OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1 z z

1.1 ALGEBRA OF MATRICES

ALGEBRA OF MATRICES

u SYNOPSIS u
1. Matrix : A rectangular array (arrangement) of numbers real or complex is called a Matrix. The
horizontal lines of numbers are called rows and the vertical lines of numbers are called columns.
 1 2 3 0
The numbers in a matrix are called elements or Entries. Ex :  
− 5 8 2 7  2 × 4
¥1 b i b m´
If A is a matrix of m-rows and n-columns then it is denoted by A = [aij] m×n ¦
2.
§1 b j b n µ¶
3. Row Matrix : A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix i.e., A = [aij]1 × n is a Row matrix.
4. Column Matrix : A matrix having only one column is called a column matrix i.e., A = [aij]m×1 is a
Column matrix.
5. Rectangular Matrix : The matrix A = [aij]m×n is called a rectangular matrix if m ≠ n
6. Square Matrix : The matrix A = [aij]m× n is called a Square Matrix if m = n
7. Null Matrix : The matrix A = [aij] m × n is called a Null matrix (zero Matrix) if aij = 0  i and j. It is
denoted by Om × n or O
8. Principal diagonal : In a square matrix the line joining the first element of the first row to the last
element of the last row is called Principal Diagonal.
9. Diagonal Matrix : In a square matrix A = [aij]m×n if aij = 0 " i ≠ j then A is called Diagonal Matrix.
3 0 0
 
Ex : A = 0 4 0 3 × 3 or A = Diag [3, 4, 7]
0 0 7
10. If A = diag(d1, d2, d3........ dn) then An = diag ( d1n , d2n , d3n ,.......dnn )
11. Upper Triangular Matrix : A square matrix A = [aij]n×n is said to be an upper triangular matrix
¨ 2 3 2 ·
if aij = 0 whenever i > j, Ex : © 0 4 7 ¸
© ¸
©ª 0 0 6 ¸¹
12. Lower Triangular Matrix : A square matrix A = [aij]n×n is said to be a lower triangular matrix

¨ 5 0 0 ·
if aij = 0 whenever i < j, Ex : © 2 1 0 ¸
© ¸
©ª 3 4 6 ¸¹
13. Triangular Matrix : A square matrix is said to be a triangular matrix, if it is an upper triangular
matrix or a Lower triangular matrix.
14. Scalar Matrix : In a Diagonal matrix all elements in the principal diagonal are equal then the
¨5 0 0·
©
matrix is called a Scalar Matrix Ex : A = ©
0 5 0 ¸¸
©ª0 0 5 ¸¹

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ALGEBRA OF MATRICES z z OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1
15. Identity (Unit) Matrix : In a square matrix A = [aij]n×n if aij = 1 for i=j, aij = 0 for i ≠ j then
A is called a Unit Matrix (or) Identity Matrix. It is denoted by I
¨1 0 0 ·
¨1 0· © ¸
Ex : I2 = © ¸ , I3 = ©0 1 0 ¸
ª0 1 ¹2s 2 ©0 0 1¹¸
ª 3s 3

16. Equality of Matrices : Two matrices A and B are said to be equal if

i) A, B are of same type and
ii) The corresponding elements in A and B are equal.

17. Addition of Matrices : If A = [aij]m× nB = [bij]m× n ⇒ A + B = [aij +bij]m×n

i) A + B = B + A (Commutative)
ii) A + (B + C) = (A+B) + C (Associative)
iii) O + A = A + O = A ('O' is the Additive Identity)
iv) A + (–A) = (–A) + A = 0 (–A is the Additive Inverse of A)
v) K (A + B) = KA + KB
vi) A + B = A + C ⇒ B = C
vii) A + B = C then A = C – B
18. Multiplication of Matrices :
¤ a .b
n

A = [aij]m×n B = [bjk]n×p then their product is [cik]m×p where cik = ij jk .

j 1
i) If the product AB exists then it is not necessary that the product BA will also exist.
ii) Matrix multiplication is not commutative even if AB and BA exist, they need not be equal.
iii) Matrix multiplication is associative i.e., A(BC) = (AB)C
iv) Let A be a square matrix then A2 = A.A, A2 A = A. A2 = A3
v) (Am)n = Amn; Am.An = Am+n
vi) A(B+C) = AB + AC
19. A is a matrix of order m × n then A.In = ImA = A. If A and I are of same order then AI = IA = A
I is called multiplicative Identity
20. Trace of a Matrix : The sum of the principal diagonal elements a11, a22, a33, .......... ann of a square
matrix A = [aij]n×n is called the trace of A. It is denoted by tr A
i) tr (KA) = K tr A ii) tr (A + B) = tr A + tr B
iii) tr (A – B) = tr A – tr B iv) tr AB = tr BA
v) tr ( AB) x tr (A) . tr (B)
vi) Let A, B, C be three matrices of order n,
Then tr (ABC) = tr(BCA) = tr(CAB) = tr (ACB) = tr (BAC) = tr (CBA)
21. Transpose of a Matrix : A = [aij]m×n ⇒ AT = [a1ji]n×m where a1ji = aij.

