Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    Lab Report 2 - Intro, Procedure & References

    Uploaded by

    Najma Aqilah

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab Report 2 - Intro, Procedure & References

    Uploaded by

    Najma Aqilah
    12 views3 pages

    Original Title

    LAB REPORT 2 - INTRO, PROCEDURE & REFERENCES

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Lab Report 2 - Intro, Procedure & References

    Uploaded by

    Najma Aqilah

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    EXPERIMENT 2

    SAPONIFICATION REACTION OF FAT: SOAP PRODUCTION

    INTRODUCTION

    The procedure of making soap involves the basic hydrolysis (saponification)


    of a fat. Chemically, fats are referred to as triglycerides. Saponification
    involves heating fat with an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution
    hydrolyzes the fat to alcohol and the salt of a long chain carboxylic acid.
    When common salt is added, the soap precipitates. The soap is washed free of
    unreacted alkaline solution and molded into bars. This experiment contains
    two parts which are Part A and Part B. In Part A, you will synthesize soap,
    while in Pert B, you will take FTIR spectrum of soap and fats to identify
    specific peaks that signal the bonds presents.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    Chemicals
    NaOH
    95% ethanol
    Fat
    50% water/ethanolmixture NaCI solution
    4% calcium chloride solution
    Trisodium phosphate

    Apparatus:
    Conical flasks
    Beaker
    Filter funnel
    Hirsh/Bunchner funnel
    Watch glass
    Measuring cylinder

    Methods:
    Part A

    Preparation of soap

    1. A NaOH solution (about 0.25 g sodium hydroxide dissolved in a mixture of


    1.0 ml of distilled water and 1.0 ml of 95% ethanol) was prepared.
    2. About 0.25g of fat and the prepared sodium hydroxide solution was added
    into a 50 ml conical flask.
    3. The mixture was heated in a bath of 100 ℃ .
    4. The flask was covered with some aluminium foil to help reduce evaporation.
    The Erlenmeyer flask was swirled every few minutes using a tong.
    5. The soap precipitated from the boiling mixture within 20 minutes.
    6. If you observed that some alcohol and water were evaporating from the flask,
    you could have added up to 0.4 ml of a 50% water/alcohol mixture to replace
    the solvent.
    7. The mixture was heated for a maximum time of 25 minutes.
    8. A 4 ml of NaCI solution were placed in a 15 ml beaker and the saponified
    mixture were transferred from the flask to the beaker.
    9. The mixture was stirred while cooling the beaker in an ice-water bath.
    10. The prepared soap was collected on a Hirsch funnel of ice cold distilled water
    to remove excess NaOH.
    11. Continued to draw air through the filter for a few minutes to partially dry the
    product.
    Part B

    FTIR Analysis

    1. The fat and soap prepared were analysed by using FTIR.


    2. The wavelength of the peaks presents were identified and the difference
    between the fat and the soap produced were compared.

    REFERENCES [5 MARKS]
    (Hints: write down any sources such as your textbook, the internet, electronic encyclopedia,
    books, etc. that you used)

    1. Soap Production & FTIR Analysis | PDF | Soap | Infrared Spectroscopy.


    (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2024, from Scribd website:
    https://www.scribd.com/document/463812457/1573671189470-
    saponification-english

    You might also like