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    Chemistry Chapter 4, Comparison

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    Chemistry Chapter 4, Comparison

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    Chemistry Chapter 4, Comparison

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    of 3

    Comparison between Group 1, Group 17, Group 18 (by adam)

    Group Group 1 (Alkali Metal) Group 17 (Halogen) Group 18 (Noble/Inert gas)

    Elements Lithium, Li Fluorine, F Helium, He


    Sodium, Na Chlorine, Cl (gas) Neon, Ne
    Potassium, K Bromine, Br (liquid) Argon, Ar
    Iodine, I (solid)

    Physical *Soft *Change from gas to liquid to solid at room temperature *Colourless at room temperature
    Properties *Low density (can float) *Different color: Cl (greenish yellow), Br (reddish brown), *Melting & boiling point low
    *Grey shiny surface at room temperature I (purplish black) *Doesn’t conduct electricity
    *Can conduct electricity *Water insoluble
    *Low melting & boiling point *Going down the group:
    - The melting & boiling point increase *Going down the group:
    *Going down the group: - The increase in molecular size - Melting & boiling point increase
    - The melting and boiling point decrease - The attraction between molecule become stronger - Atomic size of elements increase
    - The increase in the atomic size - More heat energy is required to overcome the - The attraction force between atoms
    - The attraction force between the atoms intermolecular forces increases
    become weak - More heat energy is required to
    - Less heat energy is required to overcome the overcome this force
    force
    Chemical *Have 1 electron in the valence shell *Have 7 electrons in valence shell *Inert (unreactive) & very stable
    Properties *Atoms donate 1 electron & form an ion with +1 *Atoms receive one electron & forms ions with -1 charge *Helium: duplet electron arrangement
    charge *Exits as diatomic molecules *Other: octet electron arrangement
    *Don’t donate, accept & share electrons
    *Exists as monoatomic gas

    [Date] 1
    The *Due to tendency of an atom to donate its *The reactivity decreases:
    reactivity valence electron - The increase in atomic size of element
    when going - The valence shell to be further away from nucleus
    down the *The reactivity increases: - The nuclear attraction force towards electrons
    group - The number of shells filled with electron become weaker
    increases - Difficulty in attracting electrons to fill the valence
    - The increase in atomic size of element increases.
    - The position of valence electrons & nucleus
    of atom is further away
    - The nuclear attraction force towards electrons
    become weaker
    - Electron are more easily donate

    Period 3 of elements

    Elements Sodium, Na – Magnesium, Mg – Aluminium , Al – Silicon, Si – Phosphorus, P – Sulphur, S – Chlorine, Cl – Argon, Ar

    Physical Properties
    Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
    Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Gas Gas
    Metal Metal Metal Metalloid Non-metal Non-metal Non-metal Non-metal

    *The atomic size decrease because atomic radius decreases


    *When across period 3:
    - Number of protons will increase the charge in atom’s nucleus
    - Electronegativity of elements increase
    - The nuclear attraction force towards electrons increases
    Chemical *Group 1 & 2 (Na2O & MgO): Basic Oxide, Alkaline solution when dissolved in water
    Base + Base -> No reaction
    Properties of *Al2O3: Amphoteric oxide, react with acid & alkali to forms salt + water
    Base + Acid -> Salt + Water
    Oxides of Elements *Group 14-17: Acidic oxide, Acidic solution when dissolved in water
    Acid + Acid -> No reaction

    [Date] 2
    [Date] 3

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