THE PRIDE OF THE MAIN CHARACTER SHUYA

WATANABE IN KANAE MINATO’S CONFESSIONS

THESIS

By:

Miftah Khurrohmah
NIM 16320077

DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG

2020
 THE PRIDE OF THE MAIN CHARACTER SHUYA

WATANABE IN KANAE MINATO’S CONFESSIONS

THESIS
Presented to
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.)

By:
Miftah Khurrohmah
NIM 16320077

Advisor:
Dr. Muzakki Afifuddin, M.Pd.
NIP 19761011 201101 1005

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
2020

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 MOTTO

“Life is make story and become history”

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 DEDICATION

This thesis is proudly dedicated to:

Allah SWT who has given me pleasures, mercy, and blessings;

My beloved Mommy and Daddy

My best friends (Ulfa, Nadia, Emy, and Hafsoh family)

My aunts, cousins, nephews, nieces

All of my lecturers in this university

My friends

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillaahirrohmaanirrohiim

Alhamdulillahi rabil „alamin, the researcher expresses her highest gratitude

to Allah subhanahu wa ta‟ala for blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to
complete this thesis. This thesis entitled “The Pride of The Main Character
Shuya Watanabe in Kanae Minato’s Confession”.
My gratitude goes to the Rector of UIN Malang, Prof. Dr. Abdul Haris,
M.Ag., the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities, Dr. Hj. Syafiyah, M.A., and the
Head of the Department of English Literature, Mrs. Rina Sari, M.Pd. In particular,
I wish to express my gratitude to my advisor, Mr. Muzakki Afifuddin, M.Pd., who
has patiently helped, taught, managed, and advised in writing the thesis well.
Furthermore, I would like to send grateful thanks and deep appreciation to
the all lecturers of the department of English Literature, my beloved family for
their unconditional love and endless support, my best friends who always support;
Ulfa, Nadia, Nani, Hafsoh family and all my friends.
My Allah SWT gives the best for them for all their guidance, support and
prayer. Hopefully, this study could be beneficial to the writer herself and for the
readers in general. Then the researcher hopes that this thesis will be useful for the
readers as the reference for the next research to conduct a study related to
Psychological Pride especially hubristic pride.

Malang, December 25, 2020

Miftah Khurrohmah

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

THESIS COVER .............................................................................................................. i

STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ................................................................................. ii
APPROVAL SHEET ....................................................................................................... iii
LEGITIMATION SHEET .............................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... x
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... xi
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1
A. Background of The Study ....................................................................................... 1
B. Problem of The Study ............................................................................................. 6
C. Objective of The Study ........................................................................................... 6
D. Significance of The Study ....................................................................................... 6
E. Scope and Limitation .............................................................................................. 7
F. Definition of Key Terms ......................................................................................... 7
G. Previous Study ........................................................................................................ 8
H. Research Method .................................................................................................. 11
1. Research Design................................................................................................ 11
2. Data Source ....................................................................................................... 11
3. Data Collection ................................................................................................. 12
4. Data Analysis .................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................................... 14
A. Literature ............................................................................................................... 14
B. Intrinsic Elements ................................................................................................. 14
1. Character and Characterization ......................................................................... 15
2. Theme ............................................................................................................... 17
3. Setting ............................................................................................................... 17
4. Point of View .................................................................................................... 18
C. Self-Conscious Emotions ...................................................................................... 19
1. Pride .................................................................................................................. 21
2. Hubristic Pride .................................................................................................. 24
3. The Characteristic of Hubristic Pride................................................................ 25
CHAPTER III FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................................................ 28
A. Character ............................................................................................................... 28
1. Shuya Watanabe‟s Peronality from Yuko Moriguchi‟s Point of View ............ 28
2. Shuya Watanabe‟s Personality from Mizuki Kitahara‟s Point of View........... 34
3. Shuya Watanabe‟s Personality from Naoki Shimomura‟s Point of View ....... 36
4. Shuya Watanabe‟s Personality from His Point of View ................................... 42
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION................................................. 61
A. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 61
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................................. 62

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REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 64

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 ABSTRACT
Khurrohmah, Miftah. 2020. The Pride of The Main Character Shuya
Watanabe in Kanae Minato’s Confessions. Minor Thesis (Skripsi)
Department of English Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas
Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Advisor : Dr. Muzakki Afifuddin, M.Pd
Keywords : Pride, Praise, Narcissistic, Anti-social

This study aims to describe the form of pride behavior in the main
character Shuya Watanabe in Kanae Minato's Confessions novel. The theory used
in this research is the psychological theory of pride in which this research only
focuses on the hubristic pride behavior described in the main character Shuya
Watanabe. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis to describe the
form of hubristic pride behavior depicted in the main character Shuya Watanabe
in Kanae Minato's Confessions novel. The data obtained in this study were 54 data
through dialogue and behavior described in the novel Confessions which shows
Shuya's hubristic Pride behavior.
The result of this research is to know the form of pride behavior and
mindset shown by the main character Shuya Watanabe in Kanae Minato's
Confessions novel. The hubristic pride behavior shown by Shuya Watanabe,
namely (1) anti-social and narcissistic attitude, (2) when talking to other people
Shuya tends to talk about himself and his achievements, (3) Shuya's character is
easy to insult and humiliate others who make His interpersonal relationships are
bad enough and this is an anti-social attitude and a side of narcissistic pride, (4)
Shuya could not admit that he did anything wrong, and he still believed that what
he did was right, (5) Shuya is going to do something to get praise Shuya wants so
much praise, (6) Shuya has always been focused on success at one‟s standards,
rules and goals where the focus is on the global self, (7) The trait of pride is also
tending to be narcissistic, as seen by the trait of Shuya, who was so proud of
himself in front of Mrs. Moriguchi.

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 ABSTRACT
Khurrohmah, Miftah. 2020. The Pride of The Main Character Shuya
Watanabe in Kanae Minato’s Confessions. Minor Thesis (Skripsi)
Department of English Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas
Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Advisor : Dr. Muzakki Afifuddin, M.Pd
Keywords : Kesombongan, Pujian, Narsistik, Anti social

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk perilaku sombong

pada tokoh utama Shuya Watanabe dalam novel Confessions milik Kanae Minato.
Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori psikologi kesombongan
yang mana penelitian ini hanya terfokus kepada sikap kesombongan yang
digambarkan dalam tokoh utama Shuya Watanabe. Metode yang digunakan dalam
penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis guna mendeskripsikan bentuk perilaku
kesombongan yang digambarkan dalam tokoh utama Shuya Watanabe dalam
novel Confessions karya Kanae Minato. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini
sebanyak 54 data melalui dialog dan perilaku yang digambarkan dalam novel
Confessions yang menunjukkan sikap kesombongan Shuya.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah diketahui bentuk perilaku dan pola pikir
sombong yang ditunjukkan oleh tokoh utama Shuya Watanabe dalam novel
Confessions karya Kanae Minato. Perilaku kesombongan yang ditunjukkan oleh
Shuya Watanabe yaitu (1) sikap anti-social dan narsistik, (2) ketika berbicara
dengan orang lain Shuya lebih cenderung berbicara tentang dirinya sendiri dan
pencapaiannya, (3) Sifat Shuya yang mudah menghina dan mempermalukan orang
lain yang membuat hubungan interpersonalnya cukup buruk dan ini merupakan
sikap anti sosial dan sisi kebanggaan narsistik, (4) Shuya tidak bisa mengakui
bahwa dia melakukan sesuatu yang salah, dan dia masih percaya bahwa apa yang
dia lakukan itu benar, (5) Shuya akan melakukan sesuatu untuk mendapatkan
pujian. Shuya menginginkan begitu banyak pujian, (6) Shuya selalu berfokus pada
kesuksesan pada standar, aturan, dan tujuan seseorang yang berfokus pada diri
global, (7) Sifat sombong juga cenderung narsis, terlihat dari sifat Shuya yang
begitu bangga pada dirinya di depan Bu Moriguchi.

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 ‫المستخلص البحث‬
‫خزادَٔ ٍفزبح‪ . 0202 .‬فخز اىشخظٍخ اىزئٍسٍخ شٌ٘ب ٗاربّبثً فً اعززافبد‬
‫مبّبي ٍٍْبر٘‪ .‬أطزٗدخ فزعً (ٍع أطزٗدخ) قسٌ األدة اإلّجيٍشي ‪ ،‬ميٍخ اىعيً٘‬
‫اإلّسبٍّخ ‪ٍ٘ ،‬الّب ٍبىل إثزإٌٍ اىذٗىخ اإلسالٍٍخ اىجبٍعخ ٍبالّج املشرف‬
‫‪ :‬مزكي عفيف الدين املاجستري‬
‫الكلمات املفتاحية‪ :‬غرور ‪ ،‬مدح ‪ ،‬نرجسي ‪ ،‬معادي للمجتمع‬

‫رٖذف ٕذٓ اىذراسخ إىى ٗطف شنو اىسي٘ك اىَزغطزص فً اىشخظٍخ اىزئٍسٍخ شٌ٘ب ٗاربّبثً فً رٗاٌخ مبّبي ٍٍْبر٘‬

‫اعززافبد‪ .‬اىْظزٌخ اىَسزخذٍخ فً ٕذٓ اىذراسخ ًٕ اىْظزٌخ اىْفسٍخ ىيغطزسخ دٍش ٌزمش ٕذا اىجذش فقظ عيى ٍ٘قف‬

‫اىطزٌقخ اىَسزخذٍخ فً ٕذا اىجذش ًٕ اىزذيٍو ‪ Shuya Watanabe.‬اىغطزسخ اىَظ٘ر فً اىشخظٍخ اىزئٍسٍخ‬

‫اى٘طفً ٍِ أجو ٗطف شنو اىغطزسخ اىذي رٌ رظٌ٘زٓ فً اىشخظٍخ اىزئٍسٍخ شٌ٘ب ٗاربّبثً فً رٗاٌخ مبّب ٍٍْبر٘‬

‫اعززافبد‪ .‬اىجٍبّبد اىزً رٌ اىذظ٘ه عيٍٖب فً ٕذٓ اىذراسخ ًٕ ‪ 45‬ثٍبّبد ٍِ خاله اىذ٘ار ٗاىسي٘ك اىَ٘ط٘ف فً‬

‫مبّذ ّزٍجخ ٕذا اىجذش ٍعزفخ شنو اىسي٘ك ٗاىعقيٍخ اىَزغطزسخ اىزً أظٖزرٖب اىشخظٍخ اىزئٍسٍخ شٌ٘ب‬

‫ٗاربّبثً فً رٗاٌخ مبّب ٍٍْبر٘ اعززافبد‪ .‬سي٘ك اىغطزسخ اىذي أظٖزٓ شٌ٘ب ٗاربّبثً ٕ٘ (‪ٍ٘ )1‬قف ٍعب ٍد ىيَجزَع‬

‫ّٗزجسً ‪ )0( ،‬عْذ اىزذذس إىى أشخبص آخزٌِ ‪ ٍِ ،‬اىَزجخ أُ ٌزذذس شٌ٘ب عِ ّفسٔ ٗإّجبسارٔ ‪ ٍِ )3( ،‬اىسٖو‬

‫إٕبّخ ٗإٕبّخ اَخزٌِ‪ٌ ٍِ .‬جعو عالقبرٔ اىشخظٍخ سٍئخ ىيغبٌخ ٕٗذا ٍ٘قف ٍْبٕض ىيَجزَع ٗجبّت فخز ّزجسً ‪،‬‬

‫(‪ )5‬ال ٌَنِ ىشٌ٘ب أُ ٌعززف ثأّٔ فعو شٍئًب خبطئًب ‪ٗ ،‬ال ٌشاه ٌعزقذ أُ ٍب ٌفعئ طذٍخ ‪ )4( ،‬شٌ٘ب سٍفعو شًء‬

‫دائ ًَب عيى اىْجبح فً ٍعبٌٍز ٗق٘اعذ ‪ Shuya‬اىنثٍز ٍِ اىثْبء ‪ٌ )6( ،‬زمش ‪ Shuya‬ىيذظ٘ه عيى اىثْبء‪ٌ .‬زٌذ‬

‫ٗإٔذاف شخض ٌزمش عيى اىذاد اىعبىٍَخ ‪ٌٍَ )7( ،‬و اىغطزسخ أٌضًب إىى أُ ٌنُ٘ ّزجسًٍب ‪ٌَٗ ،‬نِ رؤٌزٔ ٍِ طجٍعخ‬

‫‪.‬أّٔ فخ٘ر جذا ثْفسٔ أٍبً اىسٍذح ٍ٘رٌغ٘شً ‪Shuya‬‬

‫‪xii‬‬
xiii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter outlines the research background, research question, research

significance, scope and limitation, definition of key terms, and research method.

