Complex Number Week 1

1. By equating real and imaginary parts, find the real values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 given that:
a. (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖)(2 − 3𝑖) = −13𝑖 e.
! %
+ "#&$ = 4 + 𝑖
"#$

b. (1 + 4𝑖)(𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖) = 6 + 7𝑖 '#&$

f. !#%$
=2+𝑖
c. (1 + 𝑖)𝑥 + (2 − 3𝑖)𝑦 = 10
g. (3 − 𝑖)(𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖) = 𝑖
d. 𝑥(1 + 2𝑖) + 𝑦(2 − 𝑖) = 4 + 5𝑖
h. (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖)" = 2𝑖
2. Let 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real and non-zero. Prove that:
a. 𝑧 + 𝑧̅ is real, c. 𝑧 " + (𝑧̅)" is real,
b. 𝑧 − 𝑧̅ is pure imaginary, d. 𝑧𝑧̅ is real and positive.
(
3. Let 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real. If ()$
is real, show that 𝑧 is imaginary.

4. Prove that if 𝑧 " = (𝑧̅)" then 𝑧 is either purely real or imaginary but not complex.
5. If 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦, where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are real, express in the form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are written in
terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦:
()'
a. 𝑧 )' b. 𝑧 )" c. (#'

6. If both 𝑧 + 𝑤 and 𝑧𝑤 are real, prove that either 𝑧 = 𝑤

6 or 𝐼𝑚(𝑧) = 𝐼𝑚(𝑤) = 0.
7. Find the square root of

a. 2 − √5𝑖 e. −15 − 8𝑖

b. 1 + √3𝑖 f. 8 − 15𝑖

c. 𝑖 g. −4√5 + 10𝑖

d. 7 − 6√2𝑖 h. 60 + 63𝑖
8. Solve for 𝑧:
a. 𝑧 " − 𝑧 + (1 + 𝑖) = 0 d. (1 + 𝑖)𝑧 " + 𝑧 − 5 = 0

b. 𝑧 " + 3𝑧 + (4 + 6𝑖) = 0 e. 𝑧 " + (2 + 𝑖)𝑧 − 13(1 − 𝑖) = 0

c. 𝑧 " − 6𝑧 + (9 − 2𝑖) = 0 f. 𝑖𝑧 " − 2(1 + 𝑖)𝑧 + 10 = 0

9. Find the discriminant and its square roots, and hence solve:

a. 𝑧 " + (4 + 2𝑖)𝑧 + (1 + 2𝑖) = 0

b. 𝑧 " − 2(1 + 𝑖)𝑧 + (2 + 6𝑖) = 0

c. 𝑧 " + 2<1 − 𝑖√3=𝑧 + 2 + 2𝑖√3 = 0

d. 𝑧 " + (1 − 𝑖)𝑧 + (𝑖 − 1) = 0
 ( '
10. Find the two complex number 𝑧 satisfying 𝑧𝑧̅ = 5 and (̅
= + (3 + 4𝑖)

11. Solve the following equations, express the solutions in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real.

a. 𝑥 , − 7𝑥 & − 8 = 0 i. 2𝑥 - − 6𝑥 & + 3𝑥 " + 5𝑥 − 6 = 0

b. 𝑥 & + 𝑥 + 2 = 0 j. 𝑧 " + 𝑧 − (1 + 3𝑖) = 0

c. 𝑥 & + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 k. (1 + 𝑖)𝑧 " − 𝑧 − 𝑖 = 0

d. 2𝑥 - − 7𝑥 & + 8𝑥 " − 2𝑥 − 4 = 0 l. 𝑧 " + (2 + 𝑖)𝑧 + (2 − 2𝑖) = 0

e. 𝑥 & + 5𝑥 " + 11𝑥 + 15 = 0 m. (1 + 𝑖)𝑧 " + 𝑧 − 5 = 0

f. 𝑥 & + 2𝑥 " − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0 n. 2𝑧 " − 𝑖𝑧 − (1 + 3𝑖) = 0

g. 𝑥 - − 3𝑥 & + 12𝑥 − 16 = 0 o. 𝑧 " − 2(3 − 𝑖)𝑧 − 7 + 2𝑖 = 0

h. 𝑥 - + 𝑥 & − 6𝑥 " − 15𝑥 − 9 = 0

12. Prove:
' '#4521#$2$31 1
a. ./0 1#$2$31
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 d. = 𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑡 "
')4521)$2$31

4521)$2$31 '#2$31#$4521
b. 4521#$2$31
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 e. '#2$31)$4521
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

' ' 1 ')2$31#$4521 4521

c. '#4521#$2$31
= " C1 − 𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛 "E f. = '#2$31 𝑖
'#2$31)$4521

Answer
!" $
1. a. 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −2 b. 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = −1 c. 𝑥 = 6 and 𝑦 = 2 d. 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = #
#
$# $& ! $
e. 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = − f. 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1 g. 𝑥 = − !' and 𝑦 = !' h. 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 1 or 𝑥 = 𝑦 = −1
% %

( * ( ! +* ! %(* ( ! )* ! +! %*
5. a. ( ! )* !
− ( !)*! 𝑖 b. (( ! )* ! )!
− (( !)*!)! 𝑖 c. (()!)! )* !
+ (()!)!)*! 𝑖

√#+/ √$)/ !)/ #+$/ 0√$)$√$/

7. a. ± b. ± c. ± d. ±(3 − √2𝑖) e. ±(1 − 4𝑖) f. ± g. ±(√5 + 5𝑖) h. ±
√% √% √% √% √%

!
8. a. 𝑧 = 1 − 𝑖 or 𝑖 b. 𝑧 = −3 + 2𝑖 or −2𝑖 c. 𝑧 = 4 + 𝑖 or 2 − 𝑖 d. 𝑧 = −2 + 𝑖 or (3 − 𝑖)
%
e. 𝑧 = −5 + 𝑖 or 3 − 2𝑖 f. 𝑧 = 3 + 𝑖 or −1 − 3𝑖
9. a. −2 − 𝑖 ± (3√2 + 1 + 𝑖 3√2 − 1) b. 1 + 𝑖 ± (3√5 − 1 − 𝑖3√5 + 1) c. −1 + 𝑖√3 ± (√2 − 𝑖√6)
!
d. %
4−(1 − 𝑖) ± 53√13 + 2 − 𝑖3√13 − 267

10. 𝑧 = ±(2 + 𝑖)

!±√$/ !±√0/ +!±√!!/ ! $±√0/

11. a. −1, 2, −1 ± √3𝑖 , %
b. −1, %
c. 1, %
d. − % , 2, 1 ± 𝑖 e. −3, −1 ± 2𝑖 f. 2, −2 ± 𝑖 g. ±2, %

+$±√$/ %±√%/ +!+/ $+/

h. 3, −1, %
i. 2, −1, %
j. 1 + 𝑖 𝑜𝑟 − 2 − 𝑖 k. 1 𝑜𝑟 %
l. 𝑖 𝑜𝑟 2 − 2𝑖 m. %
𝑜𝑟 − 2 + 𝑖

+%+/
n. 1 + 𝑖 𝑜𝑟 %
o. 7 − 2𝑖 𝑜𝑟 − 1
Complex Number Week 2
1. Given that 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 and 𝑤 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑥 and 𝑦 are real, prove that:
a. ++++++++
𝑧 + 𝑤 = 𝑧̅ + 𝑤
- +++++
# #̅
f. 2%3 = %& , 𝑤 ≠ 0
b. ++++++++
𝑧 − 𝑤 = 𝑧̅ − 𝑤
-
g. 𝐼𝑚[𝑧 + 𝑧̅] = 0
c. +++++++
𝑧 × 𝑤 = 𝑧̅ × 𝑤
-
h. 𝑅𝑒[𝑧 − 𝑧̅] = 0
d. +++
𝑧 ! = (𝑧̅)!
i. 𝐼𝑚[𝑧 ! + 𝑧̅ ! ] = 0
++++
" "
e. 2#3 = #̅ , 𝑧 ≠ 0 j. 𝑅𝑒[𝑧 ! − 𝑧̅ ! ] = 0
2. If (1 − 𝑖𝑥)' is a real number, find 𝑥 , where 𝑥 is real.
3. If (𝑖 + 𝑥)' is pure imaginary, find 𝑥 , where 𝑥 is real.
4. Find all zeros of:
()√"+,
a. 𝑥 ( − 8𝑥 ! + 22𝑥 − 35, given that !
is a zero
-'-√"',
b. 𝑥 ( + 6𝑥 ! + 15𝑥 + 10, given that !
is a zero

