It is the art of cutting, framing, and joining

timber or wood. It is generally known as

woodworking.
Carpentry is a trade that gives people the ability
to make things with their hands. There are many
different forms of carpentry which means you
have plenty of options for a career and, as things
stand, there's plenty of demand for skilled
carpenters
Carpenter (builder) – is a skilled
craftsperson who performs carpentry.
Carpenters work with wood to construct,
install and maintain buildings, furniture,
and other objects.
Rough carpentry is all work that doesn't
require a neat finish as it will be covered
up by walls or other items.

Structural carpentry is the most

common type of rough carpentry and
these carpenters are very skilled in
quickly erecting the structural
components of a building, such as
beams, posts and rafters. Rough
carpenters commonly work in roofing
and framing.
Finish carpentry refers to all carpentry
work that will be visible once a building
has been completed and, as such, finish
carpenters work to a high level of detail.

The type of work that finish carpenters

do includes decking, flooring, building
staircases, installing windows and doors.
Cabinetmaker is a specialized
branch of carpentry that focuses
on building cabinetry for kitchens,
bathrooms, laundries, offices and
so forth. Furniture making is also
a component.
Trim carpentry is one that specialises in installing the trims and mouldings into a room such
as mantles, skirting boards, cornices, architraves, ornamental trim and so forth.

Green carpentry is a carpenter that is skilled and trained in the same way as a standard
carpenter but they have a particular interest and skill set in using environmentally
sustainable methods and materials in their projects.

Scenic carpentry specialise in the erecting and dismantling of scenery and sets that are
used in films, television, and plays.

Ship's carpentry is one that specialises in shipbuilding, maintenance and repair techniques.
They are needed on steel ships as well as wooden ships.
 Let’s Check!

Which type of carpentry is a specialized

branch that focuses on building storage in
kitchens, bathrooms, laundries, and offices.
Furniture making is also a component.

Finish Carpentry Cabinetmaker Trim Carpentry Scenic Carpentry

 Let’s Check!

Which type of carpentry is all work that

doesn't require a neat finish as it will be
covered up by walls or other items.

Finish Carpentry Rough Carpentry Green Carpentry Scenic Carpentry

 Let’s Check!

Which of the type of carpentry refers to all

carpentry work that will be visible once a
building has been completed and work to a
high level of detail.

Finish Carpentry Rough Carpentry Green Carpentry Scenic Carpentry

WOODWORKING
- It is the skills developed by the students in terms of measuring, cutting,
framing, joining and finishing wood materials.

CARPENTRY
- It is the art and a manner of cutting, forming and joining wood parts together.
- The art of shaping and assembling structural woodwork.

CARPENTER
- A builder or a skilled craftsman who perform carpentry works
The Tree
A living, growing tree has two main domains, the
shoot and the roots. Roots are the subterranean
structures responsible for water and mineral nutrient
uptake, mechanical anchoring of the shoot, and
storage of biochemicals. The shoot is made up of the
trunk, branches, and leaves.
Slice horizontally through a tree, running the saw parallel to the ground and
you'll see the annual rings (new one added each year). Cut vertically through
a tree trunk and you'll see lines inside running parallel to the trunk formed by
the xylem tubes, forming the inner structure of the wood known as its grain.
You'll also see occasional wonky ovals interrupting the grain called knots,
which are the places where the branches grew out from the trunk of a tree.
Knots can make wood look attractive, but they can also weaken its structure.
Take a tree and peel off the outer "skin" or bark and what you'll find is two
kinds of wood. Closest to the edge there's a moist, light, living layer
called sapwood packed with tubes called xylem that help a tree pipe water and
nutrients up from its roots to its leaves; inside the sapwood there's a much
darker, harder, part of the tree called the heartwood, which is dead, where the
xylem tubes have blocked up with resins or gums and stopped working. Around
the outer edge of the sapwood (and the trunk) is a thin active layer called
the cambium where the tree is actually growing outward by a little bit each
year, forming those famous annual rings that tell us how old a tree is.
❑ Trees are the largest plant that grows in our forest and mountains and have
various types and species. They are group according to use and cut to form a
lumber.
❑ Lumbers are classified as soft and hard woods cut and process and are sold
in different sizes and length.
❑ Philippine Lumber are group in the following categories:

FIRST GROUP SECOND GROUP THIRD GROUP FOURTH GROUP

 CATEGORIES OF LUMBER
1ST GROUP 2ND GROUP 3RD GROUP 4TH GROUP
This type of lumber is This is second type of wood The third group of wood is This group of wood
usually hard with fine grain. is moderately hard and use for house construction is for cheap
Each of this wood has heavy with fine grain. floorings; furniture making furniture, cabinets
different color in its Usually this wood is for and some are for charcoal making, interior
sapwood. For furniture and building construction, making. finishing and others.
cabinet making, furniture making,
woodcarving, musical shipbuilding and others.
instruments, interior
finishing and other
woodworks we use this kind
of woods.
Examples: Examples: Examples: Examples:

Acle, Lanete, Baticulin, Banuyo, Guijo, Amugis, Apitong, Tangile Lauan, Almon, Bagtican,
Mancono, Betis Bolongeta, Palomaria, Dao
Molave, Kamagong, Calantas, Teak
Narra, Ebony, Tindalo,
Ipil, Yacal
Hardwoods - typically come from
broad-leaved (deciduous) trees (those
that drop their leaves each fall, also
known as angiosperms because their
seeds are encased in fruits or pods).
Examples include ash, beech, birch,
mahogany, maple, oak, teak, and
walnut.
Softwoods - typically come from
evergreen (coniferous) trees (those
that have needles and cones and
retain them year-round, also called
gymnosperms. Examples include
cedar, cypress, fir, pine, spruce, and
redwood.
This is classified as hardwood
because of the shape of their
leaves, so balsa, with its large,
broad leaves is classified as
hardwood despite being very soft.
It is the softest commercial
hardwood. The trees are harvested
after six to 10 years of growth. The
name balsa comes from the
Spanish word for "raft".
 Wood Preparation
The proper way of preparing wood for future use is by means of seasoning. It is the
drying period of wood. The time when moisture evaporates from the wood cells after the
wood are cut into lumbers. Shrinkage of wood is the time when the drying of fiber
happened due to evaporation. The most common way of wood preparation are:

Air seasoning/ drying

It is the process of filling the lumber carefully in open air in order to allow free circulation of
air around a piece of wood in a specified period.

