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Jurnal Mantik, 6 (2) (2022) 1421-1427

Published by:Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Jurnal Mantik
Journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/mantik/index

Effect of Occupational Safety, Health (K3) and Leadership Style on


Employee Work Productivity Mediated by Discipline in Operations
PTPN IV Balimbingan
Hazmanan Khair1, R.Sabrina2, Rizki Wulanita Batubara3
1,2
Lecturer of Master of Management Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
3
Students of Master of Management Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

E-mail: hazmanankhair@umsu.ac.id

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the effect of occupational health safety (K3) and
leadership style on employee work productivity mediated by employee discipline
Article history: in the operational section of PTPN IV Balimbingan. The research method used is
Received: May 28, 2022 quantitative research, where the variables are measured using a Likert scale. The
Revised: Jun 05 , 2022 number of samples in this study was 39 employees of the operational section of
Accepted: Jun 24, 2022 PTPN IV Balimbingan. Data collection techniques used in this research are
document studies and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used Structural
Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart-PLS. The results of the study indicate
that (1) Safety and occupational health (K3) has a significant effect on the work
productivity of employees at PTPN IV Balimbingan. (2) Directly safe,
occupational health (K3) has a significant effect on employee discipline at PTPN
IV Balimbingan. (3) Directly leadership style has a significant effect on
employee work productivity at PTPN IV Balimbingan. (4) Directly leadership
style has a significant effect on employee discipline at PTPN IV Balimbingan. (5)
Directly discipline has a significant effect on work productivity at PT. Nusantara
IV Balimbingan Plantation. (6) Indirectly safety, and occupational health (K3)
Keywords: significantly influence work productivity through employee discipline at PTPN
Occupational Safety, IV Balimbingan. In other words, discipline acts as a mediator between
Health (K3), occupational safety and health (K3) on work productivity. (7) Indirectly,
Leadership Style, leadership style has a significant effect on work productivity through the
Discipline, discipline of PTPN IV Balimbingan employees. In other words, discipline acts as
Work Productivity a mediator between leadership style and work productivity. This study was only
limited by three factors, namely: occupational health safety (K3), leadership
style, and discipline. Besides, this study also limits the discipline variable as a
mediating variable. Further research can discuss other variables such as
motivation, work environment, work ethic, skills, education, and so on. This
research is limited only to employees of the operational division.
Copyright © 2022 Jurnal Mantik.
All rights reserved

1. Introduction
The ideals and hopes of every company are a success in achieving company goals, both small, medium,
and large companies. Company leaders must understand and take into account the magnitude of the factors
that affect the production process by paying attention to labor as an important factor in increasing
productivity (Ballian, 2020). Work productivity is a result of work requirements that must be met by
employees to obtain maximum results whereas, in practice, work productivity lies in the human factor as the
executor of work activities (Prabawa, 2022). Work productivity can be interpreted as the ability to take
advantage of the available facilities and infrastructure by producing optimal output, even if possible
maximum (Rahmat, 2017). The capabilities referred to in this definition are not only related to facilities and
infrastructure, but also relate to the use of time and human resources. Several factors affect employee work
productivity, one of which is: program (K3), leadership style, and discipline.
A company is required to be able to increase the productivity of existing human resources (A. F. Nasib,
2020). The productivity of human resources is determined by the extent to which the existing system in the
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Jurnal Mantik is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Jurnal Mantik, Vol. 6 , No. 2, August 2022, pp. 1421-1427 E-ISSN 2685-4236

company can support and satisfy the wishes of all parties. If a company cares about the existence and welfare
of employees, employees will increase their work productivity towards the company. When employees have
a sense of security and comfort because they feel they are getting good protection from the company, then the
employee will also work with a calm feeling and will work well. It is expected that employees of companies
like this will have maximum work productivity.
One of the efforts in implementing protection for employees is by implementing the Occupational
Health and Safety program. Work safety is showing conditions that are safe or safe from suffering, damage,
or loss in the workplace. Meanwhile, occupational health is a condition that is free from physical, mental,
emotional, or pain disorders caused by the work environment (Mangkunegara, 2013).
Employee productivity in an organization is influenced by the program (K3) and Leadership Style. The
existence of a leader in an organization or company is considered very important because leaders have a
strategic role in achieving company goals and leaders in their leadership need to show the leadership style
that will be applied to their employees (Setha, 2022). In the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role
of leadership greatly determines the running of an organization or company facing increasingly complex and
uncertain demands (H. A. H. R. Nasib, 2022). Such conditions demand the capabilities and skills of leaders
in managing changes in the strategic environment of the organization through effective leadership (Chaniago,
2018). Leaders are required to have broad perception and insight in dealing with real conditions faced by the
organization, such as providing employee direction to further improve discipline in implementing the rules of
safety and work health programs (Asmawiani, 2020). Furthermore, identifying supervision in employee
discipline has an impact on the ups and downs of work productivity of company employees (Thamrin, 2021).
Likewise with PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbingan Unit is very concerned about the productivity of
its employees. If the work discipline among employees is ignored, it can be ascertained that work
productivity will decrease. With work discipline from employees, employee productivity will increase (I. L.
Nasib, 2020).
Company PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbingan Unit was opened around 1918 by the Dutch
company Handels Verininging Amsterdam (HVA). The plantation concession area was obtained from the
King of the Land of Java in 1919 with the prime crop at that time being a tea. Based on company data from
2014 to date, the land has been turned into oil palm plantations. Company PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV
Balimbingan Unit currently provides a safe, secure and healthy work environment. However, many
employees assume that work-related accidents and illnesses will not occur, in fact as a result of occupational
safety and health work can occur at unexpected and unavoidable times. During the current era of the covid-19
pandemic, the company has also implemented health protocol regulations for all employees properly.
Company leaders tighten the discipline of company employees considering the importance of occupational
safety and health (K3) for the sustainability of the company at this time. It can be seen in the productivity
level data obtained from the company as follows:

TABLE 1
Employee Productivity Level of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbing Unit 2016 to 2020
Year Area Production Production Productivity Target Productivity
Target (Kg/Ha) Realization (Kg/Ha) (Ton/Ha) (Ton/Ha)
2016 3.086 600.951 535.800 24,51 24,42
2017 3.086 679.781 614.630 23,81 24,19
2018 3.086 797.001 731.850 24,51 23,44
2019 2.933 762.091 696.940 24,50 19,88
2020 2.675 743.481 678.330 22,85 20,60

Based on the table above, it can be seen that the realization of production fluctuated from
2016 to 2020 at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbing Unit. This happens because the product
obtained is not by the production targets set by the company so the productivity obtained by
employees also fluctuates because the products that should be achieved are not by the productivity
target. Work safety indicates conditions that are safe or safe from suffering, damage, or loss in the
workplace (Supriyantiningsih, 2019). While occupational health refers to conditions that are free
from physical, mental, emotional, or pain disorders caused by the work environment (Sukwika,
2021). It can be seen the measures of work productivity for the company on several items, one of
which is about employee safety and health (K3), or how many accidents are committed by
employees (Abidin, 2022). Furthermore, the provision of a safe, secure, and healthy workplace, is
1422
Accredited “Rank 4”(Sinta 4), DIKTI, No. 36/E/KPT/2019, December 13th 2019.

Jurnal Mantik is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Effect of Occupational Safety, Health (K3) and Leadership Style on Employee Work Productivity Mediated by
Discipline in Operations PTPN IV Balimbingan (Hazmanan Khair, et al)

achieved by operational leaders and members of the human resources staff who work together. It
can be seen in the employee attendance list data obtained from the company as follows:
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the percentage of absent employees at PT.
Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbingan Unit experienced a decline. One of the contributing factors
is an accident at work. It can be seen in the work accident data obtained from the company as
follows. Based on the table above, it can be seen that the source of the causes of accidents is
negligence at work and carelessness at work. The main responsibilities of the K3 program in the
organization are supervisors and leaders. A human resource leader should conduct a field
evaluation, investigate accidents, whether the coordination of the health and safety (K3) program is
under the results of the OSH program training that has been held so far.

2. Research Methods

This type of research is survey research because it takes a sample from one population. This study uses
an explanatory research approach, which aims to explain the causal relationship between research variables
and testing hypotheses. This research is included in the category of causal research using a quantitative
approach. The population in this study were all office employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV
Balimbingan for operations or HR, totaling 39 people. Because the research population is less than 100
people, the sampling technique used in the census method, where the entire population of 39 people will be
used as research samples. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire then the data will be analyzed
with a quantitative approach using statistical analysis namely the Partial Least Square - Structural Equation
Model (PLS-SEM) which aims to perform path analysis (Path) with latent variables.

3. Result and Discussion

3.1 Direct Effect Test Result


The following are the results of testing the direct influence hypothesis which can be seen in the table as
follows.
TABLE 2.
Results of Direct Effect Test
Original Sample Sample Mean (M) StandardError t Statistics
(O) (STERR) (|O/STEER|) P Values
X1 -> Y -0.005 -0.009 0.082 0.067 0.947
X1 -> Z 0.600 0.593 0.120 4.990 0.000
X2 -> Y 0.469 0.469 0.116 4.055 0.000
X2 -> Z 0.255 0.255 0.109 2.336 0.020
Z -> Y 0.607 0.607 0.114 5.329 0.000

3.2 Indirect Influence Test Results


The indirect effect between exogenous and endogenous variables in early research is presented in the
mediation test table as follows:
TABLE 3.
Indirect Effect Test Results
Original Sample Standard t Statistics
Sample (O) Mean (M) Deviation(STDEV) (|O/STDEV|) P Values

X1 -> Z -> Y 0.364 0.360 0.102 3.584 0.000


X2 -> Z -> Y 0.155 0.156 0.077 2.113 0.045

3.3 Effect of Occupational Safety, Health (K3) on Work Productivity


From the results of the analysis of hypothesis testing, it is known that Occupational Safety and Health
(K3) has no significant effect on work productivity which is assessed by a path coefficient of -0.005. The
probability value obtained is 0.947 > 0.05, with tcount value of 0.067 and ttable 2.022, thus tcount is smaller
than ttable (0.067 < 2.022). This means that occupational safety and health (K3) does not significantly affect
the work productivity of employees at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. The results of this study are

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Accredited “Rank 4”(Sinta 4), DIKTI, No. 36/E/KPT/2019, December 13th 2019.

Jurnal Mantik is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Jurnal Mantik, Vol. 6 , No. 2, August 2022, pp. 1421-1427 E-ISSN 2685-4236

not in line with the results of previous research conducted by (Nursanty, 2021)(Hidayati, 2021)(Sinaruddin,
2021) which concludes that occupational safety and health (K3) affect work productivity.
Occupational safety and health (K3) play a very important role in determining employee work
productivity, the study also explains that occupational safety and health (K3) are related to technical and
environmental aspects, where technical factors and an unsupportive work environment can affect the work
safety of company employees. In addition to human factors, technical and environmental factors are very
influential in the possibility of accidents. Such as unsafe conditions, slippery, well-maintained machinery and
equipment, and environmental factors. That is, the background of the problem does not match the results of
the study, this indicates that the research is still preliminary. It can be concluded that occupational safety and
health (K3) has no significant effect on employee work productivity. This means that the lower the
occupational safety and health (K3) provided by the company to employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV
Balimbingan, work productivity will decrease, where employees will experience obstacles in working so that
work productivity will decrease. When viewed from the results of the study there is no effect of safety or
occupational health on work productivity. According to the author, this is contrary to the state of the
company, where in this condition the company has provided the equipment needed. It is possible that the
company did not carry out supervision, and did not notice that these tools were available. So that employees
do not know the availability of these tools, or employees who do not want to apply the rules properly.
Therefore, companies must consider more wisely, where supervision of the company's occupational safety
and health programs still needs to be evaluated and improved.
3.4 Effect of Occupational Safety, Health (K3) on Discipline
From the results of the analysis of hypothesis testing, it is known that occupational safety and health
(K3) has a significant effect on discipline which is assessed with a path coefficient of 0.600. The probability
value obtained is 0.000 < 0.05, with tcount value of 4.990 and ttable 2.022, thus tcount is greater than ttable
(4.990 > 2.022) so that H0 is rejected (Ha is accepted). This means that occupational safety and health (K3)
has a significant effect on employee discipline at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. The results of
this study are in line with the results of previous research conducted by (Daryanto, 2021)(Kurniawan,
2022)(Sonya, 2020) which concludes that safety and occupational health (K3) and discipline affect work
productivity.
Occupational safety and health (K3) play a very important role in determining employee discipline, in
the study, it is also explained that occupational safety and health (K3) is related to discipline and human
resources, which have a sense of responsibility in terms of implementing the regulations given by the
company to run smoothly. both the occupational health safety system (K3), as well as the human factor in
work accidents involving workloads that are not by the type of work/work hours, unskilled in operating
equipment and working poor and under pressure. That is, the background of the problem is under the results
of the study. It can be concluded that occupational safety and health (K3) has a significant effect on
discipline. This means that with the better safety and occupational health (K3) provided by the company to
employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbingan, the discipline of employees will be better, where
employees who are given a guarantee of safety, and occupational health (K3) as needed, the employee will be
more active in doing their job so that employee discipline will be better.
3.5 The Influence of Leadership Style on Work Productivity
From the results of the analysis of hypothesis testing, it is known that leadership style has a significant
effect on work productivity which is assessed by a path coefficient of 0.469. The probability value obtained
is 0.000 < 0.05, with tcount value of 4.055 and ttable 2.022, thus tcount is greater than ttable (4.055> 2.022)
so that H0 is rejected (Ha is accepted). This means that the leadership style has a significant effect on the
work productivity of employees at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. The results of this study are in
line with the results of previous research conducted by (Hadiati, 2020)(Agustin, 2019)(and Prasetyo, 2021)
who concluded that leadership style affected work productivity.
Leadership style plays a very important role in determining work productivity, the research also
explains that leadership style is related to caring, where the main attitude of a leader is to inspire, believe and
support every problem faced by members to achieve organizational or company goals and increase work
productivity. employee. That is, the background of the problem is by the results of the study. It can be
concluded that leadership style has a significant effect on work productivity. That is, the better the leadership
style for the employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbingan improves employee work productivity,
where the leader gives morale, provides advice, motivates ability development, approaches work rules and

