Chem A2 Week 2 Test

Cambridge International AS & A Level
*6340228845*
CHEMISTRY9701/41
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions October/November 2020
2 hours
You must answer on the question paper.
You will need: Data booklet
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working, use appropriate units and use an appropriate number of significant
figures.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 100.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 24 pages. Blank pages are indicated.
IB20 11_9701_41/FP
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
2
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 Nitrogen monoxide, NO, reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide, NO2.
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
The rate equation for the forward reaction is shown.
rate = k[NO]2[O2]
(a) Complete the following table.
the order of reaction with respect to [NO]
the order of reaction with respect to [O2]
the overall order of reaction

[1]
(b) Two separate experiments are carried out at 30 °C to determine the rate of the forward reaction.
experiment [NO] / mol dm–3 [O2] / mol dm–3 rate / mol dm–3 s–1
1 0.00300 0.00200 1.51 × 10–4
2 0.00500 6.05 × 10–5
(i) Use the data for experiment 1 to calculate the value of the rate constant, k. State the units
of k.
k = .............................. units = ..............................

[2]
(ii) Calculate the value of [NO] in experiment 2.
[NO] = .............................. mol dm–3 [1]
(c) Define the term rate-determining step.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
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3
(d) Peroxodisulfate ions, S2O82–, react with iodide ions, I–.
S2O82– + 2I– → 2SO42– + I2
The rate equation for the reaction in the absence of any catalyst is shown.
rate = k[S2O82–][I–]
(i) Suggest equations for a two-step mechanism for this reaction, stating which of the two
steps is the rate-determining step.
step 1 ...................................................................................................................................
step 2 ...................................................................................................................................
rate-determining step = ..............................

[2]
(ii) A large excess of peroxodisulfate ions is mixed with iodide ions. Immediately after mixing,
[I–] = 0.00780 mol dm–3. Under the conditions used, the half-life of [I–] is 48 seconds.
Calculate the iodide ion concentration 192 seconds after the peroxodisulfate and iodide
ions are mixed.
iodide ion concentration = .............................. mol dm–3 [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20 [Turn over

4
2 (a) The lattice energies of three ionic compounds are given.
compound lattice energy / kJ mol–1

LiF(s) –1022
CaO(s) –3513
SrO(s) –3310
(i) Define the term lattice energy.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain why the lattice energy of CaO is more exothermic than the lattice energy of LiF.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Use the data in the table to estimate approximate values for the lattice energies of
magnesium oxide and barium oxide.
∆HlattMgO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1
∆HlattBaO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1

[1]
(b) (i) Write an equation for the reaction between BaO and H2O.
Include state symbols.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State and explain how the solubilities of the hydroxides of the Group 2 elements vary
down the group.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [4]
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5
(c) Use the following data and relevant data from the Data Booklet to calculate a value for the
lattice energy of magnesium fluoride, MgF2(s).
You might find it helpful to construct an energy cycle.

Show your working.
electron affinity of F(g) = –348 kJ mol–1

enthalpy change of atomisation of Mg(s) = +147 kJ mol–1
enthalpy change of formation of MgF2(s) = –1102 kJ mol–1
∆HlattMgF2(s) = .............................. [3]
(d) (i) Define the term electron affinity.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) The electron affinity of carbon, C(g), is –120 kJ mol–1.
Suggest an explanation for the difference between the electron affinity of fluorine and the
electron affinity of carbon.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 15]

6
3 (a) Identify the substances liberated at the anode and at the cathode during the electrolysis of
aqueous sodium sulfate, Na2SO4(aq).
anode ..........................................................................................................................................
cathode .......................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) When molten sodium chloride is electrolysed, chlorine is liberated at the anode and sodium is
liberated at the cathode.
A sample of molten sodium chloride is electrolysed for 1.50 hours using a current of 4.50 A.
Calculate the volume of chlorine and the mass of sodium that are liberated under room
conditions.
volume of chlorine = .............................. dm3
mass of sodium = .................................. g

[4]
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7
(c) The equation representing the standard electrode potential, E o, for the reduction of MnO4–(aq)
to Mn2+(aq) in acid solution is given.
MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) E o = +1.52 V
(i) Draw a diagram of the apparatus that would be used to measure the E o value of this
half-cell. Your diagram should be fully labelled to identify all apparatus, substances and
conditions.
[4]
(ii) Use the Data Booklet to identify a substance that could be used to oxidise Mn2+ ions to
MnO4– ions under standard conditions.
Write an equation for the reaction.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 11]