A. Background of the Study

Pride is a self-conscious emotion that comes from achievements

accomplished by one‟s own ability. It reflects how you feel about yourself (Tracy

& Robins, 2004a, 2007b). According to Lewis (1993) pride can only be called

pride when there are different types of cognition related factors to the self. People

evaluate or compare their behavior with a standard. Pride, in any case, seems to

arise from the self (Tracy & Robins, 2004a, 2007b Williams, 2009).

The emotion pride can be interpreted in a negative way, but also in

appositive way. Therefore the distinction between authentic and hubristic pride is

being made. Authentic pride is caused by internal and controllable causes and

hubristic pride is caused by internal but uncontrollable causes. Throughout history

there was a very negative view about pride and was even considered a sin among

different religious groups. Authentic pride is considered to be the positive side of

this emotion and manifests pro-social outcomes, whereas hubristic pride is the

exact opposite and is linked to narcissism. Authentic pride has been characterized

by words such as “accomplished” and “confident,” whereas hubristic pride has

been characterized by words such as “arrogant” and “conceited”.

Tracy and Robins (2007b) provided evidence of the semantic separability

of these two sorts of pride, and of the differential associations these two sorts of

1
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pride have with aspects of personality. In their view (Tracy & Robins, 2004,

2007a), authentic pride derives from specific accomplishments or goal attainments,

and is often focused on the efforts made towards that goal. Hubristic pride, on the

other hand, is related instead to more global beliefs about abilities and strengths,

as reflected in statements such as “I do everything well” or “I am naturally

talented”(Tracy & Robins, 2004, 2007a). Put differently, in this view authentic

pride arises from a self-evaluation of “doing,” whereas hubristic pride arises from

a self-evolutions of “being” (Lewis, 2000; Tangney, Wagner, Fletcher, &

Gramzow, 1992). Hubristic pride appears to be relatively defensive (McGregoret

al., 2005) and neurotic in nature (Gershman, 1947; Tracy & Robins, 2004).

The hubristic pride theoretically associated with narcissism (M. Lewis,

2000), which has been labeled the deadliest of the Seven Deadly Sins (Dante,

1308-1321/1937), might contribute to aggression and hostility, interpersonal

problems, relationship conflict, and a host of maladaptive behaviors (Bushman &

Baumeister, 1998; Campbell, 1999; Kernberg, 1975; Kohut, 1976; Morf &

Rhodewalt,2001; Paulhus, Robins, Trzesniewski, & Tracy, 2004). Many of

research indicates that shame and guilt are distinct, negative self-conscious

emotions with divergent elicitors and outcomes (see Tangney & Dearing, 2002,

for a review), and it might make sense to conceptualize pride in a similar manner

(M. Lewis, 2000; Tangney, Wagner, & Gramzow, 1989). Specifically, the pride

that results from a specific achievement or prosocial behavior might be distinct

from pride in one‟s global self. This distinction parallels the conceptualization of

guilt as derived from a focus on negative aspects of one‟s behavior the thing that
 3

was done or not done and shame as derived from a focus on negative aspects of

one‟s self the self who did or did not do it (H.B. Lewis, 1971; M. Lewis, 2000;

Tangney & Dearing, 2002).

The theoretical model of self-conscious emotions in which hypothesized

the existence of two distinct variants of pride, elicited by distinct cognitive

processes (Tracy & Robins, 2004a). According to the model, self-conscious

emotions (pride, shame, guilt, and embarrassment) are elicited when individuals

direct attentional focus to the self, activating self-representations, and appraise an

emotion-eliciting event as relevant to those representations. In the case of pride,

the event also must be congruent with positive self-representations. Individuals

then must make a series of casual attributions. Psychologists have long noted that

pride occurs in response to internal attributions that is, when the self is credited as

the cause of the event (Ellsworth & Smith, 1988; M. Lewis, 2000; Roseman, 1991;

C. A. Smith & Lazarus, 1993; Weiner, 1985). Two facets of pride can be

distinguished by subsequent attributions. Specifically, authentic, or beta, pride

(I’m proud of what I did) might result from attributions to internal, unstable,

controllable causes (I won because I practiced), whereas pride in the global self

(I’m proud of who I am), referred to as hubristic, or alpha, pride (M. Lewis, 2000;

Tangney et al., 1989), might result from attributions to internal, stable,

uncontrollable cause (I won because I’m always great).

In this research, the researcher takes some cases of hubristic pride from

novel Confessions. This novel is a modern literary work that was written by

Kanae Minato which known as the Japanese writer of crime fiction and thriller.
 4

Kanae Minato is the member of the Mystery Writers of Japan and the Honkaku

Mystery Writers Club of Japan. Kanae Minato started writing in her age around

thirties. Her first novel is Kokuhaku or in English version called Confession, her

first novel became bestseller and won the Japanese Bookseller Award. In youth

Kanae Minato was an avid fans of mystery novel Edogawa Ranpo, Maurice

Leblanc, Agatha Christie, Keigo Higashino, Miyuki Miyabe, and Yukito Ayatsuji.

She has been described in japan as “the queen of iyamisu” iyamisu (eww mystery)

is a subgenre of mystery fiction which deals with grisly episodes and the dark side

of human nature. Readers blurt out “eww” when they reading iyamisu novel. The

term was created in 2006 by the mystery critic Aoi Simotsuki. The novel

Confessions which is the object of this research also categorized in iyamisu genre.

Through the novel Confessions, Kanae Minato obtain some award those are:

Japanese Award 1. 2009- Japanese Booksellers Award, 2. 2015- Alex Award, 3.

2015- Nominee for Strand Critics Award for Best Novel, 4. 2015- Nominee for

Shirley Jackson Award for Best Novel.

Kanae Minato‟s Confessions is a novel about an adult named Shuya

Watanabe is a high school student who is smart in the field of science and always

tries to show his ability to get praise or recognition for his prowess. There are

some researcher who were analyzed this novel. “Confessions” is classified as a

new novel, so the researcher who analyzed this novel is not that much. These are

some previous studies of the novel “Confessions”.

The research is done by Alifia Nur Halizah titled Motivasi yang

Mendorong Tokoh Watanabe Shuya Melakukan Pembunuhan Dalam Film

 5

Kokuhaku (The Motivation That Drives Watanabe Shuya's Character Do The

Murder In The Film Kokuhaku) the analysis publish in Diponegoro University

Semarang. This research used hierarchy of needs theory by Abraham Maslow.

The results of this thesis state about the motivation that drives the act of killing by

Watanabe Shuya character is his efforts to fulfill the needs of appreciation and the

need of self-actualization, with the hope that he gets appreciation and recognition

from his mother and others that he is genuinely genius.

The second research is in Dian Nuswantoro University Semarang by Eva

Riski Amalia titled Gangguan Kejiwaan Destruksi Melancholia Pada Tokoh

Utama Yuko Moriguchi Dalam Film Confession Karya Kanae Minato (Mental

Disorders Melancholia Destruction in the Main Character Yuko Moriguchi in

Kanae Minato's Confessions Film). The researcher used psychological approach

in analyzing the behavioral character of Yuko Moriguchi in Kanae Minato‟s novel

Confessions. The analysis began when Yuko Moriguchi lost part of her personal

identity to suffer from psychiatric disorder melancholia with its destructive drive

and what factors are caused this to occur.

The third research is done by Ninna Febriana Sejahterawati titled An

Analysis of Power Relation in Kanae Minato’s Novel Confessions (2008) the

research published in Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. In her research, the

researcher analyzed about the meaning of exercised power in the novel. The

researcher using Foucault‟s theory of power to analysis the literary work, this

research is expected to analyze the writer‟s purposes of constructed power

relations in the novel.

 6

Based on previous research, the researcher used these study materials to

supplement and develop this research study. The three studies above have in

common with this research that is using the approach of literary sociology and

literary psychology with the same novel. Meanwhile, this research analysis

focusing on the psychological hubristic pride theory by Tracy and Robins will be

applied to analyze the characterization in the Kanae Minato‟s novel Confessions.

B. Problem of the Study

Based on the background that has been described, the problem of the study

is how does the intrinsic aspect support the topic of hubristic pride of the main

character Shuya Watanabe?

C. Objective of the Study

Based on the research statement, this particular study aimed at finding out

the intrinsic aspect support the topic of hubristic pride of the main character Shuya

Watanabe in Kanae Minato‟s Confessions.

D. Significance of the Study

This research is expected to be beneficial both theoretically and practically.

Theoretically the result of this research is intended to be able to enlarge the

intrinsic aspect support the topic pride in novel. It is also hoped to open the new

insight of intrinsic aspect support the topic hubristic pride helped by Shuya

Watanabe‟s character in Kanae Minato‟s Confessions.

Practically, this research is intended to be beneficial for the readers

especially the students of literature who are interested study about intrinsic aspect

support the topic hubristic pride. Hopefully, the research will be worth enough to
 7

be reference for those who research about intrinsic aspect support the topic of

hubristic pride. Furthermore, this research is hopefully also being useful for

English Department lecturers in giving their students broader knowledge on the

study about intrinsic aspect support the topic of hubristic pride. Finally, this

research can give more information for the next researchers who are interested in

doing further research in this area.

E. Scope and Limitation

In order that the study succeed to answer the problem appropriately, it is

important to determine the limitation of the study about the topic. Researcher

wants to conduct a research on the topic of pride in Shuya Watanabe‟s character,

specifically hubristic pride using intrinsic aspect analysis. And in order to keep the

study broad, the researcher focuses on the intrinsic aspect of the topic of pride in

Shuya Watanabe‟s character specifically hubristic pride. It means that the study

will not discuss deeply about the worldview or the social condition of the literary

work.

F. Definition of Key Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding about the terms which used in this

research, the researcher defines the key terms which are used in this research as

follows:

1. Pride

Pride is a self-conscious emotion that comes from achievements

accomplished by one‟s own ability. It reflects how you feel about yourself

(Tracy & Robins, 2004a, 2007b). According to Lewis (1993) pride can
 8

only be called pride when there are different types of cognition related

factors to the self. People evaluate or compare their behavior with a

standard. Pride, in any case, seems to arise from the self (Tracy & Robins,

2004a, 2007b Williams, 2009).

2. Praise

The expression of approval or admiration for someone or something

3. Narcissistic

The pursuit of gratification from vanity or egoistic admiration of one‟s

idealized self image and attributes

4. Anti-social

Acting in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment,

alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same household as

(the defendant) (Crime and Disorder Act (1998)).

G. Previous Study

In every research, there is always discussion about relevant previous

research, because this is very important to avoid the similarity with the previous

research. Therefore, the researcher needs to find differences from the previous

research.

Kanae Minato‟s Confessions has been widely studied by researchers, but

most of the researchers do the research based on the film object where the novel

Confessions have been filmed. There are several topics that the previous

researchers have been analyzed about Kanae Minato‟s Confessions or even the

film of Confessions, such as theory of aggression behavior, hierarchy of needs

 9

theory by Maslow, Foucault‟s theory of power relations, Sigmund Freud‟s

psychoanalytic theory mourning and melancholia, and defense mechanism of ego.

The first example of the previous research is a theses done by Alifia Nur

Halizah (2019) titled Motivasi yang Mendorong Tokoh Watanabe Shuya

Melakukan Pembunuhan Dalam Film Kokuhaku (The Motivation That Drives

Watanabe Shuya's Character Do The Murder In The Film Kokuhaku). The

research focus on the motivation that drives the main character to kills Manami,

the daughter of Moriguchi Yuko. In this previous research, Alifia Nur Halizah

used Abraham Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs theory to analyze. The results of this

thesis state about the motivation that drives the act of killing by Watanabe

Shuya‟s character is his effort to fulfill the needs of appreciation and the need of

self-actualization, with the hope that he gets appreciation and recognition from his

mother and others that he is genuinely genius.

The second research was done by Eva Riski Amalia (2017) titled

Gangguan Kejiwaan Destruksi Melancholia Pada Tokoh Utama Yuko Moriguchi

Dalam Film Confessions Karya Kanae Minato (Mental Disorders Melancholia

Destruction in the Main Character Yuko Moriguchi in Kanae Minato's

Confessions Film). Based on the title, Eva Riski Amalia analyzed about Sigmund

Freud‟s psychoanalytic theory mourning and melancholia of Yuko Moriguchi‟s

character. The researcher used psychological approach in analyzing the behavioral

character of Yuko Moriguchi in Kanae Minato‟s film Confessions. The analysis

began when Yuko Moriguchi lost part of her personal identity to suffer from
 10

psychiatric disorder melancholia with its destructive drive and what factors are

caused this to occur.

