Measure of Central Tendency

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Assessment in Learning 1

Measures of Central
Tendency
By: Edrian R. Galang
learning Objectives

1. Understand the Measure of Central Tendency, types of


data, mean, median and mode.
2. Students will able to solve problems using the Measure
of Central Tendency(Grouped and Ungrouped Data)
Measures of Central Tendency
A single value that attempts to describe a set of data by
identifying the central position within that set of data or
scores.
Example of Set of Data:
Scores
Grades
No. of Days
No. of Months
No. of fish
etc
What is data?
Data refers to any collection of facts, figures,
measurements, observations, or information that is raw
and unorganized.
We have two types of data;

Grouped Data
Ungrouped Data
Grouped Data

Grouped data involves organizing raw data into intervals


or groups.
It is particularly useful when dealing with large sets of
data, making it more manageable and easier to analyze.
UnGrouped Data

Ungrouped data refers to raw data that has not been


categorized or grouped in any way.
Each individual observation is listed separately.
Measures of Central Tendency

It’s sometimes called measure of central


location.
Central tendency refers to the center of a
distribution of observations.
Measures of Central Tendency

There are three measures central tendency -


The Three M
Measures of Central Tendency

There are three measures central tendency -


Mean
Median
Mode
Measures of Central Tendency

The mean, median and mode are valid measures


of central tendency but under different
conditions, one measure becomes more
appropriate than the others. For example, if the
scores are extremly high and extremely low, the
median is a better measure of tendency since the
mean is affected by extremely high and extremely
low scores.
mean
It is also known as Average or Arithmetic
mean.
Most popular and most well known measures
of central tendency.
The mean is equal to the sum of all values in
the data set divided by the number of values
in the data set.
Formula:
mean

can use in Grouped and


Ungrouped data

Where:
= Mean
= The sum of the scores
= The total number of scores
mean
It is also known as Average or Arithmetic
mean.
Most popular and most well known measures
of central tendency.
The mean is equal to the sum of all values in
the data set divided by the number of values
in the data set.
mean
For Example, 10 students in a Graduate
School class got the following set of scores in
a 100 - item test:
70, 72,75, 77, 78, 80, 84, 87, 90, 92
Ungrouped Data

Practice more!
71, 87, 77, 91, 89, 99, 82, 86, 87, 98
mean
The mean, therefore, is 805/10 equals 80.5.
80.5 is the average score of the group.
There are 6 scores below the average score
(Mean) of the group (70, 72, 75, 77, 78 and
80) and there are 4 scores above the average
score (mean) of the group (84, 87, 90 and 92).
When no to use the mean
The mean has one main disadvantage. It is
particularly susceptible to the influence of
outliers.
These are values that are unusual compares
to the rest of the data set by being especially
small or large in numerical value.
When no to use the mean
For example, consider the scores of 10 Grade
12 students in a 100-item Statistics test
below:

Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 38 56 60 67 70 73 78 79 95
When no to use the mean
The mean score for these ten Grade 12
students is 62.1 However , inspecting the raw
data suggests that this mean may not be the
best way to accurately reflect the score of the
typical Grade 12 student., as most students
have score in the 5 to 95 range.
The mean is being skewed by the extremely
low and extremely high scores.
When no to use the mean

Therefore, in this situation, we would like to


have a better measure of central tendency.
Median
The median is the middle score for a set of
scores arranged from lowest to highest.
The mean is less affected by extremely low
and extremely high scores.

How do we find the median?


Grouped Data Median

Formula
Median
Formula:
Ungrouped Data
Median
Suppose we have the following data:
65 55 89 56 35 14 56 55 87 45 92
Median
Suppose we have the following data:
14 35 45 55 55 56 56 65 87 89 92
Our median is the score at the middle of
the distribution. In this case, 56. It is the
middle score.
Median
Suppose we have the following data:
14 35 45 55 55 56 56 65 87 89 92
There are 5 scores before it and 5 scores after
it. This works when you have an odd number
of scores, but what happens when you have
an even number of scores?
Median
What if you had 10 scores like the scores below?

65 55 89 56 35 14 56 55 87 45
Median
What if you had 10 scores like the scores below?

65 55 89 56 35 14 56 55 87 45
Arrange that data to order of magnitude
(smallest to largest). Then take the middle
two scores and compute the average of the
two scores.
Ungrouped data
Practice more!
71, 87, 77, 91, 89, 99, 82, 86, 87, 98
Mode
Formula:
Grouped Data
Mode
We have different types of Modes:
1. Unimodal: A dataset is unimodal if it has only one mode, meaning there is
one value that occurs more frequently than any other. Most datasets
encountered in practice are unimodal.
2. Bimodal: A dataset is bimodal if it has two distinct modes, meaning there
are two values that occur with the highest frequency. Bimodal
distributions often indicate that the data may be derived from two
different populations or processes.
3. Multimodal: A dataset is multimodal if it has more than two modes,
meaning there are multiple values that occur with the highest frequency.
Multimodal distributions can arise from complex data generating
processes or mixtures of different distributions.
Mode
The mode is the most frequent score in our
data set. On a histogram or bar chart it
represents the highest bar. If is a score of the
number of times an option is chosen in a
multiple choice test You can, therefore,
sometimes consider the mode as being the
most popular option.
Mode
Study the score distribution given below

14 35 45 55 55 56 56 65 87 89
Mode
Study the score distribution given below

14 35 45 55 55 56 56 65 87 89
There are two most frequent scores 55 and 56.
So we have a score distribution with two
modes, hence a bimodal distribution.
Ungrouped data
Practice more!
71, 87, 77, 91, 89, 99, 82, 86, 87, 98
Grouped DatA
Mean
Median

146.75
Mode
Measure of Central
Tendency In Excel
In Excel, you can find the mean, median, and mode using built-in
functions. Here's how you can do it:

Mean (Average): To find the mean of a set of


numbers in Excel, you can use the AVERAGE
function.
Median: To find the median of a set of numbers
in Excel, you can use the MEDIAN function.
Mode: To find the mode of a set of numbers in
Excel, you can use the MODE function.
Assessment
Assessment
Word pool: Choose the correct answer In the word
pool below.
Measure of Central Tendency Median Mode Mean

1. Refers to the center of a distribution of


observations.
2. The midpoint of a score distribution
3. Highest frequency in the set of data.
4. The average of scores
Assessment
Solve the mean, median and mode.
(2 points each)

35, 45, 45, 40, 32, 44, 50, 41, 33, 42


Pagod na ako mga teh!

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