Microbiology and Parasitology Finals reviewer RATIONALE: This is most known medication that

can treat polyomavirus besides Cidofovir

Topic: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
1. Which of the following is the primary mode of QUESTION: The mode of transmission of
transmission for HIV? Polyomavirus?
a) Sharing food or drinks A. Oral-fecal transmission
B. Sexual intercourse
b) Unprotected sexual intercourse C. Ubiquitous
c) Casual contact like shaking hands D. Respiration during infancy
d) Mosquito bites ANSWER: D - respiration during infancy
Answer: b) Unprotected sexual intercourse RATIONALE: It is thought that because these
viruses survive with people, polyomaviruses and the
Rationale: Unprotected sexual intercourse is the human body somehow develop a symbiotic
primary mode of transmission for HIV. This relationship.
includes vaginal, anal, or oral sex without the use of
barriers such as condoms. Other modes of Topic: Varicella Zoster virus
transmission, such as sharing contaminated needles, What are the two common diseases that are
mother-to-child transmission during childbirth or caused by Varicella Zoster virus?
breastfeeding, or exposure to infected blood, can
also occur but are less common than sexual A. Chicken pox and herpes zoster
transmission.
2. What is the most effective way to prevent HIV B. Leprosy and tuberculosis
transmission through sharing needles? C. Erythema and hydrops fetalis
a) Cleaning needles with alcohol before sharing D. conjunctivitis and pneumonia
b) Using a needle only once and safely disposing ANSWER: A
of it
rationale: the name of Varicella Zoster virus came
c) Sharing only with trusted individuals from its two disease manifestations, the Chickenpox
d) Using a bleach solution to clean needles and Herpes zoster.

Answer: b) Using a needle only once and safely Herpes zoster in Greek?
disposing of it a. hepium, "to crawl" and zoster, "belt"
Rationale: The most effective way to prevent HIV b. herpien, "to creep" and zoster, "belt"
transmission through sharing needles is by using a
needle only once and safely disposing of it to avoid c. herpein, "to creep" and zoster, "belt"
contamination. d. herpin, "to creep", and zooster, "belt"
Topic: POLYOMAVIRUS ANSWER: C
QUESTION: A medication that has been shown rationale: the name Herpes zoster came from the
to inhibit BK (polyomavirus) virus in the blood greek words, herpein which means "to creep", and
which prevents injury to the transplanted zoster which means "belt".
kidney.
A. Cetirizine
B. Biogesic
C. Leflunomide
D. Zykast
ANSWER: C - leflunomide
Topic: Adenovirus Rationale: This option accurately describes the
norovirus structure and its components, as well as
All are diseases caused by Adenovirus except; the role of the VP1 protein in protecting viral RNA
A. Conjunctivitis and facilitating entry into host cells. It correctly
B. Pneumonia mentions that norovirus belongs to the Calciviridae
C. Diarrhea family, has a T=3 icosahedral structure, and that
D. Arthritis VP1 is responsible for protecting viral RNA and
facilitating entry into host cells. This option aligns
ANSWER: D. Arthritis is not a disease caused by with established scientific knowledge about
adenovirus norovirus structure and function.
2. Which is not an system infection caused QUESTION #2
Adenovirus; What are the main modes of transmission for
norovirus, and how long do the signs and
a . Cardiovascular infections
symptoms typically last?
b. Genitourinary infections
A. Norovirus can be spread through contaminated
c. Respiratory infections food, water, and surfaces. Signs and symptoms
d. B&C usually last for 3 to 5 days.
ANSWER: A. Cardiovascular infections B. Norovirus can be spread through
TOPIC: NOROVIRUS contaminated food, water, surfaces, and by sick
individuals.
QUESTION #1
Signs and symptoms usually begin within 12 to 48
1. What is the structure of a norovirus and its hours after exposure and last for 1 to 3 days.
components, and how does the VP1 protein play
a role in protecting the viral RNA and C. Norovirus is primarily transmitted through direct
facilitating its entry into host cells? contact with infected individuals. Signs and
symptoms typically last for a few hours.
A. The norovirus has a complex structure with
multiple layers, and the VP1 protein acts as a shield D. Norovirus can be spread through contaminated
to protect the viral RNA from external factors. food, water, surfaces, or by sick individuals. And
symptoms usually begin within a few hours after
B. The norovirus has a simple structure exposure but may persist for several weeks.
consisting of three main components: capsid,
genome (RNA), and viral attachment protein ANSWER: B.
(VPg). The VP1 protein forms an icosahedral
structure and is responsible for protecting the Rationale: This option describes the modes of
viral RNA and facilitating its entry into host transmission for norovirus, emphasizing that it can
cells. be spread through contaminated food, water,
surfaces, as well as by sick individuals. It also
C. The norovirus is an enveloped virus with a lipid correctly states that signs and symptoms typically
membrane surrounding its capsid. The VP1 protein start within a specific time frame (12 to 48 hours)
plays no significant role in protecting the viral RNA after exposure and persist for a certain duration (1
or facilitating its entry into host cells. to 3 days). This aligns with established scientific
knowledge about norovirus transmission and
D. The norovirus has no specific structural symptomatology.
components, and its replication relies solely on host
cell machinery. The VP1 protein does not play any
significant role in virus life cycle.

