NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)

NOVEMBER 2017

MARKS: 150

TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 16 pages and 4 data sheets.

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Physical Sciences/P2 2 DBE/November 2017
NSC

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Write your centre number and examination number in the appropriate spaces
on the ANSWER BOOK.

2. This question paper consists of TEN questions. Answer ALL the questions in
the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

5. Leave ONE line between two subquestions, for example between

QUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2.

6. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

7. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

8. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS.

9. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.

10. Round off your FINAL numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal
places.

11. Give brief motivations, discussions, et cetera where required.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

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Physical Sciences/P2 3 DBE/November 2017
NSC

QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose
the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1–1.10) in
the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.11 D.

1.1 The IUPAC name of an organic compound with molecular formula C 7 H 14 O 2 :

A Heptanal

B Heptan-1-ol

C Heptan-2-ol

D Heptanoic acid (2)

1.2 Which ONE of the following structures is the functional group of aldehydes?

A O B O

C O H C H

C O D O

C O C C C C
(2)

1.3 Which ONE of the following equations represents a cracking process?

A 5CH 2 = CH 2 →  (CH 2 CH 2 ) 5 

B CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH = CH 2 + H 2 → CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3

C CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 → CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 + CH 2 = CH 2

D CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 OH → CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH = CH 2 + H 2 O (2)

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Physical Sciences/P2 4 DBE/November 2017
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1.4 The potential energy diagram for a chemical reaction is shown below.

Potential energy (kJ)

X

Course of reaction

Consider the following statements regarding the graph above:

I: X represents the potential energy of the products formed during the

reverse reaction.
II: The graph could be a representation of the change in potential energy
for the following reaction:

CaCO 3 (s) ⇌ Ca2+(aq) + CO 32− (aq) ∆H > 0

III: The graph could be a representation of the change in potential energy

for the combustion of methane.

Which of the statements above are TRUE?

A I and II only

B II and III only

C I and III only

D I, II and III (2)

1.5 A certain chemical reaction reaches equilibrium at 25 °C. The equilibrium

constant, K c , for the reaction at this temperature is 1,0 x 10-4.

Which ONE of the following statements regarding this reaction at equilibrium

is CORRECT?

A The concentration of the products is equal to that of the reactants.

B The concentration of the products is higher than that of the reactants.

C The concentration of the products is lower than that of the reactants.

D The rate of the forward reaction is lower than the rate of the reverse
reaction. (2)

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Physical Sciences/P2 5 DBE/November 2017
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1.6 Consider the following chemical reaction at equilibrium in a closed container:

2HgO(s) ⇌ 2Hg(ℓ) + O 2 (g)

More HgO(s) is now added to the container at constant temperature.

How will the number (in moles) of O 2 (g) and the value of K c be affected at
equilibrium?

NUMBER OF MOLES OF O 2 Kc
A Increases Increases
B Increases Remains the same
C Remains the same Remains the same
D Remains the same Increases
(2)

1.7 Which ONE of the following solutions, each of concentration 0,1 mol∙dm-3, has
the highest pH?

A HNO 3 (aq)

B NH 4 Cℓ(aq)

C Na 2 CO 3 (aq)

D CH 3 COOH(aq) (2)

1.8 The cell notation for a galvanic cell is as follows:

Ni(s) | Ni2+ (1 mol∙dm-3) || Pb2+ (1 mol∙dm-3) | Pb(s)

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT for this cell?

A Ni is oxidised.

B Pb(s) is reduced.

C Ni2+(aq) is the oxidising agent.

D Pb2+ is the reducing agent. (2)

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Physical Sciences/P2 6 DBE/November 2017
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1.9 Which ONE of the following combinations CORRECTLY shows the products
formed during the electrolysis of a CONCENTRATED sodium chloride
solution?

CATHODE ANODE
A Hydrogen Sodium
B Hydrogen Chlorine
C Chlorine Sodium
D Chlorine Hydrogen
(2)

1.10 Which ONE of the following is NOT part of the eutrophication process?

A Algal bloom

B Bacterial nitrogen fixation

C Depletion of oxygen in water

D Increase in plant nutrients in water (2)

[20]

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Physical Sciences/P2 7 DBE/November 2017
NSC

QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)

2.1 Study the structural formula below.

H H O H H H

H C C O C C C C H

H H H H H

For this compound, write down the:

2.1.1 Homologous series to which it belongs (1)

2.1.2 IUPAC name (2)

2.1.3 IUPAC name of the organic acid used in its preparation (1)

2.1.4 STRUCTURAL FORMULA of its straight chain (unbranched)

functional isomer (2)

2.2 Write down the structural formula of 4-methylpentan-2-one. (3)

2.3 Consider the structural formula below.

H H

H C C H
H H H H H
H C C C C C C C H
H H H
H C H H C H

H H

For this compound, write down the:

2.3.1 General formula of the homologous series to which it belongs (1)

2.3.2 IUPAC name (3)

[13]

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Physical Sciences/P2 8 DBE/November 2017
NSC

QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

The vapour pressure versus temperature graph below was obtained for four straight
chain (unbranched) alkanes (P, Q, R and S).
FROM P TO S, EACH COMPOUND DIFFERS FROM THE PREVIOUS COMPOUND
BY A –CH 2 GROUP.
The vapour pressures are measured in mmHg. Atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg.
Graph of vapour pressure versus temperature
900
760
750
P
Vapour pressure (mmHg)

600
Q

450
R

300
P S
R S
Q
150

0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (°C)

3.1 Give a reason why alkanes are said to be SATURATED. (1)

3.2 Define vapour pressure. (2)
3.3 Use the information in the graph above to answer the following questions.
3.3.1 What is the effect of an increase in temperature on vapour
pressure? Choose from INCREASES, DECREASES or
NO EFFECT. (1)
3.3.2 Which compound has a boiling point of approximately 68 °C? Give a
reason for the answer. (2)
3.3.3 Which compound has the longest chain length? Fully explain the
answer. (4)
3.4 Compound P has FIVE carbon atoms.
3.4.1 Draw the structural formula of a chain isomer of P. Write down the
IUPAC name of this isomer. (3)
3.4.2 How will the vapour pressure of this isomer compare with that of
compound P? Choose from HIGHER THAN, LOWER THAN or
EQUAL TO. (1)
[14]

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Physical Sciences/P2 9 DBE/November 2017
NSC

QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

The flow diagram below shows how an alcohol (compound P) can be used to prepare
other organic compounds. The letters A to E represent different organic reactions. X, Y
and Z are organic compounds.

H H H H
Alkene
H C C C C H B Compound Y
(Major product)
H H O H A
H
Compound P E H2, Pt
D

C HBr

Compound X Compound Z
(Organic product)

4.1 Is compound P a PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY alcohol? Give a

reason for the answer. (2)

4.2 Write down the type of:

4.2.1 Elimination reaction represented by A (1)

4.2.2 Addition reaction represented by B (1)

4.2.3 Elimination reaction represented by D (1)

4.3 Sodium hydroxide is used as one of the reactants in reaction C.

4.3.1 What type of reaction takes place here? (1)

4.3.2 State the TWO reaction conditions for this reaction. (2)

4.3.3 Write down the IUPAC name of compound X. (2)

4.4 Write down the FORMULA of an inorganic reactant needed for reaction D. (1)

4.5 Using STRUCTURAL FORMULAE, write down a balanced equation for

reaction E. (3)

4.6 Write down the IUPAC name of compound Z. (1)

[15]

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Physical Sciences/P2 10 DBE/November 2017
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QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.)

A group of learners uses the reaction between powdered zinc and EXCESS dilute
hydrochloric acid to investigate one of the factors that affects the rate of a chemical
reaction. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Zn(s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → ZnCℓ 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)

They conduct two experiments. The reaction conditions used are summarised in the
table below.

TEMPERATURE VOLUME OF CONCENTRATION MASS OF

EXPERIMENT
(°C) HCℓ (cm3) OF HCℓ (mol∙dm-3) Zn (g)
I 25 200 0,25 x
II 25 200 0,40 x

The results obtained are shown in the graph (not drawn to scale) below.

Graph of volume of H 2 (g) produced versus time

Volume of H2(g)
produced (cm3)

P
Q

0 30 45 70
Time (s)
5.1 Define reaction rate. (2)

5.2 Write down an investigative question for this investigation. (2)

5.3 Which curve, P or Q, represents the results of experiment I? Explain the

answer. (3)

5.4 The average rate of the production of hydrogen gas, as represented by

graph P, was 15 cm3∙s-1. Calculate the mass of zinc used. Take the molar
gas volume at 25 °C as 24 000 cm3. (5)

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Physical Sciences/P2 11 DBE/November 2017
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5.5 In a third experiment (experiment III), 200 cm3 of a 0,25 mol∙dm-3 dilute
hydrochloric acid solution at 35 °C reacts with the same amount of zinc
powder as in experiment I and experiment II.

5.5.1 How will the heat of reaction of experiment II compare with that of
experiment III? Choose from MORE THAN, LESS THAN or
EQUAL TO. (1)

5.5.2 How will the activation energy of the reaction in experiment I

compare with that of the reaction in experiment III? Choose from
MORE THAN, LESS THAN or EQUAL TO. (1)

5.6 The rate of the reaction in experiment III is higher than that of experiment I.

Fully explain this statement by referring to the collision theory. (3)

[17]

QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page.)