8
4 (a) (i) Give the mathematical expression for each of the terms pH and Kw.
pH = .....................................................................................................................................
Kw = ......................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Calculate the pH of 0.027 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq).
pH = .............................. [1]
(b) The Ka value of chloric(I) acid, HCl O, is 3.72 × 10–8 mol dm–3.
Calculate the pH of 0.010 mol dm–3 HCl O(aq).
pH = .............................. [1]
(c) Water and octan‑1‑ol form two layers when mixed.
Ethanamide is more soluble in water than it is in octan‑1‑ol. When 1.00 g of ethanamide is

added to 50.0 cm3 of water and this is then shaken with 50.0 cm3 of octan‑1‑ol, it is found that
the water layer contains 0.935 g of ethanamide at equilibrium.
(i) Calculate the partition coefficient, Kpc, for ethanamide in water and octan‑1‑ol.
Kpc = .............................. [1]
(ii) The 50.0 cm3 of water containing 0.935 g of ethanamide is then shaken with 100.0 cm3 of
pure octan‑1‑ol under the same conditions.
Calculate the mass of ethanamide that is dissolved in the 100.0 cm3 of octan‑1‑ol at
equilibrium.
mass of ethanamide = .............................. g

[2]
[Total: 7]
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9
5 A solution is made by dissolving CuSO4•5H2O in an excess of aqueous ammonia. This solution

contains the copper complex [Cu(NH3)4]2+.
(a) (i) Write an expression for the Kstab of [Cu(NH3)4]2+.
Kstab =
[1]
(ii) State the colour of the solution of [Cu(NH3)4]2+.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
The solution of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is heated gently in a fume cupboard so that NH3 is released. Some NH3
remains in solution and some forms NH3 gas. The colour of the solution changes; a precipitate of
Cu(OH)2 forms and is collected.
A sample of Cu(OH)2 is added to concentrated hydrochloric acid. A reaction takes place forming a
coloured copper complex, Y.
A sample of Cu(OH)2 is added to dilute sulfuric acid. A reaction takes place forming a coloured
copper complex, Z.
[Cu(NH3)4]2+, Y and Z are different colours.
(b) Suggest an equation for the reaction of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ to form Cu(OH)2 as the aqueous solution
of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is heated.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Suggest an equation for the reaction of Cu(OH)2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, forming Y.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Complete the table with the colour and geometry of complex Y and the colour, geometry and
formula of complex Z.
Y Z
colour of complex
geometry of complex
formula of complex
[2]

10
(e) Explain why complexes Y and Z are coloured and why their colours are different.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [5]
[Total: 12]
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11
6 (a)
When 1.0 mol dm–3 Na2S2O3(aq) is added to a solution containing Ag+(aq) ions, a linear complex,
P, is formed. S2O32– ions are present in P as monodentate ligands.
(i) Define the term monodentate ligand.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Give the formula of P, including its charge.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) When 1.0 mol dm–3 NaCN(aq) is added to a solution of P, a mixture which includes a second
linear complex, Q, is formed. In this mixture the concentration of Q is much greater than the
concentration of P.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when NaCN(aq) is added to a solution of P.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest a reason why the concentration of Q is much greater than the concentration of P
in the mixture.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Name the type of reaction in which P forms Q.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

12
(c) Platinum forms a complex ion with the formula [Pt(CN)2Cl 2]2–. In this complex ion the carbon
atom of each CN– ligand bonds to the platinum ion. This complex shows stereoisomerism.
(i) There are only two isomers of this complex.
Draw structures of these two isomers in the boxes below.
Pt Pt
[1]
(ii) Describe the geometry of [Pt(CN)2Cl 2]2–.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Name the type of stereoisomerism shown by [Pt(CN)2Cl 2]2–.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 9]
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13
7 Phenol, C6H5OH, is a weak acid.
(a) Phenol can be made from phenylamine, C6H5NH2.
Give the reagents and conditions for this reaction.
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Phenol reacts with dilute aqueous nitric acid under room conditions to give a mixture of two
isomeric products with molecular formula C6H5NO3.
Use the Data Booklet to draw the structural formulae of these two products in the boxes and
name each product.
name ................................... name ...................................

[2]
(c) Phenol reacts with an excess of aqueous bromine.
(i) Draw and name the organic product of this reaction in the box.
name ...................................
[2]

14
(ii) Describe two visual observations that can be made when phenol reacts with an excess of
aqueous bromine.
observation 1 .......................................................................................................................
observation 2 .......................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) Write an equation for a neutralisation reaction in which phenol behaves as an acid.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Water, phenol and ethanol can all behave as acids.
Place these three compounds in order of acidity, starting with the most acidic.
Explain your answer.
.................................... > .................................... > ....................................

most acidic least acidic
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 11]
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15
8 Benzene, C6H6, can be obtained from crude oil.
(a) Benzene reacts with bromine, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, forming bromobenzene as
one product.
(i) Give the name or formula of the other product of this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) In the presence of the catalyst, bromine can be considered to form the electrophile Br+.
Complete the mechanism by which benzene reacts with Br+, using curly arrows to show
the movement of electron pairs.
Br+ Br
+ H+
intermediate
[2]
(iii) Name this mechanism.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