ANSWER: B
 2. What is the stage of the rabies virus where
symptoms like fever, pain or paresthesia at the
TOPIC: HEPATITIS B VIRUS bite site, headache, fatigue, and anorexia
Who discovered the HBV? manifest and this can last up to 2 to 10 days?

A. Rudolf Leuckart A. Acute Neurologic Period

B. Louis Pasteur B. Incubation
C. Dr. Baruch Blumberg C. Prodrome
D. Ronald Ross D. Coma

ANSWER: C. Dr. Baruch Blumberg Rationale: C. Prodrome is the stage of the rabies
virus that last up to 2 to 10 days and symptoms like
Rationale: Dr. Baruch Blumberg is the correct fever, pain or paresthesia at the bite site, headache,
answer because he was the one to discover the fatigue, and anorexia manifest, can be experience
Hepatitis B Virus 1965. by the patient.
How many genotypic variations does HBV have? Quiz(Mers cov)_pandes_pontillas
A. 6 1.Which of the following virus that can be
B. 8 acquired when having contact with a camel.
C. 5
D. 7 A.Beta cov

ANSWER: B. 8 B.Ners cov

Rationale: There are 8 genotypic variations of C.Alpha cov

HBV. Those are A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. D.Mers cov
What are the 4 subtypes of HBV? Answer: D. Mers cov
A. ADW, ADR, AYW, AYR 2.Which of the following can cure or prevent
B. VDC, JHS, SHS, ELE Mers cov from infecting humans?
C. GLC, CBL, YRA, MLB
D. WAD, RAD, WAY, RAY A.Mers cov vaccine
ANSWER: A. ADW, ADR, AYW, AYR B.Mers vaccine
Rationale: HBsAg helps in antigenic C.MCV vaccine
differentiation of the HBV as HBsAg contains
D. None of the above
group-specific antigen d or y and w or r. Combining
these specific antigens gives rise to 4 subtypes of Answer: D. None of the above
HBV; ADW, ADR, AYW, and AYR.
Topic: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
RHABDOVIRUS (RABIES VIRUS)
QUESTIONS:
What is the most characteristic symptoms of the
rabies virus that is also known as the ‘fear of 1. Which among the following does NOT
water’? describe the structure of HPV?

A. Hydrophobia a). Papillomaviruses are small, enveloped, and

B. Acrophobia icosahedral DNA viruses
C. Pyrophobia b). HPV has a circular, double stranded DNA,
D. Haphephobia protected by capsid proteins
Rationale: A. Hydrophobia - hydrophobia is the c). Papillomaviruses are highly epitheliotropic
characteristic symptoms of the rabies virus that is
also known as the ‘fear of water’. Intense spasm in
the throat is triggered when trying to swallow and it
is due to the virus as it affect the brain.
ANSWER: a Topic: Parvovirus B19
RATIONALE: Papillomaviruses are small, non- 1) Which of the following best describes the
enveloped, and icosahedral DNA viruses. It is non- structure of Parvovirus B19?
enveloped because it protects the entire virus. It
generally consists of the genetic material (DNA) A) Enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus
covered by a capsid protein. B) Non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus
2. Which among the following signs of HPV are C) Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus
most commonly visible?
D) Non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus
a). Cervical Cancer
Answer: B) non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA
b). Genital Warts virus
c). Oropharyngeal Cancer Rationale: Parvovirus B19 is a non-enveloped
ANSWER: b virus with a single-stranded DNA genome.

RATIONALE: Genital warts are the most common 2) How is Parvovirus B19 primarily transmitted?
visible sign of HPV because, as was supported to A) Fecal-oral route
term Genital, it is where the part it evolves the
circulation of sexually transmitted infections, the B) Through contaminated food and water
way a person does the sexual intercourse to their C) Respiratory secretions and blood
partner.
D) Sexual contact
Topic: (Reoviruses) Basiño_Morano
Answer: C) Respiratory secretions and blood
1.) Which of the following is sign and symptoms
of Reoviruses; Rationale: Parvovirus B19 is primarily transmitted
through respiratory secretions and blood, although
a. Fever Vertical transmission from mother to fetus can also
b. Cough occur.

c. Runny nose Topic: Ebola virus

1. Which of the following shows how the Ebola
d. All the above virus is acquired/transmitted?
Answer; D all the above a. By direct contact with an infected person's
2.) Historical Background of the reovirus. The body fluids
name "reovirus" was proposed by; b. By shaking hands with an infected person
a.Sabina in 1959 c. By staying in a room where an infected person
b.Sabin in 1959 sneezed/coughed

c.Sabrina in 1959 d. By hugging the infected person

d.Sabbin 1959 Correct Answer: A.

Answer; B sabin in 1959 Rationale: Although the subsequent choices

present possible ways to acquire the virus, the Ebola
virus primarily lingers in the body fluids excreted
by an infected person or a person who has died from
Ebola. It cannot be transmitted through the air or via
tiny droplets released from coughing or sneezing
unless those droplets directly touch an opening,
such as the eye or mouth, or a break in the skin.
2. This mode of transmission involves a virus CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS
overcoming several barriers to became feasible
in another species such as a fruit bat or Quesons:
nonhuman primate. 1. What is the origin of the name
a. Hemorrhagic fever virus "chikungunya"?

b. Spillover event a) It is a Lan term describing a viral outbreak.

c. Incubation period b) It comes from the Kimakonde language of

Tanzania, meaning "bends up."
d. Contaminated objects
c) It is derived from the Swahili word for fever.
Correct answer: B.
d) The name originates from the Hindi term for
Rationale: Many factors influence spillover event severe joint pain
that are being modulated by human activity
including the interactions with animal species Answer: B
causing or acts as a reservoir for the virus to infect Rationale: The Chikungunya virus was first
target population. identified during an outbreak in Tanzania in 1952.
The term "chikungunya" originates from the
Dengue Virus (bongiad & dolor) Kimakonde language spoken in Tanzania, where it
means "bends up" or “become contorted”, which
1. The earliest known documentation of dengue describes the stooped appearance of patients
fever–like illness and was associated with flying experiencing joint pain. Therefore, upon B is the
insects near water. correct choice.
a. The water poison 2. According to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevenon (CDC), there is no current medicaon for
b. Breakbone fever the Chikungunya virus.
c. Dandy fever a) True
d. Dengue b) False
e. All of the above Answer: A
Rationale: The Water Poison is the earliest known Rationale: According to WHO, paracetamol or
documentation of dengue fever–like illness was in acetaminophen are recommended for pain relief and
the Chinese Encyclopedia of Symptoms during the reducing fever for paents experiencing
Chin Dynasty (CE 265-420). It was associated with chikungunya. However, there is no specific anviral
flying insects near water. drug treatment for CHIKV infecons. Clinical
2. The core of the virus and the structure that is management includes addressing fever and joint
made of the viral genome along with C proteins. pain with anpyrecs and opmal analgesics, drinking
plenty of fluids, and general rest. Therefore, opon A
a. Nucleoplasm is the correct choice.
b. Nucleus
c. Nucleocapsid
d. Nucleolus
e. None of the above
Rationale: The core of the virus is the
nucleocapsid, a structure that is made of the viral
genome along with C proteins.
Topic: Human Rhinovirus
1.What is the structure of rhinovirus? Topic: Herpesvirus
A.) small, single-stranded, Unenevloped RNA 1. What is the primary mode of transmission for
virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family herpes viruses?
b) small, Single-stranded, Unenevloped DNA a) Airborne droplets
belonging to the Picornaviridae family
b) Sexual contact
c) small, Single-stranded, Enveloped RNA
belonging to the Picornaviridae family c) Ingestion of contaminated food

