jh 'Dtajymif;tvJaMumifh 0efMuD;csKyf[m tHhMooGm;jyD;
pkpH rf;Munfw h t hJ cg &xm;armif;olu, dk wf idk u
f trSet
f wkid ;f ajymjyvkud wf ,f/
'Dawmh 0efMuD;csKyfu t&m&dS wpfae&mtwGuf olUukd cefYtyfzkdY axmufcH
ay;vku d yf gowJ/h
n
jref r mjyef o l \
pmayESifh b0jzpfpOfrSwfwrf;
1937 Zlvdkifv 7 &ufwGif &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; rdk;rdwfNrdKUü arG;zGm;cJh/

rdbESpfyg;rSm OD;omaAsm ESifh a':a':rIH jzpfonf/ rdk;rdwfNrdKU tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;wGif oli,fwef;rS &Spfwef;atmifonftxd ynm
oif,cl /hJ
1951 rEÅav;NrdKU? wdik ;f cspf tvGwyf nmoif txufwef;ausmif;odYk ajymif;a½TU
ynmoif,cl /hJ
1952 rEÅav;NrdKU? wdkif;cspf tvGwfynmoif txufwef;ausmif;rS 10wef;
atmifjrifcJh/
1953 0gPdZÆ bmomwGJjzifh &efukefwuúodkvfwGif wufa&mufynmoif,lcJh/
1960 &efukefwuúodkvfrS Oypm 0gPZÆwef; atmifjrifcJh/
1963 awmifilNrdKU? or®w tvGwfynmoif txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf
&mxl;jzifh t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh oifjycJh/
1966 t*Fvdyfpm usL&Sifq&mtjzpf toufarG;cJh/ usL&Sifq&mtjzpf touf
arG;aeonfhtwGif;rSmyif 0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk a&;om;um r*¾Zif;wdkufrsm;odkY
ay;ykdYcJh/
1975 ZGefvxkwf aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;wGif tajzESpfck 0w¬Kukd yxrqkH; azmfjy
cHcJh&/ onfhaemuf rdk;a0 pmayr*¾Zif;wGif 0w¬Kwdkrsm; qufwdkufa&;cJh/
1983 ynma&;avmurS xGufcGmum pmayavmuxJ0if&ef &efukefodkY
ajymif;a½TUvmcJh/
1984 OD;atmifjrifh (B.A;B.L) ESifh wGJí ½TifNyKH;avhvm t*Fvdyfpm pmtkyf
xkwfcJh/
1986 t*Fvdyfpm ukd,fykdiftawG;? ukd,fykdifta&; pmtkyfukd tvS'óe
pmtkyfwdkufrS xkwfa0cJh/
1992 azaz:0g&DvwGif tdEd´, ½dk;&m"avh ykHjyifrsm; pmtkyfudk tvS'óe
f wGif Edik if pH Hk ykjH yiftvSrsm; pmtkyu
1992 ZGev f kd pnfajAmoH pmaywdu
k rf S xkwcf /hJ
1993 ZGefvwGif aus;awmom;ESifh EdkifiHpkHykHjyiftvSrsm; pmtkyfudk pnfajAmoH
pmaywdkufrS xkwfa0cJh/
1997 Mo*kwfvwGif Zmwf a wmf v myk H j yif r sm; pmtk y f u d k vif ; OD ; wm&m
pmaywdkufrS xkwfa0cJh/
1998 Edk0ifbmvwGif armh&if; &,fp&m t&ufavmu[morsm; bmomjyef
pmtkyfudk Mu,fpifvif; pmtkyfwdkufrS xkwfa0cJh/
1999 Zefe0g&DwGif iSufwHwm;ESifh EdkifiHpkH ykHjyifrsm; pmtkyfukd ywåjrm;iarmuf
pmaywkdufrS xkwfcJh/
1999 azaz:0g&DvwGif aumif;uifxJu Mu,fuav;awG ESifh EdkifiHpkHykHjyif
rsm; pmtkyfudk ywåjrm;iarmuf pmaywdkufrS xkwfa0cJh/
1999 {NyDvwGif jzpfEdkifw,fxifprf;yg? jzpfygw,f bmomjyefpmtkyfudk
yef;a&Tjynf pmtkyfwdkufrS xkwfa0cJh/
1999 'DZifbmvwGif EdkifiHwum pum;ykHjyifrsm; pmtkyfudk t½kPfaumif;uif
2000 rwfvwGif rSefuefwJhqkH;jzwfcsuf b,fvdkcsrvJ xkwfa0cJh/
2000 rwfvwGif uRefawmft
h ar&duudk pmayavmupmtkyfwdkufrS xkwfa0cJh/
2000 Mo*kwfvwGif uav;rsm;twGuf b0wpfoufwm EdkifiHwum
A[kokwtjzmjzm xkwfa0cJh/
2000 pufwifbmvwGif ,l[ed ;f odYkr[kwf aordeYfEiS t
hf wlarG;zGm;vmolxw
k af 0/
2001 {NyDvwGif tcspfzefvkH;uav;ESifh w½kwf? AD,uferf ykHjyifrsm; xkwfa0/
2001 r*¾Zif;tcsdKUESifh *sme,ftcsdKUwGif ukd,fykdifa&; 0w¬Kwkdrsm;? bmomjyef
0w¬Kwdkrsm;? aqmif;yg;rsm;? [mo twdktxGmrsm;udk vpOf a&;om;
vsuf&dSonf/

