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    Extra Enrichment

    Uploaded by

    Cindy Cai

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Extra Enrichment

    Uploaded by

    Cindy Cai
    3 views6 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    3 views6 pages

    Extra Enrichment

    Uploaded by

    Cindy Cai

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    JE.

    Maths
    Enrichment stage 1: (quadratic equation solving technique)
    1. (a) Factorise (x²– 1)²– (x + 1)²fully by using the difference of squares.
    = [(x²– 1) – (x + 1)][(x²– 1) + (x + 1)]

    = (x²– 1 – x – 1)(x²– 1 + x + 1)

    = (x²– x – 2)(x²+ x)

    = (x – 2)(x + 1)x(x + 1)

    ( x 2  1) 2 ( x  1)2
    (b) Simplify:
    x2  2 x  1
    = (x – 2)(x + 1)x(x + 1)/(x+1)²

    = (x – 2)x

    (c) Hence, solve (x²– 1)²– (x + 1)²= 0


    (x – 2)(x + 1)x(x + 1) = 0

    x = 2, -1, 0

    (d) If x2  y 2 , then x  y and x   y , use this property to solve (x²– 1)²= (x + 1)²
    x²– 1 = x + 1 x²– 1 = – (x + 1)

    x²– x – 2 = 0 x²– 1 = – x – 1

    (x – 2)(x + 1) = 0 x²+ x = 0

    x = 2, -1 x(x + 1) = 0

    x = 0, -1

    ans: x = 2, -1, 0

    1
    JE.Maths
    Enrichment stage 2: (disguised quadratic equation)

    1. Find the value(s) of x that satisfy the following equations.

    (a) 9x  3 x
    The equation only holds when x is non-negative, e.g. x ≥ 0

    (b) x2  9
    x²= 81

    x = ±9

    The equation only holds when x is ±9.

    2
    1  1
    (c) x  2   x   2

    x  x
    x²+ 1/x ²= x²+ 2 + 1 /x²

    0 = 2, which is not a valid equality

    The equation is never true, e.g. no value of x satisfies the equation.

    1 1 2x
    (d)   2
    x 3 x 3 x 9
    1/(x - 3) + 1/(x + 3) = (x + 3 + x - 3)/[(x - 3)(x + 3)]

    = 2x/(x²- 9)

    The equation holds for all real x, except for x = ±3 as the denominators can never be zero.

    2
    JE.Maths
    Enrichment stage 3: (application of quadratic equation)
    1. Given that A(x, 3) and B(1, 7) has a distance of 5 units. Find the possible value(s) of x.
    √[(x – 1)²
    +4²
    ]=5

    (x – 1)²+ 16 = 25

    x²– 2x + 1 – 9 = 0

    x²– 2x – 8 = 0

    (x – 4)(x + 2) = 0

    x = 4, -2

    n(n  3)
    2. There are diagonals in an n-side polygon. Find the name of the polygon which has
    2
    518 diagonals.
    518 = n(n-3)/2

    n²- 3n – 1 036 = 0

    use ‘factor ’ key in the calculator to find the factor of 868 : 2²


    ×7× 37

    (n-37)(n+28) = 0

    n = 37 (omit -)

    ans: 37 - side poly gon

    3. The following is a composite figure of a square and a triangle with its height 3 cm shorter than
    its base, if its total area is 459cm²,find the area of the square.
    let side of the s quare = x

    A = x²+ ½×x×(x-3)

    E
    = x²+ x(x – 3)/2 = 459

    ×2: 2x²+ x ²– 3x = 9 18

    3x²– 3 x – 918 = 0

    A D
    x²– x – 306 = 0
    F
    use ‘factor ’ key in the calculator to find the factor of 306 : 2×3²× 17

    (x – 17)(x + 18) = 0

    x = 17 (omit -)

    x²= 289

    B C
    ans: area of the square is 289 cm²

    3
    JE.Maths
    Enrichment stage 1:
    1. (a)
    = [(x²– 1) – (x + 1)][(x²– 1) + (x + 1)]
    = (x²– 1 – x – 1)(x²– 1 + x + 1)
    = (x²– x – 2)(x²+ x)
    = (x – 2)(x + 1)x(x + 1)

    (b)
    = (x – 2)(x + 1)x(x + 1)/(x+1)²
    = (x – 2)x

    (c)
    (x – 2)(x + 1)x(x + 1) = 0
    x = 2, -1, 0

    (d)
    x²– 1 = x + 1 x²– 1 = – (x + 1)
    x²– x – 2 = 0 x²– 1 = – x – 1
    (x – 2)(x + 1) = 0 x²+ x = 0
    x = 2, -1 x(x + 1) = 0
    x = 0, -1
    ans: x = 2, -1, 0

    4
    JE.Maths
    Enrichment stage 2:

    1. (a)
    The equation only holds when x is non-negative, e.g. x ≥ 0

    (b)
    x²= 81
    x = ±9
    The equation only holds when x is ±9.

    (c)
    x²+ 1/x²= x²+ 2 + 1/x²
    0 = 2, which is not a valid equality
    The equation is never true, e.g. no value of x satisfies the equation.

    (d)
    1/(x - 3) + 1/(x + 3) = (x + 3 + x - 3)/[(x - 3)(x + 3)]
    = 2x/(x²- 9)
    The equation holds for all real x, except for x = ±3 as the denominators can never be zero.

    5
    JE.Maths
    Enrichment stage 3:
    1. √[(x – 1)²+4²] = 5
    (x – 1)²+ 16 = 25
    x²– 2x + 1 – 9 = 0
    x²– 2x – 8 = 0
    (x – 4)(x + 2) = 0
    x = 4, -2

    2. 518 = n(n-3)/2
    n²- 3n – 1036 = 0
    use ‘factor’ key in the calculator to find the factor of 868: 2²×7× 37
    (n-37)(n+28) = 0
    n = 37 (omit -)
    ans: 37 - side polygon

    3. let side of the square = x


    A = x²+ ½×x×(x-3)
    = x²+ x(x – 3)/2 = 459
    ×2: 2x²+ x²– 3x = 918
    3x²– 3x – 918 = 0
    x²– x – 306 = 0
    use ‘factor’ key in the calculator to find the factor of 306: 2×3²× 17
    (x – 17)(x + 18) = 0
    x = 17 (omit -)
    x²= 289
    ans: area of the square is 289 cm²

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