Lesson 5 • Lesson Objectives • To understand the usage of the following String methods
• concat() • trim() • replace() • valueOf() • lastIndexOf() Concatenation concat() – Joins or concatenates two Strings. string1.concat(string2) string2 is added to the end of string1
System.out.println("to".concat("get".concat("her"))); Displays, "together“ Difference between concat() and + operator When numeric data is concatenated with a String, the + operator automatically converts the number to a String, whereas the concat() method does not convert a number to a String type and the compiler gives an error. trim() This method removes leading and trailing spaces in a String. Example: String s=“ good “; String s1=“day”; System.out.println(s+s1); Output: good day System.out.println(s.trim()+s1); Output: goodday replace() Replaces all occurrences of a character or a String with another character or String respectively and it returns a new String. It is case-sensitive. replace(oldChar, newChar) The other form: replace(oldstring, newstring) String s="mesquite in your cellar“; String s1=s.replace('e', 'o') String s1 now contains "mosquito in your collar" String S2=“teh sun rises in teh east” System.out.println(S2.replace(“teh”, “the”)); Displays, “the sun rises in the east”, but String S2 remains unaffected. More examples for replace() class stringprog { public static void main() { String st="World matters"; System.out.println("before replacing"+st); st=st.replace("t","$$"); System.out.println("after replacing"+st); String st1="I am Studying in GMA. GMA is in Dubai";
st1=st1.replace("GMA", "Gems Modern Academy");
} } Counting the number of words in a String String st1="I am Studying in GMA. GMA is in Dubai";
String st2=st1.replace(" ","");// replacing space with null
int cnt=st1.length() - st2.length() + 1;
System.out.println("No.of words :"+cnt);
String Operations valueOf() – Returns the string representation of the given argument. char ch[]={‘a’, ’b’, ‘c’}; String str1 = String.valueOf(ch) In the above example, the contents of the character array are converted to a String and stored in “str”.
Other forms are:
String str2 = String.valueOf(true); String str3 = String.valueOf(3456); String str4 = String.valueOf(653.67); String str5 = String.valueOf(‘A’); long m = 457786545; String str6 = String.valueOf(m); float f = 10.05f; double d = 10.0; int x=10; boolean z=true; String s1 = String.valueOf(f); String s2 = String.valueOf(d); String s3 = String.valueOf(x); Output: String s4 = String.valueOf(z); System.out.println(s1.length()); 5 System.out.println(s2.length()); 4 System.out.println(s3.length()); 2 System.out.println(s4.length()); 4 lastIndexOf() lastIndexOf(char ch): lastIndexOf(String str): Searches for the first occurrence of the specified character or String starting from the end of the calling String object and returns the position if the character or String is found or -1 if the character or String does not occur.
lastIndexOf(char ch, int position):
lastIndexOf(String str, int position):
Searches for the first occurrence of the specified character or String
starting from the specified position (from the end) of the calling String object and returns the position if the character or String is found or -1 if the character or String does not occur. lastIndexOf examples String st="She sells sea Shells on the sea shore. She also sells bangles"; 0123 System.out.println(st.lastIndexOf("She")); //displays 39 System.out.println(st.lastIndexOf("She", 3)); //displays 0 System.out.println(st.lastIndexOf("She ",20));//displays 0
Sample code with output public class Test { public static void main() { String Str = new String("good day"); System.out.println(Str); System.out.print("first occurrence of o :" ); System.out.println(Str.indexOf( 'o' )); System.out.print("last occurrence of o :" ); System.out.println(Str.lastIndexOf( 'o' )); System.out.print("next occurrence of o starting from index 1:" ); System.out.println(Str.indexOf( 'o',1 )); } }