16
(b) Benzene can be used as a starting material in the synthesis of cyclohexylmethanol, C6H11CH2OH,
as outlined below.
CH2CH3
step 1 step 2
A
KMnO4
+
OH–(aq)
benzene heat step 3
CH2OH CH2OH
step 4
cyclohexylmethanol
(i) Identify a suitable reagent and a suitable catalyst for step 1.
reagent ................................................................................................................................
catalyst ................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Draw the structure of A.
[1]
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17
(iii) Identify suitable reagents for steps 3 and 4.
step 3 ...................................................................................................................................
step 4 ...................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iv) Deduce the number of peaks in the carbon‑13 NMR spectrum of cyclohexylmethanol.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 10]

18
9 The proton NMR spectrum of compound E in the solvent CDCl 3 is shown. The molecular formula
of compound E is C9H10O2.
5
2
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
δ / ppm
(a) Explain why CDCl 3 is used as a solvent instead of CHCl 3.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Explain why TMS is added to give the small peak at chemical shift δ = 0.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Compound E is hydrolysed by hot NaOH(aq), giving two organic products only. One of these
products is ethanol.
Name the functional group in compound E that is hydrolysed by hot NaOH(aq).
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) (i) Describe and explain the splitting patterns of the peaks at δ = 1.4 and δ = 4.3.
splitting pattern at δ = 1.4 ....................................................................................................
reason for splitting pattern at δ = 1.4 ...................................................................................
splitting pattern at δ = 4.3 ....................................................................................................
reason for splitting pattern at δ = 4.3 ...................................................................................

[2]
(ii) Each molecule of compound E contains five protons which give rise to the peaks between
δ = 7.0 and δ = 8.5.
Identify the functional group in compound E which contains these protons.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
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19
(iii) Give the structural formula of compound E.
[1]
(e) The mass spectrum of compound E includes fragment ions with m/e values of 29 and 77.
Give the formulae of these fragment ions.
fragment ion with m/e = 29 .........................................................................................................
fragment ion with m/e = 77 .........................................................................................................

[2]
[Total: 9]

20
10 (a) The table shows three pairs of monomers that are capable of polymerisation.
Complete the table by identifying each type of polymerisation.
pair of monomers type of polymerisation
HOCH2CH2OH and HO2CCH2CO2H
O O
C C and HO OH
Cl Cl
CH3CHCF2 and CH3CHCH2

[1]
(b)
2‑aminopropanoic acid, CH3CH(NH2)CO2H, can polymerise under suitable conditions. No
other monomer is involved in this reaction.
(i) Draw a section of the polymer chain formed including three monomer residues. Clearly
identify one repeat unit on your diagram.
[3]
(ii) 2‑aminopropanoic acid, CH3CH(NH2)CO2H, exists as two stereoisomers.
Draw three-dimensional diagrams to show the two stereoisomers of 2‑aminopropanoic acid.

State the type of stereoisomerism shown.
type of stereoisomerism ......................................................................................................

[2]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

21
(c) The skeletal formula of compound W is shown.
When W is mixed with a second compound, called a hardener, a polymerisation reaction

occurs, producing a non-solvent-based adhesive.
(i) Give the name of this type of non-solvent-based adhesive.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) The hardener is a diamine. A diamine has an alkyl chain with two amine groups which are
not bonded to the same carbon atom.
Draw the structural formula of a compound that would make a suitable hardener.
[1]
[Total: 8]

22
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23
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© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

24
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publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

4
1 (a) The lattice energies of three ionic compounds are given.
compound lattice energy / kJ mol–1

LiF(s) –1022
CaO(s) –3513
SrO(s) –3310
(i) Define the term lattice energy.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain why the lattice energy of CaO is more exothermic than the lattice energy of LiF.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Use the data in the table to estimate approximate values for the lattice energies of
magnesium oxide and barium oxide.
∆HlattMgO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1
∆HlattBaO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1

[1]
(b) (i) Write an equation for the reaction between BaO and H2O.
Include state symbols.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

6
2 (a) Identify the substances liberated at the anode and at the cathode during the electrolysis of
aqueous sodium sulfate, Na2SO4(aq).
anode ..........................................................................................................................................
cathode .......................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) When molten sodium chloride is electrolysed, chlorine is liberated at the anode and sodium is
liberated at the cathode.
A sample of molten sodium chloride is electrolysed for 1.50 hours using a current of 4.50 A.
Calculate the volume of chlorine and the mass of sodium that are liberated under room
conditions.
volume of chlorine = .............................. dm3
mass of sodium = .................................. g

[4]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

7
(c) The equation representing the standard electrode potential, E o, for the reduction of MnO4–(aq)
to Mn2+(aq) in acid solution is given.
MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) E o = +1.52 V
(i) Draw a diagram of the apparatus that would be used to measure the E o value of this
half-cell. Your diagram should be fully labelled to identify all apparatus, substances and
conditions.
[4]
[Total: 9]

8
pH = .....................................................................................................................................
Kw = ......................................................................................................................................
[2]
pH = .............................. [1]
pH = .............................. [1]

Kpc = .............................. [1]
equilibrium.

[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

13
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
name each product.
name ................................... name ...................................