Carbonyl bromide, COBr 2 , decomposes into carbon monoxide and bromine according
to the following balanced equation:

COBr 2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + Br 2 (g) ∆H > 0

Initially COBr 2 (g) is sealed in a 2 dm3 container and heated to 73 °C. The reaction is
allowed to reach equilibrium at this temperature. The equilibrium constant for the
reaction at this temperature is 0,19.

6.1 Define chemical equilibrium. (2)

At equilibrium it is found that 1,12 g CO(g) is present in the container.

6.2 Calculate the:

6.2.1 Equilibrium concentration of the COBr 2 (g) (7)

6.2.2 Percentage of COBr 2 (g) that decomposed at 73 °C (4)

6.3 Which ONE of the following CORRECTLY describes the K c value when
equilibrium is reached at a lower temperature?

K c < 0,19 K c > 0,19 K c = 0,19 (1)

6.4 The pressure of the system is now decreased by increasing the volume of the
container at 73 °C and the system is allowed to reach equilibrium.

How will the number of moles of COBr 2 (g) be affected? Choose from
INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. Explain the answer. (3)
[17]

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Physical Sciences/P2 12 DBE/November 2017
NSC

QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

7.1 Ammonia ionises in water to form a basic solution according to the following
balanced equation:

NH 3 (g) + H 2 O(ℓ) ⇌ NH+4 (aq) + OH− (aq)

7.1.1 Is ammonia a WEAK or a STRONG base? Give a reason for the

answer. (2)

7.1.2 Write down the conjugate acid of NH 3 (g). (1)

7.1.3 Identify ONE substance in this reaction that can behave as an

ampholyte in some reactions. (1)

7.2 A learner adds distilled water to a soil sample and then filters the mixture.
The pH of the filtered liquid is then measured.

He then gradually adds an ammonia solution, NH 3 (aq), to this liquid and

measures the pH of the solution at regular intervals. The graph below shows
the results obtained.

Graph of pH versus volume of NH 3 (aq)

12

8
pH

0 2 4 6 8 10
3
Volume of NH3(aq) added (cm )

7.2.1 Is the soil sample ACIDIC or BASIC? Refer to the graph above and
give a reason for the answer. (2)

7.2.2 Calculate the concentration of the hydroxide ions ( OH − ) in the

reaction mixture after the addition of 4 cm3 of NH 3 (aq). (4)

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Physical Sciences/P2 13 DBE/November 2017
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7.3 A laboratory technician wants to determine the concentration of a hydrochloric

acid (HCℓ) sample. He adds 5 cm3 of the HCℓ sample to 495 cm3 of distilled
water to give 500 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid, HCℓ(aq).

During a reaction 50 cm3 of this dilute hydrochloric acid solution, HCℓ(aq),

reacts completely with 0,29 g of sodium carbonate, Na 2 CO 3 (s).

5 cm3 50 cm3

HCℓ 495 cm3

sample distilled water 0,29 g
Na2CO3

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Na 2 CO 3 (s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → 2NaCℓ(aq) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(ℓ)

Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid sample. (7)

[17]

QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page.)

8.1 Learners set up a galvanic cell and measure its emf under standard
conditions.

Aℓ Ag

AgNO3(aq)

8.1.1 Write down the name of component Y. (1)

8.1.2 Is Aℓ the ANODE or the CATHODE? (1)

8.1.3 Write down the overall (net) cell reaction that takes place in this cell
when it is working. (3)

8.1.4 Calculate the initial emf of this cell. (4)

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Physical Sciences/P2 14 DBE/November 2017
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8.2 Consider the half-cells, P, Q and R, represented in the table below.

HALF-CELL
P Q R
Zn | Zn2+(aq) Cℓ 2 | Cℓ ─(aq) Cu | Cu2+(aq)

Different combinations of the half-cells above are compared to determine the

highest emf produced under standard conditions.

8.2.1 Write down the NAME of a suitable electrode for half-cell Q. (1)

8.2.2 State the standard conditions under which the half-cells should
operate to ensure a fair comparison. (2)

8.2.3 Write down the NAME or FORMULA of the strongest reducing agent
in the half-cells above. (1)

8.2.4 Which combination of half-cells will produce the highest emf?

Choose from PR, PQ or QR. (NO calculation is required.) (1)
[14]

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Physical Sciences/P2 15 DBE/November 2017
NSC

QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page.)

The simplified diagram below represents an electrochemical cell used in the refining of
copper. One of the electrodes consists of impure copper.

Power source

P Q

Concentrated
CuCℓ2(aq)

9.1 What type of power source, AC or DC, is used to drive the reaction in
this cell? (1)

9.2 When an electric current passes through the CuCℓ 2 (aq), the mass of
electrode P increases.

Is electrode P the CATHODE or the ANODE?

