Section B-2

Pak Studies XII
SECTION - B
Q. No. 2
What were the comments of the Quaid-e-Azam on the Red Cliff award?
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah criticized the Red Cliff Award vehemently, stating that
it was unfair and biased against Muslims. He argued that the demarcation of boundaries
did not justly reflect the demographic realities of the region. The award resulted in
significant displacement of Muslim populations and communal violence. Jinnah believed
that the decision undermined the interests of Muslims, especially in regions like Punjab
and Bengal, and he viewed it as a betrayal of the promises made to the Muslim community
during the partition negotiations.
OR
What was the aim of the Hindu Extremist movement against Muslims?
The aim of the Hindu Extremist movement against Muslims was to establish a Hindu-
dominated India, where the cultural, religious, and political rights of Muslims would be
suppressed. This movement sought to marginalize Muslims, preventing them from gaining
political power or establishing a separate state. The Hindu Extremists viewed Muslims as a
threat to the integrity and unity of India and worked towards ensuring Hindu dominance in
all spheres of life, leading to increased communal tensions and conflicts.
Q. No. 3
What is folk literature?
Folk literature is the collection of traditional stories, songs, proverbs, and cultural
expressions passed down orally from generation to generation within a community. It
encompasses a wide range of genres, including myths, legends, folktales, and ballads,
which reflect the values, beliefs, and experiences of the people. Folk literature serves as a
means of preserving cultural heritage, educating younger generations, and providing
entertainment. It often contains moral lessons, historical accounts, and social
commentary, making it a vital part of a community's cultural identity.
OR
What are the fundamental principles of the foreign policy of Pakistan?
The fundamental principles of Pakistan's foreign policy are based on:

1. Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity: Maintaining and protecting the country's
borders and political independence.
2. Peaceful Coexistence: Promoting peaceful relations with all nations and avoiding
conflicts.
3. Non-Interference: Respecting the internal affairs of other countries and expecting

the same in return.
4. Support for Self-Determination: Advocating for the right of people to determine

their own political status, particularly in regions under occupation or facing
oppression.
5. Strengthening Muslim Solidarity: Fostering strong relationships with Muslim-

majority countries and supporting causes relevant to the Muslim world.
6. International Peace and Security: Contributing to global efforts for peace, stability,
and the prevention of conflicts.
7. Economic Cooperation: Engaging in international trade and economic partnerships

to boost national development.
8. Adherence to International Laws: Complying with international agreements and

participating in global organizations to promote mutual interests and uphold
international norms.
Q. No. 4
Write a note on the Election of 1990 AD.
The 1990 general elections in Pakistan, held on October 24, were a pivotal moment in the
country's political history. These elections marked the end of Benazir Bhutto's first tenure
as Prime Minister and saw the rise of Nawaz Sharif and his Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI)
coalition. The IJI won a significant majority, leading to Nawaz Sharif becoming the Prime
Minister. The elections were controversial, with allegations of rigging and manipulation.
This period was characterized by political instability, economic challenges, and efforts to
address the growing influence of religious and ethnic factions within Pakistan's political
landscape.
OR
What is the purpose of Economic Planning?
The purpose of economic planning is to systematically organize and utilize a country's

resources to achieve specific socio-economic objectives. These objectives typically
include:
1. Sustainable Economic Growth: Ensuring long-term economic development by

efficiently using resources and promoting innovation.
2. Poverty Reduction: Implementing policies that aim to decrease poverty levels and
improve living standards for all citizens.
3. Balanced Regional Development: Addressing disparities between different regions

to promote equitable growth and development.
4. Resource Optimization: Ensuring that natural, human, and financial resources are
used effectively to maximize output and minimize waste.
5. Social Welfare: Enhancing the quality of life by providing essential services such as
education, healthcare, and social security.
6. Economic Stability: Implementing measures to control inflation, stabilize the

currency, and maintain economic equilibrium.
7. Industrialization and Modernization: Promoting the development of industries and

the adoption of modern technologies to increase productivity and competitiveness
in the global market.
8. Environmental Sustainability: Incorporating environmentally friendly practices and

policies to ensure that economic growth does not come at the expense of
ecological health.
Q. No. 5
What do you know about the Judicial System of Pakistan?
The Judicial System of Pakistan is structured to uphold the rule of law and deliver justice
impartially. It consists of several levels of courts:
1. Supreme Court: The highest judicial authority in Pakistan, responsible for

constitutional matters, appellate jurisdiction, and ensuring the enforcement of
fundamental rights.
2. High Courts: Located in each province, these courts handle appellate and original
jurisdiction cases, including civil, criminal, and constitutional matters.
3. District and Session Courts: These courts operate at the district level, dealing with
major civil and criminal cases.
4. Magistrate Courts: Handle minor civil and criminal cases and serve as the first
point of contact for the judicial system.
5. Special Courts and Tribunals: Established to address specific types of cases, such
as anti-terrorism, tax, and family law issues.
The judiciary operates independently of the executive and legislative branches, ensuring
checks and balances within the government. It plays a crucial role in interpreting laws,
protecting citizens' rights, and maintaining social order.
Q. No. 6
What do you know about the Indus Valley Civilization?
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the
world's earliest urban civilizations, flourishing around 2500-1900 BCE in the northwestern
regions of South Asia, including present-day Pakistan and northwest India. Key
characteristics of this civilization include:
1. Advanced Urban Planning: Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro featured grid-like
street layouts, sophisticated drainage systems, and well-planned residential and
public buildings.
2. Architectural Achievements: The civilization is noted for its impressive

architecture, including large public baths, granaries, and dockyards.
3. Trade and Economy: The Indus people engaged in extensive trade with neighboring
regions, utilizing standardized weights and measures and trading goods such as
beads, metals, and pottery.
4. Script and Language: The Indus script, which remains undeciphered, was used for
various inscriptions and seals, indicating a form of written communication.
5. Cultural Practices: The civilization had a rich cultural life, evident in its artifacts,
pottery, sculptures, and religious practices. It is believed that the people
worshipped nature and fertility deities.
6. Agriculture: The economy was largely based on agriculture, with crops such as
wheat, barley, and cotton being cultivated using advanced farming techniques.

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Pak Studies XII

What is folk literature?

What are the fundamental principles of the foreign policy of Pakistan?

The fundamental principles of Pakistan's foreign policy are based on:

3. Non-Interference: Respecting the internal affairs of other countries and expecting

4. Support for Self-Determination: Advocating for the right of people to determine

5. Strengthening Muslim Solidarity: Fostering strong relationships with Muslim-

7. Economic Cooperation: Engaging in international trade and economic partnerships

8. Adherence to International Laws: Complying with international agreements and

Write a note on the Election of 1990 AD.

What is the purpose of Economic Planning?

The purpose of economic planning is to systematically organize and utilize a country's

1. Sustainable Economic Growth: Ensuring long-term economic development by

3. Balanced Regional Development: Addressing disparities between different regions

6. Economic Stability: Implementing measures to control inflation, stabilize the

7. Industrialization and Modernization: Promoting the development of industries and

8. Environmental Sustainability: Incorporating environmentally friendly practices and

What do you know about the Judicial System of Pakistan?

1. Supreme Court: The highest judicial authority in Pakistan, responsible for

What do you know about the Indus Valley Civilization?

2. Architectural Achievements: The civilization is noted for its impressive

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