[2]
name ...................................
[2]

14
aqueous bromine.
observation 1 .......................................................................................................................
observation 2 .......................................................................................................................
[1]
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
.................................... > .................................... > ....................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 11]
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15
one product.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
Br+ Br
+ H+
intermediate
[2]
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

16
as outlined below.
CH2CH3
step 1 step 2
A
KMnO4
+
OH–(aq)
benzene heat step 3
CH2OH CH2OH
step 4
cyclohexylmethanol
reagent ................................................................................................................................
catalyst ................................................................................................................................
[2]
[1]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

8
pH = .....................................................................................................................................
Kw = ......................................................................................................................................
[2]
pH = .............................. [1]
pH = .............................. [1]

Kpc = .............................. [1]
equilibrium.

[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

8
pH = .....................................................................................................................................
Kw = ......................................................................................................................................
[2]
pH = .............................. [1]
pH = .............................. [1]

Kpc = .............................. [1]
equilibrium.

[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

13
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
name each product.
name ................................... name ...................................

[2]
name ...................................
[2]

14
aqueous bromine.
observation 1 .......................................................................................................................
observation 2 .......................................................................................................................
[1]
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
.................................... > .................................... > ....................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

15
one product.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
Br+ Br
+ H+
intermediate
[2]
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

16
as outlined below.
CH2CH3
step 1 step 2
A
KMnO4
+
OH–(aq)
benzene heat step 3
CH2OH CH2OH
step 4
cyclohexylmethanol
reagent ................................................................................................................................
catalyst ................................................................................................................................
[2]
[1]
© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

Cambridge International AS & A Level
*0123456789*
CHEMISTRY9701/04
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions For examination from 2022
SPECIMEN PAPER 2 hours
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 100.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.
● Important values, constants and standards are printed in the question paper.
This document has 24 pages. Blank pages are indicated.
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over

2
1 (a) (i) State what is meant by partition coefficient.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
Ammonia is soluble in both water and organic solvents.

An aqueous solution of ammonia is shaken with the immiscible organic solvent
trichloromethane. The mixture is left to reach equilibrium.
Samples are taken from each layer and titrated with dilute hydrochloric acid.
• A 25.0 cm3 sample from the trichloromethane layer requires 13.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3
HCl to reach the end-point.
• A 10.0 cm3 sample from the aqueous layer requires 12.5 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 HCl to
reach the end-point.
(ii) Calculate the partition coefficient, Kpc, of ammonia between trichloromethane and water.
Show your working.
Kpc = ........................................................... [2]
(iii) Butylamine, C4H9NH2, is also soluble in both water and organic solvents.
Suggest how the numerical value of Kpc of butylamine between trichloromethane and
water would compare to the value of Kpc calculated in (a)(ii). Explain your answer.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Butanamide, C3H7CONH2, is much less basic than butylamine. Explain why.
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

3
2 The feasibility of a chemical reaction depends on the standard Gibbs free energy change, ∆Gɵ.
This is dependent on the standard enthalpy and entropy changes, and the temperature.
(a) State and explain whether the following processes will lead to an increase or decrease in
entropy.
(i) the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid
entropy change ....................................
explanation .................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the dissolving of solid potassium chloride in water
entropy change ....................................
explanation .................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) the condensing of water from steam
entropy change ....................................
explanation .................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Magnesium carbonate can be decomposed on heating.
MgCO3(s) → MgO(s) + CO2(g) ∆H ɵ = +117 kJ mol–1
Standard entropies are shown in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
substance MgCO3(s) MgO(s) CO2(g)

S ɵ / J K–1 mol–1 +65.7 +26.9 +214
(i) Calculate ∆Gɵ for this reaction at 298 K.

Show your working.
∆G ɵ = ............................................. kJ mol–1 [3]
(ii) Explain why this reaction is feasible only at high temperatures.
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22 [Turn over

4
(c) Table 2.2 lists values of solubility products, Ksp, of some Group 2 carbonates.
Table 2.2
solubility product in water at

298 K, Ksp / mol2 dm–6
MgCO3 1.0 × 10–5
CaCO3 5.0 × 10–9
SrCO3 1.1 × 10–10
Deduce the trend in the solubility of the Group 2 carbonates down the group. Justify your
answer using the data given.
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) (i) Write an equation to show the equilibrium for the solubility product of MgCO3. Include
state symbols.
................................................................ ⇌ ................................................................ [1]
(ii) With reference to your equation in (d)(i), suggest what is observed when a few cm3
of concentrated Na2CO3(aq) are added to a saturated solution of MgCO3. Explain your
answer.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Use the data in Table 2.2 to calculate the solubility of MgCO3 in water at 298 K, in g dm–3.
Show your working.
solubility of MgCO3 = ................................................ g dm–3 [2]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

5
(f) Describe and explain the variation in the thermal stabilities of the carbonates of the Group 2
elements.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 16]

