NFC – A Closer Look

May 16th, 2016

Presenters:
Matt Rose – NFC Business Development Manager
Jon Kurtz – NFC Engineering Specialist

www.FutureElectronics.com
AGENDA
NFC: What is involved?

Readers Compliance Product Solutions:

Readers
Tags Software
NTAG
Antennas Design Considerations Smart Labels

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What is RFID?
• Radio Frequency IDentification
• Method for exchanging data between two objects
– An active device such as a reader/writer and a passive device such as a tag
• Used in various applications to identify large numbers of objects.
– Retail product identification
– Asset tracking
– Parts identification
– Livestock identification
• In 2014, RFID market was worth $8.89 billion. Market value expected to rise to $27.31 billion by
2024.
• Implemented in various frequency bands based on application requirements.

Band Range Data Speed

120-150 kHz LF 1-2 m low
13.56 MHz HF 10 cm/1m low to moderate
433 MHz UHF 1-100 m moderate
865-900 UHF 1-12 m moderate to high
24500-5800 HMz SHF 1-2 m high
What is NFC? Helicon
Double
Layer ion
• Near Field Communication thruster
• It is a subset of RFID defined by specific ISO
standards
• Frequency of operation is at ISM band of 13.56 MHz 13.56 MHz most commonly
used for RF plasma
• Maximum range is 10 cm processes
• Data throughput: 106, 212, 424 or 848 kbps
• Defined by ISO 18092 but compatible with older ISO
14443 13.56 MHz / 128 = 105.94 kHz
• The recognized standard for contactless payment
via smart phones
NFC: How is data transmitted?
Passive communication scheme
Read/write, Passive Peer to Peer and Card Emulation Modes
NFC: How is data transmitted?
Active Communication Scheme
Active Peer to Peer Mode
System Design Considerations

Mode(s) of
Protocol Support Selecting a reader
operation

Antenna Design Software

and Tuning Integration
NFC: Modes of Operation

Card Emulation Card Reader

Peer
To
Peer

1.3 Billion NFC Android/iOS

enabled phones on Intl: 82%/11%
the market US: 47%/47%
13.56MHz Related Standards

ISO18092 ISO15693 ISO14443A

ISO14443B (JIS) X – 6319-4

ISO7816-4 ISO21481
Example – NFC Forum Compliant Reader
PN7120-NCI Cont’d.
Reader Selection
Reader Security Architecture
 NXP NFC Reader Solutions
Part Number CLRC663 MFRC631 MFRC630 SLRC610 MFRC523 MFRC522 PN5180 PN7462 PN7120 PR601 PRH601
Integrated MCU (CLRC663 + MCU) ( CLRC663+ LPC1227+
Integrated MCU HITAG)
Standards & Protocols
Standards ISO/IEC 14443 A and B ISO/IEC 14443 A and B ISO/IEC 14443 A ISO/IEC15693 ISO/IEC 14443 ISO/IEC 14443 ISO/IEC 14443 A ISO/IEC 14443 A ISO/IEC 14443 A ISO/IEC 14443 A and ISO/IEC 14443 A and
ISO/IEC 18092 Mifare Mifare ISO/IEC 18000-3 A and B A and B and B and B B B
ISO/IEC15693 EMVCo mode 3 Mifare Mifare ISO/IEC 15693 ISO/IEC 15693 ISO/IEC 18092 ISO/IEC 18092 ISO/IEC 18092
ISO/IEC 18000-3 mode 3 ICODE EPC UID/ EMVCo ISO/IEC 18000- ISO/IEC 18000- ISO/IEC15693 ISO/IEC15693 ISO/IEC15693
Felica EPC OTP 3M3 3M3 Felica Felica Felica
Mifare ISO/IEC 18092 ISO/IEC 18092 Mifare Mifare HITAG
NFCIP-1 ISO/IEC 21481 ISO/IEC 21481 NFCIP-1 NFCIP-1 EMVCo
EMVCo Mifare Mifare NCIP-2 EMVCo
ICODE ICODE EMVCo
Felica Felica
EMVCo EMVCo
NFC Forum NFC Forum

Mode of communication Reader/Writer Reader/Writer Reader/Writer Reader/Writer Reader/Writer Reader/Writer Reader/Writer Reader/Writer Reader/Writer Reader/Writer, Reader/Writer,
P2P: Passive Intiator P2P: active + P2P: active + P2P: active + P2P: Passive Intiator P2P: Passive Intiator
passive passive passive
intiator/target intiator/target intiator/target
Card emulation Card emulation Card Emulation