1424
Accredited “Rank 4”(Sinta 4), DIKTI, No. 36/E/KPT/2019, December 13th 2019.

Jurnal Mantik is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Effect of Occupational Safety, Health (K3) and Leadership Style on Employee Work Productivity Mediated by
Discipline in Operations PTPN IV Balimbingan (Hazmanan Khair, et al)

procedures, and gives warnings and praises to employees so that employees will be more active in doing their
work and will always follow the rules which are in the office.
3.6 Influence of Leadership Style on Discipline
From the results of the analysis of hypothesis testing, it is known that leadership style has a significant
effect on discipline which is assessed with a path coefficient of 0.255. The probability value obtained is 0.020
<0.05, with a tcount of 2,336 and ttable of 2,022, thus tcount is greater than ttable (2,336 > 2.022) so H0 is
rejected (Ha is accepted). This means that leadership style has a significant effect on employee discipline at
PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. The results of this study are in line with the results of previous
research conducted by (Sunreni, 2019)(Ichsan, 2021)(and Salim, 2021) who concluded that leadership style
and discipline affect work productivity.
Leadership style plays a very important role in determining discipline, in the study, it was also
explained that leadership style is related to inspiration, which communicates high expectations, uses symbols
to focus efforts, expresses important goals in a simple way that can provide something good for employee
discipline. That is, the background of the problem is by the results of the study. It can be concluded that
leadership style has a significant effect on discipline. That is, the better the leadership style for the employees
of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbingan results in better employee discipline, where the leader
provides a vision and mission, creates a sense of pride, and gains respect and trust so that employees will be
inspired and do their job better.
3.7 The Effect of Discipline on Work Productivity
From the results of the analysis of hypothesis testing, it is known that discipline has a significant effect
on work productivity which is assessed by a path coefficient of 0.607. The probability value obtained is 0.000
< 0.05, with tcount value of 5.329 and ttable 2.022, thus tcount is greater than ttable (5.329 > 2.022) so that
H0 is rejected (Ha is accepted). This means that discipline has a significant effect on work productivity at PT.
Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. The results of this study are in line with the results of previous
research conducted by (S. C. S. A. Y. Nasib, 2019)(Tambunan, 2019)(Widodo, 2020) who concludes that
discipline affects work productivity.
Discipline plays a very important role in determining work productivity, the research also explains that
discipline is related to legal sanctions and firmness, where punishment plays an important role in maintaining
employee discipline. With increasingly severe penalties, employees will be increasingly afraid of violating
company regulations. Likewise, the firmness of the leadership in taking action will affect the discipline of the
company's employees. Leaders must be brave and decisive to act to punish any disciplinary employee by the
sanctions that have been set so that employee work productivity goes well. That is, the background of the
problem is by the results of the study. It can be concluded that discipline has a significant effect on work
productivity. That is, the better the discipline of the employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbingan
will improve employee productivity, where employees who violate discipline must be immediately given
sanctions by applicable organizational regulations. The goal is that the employee concerned understands the
sanctions for violations that apply in the company. Negligence in imposing sanctions will weaken existing
discipline, and provide opportunities for violators to ignore company discipline, so that employee
productivity will continue to increase.
From the results of the analysis of hypothesis testing, it is known that Occupational Safety, Health (K3)
has a significant effect on work productivity through a discipline that is assessed with a path coefficient of
0.364. The probability value obtained is 0.000 < 0.05, with a tcount value of 3.584 and ttable 2.022, thus
tcount is greater than ttable (3.584 > 2.022). This means that occupational safety and health (K3) has a
significant effect on work productivity through employee discipline at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan
Plantation. The results of this study are in line with the results of previous research conducted by (Sinuhaji
2019) concluding that occupational health safety (K3) affects work productivity through discipline.
Occupational health safety plays a role in determining employee work productivity, in this case,
occupational health safety is related to discipline, where the role of a leader is needed, such as planning,
initiating, controlling, supporting, informing, and evaluating, so that employees can carry out their work by
implementing occupational health safety with good. In this case, the company must pay attention to the safety
and health of employees because HR is an asset that supports the smooth running of the company as well.
When the company has provided facilities that can ensure the safety and health of employees, it is hoped that
employees can carry out their work by implementing occupational health safety properly. That is, the
background of the problem is by the results of the study. It can be concluded that occupational safety and