The third research is done by Ninna Febriana Sejahterawati (2019) titled

An Analysis of Power Relations in Kanae Minato‟s Novel Confessions (2008).

Ninna Febriana Sejahterawati analyzed about the meaning of exercised power in

the novel, Ninna using Foucault‟s theory of power relations to analysis the literary

work, Ninna is expected to analyze the writer‟s purposes of constructed power

relations in the novel. The following previous research was conducted by

Muflichatus Suaibah (2013) titled Perilaku Agresi Pada Tokoh Utama Moriguchi

Yuko (森口悠子) Dalam Film Kokuhaku 『告白』Karya Nakashima Tetsuya

(中島哲也) (Aggressive Behavior of the Main Character Moriguchi Yuko (森 口

悠子) in the film Kokuhaku 『告白』 by Nakashima Tetsuya (中島哲也)). The

study discuss about the aggression behavior of Moriguchi Yuko character, the

theory used to analyze the film Kokuhaku is Buss theory of aggression behavior.

Another research was one by Muhammad Yusdwindra (2018) with his journal

Mekanisme Pertahanan Ego Yuko Moriguchi dalam Film Confessions Kajian

Psikologi Sastra (Yuko Moriguchi's Ego Defense Mechanism in the Film

Confessions of Literary Psychology Study). In the research he focused on the

instinct theory and psychoanalysis theory that discusses the structure of the human

personality by Sigmund Freud. The researcher discussed the conflict experienced

by the main character that is Yuko Moriguchi‟s id tended to be stronger than the

superego in influencing the ego on the Confessions film as well as how the ego
 11

defense mechanisms used to overcome the conflicts experienced by Yuko

Moriguchi.

Based on previous research, the researcher used these study materials to

supplement and develop this research study. The previous studies above have in

common with this research that is using the approach of literary sociology and

literary psychology with the same novel or film of the novel. Meanwhile, this

research analysis focusing on the intrinsic aspect support the topic of pride will be

applied to analyze the character of Shuya Watanabe in Kanae Minato‟s novel

Confessions.

H. Research Method

Research method is the way to collect to data and to analyze them. It

relates to the research design, data source, research instrument, data collection,

and data analysis.

1. Research Design

This research applies literary criticism to obtain detailed descriptions of

what does the intrinsic aspect of pride in Shuya Watanabe‟s character of novel

Confessions. This research includes literary criticism because the data is in the

form of narrative texts in the novel. The purpose of this research is to understand

and obtain in-depth information about Shuya Watanabe‟s character in the theme

of hubristic pride.

2. Data Source

The data source of this research is the character‟s dialogues, actions, and

symbol of pride in the novel. The data source taken from the literary work novel
 12

titled “Confessions” published in 2014 translated by Stephen Snyder, the novel

consist of 157 pages.

3. Data Collection

In this research, the researcher has some ways to collect the data. Data

collection techniques used in this research is by viewing, reading and taking notes.

There are several steps that researcher does during analyzing the novel. First, the

researcher repeatedly read the data from Confessions novel by Kanae Minato,

because of the importance of deep understanding and capturing a general picture

of the data. Second, researcher identify through character dialogue data, ways of

thinking, and characters actions that show the intrinsic aspect support the topic of

pride of the main character Shuya Watanabe in the novel, the researcher analyze

the intrinsic aspect from four character those are Yuko Moriguchi as Shuya

Watanabe‟s teacher, Mizuki Kitahara as Shuya Watanabe‟s girlfriend, Naoki

Shimamura as Shuya Watanabe‟s friend and the last point of view is from Shuya

Watanabe‟s point of view. The last step the researcher classifies the structure with

the personality of the main character that shows about the topic pride. The data

collection base on the point of view data from four characters described above.

4. Data Analysis

To analyze the data systematically, the researcher formulates some steps to

conduct the data. The first step is reviewing the collected data which is related to

the topic. Through intrinsic aspect support the topic of pride analysis, the

researcher could infer the intrinsic aspect support the topic of pride in the main

character. In order to make easier, the researcher makes a list of the collected data.
 13

The purpose is to select the necessary data which can be analyzed in this research.

The next step is classifying the data based on the research problem. After

classifying the data, the researcher describes and analyzes the data based on the

intrinsic aspect support the topic of pride. The intrinsic aspect must be related to

the problem of the research. In this step, the researcher does the analysis in the

intrinsic aspect of the novel especially in the topic of pride. Finally, the researcher

draws the conclusion and determines whether the conclusion is already

appropriate to answer the research.

 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter reviews several relevant to the issue being investigated in this

research used to analysis the data. The discussion covers the intrinsic aspect

support the topic of pride, in Kanae Minato‟s Confessions. Therefore, the

theoretical framework is explained in this chapter to have a deep understanding of

the whole concept of this study.

A. Literature

Literature is one creative art that they argue, cannot be “studied” at all. We

can only read, enjoy, appreciate it. For the rest, we can only accumulate all kinds

of information “about” literature (Wellek & Warren, 1949). Literary work is an

expression of the feelings of an author which is described in writing which can be

in the form of novel, prose, or poetry. Not only expressing feelings, some writers

make literary work as a means to express ideas, or even critics of life phenomena

that are happening. An example is the object of this research, the novel

Confessions (Kokuhaku) written by Kanae Minato. The novel tells about an adult

named Shuya Watanabe who wants to get recognition from other people that he is

genius. He did anything to get the recognition from other about the machine he

made. He always feels proud of his genius, and he try anything to show the world

how genius he is.

B. Intrinsic Elements

Rene Wellek and Austin Warren, in their Theory of Literature, define

intrinsic analysis as “the interpretation and analysis of the works of literature

14
 15

themselves” (1977:139). Prose as one of literary works also has these kind of

intrinsic elements to building the story, which includes: story, event, plot,

characterization, theme, setting, point of view, language and language style and so

on (Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 23).

1. Character and Characterization

A character is a person that told as the main in the fictional story such

novel, novella, and short story. Character is the part of intrinsic elements in a hole

of the story. A character is an important element of descriptions of identity, the

characters is more interesting element to be analyze by many literary researchers

(Nugiantoro, 1995: 164). Characterizations represent characters on stage or in

writing primarily by imitating or describing actions, movements, or speeches

(Turco, 1999: 38). Characterization plays an important role in describing each

character in the story. A character is the person who is depicted in narration or

drama they explain that characters are divided into two types, namely major

characters and minor characters (Turco 1999). Analyzing characters cannot be

separated from their character. Character is the quality of character, reason, and

soul that distinguishes it from other figures (Sudjiman, 1991: 16).

Characterization is the representation of everything that told in the

narrative or drama of literary works. The representation may include methods

direct such as the attribution of qualities in description or commentary, and

indirect methods inviting readers to infer qualities from character‟s actions,

dialogue, or appearance. The information about the character in literary works

also include in the characterization such as information of personality, appearance,

 16

age, gender, social status, sexual orientation, beliefs, motivation, etc.

characterization means the way the writer tells the reader about the physical and

non-physical characteristics of the person in the story (Martin, 1994: 95).

Characterization has four levels which are useful for us to see the very

basic character descriptions. The four levels of characterization are:

a. Physical: Physical is explains about the basic facts such as sex, age, and

size. Like black or white, handsome or beautiful, fat or slim etc. this is the basic

level of characterization because it expresses only external traits.

b. Social: In this level of characterization includes of economic status,

profession, religion, family, and social relations that place the character in their

environment.

c. Psychological: Psychological describe about the habit of the character,

attitudes, desires, motivation, the way how the characters face the problem,

mindset, emotional and intellectual which lead to action.

d. Moral: Moral decisions distinguish more character than anyone other

levels of characterization. This level about the characters willing to do or to get

what he wants. How the character will go, kill, steal, lie, cheat, etc. Moral level

also about the moral values in the literary works.

Analyzing characters cannot be separated from their character. Character is

the quality of the character, reason, and soul that distinguishes it from another

character (Sudjiman, 1991: 16).

 17

2. Theme

According to Cynthia (2013: page 2), the theme of a literary work is its

central message, concern, or purpose. Theme is always there in every literary

work, such as poetry, short story, and novel. The idea of writer is expressed

through those literary work and theme help the literary work built beautifully. The

theme that was initiated could be the main theme or it could be a side theme that

serves to support the main idea conveyed by the author.

3. Setting

Setting is one of essential parts to make a story. According to Meyer (1990;

107) setting is where the certain part of the story takes place. It might be detailed

in describing the exact place and the exact time. According to Klarer (1999; 25),

setting is another aspect that traditionally included in analysis of literary work.

Abrams (1981) explained that, setting is the foundation of the story, suggesting

the understanding of the place, the relationship, the time, and the social

environment in which the events are told. This will happen if the setting is able to

lift the local atmosphere complete with its features into the story.

a. Setting of Place

Setting of place direct to the location of the event that happen in fiction,

setting use for place with a certain names.

b. Setting of Time

Setting of time means when the time of the story happened. The problem

of when usually connected with factual time for example day, month, year,

weather, or a historical period.

 18

b. Setting of Society

Setting of society is very close to the behavior of social life in a certain

place and certain time in novel.

c. Plot

Plot is the way events are structured in a piece of literature. Plot includes

background on the specifics of the story in the novel.

4. Point of View

A point of view in discussion, an argument, or nonfiction writing is an

opinion, the way you think about a subject. Point of view is defined as the angel

from how the way that the story is told. Point of view basically a question through

whose eyes we seen the fictional world and whose voice tells us the story. Point of

view is the description of narrator‟s position in a story. Point of view have the

varieties in the use of narrative viewpoint on the story, there are first person point

of view, second person point of view, third person point of view limited, and third

person point of view omniscient.

First person point of view is when the story is told by “I”. The character is

in the story, relating his or her experiences directly. Second person point of view

is when the story told by “You”. This POV is not common in fiction, but it is

common in nonfiction. Third person point of view limited, the story is told about

“He” or “She”. This is the most common point of view in the fiction story. The

narrator is outside of the story and relating the experiences of a character. Third

person point of view omniscient, the story is also about “He” or “She”, but the
 19

narrator has full access to the thoughts and experiences of all characters in the

story.

C. Self-Conscious Emotions

Michael Lewis, in the studies of the origins of the self-conscious emotions,

makes the point that to understand the ontogenesis of these emotions in children,

it is necessary to consider the cognitive development of the child which likely

give rise to them. Indeed, using the evaluation of the cognitive capacity to

represent the self, he has suggested that the emergence, both phylogenetically and

ontogenically, of the mental representation of “me” or self-reflected awareness,

provides the capacities most necessary for the emergence of these self-conscious

emotions. It is the capacity to think about the self (self-reflection or awareness)

along with other emerging cognitive capacities that provides the basis for these

emotions starting at the end of the second year of life. Thus, while primary

emotions such as fear, anger and joy emerge in the first year of life, some even in

the early months of life, it is not until self-reflection/awareness, or Lewis has

called “consciousness”, the mental representation of “me” emerges in the second

half of the second year of life that we see the earliest of the self-conscious

emotions.

The self has a role in pride. Pride is being divided into self-conscious

emotion (Lewis, 1993; Silvia, 2009; Tracy & Robin, 2004b, 2007a). The self

plays a big role in many different motivational and decision making processes.

Pride wouldn‟t be able to experience without a sense of self. The complexity of

self-conscious emotions is in the self. According to Tracy and Robins (2004a,

 20

2007d) the self-conscious emotions distinguish themselves from non-self-

conscious emotions with the following five features: First, self-awareness and

self-representations. Second, self-conscious emotions develop later than basic

emotions (basic emotions: joy, fear and anger). Third, self-conscious emotions are

primarily developed for the realization of social goals. Fourth, the self-conscious

emotions do not have a distinct, recognizable facial expression, though there are

distinct other body movements, postures that are recognizable. Fifth, self-

conscious emotions have a complex cognitive structure. According to the model

pride is elicited after activation of the self-representation followed by internal

attributions.