d) small, Double-stranded, Enveloped DNA d) Mosquito bites

belonging to the Picornaviridae family 2. Which of the following is NOT a common
symptom of herpes virus infection?

•The correct answer is A) small, single-stranded, a) Fever blisters

non-enveloped RNA virus belonging to the b) Rash
Picornaviridae family.
c) Joint pain
Rationale: Rhinovirus belongs to the family
Picornaviridae, which comprises small, non- d) Enlarged lymph nodes
enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA
Topic: Poxvirus
genome. Rhinoviruses do not have an outer lipid
1. Which poxvirus no longer exists in nature?
envelope derived from the host cell membrane,
making them non-enveloped viruses. The single- a. Orf virus
stranded RNA serves as the viral genome, carrying
all the necessary genetic information for viral B. Smallpox virus
replication and protein synthesis. C. Cowpox virus
d. Monkeypox virus
2.Which body system is primarily affected by Rationale: In 1980, the World Health Assembly
Human Rhinovirus infection? declared smallpox eradicated (eliminated), and no
a) Respiratory system cases of naturally occurring smallpox have
happened since.
b) Gastrointestinal system
2. Which virus is not part of the genus
c) Cardiovascular system Orthopoxvirus?
d) Nervous system A. Monkeypox virus
Rationale: Human Rhinovirus primarily affects the B. Orf Virus
respiratory system. It can cause infections in the
upper respiratory tract, including the nasal passages, C. Smallpox virus
throat, and sinuses. Rhinoviruses are responsible for D. Cowpox virus
the common cold, which is characterized by
symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, Rationale: Orf virus is part of the genus
sore throat, and cough. Although rhinovirus can Parapoxvirus
sometimes cause lower respiratory tract infections
in individuals with pre-existing lung conditions, its
primary impact is on the upper respiratory system.
Topic: Hepatitis C Virus
How is HCV primarily transmitted?
A. Airborne 2. "How many doses of MMR vaccine are
B. Fecal-oral route injected to be considered fully protected?
C. Food or water transmission
D. Bloodborne A. 1 dose

ANSWER: d) Bloodborne B. 2 doses

RATIONALE: The hepatitis C virus is a C. 2 doses with booster

bloodborne virus and most infections occur through D. 3 doses
exposure to blood from unsafe injection practices,
unsafe health care, unscreened blood transfusions, Answer: B
injection drug use and sexual practices that lead to Rationale: The MMR vaccine requires two doses
exposure to blood. for full protection against measles, mumps, and
2. What was HCV called before being renamed rubella.
in 1989?

A. Non-A non-B hepatitis

B. Hepatitis D
C. Non-D non-E hepatitis
D. Hepatitis F
ANSWER: a) Non-A non-B hepatitis
RATIONALE: Historically, HCV was a major
cause of posttransfusion hepatitis and was initially
named non-A non- B hepatitis until its
characterization and cloning in 1989, when it was
renamed HCV
TOPIC: MUMPS
1. Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a
virus that affects:
A. Salivary gland
B. Parotid gland
C. Tongue
D. Thyroid
Answer: B
Rationale: Mumps is primarily characterized by
swelling and inflammation of the parotid glands.