c. 𝑥 ( + 9𝑥 + 22, given that 1−√10𝑖 is a zero

d. 𝑥 ( − 11𝑥 ! + 41𝑥 − 51, given that 4 − 𝑖 is a zero
e. 𝑥 ( − 𝑥 ! − 20𝑥 − 154, given that −3 − √13𝑖 is a zero
5. Find all the zeros of:
a. 𝑥 ( − 5𝑥 ! + 19𝑥 + 25 d. 𝑥 ( + 6𝑥 ! + 28𝑥 + 23
b. 𝑥 ( − 15𝑥 + 126 e. 2𝑥 ( − 8𝑥 ! − 27𝑥 − 296
c. 𝑥 ( − 7𝑥 ! + 21𝑥 − 27
6. Find the values of 𝐴 and 𝐵, where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are real, in the following:
a. 𝑥 ! + 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 = 0, given that 1 − 2𝑖 is a root
b. 𝑥 ! + 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 = 0, given that −3 + 7𝑖 is a root
c. 𝑥 ( − 11𝑥 ! + 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 = 0, given that 4 + 𝑖 is a root
d. 𝑥 ( + 𝐴𝑥 ! + 𝐵𝑥 + 26 = 0, given that 2 − 3𝑖 is a root
e. 𝑥 ( + 𝐴𝑥 ! + 𝐵𝑥 − 136 = 0, given that 3 + 5𝑖 is a root
f. 𝑥 ( + 𝐴𝑥 ! + 𝑥 + 𝐵 = 0, given that 2 − 𝑖 is a root
g. 𝑥 ( + 𝐴𝑥 ! − 𝑥 + 𝐵 = 0, given that −1 − 2𝑖 is a root
7. Find all the roots of:
a. 𝑥 . − 4𝑥 ( + 𝑥 ! + 36𝑥 − 90 = 0, given that 2 + √6𝑖 is a root
b. 𝑥 . − 12𝑥 ( + 26𝑥 ! − 44𝑥 + 24 = 0, given that 2 − 2√2𝑖 is a root
c. 𝑥 . − 2𝑥 ( + 2𝑥 ! − 36𝑥 + 168 = 0, given that 3 − √3𝑖 is a root
d. 𝑥 . − 2𝑥 ( + 4𝑥 ! + 4𝑥 + 660 = 0, given that −3 + √13𝑖 is a root
e. 𝑥 . − 3𝑥 ( + 13𝑥 ! + 10𝑥 + 378 = 0, given that −2 − √10𝑖 is a root
 8. If 𝑝 + 𝑞𝑖 is a root of 𝑥 ( − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 , where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are real:
a. Prove that 6 − 𝑝 + 𝑝( − 3𝑝𝑞! = 0 and 1 − 3𝑝! + 𝑞! = 0
b. Hence, prove that 𝑝 − 𝑞𝑖 also is a root.
c. Find all the roots.
9. Given that 2𝑥 / − 5𝑥 . + 2 = 0 and 𝑤 is a root of the equation.
a. Show that 𝑖𝑤 also is a root.
b. Show that 𝑤 -" also is a root.
c. Find all roots.
# ' "!
10. Given that 𝑧𝑧̅ = 13 and #̅ = "( − "( 𝑖 , find 𝑧.

11. Given that 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 . + 𝐴𝑥 ! + 𝐵 , where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are positive real number.
a. Explain why 𝑃(𝑥) = 0 has NO real solution.
b. Given that 𝑖𝑐 and 𝑖𝑑 are the roots of 𝑃(𝑥) = 0, where 𝑐 and 𝑑 are real.
Show that 𝑐 . + 𝑑 . = 𝐴! − 2𝐵
12. The Polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 ( + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, where 𝑐 and 𝑑 are real and non-zero, has a negative real root
𝑘, and two complex roots. 𝑦 = 𝑃(𝑥) has 2 turning points.
a. Show that 𝑐 < 0
b. Sketch 𝑦 = 𝑃(𝑥)
c. If 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 is a root of 𝑃(𝑥), where 𝑎 and 𝑏 area real, show that
i. 𝑎>0 ii. 𝑑 = 8𝑎( + 2𝑎𝑐
13. Prove by Mathematical Induction that (𝑛 ≥ 1):
a. ++++++++++++++++++++++
𝑧" + 𝑧! + ⋯ + 𝑧0 = 𝑧-" + ⋯ + +++
𝑧0
b. +++++++++++++++++++++
𝑧" × 𝑧! × … × 𝑧0 = 𝑧-" × 𝑧-! × … × 𝑧+++
0

14. If 𝛼, where 𝛼 is a non-real complex number, is a root of the equation 𝑎𝑥 . + 𝑏𝑥 ( + 𝑐𝑥 ! + 𝑑𝑥 = 0,

where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑 are real, prove that its conjugate 𝛼+ is also a root.
15. Given a polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑎0 𝑥 0 + 𝑎0-" 𝑥 0-" + ⋯ + 𝑎! 𝑥 ! + 𝑎" 𝑥 + 𝑎1 , where 𝑎0 , 𝑎0-" , … , 𝑎1 are
2
integers. If 3 is a rational root of 𝑃(𝑥), the H.C.F. of 𝑝 and 𝑞 is 1. Show that 𝑝 is a factor of 𝑎1 and 𝑞

is a factor of 𝑎0 .
ANSWERS
2 𝑥 = 0, ±&5 ± 2√5 3 𝑥 = 0, ±&5 ± 2√5
!±√$%& ()±√$)&
4 a: 5, '
, b: −1, '
, c: −2, 1 ± √10𝑖, d: 3, 4 ± 𝑖, e: 7, −3 ± √13𝑖
()±√*+& √'$&
5 a: −1, 3 ± 4𝑖, b: −6, 3 ± 2√3𝑖, c: 3, 2 ± √5𝑖, d: −1, '
, e: 8, −2 ± '
6 a: 𝐴 = −2, 𝐵 = 5, b: 𝐴 = 6, 𝐵 = 58, c: 𝐴 = 41, 𝐵 = −51, d: 𝐴 = 0, 𝐵 = 9,
e: 𝐴 = −10, 𝐵 = 58 f: 𝐴 = −3, 𝐵 = 5 g: 𝐴 = −1, 𝐵 = −15
7 a: ±3, 2 ± √6𝑖, b: 1, 2, 2 ± 2√2𝑖, c: 3 ± √3𝑖, −2 ± √10𝑖, d: −3 ± √13𝑖, 4 ± √14𝑖,
+ √)%
e: −2 ± √10𝑖, ' ± '
𝑖
! ! ! !
8 c. 𝑥 = 2, −1 ± √2𝑖. 9. c. ±2" , ±2(" , ±2" 𝑖, ±2(" 𝑖. 10 𝑧 = ±(3 − 2𝑖) 12 b.
Complex Number Week 3
1. Express the following in modulus-argument form 𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃), where 𝜃 is in radians:

a. √3 + 𝑖 d. 12 − 12√3𝑖
b. −1 + 𝑖 e. 4√3 − 4𝑖
c. 1 + √3𝑖 f. −6𝑖
2. Express the following in the form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real:
!" &"
a. 2𝑐𝑖𝑠 d. 2𝑐𝑖𝑠 !
#
$" " "
b. 4𝑐𝑖𝑠 e. 2 7cos % − 𝑖 sin % 8
%
&" #"
c. 6𝑐𝑖𝑠 f. 8𝑐𝑖𝑠 7− 8
' '

3. Express the following in modulus-argument form 𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑠𝜃, where 𝜃 is in radians:

a. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 d. (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)!
b. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 e. (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)&)
( (
c. sin ! − 𝑖 cos ! f. √cos 4𝜃 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃

4. Given that 𝑧 = 2 + 3𝑖 and 𝑤 = 1 − 𝑖. Plot the points on the Argand Diagram.

a. 𝑧 d. 𝑧 − 𝑤
b. 𝑤 e. 𝑧𝑤
c. 𝑧 + 𝑤 f. 𝑧𝑤 &)
5. Let 𝑧) = 𝑟) (cos 𝜃) + isin 𝜃) ), and 𝑧! = 𝑟! (cos 𝜃! + isin 𝜃! ). Prove the following identities:

a. |𝑧) 𝑧! | = |𝑧) ||𝑧! | e. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ) = −𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧C) )

