SPV1040

Datasheet

High efficiency solar battery charger with embedded MPPT

Features
• 0.3 V to 5.5 V operating input voltage
• 140 mΩ internal synchronous rectifier
• 120 mΩ internal power active switch
• 100 kHz fixed PWM frequency
• Duty cycle controlled by MPPT algorithm
• Output voltage regulation, overcurrent and overtemperature protection
• Input source reverse polarity protection
• Built-in soft-start
• Up to 95% efficiency
• TSSOP8 package 3x4.4 mm

Applications
• Smart phones and GPS systems
• Wireless headsets
• Small appliances, sensors
• Portable media players
• Digital still cameras
• Toys and portable healthcare

Product status link Description

SPV1040 The SPV1040 device is a low power, low voltage, monolithic step-up converter with
an input voltage range from 0.3 V to 5.5 V, capable of maximizing the energy
Product summary generated by solar cells (or fuel cells), where low input voltage handling capability is
extremely important. Thanks to the embedded MPPT algorithm, even under varying
Order code SPV1040T
environmental conditions (such as irradiation, dirt, temperature) the SPV1040 offers
Package TSSOP8 maximum efficiency in terms of power harvested from the cells and transferred to
Packing Tube
the output. The device employs a voltage regulation loop, which fixes the charging
battery voltage via a resistor divider.
Order code SPV1040TR
It is possible to set the maximum output current according to charging requirements
Package TSSOP8 by a sense resistor .
Packing Tape and reel The SPV1040 protects itself and other application devices by stopping the PWM
switching if either the maximum current threshold (up to 1.8 Apk) is reached or
Product label the maximum temperature limit (up to 155 °C) is exceeded. An additional built-in
feature of the SPV1040 is the input source reverse polarity protection, which prevents
damage in case of reverse connection of the solar panel on the input.

DS6991 - Rev 9 - February 2021 www.st.com

For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office.
 SPV1040
Block diagram

1 Block diagram

Figure 1. Block diagram

Lx VOUT

START SI GNAL ZERO- CROSSI NG -

DETECTOR + I CTRL_PLUS
VREF
ANALOG BLOCK
V MPP- REF
+
OVERCURRENT
XSHUT
Bur st Ref
CLOCK

OVERTEMPERATURE CONTROL -
REVERSE POLARI TY DRI VERS
I CTRL_MI NUS

CLOCK PWM
+ V MPP- REF
MPP- SET MPP BLOCK BURST MODE DI GI TAL
CORE MPP- SET
DAC CODE
-

I out Reg
GND Vin Reg + VCTRL
Vo ut Reg
VREF
-

Figure 2. Simplified application circuit

L RS VBATT
Lx VOUT

RF1
VPV XSHUT I CTRL_PLUS

GND CF RF2
I CTRL_MI NUS
R1
COUT
CIN MPP- SET VCTRL

R2

AM02612v1

In order to set up the application and simulate the related test results please go to www.st.com.

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 2/16

 SPV1040
Pin description

2 Pin description

Table 1. Pin description

Pin Name Type Description

Non-inverting input to sense

1 MPP-SET I the PV cell voltage. It cannot
be left floating.
2 GND Ground Power ground reference.
3 LX I Booster inductor connection.
4 VOUT O Booster output voltage.
Inverting input of constant
5 VCTRL I Voltage control loop. It cannot
be left floating.
Inverting input of constant
current control loop.
6 ICTRL_MINUS I
Connect to GND if not used:
cannot be left floating.
Non-inverting input of
constant current control loop.
7 ICTRL_PLUS I
Connect to GND if not used:
cannot be left floating.
Shutdown input pin: XSHUT =
low, the device in power off
mode.
8 XSHUT I XSHUT = high, the device is
enabled for operating mode.
This pin cannot be left
floating.

