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SCIENCE 6
SJA SELF-LEARNING KIT NO. 3

SUBJECT AND GRADE LEVEL: TEACHER:

Science 6 Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua
QUARTER: Second Quarter

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELCS):

The learner…
Explain how the organs of each organ system work together

INTRODUCTION
Your body has complex parts. Like all organisms, the basic structural unit of the human body is the
cell. The cells make up a tissue. Many tissues form an organ. Organs performing similar functions
become part of an organ system. The human body comprises different organ systems. Look closely at
your body parts. Feel the beat of your heart. Observe the way you move. How do organs work
together to help you function properly? What habits should you practice to keep you healthy? You can
observe your vital signs if any of your organs are not working properly. Your doctor normally checks
your vital signs to diagnose illnesses.
TABLE OF ALL THE LESSON OP-SIENA GRADUATE ATTRIBUTE

Develop the essential skills of

Lesson 7: The Musculoskeletal and scientific inquiry- designing
Integumentary System: simple investigation using
appropriate procedure
materials and tools to gather
evidences and data under
study.

II. PRE-ASSESSMENT

Scan this lesson to search for the concepts needed. Then complete this concept chart. Write your
answers in the respective boxes

SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 1

 The Muscular System The Skeletal System The Integumentary System
Composed of: Composed of: Composed of:
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________

Work as: Work as:

Work as:
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________

III. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the topic, students will be able to…

1. State the parts and functions of the following human body systems: musculoskeletal,
integumentary, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and nervous;
2. Explain how different organ systems work together; and
3. Demonstrate how to take good care of one’s body systems

IV. PLATFORMS:
Google Meet
Google Classroom
CLE (Aralinks)

V. NEED TO DISCOVER

Human bones are strong, but they still break. It is painful when bones break. Perform the simulation
activity here to see what happens when bones break.

Materials: One small hammer, one long bone of a chicken, one straw, two balloons, one masking
tape, one pair of goggles

Procedure:
1. Wear goggles.
2. Inflate the two balloons. Tie the opening of each balloon.
3. Tape both balloons at one end of the straw. See the figure here

SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 2

 .

4. Observe the parts of the long bone as shown here. You will use the
diaphysis in this activity.
4. Observe the parts of the long bone as shown here. You will use the diaphysis in this activity.
5. Tap one of the balloons with the diaphysis three times. Observe the
tapped balloon.

*diaphysis - the shaft or central part of a long bone.

5. Tap one of the balloons with the diaphysis three times. Observe the tapped balloon.

6. Hammer the long bone at the diaphysis until it breaks.

Note: Be careful in using the hammer. Do not hammer the bone on your
table or on the tiled floor.
7. Tap the other balloon with the diaphysis of the broken long bone
three times. Observe the tapped balloo
6. Hammer the long bone at the diaphysis until it breaks.
Note: Be careful in using the hammer. Do not hammer the bone on your table or on the tiled floor.

7. Tap the other balloon with the diaphysis of the broken long bone three times. Observe the tapped
balloon

Guide Questions:

1. What happened to the balloon after being tapped with the long bone?
_______________________________________________

2. What happened to the balloon after being tapped with the broken long bone?
_______________________________________________

SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 3

 3. If the balloons represent a part of the respiratory system, what are those parts?
______________________________________________

4. What part of the body does the long bone represent?

_______________________________________________

5. Why do you have to wear goggles in doing the activity?

_______________________________________________

VI. NEED TO DISCUSS

Organs perform many specific roles in your body. Organs working together form a
system. It is, therefore, important to keep the organs of our body systems healthy.

Skeletal System

The skeletal system comprises more than 200 bones that cover your entire body. Some bones protect
your internal organs. The skull protects the brain. The lungs and the heart are protected by the ribs.
The backbone, a group of bones that runs through your back, protects your spinal cord and keeps
your body upright. Your hands, feet, and joints are connected through your bones

A joint is where two bones meet.

The bones at the joints are held
together by ligaments, which are

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 tough tissues in your body. Joints
and
ligaments make movement
possible. For example, when you
walk, the joints
in your legs help you move your
legs easily.
Some bones in your body are
immovable such as your skull.
But there are
bones that are flexible. These
bones include the bones in your
fingers. These
flexible bones, along with the
muscles and tissues that connect
them, allow
SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 5
 you to move at certain directions
and in different ways.
Besides protecting your organs,
the skeletal system also supports
your
body. Look at yourself in the
mirror. You can stand because of
your bones.
Observe how tall you are. Your
height depends on the length of
the bones.
Do you know that your bones also
produce blood cells? You have
two
types of blood cells—the red
blood cell that carries oxygen and
SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 6
 the white
blood cell that destroys harmful
microorganisms in your body.
These blood
cells are made in the bone
marrow, a soft tissue in your
bone.
While your bones are naturally
strong, they can still break. A
broken bone
is called a fracture. Recall your
activity in Launch Pad. Fractures
happen
when too much force is applied
on a bone, causing it to break or
shatter.
SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 7
 Severe fractures can affect your
body organs. The small, sharp
fractured
bones can damage sensitive
internal organs such as the brain,
lungs, or
heart.
Your joints and ligaments can
also get injured. If you step on a
bumpy
surface, you may accidentally
twist your ankle, which is the
joint connecting
your foot to your leg. This may
cause a sprain. You have to be
careful in
SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 8
 walking or running.
There are many ways to take good
care of your bones. Here are
pictures
that show how to keep your bones
strong and heal
A joint is where two bones meet. The bones at the joints are held together by ligaments, which are
tough tissues in your body. Joints and ligaments make movement possible. For example, when you
walk, the joints in your legs help you move your legs easily.

