Running head: MEG WHITMAN 1

Meg Whitman: A Woman, a Leader, and A CEO

Luz Yadira Pena

University of Houston- Clearlake
MEG WITHMAN: A WOMAN, A LEADER, AND A CEO
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Contents
Family Background ......................................................................................................................... 3
Education ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Career Experiences ......................................................................................................................... 4
Politics............................................................................................................................................. 5
Successes in her career.................................................................................................................... 5
Leadership Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 6
Influences ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Social Contribution ......................................................................................................................... 8
The Power of Many ........................................................................................................................ 9
Controversial ................................................................................................................................. 10
Present ........................................................................................................................................... 10
References ..................................................................................................................................... 11
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Meg Whitman: A Woman, a Leader, and A CEO

After deciding to write about Meg Whitman, I didn’t know where to start from. She has been in
the news frequently during the last five years and I thought it was going to be difficult to decide
where to start from. The focus of this document is to present Meg Whitman as the woman, the
CEO and the leader that has transformed not only organizations but high potential leaders also.
Her style of leadership is more transformational and she leads by example. She has been
described as a very honest person that can tell in words the most encouraging and significant
praises, but at the same time can be “brutally honest” to herself, her friends, peers, protégées and
family. She talks about successes in her career as much as she talks about her mistakes and her
lessons learned from failure. She is difficult to please because she sets high standards to
everything she does. As I was reading her book and listening to as many interviews as I could, I
was more and more engaged in learning about her life. I thought that if this woman was able to
raise a billion dollars in less than a week to start up a company, she should have something to tell
me that I was not going to miss. There is a potential success and a potential lesson in every
circumstance, Meg Whitman has overcome many in life, since born with a medical condition and
experienced family situations, she has capitalized and built from them to become in one of the
most influential women of the present century.

Family Background
a background of the CEO (personal—number of siblings in family, careers of parents, CEO’s
education/degrees and major fields of study, etc.)
Meg Whitman was born and named Margaret Whitman Cushing on August 4, 1956 in
Huntington, New York, U.S. She was raised in Ouster Bay, an affluent area on Long Island, New
York. Her parents came from families whose origins were in Boston, Massachusetts. Her great-
grandfather William Whitman was a textile entrepreneur, and her grand-father was a successful
attorney in Boston. Before marriage, both parents Margaret Cushing and Hendricks Hallett
Whitman served in World War II. Her mom served in New Guinea. She was trained and served
as a fully certified truck and airplane mechanic for the Red Cross (The Famous People. Com,
2018). Her father served in the U.S. Air Force stationed in Guam where he managed the Air
Force’s supply chain (Whitman, The power of many: Values for success in business and in life,
2010).
Meg is the third child of the Whitman family as she has an older brother Hendricks Hallett
Whitman III, who has twin sons and is a rheumatologist in New Jersey, and an older sister Anne
Whitman. In her book “The Power of Many” Meg Whitman talks proudly about her sister who is
six years older. Anne got a Ph.D. in archeology and anthropology from Harvard University.
Anne Whitman, after suffering a postpartum depression psychosis and losing her job at Harvard,
recovered thanks in part to family support as her parents went to live close to her. Anne
successfully ran Bright Horizons Children’s Centers and sold the concept of work-place child
care centers to hospitals, real estate developers and colleges. She founded several mental-health
organizations and now runs a world recognized Mental Health Resource Center in Massachusetts
(Whitman, The power of many: Values for success in business and in life, 2010).
Meg Whitman was born with dysplasia, a birth defect that was discovered as a newborn. This
condition compromised her left hip of a bone socket. She was strapped into a metal brace for her
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first 3 years. When they removed the brace, she was able to walk and run normally. “I looked
like a little baby-shaped weathervane, legs pointing straight out to the sides’ (Whitman, The
power of many: Values for success in business and in life, 2010). Despite her defect condition,
Meg was a great athlete as a child. She participated in tennis, lacrosse, figure skating,
competitive swimming, all these without neglecting her studies as she was a great student also
(Bort, Julie, 2015).
Meg Whitman and Griffith Harsh IV got married in 1980 after his graduation from Harvard
Medical School. He is a Professor of Neurosurgery and the Chair of the Department of
Neurological Surgery at UC Davis Health. They have two sons, Griff Harsh V and William
Harsh. Both graduated from Princeton University.

Education
Meg Whitman was an excellent sports athlete, and also a great student. She went to public
schools but in high school she went to Cold Spring Harbor High school from where she
graduated in 1974. Her experience as a student at Cold Spring Harbor made her love science and
mathematics. This school’s curriculum was rich in science and they provided conferences with
successful scientists as guest speakers. The way they taught Math and Science made the students
love these subjects. They encouraged her to go to Princeton.
She had the fortune to have very influential teachers in high school. Mr. Grossman taught Meg
Whitman to write essays. He would assign an essay to write every single week and she became a
good writer. At Princeton she had other influential teachers such as her thesis advisor and her
Micro Economics teacher (Greuther, Marc, 2017).
After her brother graduated from medical school, she also wanted to be a doctor. She went to
Princeton where she wanted to study medicine and changed to Economics. She worked for a
student’s magazine called Business Today where she decided to change majors to Economics.
Her father a business man who was very supportive and she received a B.A. degree with honors
in 1977. After her graduation from Princeton She went to Harvard University where she earned
an MBA in 1979 (The Famous People. Com, 2018). She would regret going straight from college
without any experience in the field. She recognizes that she was not able to capitalize on her
classes on leadership at Harvard because of the lack of experience.
She thinks that her next best education was running for governor of California because she
learned more than expected from failure.

Career Experiences
In 1979, Meg Whitman started her career at P&G in the Cincinnati office. She applied to work
for this company right after graduating from college because her mother told her that if she was
going to work for a company to learn, she should apply for the biggest companies that she could
think of. Her brother encouraged her to apply for a position that she never really knew what it
was for, until she was hired and started her training. She worked as a brand assistant until she
was promoted to brand manager, After P&G she moved on to a toy company, Hasbro. The
company’s most traditional toy was Mr. Potato Head. This toy was invented in 1952 and has
been continuously produced since then (Bort, Julie, 2015). . In 1981, she was a consultant for
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Walt Disney Co. In 1982 she worked for Stride Rite Co.as a division president, a company that
sells shoes for children. She later worked for Florists Transworld Delivery (FTD). She worked as
a CEO for eBay in 1998. She worked for HP enterprises in 1913 and now she is working on a
new project called Qubit (Calhun, 2018).

Politics
Meg Whitman collaborates with the Republican Party. She was the national co-chair during 2008
presidential campaign for Sen. John McCain. In 2009 Meg Whitman run for governor of
California and was nominated by the Republican Party to run for governor in June 2010. She was
defeated by Gov. Jerry Brown after a controversial expensive campaign (Calhun, 2018).

Successes in Her Career

Meg Whitman after graduating from Harvard, she went to work for Procter and Gamble in
Cincinnati, Ohio. When she was undergoing training at P&G in 1979, she found out that the
company did not issue credit cards to females while in training because they would not approve
women traveling alone since it was not safe. Meg Whitman stood up against this policy and was
able to successfully change it. From 1991 to 1998 she worked for Disney, Stride Rite, FTD and
Hasbro where she led 600 employees that produced $600 million in annual sales. During this time,
she also brought the Teletubbies into the U.S. This children’s television show was popular from
1998 through 2008. This was a total success for television with substantial revenues in merchandise
related to the show (Bort, Julie, 2015).
In 1998, Whitman was called to eBay. This was a company that started as an auction site that
became a massive online marketplace after 20 years. eBay’s headquarters located in San Jose,
California is considered the first and most important success in Meg Whitman’s business career
(Bloomberg-Infobase, 2013). eBay was born at the beginning of the internet, Whitman said that
during those years,” it was an extraordinary time to grow”, she added. eBay was growing at a 70%
compound monthly growth rate. It was necessary to establish the logistics and ground for
warehouses, inventory and salespeople. During her time as CEO, the company became the market
maker of the online world (Greuther, Marc, 2017). Since 2013, eBay started a campaign
promoting same-day delivery to the point where now they can deliver orders in an hour
(Bloomberg-Infobase, 2013).
During her time with eBay, she was able to form a culture for the company. It was a good
opportunity to model what was going to be considered right and wrong. Culture in organizations
grows with the company’s grow, and it starts from the top. The change of a culture is one of the
most difficult things to do in an organization (Business week, 2009). I remember personally
when I came to the U.S. My mother’s family has been here for over 60 years, I can tell that they
keep many of the traits of the Hispanic culture that we come from. Many of my cousins,
nephews and nieces, don’t even speak Spanish, but they still handshake, hug and kiss when
greeting relatives. From first hand, I can tell how difficult the change of a culture can be in a
family as in an organization. When Meg Whitman arrived at eBay, the company had only 30
employees. It is easier when organizations are small because everybody sees everybody and
that’s how a company’s culture is formed. “The arrangement of people and tasks to accomplish
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organizational goals is organizational structure” (Dubrin, 2016), very different from

organizational culture. Once the culture is established in an organization, it is instilled to the new
employees, by the environment and the experiences. The new employee, observes and practices
the traditions and values of the company. The culture is not part of the training, the co-workers
might mention hints, in conversations like: …and this is the way that we celebrate achievements
here. Another challenge is the definition and establishment the organization’s cultural norms, if
the company is planning to expand worldwide. “What the Korean team felt that it was
appropriate, it was quite different from what the Chinese team felt”, said Meg Whitman, when
she was interviewed by the Business Week magazine, in 2009. “The best way to create a culture
as we did at eBay was through a question, Whitman said, “Would you be proud to have your
family, your mom, your son and daughter watch you as you make decisions for the
organization?”” After passing all these tests, would you be able to stand in front of the world and
repeat what you just did or said? If yes, then that was the right thing to do. (Business week,
2009). One self is a company, we carry our brand on us. If we apply the same principles that
eBay apply to establish the culture of our organization, we would be more careful with what we
publish in social media.
When Meg Whitman stepped down from eBay to just be part of the Board the company was
operating in 30 countries and had over 15 000 individuals operating in four major divisions
(Business week, 2009).

Leadership Characteristics
Transactional leadership occurs when leaders and followers are in some type of exchange-
relationship to get needs met, according to James MacGregor Burns and transformational
leadership changes the status quo by appealing to follower’s values and their sense of higher
purpose. Transformational leaders discover the problem, create a vision of what the optimal
outcome represents and share this vision to the organization and followers. “This new vision is
intimately linked to the values of both, the leader and the followers; it represents an idea that is
congruent with their value system” (Hughes, Robert, & Curphy, 2019). Transformational
leadership produces positive changes and growth of people as these leaders help their followers
to become leaders also. The transformation of a society comes from the mere transformation of
the values and interest of its members (Hughes, Robert, & Curphy, 2019).
Meg Whitman has grown to be considered a situational leader. After her over 35 years working
as a CEO, she has obtained the experience to be able to adapt her style to the needs of the
company. During her years with eBay, the former e-Toys, she was able to develop and apply her
transactional leadership skills. Her focus was in controlling, organizing, and planning to create
the exceptional outcome that eBay had during her years leading the company. The expectations
of employees were high, and they were rewarded through reorganization and better positions as
they were faced with new challenges on a regular basis. Meg Whitman established clear goals
and defined the path that would promote growth for eBay. During her last year as CEO of eBay,
Meg Whitman acquired other businesses such as PayPal, Skype, Shopping.com and many more
that served the company and made them all part of the same vision. As a transactional leader she
was able to motivate and direct her followers as they perceived the opportunity to learn and grow
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in the accomplishments in their own self-interest. The leadership at eBay sustained close
monitoring and focused on great future leadership positions. The team maintained high standards
and kept the team from deviations as they provided the assistance needed, in time and in kind,
applying contingent rewards and avoiding the need to apply punishment as they helped the team
avoid mistakes (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2008).
In the case of Hewlett Packard Enterprises (HPE), Meg Whitman showed the business world her
role as a transformational leader when, she announced that after accomplishing the goal, to give
new life to, one of the biggest and more iconic companies in Silicon Valley. She would step
down from her CEO position, to give better opportunities to the new generation of leaders, who
would take over the new companies. She was able to train the new leader for HPE as they
worked together for four years and now, she considers Antonio Nery is totally prepared to step
into his new role. Antonio worked with Meg Whitman hand to hand as they crafted and
completed the new vision. This is the natural outcome when a leader with high potential is in the
hands of a true transformational leader as Meg Whitman. Antonio Neri was promoted to this
CEO position after working over 25 years at HP and in Meg Whitman’s opinion he loves the
company and the team as much as is needed to lead the new era of HP called HPE-Next
(Weismernald, 2017).
Transformational leadership improves the skills and behaviors of people as these leaders help
their followers to achieve goals to a better self. On the other side, “managerial leadership, when
practiced to an excess, can lead to managerialism” (Bush, 2018) at this point in managerial
leadership the practice and procedures become more important than the real goal (Bush, 2018) .
Meg Whitman considers herself a learner. She is always thinking about how to improve her
leadership style and what each situation calls for her to do. She positions herself as a big believer
in situational leadership. “One of the joys in my career has been to figure out what’s going to be
the most effective way to lead in different situations” (Greuther, Marc, 2017), Meg Whitman
stated as she was interviewed by Marc Greuther in 2017.
Speaking about team building, Meg Whitman recommends finding the best way to set “the right
people in the right rob at the right time with the right attitude” (Greuther, Marc, 2017). Attitude
is the most important ingredient that makes up for all other kinds of deficiencies. There are
people who see the glass half-full and people who sees it half-empty. The ones who see the glass
half-full are the energy givers and those are the ones to pick for your team. The second thing that
a leader should do is to build a team that has complementary strengths, and gets along well, the
teams that we call “one-for-all, all-for-one” (Greuther, Marc, 2017). To build a team like this is
not easy, even with the right tools and the right experience it can take years, but it took Meg
Whitman to build a team like this for HP only two or three years. Every leader needs to be
surrounded by people “who want to sign up for the adventure” (Greuther, Marc, 2017). There is
no perfect team, but when the team builds great channels of communication and has a vision,
every day the team becomes better.
On a lesson about the time for meetings, Meg Whitman thinks that it is better to start a meeting
talking about the problems, the things that are not going well, and after, if there is time, they can
talk about the other things like “the good news”. It is better to spend 90% of the time fixing and
improving than having only a few hours to plan the changes that need to be made. She has even
given a name to this time for sharing the problems and bad situations: “The parade of the
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horribles” (Greuther, Marc, 2017). The board of director or executive planning meetings are
more productive by starting directly to “the parade of the horribles” always. According to Meg
Whitman (Greuther, Marc, 2017).

Influences
“I am my mother’s daughter” said Meg Whitman when she was interviewed (Bloomberg-
Infobase, 2013). Her mother was a wonderful woman that raised her children always
encouraging them to give their best. In Meg Whitman’s mother words, you don’t need to be
perfect to be a leader. With these words in mind, she was brave enough to go to eBay after being
a top executive at Hasbro, the multimillion toy’s company (Forbes Billionaires, 2019). She also
remembers that Margaret Thatcher played a big role model to her life. Margaret Teacher was
called the “Iron Lady” when she was the Prime Minister of Great Britain when this was a male
dominated environment. Margaret Teacher was able to run her position with character
positioning all the women in the world, Meg Whitman said. (Greuther, Marc, 2017)
Meg Whitman has been an influence on many others. She has been a mentor to many during her
career. Protégés learn from mentors by observing, imitating and direct references or talks. The
mentor pass onto them values, skills and behaviors that will help the protégés in their career and
in life (Liu, Kwan, & Mao, 2012). Jules Pieri is one of the many. Jules Pieri is the founder and
CEO of a product-launch platform called The Grommet. She explains five leadership and
management lessons she learned from working for Meg Whitman in three different occasions. a)
Focus solely on the goal. b) Be brutally honest, c) Establish clarity with your reports, d)
Recognize credit repeatedly, e) Show your humanity. These five lessons have been a blessing of
wisdom that have helped her to launch and run her own company. Working as a utility player for
Whitman for four years helped her as she embraced Meg Whitman as a mentor (Buchanan,
2015). Mentoring is more than being a teacher, it involves a personal relationship. The mentor
acts as a guide, sponsor, and role model. The protégé learns from his/her mentor as they spend
time together and the mentor passes on those experiences. The key of a mentor is that this person
is regularly several levels higher in the organization. The mentor doesn’t’ have to be part of the
company or school, a mentor can be a professor, on even a person that retire (Hughes, Robert, &
Curphy, 2019).

Social Contributions
Meg Whitman, interviewed by Tina Seelig for eCorner, Stamford University Series, describes
how she wants to be remembered. She gives two examples of events when decisions are
challenging and opportunities to show the company’s values and character (Whitman, How do
you want to be remembered, 2017). In leadership there is a distinction between leaders and
managers. “Leaders do the right things whereas managers do things right” (Hughes, Robert, &
Curphy, 2019). In this conversation Meg Whitman reflects her powerful leadership position
when she makes the decision to stand for what it is right instead of accepting what is beneficial
in the short run for the company but is not right. Meg Whitman truly exemplifies the Theory Y
where leaders share a positive view of human nature in these two examples.
During her time as eBay’s CEO she made the decision to ban the sale of Nazi memorabilia and
bootleg copies of a violent video game. In these two cases, it was legal in the U.S, to sale Nazi
memorabilia and to adhere to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act to be able to sell the bootleg
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copies of that violent video game. When a leader of a company makes this kind of decisions is
not only setting what the character of the company is and it is closely related to the values and
character of its owners and founders.
Meg’s recommendation to the new generation of leaders is that it may be inconvenient to stand
for what you know is right even when is not beneficial for the goals of the company in this
moment. It may be that you must leave the company, but in the long run is your reputation the
one that will follow you all the time. “Someone who values personal integrity may be forced to
resign from an unethical company” (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2008).
Meg Whitman wants to be remembered as the helping hand also and always adhering herself to
“the golden rule” treat other people like you would like to be treated (Whitman, How do you
want to be remembered, 2017)
Meg Whitman makes monetary contributions also. In 2002 the Whitman family made a
significant contribution to Princeton University. The family donated $30 million for the
construction of the Whitman College (The Famous People. Com, 2018).
The Whitman College provides dormitory, social, cultural, educational, dining and recreational
space for 500 students. The students, members of all four undergraduate classes and some
graduate students also may encourage the interaction among the upper-class students (Marks,
2002). In the Bible, Mathew 6:21 says, for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
Meg Whitman’s heart must be in Princeton University at some extend.

The Power of Many

I read this book and I found it very interesting. The book is full of experiences and how she trusts
people. She describes how by applying the Y theory, eBay was able to grow to fulfil a need that
the world was demanding. As it takes a village to grow a child, the power of many has made
Meg Whitman the successful leader and woman that she is now. One of the values that Meg
Whitman instills to her projects, its transparency. If we try to hide something now, it is just a
matter of time for the world to know about it in this internet’s era. The use of technology not
always dehumanize us. Technology can give us the time to be in contact with people all over the
world and work together in projects that brings collaboration and it’s an incredible tool to create
art too.
Authenticity is another important aspect of a true leader. I would always say that trying to be
something that you are not, makes one a copy and a copy is never better than the original. In her
book Meg Whitman describes how she started to call herself, Margaret after graduating from
college because she wanted to sound more serious, but her mom is Margaret and she has always
been called Meg. She realized that the name was not as important as her performance (Whitman,
The power of many: Values for success in business and in life, 2010).
When you are flying, as I am literally doing now, the destination is the most important thing. My
most important goal now is to land safety my destination. It is a matter of dead or life.
Accomplishing a goal every single time you try it’s the way to be successful. “But what matters
most is whether or not you accomplish your mission” (Whitman, The power of many: Values for
success in business and in life, 2010). In business the results are black and white, either you
reached the goal or not.
“Stretch goals are an important element in leadership” (Whitman, The power of many: Values
for success in business and in life, 2010). If the goal set is a SMART one then the goal has to be
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10

a little bit harder, a little bit bigger and a little bit risky. After being specific, measurable,
attainable, reliable and time based, a goal has to be a little bit challenging. A team would keep
the momentum and the trill for success if each time they accomplish something they still find a
new challenge, a new goal that is bigger that what they have done. In her book, Meg Whitman
describes the challenges that they had to face as eBay focused on buying companies as Yahoo,
Skype, PayPal, and some others.
“Courage is contagious” (Whitman, The power of many: Values for success in business and in
life, 2010). Courage is not only to be brave and fight for what you believe. Courage is also to
stay still and wait for the perfect time to make your movement or to speak up at the right time is
in many ways the result of a trained character. A courage action without a powerful why can be
the spark to fly a rocket to the deep of the sea and never be found again. Meg Whitman gives
powerful insights about using courage to advance in professional careers. She explains the key
role her husband plays as a supporter of her career as he drives over 2 hours to his job daily in
order for her to live close to her office and having easy access to all the places she has to visit
during the day. “It take courage to drive 2 hours in Los Angeles, California traffic” (Whitman,
The power of many: Values for success in business and in life, 2010),
Controversial

There are several controversial topics in Meg Whitman’s life. She accepted that she has not had
participated in politics for over 16 years before her participation in 2008’s campaign. She
apologized and recognized that she should have paid more attention to use her voice and her
right to vote.
In politics there are several incidents that have given space to controversy. She ran for governor
and she spent millions from her personal funds over her campaign. She said that California
should band illegal immigrants from schools. In California, a state predominant Hispanic, this
was not accepted. She had an illegal immigrant working for her for over 10 years and after she
won the nomination for candidate, she fired her. It is difficult to hide from controversy right or
wrong, someone saw,
Present

After stepping down as CEO from HP, she still reminds as part of the Board of the company as
she has also reminded as member of the board of eBay, and some other companies. The new
business adventure for Meg Whitman is Qubit. A company that she launched with Jeffrey
Katzenberg in Los Angeles, California. The initial investment for Qubit was a billion dollars.
The investors supporting the launch of Qubit are 21st Century, Fox, Viacom, Alibaba, Goldman
Sachs and JP Morgan. The project is to create a Netflix for mobile devices, like smartphones,
tablets, etc. The main contain videos are planned to last no more than 15 minutes to please
millennials and some others that prefer short messages (Foroohar, 2019).
Meg Whitman is member of the board of some other non-profit organizations like Teach for
America.
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11

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two moments during her tenure as president and CEO of eBay when the e-commerce site was

faced with having t