*
b. @*!@ = |*! |
|* | f. 𝑧) 𝑧C) = |𝑧) |!
" "
g. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ! ) = 2𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) )
c. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) 𝑧! ) = 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ) + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧! )
*!
h. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧)&) ) = −𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) )
d. 𝐴𝑟𝑔 7* 8 = 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ) − 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧! )
"

6. Simplify:
$" $" # '#
a. 3𝑐𝑖𝑠 7 )! 8 × 4𝑐𝑖𝑠 7 % 8 #,-.(")×!,-./ 0×$,-./& 0
c. "#
&
#
$
)!,-./& 0×,-./ 0
# %# % '
!,-./ 0×%,-.( )
b. $
"#
& "#
$,-.(&")×%,-.(
)
4,-.(
'
) d. (# '#
'
%# #
',-./ 0×#,-./& 0×!,-./& 0×#,-.( )
!" ) & "

7. Simplify into 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 form :

()&-)$ (-&√#)& ()6-)'
a. (√#6-)'
c. (√!&√!-)(

()6√#-)) (√#-&))$ (-&√#)&

b. (-&))% (!6!-)'
d. (!6!-)' (-&))%
 8. Prove the following using Mathematical Induction for all integers 𝑛 ≥ 1

a. |𝑧) × 𝑧! × … × 𝑧7 | = |𝑧) | × |𝑧! | × … × |𝑧7 |

b. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ) + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧! ) + ⋯ + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧7 ) = 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) × 𝑧! × … × 𝑧7 )

9. If 𝑧 = |𝑧|𝑐𝑖𝑠𝜃, prove that:

|* |6* * * *̅
a. = |*| b. −2 ≤ *̅ + * ≤ 2
|*|6*

10. Complete the following:

)6-√#
a. Express )6-
in 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 form.
)6-√#
b. Write 1 + 𝑖 and 1 + 𝑖√3 in mod-arg form and hence express )6-
in mod-arg form.
"
c. Hence find the exact value of cos )! .

11. Given that 𝑧 = 1 + 3𝑖 and 𝑤 = 2 + 𝑖 , show that

) "
a. 𝑡𝑎𝑛&) 3 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛&) ! = '
)
b. 𝑡𝑎𝑛&) 7 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛&) 3 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛&) ! = 𝜋

12. Let 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 , solve 𝑧 :

a. 𝑧𝑧̅ − 𝑖𝑧 = 7 + 𝑖
b. |𝑧 + 𝑖|! = 4𝑖𝑧̅
13. Let 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 and 𝑤 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖, prove:
a. |𝑧 + 𝑤|! + |𝑧 − 𝑤|! = 2|𝑧|! + 2|𝑤|!
b. |𝑧 − 𝑤|! = |𝑧|! + |𝑤|! − 2𝑅𝑒[𝑧𝑤
C]
14. Let 𝑧) = 𝑟) (cos 𝜃) + isin 𝜃) ), and 𝑧! = 𝑟! (cos 𝜃! + isin 𝜃! ).

Given that 𝑧) 𝑧C! + 𝑧C) 𝑧! = 0, find the relationship between 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ) and 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧! )

15. Given that 𝑧 = 1 − √3𝑖 , find the values of 𝑛 which satisfy the following equation:

* * ! * 7&) * 7
1 + ! + 7!8 + ⋯ + 7!8 + 7!8 = 0 (𝑛 is positive integer)

Answers：
* ,* * * * *
1a: 2𝑐𝑖𝑠 + , b: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 -
, c: 2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , , d: 24𝑐𝑖𝑠(− , ), e: 8𝑐𝑖𝑠(− + ) , f: 6𝑐𝑖𝑠(− . )
2a: −1 + 𝑖√3, b: −2√3 + 2𝑖, c: 3√2 − 3√2𝑖, d: −2𝑖, e: √3 − 𝑖 , f: −2√2 − 2√2𝑖
* / * *
3a: 𝑐𝑖𝑠(−𝜃), b: 𝑐𝑖𝑠( . − 𝜃), c: 𝑐𝑖𝑠(. − . ), d: 𝑐𝑖𝑠(2𝜃), e: 𝑐𝑖𝑠(𝜃 − . ) , f: 𝑐𝑖𝑠(−2𝜃)
4
,* , 0* 0 .2* 0 0*
6a: 12𝑐𝑖𝑠(− - ), b: . 𝑐𝑖𝑠( 1. ), c: . 𝑐𝑖𝑠( +3 ), d:1. 𝑐𝑖𝑠(− .- )
4
7a. b. √3 + 𝑖 c. −√2𝑖 d. −4√3 − 4𝑖
.
15√, √,71 * 15√,
10a: .
+𝑖 .
, b: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 1., c: .√.
12 a. −1 + 2𝑖 or −1 − 3𝑖 b. 𝑖
15. 𝑛 = 6𝑘 − 1 , k is positive integers

.
Complex Number Week 4
1. In the complex plane, mark a point 𝐾 to represent a complex number 𝑧 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑠𝜃 where 1 < 𝑟 < 2
! ! $
and " < 𝜃 < # . Hence indicate clearly the points 𝑀, 𝑁, 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 representing 𝑧̅, −𝑧, 2𝑧, 𝑖𝑧 and %
respectively.
2. Let 𝑧 = 2 + 3𝑖 Find the complex number represented by:
a. 𝑧 rotated 90o anti-clockwise d. 𝑧 rotated 60o anti-clockwise
b. 𝑧 rotated 45o clockwise e. 𝑧 rotated 135o anti-clockwise
c. 𝑧 rotated 30o clockwise f. 𝑧 rotated 90o clockwise
3. Let point P represent the complex number 𝑝 = 3 + 𝑖, point O represent the origin, and point Q
represent the complex number 𝑞. Find 𝑞 if O, P, Q are in anti-clockwise order, and:
a. OPQ forms an isosceles right angled triangle, where ∠𝑃𝑂𝑄 = 90°
b. OPQ forms an isosceles right angled triangle, where ∠𝑂𝑃𝑄 = 90°
c. OPQ forms an isosceles right angled triangle, where ∠𝑂𝑄𝑃 = 90°
d. OPQ forms an equilateral triangle
e. OPQ forms an isosceles triangle, where ∠𝑃𝑂𝑄 = ∠𝑂𝑃𝑄 = 30°
4. Let 𝑧 = 2 + 𝑖 and 𝑤 = 1 + 3𝑖
a. Show on an Argand diagram: O the origin, A represented by 𝑧, B represented by 𝑧 + 𝑤, and
C represented by 𝑤
b. With reasoning, identify the geometrical shape of OABC
!
5. Let 𝑧 be a non-zero complex number such that |𝑧| = 𝑟 and 0 < arg 𝑧 < . #
Indicate points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 in the complex plane representing the complex number
! % !
𝑧, −𝑖𝑧, G2 𝑧𝑐𝑖𝑠 & H and I# 𝑐𝑖𝑠 G− " HJ respectively.
6. Let O, A, B, C be four points on an Argand diagram. O is the origin, A represents the complex
number 𝑧 = 4 + 5𝑖, C represents 𝑤 = 5 + 4𝑖, and B represents 𝑧 + 𝑤
a. Draw these four points, and geometrically describe OABC, giving reasons
b. Find |𝑧 + 𝑤| and |𝑧 − 𝑤|
c. Find the area of OABC
7. If A and B represent the complex numbers 1 + 2𝑖 and −3 + 𝑖 respectively, find the complex
numbers 𝑐 and 𝑑 represented by points C and D respectively, so that ABCD is a square.
8. A triangle has vertices at the points representing the complex number 𝑧$ , 𝑧# and 𝑧& .
% '% ! !
If %! '%" = cos & + 𝑖 sin & , show that the triangle is equilateral.
# "
9. OPQR is a square. The point P represents 4 + 3𝑖. Find the complex number represented by:
a. The point R
b. The point Q
c. The vector QR
d. The vector PR

#
TTTTTT⃑ = 2𝑂𝑃
Now the square OPQR is extended to a rectangle OP’Q’R’, where 𝑂𝑃’ TTTTT⃑ , and TTTTTT⃑
𝑂𝑅’ = & 𝑂𝑅TTTTT⃑ ,find:
e. The vector OP’ h. The vector P’R’
f. The vector OR’ i. Area of OP’Q’R
g. The vector OQ’ j. Area of OPQ’R’
 10. In the diagram, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 90°. B and C represent 5 + 3𝑖 and 9 + 6𝑖 respectively. Find
the complex number represented by:
a. The vector BC
b. The vector AB
c. The point A
d. The vector AC