i) (AT)T = A ii) (A p B)T = AT p BT

iii) (AB)T = BT AT iv) (KA)T = K.AT (k is a scalar)
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OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1 z z ALGEBRA OF MATRICES
22. Symmetric Matrix : A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if AT = A.
¨ 1 2 4 ·
©2 0 3¸
Ex : © ¸
ª© 4 3 5 ¹¸ 3s3
23. Skew Symmetric Matrix : A square matrix A is said to be a skew Symmetric matrix if AT = –A
¨0 2 6·
©
©
2 0 4 ¸¸
Ex :
©ª 6 4 0 ¸¹3s3
Note : Every Principal diagonal element of a skew symmetric matrix is zero
24. Every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as a sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew symmetric
matrix.
A AT A  AT A AT A  AT
If A is a square matrix then A= + where is a symmetric matrix is a
2 2 2 2
skew symmetric matrix.
a) All positive integral powers of symmetric matrix is symmetric.
b) Odd positive integral powers of skew-symmetric matrix is skew-symmetirc.
c) Even positive integral powers of skew-symmetic matrix is symmetric.
25. Idempotent Matrix : A square matrix A is called Idempotent if A2 = A. If AB = A and BA = B then
A2 = A, B2 = B
26. Involutory Matrix : A square matrix A is called an involutory if A2 = I
27. Nilpotent Matrix : A square matrix A is called nilpotent matrix if there exists a +ne Integer n such
that An = 0. The least positive integral value is called the Index of the Nilpotent Matrix A.
28. Orthogonal Matrix : If A.AT = AT. A = I then A is called Orthogonal Matrix
29. Conjugate of a Matrix : The matrix obtained from a matrix A on replacing its elements by the
corresponding conjugate complex numbers is called the conjugate of A
30. The transpose of the conjugate of a matrix A is called transposed conjugate of A and it is denoted by
Aq or A*
31. Hermitian Matrix : A square matrix A is said to be a Hermitian Matrix if Aq = A
32. Skew Hermitian Matrix : A square matrix A is said to be a skew hermitian matrix if Aq = A.
33. Commute : Two matrices A and B are commute if AB = BA
34. Let A, B are two square matrices which are commute then
1) (A+B)2 = A2 + 2AB + B2 2) (A–B)2 = A2 – 2AB + B2
3) (A+B) (A–B) = A2 – B2 4) (A+B)3 = A3 + 3A2B + 3AB2 + B3
5) (A–B)3 = A3–3A2B + 3AB2–B3 6) (A+B) (A2–AB+B2) = A3+B3
7) (A–B) (A2+AB+B2) = A3–B3
35. If AB=0 then either A or B need not be equal to 0.
36. If AB = AC then B need not be equal to C even if A ≠ 0

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U LEVEL - I 4U
EXERCISE - I

¥1 0´ ¥ 0 1´ ¥ cos R sin R ´
µ and C = ¦
§  sin R cos R µ¶
1. If I = ¦ µ , B =¦ then C =
§ 0 1¶ § 1 0 ¶

1) I cos R B sin R 2) I sin R B cos R 3) I cos R  B sin R 4)  I cos R B sin R

¥ 1 2´ ¨ 3 3·
2. If A  2 B  ¦ µ and 2A – 3B = © ¸ then B =
§3 0 ¶ ª 1  1¹
¥ 5 7´ ¥ 5 7 ´ ¥ 5 7 ´ ¥ 5 7´
1) ¦
§ 5 1µ¶ 2) ¦
§ 5 1µ¶ 3) ¦
§ 5 1µ¶ 4) ¦
§ 5 1µ¶

¥0 2´ ¥0 3a ´
3. If A = ¦ µ , kA = ¦ then the values of k, a, b are respectively
§3 4 ¶ § 2b 24 µ¶

1) –6, –12, –18 2) –6, 4, 9 3) –6, –4, –9 4) –6, 12, 18

4. If m [–3 4] + n [4 –3] = [10 –11] then 3m + 7n =
1) 3 2) 5 3) 10 4) 1
5. If A = diag(1, –1, 2), B = diag(2, 3, –1) then 3A + 4B =
1) diag (11, 9, 2) 2) diag (11, 9, –2) 3) diag (11, –9, 2) 4) diag (11, –9, –2)
¥1´
¥ 4 1 0´ ¥ 2 0  1´ ¦ 2µ
µ , B =¦
6. If A = ¦
§1  2 2 ¶ § 3 1 4 µ¶ , C = ¦§ 1µ¶ and (3B – 2A) C + 2X = O then X =
1¨3 · 1¨ 3 · 1 ¨3 · ¨ 3 ·
2 ©ª13 ¸¹
1) 2) 3) 4) ©
2 ©ª13¸¹ 2 ©ª 13¸¹ ¸
ª 13 ¹