Figure 3. Pin connection top view

1 MPP-SET XSHUT 8

2 GND ICTRL_PLUS 7

3 LX ICTRL_MINUS 6

4 VOUT VCTRL 5

AM02613v1

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 3/16

 SPV1040
Electrical ratings

3 Electrical ratings

Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings

Symbol Parameter Value Unit

VOUT VOUT pin voltage range [-0.3, 5.5]

LX LX pin voltage range [-5.5, VOUT]
VOUT-VLX Maximum voltage drop between VOUT and LX pins [5.5]

MPP-SET Analog input [-5.5, VOUT]

VOUT-VMPP-SET Maximum voltage drop between VOUT and MPPT pins [5.5]

XSHUT Analog input [-5.5, VOUT] V

VOUT-VXSHUT Maximum voltage drop between VOUT and X-SHUT pins [5.5]

ICTRL_PLUS Analog input [-0.3, VOUT]

ICTRL_MINUS Analog input [-0.3, VOUT]
VCTRL Analog input [-0.3, VOUT]
GND Ground 0

Table 3. Thermal data

Symbol Parameter Value Unit

Rthj-amb Thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient 135 °C/W

Tjop Junction operating temperature -40 to 125 °C

Tstg Storage temperature -40 to 150 °C

Note: RthJA has been measured on a 2-layer PCB: FR4, 35 μm Cu thickness, 2.8 cm2

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 4/16

 SPV1040
Electrical characteristics

4 Electrical characteristics

VMPP-SET = 0.5 V, VCTRL = Ictrl+ = Ictrl- = GND, XSHUT = 0.5 V, TJ = -40 °C to 125 °C, unless otherwise
specified.

Table 4. Electrical characteristics

Test
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
conditions

Input source section

Low boost
VMPP-SET voltage VOUT = 3.3 V 0.4 0.45 0.50 V
threshold
ILOAD = 0 mA,
Quiescent
Iq VCTRL = 2 V, 60 80
current
VOUT = 3.3 V

VOUT = 3.3 V,
Shutdown VCTRL = 2 V, µA
ISD 0.7 5
current ILOAD = 0 mA,
XSHUT = GND

Reverse input VMPP-SET = -4

Irev 1 5
source current V, VOUT = 1.5 V

Undervoltage
lockout
VMPP-SET
threshold for 0.27 0.34
turn ON @VOUT increasing
= 3.3 V
VUVLO V
Undervoltage
lockout
VMPP-SET
threshold for 0.14 0.24
turn OFF decreasing
@VOUT = 3.3 V

Power section
N-channel
RDS(on)-N power switch 120
ON resistance
P-channel mΩ
synchronous
RDS(on)-P VCTRL = 2 V 140
rectifier ON
resistance
Control section
VOUT
MPPT-mode increasing,
VMPPT-THR 1.7 1.8 2 V
threshold VMPP-SET = 1.5
V

Output voltage VMPP-SET ≥ 1.5

VOUT 2 5.2 (1) V
range V

Maximum VMPP-SET ≥ 1.5

POUT (2) 3 W
output power V
Maximum
ILX inductor current 1.5 1.65 1.8 A
peak

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 5/16

 SPV1040
Electrical characteristics

Test
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
conditions

PWM signal
FPWM 70 100 130 kHz
frequency

Internal VCTRL VOUT ≥ 1.8 V,

VREF reference VCTRL 1.2 1.25 1.3 V
voltage increasing

Sensing current ICTRL+ - ICTRL-

VICTRL 40 50 60 mV
offset decreasing
XSHUT logic XSHUT
0.27 0.34
low increasing
XSHUT V
XSHUT logic XSHUT
0.14 0.24
High decreasing
Thermal shutdown
Overtemperatur
Temperature
e threshold for 155
increasing
turn OFF
Tshutdown °C
Overtemperatur
Temperature
e threshold for 130
decreasing
turn ON

1. According to the absolute maximum ratings the output charge voltage cannot be above 4.8 V but if a higher VOUT up to
5.2 V is needed, a Schottky diode must be placed between the Lx and VOUT pins as shown in Figure 1. In such way the
Schottky diode in parallel to the embedded P-channel MOSFET reduces the voltage drop between the VLX pin and the
VOUT pin determined by the body diode when the internal PMOS is OFF from 0.7 V down to 0.3 V.
2. Given Tj = Ta + RthJA x PD, and assuming RthJA = 135 °C/W, and that in order to avoid device destruction Tjmax must
be ≤ 125 °C, and that in the worst conditions TA = 85 °C, the power dissipated inside the device is given by: PD ≤ TJ-TA/
RthJA=295 mW. Therefore, if in the worst case the efficiency is assumed to be 90%, then PIN-MAX = 3.3 W and POUT-MAX = 3
W.

