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    Module 1 Introduction To Carpentry

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    This document presents an introduction to carpentry. It defines carpentry as the craft of working with wood to create useful objects such as furniture and door frames. He explains that the carpenter works with wood for construction and furniture, while the cabinetmaker specializes in furniture. Additionally, it lists the main woodworking tools and machines, as well as some common operations such as cutting, drilling, and assembly.

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    Module 1 Introduction To Carpentry

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    13 views6 pages
    This document presents an introduction to carpentry. It defines carpentry as the craft of working with wood to create useful objects such as furniture and door frames. He explains that the carpenter works with wood for construction and furniture, while the cabinetmaker specializes in furniture. Additionally, it lists the main woodworking tools and machines, as well as some common operations such as cutting, drilling, and assembly.

    Original Description:

    This document presents an introduction to carpentry. It defines carpentry as the craft of working with wood to create useful objects such as furniture and door frames. He explains that the carpenter works with wood for construction and furniture, while the cabinetmaker specializes in furniture. Additionally, it lists the main woodworking tools and machines, as well as some common operations such as cutting, drilling, and assembly.

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    Module 1 Introduction to Carpentry

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    This document presents an introduction to carpentry. It defines carpentry as the craft of working with wood to create useful objects such as furniture and door frames. He explains that the carpenter works with wood for construction and furniture, while the cabinetmaker specializes in furniture. Additionally, it lists the main woodworking tools and machines, as well as some common operations such as cutting, drilling, and assembly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    13 views6 pages

    Module 1 Introduction To Carpentry

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    ScribdTranslations
    This document presents an introduction to carpentry. It defines carpentry as the craft of working with wood to create useful objects such as furniture and door frames. He explains that the carpenter works with wood for construction and furniture, while the cabinetmaker specializes in furniture. Additionally, it lists the main woodworking tools and machines, as well as some common operations such as cutting, drilling, and assembly.

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    of 6

    CARPENTRY COURSE

    MODULE 1
    INTRODUCTION TO
    CARPENTRY
    Carpentry

    Carpentry is the name of the trade and the workshop or place where wood and
    its derivatives are worked with the aim of changing its physical form to create
    objects useful for human development such as home furniture, door frames,
    toys, desks. work, etc. Carpenter is the person whose job is working with wood,
    whether for construction (doors, windows, etc.) or furniture.

    The cabinetmaker is the carpenter specialized in making furniture.

    Woodworking is one of the oldest human industry activities that exists, which is
    why in each culture and region we will find different ways and tools to work with
    this beautiful material.

    Originally one of the main carpentry manufactures were doors and windows.
    With the appearance of new materials, wooden doors and windows have been
    replaced by aluminum and/or PVC ones, with old wood carpenters specializing
    in the realization of these specialties that are also known as carpentry :
    "Aluminum carpentry" and "PVC carpentry".

    Equipment and tools

    The main manual tools are:

     Saw
     Hammer
     Drill and wood bits
     Gouge and chisel
     sandpaper
     Rule and square
     Pencil
     Level
     Conveyor
     Brush

    Electric tools:

     sander
     Jig Saw
     circular saw
     Band saw
     Electric brush

    Woodworking machines:

     Saws
     Edger
     Spinning top
     Drill
     Turnstile
     Saw or scroll saw

    Other necessary accessories:

     Nails
     Varnish , and lacquer
     Brush
     White glue
     Press C
     Sergeant

    Some of the main operations in carpentry are:

     Countersunk
     Varnished
     Court
     Boring
     Sanding
     Profiling
     Nailed
     Armed or Assembly

    TIMBER

    Wood is a hard and resistant material that is produced by transforming


    the tree. It is an available forest resource that has long been used as a
    construction material. Wood is one of the oldest construction elements
    that man has used to build homes and other buildings. But to achieve an
    excellent result in its workability, certain aspects related to the way it is
    cut, cured and dried must be kept in mind.

    Presentation of wood and its derivatives

    The presentation of the wood is in solid or processed state. Within the solid
    state we find:

     Solid Wood
    o In blocks
    o In tables
    o on slats
     Lock

    Processed we find:

     Veneers
     Plywood
     Agglomerates
     Slatted
     DM boards or according to its English acronym MDF .
     Junk

    common woods

     Fir - Abies sp.


     Carob tree
     Pine - Pinus sp.
     Beech - Fagus sp.
     Teak .
     Oak - Quercus sp.
     Cherry tree.
     Mahogany
     Holm oak - Quercus sp.
     Poplar.
     Jocha.
     Okume .
     Maple.
     Apple tree - Malus sp.
     Walnut.
     Spring.
     Ebony.
     Ipé - Tabebuia sp.
     Rosewood.
     Mahogany .
     Cumaru (hardwood).
     Garapa (hardwood).
     Cypress - Cupressus sp.
     Anchico.
     pinotea.
     Brazilian pine.
     Parana pine.
     Olive tree - Olea sp.
     Red and white quebracho.
     Yew.
     Tusca.
     Vinal.
     Paradise.
     Willow - Salix sp.

