Chapter 5

Exercise 5A
1.

dy
dx

= 2(4x21 ) = 8x

2.

dy
dx

= 2(3x21 ) + 1(7x11 ) = 6x + 7

3.

dy
dx

= 1(12x0 ) 3(5x2 ) = 12 15x2

4.

d
3
dx (6x )

5.

d
3
dx (6x

6.

d
3
dx (3x x+1)

16. This question as it stands would be simplest done

using the Chain Rule (see the following section
in the text). To answer it using only the product
rule there are a couple of approaches that could
be used. The simplest, and the one appropriate
at this stage of learning, is to first simplify and
expand the square factor.

= 3(6x31 ) = 18x2

y = (x + 3)(x 2x + 1)2

+ 3) = 3(6x31 ) + 0 = 18x2

= (x + 3)(x + 1)2

= 3(3x31 )1(x11 )+0 = 9x2 1

= (x + 3)(x2 2x + 1)

7. f (x) = 0

dy
= 1(x2 2x + 1) + (2x 2)(x + 3)
dx
= x2 2x + 1 + 2x2 + 6x 2x 6

8. f 0 (x) = 2x 3(4x2 ) + 1 = 2x 12x2 + 1

9. f 0 (x) = 0 + 1 + 2x + 3x2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2
10.

11.

= 3x2 + 2x 5

dy
d
d
= (x 2) (x + 5) + (x + 5) (x 2)
dx
dx
dx
= (x 2) + (x + 5)
= 2x + 3

at x = 2,
dy
= 3(2)2 + 2(2) 5
dx
= 12 + 4 5

d
d
dy
= (2x + 3) (3x + 1) + (3x + 1) (2x + 3)
dx
dx
dx
= 3(2x + 3) + 2(3x + 1)

= 11
dy
= 4x
dx
4x = 8

17.

= 6x + 9 + 6x + 2
= 12x + 11

x = 2
12.

dy
d
d
= (x2 5) (x + 7) + (x + 7) (x2 5)
dx
dx
dx
= (x2 5) + 2x(x + 7)

y = 2x2
= 2(2)2
=8

= x2 5 + 2x2 + 14x

The curve has a gradient of 8 at (2, 8).

= 3x2 + 14x 5
13.
at x = 2,

14.
at x = 1,

15.

dy
= 3x2 7
dx
3x2 7 = 5

18.

dy
= 6x
dx
dy
=62
dx
= 12

3x2 = 12
x2 = 4
x = 2

dy
= 6x2
dx
dy
= 6(1)2
dx
=6

At x = 2
y = (2)3 7(2)
= 8 14
= 6

dy
= 1(x2 1) + 2x(x 2)
dx
= x2 1 + 2x2 4x

At x = 2

= 3x2 4x 1

y = (2)3 7(2)

at x = 3,
dy
= 3(32 ) 4(3) 1
dx
= 27 12 1
= 14

= 8 + 14
=6
The curve has a gradient of 5 at (2, 6) and
(2, 6)
1

Exercise 5A
19.

dy
dx

dy
= 2x. At x = 2, dx
= 2 2 = 4. The
equation of the tangent line (using the gradientpoint form for the equation of a line):

For x = 1,
y = x3 3x2 4x + 1
= 1 3 + 4 + 1

(y y1 ) = m(x x1 )

=1

y 4 = 4(x 2)

The curve has the same gradient as the line at

(3, 11) and at (1, 1).

y = 4(x + 2) + 4
= 4x 8 + 4

24. For f(x) = x1 :

= 4x 4
20.

dy
dx

dy
= 5 3x2 . At x = 1, dx
= 5 3(1)2 = 2. The
equation of the tangent line is:

f 0 (x) = lim

h0

= lim

(y y1 ) = m(x x1 )

= lim

y = 2(x 1) + 4

x
x(x+h)