¨0 1· ¨0 i · ¨i 0·
7. If A  © ¸ B =© ¸ C= © ¸ then
ª1 0 ¹ ª i 0¹ ª0 i ¹
1) A2  B2  C 2  0 2) A2  B 2  C 2  I 3) A 2  B 2  C 2   I 4) A 2  B 2  C 2  2 I

¨a h g · ¨x·
8. If < x y z > ©©h b f ¸¸ ©© y ¸¸ 
©
ªg f c ¸¹ ©ª z ¸¹

1) [ ax 2 by 2 cz 2 2hxy 2 gxz 2 fyz ] 2) [ ax 2 by 2 cz 2 hxy gxz fyz]

3) [2ax 2 2 2 4) [2ax 2 2 2
2by 2cz hxy gxz fyz ] 2by 2cz 2hxy 2 gxz 2 fyz ]

¨2 0 7 · ¨M 14M 7M ·
©0 1 0 ¸ © 0 1 0 ¸¸
9. The value of M for which the matrix product © ¸ © is an identity matrix
©ª1  2 1 ¸¹ ©ª M  4M  2M ¸¹
1 1 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 3 4 5
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OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1 z z ALGEBRA OF MATRICES

¨1  tan R · ¨1 tan R · ¨ a  b ·
10. If © ¸ © ¸© ¸ then
ª tan R 1 ¹ ª  tan R 1 ¹ ª b a ¹
1) a = 1; b =1 2) a  cos2R; b  sin 2R 3) a  sin 2R; b  cos2R 4) a = sec2 R ; b=0
¨2 1 0 ·¨ x ·
©
11. If < x 4  1> 1 0
©
2 ¸¸ ©© 4 ¸¸  0 then x =
©
ª0 2 4 ¸¹ ©ª 1¸¹

1)  1 6 2) 8 p 5 3)  2 p 10 4) 3 p 6
12. If A and B are matrices such that AB = O then
1) A = O, B x O 2) A x O, B = O 3) A = O, B = O 4) A, B need not be null matrices
¥ cosB sinB´
If A( B ) = ¦§ sinB then A( B ) A( C ) =
cosB µ¶
13.

1) A( B ) – A( C ) 2) A( B ) + A( C ) 3) A( B – C ) 4) A( B + C )

¨ -1 0 ·
14. If A = © ¸ then A3 – A2 =
ª 0 2 ¹

1) 2A 2) 2I 3) A 4) I
¨1 2 2·
©
©
2 1 2 ¸¸
15. If A = then A3 – 4A2 – 6A=
©ª2 2 1 ¸¹
1) 0 2) A 3) –A 4) I
¨ a2 ab ac ·
© ¸
16. If A = © ab b2 bc ¸ and a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 then A2 =
© ¸
ª©
ac bc c 2 ¹¸
1
1) 2A 2) A 3) 3A 4) A
2
¨a b· ¨B C·
2
©
B ¸¹
17. If A  © and A then (AIEEE-2003)
ªb a ¸¹ ªC
1) B  a b2 ; C  2 ab 2) B  a2 b2 ; C  a2  b2 3) B  2 ab; C  a 4) B  a b2 ; C  ab
2 2 2
b2
¥1 0 0´
18. If A  ¦0 2 1µ then (A – I) (A – 2I) (A – 3I) =
¦ µ
§1 0 3¶ 1
1) 1 2) 0 3) A 4) A
2
19. If AB = A, BA = B then A2 + B2 =
1) A+B 2) A–B 3) AB 4) 0
¨1 -1· ¨x 1 · 2 2 2
20. If A = © ¸ ,B = © ¸ and (A + B) = A + B then (x, y) =
ª2 -1¹ ª y -1¹
1) (1, 4) 2) (2, 1) 3) (3, 3) 4) (0, 1)
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ALGEBRA OF MATRICES z z OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1

¨3 0 0·
©
©
0 3 0 ¸¸
21. If A = then A5 =
©
ª0 0 3¸¹

1) 243 2) 81A 3) 243A 4) 81

¥ a b´ ¥ 1 0´
22. If A = ¦ µ , I =¦ µ and A2 – (a+d)A = KI then K =
§ c d¶ § 0 1¶
1) bc – ad 2) bc + ad 3) ad – bc 4)ac–bd
¨1 0 · ¨0 1 ·
23. If I  © ¸, E  © ¸ then (aI + bE)3 =
ª0 1 ¹ ª0 0 ¹

1) a3I + 3a2bE 2) a3I – 3a2bE 3) a3E + 3a2bI 4) a3E – 3a2bI

¨0 1·
© then A2004 =
0 ¸¹
24. If A =
ª1

1) I 2) O 3) A 4) A2
¨1 3 ·
25. If A  © 2
¸ and A –k A–5 I2= 0 then K =
ª3 4 ¹
1) 3 2) 5 3) –5 4) –3
26. If A and B are two square matrices of order n and A and B commute then for any real number k
1) A – kI, B – kI are not commute 2) A – kI, B – kI are commute
3) A – kI = B – kI 4) A – kI, k – BI are commute
27. If A and B are two matrices such that AB and A+B are both defined then A and B are
1) Square matrices of the same order 2) Square matrices of different order
3) Rectangular matrices of same order 4) Rectangular matrices of different order
28. If A and B are square matrices of size nxn such that A2–B2 = (A–B)(A+B) then which of the
following will be always true ? (AIEEE-2006)
1) A = B 2) AB = BA
3) either of A or B is a zero matrix 4) either of A or B is an identity matrix
¥1 2´ ¥a 0´
29. Let A= ¦ µ , B= ¦ , a,b N then (AIEEE-2006)
§ 3 4¶ §0 b µ¶
1) There cannot exist any B such that AB=BA
2) There exist more than one but finite number of B's such that AB = BA
3) There exists exactly one B such that AB=BA
4) There exist infinitely many B's such that AB=BA

¥ cos2 B cos B sin B´ ¥ cos 2 C cos C sin C´

30. If A¦ µ and B¦ µ are two matrices such that the
§ cos B sin B sin 2 B ¶ § cos C sin C sin 2 C ¶

product AB is the null matrix then B C 

Q
1) 0 2) multiple of Q 3) an odd multiple of 4) none
2
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¨ cos 2 B cos B sin B · ¨ cos2 C cos C sin C ·

Q
31. If a - b = 2n +1 ;n z then © ¸ © ¸
2 ªcos B sin B
© sin 2 B ¸¹ ©ªcos C sin C sin 2 C ¸¹

1) 0 2) I 3) 2I 4) –I
¥ 3 4´
If A  ¦
§ 1 1¶µ then A =
32. n

¥ 3n 4 n´ ¥ 2 n 5  n´ ¥ 3n (4)n ´ ¥ 1 2n 4n ´
1) ¦
§ n  n µ¶ 2) ¦
 n µ¶ 4) ¦
1  2 nµ¶
3) ¦ n nµ
§ n §1 ( 1) ¶ § n
¥a 0 0´
33. If n F N and A  ¦0 b 0µ then An =
¦ µ
§0 0 c¶
¥ 0 0 an ´ ¥ an 0 0´
¦ µ ¦ µ
1) ¦ 0 bn 0 µ 2) ¦ 0 bn 0µ 3) 0 4) I
¦ n µ ¦ nµ
§c 0 0 ¶ § 0 0 c ¶

¥x 0 0´
34. If A  ¦0 x 0µ then An  (n F N )
¦ µ
§0 0 x¶
1) xn A 2) xn–1 A 3) x A 4) –xn A

¨ cos R sin R ·
35. If A  © n
¸ then A =
ª  sin R cos R ¹
¨ cos nR sin nR · ¨ cos n R sin n R · ¨ n cos R n sin R ·
1) © ¸ 2) © ¸ 3) © ¸ 4) None of these
ª  sin nR cos nR ¹ ª  n sin R n cos R ¹
n n
©ª(1) sin R cosn R ¸¹

36. If A = ¥ coshR sinhR ´ then An =

¦§ sinhR coshRµ¶
¥ cosh nR sinh nR ´ ¥  cosh nR sinh nR ´ ¥ n cosh R n sinh R ´
1) ¦ 2) ¦ µ
§ sinh nR cosh nRµ¶ § sinh nR cosh nR¶ 3) ¦
§ n sinh R n cosh Rµ¶ 4) Does not exist

¨1 1·
37. If A  © ¸ and n  N then An =
ª1 1¹
n
1) 2 A 2) 2n–1A 3) n A 4) (n+1)A
n
¨ 2  1 · ¨1 0 ·
38. If © ¸  © ¸ (n is positive)then n is
ª3  2 ¹ ª 0 1¹
1) even 2) odd 3) any natural number 4) none of these
¥ 1  1´
If the matrix A = ¦
§ 1 1 µ¶ then A =
39. n+1

¥ 1  1´ ¥ 1  1´ ¥ 1  1´ ¥ 1  1´
1) 2 ¦
§ 1 1 µ¶ 2) 2n ¦
§ 1 1 µ¶ 3) 2n ¦
§ 1 1 µ¶ 4) 2n+1 ¦
§ 1 1 µ¶