6
3 (a) The initial rate of the reaction of chlorine dioxide, Cl O2, and fluorine, F2, is measured in a
series of experiments at a constant temperature.
2Cl O2 + F2 → 2Cl O2F
The results obtained are shown in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
experiment [Cl O2] / mol dm–3 [F2] / mol dm–3 initial rate /
mol dm–3 s–1
1 0.010 0.060 2.20 × 10–3
2 0.025 0.060 to be calculated
3 to be calculated 0.040 7.04 × 10–3
The rate equation is rate = k[Cl O2][F2].
(i) Explain what is meant by order of reaction with respect to a particular reagent.
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Use the results of experiment 1 to calculate the rate constant, k, for this reaction. Include
the units of k.
k = ............................. units ............................. [2]
(iii) Use the data in Table 3.1 to calculate the initial rate in experiment 2.
initial rate = ...................................... mol dm–3 s–1 [1]
(iv) Use the data in Table 3.1 to calculate [Cl O2] in experiment 3.
[Cl O2] = ............................................ mol dm–3 [1]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

7
(b) (i) Explain what is meant by rate-determining step.
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The mechanism of the reaction between Cl O2 and F2 has two steps.
Suggest equations for the two steps of this mechanism.
step 1 .................................................................................................................................
step 2 .................................................................................................................................
[1]
(iii) State and explain which of the two steps is the rate-determining step.
rate-determining step = ..........................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Describe the effect of temperature change on the rate of a reaction and the rate constant.
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]

8
4 (a) 4-nitromethylbenzene can be prepared via an electrophilic substitution reaction as shown in

Fig. 4.1.
methylbenzene intermediate T 4-nitromethylbenzene
CH3 CH3 CH3
conc. HNO3
conc. H2SO4
H NO2 NO2
Fig. 4.1
(i) This reaction also forms an isomer of 4-nitromethylbenzene as a by-product. Draw the
structure of this by-product.
[1]
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction between HNO3 and H2SO4 that forms the electrophile
for this reaction.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Describe how the structure and bonding of the six-membered ring in intermediate T differ
from those in methylbenzene. In your answer refer to the hybridisation, the π bonding
and the bond angles in the ring system.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

9
(b) Benzocaine is used as a local anaesthetic. It can be synthesised from 4-nitromethylbenzene

by the route shown in Fig. 4.2.
4-nitromethylbenzene
CH3 CH3 CH3
step 1 step 2
NO2 NH2 NHCOCH3
step 3
benzocaine W
COOCH2CH3 COOH COOH
CH3CH2OH step 4
NH2 NH2 NHCOCH3
Fig. 4.2
(i) Give the systematic name of compound W.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest the reagents and conditions for step 1.
step 1 ............................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Suggest the reagent for step 2.
step 2 ............................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Suggest the reagents and conditions for step 3 and step 4.
step 3 .................................................................................................................................
step 4 .................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) A sample of benzocaine was analysed by carbon-13 NMR and proton NMR spectroscopy.
(i) Predict the number of peaks in the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of benzocaine.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

10
Benzocaine was dissolved in CDCl 3 and the proton NMR spectrum of this solution was
recorded as shown in Fig. 4.3.
benzocaine
COOCH2CH3
NH2
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
δ / ppm
Fig. 4.3
(ii) The data in Table 4.2 should be used in answering this question.
Complete Table 4.1 for the chemical shifts δ 1.2 ppm, 3.5 ppm and 5.5 ppm.
Table 4.1
δ / ppm environment number of 1H atoms splitting pattern

of proton responsible for the peak
1.2
3.5
5.5
attached to
4 7.1–7.4
two doublets
aromatic ring
[3]
(iii) Explain the splitting pattern for the absorption at δ1.2 ppm.
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

11
Table 4.2
chemcial shift
Environment of proton Example
range, δ / ppm
alkane –CH3, –CH2–, >CH– 0.9–1.7
alkyl next to C=O CH3–C=O,–CH2–C=O, 2.2–3.0
>CH–C=O
alkyl next to aromatic ring CH3–Ar, –CH2–Ar, 2.3–3.0
>CH–Ar
alkyl next to electronegative atom CH3–O,–CH2–O, 3.2–4.0
–CH2–Cl
attached to alkene =CHR 4.5–6.0
attached to aromatic ring H–Ar 6.0–9.0
aldehyde HCOR 9.3–10.5
alcohol ROH 0.5–6.0
phenol Ar–OH 4.5–7.0
carboxylic acid RCOOH 9.0–13.0
alkyl amine R–NH– 1.0–5.0
aryl amine Ar–NH2 3.0–6.0
amide RCONHR 5.0–12.0

12
(d) Benzocaine can also be used to synthesise the azo compound S by the following route.
benzocaine R
COOCH2CH3
step 1
NH2
phenol
step 2 NaOH(aq), OH
Fig. 4.4
(i) Suggest the reagent(s) used for step 1.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest structures for compounds R and S and draw them in the boxes in Fig. 4.4. [2]
[Total: 19]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