= lim

= 2x + 2

= lim

x+h
x(x+h)

x(x+h)
x(x+h)

h0

21. (a) f 0 (x) = 3 6x2

h0

= 2x 2 + 4

h
x(x+h)

h
1
= lim
h0 x(x + h)
1
= 2
x
h0

(b) f 0 (2) = 3 6(2)2 = 3 24 = 21

d
5
dx (x )

h0

y 4 = 2(x 1)

22. We expect

f(x + h) f(x)
h
1
1

x+h
x

= 5x4 .

d
((x2 )(x3 )) = 2x(x3 ) + 3x2 (x2 )
dx
= 2x4 + 3x4

This confirms that

For f(x) = x:

= 5x4

dy
dx

f(x + h) f(x)
h0
h

x+h x
= lim
h0
h


x+h x
x+h+ x

= lim

h0
h
x+h+ x
(x + h) x
= lim

h0 h( x + h +
x)
h
= lim

h0 h( x + h +
x)
1
= lim

h0
x+h+ x
1

=
x+ x
1
=
2 x

= 5:

3x2 6x 4 = 5
3x2 6x 9 = 0
3(x 3)(x + 1) = 0
x=3
or

= x12 .

f 0 (x) = lim

23. The gradient of the line is 5. The gradient of the

curve is
dy
= 3x2 6x 4
dx
so the xcoordinate is the solution to

d 1
dx x

x = 1

For x = 3,
y = x3 3x2 4x + 1
= 27 27 12 + 1
= 11

This confirms that

d
dx x

.
2 x

Exercise 5B

Exercise 5B
1.

u = 2x

8.

v =x1
v du u dv
d 2x
= dx 2 dx
dx x 1
v
2(x 1) 1(2x)
=
(x 1)2
2x 2 2x
= 2
x 2x + 1
2
= 2
x 2x + 1

2.

3.

4.

9.

d 5x
5(2x 3) 2(5x)
=
dx 2x 3
(2x 3)2
10x 15 10x
=
(2x 3)2
15
=
(2x 3)2
10.

d 3x
3(2x 1) 2(3x)
=
dx 2x 1
(2x 1)2
6x 3 6x
=
(2x 1)2
3
=
(2x 1)2

3(x2 1) 2x(3x)
d 3x
=
dx x2 1
(x2 1)2
2
3x 3 6x2
=
(x2 1)2
3x2 3
= 2
(x 1)2
3x2 + 3
= 2
(x 1)2
d 3x 4
3(3x2 + 1) 6x(3x 4)
=
2
dx 3x + 1
(3x2 + 1)2
9x2 + 3 18x2 + 24x
=
(3x2 + 1)2
9x2 + 3 + 24x
=
(3x2 + 1)2
3(3x2 8x 1)
=
(3x2 + 1)2
dy
dy du
=
dx
du dx
= 5(6x 2)
= 30x 10

11.

dp ds
dp
=
dt
ds dt
= 10s 2
= 20(3 2t)

d 3x
3(1 5x) 5(3x)
=
dx 1 5x
(1 5x)2
3 15x + 15x
=
(1 5x)2
3
=
(1 5x)2

= 40t 60
12.

dy
dy du dp
=
dx
du dp dx
= (6u)(2)(2)
= 24u
= 24(2p 1)

5.

6.

7.

d 5x + 2
5(2x 1) 2(5x + 2)
=
dx 2x 1
(2x 1)2
10x 5 10x 4)
=
(2x 1)2
9
=
(2x 1)2

= 48p 24
= 48(2x + 1) 24
= 96x + 24
13.

u = 2x + 3
y = u3
dy du
dy
=
dx
du dx
= (3u2 )(2)

d x6
1(5 2x) 2(x 6)
=
dx 5 2x
(5 2x)2
5 2x + 2x 12
=
(5 2x)2
7
=
(5 2x)2

= 6(2x + 3)2
14.

u = 5 3x
y = u5
dy
dy du
=
dx
du dx
= (5u4 )(3)

d 7 3x
3(5 + 2x) 2(7 3x)
=
dx 5 + 2x
(5 + 2x)2
15 6x 14 + 6x
=
(5 + 2x)2
29
=
(5 + 2x)2

= 15(5 3x)4
15.

f 0 (x) = 4(3x + 5)3 (3)

= 12(3x + 5)3

Exercise 5B
f 0 (x) = 4(x + 5)3 (1)

16.