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 6/16

 SPV1040
Typical characteristics

5 Typical characteristics

Table 5. Typical Conversion Efficiency

VIN[V] PIN[W] POUT/PIN[%]

1.50 0.25 to 2.0 80% to 90%

2.00 0.25 to 2.5 80% to 95%
2.50 0.25 to 3.0 80% to 95%

Test conditions (ref to Figure 1):

10uH ≤ L ≤ 100uH (LDCR≤ 0.3Ω);
RS = 0Ω; RF1, RF2 and CF unmounted;
ICTRL+ = ICTRL-= GND

Figure 4. VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 39% Figure 5. VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 68%

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 7/16

 SPV1040
Detailed description

6 Detailed description

The SPV1040 is a monolithic, high efficiency, low voltage, self-powered DC-DC converter that operates over a
0.3 V to 5.5 V DC input voltage range and provides a single output voltage. The device provides regulated output
voltage and current by sensing the VCTRL feedback of the external resistor divider and the voltage drop on the
external sense resistor Rs, respectively. High efficiency is ensured by low power consumption in any working
mode and by the embedded perturb and observe MPPT algorithm. The SPV1040 guarantees its own safety and
application safety by stopping the N-channel power switch in case of overcurrent or overtemperature conditions.

6.1 Soft-start
In order to guarantee the power-up even when VOUT is very low (battery completely discharged), a proper
start-up strategy has been implemented. Taking into account that the device is powered by the VOUT voltage,
If VOUT is lower than 0.8 V, the device moves from power off to soft-start mode and the current flows from the
input to output through the intrinsic body diode of the synchronous rectifier. In this condition VOUT follows the LX
voltage. The IC exits start-up mode when VOUT reaches 0.8 V.

6.2 Start-up mode

When VOUT goes above 0.8 V but it is still lower than 2 V, a proper biasing of both MOSFETs is not guaranteed
yet. In such conditions, the N-channel power switch is forced ON with a fixed duty cycle and the energy
is transferred to the load via the intrinsic body diode of the P-channel synchronous switch. If the shutdown
overcurrent limit is exceeded, the power switch is immediately turned OFF. The SPV1040 leaves start-up mode as
soon as VOUT goes above 2 V.

6.3 MPPT mode

Once the device has exited start-up mode, the SPV1040 enters MPPT mode to search for the maximum power
point. The perturb and observe algorithm is based on monitoring either the voltage or the current supplied by the
DC power source unit so that the PWM signal duty cycle is increased or decreased step-by-step according to the
input power trend. Refer to Figure 6 , which illustrates the MPPT working principle.

6.4 Constant voltage regulation

The constant voltage control loop consists of an internal voltage reference, an op-amp and an external resistor
divider that senses the battery voltage and fixes the voltage regulation set-point at the value specified by the user.

6.5 Constant current regulation

The constant current control loop consists of an op-amp and an external sense resistor that feeds the current
sensing circuit with a voltage proportional to the DC output current. This resistor determines the current regulation
set-point and must be adequately rated in terms of power dissipation. It provides the capability to fix the maximum
output current to protect the battery.

6.6 Overcurrent protection (OVC)

When the current that flows through the inductor reaches 1.8 A (overcurrent shutdown limit), the N-channel power
switch is immediately forced OFF and the P-channel synchronous rectifier is switched ON. Once the overcurrent
condition has expired (the inductor current goes below 1.8 Apk) the N-channel power switch is turned back ON.

6.7 Overtemperature protection

When the temperature sensed at silicon level reaches 155 °C (overtemperature shutdown limit), the N-channel
power switch is immediately forced OFF and the P-channel synchronous rectifier is switched ON. The device
becomes operative again as soon as the silicon temperature goes below 130 °C.

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 8/16

 SPV1040
Shutdown mode

6.8 Shutdown mode

The XSHUT pin low shuts OFF all internal circuitry, achieving the lowest power consumption mode.

