ORIENTATION AND INTRODUCTION

TO PHARMACOLOGY
Dara Sigrid F. Cabanias-Uy, MD
 EAC VISION AND MISSION

PHILOSOPHY

Emilio Aguinaldo College is a private, non-sectarian, co-educational institution of learning that fosters equal and fair opportunities of education,
the total development of our students, conscious of their national identity and their role in the global community.

VISION

Emilio Aguinaldo College envisions itself as an internationally recognized private non-sectarian academic institution rooted in the Filipino
nationalist tradition that consistently pursues the advancement and welfare of humanity.

MISSION

Emilio Aguinaldo College provides a learner-centered, injury based, and socially relevant academic community.

CORE VALUES
Virtue, Excellence and Service
 A GRADUATE of the EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE possesses the following ATTRIBUTES that truly define an
EMILIAN:

E - ffective communicator
Expresses ideas in both written and oral fluently and accurately
Respects other people’s opinions

Influences others positively

Uses sensitive language

Listens with a heart

M - orally upright individual

Exhibits the EAC core values of Virtue, Excellence and Service
Acknowledges other people’s religious affiliation
Practices equality regardless of faith, socio-economic status, gender, and culture
 I - nnovative thinker and leader
• Creates a technologically-inclined environment
• Initiates positive changes attuned to the latest trends in the academe and in the industry
• Motivates and encourages people in the attainment of the company’s VGMO

L - ife long learner

• Exhibits inquisitiveness and engages in research
• Explores and discovers potentialities
• Updates personally and professionally through continuing education
• Aligns profession to the type of job

I - nternationally-driven professional
• Participates actively in international affairs
• Maintains membership in international organizations
• Demonstrates a globally competitive spirit

A - dvocate for human welfare and the environment

• Observes CLAYGO (CLean As You GO) and waste segregation
• Protects nature through active participation in environmental activities and programs

N - ationalistic citizen
• Shows respect to our national identity and pride for our Filipino heritage
• Patronizes Philippine products and promotes local tourism

• Demonstrates sensitivity to Inidigenous People (IP) culture

Grading System: The following percentage distribution shall be followed:

PRELIM (PG) + MIDTERM (MG) + FINAL (FG) =

The following recommended periodical grade components for this course:

Class Standing: 40%

Major exams: 60%

Total: 100%

Base: 30

Passing grade: 3.00 (equivalent to 75%)

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacology is the study of The Greek word pharmakon,

drugs and their effects on life from which the term
processes. It is a fundamental pharmacology is derived,
science that sprang to the originally meant a magic charm
forefront of modern medicine for treating disease. Later,
with demonstrated success in pharmakon came to mean a
treating disease and saving lives. remedy or drug.
The first effective drugs were probably simple external
preparations, such as cool mud or a soothing leaf. The
earliest known prescriptions, dating from 2100 bce,
included salves containing the spice thyme.

2100 bce

1500 bce

By 1500 bce, Egyptian prescriptions called for castor

oil, opium, and other drugs still used today. In China,
ancient scrolls from that time listed prescriptions for
herbal medicines for more than 50 diseases.
• The goal of pharmacology is to understand the mechanisms by which drugs interact with
biologic systems to enable the rational use of effective agents in the diagnosis and
treatment of disease.
 • Nurse’s responsibility regarding medications focused on
the Five Rights of Drug Administration
APPLICATION OF
PHARMACOLOGY • give the right drug to the right patient
IN NURSING •
•
in the right dose
by the right route
• at the right time.
• More recently, a Sixth Right—right documentation.
 Role of Pharmacology in Nursing

Pharmacology in
Pharmacology in
patient
patient care
education
Application of pharmacology in patient care

Seven • preadministration assessment

• dosage and administration
aspects • evaluating and promoting therapeutic effects
• minimizing adverse effects
of drug • minimizing adverse interactions
• making PRN decisions
therapy • managing toxicity
 Drug name and therapeutic category (eg, penicillin: antibiotic)

Dosage size

Dosing schedule

Pharmacology Route and technique of administration

in patient
Expected therapeutic response and when it should develop

Nondrug measures to enhance therapeutic responses

education Duration of treatment

Method of drug storage

Symptoms of major adverse effects, and measures to minimize discomfort and harm

Major adverse drug-drug and drug-food interactions

Whom to contact in the event of therapeutic failure, severe adverse reactions, or severe adverse interactions
Complementary and Alternative Medicine

diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention which complements It comprises a confusingly large and heterogeneous array of
mainstream medicine by contributing to a common whole, by techniques, with both therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
satisfying a demand not met by orthodoxy or by diversifying the
conceptual frameworks of medicine.
 Conventional medicine is a
system in which health
professionals who hold an M.D.
(medical doctor) or D.O. (doctor
Integrative medicine is an
of osteopathy) degree treat
approach to medical care that
symptoms and diseases using
combines conventional
drugs, radiation, or surgery. It is
Complementary and alternative medicine with CAM practices
also practiced by other health
medicine (CAM) is the term for that have shown through
medical products and practices science to be safe and effective. professionals, such as nurses,
pharmacists, physician
that are not part of standard This approach often stresses
assistants, and therapists.
medical care. the patient's preferences, and it
It may also be called allopathic
attempts to address the mental,
medicine, biomedicine,
physical, and spiritual aspects of
Western, mainstream,
health.
or orthodox medicine. Some
conventional medical care
practitioners are also
practitioners of CAM.
Standard medical care is treatment that is accepted by medical
experts as a proper treatment for a certain type of disease and
that is widely used by healthcare professionals. Also called best
practice, standard of care, and standard therapy.

Complementary medicine is used along with standard medical

treatment but is not considered by itself to be standard
treatment. One example is using acupuncture to help lessen
some side effects of cancer treatment. Less research has been
done for most types of complementary medicine.

Alternative medicine is used instead of standard medical

treatment. One example is using a special diet to treat cancer
instead of cancer drugs that are prescribed by an oncologist.
Less research has been done for most types of alternative
medicine.
 Mind–body therapies

Types of Biologically based practices

Complementary
and Alternative Manipulative and body-based practices

Medicine Energy healing

Whole medical systems

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Drug Therapy

Medication The primary focus of

administration is an effective medication
essential task nurses administration by all
perform while health professionals is
providing patient care patient safety
 Drug Development and Safety

1. Phase I – new drug discovery

2. Phase II – done in people with the DISEASE

3. Phase III – safety and efficacy of the “new drug” as compared to

another drug or treatment approach
Drug
Development
and Safety
CONTROLLED
SUBSTANCES
Prescription
VS Over-The-
Counter
Drugs
END