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    Thesis of The Water

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    JERRYTECH COMPUTERS

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    Thesis of The Water

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    JERRYTECH COMPUTERS
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    Thesis of the Water

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    Thesis of The Water

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    JERRYTECH COMPUTERS

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    EVALUATION OF THE WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS FROM SOURCES OF WATER

    USED FOR FISH FARMING IN AGRICULTURAL ZONES OF LAGOS STATE


    1
    Okunade, O. A., 1Akintayo, I. A. 1Soboyejo, I. O., 1Awonuga, A. A., 1Oyeniyi, O. V., 1Lawal,
    B. M., 1Oke, A. I., 1Popoola, O. R., 1Aboluwodi, A. S., 1Ejiogu, I. I., 1Olurole, A. O., and
    2
    Ojetayo, T. A.
    1
    Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos State,
    Nigeria.
    2
    Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago – Iwoye, Ogun State
    Corresponding author: olumideokunade@yahoo.ca 08034984980
    ABSTRACT
    The quality of water sources in aquaculture is a significant factors determining the suitability of
    sites selections and sustainability of the fish farming processes. The two major sources of water
    used for fish farming were boreholes and spring/stream water impoundment. 125 sample sites
    were randomly selected from Lagos State agricultural zones (Lagos East LE, Lagos West LW
    and Lagos Far – East LFE) covering the rainy season (63) and dry season (62). The physico –
    chemical parameters monitored were pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite,
    alkalinity, hardness and iron using standard analytical method. Boreholes were used more in both
    seasons: rainy (LE 83.33%, LW 71.43%) and dry (LE 73.33%, LW 66.67%, LFE 66.67%) while
    water impoundment was used more in LFE 66.67% during the rainy season. The water quality
    parameters recorded were within the acceptable range required for fish farming except the pH
    that may need to be buffered before using for aquaculture purposes due to ranges in boreholes
    and impounded water from 4.43 – 7.25 and 5.7 – 7.96 respectively in rainy season while 4.7 –
    7.32 and 5.43 – 8.64 respectively in dry season. LFE depended more on impounded water
    sources than other zones probably because most of the farming activities were closed to the
    coastal areas while inland fish farming were prominent in LE and LW. The result generally
    indicates that the zones have potentials for more fish farming activities while special attention
    must be given to pH level in some areas having values below the acceptable limit for fish
    production.
    Keywords: physico-chemical, site selection, sustainability, fish farming, potential
    INTRODUCTION
    Water quality is the most significant factor that influences good growth performances and fish
    health management (Tumwesigye et al., 2022). Therefore, the quality and sufficiency must be
    considered for suitable site selections for fish farming (Aniebone, 2018) in the sense that the
    consequence of physico – chemical characteristics determines the level of success or failure of
    fish farming (Moses, 1983). Therefore, the source of water used in fish farming must be carefully
    chosen since there are complex interactions among different factors such as temperature, p H,
    dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, hardness and other water quality parameters in which their
    inadequacies can influence loss of appetites, retarded growth, disease burden, low survival rate
    (Chainark and Boyd, 2010) and high mortality (Dias et al., 2012) during operations.

    In aquaculture, the most important water quality parameters are pH, temperature,

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