Pride is an emotion that needs all kind of cognition related factors to the

self so it can be called pride (Lewis, 1993). It occurs after evaluating or

comparing one‟s own behavior with a Standard, a Rule or a Goal (SRG). If one

believes he or she has succeeded it is called pride. It can be seen as taking pride in

one‟s own achievements. When one thinks he or she failed it is called shame or

guilt. These emotions are also categorized in the self-conscious emotions. Other

self-conscious emotions are for example jealousy, empathy and envy. Cognitive

processes are the cause of these self-conscious emotions. The cause of self-

conscious emotions is a cognitive event (Lewis, 1993). The SRG plays a big role

in the theory Lewis has about the self-conscious emotions. These standards, rules

or goals have to do with culture and are automatically taught to children from a

young age. Because it is culture specific it differs in every society, but time

changes these SRG‟s too.

 21

1. Pride

Pride is an important emotion that plays a critical role in many domains of

psychological functioning. In particular, feelings of pride reinforce prosocial

behaviors such as altruism and adaptive behaviors such as achievement (Hart&

Matsuba, in press; Weiner, 1985). The loss of pride is part of what provokes

aggression and other antisocial behaviors in response to ego threats (Bushman &

Baumeister, 1998). The regulation of pride is intrinsically linked to self-esteem

regulation and maintenance; many acts of self-enhancement are likely attempts to

increase one‟s feeling of pride. In fact, pride is the primary emotion (along with

shame) that gives self-esteem its affective kick (J.D. Brown & Marshall, 2001),

and self-esteem in turn influences a wide range of intrapsychic and interpersonal

processes.

Despite its centrality to social behavior, pride has received little attention

in the social-personality literature, even relative to other self-conscious emotions

such as shame and guilt. As a self-conscious emotions, pride traditionally has

been viewed as belonging to a secondary class of emotions, separate from the so-

called basic emotions that are thought to be biologically based and universal.

However, recent research showing that pride has a distinct, cross-culturally

recognized nonverbal expression that is accurately identified by children and

adults (Tracy & Robins, 2004b, 2006; Tracy, Robins, & Lagattuta, 2005) suggests

that pride might meet the requisite criteria to be considered a basic emotion.

Pride is a self-conscious emotion that comes from achievements

accomplished by one‟s own ability. It reflects how you feel about yourself (Tracy
 22

& Robins, 2004a, 2007b). According to Lewis (1993) pride can only be called

pride when there are different types of cognition related factors to the self. People

evaluate or compare their behavior with a standard. Pride, in any case, seems to

arise from the self (Tracy & Robins, 2004a, 2007b Williams, 2009).

The emotion pride can be interpreted in a negative way, but also in

appositive way. Therefore the distinction between authentic and hubristic pride is

being made. Authentic pride is caused by internal and controllable causes and

hubristic pride is caused by internal but uncontrollable causes. Throughout history

there was a very negative view about pride and was even considered a sin among

different religious groups. Authentic pride is considered to be the positive side of

this emotion and manifests pro-social outcomes, whereas hubristic pride is the

exact opposite and is linked to narcissism.

The self of a person is the reason why people are able to experience,

express and recognize pride. It is therefore one of the so-called self-conscious

emotions. Self-conscious emotions are different from basic emotions like joy,

anger, and fear. It has a more complex underlying cognitive structure. Self-

conscious emotions occur as a response to an event that has consequences for the

judgment others have about the individual (Leary, 2007). Pride is caused by

internal events that are relevant to someone‟s identity (Tracy, Shariff & Cheng,

n.d.). Authentic pride has been characterized by words such as “accomplished”

and “confident,” whereas hubristic pride has been characterized by words such as

“arrogant” and “conceited”. Authentic pride derives from specific

accomplishment or goal attainments, and is often focused on the efforts made

 23

towards that goal. Hubristic pride, on the other hand, is related instead to more

global beliefs about abilities and strengths, as reflected in statements such as “I do

everything well” or “I am naturally talented” (Tracy & Robins, 2004, 2007a).

Authentic pride arises from a self-evaluation of “doing,” where hubristic pride

arises from a self-evaluation of “being” (Lewis, 2000; Tangney, Wagner, Fletcher,

& Gramzow, 1992).

Trait pride has been shown to be a robust predictor of achieving goals

related to mastery (Pekrunet al., 2006, 2009; Williams & DeSteno, 2008, 2009)

and competence (Dweck & Leggett, 1988). Hubristic pride has been linked to a

hierarchical dominance orientation, in which status depends on social validation

(Cheng, Tracy, & Henrich, 2010); that dominance orientation, in turn, has been

related to extrinsic goal pursuit (Duriez, Vansteenkiste, Soenens, & De Witte,

2007). Hubristic pride will also relate to the tendency to set unrealistically

ambitious extrinsically-motivated goals. Because goal pursuit has the purpose of

considerations is fragile, persons high in hubristic pride will tend to

overgeneralize from both successes and failures. Success will be taken to mean

“the sky is the limit,” particularly with regard to social standing; failure will be

taken to mean disaster. Such a pattern would be consistent with the connection

between hubristic pride and the tendency to make global attributions for success

(Tracy & Robins, 2004, 2007a, 2007b).

Several aspects of hubristic pride would be expected to relate to tendencies

towards certain kinds of negative affect. To the extent that a driving mechanism in

trait-like hubristic pride is related to a need for extrinsic recognition of successes,

 24

failure should generate anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior among those

prone to hubristic pride (Tracy & Robins, 2004, 2007b). Hubristic pride with

tendencies to set unrealistically high goals (as suggested earlier) would exacerbate

such negative mood states. Indeed, recent findings indicate that hubristic pride

relates to higher levels of aggression.

2. Hubristic Pride

Hubristic pride “I won because I am always great”, the global self, is

caused by internal but uncontrollable causes (Tracy & Robins, 2007a, 2007c). It is

to be seen as a virtue that disliked. Hubristic comes from hubris, which means

excessive pride. Hubristic pride caused negative social outcomes, which are

responsible for the negative view of this emotion. It has no specific goal and it is

the view of a positive self-worth of oneself (Williams & DeSteno, 2008). With

this it categorizes itself on the negative side of pride. Hubristic pride is associated

with words like “arrogant”, “pompous” and “egoistical” (Tracy & Robins, n.d.).

Hubristic pride is the anti-social and narcissistic side of pride.

Hubris is defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence often resulting in

retribution. It is an example of pridefulness, something dislikeable and to be

avoided. Hubris is a consequence of an evaluation of success at one‟s standards,

rules and goals where the focus is on the global self. In this emotion, the

individual focuses on the total self as successful. It is associated with such

descriptions as “puffed up.” In extreme cases, it is associated with grandiosity or

with narcissism.
 25

Prideful people have difficulty in their interpersonal relations since their

own hubris is likely to interfere with the wishes, needs and desires of others, in

which case there is likely to be interpersonal conflict. Moreover, given the

contemptuousness associated with hubris, the “other” is likely to be shamed by the

nature of the actions of the person having this emotion. The three problems

associated with the prideful person are (1) it is a transient but addictive emotion;

(2) it is not related to a specific action and, therefore, requires altering patterns of

goal setting or evaluation around what constitutes success; and (3) it interferes

with interpersonal relationships because of its contemptuous and insolent nature.

3. The Characteristic of Hubristic Pride

A character that known as one of the deadly sins in western culture and

Christianity. It is studied from the point of view that defines these people as mere

selfish beings who think of themselves as superior and more valuable than others.

According to psychology, the cause of hubristic pride lies in great insecurity and

low self-esteem. While that may seem contradictory, when a person fears being

hurt and feels inferior to others he can develop an image to show himself to the

world safely. Proud people often express their qualities and strengths, this is done

because they are afraid to show their weaknesses and get hurt.

The need for approval is also present as one of the causes of hubristic

pride. It is possible that during childhood these people have not received the

attention and care necessary to develop proper self-esteem and therefore need to

constantly assert themselves first. On the other hand, pride and arrogance are

symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder. This personality is characterized by

 26

selfish, vain, lack of empathy, and an inability to take into account those around

him.

They cannot admit that they have done anything wrong

An arrogant or pride person always believes that he is doing everything

well. That he makes the best decisions and that he never makes mistakes.

They always believe they are right

Pride people have the irrational belief that they are always right, that their

ideas are the only valid ones and if someone goes against them, they are wrong. It

seems they don‟t listen to others and find it difficult to integrate new ideas into

their belief system.

They don’t usually ask for forgiveness

If they can‟t admit they made a mistake and always believe they were right,

it will be difficult to ask for forgiveness at some point. Asking for forgiveness

implies that they have done something wrong and that, besides, they must admit it

to others.

They need and ask for praise constantly

Even if they don‟t say it outright, pride people need praise and praise to

keep afloat on their safety and dignity. Therefore, they will seek external approval

for everything they do, in a constant but subtle manner, nor do they want to admit

that they need other people‟s opinions.

They can be painful

If we point out something they have done or something they are thinking

about, they are more likely to feel attacked and respond with verbal abuse. This
 27

type of person is usually very reactive and does not tolerate criticism from others

even if they are constructive. They can do a lot of damage with their words to

make us feel inferior to them.

They only talk about their accomplishments

Pride people often reinforce their own self-image by constantly expressing

how well they do everything and talking about their successes.

Narcissistic

One of several types of hubristic pride is narcissistic, a mental condition in

which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for

excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationship, and a lack of empathy

for others.

Anti-social

Anti-social person consistently show no regard for right and wrong and

ignores the rights and feelings of others. People with antisocial personality tend to

antagonize, manipulate or treat others harshly or with callous indifference. They

show no guilt or remorse for their behavior.

 CHAPTER III
FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter contains the data finding of data analysis from the data source.

The data will be in the form of sentence or dialogues mentioned in the novel. The

discussion below will be focus in the intrinsic elements in Kanae Minato‟s

Confessions support the topic of pride.

A. Character

This analysis will be in the form of dialogue or narrative from the point of

view of the other characters focusing of the topic pride of the main character

Shuya Watanabe and also analyzes the point of view of the main character Shuya

who focusses of the topic pride that depicted through behavior and though

patterns.

1. Shuya Watanabe’s Personality from Yuko Moriguchi’s Point of View

Yuko Moriguchi is Shuya‟s classroom teacher and the mother of a young

child named Manami, who is a victim of Shuya‟s execution machine experiment.

In this chapter, the researcher will analyze Shuya Watanabe‟s character from

Yuko Moriguchi point of view.

I couldn’t believe what I was hearing.

“You mean you were using me as your guinea pig?”
“What’s the big deal?” he said, still grinning and as calm as ever. “Don’t people
take drugs or get shocked all the time for chemistry and biology experiments? As long as
you control the amount.”
I remembered what C had told me, and that A’s website said his new machine was
under development.
“Why are you making a dangerous thing like this?” I asked him. “What are you
planning to do with it? Kill small animals?” My fingers were still tingling from shock.
A made an exaggerated show of being surprised, like some comedian miming
astonishment. “Why do you have to be so touchy?” he said. “I can’t believe you don’t see
how great this is. Just forget it. I’ll show it to someone else, someone who’ll appreciate it.”
He snatched the purse out of my hand and left. (p.24)

28
 29

Someone who has a tendency for the pride characteristic, they always

believe that they are right. As shown by Shuya who kept trying to convince Yuko

Moriguchi that the purpose of making an electric purse was for a good cause and

Shuya said that his creation tool was great.

In this quote, it can be seen that Shuya‟s pride character is depicted in the

Shuya character through his behavior and though pattern. In the story fragment

above, Shuya shows pride attitude towards his teacher Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi,

when Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi does not appreciate his device in the form of a purse

which has an electric shock that is passed through the zipper of the purse.

Shuya created some machine that he call it as execution machine, shuya

also post his machines in website that he named professor Genius through this

website Shuya hopes people will found out his genius.

“I know you didn’t really help me with it,” A said, after I’d had a quick look at the
application. “But I have to have someone sign it, and you’re my homeroom teacher and
you teach science. Please?” When I hesitated, looking down at the entry form, he went on.
“I made it for all the right reasons. I just want to protect kids’ stuff. But you say it’s
dangerous. Why don’t we let the experts decide who’s right?” It sounded like challenge,
almost a declaration of war. In the end, he won and I lost. The Theft-Prevention Shocking
Coin Purse received the Governor’s Award at the prefectural level and went on to the
national competition. There it was lavishly praised and look honorable mention in the
middle school division, the equivalent of third place in the whole country. (p. 25)

Shuya who did not get appreciation from Ms. Moriguchi over his shocking

coin purse was annoyed and wanted to prove his abilities through a science

competition. Shuya always wanted to show his abilities, he wanted to get

recognition from people around him that he was a genius. In this research,

Shuya„s character shows an arrogant attitude that feels he is the most capable and

feels what he is doing is right. In the quote above, it shows Shuya trying to get a

sign from Ms. Moriguchi to participate in the science competition. Someone who
 30

has hubristic pride character will tend to feel what he is doing is right and it is

very difficult for people like this to accept rejection or criticism from others.