Kiln seasoning/ drying

It is the specific way seasoning lumbers. It uses oven to dry lumbers to have quick drying
and lowering of wood moisture content.
 Wood Preparation

Air seasoning/ drying

It is the process of filling the
lumber carefully in open air in
order to allow free circulation
of air around a piece of wood
in a specified period.

- NATURAL METHOD
- VERY SLOW
 Wood Preparation

Kiln seasoning/ drying

It is the specific way
seasoning lumbers. It uses
oven to dry lumbers to have
quick drying and lowering of
wood moisture content.

- ARTIFICIAL METHOD
- QUICK DRYING
FINISHING
 FINISHING

Scraper – is a tool made of

steel. It is manipulated by pushing
or pulling in a direction following
the grain of the wood surface
after such wood has been planed
to produce a very smooth surface.
 FINISHING

Sand Paper
This is use to smoothen the surface of
the wood. There are two types of sand
paper. They are the wet and dry sand
paper.
a. Dry Sand Paper has abrasive material
glued to the surface of the paper that is
soluble to water. This is usually for
wooden project.
b. Wet Sand Paper uses waterproof
glue. This is used in floor sand ling
which uses water to facilitate effective
scratching and smoothing.
 FINISHING

Wood Fillers
Wood Fillers comes in natural color.
These are used to eliminate deep cuts
and holes in your finished project, so
that surface can be made even and
smooth. Filler should be applied in your
project before applying wood strain.
 FINISHING

Stain
It is a wood finishing material. The stain
is derived from different color of woods
such as walnut, mahogany and natural
color. Stain is sold in can or bottles and
they are classified in the following:

a. Oil Stain
b. Water Stain
c. Spirit Stain
 FINISHING

Shellac
A finishing material came from gums
substance of insects. Alcohol is used to
dissolve the gum in a ratio of three kilos
to a gallon of alcohol. There are two
kinds of shellac use in finishing. They
are as follows:

Orange Shellac – natural type

White Shellac – are produced by bleaching
 FINISHING

Varnish
A finishing material when applied
produces high glossy finish to a project.
It came in different forms, from gum,
linseed oil, resin, turpentine and or
chemical drier. They are sold in can or
gallon size bottles. Varnish is durable,
transparent and tough when applied on
the surface on the project.
 FINISHING

Paints
Paint is the most widely use in finishing
a project or object. It is being prepared in
different pigment materials of chemical.
Each of this type of paint has different
materials and characteristics for a
specific used.

Types of Paints
a. Latex Paint
b. Enamel Paint
c. Lacquer Paint
 FINISHING

Types of Paints

a. Latex Paint - Latex-based paint

refers to a generic term used to classify
water-based coating emulsions that are
produced with synthetic acrylic binders.
They are used as protective coating
layers on metallic substrates to prevent
corrosion.
 FINISHING

Types of Paints

b. Enamel Paint - The main constituents of

enamel paints are metallic oxide, petroleum
spirit, oil and resinous matter. Enamel paint
dries very slowly but after drying it forms very
hard, impervious and smooth layer. This layer
cannot be affected by acids, alkalis, gas fumes,
water etc. Different colored enamel paints are
available in the market. So, they are widely used
for painting doors, windows, stairs, decks etc.
 FINISHING

Types of Paints

c. Lacquer Paint - A lacquer paint is clear coating

that, when dried, produces a solid, durable finish. It is
designed to be chip-resistant, waterproof, and
breathable. Lacquers can be applied to a variety of
surfaces such as wood and metal and they come in a
range of colours, as well as clear finishes. Unlike
paint, which is thicker and can absorb moisture in
wood causing it to soften over time, lacquer is much
more flexible and can adapt to the expanding and
contracting of wood surfaces. Since lacquer is thinner
than the other finishes, it is almost always applied
using a sprayer instead of a roller or brush.
 WOOD JOINTS

Joinery is the process

of putting the work together
depending on what kind of
project or object of wood
you are making. A good
joint is a matter of accurate
lying out and cutting wood
to produce a neat and
strong joint.
WOOD JOINTS
 WOOD JOINTS

Dado joint
A dado is a groove that runs on
board and receives the end or edge
of the second board. It is commonly
use for making cabinetwork.

Rabbet joint
It is wood joint commonly used for making
frames to hold glass in constructing drawers
and other cabinetwork. A rabbet is a groove
running along the grain while dado is across
the grain.
 WOOD JOINTS
Mortise and Tenon
It is the strongest kind of wood joint used in fastening piece of
wood together. The joint is considered the best in cabinet making
for it provides good reinforcement.

Miter Joint
This type of joint uses 45 degrees angle cut.
This is usually intended for making frames
because of the neatness in appearance.
 WOOD JOINTS
Lap Joint
This type of joint is use for reinforcing wood length. The wood
assembly is overlapping each other.

Butt Joint
This is the simplest type
of wood joint where in
two pieces of wood are
nailed in one end.