Write down the relevant half-reaction to support the answer. (3)

9.3 The impure copper contains zinc impurities which are oxidised to zinc ions.

Refer to the relative strengths of oxidising agents to explain why zinc ions will
not influence the quality of the pure copper produced in this cell. (3)

9.4 Electrodes P and Q are now replaced by carbon electrodes.

9.4.1 What will be observed at electrode Q? (1)

9.4.2 How will the concentration of the electrolyte change as the reaction
proceeds? Choose from INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS
THE SAME. (1)
[9]

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Physical Sciences/P2 16 DBE/November 2017
NSC

QUESTION 10 (Start on a new page.)

10.1 The equations below represent two industrial processes involved in the
preparation of ammonium nitrate.

Process X Process Y

I: A + 5O2(g) → 4NO + 6H2O(g) IV: N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

II: 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2B

III: B + H2O(g) → HNO3(g) + NO(g)

Ammonium nitrate

Write down the:

10.1.1 NAME of substance A (1)

10.1.2 FORMULA of substance B (1)

10.1.3 NAME given for reaction I (1)

10.1.4 NAME or FORMULA of the catalyst used in reaction I (1)

10.1.5 Name of process X (1)

10.1.6 Name of process Y (1)

10.1.7 Balanced equation for the preparation of ammonium nitrate from the
products obtained in process X and process Y (3)

10.2 A 15 kg bag of fertiliser contains 5% phosphorus, 10% nitrogen and

15% potassium.

Calculate the:

10.2.1 Mass of phosphorus in the bag (2)

10.2.2 Mass of filler in the bag (3)

[14]

TOTAL: 150

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Physical Sciences/P2 1 DBE/November 2017
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DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12

PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)

GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12

VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE)

TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES

NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE

Standard pressure
pθ 1,013 x 105 Pa
Standaarddruk
Molar gas volume at STP
Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1
Molêre gasvolume by STD
Standard temperature
Tθ 273 K
Standaardtemperatuur
Charge on electron
e -1,6 x 10-19 C
Lading op elektron
Avogadro's constant
NA 6,02 x 1023 mol-1
Avogadro-konstante

TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES

m N
n= n=
M NA
n m V
c= or/of c= n=
V MV Vm
c a v a na
= pH = -log[H 3 O+]
c b v b nb

K w = [H 3 O+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14 at/by 298 K

Eθcell = Eθcathode − Eθanode / E θsel = E katode

θ
− E θanode

or/of
E θcell = E reduction
θ
− E θoxidation / E θsel = E reduksie
θ
− E θoksidasie

or/of
E θcell = E oxidising
θ θ θ θ θ
agent − E reducing agent / E sel = E oksideermiddel − E reduseermiddel

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Physical Sciences/P2 2 DBE/November 2017
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TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
TABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII)
Atomic number
1 KEY/SLEUTEL Atoomgetal 2
H He
2,1

1 29 4
3 4 Electronegativity Symbol 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cu

1,9
Li Be Elektronegatiwiteit Simbool B C N O F Ne
1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0
63,5
7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Approximate relative atomic mass Aℓ Si P S Cℓ Ar
0,9

1,2

1,5

1,8

2,1

2,5

3,0
23 24 Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa 27 28 31 32 35,5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
0,8

1,0

1,3

1,5

1,6

1,6

1,5

1,8

1,8

1,8

1,9

1,6

1,6

1,8

2,0

2,4

2,8
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,8

1,9

2,2

2,2

2,2

1,9

1,7

1,7

1,8

1,9

2,1

2,5
86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tℓ Pb Bi Po At Rn
0,7

0,9

1,6

1,8

1,8

1,9

2,0

2,5
133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209
87 88 89
Fr Ra Ac
0,7

0,9

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
226
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232 238

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TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS
TABEL 4A: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE
θ
Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E (V)
− −
F 2 (g) + 2e ⇌ 2F + 2,87
3+ − 2+
Co +e ⇌ Co + 1,81
+
H 2 O 2 + 2H +2e− ⇌ 2H 2 O +1,77
− + 2+
MnO 4 + 8H + 5e− ⇌ Mn + 4H 2 O + 1,51
− −
Cℓ 2 (g) + 2e ⇌ 2Cℓ + 1,36
2− + − 3+
Cr 2 O 7 + 14H + 6e ⇌ 2Cr + 7H 2 O + 1,33
+ −
O 2 (g) + 4H + 4e ⇌ 2H 2 O + 1,23
+ − 2+
MnO 2 + 4H + 2e ⇌ Mn + 2H 2 O + 1,23
2+
Pt + 2e− ⇌ Pt + 1,20
Br 2 (ℓ) + 2e− ⇌ 2Br− + 1,07
− + −
NO 3 + 4H + 3e ⇌ NO(g) + 2H 2 O + 0,96

Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë

2+ −
Hg + 2e ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85
+
Ag + e− ⇌ Ag + 0,80
Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë

− + −
NO 3 + 2H + e ⇌ NO 2 (g) + H 2 O + 0,80
3+ 2+
Fe + e− ⇌ Fe + 0,77
+
O 2 (g) + 2H + 2e− ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68
− −
I 2 + 2e ⇌ 2I + 0,54
+ −
Cu + e ⇌ Cu + 0,52
SO 2 + 4H + 4e−
+
⇌ S + 2H 2 O + 0,45
2H 2 O + O 2 + 4e− ⇌ 4OH− + 0,40
2+ −
Cu + 2e ⇌ Cu + 0,34
2− +
SO 4 + 4H + 2e− ⇌ SO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O + 0,17
2+ − +
Cu +e ⇌ Cu + 0,16
4+ − 2+
Sn + 2e ⇌ Sn + 0,15
+
S + 2H + 2e− ⇌ H 2 S(g) + 0,14
+ −
2H + 2e ⇌ H 2 (g) 0,00
3+
Fe + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06
2+
Pb + 2e− ⇌ Pb − 0,13
2+
Sn + 2e− ⇌ Sn − 0,14
2+
Ni + 2e− ⇌ Ni − 0,27
2+ −
Co + 2e ⇌ Co − 0,28
2+
Cd + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40
3+ − 2+
Cr +e ⇌ Cr − 0,41
2+
Fe + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44
3+
Cr + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74
2+
Zn + 2e− ⇌ Zn − 0,76
− −
2H 2 O + 2e ⇌ H 2 (g) + 2OH − 0,83
2+
Cr + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91
2+
Mn + 2e− ⇌ Mn − 1,18
3+
Aℓ + 3e− ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66
2+ −
Mg + 2e ⇌ Mg − 2,36
+
Na + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71
2+
Ca + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87
2+ −
Sr + 2e ⇌ Sr − 2,89
2+
Ba + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90
+ -
Cs + e ⇌ Cs - 2,92
+
K + e− ⇌ K − 2,93
+
Li + e− ⇌ Li − 3,05
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Physical Sciences/P2 4 DBE/November 2017
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TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS
TABEL 4B: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE
θ
Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E (V)
+ −
Li + e ⇌ Li − 3,05
+
K + e− ⇌ K − 2,93
+ −
Cs + e ⇌ Cs − 2,92
2+
Ba + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90
2+ −
Sr + 2e ⇌ Sr − 2,89
2+
Ca + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87
+
Na + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71
2+ −
Mg + 2e ⇌ Mg − 2,36
3+
Aℓ + 3e− ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66
2+ −
Mn + 2e ⇌ Mn − 1,18
2+
Cr + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91
Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë

2H 2 O + 2e− ⇌ H 2 (g) + 2OH− − 0,83

2+ −
Zn + 2e ⇌ Zn − 0,76

Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë

3+
Cr + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74
2+
Fe + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44
3+ − 2+
Cr +e ⇌ Cr − 0,41
2+
Cd + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40
2+
Co + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28
2+ −
Ni + 2e ⇌ Ni − 0,27
2+
Sn + 2e− ⇌ Sn − 0,14
2+ −
Pb + 2e ⇌ Pb − 0,13
3+
Fe + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06
+
2H + 2e− ⇌ H 2 (g) 0,00
+
S + 2H + 2e− ⇌ H 2 S(g) + 0,14
4+ − 2+
Sn + 2e ⇌ Sn + 0,15
2+ +
Cu + e− ⇌ Cu + 0,16
2− + −
SO 4 + 4H + 2e ⇌ SO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O + 0,17
2+ −
Cu + 2e ⇌ Cu + 0,34
− −
2H 2 O + O 2 + 4e ⇌ 4OH + 0,40
+
SO 2 + 4H + 4e− ⇌ S + 2H 2 O + 0,45
+ −
Cu + e ⇌ Cu + 0,52
− −
I 2 + 2e ⇌ 2I + 0,54
+
O 2 (g) + 2H + 2e− ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68
3+ − 2+
Fe +e ⇌ Fe + 0,77
− + −
NO 3 + 2H + e ⇌ NO 2 (g) + H 2 O + 0,80
+ −
Ag + e ⇌ Ag + 0,80
2+ −
Hg + 2e ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85
− +
NO 3 + 4H + 3e− ⇌ NO(g) + 2H 2 O + 0,96
− −
Br 2 (ℓ) + 2e ⇌ 2Br + 1,07
2+
Pt + 2 e− ⇌ Pt + 1,20
+ 2+
MnO 2 + 4H + 2e− ⇌ Mn + 2H 2 O + 1,23
+
O 2 (g) + 4H + 4e− ⇌ 2H 2 O + 1,23
2− + 3+
Cr 2 O 7 + 14H + 6e− ⇌ 2Cr + 7H 2 O + 1,33
− −
Cℓ 2 (g) + 2e ⇌ 2Cℓ + 1,36
− + − 2+
MnO 4 + 8H + 5e ⇌ Mn + 4H 2 O + 1,51
+ −
H 2 O 2 + 2H +2 e ⇌ 2H 2 O +1,77
3+ 2+
Co + e− ⇌ Co + 1,81
F 2 (g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87
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 NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE/
NASIONALE
SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT

GRADE/GRAAD 12

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)

FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: CHEMIE (V2)

NOVEMBER 2017

MARKING GUIDELINES/NASIENRIGLYNE

MARKS/PUNTE: 150

These marking guidelines consist of 11 pages.

Hierdie nasienriglyne bestaan uit 11 bladsye.

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 2 DBE/November 2017
NSC/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION/VRAAG 1

1.1 D  (2)

1.2 B  (2)

1.3 C  (2)

1.4 A  (2)

1.5 C  (2)

1.6 C  (2)

1.7 C  (2)

1.8 A  (2)

1.9 B  (2)

1.10 B  (2)
[20]

QUESTION/VRAAG 2

2.1
2.1.1 Esters  (1)

2.1.2 Ethyl  butanoate /Etielbutanoaat (2)

2.1.3 Butanoic acid/Butanoësuur  (1)

2.1.4 H H H H H O 

H C C C C C C O H
(2)
H H H H H
2.2 H H H O H

H C C C C C H 

H H H
H C H

H (3)

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2.3
2.3.1 C n H 2n-2  (1)

2.3.2 5-ethyl-2,6-dimethylhept-3-yne/5-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-3-heptyne
5-etiel-2,6-dimetielhept-3-yn/5-etiel-2,6-dimetiel-3-heptyn (3)
[13]

QUESTION/VRAAG 3

3.1 ANY ONE/ENIGE EEN:

• They have ONLY single bonds. 
Hulle het SLEGS enkelbindings.
• They have single bonds between C atoms.
Hulle het enkelbindings tussen C-atome.
• They have no double OR triple bonds OR multiple bonds.
Hulle het geen dubbel- OF trippelbindings OF meervoudige bindings nie.
• They contain the maximum number of H atoms bonded to C atoms.
Hulle bevat die maksimum getal H-atome gebind aan C-atome.
• Each C atom is bonded to four other atoms.
Elke C-atoom is gebind aan vier ander atome. (1)

3.2 The pressure exerted by a vapour in equilibrium with its liquid  in a closed
system. 
Die druk uitgeoefen deur 'n damp in ewewig met sy vloeistof in 'n geslote
sisteem.
(2)

3.3
3.3.1 Increases/Verhoog  (1)

3.3.2 Q
It is the temperature where the graph intercepts the dotted line. 
Dit is die temperatuur waar die grafiek die stippellyn sny.

OR/OF
It is the temperature where the vapour pressure of compound Q equals
atmospheric pressure/is equal to 760 mmHg.
Dit is die temperatuur waar die dampdruk van verbinding Q gelyk is aan
atmosferiese druk/gelyk is aan 760 mmHg. (2)

3.3.3 S
• At a given temperature, S has the lowest vapour pressure/highest boiling
point. 
By 'n gegewe temperatuur het S die laagste dampdruk/hoogste kookpunt.
• Strongest intermolecular forces/London forces/dispersion forces/induced
dipole forces. 
Sterkste intermolekulêre kragte/London-kragte/dispersiekragte/
geïnduseerde dipoolkragte.
• Highest energy needed to overcome/break the intermolecular forces. 
Hoogste energie benodig om intermolekulêre kragte te oorkom/breek. (4)

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NSC/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

3.4
3.4.1 H H H H H

H C C C C H H C H
H H
H H H
OR/OF
H C C C H
H C H
H H
H H C H

H
2-methylbutane  2,2-dimethylpropane
2-metielbutaan 2,2-dimetielpropaan
(3)

3.4.2 Higher than/Hoër as  (1)

[14]

QUESTION/VRAAG 4

4.1 Secondary/Sekondêre 
The C atom bonded to the –OH group is bonded to TWO other C atoms. 
Die C-atoom gebind aan die –OH-groep is aan TWEE ander C-atome gebind. (2)

4.2
4.2.1 Dehydration 
(1)
Dehidrasie/dehidratering

4.2.2 Hydration 
Hidrasie/hidratering (1)

4.2.3 Dehydrohalogenation/dehydrobromination 
Dehidrohalogenasie/dehidrohalogenering/dehidrobrominasie/
dehidrobrominering (1)

