Lab

MATTER
-made up of very tiny particles and there are particles are so small that we cannot see it with our naked eyes.
In this said topic, I learned a lot of things about matter It brightened my ideas on how matter works in us. As I
understand the reporter explain thoroughly, she indicates the 3 state of matter which are solid, liquid, and gas.
Just like for example, there is an ice cube then it represent as solid when the ice cube is been heated by the
sunlight it melts and so it could be liquid, then if the liquid will dry it will evaporate then that's the time where
the gas exist. Also, I learned the characteristics of matter which refers to the pure substance and mixture. In
the pure substances, it composed of elements and compounds while mixture, there are two classification; the
homogenous mixture and heterogeneous mixture. And last thing I've learned are the properties of matter
which refers to its physical and chemical property. Even though throughout the years that we encounter this
word matter always the first thing that comes in our mind is all the things that surround us is matter.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
- refers to the structure of an atom comprising a nucleus (center) in which consist of protons, electrons, and
neutrons. The protons has positively charged, electrons have negatively charged and neutron is neutral. Also,
electrons revolve around the center of the nucleus.
Personally, I'd say that I became interested in this topic and gain more knowledge about who discover first the
atomic structure which is the English Chemist John Dalton. Also, the discovery of an atom throughout the years
from 1802-1926. In 1802 Solid Sphere Model by John Dalton, In 1904 Plum Pudding Model by J.J Thomson, In
1911 Nuclear Model by Ernest Rutherford, In 1913 Planetary Model and in 1926 Erwin Schrodinger. After this
we tackled the Electronic Configuration which refers the arrangement of electrons in the orbits of an atom and
it tells about the number and positions of electrons in an atom. Electronic configuration become easy to me to
understand considering that you have to find the atomic number first then if you know the spdf pattern then
it's easy for you to determine. and also, we discuss the Lewis dot structure also known as electron dot
structure are diagrams that represent the valence electrons of atom within a molecule. In this case you will
determine what group thus the element belongs and how many dot you will put the symbol of each element.
PERIODIC TABLE
-In this topic, I have learned the arrangements of the periodic table, the pattern of metals, non - metals and
metalloids. I also learned the process of ionization energy. Dmitri Mendeleev arrange the elements of the
periodic table. It provides a systematic way to understand and predict the behavior of elements. Metals are
elements found on the left side of the periodic table. They generally have high conductivity, malleability, and
ductility. Examples include iron, copper, and gold. Nonmetals, located on the right side of the periodic table,
often have low conductivity and are typically brittle. Examples include oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Metalloids
are elements found along the dividing line between metals and nonmetals. They exhibit properties of both
groups and include elements like silicon and arsenic. The periodic table's structure helps identify trends and
relationships among elements, aiding in the understanding of their properties and behaviors. Alkali metals,
including lithium, sodium, and potassium, share common characteristics such as low density, high reactivity,
and the tendency to form ionic compounds. Examining the alkaline earth metals in Group 2 reveals elements
like magnesium and calcium. These metals share similarities with alkali metals but are less reactive. Moving to
the halogens in Group 17, elements like fluorine and chlorine are known for their high reactivity and tendency
to form salts. The halogens display a consistent pattern of reactivity, with fluorine being the most reactive and
reactivity decreasing down the group. Lastly, the noble gases in Group 18, such as helium and neon, are
characterized by their inert nature. They have a complete set of electrons in their outer shells, making them
stable and unreactive under normal conditions.
NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
-Nomenclature is the process of naming chemical compounds with different names so that they can be easily
identified as separate chemicals. Metal elements are the cations, or positive charge, and nonmetal elements
are the anions, or negative charge. The combination of metal and nonmetal elements is called an ionic
compound. In naming this element, we must only use a suffix, which is 'ide' in the last element. For example,
consider the combination of calcium and hydrogen. In naming this ionic compound, it will turn into calcium
hydride. On the other hand, the combination of two non-metal elements or two metal elements is called a
covalent compound. In naming this, we can use a prefix to identify how many atoms are in an element, such as
mono for one, di for two, tri for three, tetra for four, penta for five, hexa for six, hepta for seven, octa for
eight, nona for nine, and deca for ten, as well as the suffix 'ide' which we can use in the second element of the
covalent bond. For example, the combination of two hydrogens and one oxygen will produce dihydrogen
monoxide.
REFLECTION
JOURNAL
Submitted by: Caren A. Melecio

(BLK-1)
Submitted to: Ms. Jemna Lou A. Opalong

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MATTER

NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Submitted by: Caren A. Melecio

Submitted to: Ms. Jemna Lou A. Opalong

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