26.

= 4(x + 5)3
17.

= 24x(3x2 1)3

f 0 (x) = 7(2x + 3)6 (2)

= 14(2x + 3)6

18.

27.

f (x) = 3(5x + 2) (10x)

d
(2x2 3x + 1)
dx
= 3(2x2 3x + 1)2 (4x 3)

f 0 (x) = 3(1 2x)2 (2)

= 3(4x 3)(2x2 3x + 1)2

= 6(1 2x)2
20.

28. The quotient rule might seem the obvious approach to this one, but its easier to simplify before differentiating:

f 0 (x) = 5 + 5(4x + 1)4 (4)

= 5 + 20(4x + 1)4

21.

d
(2x2 3x + 1)3
dx
= 3(2x2 3x + 1)2

= 30x(5x2 + 2)2
19.

d
d
(3x2 1)4 = 4(3x2 1)3 (3x2 1)
dx
dx
= 4(3x2 1)3 (6x)

d
d
dy
= (x 3)5 (x2 ) + x2 (x 3)5
dx
dx
dx
= 2x(x 3)5 + x2 (5(x 3)4 )

d x3 + 5x
d 2
=
(x + 5)
dx
x
dx
= 2x

= 2x(x 3)(x 3)4 + 5x2 (x 3)4

Does the quotient rule give the same answer?

= (2x2 6x)(x 3)4 + 5x2 (x 3)4

= (7x2 6x)(x 3)4
22.

d
x d (x3 + 5x) (x3 + 5x) dx
(x)
d x3 + 5x
= dx
2
dx
x
x
x(3x2 + 5) (x3 + 5x)
=
x2
3x3 + 5x x3 5x
=
x2
3
2x
= 2
x
= 2x

d
d
dy
= (x + 1)3 (3x) + 3x (x + 1)3
dx
dx
dx
= 3(x + 1)3 + 3x(3(x + 1)2 )
= 3((x + 1)(x + 1)2 + 3x(x + 1)2 )
= 3(4x + 1)(x + 1)2

23.

d
dy
d
= (x2 + 3)4 (2x) + 2x (x2 + 3)4
dx
dx
dx
= 2(x2 + 3)4 + 2x(4(x2 + 3)3 (2x))
= 2(x2 + 3)4 + 16x2 (x2 + 3)3

29.

= 2(x2 + 3)(x2 + 3)3 + 16x2 (x2 + 3)3

= (2x2 + 6 + 16x2 )(x2 + 3)3
= 6(3x2 + 1)(x2 + 3)3
24.

d
((5x 1)(x + 5))
dx
d
d
= (x + 5) (5x 1) + (5x 1) (x + 5)
dx
dx
= 5(x + 5) + (5x 1)

(This would be simpler if you realised that

x2 +4x+3
= (x+3)(x+1)
then simplify before difx+1
x+1
ferentiating.)

= 5x + 25 + 5x 1
= 10x + 24
25.

d x2 + 4x + 3
dx
x+1
d
d
(x + 1) dx
(x2 + 4x + 3) (x2 + 4x + 3) dx
(x + 1)
=
(x + 1)2
(x + 1)(2x + 4) (x2 + 4x + 3)
=
(x + 1)2
2
2x + 4x + 2x + 4 x2 4x 3
=
(x + 1)2
2
x + 2x + 1
= 2
x + 2x + 1
=1

d 2x + 3
dx 3x + 2
d
d
(3x + 2) dx
(2x + 3) (2x + 3) dx
(3x + 2)
=
2
(3x + 2)
2(3x + 2) 3(2x + 3)
=
(3x + 2)2
6x + 4 6x 9
=
(3x + 2)2
5
=
(3x + 2)2

30.