The point D is drawn such that ABCD forms a kite, with |𝐵𝐷| = 2|𝐴𝐶|. Find:
e. The vector BD h. The vector CD
f. The point D i. Area of ABCD
g. The vector AD j. Area of ACD
11. All the vertices of an equilateral triangle are equidistant from the origin. One of its vertices is at 1 +
√3𝑖. Find the complex numbers represented by the other two vertices.
12. Given that 𝑧$ = 1 + 𝑖, 𝑧# = 2 + 6𝑖 and 𝑧& = −1 + 7𝑖, find the three possible value of 𝑧" so that
the point representing 𝑧$ , 𝑧# , 𝑧& and 𝑧" form a parallelogram.
!
13. The fixed points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 in the Argand plane, where 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = # , and 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are in
anticlockwise order. The point 𝐴 represents the complex number 𝑧$ = 2 and the point 𝐵 represents
the complex number 𝑧# = 3 + √5𝑖. 𝐷 is the point on the Argand plane such that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square.
Draw the Argand diagram and:
a. Find the complex number 𝑧& represented by the point 𝐶.
b. Find the complex number 𝑧" represented by 𝐷
c. Find the area of the square.
14. The complex number 𝑎 = 1 + 𝑖 , 𝑏 = 5 + 3𝑖 and 𝑐 = −2 + 5𝑖 are represented by the points 𝐴, 𝐵
and 𝐶 respectively. Find ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 (nearest to min.) and the area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶(2d.p.)
15. ∆𝑂𝐴𝐵 is scalene. ∆𝑂𝐵𝐷, ∆𝑂𝐴𝐸 and ∆𝐴𝐵𝐹 are equilateral. The point 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐷 and 𝐸 represent the
! !
complex numbers 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛿 and 𝜀 respectively. Let 𝑤 = cos & + 𝑖 sin & .
a. Show that 1 − 𝑤 = −𝑤 #
b. Explain why 𝛿 = 𝑤𝛽.
c. State the complex number 𝛼, represented by the point 𝐴, in
terms of 𝜀.
d. Hence, show that the complex number represented by the
point 𝐹 is −𝑤 # (𝛽 − 𝜀).
TTTTT⃗ e = e𝐵𝐸
e. Hence, show that e𝐴𝐷 TTTTT⃗ e = e𝑂𝐹
TTTTT⃗ e.

ANSWERS:
c: 1 + 2𝑖, d:
)*√)
+
+-%)√),
𝑖, 9a: −3 + 4𝑖, b: 1 + 7𝑖, c: 13. a. 𝑧) = 3 − √5 + (1 +
( ( −4 − 3𝑖, d: −7 + 𝑖, e: 8 + 6𝑖, √5)𝑖; b.𝑧2 = 2 − √5 + 𝑖 c. 6
)√)*- -%√)
e: + 𝑖 . (/
f: −2 + ) 𝑖, g: 6 + ) 𝑖,
(√) (
4b: parallelogram -0 -($ 1$
h: −10 − ) 𝑖, i: ) , j: )
10a: 4 + 3𝑖, b: 3 − 4𝑖, c: 2 +
1 7𝑖, d: 7 − 𝑖, e: 2 + 14𝑖, f: 7 +
$%&
2a: −3 + 2𝑖, b: , 17𝑖, g: 5 + 10𝑖, h: −2 + 11𝑖,
√( 1$
)%(√) *(%)√) (*)√) i: 50 j:
c: (
+ (
𝑖, d: (
+ )
14. ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 100°18′ ,
+)%(√), $ &
11: −2, 1 − √3𝑖
(
𝑖, e: − − f: 3 − 2𝑖 5. 12: −2 + 2𝑖, 4, 12𝑖 Area=11
√( √(
3a: −1 + 3𝑖, b: 2 + 4𝑖, 6a: rhombus, b: 9√2, √2, c: 9
7: 𝑐 = −4 + 5𝑖, 𝑑 = 6𝑖
Complex Number Week 5
!
1. Find the range of the modulus of the complex number 𝑧 which satisfying: "𝑧 + " " = 7
2. The vertices of quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 in the complex plane represent the complex numbers 𝑧# , 𝑧$ , 𝑧%
and 𝑧& respectively.
a. Show that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram if 𝑧# − 𝑧$ = 𝑧& − 𝑧%
b. Show that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square if 𝑧# − 𝑧$ = 𝑧& − 𝑧% and 𝑧# − 𝑧% = 𝑖(𝑧& − 𝑧$ )
3. Prove that 3𝑖, 3 − 3𝑖 and −4 + 11𝑖 are collinear.
" '"
4. Prove that 𝑧# , 𝑧$ and 𝑧% are collinear if "! '"" is purely real.
# "
Hence show that −5𝑖, 5 + 30𝑖 and 2 + 9𝑖 are collinear.
5. 𝑂 is origin, and the points 𝑃 and 𝑄 represent the complex number 𝑧# and 𝑧$ respectively.
a. If (𝑧# )$ + (𝑧$ )$ = 0, prove that ∆𝑂𝑃𝑄 is an isosceles right-angled triangle.
b. If ∆𝑂𝑃𝑄 is equilateral. Prove that 𝑧#$ + 𝑧$$ = 𝑧# 𝑧$
c. If 𝑧# , 𝑧$ and 𝑧% are any three complex numbers at the vertices of an equilateral triangle,
prove that 𝑧#$ + 𝑧$$ + 𝑧%$ = 𝑧# 𝑧$ + 𝑧$ 𝑧% + 𝑧% 𝑧#
)
6. Suppose that the complex number 𝑧 has modulus one, and that 0 < 𝐴𝑟𝑔 𝑧 < $ .
Prove that 2 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧 + 1) = 𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧
7. If |𝑧| ≥ 2, show that |(3 − 4𝑖)𝑧 % − 𝑖𝑧| ≥ 38
8. If 𝑝 is real , and −2 < 𝑝 < 2, show that the roots of 𝑥 $ + 𝑝𝑥 + 1 = 0 are complex numbers with
modulus 1.
GGGGG⃗ and GGGGG⃗
9. 𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵 are the roots of 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0. 𝑂𝐶GGGGG⃗ and 𝑂𝐷
GGGGGG⃗ are the roots of 𝑥2 + √3𝑥 + 1 = 0. Plot the
roots on an Argand diagram ( 𝐼𝑚L𝑂𝐴 GGGGG⃗M > 0 and 𝐼𝑚L𝑂𝐶 GGGGG⃗ M > 0 ).
Hence, find ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵, ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 and ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵
10. GGGGG⃗
𝑂𝐴 and GGGGG⃗
𝑂𝐵 are the roots of 𝑥2 + 2𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0, where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are real and 𝑝$ < 𝑞.
If ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 is a right angle, show that 2𝑝$ = 𝑞.
11. The point 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 represent 𝑧# , 𝑧$ and 𝑧# + 𝑧$ in an Argand diagram where 𝑧# and 𝑧$ satisfy the
" '"
relationship "# *"" = 𝑘𝑖 where 𝑘 is a positive real number. What is the shape of 𝑂𝐴𝐶𝐵 if :
# "
i. 𝑘 = 1 ii. 𝑘 ≠ 1 iii. find the area of the quadrilateral 𝑂𝐴𝐶𝐵 in terms of 𝑧# and 𝑧$
12. If the four points representing the complex numbers 𝑧# , 𝑧$ , 𝑧% , 𝑧& are concyclic,
(" '" )(" '" )
evaluate 𝐼𝑚 S("" '"#)("! '"% )T
! # " %

13. In the Argand diagram below 𝑧# = cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃. The vectors GGGGG⃗
𝑂𝐴 and
GGGGG⃗
𝑂𝐵 represent the complex numbers 𝑧# and 𝑧$ . 𝑂𝐴𝐶𝐵 forms a square
GGGGG⃗ being a diagonal.
with 𝑂𝐶
a. Show that 𝑧# + 𝑧$ = (1 + 𝑖)𝑧#
b. Show that (𝑧# + 𝑧$ )(𝑧[[[[[[[[[)
# − 𝑧$ = 2𝑖

14. In the diagram, the points 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍 correspond to the complex

numbers 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 respectively. ∆𝑋𝑌𝑍 is an equilateral triangle. Find
the complex numbers represented by:
a. The vector 𝑋𝑍
b. The point 𝐴 such that 𝑋𝑌𝐴𝑍 is a parallelogram
c. The point 𝐶, the centroid of ∆𝑋𝑌𝑍. (note: The centroid of a
triangle is the point of intersection of the three medians.)
 15. (3 marks) Complex number 0, r, s, t and u correspond to the points O,
-
R, S, T and U respectively. Let ω = cis %
a. Explain why u = ωt
b. Find r in terms of s
c. Use complex number to show that the length of RT is equal to SU.

