Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2024

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Statistics S3 (WST03) Paper 01
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January 2024
Question Paper Log Number P75603A
Publications Code WST03_01_2401_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2024
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide
the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 General Instructions for Marking

The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

‘M’ marks
These are marks given for a correct method or an attempt at a correct method. In Mechanics
they are usually awarded for the application of some mechanical principle to produce an
equation, e.g. resolving in a particular direction; taking moments about a point; applying a
suvat equation; applying the conservation of momentum principle; etc.

The following criteria are usually applied to the equation. To earn the M mark, the equation
(i) should have the correct number of terms
(ii) each term needs to be dimensionally correct

For example, in a moments equation, every term must be a ‘force x distance’ term or ‘mass
x distance’, if we allow them to cancel ‘g’ s.

For a resolution, all terms that need to be resolved (multiplied by sin or cos) must be resolved
to earn the M mark.

‘M’ marks are sometimes dependent (DM) on previous M marks having been earned, e.g.
when two simultaneous equations have been set up by, for example, resolving in two
directions and there is then an M mark for solving the equations to find a particular quantity
– this M mark is often dependent on the two previous M marks having been earned.

‘A’ marks
These are dependent accuracy (or sometimes answer) marks and can only be awarded if the
previous M mark has been earned. e.g. M0 A1 is impossible.

‘B’ marks
These are independent accuracy marks where there is no method (e.g. often given for a
comment or for a graph).

A and B marks may be f.t. – follow through – marks.

General Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark
schemes:
• bod means benefit of doubt
• ft means follow through
o the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao means correct answer only
• cso means correct solution only, i.e. there must be no errors in this part of the
question to obtain this mark
• isw means ignore subsequent working
• awrt means answers which round to
 • SC means special case
• oe means or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep means dependent
• indep means independent
• dp means decimal places
• sf means significant figures
• * means the answer is printed on the question paper
• means the second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for example, as A1 ft to indicate
that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a misread however, the
subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd answers should
never be awarded A marks.

For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially simplify it,
deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question affected.

If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

• If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT crossed out.
• If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the attempts
and score the highest single attempt.

Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

Special notes for marking Statistics exams (for AAs only)

• Any correct method should gain credit. If you cannot see how to apply the mark scheme
but believe the method to be correct then please send to review.
• For method marks, we generally allow or condone a slip or transcription error if these
are seen in an expression. We do not, however, condone or allow these errors in
accuracy marks.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1. H0 : There is no association between treatment and presence of fungus
H1 : There is association between treatment and presence of fungus B1

Expected No treatment Sulphur Copper sulphate

123  30 123  63 123  57 M1
[=24.6] [=51.66] [=46.74]
No Fungus 150 150 150
27  30 27  63 27  57
[=5.4] [=11.34] [=10.26]
Fungus 150 150 150

(O − E ) 2 O2
Observed Expected
E E
20 24.6 0.86016… 16.2601...
55 51.66 0.21594… 58.5559… dM1
48 46.74 0.03396… 49.2939…
10 5.4 3.91851… 18.5185…
8 11.34 0.98373… 5.6437…
9 10.26 0.15473… 7.8947…
Totals: 6.167… 156.167…