dy
= 4(5 2x)3 (2)
dx
= 8(5 2x)3
At x = 2 this evaluates to
dy
= 8(5 2(2))3
dx
= 8(1)3
= 8

Exercise 5B

31.

dy
4(x 3) 4x
=
dx
(x 3)2
4x 12 4x
=
(x 3)2
12
=
(x 3)2
At x = 5 this evaluates to

The gradient function of the curve is

y0 =

At x = 1.5 this evaluates to

(1.5 1)(10)(1.5) (5(1.5)2 )(1)
(1.5 1)2
37.5 11.25
=
(2.5)2
26.25
=
6.25
105
=
25
= 4.2

y0 =

dy
12
=
dx
((5) 3)2
12
= 2
2
= 3
32.

(x 1)(10x) (5x2 )(1)

(x 1)2 )

7x6 (x2 ) 2x(x7 )

dy
=
dx
(x2 )2
7x8 2x8
=
x4
8
5x
= 4
x
= 5x4

35. The gradient function is

(x 2)(2x) (x2 )(1)
(x 2)2
2
2x 4x x2
=
(x 2)2
2
x 4x
=
(x 2)2

y0 =

(just as expected.)
33. The gradient function is
y 0 = 3(2x 5)2 (2)

At x = 3 this evaluates to

= 6(2x 5)2

32 4 3
(3 2)2
= 3

y0 =

and at x = 2 this evaluates to

y 0 = 6(2(2) 5)2
= 6(1)2

The gradient m of the normal is given by

=6
3m = 1
1
m=
3

The gradient-point form for the equation of a

line:

Then using the gradient-point form to find the

equation of the normal

(y y1 ) = m(x x1 )
y (1) = 6(x 2)
y + 1 = 6x 12

(y y1 ) = m(x x1 )
1
y 9 = (x 3)
3
x
y = +8
3

y = 6x 13
34. Where the curve and line intersect,
5x2
= 5x + 3
x1
5x2 = (x 1)(5x + 3)

36. The gradient function is

y 0 = (2x 5)3 (2) + (2x 1)(3(2x 5)2 (2))

= 5x2 + 3x 5x 3

= 2(2x 5)3 + 6(2x 1)(2x 5)2

0 = 2x 3
2x = 3

Factorising:

x = 1.5
y 0 = 2(2x 5)2 ((2x 5) + 3(2x 1))

y = 5x + 3
= 5(1.5) + 3

= 2(2x 5)2 (2x 5 + 6x 3)

= 4.5

= 2(2x 5)2 (8x 8)

= 16(2x 5)2 (x 1)

The line and curve intersect at (1.5, 4.5).

5

Exercise 5B
Thus the gradient is zero where

equation of the curve:

5(3) 7
2(3) + 10
22
=
4
= 5.5

a=

2x 5 = 0
x = 2.5
or x 1 = 0
x=1

Now b is the gradient of the tangent line

at (3, 5.5) and hence the gradient of the
curve at that point, so we can find b by substituting x = 3 into the gradient function.

Substituting these values back into the original

equation to find their corresponding y values:
y = (2(2.5) 1)(2(2.5) 5)3

(2x + 10)(5) (5x 7)(2)

(2x + 10)2
10x + 50 10x + 14
=
(2x + 10)2
64
=
(2x + 10)2
64
b=
(2(3) + 10)2
64
= 2
4
=4

y0 =

= 4 03
=0
or y = (2(1) 1)(2(1) 5)3
= 1 (3)3
= 27
The gradient of the curve is zero at (2.5, 0) and
at (1, 27).
37. The gradient function is
y0 =
=
=
=
=

The equation of the tangent line is

(2x + 1)(2x + 2) (x2 + 2x + 3)(2)

(2x + 1)2
(4x2 + 4x + 2x + 2) (2x2 + 4x + 6)
(2x + 1)2
2x2 + 2x 4
(2x + 1)2
2(x2 + x 2)
(2x + 1)2
2(x + 2)(x 1)
(2x + 1)2

y y1 = m(x x1 )
y a = b(x 3)
y 5.5 = 4(x + 3)
y + 5.5 = 4x + 12
y = 4x + 6.5
hence c = 6.5.
(b) Solve y 0 = b = 4 (already knowing that
x = 3 is one solution):
y0 = 4
64
=4
(2x + 10)2
16
=1
(2x + 10)2