16. In the diagram, the points 𝑃# , 𝑃$ and 𝑃% represent the complex

" "
number 𝑧# , 𝑧$ and 𝑧% respectively. If "# = "! , show that 𝑂𝑃$ bisect
" #
∠𝑃# 𝑂𝑃% .

17. Points 𝐴, 𝑃 and 𝑄 represent the complex numbers 𝑎, 𝑧# and 𝑧$

respectively where 𝑧# and 𝑧$ are the roots of the equation
𝑧 $ − 𝑎𝑧 + 𝑎$ = 0.
a. Explain why points 𝑂, 𝑃, 𝐴 and 𝑄 form a parallelogram.
b. Prove that ∆𝑂𝑃𝐴 is equilateral, giving reasons.
18. ∆𝐴𝐵𝑂 lies on an Argand diagram. Points 𝐴 and 𝐵 represent the
complex numbers 𝑧# and 𝑧$ respectively. 𝑀, 𝑁 and 𝑃 are the
midpoints of 𝑂𝐵, 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑂𝐴 respectively.
GGGGGG⃗ in terms of 𝑧# and 𝑧$
a. Express 𝑂𝑁
b. Hence simplify 𝑂𝑁 GGGGGG⃗ + GGGGGG⃗
𝐴𝑀 + GGGGG⃗
𝐵𝑃
19. The points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 in the Argand diagram represent the complex
numbers 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 respectively Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 is equilateral.
$) $)
Let 𝜔 = cos j % k + 𝑖 sin j % k
a. Show that 𝜔% = 1 and 1 + 𝑤 + 𝑤 $ = 0
b. Show that α − γ = ω(γ − β)
c. Deduce that α + ωβ + ω$ γ = 0
d. If α, ωβ, ω$ γ are the roots of equation az % + b𝑧 $ + cz + d = 0.
Prove that α% + β% + γ% = 3αβγ.

20. In the Argand diagram w, point 𝑃 represents the complex number 𝑧#

and 𝐴 is the point (1,0). 𝑃𝑂 is produced to 𝐵 so that 𝑂𝐵 = 1 unit. A
line parallel to 𝐴𝐵 passing through the origin 𝑂 meets the circle
through points 𝑃, 𝐴 and 𝐵 at 𝑄 and 𝑅. Let point 𝑅 represent the
complex number 𝑧$ and ∠𝑅𝑂𝐴 = 𝜃.
a. Prove that arg 𝑧# = 2 arg 𝑧$ , giving reasons.
b. Prove point 𝑅 represents one of the square roots of 𝑧# . (You may
assume that a cyclic trapezium is isosceles without proof)

Answer:
&' ' ' ' '
1. 0 < |𝑧| ≤ 1 or |𝑧| ≥ 6 9. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = , ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = , ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = , ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = , ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 =
( ( & ) (
* +,-,. *
11. i. Square, ii. Rhombus iii. & |𝑧* + 𝑧& ||𝑧& − 𝑧* | 12. 0. 14. a. 𝑧 − 𝑥 b. 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 𝑥 c. (
18. a. & (𝑧* + 𝑧& ) b. 0
Complex Number Week 6
1. |z − 2| = 3 $! 20. Re(z) = 2
12. Arg(z − 2 + i) =
"
2. |z − 3 + i| = 2 21. Re(z) > −2
$!
3. |z + 2 − 3i| = 2 13. Arg(z + 2 − 3i) = − 22. Im(z) = 2
"
4. |z + i| = 1 23. Im(z) ≤ 2
!
5. |z + 3| ≤ 3 14. Arg(z + 1 + i) = $ 24. −2 < 𝑅𝑒(z) ≤ 2
6. |z − 2 + 3i| > 1 15. Arg(z + 3 − 2i) = 0 25. −2 ≤ Re(z + 2) < 3
7. 2 ≤ |z + 5i| < 3 ! $!
26. −2 < 𝐼𝑚(z + 3 − 2i) ≤ 3
16. # ≤ Arg(z) ≤
8. 1 ≤ |z + 2 + 3i| ≤ 2 " 27. |z − 4| = |z|
! ! $! 28. |z + 2i| = |z|
9. Arg(z) = 17. # ≤ Arg(z − 2) ≤ "
"
29. |z − 2 + 4i| = |z − 4i|
! ! $!
10. Arg(z) = − # 18. # ≤ Arg(z + i) ≤ 30. |z + 3 − 2i| = |z − 2 + 4i|
"

$! ! $!
11. Arg(z + 2i) = − 19. # ≤ Arg(z + 2 − 3i) ≤ "
"

Answer:
1. (𝑥 − 2)! + 𝑦 ! = 9 4. 𝑥 ! + (𝑦 + 1)! = 1 7. 4 ≤ 𝑥 ! + (𝑦 + 5)! < 9
2. (𝑥 − 3)! + (𝑦 + 1)! = 4 5. (𝑥 + 3)! + 𝑦 ! ≤ 9 8. 1 ≤ (𝑥 + 2)! + (𝑦 + 3)! < 4
3. (𝑥 + 2)! + (𝑦 − 3)! = 4 6. (𝑥 − 2)! + (𝑦 + 3)! > 1

"
9. 𝑦 = √3𝑥 (𝑥 > 0) 10. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 (𝑥 > 0) 11. 𝑦 = √3𝑥 − 2 (𝑥 < 0) 12. 𝑦 = −√3𝑥 + 2√3 − 1
√$
(𝑥 < 2)

13. 𝑦 = √3𝑥 + 2√3 + 3 (𝑥 < −2) 14. 𝑥 = −1 (𝑦 > −1) 15. 𝑦 = 2 (𝑥 > −3)

16. 17. 18. 19.

20. 𝑥 = 2 23. 𝑦 ≤ 2 26. 0 < 𝑦 ≤ 5 29. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0

21. 𝑥 > −2 24. −2 < 𝑥 ≤ 2 27. 𝑥 = 2 30. 10𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 7 = 0
22. 𝑦 = 2 25. −4 ≤ 𝑥 < 1 28. 𝑦 = −1
Complex number Week 7
1. Arg(z − 1) = Arg(z + 1) 17. Arg(z − i) − Arg(z − 1) =
)
#

2. Arg(z − 2i) = Arg(z + 1) )

18. Arg(z − 2i) − Arg(z + 2i) = #
3. Arg(z − 2 + i) = Arg(z + 1)
)
4. Arg(z + 2 − 3i) = Arg(z − 2 + i) 19. Arg(z + 2i) − Arg(z + 2) = '

5. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧 + 2) − 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧 − 2𝑖) = 0 20. Arg(z + 6) − Arg(z + 2) =

)
'
!"#$%
6. Arg 4 5=0 ()
!"# 21. Arg(z + 2i) − Arg(z − 2i) = '
!"&$#%
7. Arg 4!$'$#%5 = 0 ()
22. Arg(z + 2) − Arg(z − 4) = '
!"%
8. Arg 4!$(5 = 0 )
23. Arg(z + 2i) − Arg(z − 4i) = − '
!$#"%
9. Arg 4!"&"#%5 = 0 )
24. Arg(z + 2i) − Arg(z + 2) = − '
)
10. Arg(z − 2) − Arg(z + 2) = * 25. |z − 2| = Re(z) + 1

11. Arg(z − 2) − Arg(z + 2) =

) 26. |z + 3 − 2i| = Im(z) − 2
'

)
27. |𝑧 + 2𝑖| = 2 − 𝑅𝑒(𝑧)
12. Arg(z − 2) − Arg(z + 2) = (
28. Re(zzA − 2 + i) = 7
()
13. Arg(z − 2) − Arg(z + 2) = ' 29. Im(z # − z + 2) = 6
14. Arg(z − 2) − Arg(z + 2) = π 30. zzA − 2(z + zA) = 21
)
15. Arg(z − 2) − Arg(z + 2) = − # 31. Im(zzA + 2z + 3i) ≥ 1