13
5 (a) Lattice energies are always negative showing that they represent exothermic changes.
(i) Explain what is meant by lattice energy.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why lattice energy is an exothermic process.
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
Table 5.1
energy change value / kJ mol–1

standard enthalpy change of atomisation of potassium +89
electron affinity of O(g) –141
electron affinity of O–(g) +798
standard enthalpy change of formation of potassium oxide –361
first ionisation energy of potassium +418
second ionisation energy of potassium +3070
first ionisation energy of oxygen +1310
second ionisation energy of oxygen +3390
O=O bond energy (diatomic molecule) +496
O–O bond energy (polyatomic molecule) +150
Use relevant data from Table 5.1 to calculate the lattice energy, ∆H ɵlatt, of potassium
(b) (i)
oxide, K2O(s).
Show your working.
∆H ɵlatt, of K2O(s) = ............................................. kJ mol–1 [3]

14
(ii) State how ∆H ɵlattNa2O(s) differs from ∆H ɵlattK2O(s).

Indicate this by placing one tick () in the appropriate box in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2
∆H ɵlattNa2O(s) is less ∆H ɵlattNa2O(s) is the same ∆H ɵlattNa2O(s) is more

negative than∆H ɵlattK2O(s) as ∆H ɵlattK2O(s) negative than ∆H ɵlattK2O(s)
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

15
6 (a) Define a transition element.
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) NH3 acts as a monodentate ligand. State what is meant by monodentate ligand.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Aqueous silver ions, Ag+(aq), react with aqueous ammonia, NH3(aq), to form a linear
complex.
Suggest the formula of this complex, including its charge.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) There are two isomeric complex ions with the formula [Cr(NH3)4Cl 2]+. One is green and the
other is violet.
(i) Suggest the type of isomerism shown by these two complex ions.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why these two complex ions are coloured and why they have different colours.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [4]

16
(d) The ligand ethane-1,2-diamine, H2NCH2CH2NH2, is represented by en.

Nickel forms the complex ion [Ni(en)3]2+ in which it is surrounded octahedrally by six nitrogen
atoms.
Draw three-dimensional diagrams to show the stereoisomers of [Ni(en)3]2+.
isomer 1 isomer 2
Ni Ni
[2]
(e) Ethane-1,2-diamine is a useful reagent in organic chemistry.
(i) Explain how the amino groups in ethane-1,2-diamine allow the molecule to act as a
Brønsted-Lowry base.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of ethane-1,2-diamine with an excess of hydrochloric
acid.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) (i)
Under certain conditions ethane-1,2-diamine reacts with ethanedioic acid, HOOCCOOH,
to form the polymer Z.
Draw the structure of polymer Z, showing two repeat units.
[2]
(ii) Name the type of reaction occurring during this polymerisation.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 17]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

17
7 (a) Sketch the shape of a 3dxy orbital.
y x
[1]
(b) (i) Some transition elements and their compounds behave as catalysts. Explain why
transition elements behave as catalysts.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Catalysis can be classified as heterogeneous or homogeneous.

Complete Table 7.1 by placing one tick () in each row to indicate the type of catalysis in
each reaction.
Table 7.1
type of catalysis
reaction
heterogeneous homogeneous
Fe in the Haber process
Fe2+ in the I– / S2O82– reaction
NO2 in the oxidation of SO2
[1]

18
(c) A solution containing a mixture of Sn2+(aq) and Sn4+(aq) is added to a solution containing a
mixture of Fe2+(aq) and Fe3+(aq).
Table 7.2 lists electrode potentials for some electrode reactions of these ions.
Table 7.2
electrode reaction Eɵ / V
Fe2+ + 2e– ⇌ Fe –0.44
Fe3+ + 3e– ⇌ Fe –0.04
Fe3+ + e– ⇌ Fe2+ +0.77
Sn2+ + 2e– ⇌ Sn –0.14
Sn4+ + 2e– ⇌ Sn2+ +0.15
E ɵ data from the table can be used to predict the reaction that takes place when the two
solutions are mixed.
(i) Write an equation for this reaction.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate E ɵcell for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

19
(d) Hexaaquairon(III) ions are pale violet. They form a colourless complex with fluoride ions, F–,
as shown in equilibrium 1, and a deep-red complex with thiocyanate ions, SCN–, as shown in
equilibrium 2.
equilibrium 1 [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + F– ⇌ [Fe(H2O)5F]2+ + H2O Kstab = 2.0 × 105 mol–1 dm3

violet colourless
equilibrium 2 [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + SCN– ⇌ [Fe(H2O)5SCN]2+ + H2O Kstab = 1.0 × 103 mol–1 dm3
violet deep-red
The following two experiments are carried out.
Experiment 1: A few drops of KSCN(aq) are added to 5 cm3 of Fe3+(aq), followed by a few
drops of KF(aq).
Experiment 2: A few drops of KF(aq) are added to 5 cm3 of Fe3+(aq), followed by a few drops
of KSCN(aq).
(i) Predict and explain the sequence of colour changes you would observe in each of
Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.
Experiment 1 ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Experiment 2 ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
[4]
(ii) Name the type of reaction occurring during the experiments in (d)(i).
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Solutions of iron(III) salts are acidic due to the equilibrium shown.
[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+(aq) + H+(aq) Ka = 8.9 × 10–4 mol dm–3
Calculate the pH of a 0.25 mol dm–3 FeCl 3 solution.

