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    Research Types in Nitrition

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    MARIA TARIQ

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    Research Types in Nitrition

    Uploaded by

    MARIA TARIQ
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views12 pages

    Research Types in Nitrition

    Uploaded by

    MARIA TARIQ

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Research Types in Nutrition

    Experimental research in Nutrition


    • It is a systematic and scientific approach for determining causal
    relationships between variables. In this type of research the researcher
    manipulates one or more variables, and controls and measures any change
    in other variables. • It is conducted carefully in controlled conditions to
    observe the effects and relationship between variables. • Experimental
    research is commonly used in sciences such as sociology and psychology,
    physics, chemistry, biology and medicine etc.
    • Experimental Research is often used where:
    • There is time priority in a causal relationship (cause precedes effect)
    • There is consistency in a causal relationship (a cause will always lead to the
    same effect)
    • The magnitude of the correlation is great.
    Descriptive Research
    • It is used to describe the characteristics of a population or
    phenomenon being studied.
    • • Descriptive research may be characterized as simply the attempt to
    determine, describe or identify what is!
    • • It does not answer questions about HOW, WHEN, WHY these
    characteristics occurred.
    • • Analytical research attempts to establish why it is that way or how it
    came to be.
    • • The best approach before doing descriptive research is to conduct a
    SURVEY.
    EX-POST FACTO RESEARCH
    • Ex- post facto study or after the fact research is a category of
    research in which the investigation starts after the fact have occurred
    without any interference from the researcher. • The majority of social
    science research where it is not possible to manipulate the
    characteristics of human particle is based on Ex-post facto research. •
    This type of research does not include any form of manipulation or
    measurement before the fact occurring.
    CROSS SECTIONALRESEARCH
    • This is the study involving different organizations or groups of people
    to look at similarities and differences between the groups of people
    at any one particular time. • It can be done when there is a time or
    resources for more extended research. • It involves close analysis of
    the situation at one particular point of time. • This type of study is
    Observational in nature. • This type of research is used in
    developmental psychology but also utilized in many other areas
    including social science and education.
    Longitudinal study
    • A longitudinal study is an observational research method in which
    data is gathered for the same subjects repeatedly over a period of
    time. • Longitudinal research projects can extend over years or even
    decades. In a longitudinal cohort study, the same individuals are
    observed over the study period. • Longitudinal studies are often used
    in psychology and in sociology, to study life events throughout
    lifetimes or generations. • The reason for this is that unlike cross-
    sectional studies, in which different individuals with the same
    characteristics are compared, longitudinal studies track the same
    people and so the differences observed in those people are less likely
    to be the result of cultural differences across generations
    LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
    Types of Longitudinal research
    ➢A retrospective cohort study is a longitudinal study used in medical and
    psychological research.
    ➢ A cohort of individuals that share a common exposure factor is compared to
    another group of equivalent individuals not exposed to that factor, to determine
    the factor's influence on the incidence of a condition such as disease or death.
    ➢ They are conducted on a smaller scale. They typically require less time to
    complete. They are generally less expensive
    ➢ A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal study that follows a group of similar
    individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to
    determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.
    ➢ For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in
    terms of smoking habits, to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of
    lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate
    smokers, and then non-smokers.
    ACTION RESEARCH
    • • Action research is initiated to solve an immediate problem or to
    improve the way.
    • • It involves actively participating in a change situation through
    organization and simultaneously conducting research.
    • • Action research can be undertaken by big organization and
    institutions. It is assisted or guided by professional researcher with
    the aim of improving strategies, practices and knowledge of the
    environment.
    • • It involves intervention by researcher to influence the change in any
    given situation and then to monitor and evaluate the results
    Qualitative Research
    • This research is non-quantitative type of analysis.
    • • It is collecting, analyzing and interpreting data by observing people.
    • It is much more subjective and uses very different methods of
    collecting information mainly individuals, in-depth interviews and
    focus group discussions.
    • • The nature of this type of research is explanatory and open ended.
    Quantitative Research
    • It aims to measure quantity or amount and compares it with past
    records and tries to project for future period.
    • • Statistics is the most widely used branch of mathematics in
    quantitative research.
    Historical RESEARCH

    • It is a method of social science that examines historical events in


    order to create explanations that are valid beyond a particular time or
    place, either by direct comparison of historic events or in reference to
    present day.
    • • There are four methods of collecting data for historic research:
    Archival data: official documents/ Museums
    • Secondary sources: Work of other historians Running records:
    Census data
    • Other sources: Autobiography/Diary

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