(O − E ) 2 O2
2 =  or  E − 150 dM1
E
= awrt 6.17 A1
 = (3 − 1)(2 − 1) = 2 B1
 22 (0.05) = 5.991 B1ft
[Reject H0/significant/in the CR] There is sufficient evidence to suggest there A1ft
is an association between treatment and presence of fungus.
[8]
Notes
1st B1 both hypotheses correct with treatment (oe) and fungus (oe) (treatment and fungus need to
only appear in either H0 or H1). May be written in terms of independence.
row total  column total
1st M1 attempt at (can be implied by at least one correct Ei to 1dp)
total
(O − E ) 2 O2
2nd M1 (dep on 1st M1) at least 2 correct terms for or or correct expressions
E E
with their Ei (allow 2sf accuracy) (May be implied by awrt 6.17 or awrt 156.17)
(O − E ) 2 O2
3rd M1 (dep on 2nd M1) for using  E
or  E
− 150 (May be implied by awrt 6.17)
1st A1 awrt 6.17
2nd B1 DoF/ = 2 (May be implied by 5.991)
3rd B1ft 5.991 (or better) allow ft from their stated degrees of freedom)
2nd A1ft (dep on 3rd M1 and 3rd B1) for a correct ft contextualised conclusion. Must include
“treatment” and “fungus”. Ignore any non-contextual statements. If hypotheses are the wrong way
round then A0.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2. (a) Number all employees [1-800] B1
Use a random number to select the first employee oe B1
Then select every 10th employee from the list of employees B1
(3)
(b) Number all employees by city/for each city B1
Use random numbers to select B1
54 employees from London, 31 employees from Edinburgh and 15 employees B1
from Cardiff
(3)
(c) e.g Stratified sample reflects the population structure B1
(1)
[7]
Notes
(a) 1st B1 idea of numbering all employees
2nd B1 idea of randomly selecting a starting point
3rd B1 selecting every kth employee

(b) 1st B1 idea of numbering employees for each city

2nd B1 use of random numbers (oe)
3rd B1 54 from London, 31 from Edinburgh, 15 from Cardiff cao

(c) Any correct advantage e.g. Allows calculations [of statistics] for each city/group
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
3. (a) H0 :  = 0 H1 :   0 B1
83.634
 r = = 0.9642..... awrt 0.964 M1 A1
2.486  3026.234
CV = 0.7545 B1ft
[Reject H0/Significant] There is evidence of correlation between annual tea
consumption and population. A1
(5)
(b) Country A B C D E F G
T Rank 5 6 4 7 1 2 3
P Rank 7 6 4 3 1 2 5
or M1
Country A B C D E F G
T Rank 3 2 4 1 7 6 5
P Rank 1 2 4 5 7 6 3

d 2
= 4 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 0 + 4[= 24] M1
6(24)
 rs =1 − = 0.571428... awrt 0.571 dM1A1
7(48)
(4)
(c) H0 : s = 0 H1 :  s > 0 B1
CV = 0.7143 M1
[Do not reject H 0 / not significant] There is not enough evidence to suggest a
positive correlation between annual tea consumption and population.
A1ft
(3)
[12]
Notes
(a) 1st B1 both hypotheses correct in terms of  (must be two-tailed). Condone use of p
M1 use of formula for r (May be implied by awrt 0.964)
1st A1 awrt 0.964
2nd B1ft 0.7545 (or better) or ft 1-tailed alternative hypothesis (0.6694)
2nd A1 correct contextual conclusion including tea consumption/t and population/p. Must be
consistent with their r and their CV. (Ignore any non-contextual conclusion)
Allow positive correlation
(b) 1st M1 attempt to rank each country for tea and population (at least 4 correct in each)
2nd M1 for 
d 2 for their ranks (implied by 
d 2 = 24 )
6(' 24 ')
2nd M1 (dep on 1st M1) use of 1 −
7(48)
4
A1 awrt 0.571 (or )
7
(c) B1 both hypotheses correct in terms of  or  s . Condone use of p
M1 0.7143 (or better)
A1ft correct contextual conclusion including positive, tea consumption/t and population/p. (Ignore
any non-contextual conclusion) ft their part (b)
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
4. (a) [0  24] + 1 34 + 2  28 + 3  21 + 4  8 + 5  5 B1*cso
 = 1.75 * (1)
120
(b) 4
e−1.751.75
 s =120  [= 8.15] *
4!
B1*cso
or
(1)
 e−1.751.75
3

 s =120 −  20.85 + 36.49 + 31.93 + 120  + 3.95  [= 8.15] *

 3! 
(c)  r =18.63 B1
(1)
(d) H0 : Poisson distribution is a good fit.
H1 : Poisson distribution is not a good fit B1

(Oi − Ei )2 (8 + 5 − (8.15 + 3.95))2

 E = 1.43 +
8.15 + 3.95
M1 M1
i
= 1.49694… awrt 1.5(0) A1
 = 5 −1 −1 = 3 B1
32 (0.05) = 7.815 B1ft
[Do not reject H0/not significant]
There is insufficient evidence to reject the office manager’s belief A1
or the number of jobs sent to the printer are consistent with a Poisson (7)
distribution.
[10]
Notes
(a) 34 + 56 + 63 + 32 + 25
B1cso correct calculation, minimum working = 1.75*
120
(b)
B1cso fully correct calculation (may be seen in stages) leading to 8.15*
(c) For 18.63 (This may be seen in part (b) if labelled as r)
(d) 1st B1 both hypotheses correct (mention of 1.75 is B0)
1st M1 evidence of combining last 2 cells e.g. 8 + 5 and 8.15 + 3.95
(Oi − Ei ) 2
2 M1 use of 1.43 + 
nd
for remaining cells (Condone cells not combined. May be implied
Ei
by 1.43 + 0.00276…+ 0.279… or awrt 1.71)
1st A1 awrt 1.50 (allow 1.5 from correct working)
2nd B1 Dof/  = 3 implied by a correct critical value of 7.815
3rd B1ft 7.815 (allow ft on the  so may see 9.488 or 11.070 etc)
2nd A1 (dep on 2nd M1) a correct conclusion which states that the office manager’s belief is correct/the
data are consistent with a Poisson distribution which must be consistent with the test statistic and CV.
Condone Po(1.75) is a suitable model. This mark is independent of the hypotheses
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
5. (a) H0 : H − M = 15 H1 : H − M  15 B1

56.3 − 39.8 − 15
z= M1 M1
27.2 18.5
+
38 45
= 1.4130…. awrt 1.41 A1
CV = 1.6449 (or better) or p = awrt 0.0788 B1
Do not reject H0/Not significant M1
There is not sufficient evidence to support the professor’s claim/there is not
sufficient evidence to suggest that undergraduates studying History type more than A1
15 words/minute faster than undergraduates studying Maths. (7)

(b) s 2   2 for both History and Maths B1

Assume sample sizes are large enough so that CLT applies or X is normally B1
distributed for both (2)
[9]
Notes
(a) 1st B1 both hypotheses correct in terms of  H and M Allow equivalent rearrangements.
Allow other letters as long it is clear which is History and which is Maths
Must be attached to H0 and H1
a − b − 15
1st M1 for z = with at least 2 of a, b, c or d correct (allow ±)
c d
+
38 45
56.3 − 39.8 − 15
2nd M1 for z = (allow ±)
27.2 18.5
+
38 45
1st A1 awrt 1.41
2nd B1 for CV = ±1.6449 and compatible sign with their test statistic (allow p = awrt 0.0788)
3rd M1 correct statement consistent with their test statistic and CV (no contradictory
non-contextual comments) May be implied by correct contextual comment.
2nd A1 contextual conclusion that is consistent with their test statistic and
their CV. Must mention professor’s claim or History, Maths and typing (oe).