Apart from creating a shocking coin purse, Shuya has also created several

tools which he called as execution machine. Which of these tools he uses to

mistreat animals to show his ability in creating execution machine, Shuya posted

his tools and the animals he persecuted on a website that he named as “Professor

Genius”.

Shuya claims that what he makes is useful, and according to Shuya, the

purse will help to take care of children's belongings. The pattern demonstrated by

pride is that they still assume that what they do is right and that it is difficult for

them to accept criticism from others. The sentence above is a rising action in

which Shuya, the main character, starts to encounter uncomfortable things for him,

and this is his first conflict in the novel.

When he realized why I had called him, he began telling the whole tale in a tone that
was almost triumphant, as though he had been waiting for this day all along. The coin
purse that he’d taken to the science fair was, as I’d suspected, the prototype of his
Execution Machine.
When he’d finished the first model, he had tried it out on his video game friends.
They’d been impressed but not enough to satisfy A. He wasn’t showing them a jack-in-
the-box. They were in capable of understanding what he’d accomplished, so he decided to
show it to someone who could appreciate it. That’s when he brought it to me. My reaction
did satisfy him, but that was a misunderstanding on his part. It wasn’t the purse that had
frightened me but A himself, his whole way of looking of the world. But he was convinced
the purse had scared me, and intentionally provoked me before he left, thinking I would
spread the word about his dangerous invention to the other teachers and his classmates.
He was mistaken again. I did report the incident, as I’ve said, but no one else seemed the
least bit interested. It occurred to A, of course, that he could present his invention on his
website, but he was afraid no one would understand it, so he decided to take it to people
who could properly appreciate it. (p. 26)

Shuya was so proud of the coin purse he had created that he had succeeded

in removing the life of a toddler named Manami by Ms. Moriguchi's daughter.

Shuya was so proud of his art that Ms. Moriguchi called him and asked him about
 31

the shocking coin purse he had made to destroy Ms. Moriguchi's daughter. He was

proud that by the end, there was someone who understood the greatness of his tool

because he felt he had succeeded in killing a child.

The need for praise and respect makes Shuya do his hardest to produce

something that could astound many people and give him credit for his ability. As

he did in the above sentence, Shuya tried to demonstrate the different machines he

had created. Basically, pride is something people ought to praise in order to keep

their protection and integrity afloat. Therefore they will seek the acceptance of all

they do in a relentless yet discreet way, nor will they want to accept that they need

the opinions of others.

That’s how it came to be entered in the Science Fair. The judges were mostly
professors with impressive titles from technical universities, and A fully expected these
experts to be appalled by his lethal entry and to label it-and him-a menace. In this way he
would have attracted the attention he so desperately wanted. But he hadn’t wanted his
project to be rejected on these grounds in the local, preliminary rounds, so he had crafted
the accompanying materials to suggest that a childish-that is, age-appropriate-sense of
justice motivated the booby-trapped purse. But he had apparently done his job too well,
and both he and his invention were seen as perfectly wholesome right through to the
national finals. (p. 26)

Before participating in the competition, Shuya had several times shows his

machine to his friends and to his teacher Yuko Moriguchi, but Shuya did not get a

satisfactory response to his machine which he thought was a genius thing that

generally cannot be done by children at his age. Through this competition which

was judged by expert professors from one of the campuses in Japan, Shuya

wanted to show that what he created was an extraordinary thing and it would

show people that he was a genius child and thus he would get recognition and

attention to his genius.

But A misunderstanding again. He thought he was being praised for his technical
skills, an understandable misapprehension for a child to have. He still wasn’t being
 32

recognized for the dangerous villain he wanted to be, but he took some satisfaction in
being interviewed by the local newspapers. When I saw his picture and read about his
success, I was somewhat relieved myself. I felt that he had only wanted a little recognition
and attention, and that now that he’d gotten it, he might develop in a more positive
direction. I decided that I had been unnecessarily concerned and that everything had
worked out in the end. (p. 27)

Getting praise is what Shuya wants most, in this science competition

Shuya thinks that he has earned praise from Professor Seguci for his Shocking

coin purse. The need for praise is endless, making Shuya do everything he can to

get constant praise from those around him.

What did A care that they had said good things about him? No one had even noticed.
And what was so great about the Lunacy thing? Potassium cyanide? It wasn’t as though
she had discovered it-who couldn’t use a deadly poison to kill people? A had invented his
own murder weapon. Shouldn’t that get a lot more attention? But the more the media
made a fuss over Lunacy, the more jealous A became, and the more he threw himself into
developing his Execution Machine. (p. 27)

Shuya felt proud when one of the professors he idolized praised his

creative tool which named the anti-theft purse. With his victory in this

competition he is very sure that the news about his genius will become the main

topic in the newspaper soon, but Shuya is not the main topic in the newspaper that

day. A murder case committed by a student his age using cyanide poison to kill

her family members this case is called Lunacy case, and this case is the main topic

in the newspaper rather than Shuya‟s genius machine. Lunacy case became more

famous than his genius which this made him jealous.

At the instant her hand touched the zipper, Manami collapsed to the ground and
lay motionless. A satisfied smile spread over A’s face. B was in a state of shock, unable to
believe what he’d just seen. “Gotcha!” he heard A whisper.
“What happened?” he said. His voice was breaking as he grabbed A’s shoulder.
“What have you done? She’s not moving!”
“Then go and tell someone-tell everyone!” A said. He brushed B’s hand aside and
walked away with a satisfied look on his face. (p. 30-31)

Shuya feels satisfied when he finds out that Manami‟s body is laying

unconsciously on earth he feels that his mission has been successful (making his
 33

victim die because of the coin purse he made then announcing it to people so they

will know about Shuya‟s genius). Shuya told Naoki to tell the incident to

everybody it wasn‟t meant to help Manami but this was meant so that people

would witness and know. This is what Shuya does to get people‟s attention.

Shuya, who feels he is smarter than a teenager at his age, has a strong

desire to be recognized as a genius. This happened because Shuya thought that he

was born as a genius, as reflected in statements such as “I do everything well” or

“I am naturally talented” (Tracy & Robins, 2004, 2007a).

A wondered about this; in fact, when he’d finished his confession, with that almost
ecstatic look on his face, he’d asked me as much. Why hadn’t I reported my suspicions to
the authorities? But I told him that nothing had changed, that it would still be regarded as
an accident, and I had no intention of turning it into the kind of sensational murder he
had wanted it to be. (p. 32)

In this incident, the police believed that Manami's death was caused by an

accident because Manami's body was found floating in the pool. Manami‟s death

which the police declared as an accident was actually a murder case planned by

Shuya, using a shocking coin purse that he participated in a science competition.

However, Mrs. Moriguchi knows the reality that Manami died because she was

murdered by using Shuya's shocking coin purse because Mrs. Moriguchi found

Bunny's pocket, which is already fitted with an electrical shock system inside.

Shuya‟s aim in doing this is to get people‟s attention because he feels he hasn‟t

received much praise for his creation tool.

In order to gain praise and appreciation for his genius, Shuya did

everything he could, including trying to kill Manami, who was Mrs. Moriguchi.

Shuya‟s tendency to want a lot of praise made him dare to do everything he could

to show his skills. Including making Manami as a victim in order to show how
 34

much voltage can be generated by his shocking coin purse. Shuya kills Manami

using his creative tool, which is a shocking coin purse with a higher voltage,

causing Manami to lose consciousness.

Mrs. Moriguchi did not report the case to the police or anyone else and this

made Shuya angry that his attempt to demonstrate his abilities had failed. Failure

should generate anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior among those prone to

hubristic pride (Tracy & Robins, 2004, 2007b).

2. Shuya Watanabe’s Personality from Mizuki Kitahara’s Point of View

Mizuki Kitahara is Shuya‟s classmate and also the leader of the class. Mizuki

Kitahara is a quiet and introverted student who rarely interacts with her peers.

Mizuki, on the other hand, develops close to Shuya and even falls in love with

him. Shuya, who is frequently bullied by his classmates, makes Mizuki feel

terrible, which brings them closer together.

We haven’t seen Naoki since that day you left, when you told us what you’d done to him
and Shūya. But he was the only one absent in B Class on the first day of the new school
year. Everybody else was there, even Shūya. I guess that was actually more surprising—
that he was there. Nobody said anything to him, we just stood around whispering about
him. And he didn’t seem to care at all. He sat down at his desk and started reading some
book, but there was a cover on it so I couldn’t tell what it was. Not that he was acting
tough or anything—that’s what he’s done every day since we started middle school. But
that’s what was so weird: Nothing seemed to have changed.(p.36)

In the above story, Shuya, who is considered to be one of the perpetrators

of the Manami murder, still dares to go to school, while Naoki, who was also

involved in the murder, no longer dares to go to school.

After committing the murder of Manami and all his classmates who knew

about the murder, Shuya always dared to attend school as though nothing had

happened. This is because it is founded on a deep confidence in himself that what

 35

he does is always right, like making Manami a guinea pig for his shocking coin

purse so that people can trust and admire his abilities. Shuya doesn't have any

friends at school because they are just a bunch of idiots who don't understand his

genius and the things he creates.

After committing the murder of Manami and all his classmates who knew

about the murder, Shuya always dared to attend school as though nothing had

happened. This is because it is founded on a high degree of self-confidence that

what he does is always right, like making Manami a guinea pig for his surprising

coin purse so that people can trust and admire his skills.

Shuya doesn't have any friends at school because they are just a bunch of

fools who don't understand his genius and the things he makes.

“That’s all I really wanted,” he said. “Just somebody to notice me.” (p.54)

After his parent divorce, Shuya lived with his father while his mother left

him and his father to achieve her dream of becoming a scientist. Since his mother

left, Shuya felt that no one could appreciate his genius, because all this time his

mother had always given him appreciation for his genius in creating machines that

weren‟t generally made by children his age. In the dialogue above, show about his

needs of appreciation from other.

“You know how little kids try to coax you along to get what they want?” Shūya said.
“Well, maybe I should have done that to get their attention. Someone could have said, I
found a dead cat in a field. Really?…well, actually I’m the one who killed it. No!…But it’s
true! Sometimes I kill cats and dogs. No!…you really do? But I don’t just kill them. What
do you mean? I use the Execution Machine I invented. You’re kidding! That’s
fantastic!…Open it. There’s a surprise inside…Mizuki, do you think I’m a murderer?
Mizuki? What am I supposed to do now…?” (p. 54)

Shuya‟s ambition to show his genius is very visible through the dialogue

above, were Shuya proudly tells Mizuki about how he killed an animal using a
 36

tool he created that he called as “Execution Machine” and then uploads it on his

website in order to get various comments and responses from people who visit his

website. Shuya proudly tells Mizuki what remarkable things Shuya has done, such

as making a weapon that he calls an execution machine that he uses to destroy and

torture animals in his environment, such as cats and dogs, which he then shares on

his website which is aimed at having praise or even just a response on the

comment. And Shuya was so proud to tell Mizuki about himself and his skills,

including the killing and mistreatment of animals.

Pride people often reinforce their own self-image by constantly expressing

how well they do everything and talking about their successes.

3. Shuya Watanabe’s Personality from Naoki Shimomura’s Point of View

Shuya doesn't have many friends in class, this is partly due to Shuya's

arrogant attitude and thinks other people are idiots not as smart as himself, but

one day Shuya approached Naoki Shimamura with the aim of carrying out an

assassination attempt on Yuko Moriguchi's daughter. Shuya uses Naoki as an ally

in his plans.

It wasn’t that he didn’t have any friends—he avoided people because he didn’t want
to be with them. Like he couldn’t be bothered hanging out with a bunch of idiots. (p. 87)

Shuya thinks that his friends are stupid and no one is smart enough like

him to be his friends. Shuya has no friends not because they don‟t want to be

friends with Shuya but for Shuya they are a bunch of stupid and idiots who don‟t

deserve to be friends with him who is a genius.

 37

Shuya has no friends at school, but this isn't because no one wants to be

friends with Shuya, because she doesn't want to be friends with someone else.

According to Shuya, none of the students in his school were smart enough to be

friends with him. Shuya, who has intellect above average students of his age, is

proud and arrogant, he still sees other people as a bunch of fools, and what's

worse, Shuya doesn't hesitate to make the people around him like guinea pigs out

of the machines he's managed to build.

In this situation, the attitude of the Shuya is known as an overbearing pride,

which is clear from the quotation that the overbearing pride is the anti-social and

selfish side of pride.