16. Arg(z − 2) − Arg(z + 2) = −

#) 32. z(zA + 1) + zA > 0
(

Answer:
1. 𝑦=0 2. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2 3. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 4. 𝑥+𝑦−1=0
(𝑥 < −1 or 𝑥 > 1) (𝑥 < −1 or 𝑥 > 0) (𝑥 < −1 or 𝑥 > 2) (𝑥 < −2 or 𝑥 > 2)
 !
5. 𝑦 =𝑥+2 6. 𝑥 = −2 7. 𝑦=2 8. 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
"
(𝑥 < −2 or 𝑥 > 0) (𝑦 < 0 or 𝑦 > 1) (𝑥 < −1 or 𝑥 > 4)
(𝑥 < 0 or 𝑥 > 3)

9. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 5 = 0 10. 𝐶40, 2√37 𝑟 = 4 11. 𝐶(0, 2) 𝑟 = 2√2 12. 𝐶 90,

#
: 𝑟=
%

(𝑥 < −1 or 𝑥 > 2) √" √"

13. 𝐶(0, −2) 𝑟 = 2√3 14. 𝑥 = 0 (−2 < 𝑥 < 2) 15. 𝐶(0, 0) 𝑟 = 2 16. 𝐶 90,
#
: 𝑟=
%
√" √"

! !
17. 𝐶 9# , #: 𝑟 =
! 18. 𝐶(0, 0) 𝑟 = 2 19. 𝐶(0, 0) 𝑟 = 2 20. 𝐶(−4, −2) 𝑟 = 2√2
√#

21. 𝐶(−2, 0) 𝑟 = 2√2 22. 𝐶(1, 3) 𝑟 = 3√2 23. 𝐶(−3, 1) 𝑟 = 3√2 24. 𝐶(−2, −2) 𝑟 = 2

25. 𝑦 # = 6𝑥 − 3 26. 𝑥 = −3, (𝑦 ≥ 2) 27. 𝑦 # + 4𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 0 28. 𝑥 # + 𝑦 # = 9

&
29. 𝑦 = #'(! 30. (𝑥 − 2)# + 𝑦 # = 25 31. 𝑦 ≥ −1 32. (𝑥 + 1)# + 𝑦 # > 1
Complex Number Week 8
1. |z ! − z$ ! | ≥ 8 #,"
25. 𝐼𝑚 7 #,- 8 = 0
2. |z − 2i| < Im(z) #,"
26. 𝑅𝑒 7 #,- 8 = 0
3. |𝑧 + 2| ≥ 𝑅𝑒(𝑧)
#," #,"
" " 27. 𝐼𝑚 7 #,- 8 = 𝑅𝑒 7 #,- 8
4. 2# + #̅ 2 = 1
)
%&'( 28. If |𝑧| = 1 and 0 < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < ! , prove that
5. Re 7 %&' 8 = 0
#&" )
%&'( a) 𝐴𝑟𝑔 7#,"8 =
6. Im 7 %&' 8 = 0 !

% !
b) 2𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧 + 1) = 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧)
7. Re 7! + %8 = 0
c) |𝑧 ! + 2𝑧| = |𝑧 + 2|
% !
8. Im 7! + %8 = 0 d) |𝑧 − 1|! + |𝑧 + 1|! = 4
)
For Q9 to Q27 you need to: 29. Given that 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃 and 0 < 𝜃 < ! , find the
a) Find the equation of the locus 𝑧 argument of:
b) Sketch the locus a) 𝑧 + 1 b) 𝑧 − 1
c) Find the range of |𝑧|
c) 𝑧 ! d) 𝑧 ! − 𝑧
d) Find the range of 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧)
)
!
e) √𝑧 f) 𝑧 * − 𝑧
9. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧 + 2) = *
) 30. Find the locus of 𝑧 if 𝑧 ! + 2𝑘𝑧 + 4 = 0
10. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧 − 2) = +
31. If 𝑄 is a real number, find the locus of 𝑧 if:
!)
11. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧 + 1 − 𝑖) = − * ",-.
a) 𝑧 =
"&-.
12. |𝑧 − 4| = 2
"
13. |𝑧 + 2 − 3𝑖| = 4 b) 𝑧 = "&-.
-.
14. |𝑧 − 1 + 2𝑖| = √5 c) 𝑧 = "&-.
15. |𝑧 − 1 + 𝑖| = |𝑧 + 2 − 4𝑖| For Q32 to Q38
16. |𝑧 + 𝑖| = |𝑧 − 3𝑖|
Let 𝑍 = 𝑋 + 𝑌𝑖 and 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖. Find the locus of 𝑍
#&" )
17. 𝐴𝑟𝑔 7#,"8 = − ' #&-
32. Given 𝑍 = #
and |𝑧| = 1
#&!- )
18. 𝐴𝑟𝑔 7#,!-8 = ! 33. Given 𝑍 =
#&!
and |𝑧| = 1
#
#,'
19. 𝐴𝑟𝑔 7#&!-8 = 0 ",#
34. Given 𝑍 = "&# and |𝑧| = 1
#&"&*-
20. 𝐴𝑟𝑔 7#&!&'-8 = 𝜋 35. Given 𝑍 =
#&-
and 𝑧 is a real number
#
#&-
21. #," is Real 36. Given 𝑍 =
#&!
and 𝑧 is pure imaginary
#
#&- ",#
22. #," is Pure Imaginary 37. Given 𝑍 = "&# and 𝑅𝑒[𝑧] = 0
*#,- "
23. #&!
is Real 38. Given 𝑍 = 𝑧 ! + 𝑧 and 𝑅𝑒[𝑧] = − !
*#,-
24. #&!
is Pure Imaginary
Answers:
1. |𝑥𝑦| ≥ 2 "! 3. 𝑦 $ ≥ −4𝑥 − 4 4. |2𝑥| = 𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $
2. 𝑦 > #
+1

5. (𝑥 − 2)$ + (𝑦 − 2)$ = 8 6. 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0 (𝑧 ≠ (4, 0)) 7. 𝑥 = 0 𝑧 ≠ (0, 0) 8. 𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ = 4 or

(𝑧 ≠ (4, 0)) 𝑦 = 0 (𝑧 ≠ (0, 0))

9. 𝑦 = √3(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 > −2) 10. √3𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2 (𝑥 > 2) 11. 𝑦 − 1 = √3(𝑥 + 1) (𝑦 < 1) 12. (𝑥 − 4)$ + 𝑦 $ = 4
%
|𝑧| ≥ √3 , < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 𝜋 |𝑧| > 2 , 0 < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) <
% ()√& % #% 2 ≤ |𝑧| ≤ 6
& ' |𝑧| ≥ < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≤ 𝜋 𝜋
$ # &
− ≤ 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≤
6 6

13. (𝑥 + 2)$ + (𝑦 − 3)$ = 16 14. (𝑥 − 1)$ + (𝑦 + 2)$ = 5 15. 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 9 = 0 16. 𝑦 = 1 , |𝑧| ≥ 1

,
4 − √13 ≤ |𝑧| ≤ 4 + √13 0 ≤ |𝑧| ≤ 2√5 , 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 0.5 − |𝑧| ≥ , 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 0.6 < 0 < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 𝜋
√&#
−𝜋 ≤ 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≤ 𝜋 𝜋 < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 0.5 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 𝜋 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 0.6

17. 𝑥 $ + (𝑦 + 1)$ = 2 18. 𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ = 4 (𝑥 < 0) 19. 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4 , |𝑧| > 2 20. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 (1 <

% &% 𝜋 𝑥 < 2) , √10 < |𝑧| <
1 < |𝑧| ≤ √2 + 1 |𝑧| = 2 , < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 0.5 < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) <
$ $
−𝜋 < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 0 2 2√5 , 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 2 <
Or −𝜋 < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < −𝜋 +
𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 3
𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 0.5

( ( (
21. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 (𝑦 ≠ 0) 22. (𝑥 + $)$ + (𝑦 − $)$ = $ 23. 𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 2 = 0 (𝑥 ≠ 2), 24. (𝑥 − 1)$ + (𝑦 +
( % -% $ ( ( $ &.
|𝑧| ≥ , < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) <
# #
%
0 ≤ |𝑧| ≤ √2 , # < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < |𝑧| ≥ , 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( − 𝜋 <
' '
) = &' , 0 ≤ |𝑧| ≤
√$ √&.
𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≠ 𝜋 +( ( √&.
-%
, 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≠ 𝜋 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ' , , 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 6 − 𝜋 <
# &
𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≠ 0 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 𝑡𝑎𝑛+( 6,
𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≠ 0