(b) 1st B1 must mention both. Allow s   for both History and Maths
2nd B1 either correct assumption
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
6. (a)  x = 49.8
  M1
49.8 + 1.96   = 53.88 or
   8
2 1.96   = 53.88 − 45.72 = 8.16
 8  
49.8 − 1.96   = 45.72
 8
   8.16  2.5758    4.08  2.5758 B1 M1
2  2.5758  = = 10.7238... 2.5758  = = 5.3618...
 8 1.96  8 1.96
10.7238 M1
99%CI = 49.8  99%CI =49.8  5.3618
2
= (44.438...,55.1619...) (awrt 44.4, awrt 55.2) A1 (5)
(b) 91.2
ˆ = x = = 11.4
B1
8
1145.16 − 8  "11.42 "
ˆ 2 = s 2 = = 15.06857... awrt 15.1 M1
7
A1 (3)
(c) Combined x = 10.8  24 + 91.2 = 350.4 M1
Combined x 2 = 1145.16 + 23 17.64 + 24 10.82 = 4350.24 M1A1
2
 "350.4" 
"4350.24"− 32   
Combined s =
2  32 
= 16.56 M1 A1
31
s 16.56 M1 A1
= = 0.719374... awrt 0.719 (7)
n 32
[15]

Notes
(a) 1st M1 use of
2z
 or z  with 1.5 < |z| < 2. Allow  m for 
n n n
B1 1.96 (or better) and 2.5758 (or better)
2nd M1 attempt to find width or semi-width of 99% CI with |z| > 2 Allow  = 4.08  8 [= 5.887...]
1.96
3rd M1 Use of 49.8 ± awrt 5.36 or 49.8  2.5758  "5.887..."  If  is incorrect then working must be shown.
 
 8 
A1 correct interval with (awrt 44.4, awrt 55.2)
Correct answer from less accurate z –values scores M1B0M1M1A1
(b) B1 11.4 cao
M1 full attempt at s 2 ft their x
A1 awrt 15.1
(c) M1 for correct combined sum (may be implied by combined mean of 10.95)
2nd M1 for attempt at combined sum of squares 1145.16 + (n – 1) ×17.64 + n ×10.82 (allow 1 error)
1st A1 fully correct expression or awrt 4350
3rd M1 using their values in a complete expression for combined s 2 oe
2
2nd A1 s =16.56 or s = awrt 4.07 (either of these implies M1M1A1M1A1)
s
4th M1 use of with combined values
n
3rd A1 awrt 0.719
 Question
Scheme Marks
Number
7. (a) a = 2 180 − 330 = 30 B1
b = 4.52  2 + 6.7 2 = 85.39 M1 A1
(3)
(b) X = L −1.8S
E( X ) = 330 − 1.8 180 = 6 M1
Var( X ) = 6.72 + 1.82  4.52 = 110.5 M1 A1
 0−6 
P( X  0) = P  Z   M1
 110.5 
A1
P( Z  −0.57) = 0.7157 (5)
(c) S + S2 + S3 2S1 − S2 − S3
T = S1 − 1 =
3 3 M1 A1
E(T) = 0 M1

Var(T) = ( 22  4.52 + 4.52 + 4.52 ) = ( 4.52 ) = 13.5

1 6
M1
9 9
 5−0 
P(T > 5) = P  Z  
M1
 13.5 
P(Z > 1.36) = 1 – 0.9131 = 0.0869 A1
(6)
[14]
Notes
(a) B1 30 cao
M1 2  Var( S ) + Var( L)
A1 85.39 (allow 85.4)

(b) 1st M1 Seeing or using E(X) = 6 or correct expression for mean

2nd M1 Var( L) + 1.82 Var( S ) (condone mixing variances for M1)
1st A1 for 110.5 (allow 65.61 + 6.72)
3rd M1 standardising with their mean and s.d. leading to a probability p > 0.5
2nd A1 awrt 0.716 [calc: 0.7159262…]

(c) S1 + S2 + S3
1st M1 realising the need to write as a single distribution using S =
3
2S1 − S2 − S3
1st A1 for
3
2nd M1 Using mean = 0
3rd M1 using Var(aS) = a2Var(S)
4th M1 standardising with their mean and sd
2nd A1 awrt 0.0868 to awrt 0.0869 [calc: 0.08678…]
Note: Assuming S1 and S are independent, leads to E(T) = 0, Var (T) = 27, P(T > 5) = 0.167…
scores M0A0M1M0M1A0

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