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Accredited “Rank 4”(Sinta 4), DIKTI, No. 36/E/KPT/2019, December 13th 2019.

Jurnal Mantik is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Jurnal Mantik, Vol. 6 , No. 2, August 2022, pp. 1421-1427 E-ISSN 2685-4236

health (K3) has a significant effect on work productivity through discipline. This means that with the better
safety and occupational health (K3) provided by the company to employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV
Balimbingan, the productivity of employees is getting better with better employee discipline, where
employees are given a guarantee of safety, occupational health (K3) by what is needed, the employee will be
more active in doing his work so that employee discipline will be better as a mediating variable of work
productivity.
3.8 The Influence of Leadership Style on Work Productivity Through Discipline
From the results of the analysis of hypothesis testing, it is known that leadership style has a significant
effect on work productivity through a discipline which is assessed with a path coefficient of 0.155. The
probability value obtained is 0.045 < 0.05, with tcount value of 2.113 and ttable 2.022, thus tcount is greater
than ttable (2.113 > 2.022). This means that leadership style has a significant effect on work productivity
through employee discipline at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. The results of this study are in line
with the results of previous research conducted by (I. L. Nasib, 2020)(Rivaldo, 2021)(Suardika,
2020)(Suardika, 2020) concluded that leadership style affects work productivity through discipline.
Leadership style plays a very important role in determining employee work productivity, the study also
explained that transformational leadership style is related to work productivity, where a transformational
leader has vision, rhetorical skills, and good impression management and uses it to develop strong emotional
bonds with followers or employees. so that it has an impact on employee work productivity with work
discipline as a rule made by the company or organization, which aims to encourage employees to behave
carefully at work so that they can solve a problem. That is, the background of the problem is by the results of
the study. It can be concluded that leadership style has a significant effect on work productivity through. That
is, the better the leadership style for the employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Balimbingan, the
productivity of employees is getting better with employee discipline that will be better too, where the leader
gives morale, gives advice, motivates ability development, approaches work rules and procedures and gives
reprimands and praises to employees so that employees will be more active in carrying out their work and
will always follow the regulations contained in the office, so that employee discipline will be better as a
mediating variable for work productivity.

4. Conclusion

Based on the results of research and discussions that have been stated previously, conclusions can be
drawn from research on the effect of occupational health safety (K3) and leadership style on employee work
productivity in the era of the covid-19 pandemic mediated by employee discipline in the operational section
of PT. The Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantations are as follows: Directly safe, occupational health (K3)
does not significantly affect the work productivity of employees at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation.
Directly safe, occupational health (K3) has a significant effect on employee discipline at PT. Nusantara IV
Balimbingan Plantation. Directly leadership style has a significant effect on the work productivity of
employees at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. Directly leadership style has a significant effect on
employee discipline at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. Discipline directly has a significant effect
on work productivity at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. Indirectly safety, and occupational health
(K3) has a significant effect on work productivity through employee discipline at PT. Nusantara IV
Balimbingan Plantation. In other words, discipline acts as a mediator between occupational safety and health
(K3) on work productivity. Indirectly leadership style has a significant effect on work productivity through
employee discipline at PT. Nusantara IV Balimbingan Plantation. In other words, discipline acts as a
mediator between leadership style and work productivity.
.
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Accredited “Rank 4”(Sinta 4), DIKTI, No. 36/E/KPT/2019, December 13th 2019.

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