Thus the gradient is zero where

x+2=0
x = 2

16 = (2x + 10)2

or x 1 = 0

2x + 10 = 4

x=1

2x = 10 4
x = 5 2

Substituting these values back into the original

equation to find their corresponding y values:

x = 7
or

(2)2 + 2(2) + 3
y=
2(2) + 1
= 1

x = 3

Substituting x = 7 into the original equation:

5(7) 7
2(7) + 10
42
=
4
= 10.5

(1)2 + 2(1) + 3
or y =
2(1) + 1
=2

y=

The gradient of the curve is zero at (2, 1) and

at (1, 2).

The other point where the tangent to the

curve is parallel to y = bx + 3 has coordinates (7, 10.5).

38. (a) First, find a by substituting x = 3 into the

6

Exercise 5B
39. (a) First, find a by substituting x = 3 and
y 0 = 2 into the gradient equation and solving. (Remember, a is a constant, so its derivative is zero.)

Substituting x = 8 and a = 8 into the original equation:

8 6(8)
2(8) 11
40
=
5
= 8

y=

(2x 11)(6) (a 6x)(2)

(2x 11)2
12x + 66 2a + 12x
=
(2x 11)2
66 2a
=
(2x 11)2
66 2a
2=
(2(3) 11)2
66 2a
2=
(5)2
66 2a
2=
25
66 2a = 50
y0 =

The other point where the curve has a gradient of 2 is at (8, 8).
40. From the first curve:
y 0 = (2x 3)3 (1) + (x + 1)(3(2x 3)2 (2))
= (2x 3)3 + 6(x + 1)(2x 3)2
= (2x 3)2 (2x 3 + 6x + 6)
= (2x 3)2 (8x + 3)

2a = 16

At x = 2:

a=8
c = (2(2) 3)2 (8(2) + 3)
Now substitute this and x = 3 into the original equation to find b:

= 19
Thus the gradient of all three curves at x = 2 is
19.

8 6(3)
b=
2(3) 11
10
=
5
=2

From the second curve:

y 0 = 6x (a(x 1)2 )
a
= 6x +
(x 1)2

(b) Solve y 0 = 2 (already knowing that x = 3 is

one solution):

At x = 2:
19 = 6(2) +

y =2
66 2a
=2
(2x 11)2

= 12 + a
a=7
From the third curve:

Substituting a = 8:

(4 x)(b) (bx + 12)(1)

(4 x)2
4b bx + bx + 12
=
(4 x)2
4b + 12
=
(4 x)2

y0 =

50
=2
(2x 11)2
25
=1
(2x 11)2
25 = (2x 11)2
2x 11 = 5

At x = 2:

2x = 11 5
2x = 16

4b + 12
(4 2)2
=b+3

19 =

x=8
or

a
(2 1)2

2x = 6
x=3

b = 16

Miscellaneous Exercise 5

Miscellaneous Exercise 5
1. (a) Use the null factor law to give x = 3 or
x = 7.
(b)
2x 5 = 0
or 4x + 1 = 0

cosine is positive in the 1st and 4th quadrants

2x = 5
4x = 1
x = 2.5
x = 0.25
(c) First factorise then use the null factor law:

or

4. (a) O is the midpoint of AB, so it has coordinates:



1 + 9 2 + 4
,
= (5, 1)
2
2

(x 4)(x + 3) = 0
x=4
or x = 3
(d)

3
5
=
3

(x + 7)(x 2) = 0
x = 7

(b) The radius is the distance OA:

or x = 2
(e)

r=

5(x + x 12) = 0
5(x + 4)(x 3) = 0

(1 5)2 + (2 1)2 = 5

(c) The vector equation of a circle radius 5 centred at (5, 1) is

x = 4
or x = 3
(f)