NFC Forum Tag type 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2 , 4 1, 2 , 4 5 1, 2 , 4 1, 2 , 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

support
Datarate (kbps) 848 848 848 26.48 848 848 848 848 848 848 848

Product Features
Host Interface SPI, I2C, UART SPI, I2C, UART SPI, I2C, UART SPI, I2C, UART SPI, I2C, UART SPI, I2C, UART SPI SPI, I2C, USB, I2C SPI, I2C, UART SPI, I2C, UART
HSUART
Max Output power (mW) 1125 1125 1125 1125 200 200 1250 1050 500 1500 2000

Package QFN-32 QFN-32 QFN-32 QFN-32 QFN-32 QFN-32 QFN-40, TFBGA64 QFN-64 VFBGA49 LQFP100 LQFP100

Microcontroller host needed host needed host needed host needed host needed host needed host needed ARM Cortex M0 ARM Cortex M0 ARM Cortex M0 ARM Cortex M0

Distance Prox/Vic (cm) 12 12 12 16 5 5 12 12 7 16 16

Temperature range [°C] -25 to + 85 -25 to + 85 -25 to + 85 -25 to + 85 -25 to + 85 -25 to + 85 -30 to + 85 -40 to + 85 -30 to + 85 -25 to + 70 -25 to + 70

Security Yes, Mifare Classic Yes, Mifare Classic Yes, Mifare Classic - Yes, Mifare Yes, Mifare Yes, Mifare Classic Yes, Mifare Classic Yes, Mifare Classic Yes, Mifare Classic Yes, Mifare Classic
Security Security Security Classic Classic Security Security Security Security Security Security
Security

Application Payment NFC Reader Access Reader Cost sensitive Payment Payment Access Linux windows Connected home, Small formfactor for
Pre-paid utility metering application where management application solution, need eMetering Pre-paid utility management Android Systems, Internet of things, access systems
Connected home good RF performance Building where to read both metering Secure Connected Smart Industrial devices
Internet of things is needed, automation customer only type A and B Connected home transactions, healthcare systems manufacturing, with high RF
Smart manufacturing and need to read both networks wants to read I- tags Internet of things USB readers, Internet of things access management, performance
Gaming Type A and Type B Public transport CODE tags. Gaming Gaming Pay-per-view Building automation requirements
tags Smart Video on demand network, Public Multi frequency
manufacturing Gaming transport applications with 125
kHz and 13.56 MHz
support
NFC Forum tags
Standard TAG types
NFC Forum introduced standardized technology architecture, initial specifications and
tag formats for NFC compliant devices: Tag
Description
Type
Read, re-writeable. Users can configure tag to be
1. NFC Forum Data Exchange Format read-only.
Tag 1
(NDEF), defines a message Based on ISO14443A Standard
Type
Memory: 96 to 2k bytes
encapsulation format to exchange Data throughput: 106 kpbs
information Read, re-writeable. Users can configure tag to be
read-only.
Tag 2
Based on ISO14443A Standard
Type
2. Record Type Definition The RTD Memory: 48 to 2k bytes
Data throughput: 106 kpbs
specification provides a way to Based on Sony standard FeliCa
Tag 3
efficiently define record formats for Type
Memory: up to 1M bytes
Data throughput: 212 kbps
new applications and gives users the Read, re-writeable or read-only
opportunity to create their own Tag 4 Based on ISO14443A and B standard
Type Memory: up to 32K bytes
applications based on NFC Forum Data throughput: 106 and 424 kbps
specifications of TEXT, URI, Smart Read, re-writeable or read only
Poster, and Generic Control. Tag 5 Based on ISO15693
Type ICODE Memory up to 2528bits
Data throughput: Max 53 kbps
http://members.nfc-forum.org/specs/spec_list/
 MIFARE
• MIFARE is NXP’s well-known brand for a wide range of contactless IC products.
• Typical read/write distance of 10 cm (4 inch)
• Used in more than 40 different types of application worldwide.
– Electronic ticketing, Road tolling, Airline tickets, Access control for events, Student cards, NFC tags
• 50 million reader and 5 billion card components sold,
– MIFARE products are proven and more reliable than any other interface technology in the market.
• MIFARE Smart Card IC range :
1. MIFARE Ultralight – primarily used for contactless automatic fare collection systems
2. MIFARE Classic – the original, first product to fit into an ISO contactless smart card
3. MIFARE DesFire- ideal for transport schemes, identity applications
4. MIFARE Plus – security and performance for cost sensitive automated fare collection,
access control markets
• MIFARE Reader IC range:
1. Part of the NFC Frontend solutions: MFRC522, MFRC523, MFRC631, MFRC630
Antenna Design Considerations
Antenna Design Considerations
Antenna Design Considerations
Antenna Design Considerations
Antenna Design Considerations
Antenna Tuning
SOFTWARE TOOLS
NXP Reader libraries

NXP provides software reader libraries to support their hardware products. The library is written in C
language providing an API that allows the customer to create their own custom software stack and
applications for their contactless reader.