But it wasn’t because he was smarter than they were—that doesn’t get you much respect
in middle school—it was because he’d used his smarts to figure out how to almost
completely eliminate the blurring the censors put on porn videos and get a clear image.
That’s what they said, anyway. (p. 87)

Being the smartest student in school doesn't make Shuya have a lot of

friends. In different ways, Shuya is often trying to show off his genius as in the

quote above, where Shuya demonstrates his skill by eliminating censorship in an

adult video that is mostly watched by his classmates.

Pride people also strengthen their own self-image by continuously sharing

how well they are doing and bragging about their successes. And that's what he's

doing to show off his talent.

“Is that the Shocking Purse?” I asked him.

“That’s right, and I’ve managed to increase the voltage. I just haven’t found anybody to
try it out on yet. You want to be the first?” I shook my head and put my hands behind my
back. “Just kidding!” he said. “No, I made it to deal with all the people I can’t stand. It
needs to be tested on one of them.”
Then he set the purse down in front of me. It looked like any other change purse with
a zipper.
“Does it really work?” I asked.
“If you touch the zipper, you get a pretty good shock—enough to knock you on your
ass. Not you—I mean somebody we don’t like. How’d you like to see that?”
 38

“You bet I would. But who are you going to use it on?”
“That’s the point. I’ve been so busy inventing this thing and getting good grades, I
can’t tell people apart—you know, I hate all of them. That’s why I was hoping you’d
choose.” (p. 89)

Shuya showed off his shocking coin purse that won city and national

science fairs. Shuya has no friends at school, but this isn't because no one wants to

be friends with Shuya, because he doesn't want to be friends with someone else.

According to Shuya, none of the students in his school were smart enough to be

friends with him. Shuya, who has intellect above average students of his age, is

proud and arrogant, he still sees other people as a bunch of fools, and what's

worse, Shuya doesn't hesitate to make the people around him like guinea pigs out

of the machines he's managed to build.

In this situation, the attitude of the Shuya is known as an overbearing pride,

which is clear from the quotation that the overbearing pride is the anti-social and

selfish side of pride. Shuya is still proud of what he's been able to make. This

reveals one of the worst forms of pride, namely narcissism.

Watanabe got this weird smile on his face and then he bent down so he could look in her
eyes. (p. 94)

The weird smile of Watanabe is indicated pride, the smile is come up from

the feeling success of his plan to show his genius through snuggle bunny purse

which equipped with an electric shock device. He was successfully killing

Manami with his new execution machine. After Manami kept the zipper from

Shuya's bunny pouch, Manami's body unexpectedly dropped to the ground due to

a relatively strong electrical current from Shuya's bunny pouch. Knowing this,

Naoki, who at that time also took part in this preparation, felt panicked and

frightened when Manami died, but it was different with Shuya, where he
 39

genuinely looked relieved and pleased to see Manami lying helpless. This is

because the strategy has succeeded in demonstrating the surprising prowess of the

coin purse of his formation.

For Shuya, the success of his desire to be admired and respected is the

most important thing, and he will try to get it regardless of how it is, even by

sacrificing Manami as an example of his guinea pig. To the degree that the driving

force of trait-like pride is related to the need for extrinsic validation of

achievements.

“That’s right. There’s chocolate inside. Open it and see.” This was the clincher, and
it was supposed to be my line, but Watanabe went ahead and said it himself, which made
me a little mad. (p. 94)
His attitude that tends to be selfish and wants himself to be the most

prominent person makes Shuya take part in the dialogue that should be part of

naoki.

Shuya who suddenly picked up Naoki‟s dialogue that they have plan and it

is one of the hubristic pride attitudes as described in the previous chapter, when

someone feels the most capable among others, the fragment narrative above

showed that Shuya felt he was more capable of convincing Manami.

Watanabe didn’t answer, but when I looked up at him he was smiling. As though
everything he’d ever wished had just come true. It was the most natural smile in the world.
He looked at me.
“Go ahead, tell everybody all about it,” he said. (p. 94)

Normally when we know somebody injured we will so panic and try to

help the person who got injured. But in this case Shuya is smiling naturally like he

is so happy this is unusual condition. He didn‟t feel sorry to the little body layed

on the ground.
 40

For Shuya, the success of his desire to be admired and respected is the

most important thing, and he will try to get it regardless of how it is, even by

sacrificing Manami as an example of his guinea pig. To the degree that the driving

force of trait-like pride is related to the need for extrinsic validation of

achievements.

Before I had time to say anything, he brushed me off like a piece of dirt. “See you
later,” he said, and then he turned around and walked away. (p. 94-95)

Shuya has no friends at school, but this isn't because no one wants to be

friends with Shuya, because he doesn't want to be friends with someone else.

According to Shuya, none of the students in his school were smart enough to be

friends with him. Shuya, who has intellect above average students of his age, is

proud and arrogant, he still sees other people as a bunch of fools, and what's

worse, Shuya doesn't hesitate to make the people around him like guinea pigs out

of the machines he's managed to build.

In this situation, the attitude of the Shuya is known as an overbearing pride,

which is clear from the quotation that the overbearing pride is the anti-social and

selfish side of pride.

“Oh, I almost forgot. Don’t worry about them thinking you had anything to do with
this. We’ve never been friends. I can’t stand kids like you anyway— worthless but full of
yourself. Compared to a genius like me, you’re pretty much a complete failure.” (p. 95)

Shuya chooses not to have friends, because he feels that no one is smart

enough like him. In order to gain praise and appreciation for his genius, Shuya did

everything he could, including trying to kill Manami, who was Mrs. Moriguchi.

Shuya‟s tendency want a lot of praise made him dare to do everything he could to

show his skills. Including making Manami as a victim in order to show how much
 41

voltage can be generated by his shocking coin purse. Shuya kills Manami using

his creative tool, which is a shocking coin purse with a higher voltage, causing

Manami to lose consciousness.

Tell everybody all about it. (p. 95)

Shuya's goal in killing Manami was to get people's attention. If people

find out that Manami died because of the shocking coin purse hanging around her

neck, people will instantly realize that the guilty party is Shuya, and the thing

Shuya hopes most is that the news of this murder can become a news issue that

many Japanese people are talking about, so that the genius of Shuya can be

recognized and remembered by people.

To the extent that a driving mechanism in trait-like hubristic pride is

related to a need for extrinsic recognition of successes, even if they don‟t say it

outright, pride people need praise and praise to keep afloat on their safety and

dignity. Therefore, they will seek external approval for everything they do, in a

constant but subtle manner, nor do they want to admit that they need other

people‟s opinions.

Watanabe never had to struggle no matter how tough the question was, and when
the teacher praised him, he pretended he didn’t care. But now I could laugh at him when
he acted all big like that. (p. 98)

In different ways, shuya is often trying to show off his genius as in the

quote above, where shuya demonstrates his skill by eliminating censorship in an

adult video that is mostly watched by his classmates.

 42

Pride people also strengthen their own self-image by continuously sharing

how well they are doing and bragging about their successes. And that's what he's

doing to show off his talent.

4. Shuya Watanabe’s Personality from His Point of View

The point of view in this subsection is from the point of view of the main

character Shuya Watanabe, which describes the attitude of pride in their behavior

and mindset.

I’ll go up on the stage to receive a certificate, and then I’ll go to the podium and
read the essay. But they’re in for a surprise. Instead of the essay, I’m going to give them
some parting words and then detonate the bomb.…
I’ll be blown to tiny bits, and I’ll take all those worthless idiots with me.
There’s never been a child crime like this before, and I bet the TV and the
newspapers will eat it up. I wonder what they’ll say about me? I suppose they’ll talk
about my “inner demons” and use all the usual clichés; but even if the descriptions in the
media are totally unrealistic, I hope this website, what I’m writing here, gets out just as it
is. My one regret is that the newspapers won’t use my real name because I’m a minor.
(p.115)

Shuya's attempt to make him known through the Manami murder case has

failed, as the police say that Manami's death was accidental. So that Shuya returns

to preparing another thing that will make him look even more smart, namely by

making a bomb he will detonate at his school during Shuya's welcome ceremony

for his victory at the science competition in which he participates. Even though

Shuya's talent was known to the entire school, it wasn't enough to satisfy him. So

that he planned this bombing, Shuya hoped that he would succeed in his mission

this time and make headlines across the world. Before carrying out his bombing,

Shuya had made a confession video of the suicide bombing that he had organized

and posted a video recording to his "Professor Genius" website. So people will

know that Shuya, the school genius student, is the perpetrator of the bombing.
 43

The arrogance of Shuya made him dare to do everything, even kill himself with

his homemade bomb, to get people's praise for his brilliance. To the extent that a

driving mechanism in trait-like hubristic pride is related to a need for extrinsic

recognition of successes, Shuya does not hesitate to do anything for the success he

aims for.

When I was at the blackboard solving some arithmetic problem that was too hard for the
other kids, she took my picture with her phone, and then she showed it to my father when
we got home—but I didn’t mind. To be honest, it made me kind of happy. (p. 120)

After Shuya's parents divorced, Shuya's father remarried a year later, but

Shuya didn't really like his stepmother because according to Shuya, his

stepmother wasn't smart enough. Until one day when Shuya was working on

difficult problems, his stepmother took a picture of him and showed the photo to

Shuya's father. Shuya is very pleased to hear someone talk about his brilliance.

One of the most noticeable trends in someone who's proud of himself is that

he wants and actively asks for recognition. Even if they don't say it clearly, proud

people need recognition and praise to keep their protection and integrity afloat.

Sometimes the three of us would go out bowling or to karaoke, and I began to

realize that I was slowly becoming as stupid as they were—and that there was actually
something unusually pleasant about being stupid. I had even begun to think that I could
be happy being nothing more than a member of this family of dummies. (p. 120)

Because of the genius he has, Shuya also thinks that what average people

want to spend time on holiday or have fun is dumb and is done only by people

who Shuya calls idiots.

Pride people have the irrational conviction that they are always right, that

their opinions or views are the only true ones, and that if anyone is against them, it

is the person who opposes them who is wrong.

 44

My poor clock, my first invention, went completely unappreciated. But what would
my mother say if I showed it to her? She alone would be able to see its genius and praise
my achievement. I could barely contain my excitement at the thought. (p. 122)

Shuya's first tool-making job was a clock in which the hands rotated

counterclockwise in general. But at that time, sadly, nobody appreciated his work.

Shuya's goal in killing Manami was to get people's attention. If people find out

that Manami died because of the shocking coin purse hanging around her neck,

people will instantly realize that the guilty party is Shuya, and the thing Shuya

hopes most is that the news of this murder can become a news issue that many

Japanese people are talking about, so that the genius of Shuya can be recognized

and remembered by people.

To the extent that a driving mechanism in trait-like hubristic pride is

related to a need for extrinsic recognition of successes, even if they don‟t say it

outright, pride people need praise and praise to keep afloat on their safety and

dignity. Therefore, they will seek external approval for everything they do, in a

constant but subtle manner, nor do they want to admit that they need other

people‟s opinions.

But no matter how long I waited after that, there were never any comments that
looked as though they might have been from my mother. The only visitors to the site were
my idiot classmates, and when they mentioned that I could override the mosaic effect and
uncensor porn, the number of hits from obvious perverts began to go up. Within three
months, Genius Professor’s Laboratory was nothing more than a hangout for twisted
idiots. I tried posting some pictures of a dead dog I’d found down by the river, with the
idea of scaring them off, but they seemed to love that even more, and the comments got
weirder and weirder. Still, I never wanted to shut the site down, since that would have
been cutting off my one chance of contacting my mother. (p. 122)

To achieve his achievement, Shuya would do everything, including torture,

to destroy animals, to attract recognition and praise for his ability to create an

execution machine.
 45

I took her one of my new inventions, of which I was quite proud—my Shocking Coin
Purse. How would she react? I was really anxious to see—but what I got was the
hysterics of an old hag. (p. 122)

After successfully creating a shocking coin purse, Shuya showed his

creating, the tool shocking coin purse to Ms. Moriguchi. Ms. Moriguchi is both a

school teacher and a teacher who teaches science subjects. Shuya hopes that by

revealing it to Ms. Moriguchi, he will be praised because it is only Ms. Moriguchi

who understands science as he understands it.

Shuya is still proud of what he's been able to make. This reveals one of the

worst forms of pride, namely narcissism.