6.9 Undervoltage lockout

In order to prevent batteries from over-discharging, the device turns OFF in case of MPPSET voltage is lower
than 0.24 V (no irradiation). A hysteresis has been implemented to avoid unpredictable ON-OFF switching.

6.10 Reverse polarity

In order to avoid damage to the device and battery discharge when the solar panel connection is reverse-inserted,
a dedicated protection circuit has been implemented. In such condition, the SPV1040 stays OFF until the panel is
inserted correctly.

Figure 6. MPPT working principle

6.11 Burst mode

When the output voltage reaches the battery charge voltage, the MPP-SET voltage drops below 450 mV, or
the output current reaches the output maximum current limit, the duty cycle D drops down to 10% and the
device evolves from operating mode to burst mode. The converter no longer works at constant frequency, but at
frequencies gradually lower (1 TON over 1 PWM cycle, 1 TON over 2 PWM cycles, …,1 TON over 16 PWM cycles)
prior to entering sleep-in mode.

6.12 Sleep-in mode

Once sleep-in mode has been entered, no current is provided to the load. The device exits this mode once the
cause, which forced it into this state, is no longer present.

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 9/16

 SPV1040
Package information

7 Package information

In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK® specifications, grade definitions
and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK® is an ST trademark.

7.1 TSSOP8 package information

Figure 7. TSSOP8 package outline

Table 6. TSSOP8 package mechanical data

mm
Dim.
Min. Typ. Max.

A 1.20
A1 0.05 0.15
A2 0.80 1.00 1.05
b 0.19 0.30
c 0.09 0.20
D 2.90 3.00 3.10
E 6.20 6.40 6.60
E1 4.30 4.40 4.50

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 10/16

 SPV1040
TSSOP8 packing information

mm
Dim.
Min. Typ. Max.

e 0.65
L 0.45 0.60 0.75
L1 1.00
L2 0.25
k 0 8
aaa 0.10

Note: Dimensions D does not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions do not exceed 0.15 mm per
side.
Dimension E1 does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash or protrusions do not exceed 0.25
mm per side.

7.2 TSSOP8 packing information

Figure 8. TSSOP8 carrier tape outline

Figure 9. TSSOP8 reel outline

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 11/16

 SPV1040

Revision history

Table 7. Document revision history

Date Revision Changes

08-Oct-2010 1 First release.

06-Apr-2011 2 Updated the cover page, DFN8 information deleted, Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Chapter 6.
– Updated Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 2 and Table 5
04-Oct-2011 3
– Minor text changes.
25-Jul-2012 4 Updated Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9.
21-Mar-2013 5 Updated Figure 1 and note 1 in Table 5.
26-Sep-2016 6 Added Section 7.2 : "Packing information".
06-Feb-2017 7 Update TSSOP8 package information.
17-Jan-2020 8 Figures from 4 to 9 replaced by Table 5; minor text changes.
2-Feb-2021 9 Updated Table 1. Pin description and Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 12/16

 SPV1040
Contents

Contents
1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
3 Electrical ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
4 Electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 Typical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6 Detailed description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
6.1 Soft-start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.2 Start-up mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.3 MPPT mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.4 Constant voltage regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.5 Constant current regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.6 Overcurrent protection (OVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.7 Overtemperature protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.8 Shutdown mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.9 Undervoltage lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.10 Reverse polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.11 Burst mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.12 Sleep-in mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7 Package information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

7.1 TSSOP8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.2 TSSOP8 packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
List of figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 13/16

 SPV1040
List of tables

List of tables
Table 1. Pin description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 3. Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 4. Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 5. Typical Conversion Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 6. TSSOP8 package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 7. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 14/16

 SPV1040
List of figures

List of figures
Figure 1. Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Figure 2. Simplified application circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Figure 3. Pin connection top view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 4. VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 39% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 5. VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 68% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 6. MPPT working principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 7. TSSOP8 package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 8. TSSOP8 carrier tape outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 9. TSSOP8 reel outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

DS6991 - Rev 9 page 15/16

 SPV1040

IMPORTANT NOTICE – PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

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Information in this document supersedes and replaces information previously supplied in any prior versions of this document.
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DS6991 - Rev 9 page 16/16