Show your working.
pH = ........................................................... [2]
[Total: 13]

20
8 Ibuprofen and paracetamol are pain-relief drugs.
O O
OH
N OH
H
ibuprofen paracetamol
Fig. 8.1
(a) Ibuprofen and paracetamol both contain the aryl (benzene) functional group.
Name the other functional groups present in each molecule.
ibuprofen ....................................................................................................................................
paracetamol ...............................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Ibuprofen contains a chiral centre and has two enantiomers.
(i) State one similarity and one difference in the physical or chemical properties between
the two enantiomers.
similarity .............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
difference ...........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain what is meant by racemic mixture.
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

21
(c) Paracetamol reacts separately with the two reagents shown in the table.
Complete Table 8.1 by:

• drawing the structures of the organic products formed,
• stating the types of reaction.
Table 8.1
reagent organic product structure type of reaction
LiAl H4
an excess of Br2(aq)
[3]

22
(d) One of the steps in the manufacture of ibuprofen is shown in Fig. 8.2.
X Y
CH3COCl
Al Cl 3
O
Fig. 8.2
(i) Write an equation to show how Al Cl 3 generates the electrophile for the conversion of
X into Y.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Draw the mechanism for the conversion of X into Y. Include all necessary curly arrows
and charges.
[3]
(iii) Write an equation to show how the Al Cl 3 is regenerated.
........................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

23
Important values, constants and standards
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Faraday constant F = 9.65 × 104 C mol–1
Avogadro constant L = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1
electronic charge e = –1.60 × 10–19 C
molar volume of gas Vm = 22.4 dm3 mol–1 at s.t.p. (101 kPa and 273 K)
Vm = 24.0 dm3 mol–1 at room conditions
ionic product of water Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6 (at 298 K (25 °C))
specific heat capacity of water c = 4.18 kJ kg–1 K–1 (4.18 J g–1 K–1)
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
© UCLES 2019
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1.0 4.0
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
6.9 9.0 relative atomic mass 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23.0 24.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 – 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
24
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
9701/04/SP/22
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.4 – 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.1 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232.0 231.0 238.0 – – – – – – – – – – –
23
Important values, constants and standards
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Faraday constant F = 9.65 × 104 C mol–1
Avogadro constant L = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1
electronic charge e = –1.60 × 10–19 C
molar volume of gas Vm = 22.4 dm3 mol–1 at s.t.p. (101 kPa and 273 K)
Vm = 24.0 dm3 mol–1 at room conditions
ionic product of water Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6 (at 298 K (25 °C))
specific heat capacity of water c = 4.18 kJ kg–1 K–1 (4.18 J g–1 K–1)
© UCLES 2019 9701/04/SP/22

The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
© UCLES 2019
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1.0 4.0
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
6.9 9.0 relative atomic mass 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23.0 24.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 – 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
24
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
9701/04/SP/22
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.4 – 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.1 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232.0 231.0 238.0 – – – – – – – – – – –

Chem A2 Week 2 Test

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Cambridge International AS & A Level

You must answer on the question paper.

You will need: Data booklet

This document has 24 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)

The rate equation for the forward reaction is shown.

(a) Complete the following table.

the order of reaction with respect to [NO]

the order of reaction with respect to [O2]

the overall order of reaction

 k = .............................. units = ..............................

(ii) Calculate the value of [NO] in experiment 2.

 [NO] = .............................. mol dm–3 [1]

(c) Define the term rate-determining step.

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

(d) Peroxodisulfate ions, S2O82–, react with iodide ions, I–.

S2O82– + 2I– → 2SO42– + I2

rate-determining step = ..............................

 iodide ion concentration = .............................. mol dm–3 [1]

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20 [Turn over

2 (a) The lattice energies of three ionic compounds are given.

compound lattice energy / kJ mol–1

(i) Define the term lattice energy.

 ∆HlattMgO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1

 ∆HlattBaO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

You might find it helpful to construct an energy cycle.

electron affinity of F(g) = –348 kJ mol–1

 ∆HlattMgF2(s) = .............................. [3]

(d) (i) Define the term electron affinity.

(ii) The electron affinity of carbon, C(g), is –120 kJ mol–1.

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20 [Turn over

 volume of chlorine = .............................. dm3

 mass of sodium = .................................. g

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) E o = +1.52 V

Write an equation for the reaction.

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20 [Turn over

(ii) Calculate the pH of 0.027 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq).

Calculate the pH of 0.010 mol dm–3 HCl O(aq).

(c) Water and octan‑1‑ol form two layers when mixed.