She must have been influenced by what she’d seen on my website, because she
seemed shocked when I went to ask her to sign the form, but I had my line ready: “I can
assure you I made this with the purest of motives, but you seem to think it’s too dangerous.
Why don’t we let the experts decide which one of us is right?” In the end, she signed. (p.
123)

Mrs. Moriguchi discovered that Shuya's true intention was to create a

shocking coin purse, and Mrs. Moriguchi figures out that Shuya is actually

developing an execution machine as he does on his website. However, he rejected

Ms. Moriguchi and found what he had developed to be a really useful tool and

could help a lot of people.

This reflects the mentality of a shuya who doesn't want to admit that what

he actually makes is something that shouldn't be done. And he knows that what

he's doing is right. Pride people have the irrational belief that they are always right,

that their ideas are the only valid ones and if someone goes against them, they are

wrong. It seems they don‟t listen to others and find it difficult to integrate new

ideas into their belief system.

 46

After that, everything went according to plan. Over summer break, the Shocking
Coin Purse was entered in the local science fair in Nagoya and then went on to the
national contest, where it was given honorable mention, the equivalent of third prize. I
was a little disappointed at first, but in terms of my desired effect, third turned out to be
even better than first: Judges were assigned to comment individually on each of the
winning projects, and the judge for third place was none other than Professor Seguchi,
the man from my mother’s university. (p. 123-124)

The aim of Shuya's participation in science competitions is to achieve the

success that he desires, namely to be commended by Professor Seguchi and

recognised as a teenage genius, because he is capable of developing tools that

usually cannot be achieved by teenager his age.

For Shuya, the success of his desire to be admired and respected is the

most important thing, and he will try to get it regardless of how it is, even by

sacrificing Manami as an example of his guinea pig. To the degree that the driving

force of trait-like pride is related to the need for extrinsic validation of

achievements.

No, I had to get them to blame my mother. That was the only way to be sure she’d
come to see me. When I’d done my deed, I needed to find a way to get the eyes of the
world to turn toward her. But what did we have in common? Our genius, of course. So my
crime had to somehow demonstrate the intelligence and ability I inherited from
her…which meant it had to involve one of my inventions. (p. 125)

Shuya always wanted to show his abilities, he wanted to get recognition

from people around him that he was a genius. In this research, Shuya„s character

shows an arrogant attitude that feels he is the most capable and feels what he is

doing is right. In the quote above, it shows Shuya trying to get a sign from Ms.

Moriguchi to participate in the science competition. Someone who has hubristic

pride character will tend to feel what he is doing is right and it is very difficult for

people like this to accept rejection or criticism from others.

 47

Apart from creating a shocking coin purse, Shuya has also created several

tools which he called as execution machine. Which of these tools he uses to

mistreat animals to show his ability in creating execution machine, Shuya posted

his tools and the animals he persecuted on a website that he named as “Professor

Genius”.

Shuya claims that what he makes is useful, and according to Shuya, the

purse will help to take care of children's belongings. The pattern demonstrated by

pride is that they still assume that what they do is right and that it is difficult for

them to accept criticism from others. The sentence above is a rising action in

which Shuya, the main character, starts to encounter uncomfortable things for him,

and this is his first conflict in the novel.

When a murder is committed, some of the attention naturally goes to the murder
weapon. Knives or bats are boring. Even the Lunacy girl’s potassium cyanide could be
ordered online or stolen from school. In other words, the crime had relied on these tools
without leaving room to demonstrate the murderer’s own ability.
What would they say when they found out my weapon was something I’d invented
myself? Not to mention that it had won a prize at the National Middle School Science
Fair, the most wholesome place imaginable. (p. 126)

If people find out that Manami died because of the shocking coin

purse hanging around her neck, people will instantly realize that the guilty party is

Shuya, and the thing Shuya hopes most is that the news of this murder can

become a news issue that many Japanese people are talking about, so that the

genius of Shuya can be recognized and remembered by people.

To the extent that a driving mechanism in trait-like hubristic pride is

related to a need for extrinsic recognition of successes, even if they don‟t say it

outright, pride people need praise and praise to keep afloat on their safety and

dignity. Therefore, they will seek external approval for everything they do, in a
 48

constant but subtle manner, nor do they want to admit that they need other

people‟s opinions.

So now that I’d decided on the weapon, I just needed a victim. As a middle school
student in a dead-end town, I didn’t get around much. My spheres of activity were limited
to: 1) home; 2) my laboratory; and 3) school. As I’ve said before, if I committed the
murder at home or at my father’s shop, the blame would fall on him rather than on my
mother, even if it were committed with one of my inventions. I suppose I might have
chosen one of the kids who played by the river near the lab, but in fact the place had a
bad reputation and kids didn’t come all that often, so it wouldn’t be possible to plan
things as carefully as I’d like. That left school. Which was fine, since murders at school
always seem to get a lot of coverage in the media. (p. 126)

The goal to achieve success is the most important thing that must be

achieved no matter what to do, including criminal matters. Shuya's attempt to

make him known through the Manami murder case has failed, as the police say

that Manami's death was accidental. So that Shuya returns to preparing another

thing that will make him look even more smart, namely by making a bomb he will

detonate at his school during Shuya's welcome ceremony for his victory at the

science competition in which he participates. Even though Shuya's talent was

known to the entire school, it wasn't enough to satisfy him. So that he planned this

bombing, Shuya hoped that he would succeed in his mission this time and make

headlines across the world. Before carrying out his bombing, Shuya had made a

confession video of the suicide bombing that he had organized and posted a video

recording to his "Professor Genius" website. So people will know that Shuya, the

school genius student, is the perpetrator of the bombing.

The arrogance of Shuya made him dare to do everything, even kill himself

with his homemade bomb, to get people's praise for his brilliance. To the extent

that a driving mechanism in trait-like hubristic pride is related to a need for

 49

extrinsic recognition of successes, Shuya does not hesitate to do anything for the

success she aims for.

So, who should it be? The truth is, I didn’t really care. I wasn’t interested in the
idiots and bumpkins in my class—I hardly knew their names—and I didn’t think the media
coverage would be much different whether I chose a student or a teacher. They’d go
crazy for either one.
Middle school student kills teacher!
Middle school student kills classmate!
They both sounded pretty good…but also a little boring at the same time. (p.
126-127)

If people find out that Manami died because of the shocking coin

purse hanging around her neck, people will instantly realize that the guilty party is

Shuya, and the thing Shuya hopes most is that the news of this murder can

become a news issue that many Japanese people are talking about, so that the

genius of Shuya can be recognized and remembered by people.

To the extent that a driving mechanism in trait-like hubristic pride is

related to a need for extrinsic recognition of successes, even if they don‟t say it

outright, pride people need praise and praise to keep afloat on their safety and

dignity. Therefore, they will seek external approval for everything they do, in a

constant but subtle manner, nor do they want to admit that they need other

people‟s opinions.

On the other hand, that wasn’t the only reason I ended up talking to him in the first
place. There was another element missing in my plan: a witness. What good was the
murder if no one realized I’d done it? And yet, it would look too foolish to turn myself in.
I needed someone who could follow me through the plan from beginning to end and then
give a full account to the police or the media. (p. 127)

The sentence above is Shuya's original plot to kill Manami, which

eventually resulted in making Naoki the sole witness to the murder case. Where

Shuya takes advantage of Naoki's innocence, and makes Naoki believe that the

scheme they're planning is just a fun detective game for Naoki. From the start,
 50

shuya never wanted to be friends with Naoki, he approached him only as the

person he needed as a witness and who would report the murder he committed

using his shocking coin purse.

The above quote shows the attitude of a shuya who is willing to obtain

attention and clearly shows his skills. In the study of pride, this mentality can be

defined as an extreme case of pride synonymous with superiority and narcissistic

attitudes. Where Shuya's desire to be the main focus of the police and all mass

media in his country is defined in the above sentence.

I had to avoid the complete idiots and the hangers-on seeking reflected glory. (p.
127)

Shuya always thought he was the best, and everyone else was a bunch of

worthless idiots. His nature is very indifferent to others and his anti-social attitude

is one aspect of pride. He is more likely to like himself, and is more likely to be

narcissistic, an attitude that is part of pride.

Hubristic pride caused negative social outcomes, which are responsible for

the negative view of this emotion. It has no specific goal and it is the view of a

positive self-worth of oneself (Williams & DeSteno, 2008). With this it

categorizes itself on the negative side of pride. Hubristic pride is associated with

words like “arrogant”, “pompous” and “egoistical” (Tracy & Robins, n.d.).

Hubristic pride is the anti-social and narcissistic side of pride.

Then there were the idiots who had watched me decrypt their porn tapes but then went
around acting like they could do it themselves. (p. 127)

Shuya always wanted to show his abilities, he wanted to get recognition

from people around him that he was a genius. In this research, Shuya„s character

shows an arrogant attitude that feels he is the most capable and feels what he is
 51

doing is right. In the quote above, it shows Shuya trying to get a sign from Ms.

Moriguchi to participate in the science competition. Someone who has hubristic

pride character will tend to feel what he is doing is right and it is very difficult for

people like this to accept rejection or criticism from others.

Apart from creating a shocking coin purse, Shuya has also created several

tools which he called as execution machine. Which of these tools he uses to

mistreat animals to show his ability in creating execution machine, Shuya posted

his tools and the animals he persecuted on a website that he named as “Professor

Genius”.

Shuya claims that what he makes is useful, and according to Shuya, the

purse will help to take care of children's belongings. The pattern demonstrated by

pride is that they still assume that what they do is right and that it is difficult for

them to accept criticism from others. The sentence above is a rising action in

which Shuya, the main character, starts to encounter uncomfortable things for him,

and this is his first conflict in the novel.

Enjoy yourself while you can. You won’t be grinning when you see her dead on the
ground in front of you. He’d go running straight home, scared out of his mind, and tell his
mother. That would be perfect. Especially since I remembered having heard that she was
always complaining to someone about something. Apparently she wrote to the principal
at the drop of a hat about any little slight to her boy. Well, I was going to give her
something much bigger to worry about. (p. 129)

Someone who has a tendency for the pride characteristic, they always

believe that they are right. As shown by Shuya who kept trying to convince Yuko

Moriguchi that the purpose of making an electric purse was for a good cause and

Shuya said that his creation tool was great.

 52

In this quote, it can be seen that Shuya‟s pride character is depicted in the

Shuya character through his behavior and though pattern. In the story fragment

above, Shuya shows pride attitude towards his teacher Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi,

when Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi does not appreciate his device in the form of a purse

which has an electric shock that is passed through the zipper of the purse.

Shuya created some machine that he call it as execution machine, shuya

also post his machines in website that he named professor Genius through this

website Shuya hopes people will found out his genius.

“Go ahead, tell everybody all about it.” Once I’d told him the most important thing,
I shook him off and turned to leave. (p. 130)

Shuya, who has intellect above average students of his age, is proud and arrogant,

he still sees other people as a bunch of fools, and what's worse, Shuya doesn't

hesitate to make the people around him like guinea pigs out of the machines he's

managed to build.

In this situation, the attitude of the Shuya is known as an overbearing pride,

which is clear from the quotation that the overbearing pride is the anti-social and

selfish side of pride.

I have nothing more to say to you, but your part begins now. This is the only reason
I spoke to an idiot like you in the first place, why I took you to my laboratory and let you
leave your nasty cookie crumbs all over. (p. 131)

Shuya proudly tells Mizuki what remarkable things Shuya has done, such

as making a weapon that he calls an execution machine that he uses to destroy and

torture animals in his environment, such as cats and dogs, which he then shares on
 53

his website, which is aimed at having praise or even just a response on the

message.

And Shuya was so proud to tell Mizuki about himself and his skills,

including the killing and mistreatment of animals.

“Oh, I almost forgot. Don’t worry about them thinking you had anything to do with
this. We’ve never been friends. I can’t stand kids like you anyway— completely worthless
but full of yourself. Compared to a genius like me, you’re pretty much a complete failure.”
(p. 131)

Shuya claims that what he makes is useful, and according to Shuya, the

purse will help to take care of children's belongings. The pattern demonstrated by

pride is that they still assume that what they do is right and that it is difficult for

them to accept criticism from others. The sentence above is a rising action in

which Shuya, the main character, starts to encounter uncomfortable things for him,

and this is his first conflict in the novel.

Shuya‟s pride character is depicted in the Shuya character through his

behavior and though pattern. In the story fragment above, Shuya shows pride

attitude towards his teacher Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi, when Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi

does not appreciate his device in the form of a purse which has an electric shock

that is passed through the zipper of the purse.