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ALGEBRA OF MATRICES z z OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1
¨1 0 · ¨1 0·
If A  © ¸ ; I © then which one of the following holds for all n r 1, by the principle of
1¸¹
40.
ª1 1 ¹ ª0
mathematical induction (AIEEE-2005)
1) A n  n A  ( n  1) I 2) An  2 n 1 A  (n  1) I 3) A n  n A (n  1) I 4) A  2 n 1 A ( n  1) I
n

¨1 1 0·
©
0 1 1¸¸
41. If A= © then An =
©
ª0 0 1¸¹
¨ n(n  1) · ¨ n·
©1 n © 1 3
2 ¸ 2¸ n  1·
¨1 2n 4 n · ©0 1 n ¸ ©
1 1 n¸
¨ 1 2
2) ©0 ¸ © ¸ © 2 1 1 ¸
1) ©
1  2n ¸¹
3) 4)
ª n © 0 1 ¸ ©  1 0 1 ¸ ©
ª 1 1 1 ¸
¹
©ª ¸¹ ©
ª ¸
¹

¨ cos R sin R · 1 n
If A  © ¸ then Lt A
nmd n
42.
ª  sin R cos R ¹
¨ 0 1· ¨ 1 0·
©
0 ¸¹
1) a null matrix 2) an identity matrix 3) 4) © ¸
ª 1 ª 1 0 ¹
¨1 0 0·
©
1 0 1 ¸¸
43. If A= © then for n r 4; An =
©
ª0 1 0 ¸¹
n 2
1) A A A3
2) An+1 + I 3) An  2 n A 2 I 4) A n 3
An 3I

44. If A2 = 2A – I then for n x 2, An =

1) nA – (n–1)I 2) nA–I 3) nA–(n–2)I 4) nA–2I

¨i 0 0·
45. If A  ©©0 i 0 ¸¸ then A4 n 1
 ___ , n N
©ª0 0 i ¸¹

¨1 0 0· ¨ 1 0 0 · ¨i 0 0· ¨ i 0 0 ·
© © ¸ © ¸
1) ©
0 1 0 ¸¸ 2) © 0 1 0 ¸ 3)
©
0 i 0 ¸¸ 4) © 0 i 0 ¸
©
©ª0 0 1 ¸¹ ©ª 0 0 1¸¹ ©ª0 0 i ¹¸ ©ª 0 0 i ¸¹
¥0 0´
46. If A  ¦ then the value of A+A2+A3+...An=
§1 1µ¶

1) A 2) nA 3) (n + 1)A 4) 0
47. The number of 2 × 2 matrices that can be formed by using 1, 2, 3, 4 when repetitions are allowed is
1) 24 2) 12 3) 6 4) 256
48. The number of 2 × 2 matrices that can be formed by using 1, 2, 3, 4 without repetition is
1) 24 2) 12 3) 6 4) 256
49. If a matrix has 13 elements, then the possible dimensions (orders) of the matrix are
1) 1 × 13 or 13 × 1 2) 1 × 26 or 26 × 1 3) 2 × 13 or 13 × 2 4) 13 × 13
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OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1 z z ALGEBRA OF MATRICES

¥ x 1 4´
50. If A  ¦ 1 0 7µ such that AT = –A then x =
¦ µ
§ 4 7 0 ¶

1) –1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 4
¥ cos B sin B 0´
51. If A  ¦  sin B cos B 0µ then A AT = AT A =
¦ µ
§ 0 0 1¶
1) O 2) –I 3) I 4) 2I
¨1 2 2 ·
52.
© ¸
If 3 A  © 2  1 2 ¸ then
©ª 2 2  1¸¹
1) AA  AT A  I
T
2) AAT  AT A   I 3) AAT  AT A  0 4) none ot these

¥ 1 18 ´
¥ 7 10 17´
If 3A + 4BT = ¦ 2 B  3 A  ¦ 4 6µ then B =
T
53.
§ 0 6 31µ¶ and ¦ µ
§ 5 7¶
¥ 1 3´ ¥1 3´ ¥ 1 3´ ¥1 3´
¦1 0µ ¦ 1 ¦ µ
1) ¦ 1 0 µ 2) ¦ µ 3) 0µ 4) ¦ 1 0 µ
¦ µ ¦ µ
§ 2 4¶ §2 4¶ § 2 4¶ § 2 4¶

54. If AT BT = CT then C =
1) AB 2) BA 3) BC 4) ABC
55. If the order of A is 4×3; the order of B is 4×5 and the order of C is 7×3 then the order of
(AT B)T CT is
1) 7 × 5 2) 5 × 7 3) 4 × 7 4) 7 × 4
¨1 6·
56. If P + Q = © P is a symmetric, Q is a skew symmetric then P =
ª7 2 ¸¹