Ebook 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ebook 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ebook 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

« wpftkyf 800 usyf »

pmayavmupmtkyf trSwf 325

OD;wifhvGif (3523) aomfupmay

a&S; w½kwftrsKd;orD;awGrSm ajcz0g;ao;ao;uav;awG &SdaeMuw,fvdkY

ol&def? a'a0geJY pE´marmifESr

[dk; a&S;a&S;wkef;u ol&defrif;om;? a'a0grif;om;eJY pE´mrif;orD;uav;

cdkrif; ESifh usD;rdkuf

[d;k a&S;tcgwke;f u olaX;MuD;wpfO;D &JUpm;zdrk ;IS [m tavmif;awmf cdrk if;udk

ckdrif;uawmh usD;tjzpfukd odyf*½krxm;bJ ]taqGusD; reufpm

[dk; a&S;a&S;tcgwkef;u ,morm;wpfa,muf &SdcJhw,f? wpfaeYawmh

[dk; a&S;tcgu bk&ifMuD;wpfyg;&SdcJhw,f/ bk&ifMuD;&JU O,smOfawmfxJrSm

pkef;rMuD;uawmh "m;aoG;&if; usef&pfcJhjyD/ "m;aoG;jyD;wJhtcg

][Jh aumifr? em;yif;aeovm;? igar;aew,fav}

Am&mPoDjynfrSm jA[®'wfrif;MuD; pkd;pHtkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfaecsdefaygh/

'Dawmh jcaoFha&NcHKxm;wJh jrnf;rSef; &Gmom;awG odoGm;Muwmaygh/

tJ'Dvkd tjzpfrSefodoGm;awmh &GmoGm;awG[m jrnf;ukd t½kd;awG

,l v pD & J h c &D ; Murf ; rsm;

'gayrJh wpfcx k ;l wmu tapmift h MuyfwYkd ? tapcHwYkd ukd rawGU&bl;/

eef;awmfMuD;eJY tajctaet&yf&yfudk tuJcwfzdkY olwdkYvlpk

qdkif;&pfu vSvGef;w,f/ tjyHK;u ñdIU,l EdkifvGef;w,f/ toHu

taz:awGu awG;aMumufaew,fxifjyD; ,l½dkif;avmhcsyfudkawmif

uJ 'Dvlpk w0wjyJpm;vdkY jyD;MuygjyD/ qdkif;&pf trlt&mawGvnf;

vufxyfr*Fvmtcrf;tem; jyD;qHk;oGm;wJhtcg tauR;tarG;eJY wnfcif;

ol yifv,fxJ iHYk Munfah ew,f/ oabFm0ef;usifrmS ul;cwfaeMuwJh

jyefEdk;vmawmh rdk;awG&GmaejyD/ tyl'PfaMumifh uGJtufaewJh

toHwpfcku ]'Dvl[m &efrrlwwfwJh piffa&mfiSufMuD;udk owfypfwJh

oabmwlnDrI&wJhtcg tbGm;tdkav;u wHcg;0rSm csxm;wJh

olwdkif; pdwfESvHk; ñdI;csKH; aMuuGJaeMuNyD/ a[m vlawG? vlawG? rñdSxm;

urÇ m wnf o a&G U ouf w rf ; &S n f r nh f r uf v H k ;

rdwfaqGajymoGm;wJhtwdkif;yJ aemufydkif;usawmh om;awGu

tJ om;awG[m zciftdkMuD;vnf;qHk;a&m tdwfMuD;av;vHk;udk

]uRefr&JUJ cspfvif&,f? uRefr&JU rvSry rsufc;kH wpfzuftaMumif;

zm;jyKyf r sm;eJ Y pd e f y G i f h r sm;

][kwfuJh tar? &ygw,f}

]rif;u enf;enf;awmh,Ofaus;om;yJ? 'gayrJhwpfzufom;tvdk

tdrfjyefvmwJh orD;MuD;ukd vSrf;jrifvkdufawmh rkqkd;rMuD;u

]'Dvkd tara&} vkdY tpcsDvkdufwmeJY yg;pyfxJu a>rokH;aumif

aiG & S i f e J Y v,f o rm;

[kd a&S;tcgu v,form;wpfa,muf&dSowJh/ olUb0rSm aiGwkd;acs;pm;ol

v,f o rm;[m 0rf ; omtm;&jzpf j yD ; &G m ud k jyef v mcJ h w ,f /

]tdk tdk cifAsm;xifovdk vHk;0 r[kwf&ygbl;Asm? cifAsm;taeeJY

aumif;uifxJrSm ewfom;awG? ewforD;awG &Sdaeao;wJh [dk wpfcsdef

]nDrwdkY tpDtpOftwdkif; tpfudk aqmif&Gufay;csifygw,fuG,f?

wpfaeY bk&ifwpfyg;[m jrif;jzL ajcmufaumifqGJwJh &xm;eJY aejynfawmf

acG;awGu okwfoifowfjzwfcH&awmhr,f tajcpdkufaew,f/ 'Dtwdkif;

]eef;awmfwiG ;f u acG;rsm;udk usKyv f wG Nf idr;f csr;f omcGiafh y;xm;w,f}

owif ; vuf a qmif

bdck g;&mjrdKUu ukeo f nfMuD;wpfO;D [m wpfaeYawmh tdE, ´d Edik if u H kd c&D;xGuzf Ykd

wpfaumifav? ½kwfw&uf wkefwkef,if,ifjzpfvmjyD; opfyifxufuae

]tif; jrifw,f jrifw,f? 'gayrJh uReaf wmfu h kd cifAsm;&ifciG ef YJtyfjyD;

ñdI;a&mfaewJh yef;yGifhuav;xJrSm olYom;i,f&JU ESvHk;ckefoHudk Mum;vdkuf

]uJ om;udjk yefay;yg? ray;&ifawmh a[m'D yef;td;k xJu yef;awGukd

tJ'Dtouf ESpfacsmif;&SdwJh yef;ESpfyGifh trnfemrawGudk usKyfajymjyr,f

awm&dyfukd xkd;azmufjyD; ausmufrsuf&wema&mifvkd 0if;vufaewJh

]tcsif;rdwfaqG? ,ck uREkfyfajymjyrnfh pum;rsm;udk tav;

wpfaeY om;i,forifaygufuav;arG;jyD;ump orifrMuD; tvSnfh

]t&Sifrif;MuD;? ,ck trdefYawmft& uREkfyf toufum; csrf;om&m

]tef} i,fpOfuawmh olUzcif yef;yJorm;eJYtwl &Gmi,fuav; wpf&GmrSm

tefu orD;awGxJrSm tMuD;rkdY tdrfrI udpaö wG ulvkyfay;&w,f/