    TYPES OF WOOD

    Woods, according to the tree from which they are obtained, are classified
    as hard and soft.

    Hardwoods: obtained from trees that lose their leaves in autumn


    (deciduous). Of all this great variety of trees, only 200 exist in sufficient
    quantity and are flexible enough for carpentry. Hardwoods, like our skin,
    have microscopic pores on the surface. The size of these pores is what
    determines the grain pattern and texture. Due to these characteristics,
    hardwoods are classified according to pore opening into: closed-pore
    woods (small pores), among which the most used are cherry and maple,
    and circular-pore woods (larger pores), among which the most used are
    oak, ash and poplar.

    Classification of hardwoods

    Lumber is graded based on the number of defects in a given section of


    the length and width of the board. As with softwoods, a lower class of
    wood may be perfectly acceptable depending on the place where it is
    going to be placed and the use to which it is going to be given.

    Among hardwoods we have:

     Oak: It is yellowish brown in color. It is one of the best woods


    known; very resistant and durable. It is used in quality furniture,
    parquet...
     Walnut: It is one of the most noble and appreciated woods in the
    world. It is used in luxury furniture and decoration.

     Cherry: Its wood is highly appreciated for the construction of


    furniture. It is very delicate because it is prone to alterations and
    woodworm.

     Holm oak: It is dark in color. It has great hardness and is difficult to


    work with. It is the wood used in the construction of brush boxes
    and dowels.

     Olive tree: It is used for artistic work and decoration, since its fibers
    have very attractive patterns (especially those close to the root.

     Chestnut : it is currently used in the construction of kitchen


    furniture doors. Its wood is strong and elastic.

     Elm: It is resistant to woodworm. In the past it was used to build


    cars.

    Soft Woods: obtained from evergreen trees (conifers). Only 25% of all
    softwoods are used in carpentry. All softwoods have closed pores (small
    pores) that are barely noticeable in the finished product. The most
    commonly used softwoods are cedar, fir, pine and spruce.

    Classification of softwoods

    Softwoods are divided into two categories: dimensional lumber, graded


    based on strength, and exposed panels, which are commonly used in
    carpentry projects. Softwood classification is the work of several
    agencies, so you will find some variations in terminology. The different
    classes are ordered from the highest class to the lowest.

    Among the soft woods we have:


     Poplar: It is not very resistant to humidity and woodworm. In Spain
    there are two species: The white poplar (with silvery bark) and the
    black poplar, better known as poplar.
     Birch: Tree of yellowish or reddish-white wood, elastic, not durable,
    used in the manufacture of pipes, boxes, clogs, etc. Its bark is used
    to make shoes, baskets, boxes, etc.

     Alder: Its wood is used in cabinetmaking, turning and carpentry, as


    well as in the manufacture of small objects. Tannins are obtained
    from its bark.

     Alnus glutinosa: Its wood is used in cabinetmaking, turning and


    carpentry, as well as in the manufacture of small objects. Tannins
    are obtained from its bark.

     Alnus incana: Its wood is soft and light, easy to split. It is used in
    carvings, boxes and other wooden objects.

    WOOD-BASED BOARDS

    Laminates and chipboards are resources that have been chosen for
    economic and ecological reasons and to avoid the problems of the natural
    behavior of solid wood. They are made from unused waste and fibers from
    tree trunks, to which resins are added and pressed into boards of different
    thicknesses. They are manufactured in dimensions larger than those that
    can be obtained from sawn wood.

    The main types of boards made from wood are the following:

     Plywood: they are made up of sheets or veneers glued together


    with wood (glue or synthetic resin). Its dimensions: 0.90 to 1.20
    meters wide by 2.10 to 2.44 meters long and its normal thickness
    varies between 4 and 19 mm, although they are manufactured
    thicker. It is used to cover walls and ceilings, to make furniture and
    doors.
     Slatted or Panforte: they are formed with a core of wooden slats
    and exterior veneers, they are used for the production of furniture.

     Particles: it is a material made from wood or bagasse fiber and


    agglomerated with synthetic resins, with the application of pressure
    and heat, for example “tablopan”. Those with low density (0.25 to
    0.40 g/cm3) are used for insulating panels or in complex parts
    where it is necessary. Those of medium density (from 0.40 to 0.80
    grs/cm3), their use is the same as the previous one and is used in
    the manufacture of furniture and in construction. Those with high
    density (greater than 0.80 g/cm3) are used the same as the previous
    ones and are generally appropriate for indoor environments, as
    they decompose in contact with humidity and over time with long-
    term loads.

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