( ( (
25. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0 (𝑥 ≠ 0) 26. (𝑥 + $)$ + (𝑦 + $)$ = $ 27. (𝑥 + 1)$ + (𝑦 + 1)$ = 1 29. a. $
/ /
b. $ + $
%
( &% .%
|𝑧| ≥ , < 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 0 ≤ |𝑧| ≤ √2 ,
&%
< √2 − 1 ≤ |𝑧| ≤ √2 + 1 &/ %
√$ # # % c. 2𝜃 d. +$
𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≠
&%
.%
# −𝜋 ≤ 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < − $ /
$
%
$ 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < #
, 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) ≠ 𝜋 e. & f. 2𝜃 + $

30. 𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ = 4 or
𝑦 = 0 except (0, 0)

( ( ( (
31. a. 𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ = 1 except (−1, 0) b. (𝑥 − )$ + 𝑦 $ = except (0, 0) c. (𝑥 + )$ + 𝑦 $ = except (−1, 0)
$ # $ #
32. (𝑋 − 1)$ + 𝑌 $ = 1 33. (𝑋 − 1)$ + 𝑌 $ = 4 34. 𝑋 = 0 35. 𝑋 = 1 except (1, 0) 36. 𝑋 = 1 except (1, 0)
37. 𝑋 $ + 𝑌 $ = 1 except (−1, 0) 38. 𝑌 = 0 (𝑋 ≤ −0.25)
Complex Number Week 9
1. Simplify the following:
!" $ " () $" *
a. !𝑐𝑖𝑠 #
% d. !𝑐𝑖𝑠(− $ )% !𝑐𝑖𝑠(− #
)%

" & " # " $ $" ! &" #

b. !𝑐𝑖𝑠(− % )% !𝑐𝑖𝑠 ! % e. !𝑐𝑖𝑠 & % !𝑐𝑖𝑠 #
% !𝑐𝑖𝑠(− $
)%

" ' $" # &" ! " () $" %

c. !𝑐𝑖𝑠 # % !𝑐𝑖𝑠 % f. !𝑐𝑖𝑠 '
% !𝑐𝑖𝑠 − $ % !𝑐𝑖𝑠 #
%
!

2. Simplify and leave the answers in the form: 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦, where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are real.
" " !
(&,&-)! /√$1-2 /&√$,&-2 /√$1-2
a. (&1&-)#
d. %
((,-)() ((1-)' /(,√$-2
$
/√&1√&-2 ((,-)% *
/-,√$2 (&,&-)% /&1&√$-2
"
b. & # e. " #
/,√&,√&-2 /√$1-2 /,!,!√$-2 /√%1√&-2
% # " " '
/,√$1$-2 /√$,√$-2 /,√$,-2 /√$1-2 /√%,√&-2
c. ' & f. $ &
/√&,√%-2 /,√$,-2 /√$-,(2 (,$,$-)# /&√$,&-2

3. For what values of 𝑛 is:

3 (1- 3
a. -√3 − 𝑖0 purely imaginary? d. ! % purely imaginary?
√$,-
b. (1 + 𝑖)3 purely real? (1√$-
3

3
e. ! (1-
% purely real?
c. -1 + √30 purely imaginary?
f. (1 + 𝑖)3 + (1 − 𝑖)3 = 0
4. If 𝑧 = cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃, find:
a. 𝑧 ,( d. 𝑧 3
b. 𝑧 + 𝑧 ,( e. 𝑧 3 + 𝑧 ,3
c. 𝑧 − 𝑧 ,( f. 𝑧 3 − 𝑧 ,3
5. Solve:
a. 4𝑧 ! + 3𝑧 $ + 𝑧 & + 3𝑧 + 4 = 0
b. 𝑧 ! + 3𝑧 $ + 27𝑧 & + 3𝑧 + 1 = 0
c. 3𝑧 ! + 5𝑧 $ + 8𝑧 & + 5𝑧 + 3 = 0
d. 3𝑧 ! − 2𝑧 $ + 5𝑧 & − 2𝑧 + 3 = 0
e. 2𝑧 ! − 𝑧 $ + 3𝑧 & − 𝑧 + 2 = 0
6. If 𝑧 = cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃 use 4e. and 4f. to show:
a. cos 2𝜃 = 2 cos 𝜃 & − 1 d. cos 3𝜃 = 4 cos $ 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃
b. sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 e. sin 3𝜃 = 3 sin 𝜃 − 4 sin$ 𝜃
& 456 7 $ 456 7,456" 7
c. tan 2𝜃 = (,456' 7 f. tan 3𝜃 =
(,$ 456' 7

7. Find:
a. The cube roots of 𝑖 c. The fifth roots of −1
b. The fourth roots of −𝑖 d. The fourth roots of √3 + 𝑖
 e. The fifth roots of √8 − √24𝑖 h. The fifth roots of 1 − 𝑖
f. The cube roots of 2 + 2𝑖 i. The cube roots of −1 + √3𝑖
g. The cube roots of −√6 + √2𝑖 j. The fourth roots of −√2 − √2𝑖
8. Find and plot on the unit circle:
a. The cube roots of −𝑖 (1-
d. The fourth roots of
√&
b. The fourth roots of −1 ,(,√$-
e. The fifth roots of &
√$,-
c. The cube roots of &

9. Find the exact value:

" " 8 +
(19:; 1- ;<6
+ ($
a. !sin 8 − 𝑖 cos 8 % c. C ("
+
("
+ D
(19:; ,- ;<6
(" ("
+ + ((
(,9:; 1- ;<6 + + (8
b. C ((
+
((
+ D (1;<6 1- 9:;
(,9:; ,- ;<6
(( (( d. C ($
+
($
+ D
(1;<6 ,- 9:;
($ ($

10. Given that 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃 , prove:

" "
a. Show that cos 3𝜃 = 4 cos 𝜃 !cos 𝜃 − cos % % !cos 𝜃 + cos % %

b. Show that 64 cos $ 𝜃 sin! 𝜃 = cos 7𝜃 − cos 5𝜃 − 3 cos 3𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃

( √$
11. Given that 𝑧 = & + &
𝑖

a. Express 𝑧 in modulus argument form.

b. For what vales of 𝑛 is 𝑧 3 = 1
c. For what vales of 𝑛 is 𝑧 3 = 𝑧
d. For what vales of 𝑛 is 𝑧 3 = 𝑧 &

Answers:
,- //- /0- ,- /0- 3,-
1a: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 . , b: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /, , c: 𝑐𝑖𝑠(− ,1 ), d: 𝑐𝑖𝑠(− /. ), e: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 21 , f: 𝑐𝑖𝑠(− /1. )
2a: −23 𝑖, b: 1, c: 24. 3. 𝑖, d: 22 (√3 + 𝑖), e: 23 (−√3 − 𝑖), f: 24/, 343
2536 35/,6
3a. 𝑛 = 3 + 6𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ b: 𝑛 = 4𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ c: 𝑛 = , 𝑘 ∈ ℤ d: 𝑛 = , 𝑘 ∈ ℤ e: 𝑛 = 12𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ f: 𝑛 = 2 + 4𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ
, .
4a: cos 𝜃 − 𝑖 sin 𝜃, b: 2 cos 𝜃, c: 2𝑖 sin 𝜃, d: cos 𝑛𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝑛𝜃 e: 2 cos 𝑛𝜃, f: 2𝑖 sin 𝑛𝜃
/±8√2 40±.8 4258;<5√,2= 4258;<4√,2= 4258;4<5√,2= 4258;4<4√,2= 4/±√28 4/±,√,8
5a: 𝑧 = ,
, 𝑜𝑟 :
, b: 𝑧 = <
, 𝑜𝑟 <
, 𝑜𝑟 <
, 𝑜𝑟 <
, c: 𝑧 = ,
, 𝑜𝑟 2
,
/±√28 4/±√2.8 /±√28 4/±√/.8
d: 𝑧 = ,
, 𝑜𝑟 3
, e: 𝑧 = ,
, 𝑜𝑟 <
- .- 2- 2- 0- //- /.- - 2- 0- >-
7a: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 3 , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 3
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 ,
, b: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 :
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠
:
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 :
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 :
, c: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 . , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 .
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜋, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 .
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 .
,
! - ! /2- ! ,.- ! 20- - //- /0- ,2- ,>-
d: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , e: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 ,
,< ,< ,< ,< 2 /. /. /. /.
- 2- /0- .- /0- ,>-
f: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , g: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 ,
/, < /, /: /: /:
"# 0- "# 2- "# ,2- "# 2/- "# 2>- $ ,- $ :- $ /<-
h: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 ,1 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 <
, √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 ,1
, √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 ,1
, √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 ,1
, i: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 >
, √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 >
, √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 >
,
! .- ! /2- ! ,/- ! ,>-
j: √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 /3 , √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 /3
, √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 /3
, √2𝑐𝑖𝑠 /3
- 0- //- - 2- .- 0- //- ,2- 2.- - >- /0- ,.-
8a: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 , , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 3
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 3
, b: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 < , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 <
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 <
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 <
, c: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /:
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /:
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /:
, d: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /3 , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /3 , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /3
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /3
,
<- ,- /3- ,,- ,:-
e: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 , 𝑐𝑖𝑠 , 𝑐𝑖𝑠
/. 2 /. /. /.
-
9a.1 b. 1 c. −1 d. 𝑖 11a: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 2 b: 𝑛 = 6𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ c: 𝑛 = 6𝑘 + 1, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ d: 𝑛 = 6𝑘 + 2, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ
Complex Number Week 10
1. Given that 𝜔 is a non-real root of 𝑧 ! = 1, show that (𝑛 is positive integer)
a. 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔" = 0
b. 𝜔#$ + 𝜔## = −1
c. (7 + 9𝜔% + 7𝜔&% )' = 64
d. (1 − 𝜔 − 𝜔" )(1 − 𝜔 + 𝜔" )(1 + 𝜔 − 𝜔" ) = 8
e. (1 + 2𝜔 + 3𝜔" )(1 + 2𝜔" + 3𝜔) = 3
f. (1 − 𝜔)(1 − 𝜔" )(1 − 𝜔( )(1 − 𝜔) ) = 9
g. (1 + 𝜔)(1 + 2𝜔)(1 + 3𝜔)(1 + 5𝜔) = 21
*+,-+.- ! *+.-+,- !
h. ,+.-+*- !
+ ,+*-+.-! = −1 ( 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are constants)

