Measure of Central Tendency
Measure of Central Tendency
Measure of Central Tendency
Review
4 Pics 1 Word
4 Pics 1 Word
4 Pics 1 Word
Average
4 Pics 1 Word
4 Pics 1 Word
Middle
4 Pics 1 Word
4 Pics 1 Word
Common
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Assessment in Learning 1
Measures of Central
Tendency
By: Edrian R. Galang
learning Objectives
Grouped Data
Ungrouped Data
Grouped Data
Where:
= Mean
= The sum of the scores
= The total number of scores
mean
It is also known as Average or Arithmetic
mean.
Most popular and most well known measures
of central tendency.
The mean is equal to the sum of all values in
the data set divided by the number of values
in the data set.
mean
For Example, 10 students in a Graduate
School class got the following set of scores in
a 100 - item test:
70, 72,75, 77, 78, 80, 84, 87, 90, 92
Ungrouped Data
Practice more!
71, 87, 77, 91, 89, 99, 82, 86, 87, 98
mean
The mean, therefore, is 805/10 equals 80.5.
80.5 is the average score of the group.
There are 6 scores below the average score
(Mean) of the group (70, 72, 75, 77, 78 and
80) and there are 4 scores above the average
score (mean) of the group (84, 87, 90 and 92).
When no to use the mean
The mean has one main disadvantage. It is
particularly susceptible to the influence of
outliers.
These are values that are unusual compares
to the rest of the data set by being especially
small or large in numerical value.
When no to use the mean
For example, consider the scores of 10 Grade
12 students in a 100-item Statistics test
below:
Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 38 56 60 67 70 73 78 79 95
When no to use the mean
The mean score for these ten Grade 12
students is 62.1 However , inspecting the raw
data suggests that this mean may not be the
best way to accurately reflect the score of the
typical Grade 12 student., as most students
have score in the 5 to 95 range.
The mean is being skewed by the extremely
low and extremely high scores.
When no to use the mean
Formula
Median
Formula:
Ungrouped Data
Median
Suppose we have the following data:
65 55 89 56 35 14 56 55 87 45 92
Median
Suppose we have the following data:
14 35 45 55 55 56 56 65 87 89 92
Our median is the score at the middle of
the distribution. In this case, 56. It is the
middle score.
Median
Suppose we have the following data:
14 35 45 55 55 56 56 65 87 89 92
There are 5 scores before it and 5 scores after
it. This works when you have an odd number
of scores, but what happens when you have
an even number of scores?
Median
What if you had 10 scores like the scores below?
65 55 89 56 35 14 56 55 87 45
Median
What if you had 10 scores like the scores below?
65 55 89 56 35 14 56 55 87 45
Arrange that data to order of magnitude
(smallest to largest). Then take the middle
two scores and compute the average of the
two scores.
Ungrouped data
Practice more!
71, 87, 77, 91, 89, 99, 82, 86, 87, 98
Mode
Formula:
Grouped Data
Mode
We have different types of Modes:
1. Unimodal: A dataset is unimodal if it has only one mode, meaning there is
one value that occurs more frequently than any other. Most datasets
encountered in practice are unimodal.
2. Bimodal: A dataset is bimodal if it has two distinct modes, meaning there
are two values that occur with the highest frequency. Bimodal
distributions often indicate that the data may be derived from two
different populations or processes.
3. Multimodal: A dataset is multimodal if it has more than two modes,
meaning there are multiple values that occur with the highest frequency.
Multimodal distributions can arise from complex data generating
processes or mixtures of different distributions.
Mode
The mode is the most frequent score in our
data set. On a histogram or bar chart it
represents the highest bar. If is a score of the
number of times an option is chosen in a
multiple choice test You can, therefore,
sometimes consider the mode as being the
most popular option.
Mode
Study the score distribution given below
14 35 45 55 55 56 56 65 87 89
Mode
Study the score distribution given below
14 35 45 55 55 56 56 65 87 89
There are two most frequent scores 55 and 56.
So we have a score distribution with two
modes, hence a bimodal distribution.
Ungrouped data
Practice more!
71, 87, 77, 91, 89, 99, 82, 86, 87, 98
Grouped DatA
Mean
Median
146.75
Mode
Measure of Central
Tendency In Excel
In Excel, you can find the mean, median, and mode using built-in
functions. Here's how you can do it: