Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

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CHEMISTRY 9701/41
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions October/November 2019
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Data Booklet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A Data Booklet is provided.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 20 printed pages.

IB19 11_9701_41/FP
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 An electrochemical cell is constructed using two half-cells.

● an Sn4+/Sn2+ half-cell
● an Al 3+/Al half-cell

(a) State the material used for the electrode in each half-cell.

● Sn4+/Sn2+ half-cell ................................................................................................................

● Al 3+/Al half-cell ....................................................................................................................

[1]

(b) The cell is operated at 298 K.

The Al 3+/Al half-cell has standard concentrations.

The Sn4+/Sn2+ half-cell has [Sn4+] = 0.300 mol dm–3 and [Sn2+] = 0.150 mol dm–3.

(i) Use the Nernst equation to calculate the electrode potential, E, of the Sn4+/Sn2+ half-cell
under these conditions.

E = .............................. V [2]

(ii) Calculate the Ecell under these conditions.

Ecell = .............................. V [1]

(iii) Write an equation for the overall cell reaction that occurs.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(c) Aluminium is produced industrially by electrolysis of a melt containing large amounts of

Al 3+ ions.

Calculate the mass of aluminium that is obtained when a current of 300 000 A is passed for
24 hours. Give your answer to three significant figures.

mass = .............................. units = ..............................

[4]

(d) Explain why chromium metal cannot be obtained by the electrolysis of dilute aqueous
chromium(II) sulfate. Your answer should include data from the Data Booklet.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 12]

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2 When Cl NO2 reacts with NO an equilibrium is established.

Cl NO2(g) + NO(g) NO2(g) + Cl NO(g)

In each Cl NO2 molecule the nitrogen atom is bonded to the chlorine atom and bonded to each of
the oxygen atoms separately.

(a) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for the Cl NO2 molecule.

[2]

(b) The reaction between Cl NO2 and NO is first order with respect to each reactant.

(i) Write the rate equation for this reaction.

rate = ............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Deduce the units of the rate constant, k, when the concentrations of both gases are
measured in mol dm–3 and the rate is measured in mol dm–3 s–1.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State and explain whether or not the reaction could take place in a single step.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) An experiment is carried out in which the initial [Cl NO2] is 2.0 × 10–4 mol dm–3. A large excess
of NO is used. The initial rate of reaction is 1.0 × 10–4 mol dm–3 s–1. The rate of the reaction is
assumed to be constant for the first 0.20 seconds.

(i) Draw a graph on the grid to show how the concentration of Cl NO2 varies for the first
0.20 seconds.

3.0 × 10–4

2.5 × 10–4

2.0 × 10–4

[Cl NO2]
/ mol dm–3
1.5 × 10–4

1.0 × 10–4

0.5 × 10–4

0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
time / s
[2]

(ii) Deduce the concentration of the NO2 product at 0.20 seconds.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) After 20 seconds the concentration of Cl NO2 remains constant.

Explain this observation.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

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3 (a) Explain what is meant by the term entropy of a system.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State and explain whether the entropy change of each of the following processes is positive or
negative. Do not consider the entropy change of the surroundings.

● liquid water at 80 °C is cooled to 60 °C

The entropy change is ............................... because ................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

● solid calcium chloride is added to water and the mixture is stirred

The entropy change is ............................... because ................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

● the change corresponding to the lattice energy of calcium chloride, ΔHlatt CaCl 2(s), takes
place

The entropy change is ............................... because ................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) The reaction ZnCO3(s) ZnO(s) + CO2(g) is not spontaneous at room temperature.

(i) Give the full name for the term ΔG o.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe how the temperature at which the reaction becomes spontaneous can be
calculated. Include an equation in your answer.

equation ..............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

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4 Phenylethanone is an important chemical with many uses.

phenylethanone
CH3
C

(a) Phenylethanone can be synthesised using benzene as one of the starting materials.

Identify the other reagents used and describe any essential reaction conditions.

4 I uts ethanol chloride ascot

....................................................................................................................................................

Alds catalyst
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Phenylethanone is treated separately with three reagents.

Complete the table, for each reagent, to give the structural formula of one organic product
formed and the name of the mechanism involved. If there is no reaction you should write ‘no
reaction’.

reagent organic product name of mechanism

freeradical
chlorine gas at 10 °C in the
presence of ultra-violet light E É card rubetituton

a mixture of concentrated nitric A

COCH
ES
and sulfuric acids at 50 °C
Ho

no reation
bromine water X

[5]

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(c) Phenylethanone reacts with HCN in the presence of a small amount of NaCN.

(i) Name the mechanism of this reaction.

Nucleophilic addition
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw the mechanism of this reaction below. Include all relevant charges, dipoles, lone
pairs and curly arrows. Your mechanism should show the catalytic role of CN– ions.

phenylethanone intermediate product

Etten
CH3
ftC
ago O
E
on
Effort.eu
[4]

(d) Phenylethanone can be used as a starting material to make phenylethene in a two-step

synthesis.

phenylethene
phenylethanone D
H H
CH3
step 1 step 2 C C

Editor
C
H
O

(i) Draw the structure of compound D in the box. [1]

(ii) Identify a suitable reagent for step 1.

Lilla
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Identify a suitable reagent for step 2.

cone Inbox
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iv) State the number of peaks in the C-13 NMR spectrum of phenylethene.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Suggest C-13 chemical shift ranges expected for the different types of carbon environment
in phenylethanone.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 18]

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ts
5 Silver sulfide, Ag2S, is very insoluble in water.

(a) (i)
Ayes
Write an expression for the solubility product, Ksp, of Ag2S(s).
ray
Ksp =
CAST IS
[1]

(ii) The solubility of Ag2S(s) in water at 298 K is 1.16 × 10–17 mol dm–3.

Calculate the numerical value of the solubility product, Ksp, of Ag2S(s) at 298 K.

3 104737
Ksp 2 2 46

Ksp = .............................. [2]

(iii) Calculate the minimum volume of water needed to dissolve 1.00 g of Ag2S(s) under
standard conditions.

volume = .............................. dm3 [2]

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(b) Bromic(I) acid, HOBr(aq), is a weak acid. Its Ka is 2.0 × 10–9 mol dm–3.

(i) Calculate the pH of 0.20 mol dm–3 HOBr(aq).

pH = .............................. [2]

(ii) 5.0 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm–3 potassium hydroxide, KOH, are added to 20.0 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm–3
HOBr(aq).

Calculate the pH of the buffer solution produced.

pH = .............................. [2]

[Total: 9]

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6 The elements in Group 2 include magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.

O
(a) (i) Write an equation for the change representing the first ionisation energy of magnesium.
Include state symbols.

(ii)
uggs aggie
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

Write an equation for the reaction of strontium with cold water. Include state symbols.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe and explain the trend in reactivity observed in the reactions of these Group 2
metals with cold water.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The Group 2 metal nitrates decompose when heated.

(i) Describe fully what is seen when anhydrous calcium nitrate is heated in a test-tube and
decomposition occurs.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write an equation for the decomposition of calcium nitrate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe and explain the variation in thermal stability of the Group 2 metal nitrates down
the group.

more stable I group

.............................................................................................................................................

cation radius 7 chargedensity of n't

............................................................................................................................................. d
1405 is less polovised
....................................................................................................................................... [3]

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(c) Describe and explain the variation in the solubility of the Group 2 metal sulfates down the
group.

D less soluble
....................................................................................................................................................

okay Ottnd both become lessexothermic

....................................................................................................................................................

d the snap
....................................................................................................................................................

offme I more than oilcan

....................................................................................................................................................

Hal becomes more endothermic

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

oka ol tryd o Hat [Total: 12]

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7 Manganese, chromium and ruthenium are all transition elements.

(a) Explain what is meant by a transition element.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) MnO4–(aq) and Cr2O72–(aq) act as oxidising agents in acidic solution. Both these oxidising
agents will oxidise a solution of Sn2+ to give a solution of Sn4+. Solutions containing Sn2+ and
solutions containing Sn4+ are colourless.

(i) Describe the colour change seen when an excess of Sn2+(aq) is added separately to

● dilute acidified MnO4–(aq)

from ............................................................... to ...............................................................

● dilute acidified Cr2O72–(aq).

from ............................................................... to ...............................................................

[1]

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction between Sn2+(aq) and acidified Cr2O72–(aq).

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Ruthenium, Ru, forms complex ions. In one such complex ion, X, the ruthenium ion has a
co-ordination number of six. Each complex ion X contains one Ru2+ ion, one Cl – ion, one SO2
molecule and the remaining ligands are NH3 molecules.

The SO2 molecule acts as a monodentate ligand and is attached to the Ru2+ ion via the sulfur
atom. X exists in two isomeric forms.

(i) State what is meant by a co-ordination number of six.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the formula of X. Include its charge.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iii) Draw the two isomeric forms of X in the boxes below. Your diagrams should show

● the three-dimensional shapes of the two isomers

● how each ligand is attached to the central ruthenium ion.

Ru Ru

[3]

(iv) Suggest the type of isomerism shown by X.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Explain the origin of colour in a transition element complex such as X.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 12]

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8 Proteins are natural polymers. When one particular protein is partially hydrolysed the product
mixture includes tripeptide E.

tripeptide E

HO
O O
H
N NH3+
O
S
N
I
–

H
O

HO O

(a) (i) Describe the conditions that could be used to hydrolyse E to produce a mixture of three
amino acids.

reflux with strong and alkali

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw the structures of the three amino acids produced by this hydrolysis reaction.

The three amino acids should be shown in the correct form for the conditions you have
chosen in (a)(i).

Hor Nth to NA p
10th

no o

[2]

(b) If a pure sample of E is obtained in aqueous solution, several different types of intermolecular
forces are possible between pairs of E molecules.

Name three different types of intermolecular force that exist between pairs of E molecules,
stating the groups on the molecules where the forces are acting.

type of force/bond pair of groups responsible

H body Ni I co

id id Hemant d.ph41 co wtf it on

This wrist co
[3]

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(c) Polyesters and polyamides are two important types of condensation polymer.

(i) Draw the structure of a compound that can polymerise to produce a polyamide, without
the need for a second monomer.

C E
I on d

[1]

(ii) Draw the structures of two different compounds that can polymerise together to produce a

o
polyester with four carbon atoms per repeat unit. Name the two compounds.

Ho C C OH C C
on

ethane 1,2 did

name ................................................... ethanediois aid
name ...................................................

[4]

[Total: 11]

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9 The structure of butamben is shown.

butamben
O

H 2N

(a) Butamben can act as a base.

(i) Complete the equation for a reaction in which butamben acts as a base.

on
O +
Ht
H 2N

Ruth t t t 1210113
Ntly
[1]

(ii) Predict whether butamben is a stronger or weaker base than ammonia. Give a reason for
your answer.

weaker
.............................................................................................................................................

lil of N delocalised into beaten ring

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Complete the reaction scheme below to show the structural formulae of the products formed
when butamben is treated separately with the stated reagent.

s
O

H 2N

HNO2(aq) + HCl (aq)

Br2(aq)
5 °C
d cto him

on
I Br
N
on

n
NaOH(aq)
under reflux

waft one won

[3]

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(c) The proton NMR spectrum of butamben in CDCl 3 contains one or more peaks that show a
triplet splitting pattern.

(i) State the number of peaks in the spectrum that show a triplet splitting pattern.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) On the diagram of butamben below, circle the protons responsible for the peak or peaks
you identified in (c)(i).

H O H H
H H
H C C C
O C C H
H H
H H H
N H

H H
[1]

(iii) Describe and explain how the proton NMR spectrum of butamben in D2O would differ from
the proton NMR spectrum of butamben in CDCl 3.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) The mass spectrum of butamben includes peaks at m/e 92 and 57.

Identify the fragments responsible for these peaks.

m/e 92 = .....................................................................................................................................

m/e 57 = .....................................................................................................................................
[1]

[Total: 10]

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