But it wasn’t. The victim’s mother, Moriguchi, found out the truth. About a month later,
she called me to the science room and showed me the rabbit pouch, which was now dirty
but intact. My wonderful invention, my murder weapon! I had succeeded after all! I
wanted to shout for joy! (p.133)

Someone who has a tendency for the pride characteristic, they always

believe that they are right. As shown by Shuya who kept trying to convince Yuko

Moriguchi that the purpose of making an electric purse was for a good cause and

Shuya said that his creation tool was great.

 54

Shuya claims that what he makes is useful, and according to Shuya, the

purse will help to take care of children's belongings. The pattern demonstrated by

pride is that they still assume that what they do is right and that it is difficult for

them to accept criticism from others. The sentence above is a rising action in

which Shuya, the main character, starts to encounter uncomfortable things for him,

and this is his first conflict in the novel.

I confessed everything. I had wanted to kill someone with my invention, to attract

even more attention than the Lunacy girl. But Shitamura, my witness, had lost his nerve
and had thrown the body in the pool. I told her how sorry I was that no one had found out.
(p. 133)

Hubristic pride caused negative social outcomes, which are responsible for

the negative view of this emotion. It has no specific goal and it is the view of a

positive self-worth of oneself (Williams & DeSteno, 2008). With this it

categorizes itself on the negative side of pride. Hubristic pride is associated with

words like “arrogant”, “pompous” and “egoistical” (Tracy & Robins, n.d.).

Hubristic pride is the anti-social and narcissistic side of pride.

In this quote, it can be seen that Shuya‟s pride character is depicted in the

Shuya character through his behavior and though pattern. In the story fragment

above, Shuya shows pride attitude towards his teacher Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi,

when Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi does not appreciate his device in the form of a purse

which has an electric shock that is passed through the zipper of the purse.

Shuya created some machine that he call it as execution machine, Shuya

also post his machines in website that he named professor Genius through this

website Shuya hopes people will found out his genius.

 55

But why? Why? Why did all these idiots insist on getting in my way? Why all the
recalcitrant pieces and parts? (p. 133)

Shuya always considered himself the smartest and everyone else was a

bunch of useless idiots. His attitude is very indifferent to others and anti-social is

one part of the attitude of pride. He is more likely to like himself which is more

likely to be narcissistic which is an attitude that is part of pride.

Shuya's attitude, which was eager to obtain attention, was a clear

demonstration of his skills. In the study of pride, this mentality can be defined as

an extreme case of pride synonymous with superiority and narcissistic attitudes.

Where Shuya's desire to become the main focus of the police and all mass media

in his country is defined in the above sentence.

I wasn’t sure why she was telling all those idiots when she hadn’t said anything to the
police, but at the very least it wasn’t a boring good-bye. (p. 133)

The goal of achievement is the most important thing that must be done, no

matter what, including criminal matters. To achieve his achievement, Shuya

would do everything, including torture, to destroy animals, to attract recognition

and praise for his ability to create a machine for execution.

Their stares filled me with a deep feeling of satisfaction. (p. 133)

Mrs. Moriguchi tells us about the specifics of Manami's death and the real

reality that Manami's death was not an accident, but a murder committed by one

of the students of the class. When Mrs. Moriguchi discusses how the murderer did

the real murder, and all the eyes in the class are staring at Shuya, where the

weapon he uses to kill Manami is a bunny wallet that has an electrical shock

system inside only Shuya can make this tool.

 56

When all the focus of the class is on him, he doesn't feel guilty or scared

he's discovered to be a killer, but he's happy because what he needs most is

people's attention, respect and admiration for his genius.

Shitamura didn’t show up for class, and the rest of the idiots left me alone for fear of
catching the virus, so all in all it was actually quite pleasant. (p. 134)

To achieve his achievement, Shuya would do everything, including torture,

to destroy animals, to attract recognition and praise for his ability to create a

machine for execution.

For Shuya, the success of his desire to be admired and respected is the

most important thing, and he will strive to get it whatever it is, even sacrificing

Manami as an example of her guinea pig. To the degree that the driving force of

trait-like pride is related to the need for extrinsic validation of achievements.

Gradually, however, the idiots began their little campaign of stupid pranks. (p. 134)

In different ways, shuya is often trying to show off his genius as in the

quote above, where shuya demonstrates his skill by eliminating censorship in an

adult video that is mostly watched by her classmates.

Pride people often reinforce their own self-image by constantly expressing

how well they do everything and talking about their successes. In this case, the

attitude of shuya is classified as hubristic pride, which of its features is evident

from the quote that hubristic pride is the anti-social and narcissistic side of pride.

They’re idiots, but even idiots can be dangerous in a group. (p. 135)

Shuya doesn't have any friends at school because he's just a bunch of fools

who don't understand his genius and the things he makes. Hubristic pride caused
 57

negative social outcomes, which are responsible for the negative view of this

emotion. It has no specific goal and it is the view of a positive self-worth of

oneself (Williams & DeSteno, 2008). With this it categorizes itself on the negative

side of pride. Hubristic pride is associated with words like “arrogant”, “pompous”

and “egoistical” (Tracy & Robins, n.d.). Hubristic pride is the anti-social and

narcissistic side of pride.

I had spent the walk home after this encounter wondering how there could be so
many stupid human beings in the world, (p. 135)

Shuya doesn't have any friends at school because to him they are just a

bunch of idiots who don't understand his genius and the things he creates. In order

to win respect and recognition for his creativity, Shuya did all he could, including

attempting to destroy Manami, who was Mrs. Moriguchi. Shuya kills Manami

with his innovative weapon, which is a surprising coin bag with a higher voltage,

causing Manami to lose consciousness.

Maybe I should find a way to pay back all those idiots at school. (p. 137)

In a number of ways, shuya often tries to show off his genius as in the

quote above, where shuya demonstrates his skill by eliminating censorship in an

adult video mostly watched by his classmates. Pride people often reinforce their

own self-image by constantly expressing how well they do everything and talking

about their successes.

“I just wanted someone to notice me,” I told her. (p. 137)

For Shuya the success of his desire to be praised and appreciated is the

most important thing and he will try to get it regardless of how it is, including

sacrificing Manami as an example of her guinea pig. To the extent that a driving
 58

mechanism in trait-like hubristic pride is related to a need for extrinsic

recognition of successes.

To the extent that a driving mechanism in trait-like hubristic pride is

related to a need for extrinsic recognition of successes, failure should generate

anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior among those prone to hubristic pride

(Tracy & Robins, 2004, 2007b). Hubristic pride with tendencies to set

unrealistically high goals (as suggested earlier) would exacerbate such negative

mood states. Indeed, recent findings indicate that hubristic pride relates to higher

levels of aggression.

Unfortunately, she turned out to be a complete idiot. Or maybe it would be more

accurate to say she was a fool. (p.137)

Shuya has no friends at school, but this isn't because no one wants to be

friends with Shuya, because he doesn't want to be friends with someone else.

According to Shuya, none of the students in his school were smart enough to be

friends with him. Shuya, who has intellect above average students of his age, is

proud and arrogant, he still sees other people as just a bunch of fools.

Hubristic pride is associated with words like “arrogant”, “pompous” and

“egoistical” (Tracy & Robins, n.d.). Hubristic pride is the anti-social and

narcissistic side of pride.

She was putting me on the same level as Shitamura. Could anything be more
humiliating? (p. 139)

The need for praise and appreciation makes Shuya try his best to be able to

create something that can amaze many people and give him credit for his abilities.

As he did in the sentence above, where Shuya tried to show the various machines
 59

he had successfully created. Pride people are need praise to keep afloat on their

safety and dignity. Therefore they will seek approval for everything they do, in a

constant but subtle manner, nor do they want to admit that they need other

people‟s opinions.

Getting praise is what Shuya wants most, in this science competition

Shuya thinks that he has won praise from Professor Seguci for his Shocking coin

purse. The need for praise is endless, making Shuya do everything he can to get

constant praise from those around him.

I had brought the Shocking Purse and the Backward Clock and my Lie Detector to
show my mother. Professor Seguchi smiled and led me off toward his lab, which was at
the eastern end of the building on the third floor—and right under Mother’s.

Once I had shown him the inventions, I could tell him I had actually come to see her.

He would say, You’re Jun Yasaka’s boy? No wonder you’re so smart! (p.140 - 141)

Shuya's pride character is represented in the character of Shuya through his

actions and pattern. In the story fragment above, Shuya shows pride in his teacher

Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi, when Mrs. Yuko Moriguchi does not appreciate his

machine in the form of a purse that has an electrical shock that passes through the

zipper of the purse.

Prideful people have difficulty in their interpersonal relations since their

own hubris is likely to interfere with the wishes, needs and desires of others, in

which case there is likely to be interpersonal conflict. Moreover, given the

contemptuousness associated with hubris, the “other” is likely to be shamed by the

nature of the actions of the person having this emotion. The three problems

associated with the prideful person are (1) it is a transient but addictive emotion;
 60

(2) it is not related to a specific action and, therefore, requires altering patterns of

goal setting or evaluation around what constitutes success; and (3) it interferes

with interpersonal relationships because of its contemptuous and insolent nature.

 CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

In this chapter, the researcher will provide conclusion from the analysis of

Shuya Watanabe‟s character focuses on the pride specifically hubristic pride in

Kanae Minato‟s Confessions. All the analysis result will be highlighted and

mentioned as well. The researcher will give a suggestion for further study to this

novel.

A. Conclusion

Based on problem of the study, the result of the study, and the discussion

that has been done, the researcher could draw some conclusions as follows. The

novel Confessions by Kanae Minato told about a teenager of S middle school

named Shuya Watanabe, He's a genius student, but he doesn't have any friends,

Shuya likes to enjoy his own time, preferring to spend his time with the books and

objects he makes. Because of his intellect, Shuya was able to create a shocking

coin purse that won both city and national science competitions. Shuya did not

participate in this competition because he wanted a prize from the competition,

but he really wanted the praise and recognition of Professor Seguci, who is a

professor in science at one of the most famous campuses in the city. Shuya wanted

to show his genius and get a lot of praise for his abilities. In this case the

researcher conducted research on Shuya figures who focused on the topic of pride,

especially the hubristic pride found in Shuya.

Based on the results of research on the Shuya character who focuses on the

topic of pride, especially hubristic pride in Shuya. Researchers found that

61
 62

according to Mrs. Moriguchi Yuko who is Shuya's class teacher. The hubristic

pride trait shown by Shuya is: (1) Shuya could not admit that he did anything

wrong, and he still believed that what he did was right., (2) Shuya is going to do

something to get praise Shuya wants so much praise, (3) Shuya has always been

focused on success at one‟s standards, rules and goals where the focus is on the

global self, (4) The trait of pride is also tending to be narcissistic, as seen by the

trait of Shuya, who was so proud of himself in front of Mrs. Moriguchi.

The results of further research were found based on the point of view of

the character Mizuki Kitahara who is the class leader. In this research, it was

found: (1) Shuya doesn't have any friends, this is because he is anti-social, he

doesn't want to be friends with anyone for Shuya, none of them are smart enough

and can be friends with Shuya. (2) When talking to other people, Shuya was more

likely to keep talking about himself and his accomplishments.

Other research results were found from the point of view of the character

Naoki Shimamura, who Shuya made a witness in the Shocking coin purse

experiment against Manami. Through Naoki's point of view the researchers found:

(1) Shuya's trait is easy to insult and humiliate other people which makes his

interpersonal relationships quite bad and this is an attitude of anti-social and

narcissistic side of pride.

B. Suggestion

Based on the results of research and discussion, there are a number of

suggestion, namely the novel Confessions by Kanae Minato can be used as an

illustration of how a character pride especially hubristic pride that can happen to
 63

the people around us. In this novel, we will learn how the trait of someone who

has a propensity to pride, particularly to hubristic pride, is based on the main

character Shuya Watanabe, who is portrayed as a middle school teenager who

really prides himself on his genius. Besides containing about Pride, this novel also

containing about the education system and how to characterize the social life of

high school students. For this reason, readers can make this novel as research

material with topics other than pride especially hubristic pride.

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Tokoh Utama Yuko Moriguchi Dalam Film Confession Karya Kanae
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 CURRICULUM VITAE

Miftah Khurrohmah was born in Jambi on September 17,

1997. She graduated from MA Plus Raden Paku Trenggalek
in 2016. During her study in high school, she was active in
Scout, OPPPM (the management organization in Pondok
Pesantren Raden Paku Trenggalek). She began her studies at
Department of English Literature of Universitas Islam Negeri
Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in 2016 and finished in 2020.
During her studies at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana
Malik Ibrahim Malang, she lived at the Pondok Pesantren Al-
Barokah Malang. She actively participated in the management of the administrator
of Pondok Pesantren Al- Albarokah.

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