5
=5
r

1 

4(x + 9x 10) = 0
4(x + 10)(x 1) = 0
x = 10

5. If the equation is not to have complex solutions,

b2 4ac must be non-negative:

or x = 1
2. LHS:

(q)2 4(4)(3) 0

cos sin
cos sin cos sin
=

cos + sin
cos + sin cos sin
cos2 2 sin cos + sin2
=
cos2 sin2
1 2 sin cos
=
cos2 sin2
1 sin 2
=
cos 2

q 2 48 0

or
6. (a)

(b)

3. From the null factor law, using the first factor:

zw = (5 + 2i)(3i)
= 15i + 6

6 + 25 sin = 0

= 6 + 15i

6
25
= 0.24

sin =

(c)
(d)

z = 5 2i
zw
= (5 2i)(3i)
= 15i + 6

sine is negative in the 3rd and 4th quadrants

= 6 15i

13

(e)

14
=
13

or

z + w = 5 + 2i + 3i
= 5 i

=+

q 2 48

q4 3

q 4 3

z 2 = (5 + 2i)2
= 25 20i 4
= 21 20i

= 2
13
25
=
13

(f)

(zw)2 = (6 + 15i)2
= 36 + 180i 225
= 189 + 180i

using the second factor:

(g)
1 2 cos = 0

p = Re(
z ) + Im(w)i

= Re(z) Im(w)i

cos = 0.5

= 5 + 3i
8

Miscellaneous Exercise 5
7. Let z = a + bi

From the second factor:

5z z = 8 + 12i

sin x + 1 = 0

5(a + bi) (a bi) = 8 + 12i

sin x = 1
3

x=
; or
2
2

4a + 6bi = 8 + 12i
a = 2
b=2

10. The displacement vector from ship to yacht is

z = 2 + 2i

YACHT rSHIP

(x + iy)2 = 96 40i

8.

= rYACHT rSHIP
= (9i + 8j) (10i + 5j)

x2 + 2xyi y 2 = 96 40i

= (i + 3j)km

From the imaginary components:

The velocity of the ship relative to the yacht is

2xy = 40
20
y=
x

SHIP vYACHT

= vSHIP vYACHT
= (8i + 7j) (12i 5j)
= (4i + 12j)km/h

From the real components:

Since YACHT rSHIP = 0.25SHIP vYACHT , the ships
will collide in a quarter of an hour, i.e. at 9:15am.

x2 y 2 = 96
20
x2 ( )2 = 96
x
400
x2 2 = 96
x
4
x 400 = 96x2

The position of the collision is

r = (10i + 5j) + 0.25(8i + 7j)
= (12i + 6.75j)km

x4 96x2 400 = 0
2

11. (a) The conjugate of w has the same real component and the opposite imaginary component: its a reflection in the xaxis. Diagram B.

(x 100)(x + 4) = 0
The second factor has no real solutions, so we
can disregard it and focus on the first.

(b) If z + w is real, then they must have opposite imaginary components. This is true for
diagrams B and D.

x2 100 = 0
x2 = 100
x = 10
20
y=
10
= 2

(c) If zw is real then Re(z) Im(w) + Im(z)

Re(w) = 0 (since the other terms that arise
from the multiplication are real).
Re(z) Im(w) + Im(z) Re(w) = 0
Re(z) Im(w) = Im(z) Re(w)
Im(w)
Im(z)
=
Re(w)
Re(z)

(x, y) is (10, 2) or (10, 2)

9. (a)

(2y 1)(y + 1) = 2y 2 + 2y y 1

On the Argand diagram this represents

points having the opposite gradient. This
is true for diagrams A, B and F.

= 2y 2 + y 1
(b)

1 + sin x = 2 cos2 x
= 2(1 sin2 x)

(d) Numbers with an imaginary part of 1 are

shown in diagrams A and C.

= 2 2 sin2 x
2 sin2 x + sin x 1 = 0

(e) Numbers having the absolute value of their

imaginary part equal to 1 are shown in diagrams A, B, C and D.