Ethanamide is more soluble in water than it is in octan‑1‑ol. When 1.00 g of ethanamide is

 Kpc = .............................. [1]

 mass of ethanamide = .............................. g

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

5 A solution is made by dissolving CuSO4•5H2O in an excess of aqueous ammonia. This solution

(a) (i) Write an expression for the Kstab of [Cu(NH3)4]2+.

(ii) State the colour of the solution of [Cu(NH3)4]2+.

[Cu(NH3)4]2+, Y and Z are different colours.

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20 [Turn over

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20

(i) Define the term monodentate ligand.

(ii) Give the formula of P, including its charge.

(iii) Name the type of reaction in which P forms Q.

© UCLES 2020 9701/41/O/N/20 [Turn over

(i) There are only two isomers of this complex.

Draw structures of these two isomers in the boxes below.

(ii) Describe the geometry of [Pt(CN)2Cl 2]2–.

The rate equation for the forward reaction is shown.

(a) Complete the following table.

k = .............................. units = ..............................

(ii) Calculate the value of [NO] in experiment 2.

[NO] = .............................. mol dm–3 [1]

(c) Define the term rate-determining step.

(d) Peroxodisulfate ions, S2O82–, react with iodide ions, I–.

rate-determining step = ..............................

iodide ion concentration = .............................. mol dm–3 [1]

2 (a) The lattice energies of three ionic compounds are given.

(i) Define the term lattice energy.

∆HlattMgO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1

∆HlattBaO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1

You might find it helpful to construct an energy cycle.

∆HlattMgF2(s) = .............................. [3]

(d) (i) Define the term electron affinity.

(ii) The electron affinity of carbon, C(g), is –120 kJ mol–1.

volume of chlorine = .............................. dm3

mass of sodium = .................................. g

Write an equation for the reaction.

(ii) Calculate the pH of 0.027 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq).

Calculate the pH of 0.010 mol dm–3 HCl O(aq).

(c) Water and octan‑1‑ol form two layers when mixed.

Ethanamide is more soluble in water than it is in octan‑1‑ol. When 1.00 g of ethanamide is

Kpc = .............................. [1]

mass of ethanamide = .............................. g

5 A solution is made by dissolving CuSO4•5H2O in an excess of aqueous ammonia. This solution

(a) (i) Write an expression for the Kstab of [Cu(NH3)4]2+.

(ii) State the colour of the solution of [Cu(NH3)4]2+.

[Cu(NH3)4]2+, Y and Z are different colours.

(i) Define the term monodentate ligand.

(ii) Give the formula of P, including its charge.

(iii) Name the type of reaction in which P forms Q.

(i) There are only two isomers of this complex.

Draw structures of these two isomers in the boxes below.

(ii) Describe the geometry of [Pt(CN)2Cl 2]2–.

(iii) Name the type of stereoisomerism shown by [Pt(CN)2Cl 2]2–.

7 Phenol, C6H5OH, is a weak acid.

(a) Phenol can be made from phenylamine, C6H5NH2.

Give the reagents and conditions for this reaction.

(c) Phenol reacts with an excess of aqueous bromine.

(e) Water, phenol and ethanol can all behave as acids.

8 Benzene, C6H6, can be obtained from crude oil.

(iii) Name this mechanism.

(i) Identify a suitable reagent and a suitable catalyst for step 1.

(ii) Draw the structure of A.

(iii) Identify suitable reagents for steps 3 and 4.

(a) Explain why CDCl 3 is used as a solvent instead of CHCl 3.

Name the functional group in compound E that is hydrolysed by hot NaOH(aq).

reason for splitting pattern at δ = 4.3 ...................................................................................

Identify the functional group in compound E which contains these protons.

(iii) Give the structural formula of compound E.

Give the formulae of these fragment ions.

fragment ion with m/e = 29 .........................................................................................................

fragment ion with m/e = 77 .........................................................................................................

Complete the table by identifying each type of polymerisation.

(ii) 2‑aminopropanoic acid, CH3CH(NH2)CO2H, exists as two stereoisomers.

Draw three-dimensional diagrams to show the two stereoisomers of 2‑aminopropanoic acid.

type of stereoisomerism ......................................................................................................

(c) The skeletal formula of compound W is shown.

When W is mixed with a second compound, called a hardener, a polymerisation reaction

(i) Give the name of this type of non-solvent-based adhesive.

(i) Define the term lattice energy.

∆HlattMgO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1

∆HlattBaO(s) = .............................. kJ mol–1

volume of chlorine = .............................. dm3

mass of sodium = .................................. g

(ii) Calculate the pH of 0.027 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq).

Calculate the pH of 0.010 mol dm–3 HCl O(aq).

(c) Water and octan‑1‑ol form two layers when mixed.

Ethanamide is more soluble in water than it is in octan‑1‑ol. When 1.00 g of ethanamide is

Kpc = .............................. [1]

mass of ethanamide = .............................. g

(a) Phenol can be made from phenylamine, C6H5NH2.

Give the reagents and conditions for this reaction.

(c) Phenol reacts with an excess of aqueous bromine.