- / -!
/ 2(−1)/ , n is mulitple of 3.
i. 7#+-8 + 7#+-! 8 = 9
(−1)/ , otherwise.
2. Given that 𝑧 ) = 1
a. Find the roots and plot them on the unit circle.
b. Factorise 𝑧 ) − 1 = 0 over the real field ℝ (the coefficients of the factors are real)
"0 (0 # "0 (0 #
c. Show that cos )
+ cos )
= − " , cos )
cos )
= −(

d. If 𝜔 is one of the complex roots, form a quadratic eq. with roots 𝜔 + 𝜔( and 𝜔" + 𝜔!
0 "0
e. Hence, evaluate tan ) tan )

3. Prove 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧 / ) = 𝑛𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) by Mathematical induction for 𝑛 ≥ 1

4. Solve 𝑧#$ + 𝑧 1 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 % + 𝑧 ' + 𝑧 ) + 𝑧 ( + 𝑧 ! + 𝑧 " + 𝑧 + 1 = 0
5. Given that 𝑧 % = 1
a. Find the roots of unity, and plot them on the unit circle.
b. If 𝜔 is non-real root of 𝑧 % − 1 = 0, find the cubic equation whose roots are 𝜔 + 𝜔&# ,
𝜔" + 𝜔&" , and 𝜔! + 𝜔&!
0 "0 !0
c. Hence find the value of cos % − cos %
+ cos %
0 "0 !0
d. Hence find the value of sin % sin %
sin %

2p 2p
6. Let p = cos + i sin . The complex number 𝛼 = 𝑝 + 𝑝" + 𝑝( is a root of the quadratic
7 7
equation 𝑥 " + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real.
a. Prove that 1 + p 2 + p3 + ... + p6 = 0
b. The second root of the quadratic equation is 𝛽. Express 𝛽 in terms of positive powers of 𝑝.
c. Find the value of the coefficients 𝑎 and 𝑏.

p 2p 3p 7
d. Deduce that - sin + sin + sin =
7 7 7 2
 7. Given that 𝑧 / = 1 , where 𝑛 is positive integer.
"0 (0 "(/&#)0
a. Show that the roots of 𝑧 / = 1 are 1, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /
, … … 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /
"0 (0 "(/&#)0
b. Show that 1, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /
, 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /
, … … 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /
form a geometric progression.
"0
c. Let 𝛼 = 𝑐𝑖𝑠 /
, given that 1 + (𝛼)5 + (𝛼 " )5 + (𝛼 ! )5 + ⋯ + (𝛼 /&# )5 = 𝑛, find the value

of 𝑝 in terms of 𝑛.
8. Let 𝑧 = 𝑒 67 . Consider the expression 𝑆/ = 1 + 𝑧 + 𝑧 " + ⋯ + 𝑧 / .
8 "($%&)( &#
a. Show that 𝑆/ = 8 "( &#
$%&
$( 9:;< 7=
6
b. Show that 𝑆/ = 𝑒 ! × !
(
9:;< =
!

$ $%&
9:;< 7= 9:;< 7=
c. Deduce that sin 𝜃 + sin 2𝜃 + sin 3𝜃 + ⋯ + sin 𝑛𝜃 = !
(
!
9:;< =
!

9. Given 𝑧 ) = −1
a. If 𝜔 is the complex root of 𝑧 ) = −1 with smallest positive argument, show that the other
complex roots equal −𝜔" , 𝜔! and −𝜔( .
b. Using 𝜔 as in part a., simplify (1 − 𝜔 + 𝜔" − 𝜔! )2 .
c. Factorise 𝑧 ) + 1 into linear and quadratic factors with real coefficients.
0 !0
d. Hence, show 𝑥 #) + 1 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 " − 𝑥 + 1) 7𝑥 ' − 2𝑥 ! cos ) + 18 7𝑥 ' − 2𝑥 ! cos )
+ 18

10. If 1, 𝜔, 𝜔" are the three cube roots of unity.

a. Evaluate 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔"
b. Find the sum of 𝑛 terms of 1 + 𝜔" + 𝜔( + 𝜔' + ⋯ in simplest form.
c. Show that 𝜔 is a repeated solution to the equation 3𝑥 ) + 2𝑥 ( + 𝑥 ! − 6𝑥 " − 5𝑥 − 4 = 0.
d. Hence, solve 3𝑥 ) + 2𝑥 ( + 𝑥 ! − 6𝑥 " − 5𝑥 − 4 = 0.
!0
11. Given that 𝜔 = 𝑐𝑖𝑠 7 % 8 is a root of 𝑧 / = 1 , find the value of 𝑛, where 𝑛 is positive integer.

12. Solve: 𝑧 ' + 2𝑧 ! + 2 = 0, write down the roots in 𝑟𝑒 67 form. (𝑟, 𝜃 ≥ 0)

13. Solve : 𝑧 ) = 𝑧̅ , write down the roots in 𝑟𝑒 67 form. (𝑟, 𝜃 ≥ 0)

Answers:
)*+ )+ -+
2a:𝑐𝑖𝑠 $ ,
%, 𝑘 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 b: (𝑧 − 1) $𝑧 ) − 2 cos ,
𝑧 + 1% $𝑧 ) − 2 cos ,
𝑧 + 1% = 0 , d: 𝑥 ) + 𝑥 − 1 = 0 e. √5
)*+ )*+ . √/
4: 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑖𝑠 $ .. %, 𝑘 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 5a: 𝑐𝑖𝑠 $ / %, 𝑘 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 b: 𝑥 0 + 𝑥 ) − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 c: ) d: 2
6: b: 𝛽 = 𝑝0 + 𝑝, + 𝑝3 c: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2. 7c: 𝑝 = 𝑘𝑛. 8: b. 𝑥 ) + 𝑥 − 1 = 0
) , ) + ) 0+
9b. 𝜔 c. 𝑧 + 1 = (𝑧 + 1) $𝑧 − 2𝑧 cos + 1% $𝑧 − 2𝑧 cos + 1%
, ,
-
10 a. 0 b. if 𝑛 = 3𝑘, 𝑆4 = 0; if 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 1, 𝑆4 = 1; if 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 2, 𝑆4 = −𝜔. d. 𝑥 = 0, 𝜔, 𝜔, 𝜔) , 𝜔)
!
+ ,+ ..+ .0+ .5+ /+ + )+ -+ ,+
11. 𝑛 = 14𝑘 (𝑘 is integer) 12. 𝑟 = 2" , 𝜃 = , , , , , 13. 𝑟 = 1 , 𝜃 = 0, , ,𝜋 , ,
- .) .) .) .) - 0 0 0 0