(2 sin x 1)(sin x + 1) = 0
From the first factor:

(f) Since w has a positive imaginary component, this is no different from part (d) above:
diagrams A and C.

2 sin x 1 = 0
1
sin x =
2
5 7
11
x= ;
; ; or
6 6
6
6

(g) This results in an imaginary part equal to

Re(w) and real part equal to Im(w), i.e.
a 90 rotation. This is shown in diagram E.
9

Miscellaneous Exercise 5
(h) If we multiply wz by zz the denominator will
always be real, so wz is real if w
z is real.
This is similar to part (c) above with a similar result:

(b) Use the results from (a) to factor the expression

Re(w)
Im(
z ) + Im(w)
Re(
z) = 0

3x3 11x2 + 25x 25 = 0

Re(w) Im(z) + Im(w) Re(z) = 0

(3x 5)(x2 2x + 5) = 0

Re(w) Im(z) = Im(w) Re(z)

Im(z)
Im(w)
=
Re(z)
Re(w)
On the Argand diagram this represents
points having the opposite gradient, just as
in part (c). This is true for diagrams A, B
and F.

From the linear factor:

12. (a) The radius is 5. The centre has position

vector 7i j which corresponds to Cartesian
coordinates (7, 1).
(b) The radius is 6. |r 7i j| = |r (7i + j)|
The centre has position vector 7i + j which
corresponds to Cartesian coordinates (7, 1).

(c) The radius is 18 = 3 2. The centre is the

origin, (0, 0).

(d) The radius is 75 = 5 3. The centre is

(1, 8).
(e)
x2 + y 2 + 2x = 14y + 50

3x 5 = 0
5
x=
3

From the quadratic factor, using the quadratic formula:

x2 + y 2 + 2x 14y = 50

b2 4ac
p 2a
2 (2)2 4(1)(5)
=
2(1)

2 4 20
=
2
2 16
=
2
2 4i
=
2
= 1 2i

(x + 1)2 1 + (y 7)2 49 = 50

x=

(x + 1)2 + (y 7)2 = 100

The radius is 100 = 10. The centre is

(1, 7).
(f)
x2 + 10x + y 2 = 151 + 14y
x2 + 10x + y 2 14y = 151
(x + 5)2 25 + (y 7)2 49 = 151
(x + 5)2 + (y 7)2 = 225

The radius is 225 = 15. The centre is

(5, 7).

13. (a) 3x3 11x2 + 25x 25

= (ax b)(x2 + cx + 5)
= ax3 + acx2 + 5ax bx2 bcx 5b
= ax3 + (ac b)x2 + (5a bc)x 5b
14. (a)

From the x3 term:

a=3

dy
= 4(2x3 5)3 (6x2 )
dx
= 24x2 (2x3 5)3

From the constant term:

5b = 25
(b)

b=5
From the x2 term:

dy
= (2x + 1)3 (6x) + (3x2 + 2)(3(2x + 1)2 (2))
dx
= 6x(2x + 1)3 + 6(3x2 + 2)(2x + 1)2

ac b = 11

= 6(2x + 1)2 (x(2x + 1) + (3x2 + 2))

3c 5 = 11

= 6(2x + 1)2 (2x2 + x + 3x2 + 2)

= 6(2x + 1)2 (2x2 + x + 3x2 + 2)

3c = 6

= 6(2x + 1)2 (5x2 + x + 2)

c = 2
10

Miscellaneous Exercise 5
f (x)

15. Working left to right:

The curve begins with a small negative gradient
Gradient decreases to a minimum at the
first marked point
At the second marked point the curve is horizontal, so the gradient is zero. After this
the gradient continues to increase.
At the third point the gradient reaches its
local maximum and begins decreasing.
At the fourth point the curve is horizontal,
so the gradient is zero.
As it approaches the vertical asymptote the
gradient of the curve increases.
On the other side of the asymptote the gradient decreases to zero at the last marked
point, then increases again.

x
f 0 (x)

11