The NXP Generic Reader library

• Supports system development for MIFARE Classic, Ultralight series and products
based on ISO/IEC 15693 standard. This library is available for free download on
the NXP website.

The NXP Export Controlled Reader library

• Supports system development for MIFARE Plus and MIFARE DESFire. This is
available through DocStore and is subject to NDA with NXP.

The NXP NFC Reader library

• Supports system development for contactless readers communicating with

other NFC devices. This library is available upon request .
Reader Library Model
Caller (Application, Middleware, Embedded System,..)
Application Layer (AL) - Command Set
MIFARE Ultralight
MIFARE Ultralight C Ultralight MIFARE ISO/IEC
classic EV1 DESFire 15693 ICODE SLI ICODE ILT FeliCa

Protocol Abstraction Layer (PAL) ISO/IEC ISO/IEC

ISO/IEC 15693 18092 18000-
FeliCa
ISO/IEC ISO/IEC ISO/IEC ISO/IEC ISO/IEC ICODE Passive p3m3
Compliant
14443-3A 14443-3B 14443-4A 14443-4 MIFARE 180000-3m1 EPC/UID initiator
protocol

Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

RD70X
Generic
Callback RC663 RC523 RC632 RD710 RD70x RDCardSIM

Bus Abstraction layer (BAL)

Generic
Stub Serial WIn PC/SC Win RD70x USB Win Pipe Lin

Common ( Independent Layer )

ISO/IEC Tools
Key 14443-4 (CRC,
Store CID Man Parity) Log module

Fully compiled: 60 k
Compliance Testing
NTAG I2C tag IC does not require FCC testing as it is a receiver.

NFC readers for mobile payments require:

FCC testing FCC Part 15 B unintentional emissions testing

FCC Part 15.225 Radio testing (radiated and conducted)

FCC/IC Approval

Approx. $10k

EMVco Level 1- terminals, cards, and contact testing

payment
certification Level 2- software testing
testing
Level 1: Approx. $10k , Level 2: approx. $30k

ESD Testing (2kV HBM) $4k

Product Solutions & Show-and-Tell

NTAG Plus PN5180 PN7120

Energy Harvesting with NTAG

NTAG Plus: Add NFC to any MCU
• NTAG family provides both passive RF and I2C interface
• Some tags have additional interfaces: field detection, power harvesting or I2C
• NTAG I²C products are an excellent choice for applications that are meant to
communicate with smartphones, for smart manufacturing and for embedded electronics
• Ideal for exchange of configuration data, diagnostic data or small firmware updates

• NTAG I2C Part Number:

– NT3H1101W0Fxx
• NTAG I2C Evaluation Board:
– OM5569/NT312D or E,699
NTAG: How it works

NTAG I2C tag IC

NFC tag IC can be self-
connects to host
contained module or
microcontroller via the
integrated into PCB
I2C serial bus interface
NTAG I2C applications

Recipes Power-down error

codes/troubleshooting
Product
Configuration

Firmware Upgrades Warranty

Information

Bluetooth pairing

Product Calibration

E-lock
Demo: NFC Cockpit – PN5180

What it does:
Read tags!
Demo: PN7120

ISO/IEC
18000-
p3m3

RD70X

What it does:
Authenticates Wi-Fi, streams video and reads tags!
Demo: NTAG plus

ISO/IEC
18000-
p3m3

RD70X

What it does:
Uses Android NFC to power switches, LED and an LCD
Demo: Energy Harvesting with NTAG

What it does:
Uses NFC, coin cell or solar to power
an LCD to advertise pricing and other
product info on a shelf display
RD70X
Demo: NTAG Sniffer Board
NT3H1101 / NT3H1201
NFC Forum Type 2 Tag Compliant IC with I2C Interface

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Learn More at …

FREE HANDS-ON WORKSHOP:

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MCU product line through Energy Harvesting Smart Label
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FREE HANDS-ON WORKSHOP:

One day free hands-on workshop introducing attendees to
three key technologies for the internet of things: NFC, Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth Smart.

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Q&A