4.3
4.3.1 Substitution/Hydrolysis 
Substitusie/Hidrolise (1)

4.3.2 • Dilute base/sodium hydroxide/NaOH 

Verdunde basis/natriumhidroksied/NaOH
• Moderate temperature/(mild) heat 
Matige temperatuur/(matige) hitte (2)

4.3.3 2-bromobutane /2-bromobutaan (2)

4.4 NaOH/KOH  (1)

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 5 DBE/November 2017
NSC/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

4.5 H H H H  H H H H 

H C C C C H + H−H H C C C C H
H H H H H H
(3)

4.6 Butane/Butaan (1)

[15]

QUESTION/VRAAG 5

5.1 ANY ONE/ENIGE EEN:

• Change in concentration of products/reactants per (unit) time. 
Verandering in konsentrasie van produkte/reaktanse per (eenheid) tyd.

• Rate of change in concentration.

Tempo van verandering in konsentrasie.

• Change in amount/number of moles/volume/mass of products or reactants

per (unit) time.
Verandering in hoeveelheid/getal mol/volume/massa van produkte of
reaktanse per (eenheid) tyd.

• Amount/number of moles/volume/mass of products formed or reactants

used per (unit) time.
Hoeveelheid/getal mol/volume/massa van produkte gevorm of reaktanse
gebruik per (eenheid) tyd. (2)

5.2 Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:

Dependent and independent variables correctly identified.

Afhanklike en onafhanklike veranderlikes korrek geïdentifiseer.
Ask a question about the relationship between the independent and dependent
variables./Vra 'n vraag oor die verwantskap tussen die afhanklike en onafhanklike 
veranderlikes.
Examples/Voorbeelde:
• What is the relationship between concentration and reaction rate?
Wat is die verwantskap tussen konsentrasie en reaksietempo?
• How does the reaction rate change when the concentration
changes/increases/decreases?
Hoe sal die reaksietempo verander wanneer die konsentrasie verander/
verhoog/verlaag? (2)

5.3 Q
• Smaller gradient./Less steep. 
Kleiner gradiënt./Minder steil.
• Reaction I has the lowest HCℓ concentration and will take longer to reach
completion/for the maximum volume of gas to be formed. 
Reaksie I het die laagste HCℓ-konsentrasie en neem langer om voltooi te
word/die maksimum volume gas te vorm. (3)
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NSC/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

5.4 OPTION 1/OPSIE 1 OPTION 2/OPSIE 2

∆V 15
Ave rate/Gem. tempo = Ave rate/Gem. tempo =
∆t 24 000 
∆V = 6,25 × 10-4 mol·s-1
15 = 
30 − 0 V(H 2 ) produced/berei = 6,25 × 30 
V(H 2 ) produced/berei = 450 cm3 = 0,0188 mol
V n(Zn) = n(H 2 ) = 0,0188 mol 
n(H 2 ) produced/berei = m
Vm n(Zn) used =
450 M
= m
24 000  0,0188 =
65 
= 0,0188 mol
∴ m(Zn) = 1,22 g 
n(Zn) = n(H 2 ) = 0,0188 mol 
OPTION 3/OPSIE 3
m
n(Zn) used/gebruik = ∆V
M Ave rate/Gem. tempo =
m ∆t
∴ 0,0188 = ∆V
65  15 = 
∴ m(Zn) = 1,22 g 30 − 0
V(H 2 ) produced/berei = 450 cm3

65 g  Zn ……… 24 000 cm3 

x g Zn ……………450 cm3 
x = 1,22 g  (5)

5.5
5.5.1 Equal to/Gelyk aan  (1)

5.5.2 Equal to/Gelyk aan  (1)

5.6 • At higher temperature the average kinetic energy of particles is higher. 

By hoër temperatuur is die gemiddelde kinetiese energie van deeltjies
hoër.
• More molecules gain sufficient/enough kinetic energy OR more molecules
have kinetic energy equal to or greater than the activation energy. 
Meer molekule het voldoende/genoeg kinetiese energie OF meer molekule
het kinetiese energie gelyk aan of groter as die aktiveringsenergie.
• More effective collisions per unit time./Frequency of effective collisions
increases. 
Meer effektiewe botsings per eenheidtyd./Frekwensie van effektiewe
botsings neem toe. (3)
[17]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 7 DBE/November 2017
NSC/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION/VRAAG 6

6.1 The stage in a chemical reaction when the rate of forward reaction equals the
rate of reverse reaction. 
Die stadium in 'n chemiese reaksie wanneer die tempo van die voorwaartse
reaksie gelyk is aan die tempo van die terugwaartse reaksie.