¥ 13 ´ ¥ 13 ´ ¥ 13 ´ ¥ 13 ´
¦ 1 2 µ ¦
1
2µ ¦
0
2µ ¦ 0 2 µ
1) ¦ µ 2) ¦ 13 µ 3) ¦ µ 4) ¦ µ
¦ 13 0 µ ¦ 2µ ¦ 13 0 µ ¦ 13 0 µ
§ 2 ¶ § 2 ¶ § 2 ¶ §2 ¶
¥2 3 5´
¦4 1 2µ
57. If P + Q =¦ µ , P is symmetric, Q is a skew symmetric matrix then Q =
§1 2 1¶

¥ 1 ´ ¥ 1 ´
¦ 0 2
2
µ ¦
0
2
1
µ
¦ 1 µ ¦
1
µ ¥ 0 1 0´ ¥ 0 2 3´
1) ¦ 0µ ¦ 0µ ¦ 1 1µ ¦ 2
0 2) 0 3) 0 4) 0 4µ
¦ 2 µ ¦ 2 µ ¦ µ ¦ µ
¦§ 2 0 0 µ¶ ¦
§ 1 0 0 µ¶ § 0 1 0¶ § 3 4 0¶

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¨2 x  3 x  2 ·
58. If A  © 3 2 1 ¸¸ is a symmetric matrix then x =
©
©ª 4 1 5 ¸¹

1) 0 2) 3 3) 6 4) 8

59. If A and B are symmetric matrices then ABA is

1) diagonal matrix 2) symmetric matrix
3) skew symmetric matrix 4) identity matrix

¨ 0 a +1 b - 2·
©
©
2a -1 0 c - 2 ¸¸
60. If A = is skew symmetric then a + b + c =
©
ª2b + 1 2+c 0 ¸¹
1 1
1) 3 2) –3 3) 4) –
3 3
61. If A = [aij]n× n and aij = A.M. of (i, j) then A is
1) Triangular matrix 2) diagonal matrix
3) a symmertric matrix 4) skew symmetric matrix

62. If A is a square matrix then A+AT will be ....... matrix.

1) symmetric 2) skew symmetric 3) scalar 4) identity

63. If A is a square matrix then A –AT is a ....... matrix

1) symmetric 2) skew symmetric 3) Hermitian 4) Triangular

64. If A and B are two symmetric matrices then AB + BA is

1) symmetric 2) skew symmetric 3) Diagonal 4) Null matrix

65. If A, B are symmetric matrices of the same order then AB – BA is

1) symmetric matrix 2) skew symmetric matrix
3) Diagonal matrix 4) identity matrix

66. If A is a symmetric matrix and n  N then An is

1) symmetrix matrix 2) skew symmetric matrix
3) Diagonal matrix 4) identity matrix

67. If A is a skew symmetric matrix and n is an even +ve integer then An is

1) symmetric matrix 2) skew symmetric matrix
3) identity matix 4) Diagonal matrix

68. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix and n is odd+ve integer then An is

1) symmetric matrix 2) skew symmetric matrix
3) identity matrix 4) Diagonal matrix

12 z z APEX SERIES for Sri Chaitanya CBSE XII Students

OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1 z z ALGEBRA OF MATRICES
69. If A is a symmetric matrix or skew symmetric matrix. Then A2 is
1) Symmetric matrix 2) skew symmetric matrix
3) an orthogional matrix 4) a diagonal martrix

70. If A is square matrix then A AT is..... matrix

1) symmetric 2) skew symmetric 3) scalar 4) Idempotent

71. If a matrix A is both symmetric and skew symmetric then A is

1) I 2) 0 3) A 4) diagonal matrix

72. A= ¨ª aij ·¹3s3 is a square matrix so that aij = i2 – j2 then A is a

1) symmetric 2) orthogonal 3) involutary 4) skew symmetric

73. If A is a 3×4 matrix and B is matrix such that ATB and BAT are Both defined then order of B is
1) 3 × 4 2) 4 × 3 3) 3 × 3 4) 4 × 4

¥ 1 3 5´
74. If A  ¦ 2 1 5 µ then the trace of A is
¦ µ
§1 0 1 ¶
1) 1 2) –1 3) 3 4) 2

75. If A = [aij] is a scalar matrix then the trace of A is

1) ¤ aij 2) ¤ aij 3) ¤¤ aij 4) ¤ aii
i i i j i

76. If the trace of A is 7 then the trace of 7A is

1) 14 2) 28 3) 73 4) 49
77. If tr(A)=2+i then tr((2–i)A) =
1) 5 2) 4 3) 3 4) –4

78. If the trace of AB is 30 then the trace of BA is

1) –30 2) 15 3) 30 4) 0

79. If the traces of A, B are 17 and 8 then the trace of A + B is

17
1) 11 2) 25 3) 4) –9
8
80. If the traces of A, B are 19 and 8 then the trace of A–B is
17
1) 11 2) 25 3) 4) 9
8
81. If tr(A)= 3, tr(B)= 5 then tr(AB) =
1) 15 2) 8 3) 3/5 4)cannot say