Some bones in your body are immovable such as your skull. Besides protecting your organs, the
skeletal system also supports your body. Look at yourself in the mirror. You can stand because of
your bones. Observe how tall you are. Your height depends on the length of the bones.

Do you know that your bones also produce blood cells? You have two types of blood cells—the red
blood cell that carries oxygen and the white blood cell that destroys harmful microorganisms in your
body. These blood cells are made in the bone marrow, a soft tissue in your bone.

While your bones are naturally strong, they can still break. A broken bone is called a fracture. Recall
your activity in Launch Pad. Fractures happen when too much force is applied on a bone, causing it
to break or shatter. Severe fractures can affect your body organs. The small, sharp fractured bones
can damage sensitive internal organs such as the brain, lungs, or heart.

Your joints and ligaments can also get injured. If you step on a bumpy surface, you may accidentally
twist your ankle, which is the joint connecting your foot to your leg. This may cause a sprain. You
have to be careful in walking or running.There are many ways to take good care of your bones. Here
are pictures that show how to keep your bones strong and healthy

Muscular System

There are muscles all over the body; your body has more than 600 of them. Muscles give your body
its shape. Observe your arms, legs, and waist. They are shaped that way because of your muscles.

As discussed earlier, both your bones and muscles work together to make you move easily. Muscles
either contract (get shorter) or relax (get longer) to make you move. Muscles that can be moved at
will are called voluntary muscles or skeletal muscles. These are the muscles you use to walk, clap,
and do other activities.

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 Meanwhile, muscles that are
beyond your conscious control are
called
involuntary muscles like the
smooth and cardiac muscles.
Smooth muscles
include the muscles in your
digestive and respiratory systems,
and cardiac
muscles (include muscles in your
heart). Smooth and cardiac
muscles are
SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 10
 responsible for your vital
functions such as breathing, blood
circulation, and
digestion. These vital functions
continue even though you do not
consciously
control them
Meanwhile, muscles that are beyond your conscious control are called involuntary muscles like the
smooth and cardiac muscles. Smooth muscles include the muscles in your digestive and respiratory
systems, and cardiac muscles (include muscles in your heart). Smooth and cardiac muscles are
responsible for your vital functions such as breathing, blood circulation, and digestion. These vital
functions continue even though you do not consciously control them

You have to rest your muscles

after using them for a long period
of time.
Overuse of muscles may result in
muscle spasms. During a muscle
spasm,
your muscles have prolonged
SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 11
 contraction. Having a muscle
spasm is painful.
Protein-rich food develops
muscles properly. Proteins can be
found in
fish, lean meat, and beans. You
have to eat protein-rich food,
along with
regular exercise, to keep your
muscles healthy and stron
You have to rest your muscles after using them for a long period of time. Overuse of muscles may
result in muscle spasms. During a muscle spasm, your muscles have prolonged contraction. Having
a muscle spasm is painful.Protein-rich food develops muscles properly. Proteins can be found in
fish, lean meat, and beans. You have to eat protein-rich food, along with regular exercise, to keep
your muscles healthy and strong

Integumentary System

The integumentary system comprises the skin, the hair and nails, some glands, and some nerves.
The skin is the first protection of your body against external elements such as the harmful rays of the
sun and abrupt changes in temperature. It also gives you the sense of touch.

The ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun do not go deep into our body because of the melanin in the skin.
Melanin absorbs UV rays, but only to

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 an extent. If UV rays exceed the amount that melanin can block, you get sunburnt. Sunburn is very
painful. To avoid sunburns, you have to wear sunblock or sunscreen to protect your skin. You may
also wear loose clothes and sunglasses if you are going to stay outside for too long. Frequent
overexposure to UV rays may result in skin cancer.

The skin can regulate your body temperature. If it is hot, the skin releases perspiration or sweat.
Perspiration also helps you dispose of waste materials in your body.

Sweat is mainly made up of water and minerals. Sweating a lot during an exercise activity loses a lot
of water and minerals. You have to replace them with water and minerals also. You may get
dehydrated if you don’t drink enough water after doing strenuous physical activities

Hair and nails are found on the skin. The hair on your head protects the scalp from extreme
temperature outside. Nails are important for your hand grip. People without nails have a lesser grip
than those who have nails.
The skin can usually repair itself. However, a wound can also become an entry point of disease-
carrying bacteria and germs. Applying alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or povidone-iodine on the wound
prevents infection.Here are ways that you can take good care of your skin.