82. If A=[aij] is a scalar matrix of order n×nsuch that aij = k for all i, then trace of A =
1) nk 2) n + k 3) n/ k 4) n–k

APEX SERIES for Sri Chaitanya CBSE XII Studentsz z 13

ALGEBRA OF MATRICES z z OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1

¨ 4 x 2·
83. If A  © ¸ is symmetric then trace of A is
ª2 x  3 x 1¹

1) 5 2) –10 3) 10 4) 15

84. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3 then tr(A) =

1) 1 2) 3 3) 0 4) –1

85. If A = [aij ] is a skew symmetric matrix of order 'n' then ¤ aii =

1) 0 2) 1 3) –1 4) n

86. If A  [ aij ]ns n and aij  i(i j ) then trace of A=

n( n 1)(2 n 1) n( n 1)(2 n 1) n( n 1) n 2 (n 1)2

1) 2) 3) 4)
6 3 2 4
87. If A  [ aij ]ns n such that aij  (i j )2 then trace of A is

1 2 2 1
1) n(n 1)(2n 1) 2) n(n  1)(2 n  1) 3) n(n 1)(2n 1) 4) n(n  1)(2 n  1)
3 3 3 3

¨ 1 i 2  3i 4 ·
88. A© ¸ then the conjugate of A is
ª 7 2i  i 3  2i ¹

¨ 1  i 2 3i 4 · ¨1 i 7 2i 3  2i ·
1) ©
i 3 2i ¸¹
2) © ¸
ª7  2i ª i 2  3i 4 ¹
¨2 3i 1  i 4 · ¨1 i 2  3i 4 ·
3) © ¸ 4) © ¸
ª 7  2i 3  2i 1 ¹ ª i 2 3i 4 ¹

¨ 1 2  3i 3 4i ·
© 4  5i ¸¸ then A is
89. If A  ©2 3i 0
©ª3  4i 4 5i 2 ¸¹

1) symmetric 2) skew symmetric 3) hermitian 4) skew hermitian

¥ 2 2 4´
90. If A  ¦ 1 3 4 µ is an idempotent matrix then k =
¦ µ
§ 1 2 k ¶

1) 2 2) – 2 3) 3 4) – 3

¨ 2 2 4 ·
© 4 ¸¸ then A is
91. If A  © 1 3
ª© 1 2 3 ¸¹
1) Idempotent matrix 2) Involutory matrix 3) Nilpotent of index 2 4) Nilpotent of index 3
14 z z APEX SERIES for Sri Chaitanya CBSE XII Students
OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1 z z ALGEBRA OF MATRICES
92. If A, B are two idempotent matrices and AB = BA = 0 then (A + B) is
1) Scalar matrix 2) diagonal matrix
3) nilpotent matrix 4) Idempotent matrix

93. If A is idempotent matrix and A + B = I then B is

1) null matrix 2) identity matrix 3) is equl to B2 4) is equal to B3

94. IfB is an idempotentmatrix and A=I–B then AB=

1) I 2) 0 3) –I 4) B

¥ 2 4´
95. If ¦ is a nilpotent matrix of index'2' then k=
§ 1 k µ¶

1) 2 2) –2 3) 3 4) –3

¨ ab b2 ·
96. If A  © 2
¸ then A is
©a
ª  ab ¹
¸

1) idempotent matrix 2) involutory matrix

3) nilpotent matrix of index 2 4) nilpotent matrix of index 3

¨ 1 1 3·
97. If A  © 5 2 6 ¸¸
©
then A is
©ª 2  1  3 ¸
¹

1) Idempotent matrix 2) Involutory matrix 3) Nilpotent matrix 4) Scalar matrix

98. A square matrix [aij] = 0 for i x j and aij = K (constant) for i = j is called a
1) unit matrix 2) scalar matrix 3) Null matrix 4) Diagonal matrix

EXERCISE - II

¨ M 2  2M 1 M2 ·
© ¸=
1. If
©ª1  M
2
3M 1  M 2 ¸¹ AM 2 BM C where A, B, C are matrices then B + C =

¨ 1  1· ¨1  1· ¨ 1 1· ¨ 1  1·
1) © ¸ 2) © ¸ 3) © 4) © ¸
ª 4 1¹ ª 4 1¹ ª 4 1 ¸¹ ª 4 1 ¹
2. Let aij denote the element of the ith row and jth column is a 3×3 matrix also aij = –aji every
i and j. Then each element of the principal diagonal of the matrix is
1) –1 2) 1 3) 0 4) 2