VII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

I. Read and analyze the following question. Write the letter of the correct answer.

_____ 1. Which of the following is not an organ of the integumentary system?

a.Nails b. Skin c. Hair d. Eyes

_____ 2. Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system?

SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 13

 a. It provides protection to the human body.
b. It provides support and framework for the body.
c. It is the main system for processing and breaking down food.
d. It regulates the elimination of some of the body wastes and fluids in the body.

_____ 3. Dogs pant, and pigs love to wallow in the mud. These actions allow them to regulate their
body temperature. The reason for these kinds of behavior is that these animals lack _____.

a.hair b. nails c. sweat glands d. endocrine glands

_____ 4. How many bones make up the adult human skeletal system?

a. 204 b. 206 c. 205 d. 207

_____ 5. Where can you locate the smallest bones of the human skeletal system?

a. Eyes b. Ears c. Nose d. Tongue

_____ 6. Which of the following is not a function of the human skeletal system?

a. It provides protection for the body’s internal organs.

b. It regulates the storage of calcium in the body.
c. It controls body temperature.
d. It facilitates the production of blood cells.

_____ 7. Which of the following muscles does not belong to the group?

a. Heart muscles b. Muscles along the alimentary canal c. Diaphragm d. Biceps

_____ 8. Which of the following is not true about the functions of the human muscular system?

I. It is responsible for our ability to move.

II. It is responsible for pumping blood to our body.
III. It provides the basic framework of the body.

a. II only b. I and II c. III only d. II and III

_____ 9. Which specialized tissue connects a bone to a muscle?

a. Tendon b. Ligament c. Cartilage d. Fat

_____10. Which of the following muscles is voluntary by nature?

a. Cardiac muscles
b. Smooth muscles
c. Skeletal muscles
d. All muscles given are voluntary

II. Classify the body organ as part of the skeletal, muscular, or integumentary system. Write your
answers under the appropriate column.

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 1. Hair 5. Skull 8. Spinal column
2. Fingernails 6. Ligament 9. Subcutaneous fat layer
3. Tendon 7. Smooth muscles 10. Epidermis
4. Yellow bone marrow

Skeletal System Organs Integumentary System Muscular System Organs

Organs

III. Write True if the statement is true. If it is false, underline the wrong word or phrase.

_____ 1. The dermis contains the pigment called melanin.

_____ 2. Muscles and bones help you move.
_____ 3. The internal organs such as the stomach and intestines have skeletal muscles.
_____ 4. Involuntary muscles are muscles that move at our own will.
_____ 5. The pores of the skin enlarge when it is hot.
_____ 6. The cell is the basic unit of life.
_____ 7. The subcutaneous fat layer serves as the shock absorber of the body.
_____ 8. Sebaceous glands produce sweat.
_____ 9. Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles.
_____ 10. The red bone marrow produces blood cells

VIII. VALUES STATEMENT

The following illustrations show various activities that promote the proper care of the integumentary
and the musculoskeletal systems. Indicate what specific benefit we can get from these activities. Write
your answers on the blanks opposite each illustration.

________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 15

 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

5.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

Reflective Questions:

1. There are people who have skin conditions such as vitiligo, which gives pale, uneven, white
patches on the skin. How would you react if ever you see people with skin conditions? Explain your
answer.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. Are you taking proper care of your bones, muscles, and skin? Why do you say so?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 16

 IX. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Musculoskeletal System
 Answer page 77 Refresh (Cyber Science Rev. 6)
 Answer page 78- 80 Click On (Cyber Science Rev. 6)
 Answer page 82- 83 Zoom In (Cyber Science Rev. 6)

Integumentary System
 Answer page 88 Refresh (Cyber Science Rev. 6)
 Answer page 88-89 Click On (Cyber Science Rev. 6)
 Answer page 90 -91 Zoom In (Cyber Science Rev. 6)

X. SYNTHESIS

Write a paragraph showing at least five key concepts that you have learned from the lesson.

Musculoskeletal System
 Answer page 81 Save As (Cyber Science Rev. 6)

Integumentary System
 Answer page 89 Save As (Cyber Science Rev. 6)

XI. ASSIGNMENT

Answer the following questions

1. What are the things you do to take care of your skin every day?
How do you maintain the habit of doing it every day?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. What was the worst injury that you ever had? How do you keep yourself from suffering the same
injury again?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. What are the things you do to keep your bones strong?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Musculoskeletal System

SJA Gr. SLK in Science: Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua Page 17

  Answer page 81-82 Move On (Cyber Science Rev. 6)

Integumentary System

 Answer page 90 Move On (Cyber Science Rev. 6)

REFERENCES:
 Adduru-Quilang, Myrna .Ph D. 2018.Cyber Science. Rev 6 .Rex Book store Inc.Philipines.
 Abracia,Ed,D. Jordan. Ramos. 2013. Science in our world.Vibal Publisher House. Inc.
 https://youtu.be/sC75G3x6xNo

Prepared by:

Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua

Subject Teacher

Checked by: Noted by:

Mrs. Aiza G. Trillana Sr. Enriqueta B. Arnaiz, O.P.

SATL-Math & Science Director/Principal

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