3. Each diagonal element of a hermitian matrix is

1) a real number 2) complex number
3) can not be determined 4) None
APEX SERIES for Sri Chaitanya CBSE XII Studentsz z 15
ALGEBRA OF MATRICES z z OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1

¨1 2 3· ¨1 0 0 ·

4. A  ©© 4 5 6 ¸ , B  ©©0 3 0 ¸¸ and Trace ( AB)  M Trace (A) Trace (B) then M =

¸

©
ª7 1 0 ¸¹ ©
ª0 4 5 ¸¹

6 20
1) 1 2) 0 3) 4)
5 27
¨1 2 2·
5. If A  ©©2 1 2 ¸¸ and f(x) = x2 – 4x – 5 then f(A) =
©
ª2 2 1¸¹
1) 2I 2) –4I 3) 0 4) 3I

6. If D1 and D2 are two 3 × 3 diagonal matrices then:

1) D1D2 is a diagonal matrix 2) D1+ D2 is a diagonal matrix
3) D12 D22 is a diagonal matrix 4) 1, 2, 3 are correct

7. If A,B are two square matrices such that AB=B; BA = A and n  N then (A+B)n =
1) 2n(A+B) 2) 2n–1(A+B) 3) 2n+1(A+B) 4) 2n/2(A+B)

8. Let A and B be two matrices such that AB = BA then for n  N

1) (AB)n = AnBn 2) ABn = BAn
3) ( An B n )( An  B n )  A2 n  B2 n 4) All the above

1
9. Let A, B, are 2×2 real matrices and A * B = (AB+BA). Then
2
1) A ∗ B = B ∗ A 2) A ∗ A = A2 3) A ∗ I = A 4) all the above

¨B C ·
10. If © H  B ¸ is to be square root of the two rowed unit matrix then B, C and M should satisfy the
ª ¹
relation
1) 1 B2 CH  0 2) 1  B 2  CH  0 3) 1  B 2 CH  0 4) 1 B2  CH  0
¨ A2 Am An ·
© ¸
©Am m2 mn ¸
11. If l, m, n are direction cosines of a line and A = © then A2 =
2 ¸
© An mn n ¸
ª ¹

1) A 2) O 3) I 4) None of these

¨ 0 2C H ·
©B C -H ¸
12. If the matrix © ¸ is orthogonal then
©ªB -C H ¸¹

1 1 1
1) Bp 2) C  p 3) H p 4) all the above
2 6 3
16 z z APEX SERIES for Sri Chaitanya CBSE XII Students
OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS XIIA-1 z z ALGEBRA OF MATRICES
13. The number of nonzero diagonal matrices of order 3, if A2 = A is
1) 6 2) 7 3) 8 4) infintely many
¨ 1 1 3·
14. If A  © 5 2 6 ¸¸
©
then A3 is a
©ª 2  1  3 ¸
¹

1) diagonal matrix 2) square matrix 3) Null matrix 4) Unit matrix

¨1 0· ¨ 0 1· ¨ cos R sin R ·
15. If A  © ¸ , J© ¸ , B© 2 2
¸ and B = aA + bJ then a + b =
ª0 1¹ ª 1 0¹ ª  sin R cos R ¹

1) 4 2) –1 3) 0 4) 1

KEY SHEET (LEVEL - I)

EXERCISE - I

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 5) 1 6) 2 7) 3 8) 1 9) 4 10) 4
11) 3 12) 4 13) 4 14) 1 15) 3 16) 2 17) 1 18) 2 19) 1 20) 1
21) 2 22) 1 23) 1 24) 1 25) 2 26) 2 27) 1 28) 2 29) 4 30) 3
31) 1 32) 4 33) 2 34) 2 35) 1 36) 1 37) 2 38) 1 39) 3 40) 1
41) 2 42) 1 43) 1 44) 4 45) 3 46) 2 47) 4 48) 1 49) 1 50) 2
51) 3 52) 1 53) 3 54) 2 55) 2 56) 2 57) 1 58) 3 59) 2 60) 3
61) 3 62) 1 63) 2 64) 1 65) 2 66) 1 67) 1 68) 2 69) 1 70) 1
71) 2 72) 4 73) 1 74) 1 75) 4 76) 4 77) 1 78) 3 79) 2 80) 1
81) 4 82) 1 83) 3 84) 3 85) 1 86) 2 87) 3 88) 1 89) 3 90) 4
91) 1 92) 4 93) 3 94) 2 95) 2 96) 3 97) 3 98) 2

EXERCISE - II

1) 1 2) 3 3) 1 4) 4 5) 3 6) 4 7) 2 8) 4 9) 4 10) 2
11) 1 12) 4 13) 2 14) 3 15) 4

APEX SERIES for Sri Chaitanya CBSE XII Studentsz z 17