OR/OF
The stage in a chemical reaction when the concentrations of reactants and
products remain constant. 
Die stadium in 'n chemiese reaksie wanneer die konsentrasies van reaktanse
en produkte konstant bly. (2)

6.2
6.2.1 OPTION 1/OPSIE 1
m
n=
M
1,12
=
28 
= 0,04 mol
COBr 2 CO Br 2
Initial quantity (mol)
0 0
Aanvangshoeveelheid (mol)
Change (mol)
0,04 0,04 0,04
Verandering (mol)
Quantity at equilibrium (mol)/ 0,04 
0,04
Hoeveelheid by ewewig (mol)
Equilibrium concentration/ Divide by 2 
0,02 0,02
Ewewigskonsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) Deel deur 2
[CO][Br2 ]
Kc = 
[COBr2 ]
(0,02)2
0,19  = 
[COBr2 ]
[COBr 2 ] = 2,11 x 10-3 mol∙dm-3 

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OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
m
n=
M
1,2
=
28 
= 0,04 mol
n(CO) formed/gevorm = n(Br 2 ) formed/gevorm 
= 0,04 mol

c(CO) eq/ewe = c(Br 2 ) eq/ewe

n
=
V
0,04
=
2
= 0,02 mol·dm-3

[CO][Br2 ]
Kc = 
[COBr2 ]
(0,2)2
0,19  = 
[COBr2 ]
[COBr 2 ] = 2,11 x 10-3 mol∙dm-3  (7)

6.2.2 OPTION 1/OPSIE 1 OPTION 2/OPSIE 2

n(COBr 2 ) eq/ewewig = cV n(COBr 2 ) eq/ewewig = cV
= 2,11 × 10-3 × 2  = 2,11 × 10-3 × 2 
= 4,22 × 10-3 mol = 4,22 × 10-3 mol
n(COBr 2 ) initial/begin n(COBr 2 ) initial/begin
= 0,04 + 4,22 × 10-3  = 0,04 + 4,22 x 10-3 
= 0,044 mol = 0,044 mol
0,04 m(COBr 2 ) initial/begin = nM
% decomposed =  × 100 = 0,044 × 188
0,044
= 90,46%  = 8,27 g
m(COBr 2 ) reacted/reageer = 0,04 × 188
= 7,52 g
Range/Gebied: 90,46 – 90,9% 7,52
% decomposed/ontbind =  × 100
8,27
= 90,9%  (4)

6.3 K c < 0,19 (1)

6.4 Decreases/Verminder 
A decreases in pressure favours the reaction that produces the larger number
of moles of gas./'n Afname in druk bevoordeel die reaksie wat die groter
aantal mol gas lewer. 
The forward reaction will be favoured./Die voorwaartse reaksie sal bevoordeel
word.  (3)
[17]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 9 DBE/November 2017
NSC/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION/VRAAG 7

7.1
7.1.1 Weak/Swak 
Dissociates/Ionises incompletely (in water) 
Dissosieer/Ioniseer onvolledig (in water) (2)

7.1.2 NH+4  (1)

7.1.3 H 2 O/water OR/OF NH 3  (1)

7.2
7.2.1 Acidic/Suur 
pH < 7  (2)

7.2.2 OPTION 1/OPSIE 1 OPTION 2/OPSIE 2

pH = -log[H 3 O+]  pH + pOH = 14 
6  = -log[H 3 O+] 6 + pOH = 14
[H 3 O+] = 1 × 10-6 mol∙dm-3
pOH = -log[OH-] 
[H 3 O+][OH-] = 10-14  8 = -log[OH-]
[OH-] = 1 × 10-8 mol∙dm-3  [OH-] = 1 × 10-8 mol∙dm-3  (4)

7.3 OPTION 1/OPSIE 1 OPTION 2/OPSIE 2

m m
n(Na2CO3 ) =  n(Na2CO3 ) = 
M M
0,29 0,29
= =
106  106 
= 2,74 × 10-3 mol = 2,74 × 10-3 mol
n(HCℓ) = 2n(Na 2 CO 3 )  n(HCℓ) = 2n(Na 2 CO 3 ) 
= 5,47 × 10-3 mol = 5,47 × 10-3 mol
n In 50 cm3:
c(HCℓ) dilute/verdun = n(HCℓ) = 5,47 × 10-3 mol
V
In 500 cm3:
5,47 x10 −3
= 500
0,05  n(HCℓ) = (5,47 × 10-3) 
50
= 0,1094 mol∙dm-3
= 0,547 mol
cV(HCℓ) dilute/verdun = cV(HCℓ) conc/gekons 1000
c(HCℓ) conc/gekons = 0,547 ×
0,1094 × 500  = (HCℓ) conc/gekons × 5  5
∴ c(HCℓ) conc/gekons = 10,94 mol∙dm-3  = 10,94 mol∙dm-3  (7)
[17]

QUESTION/VRAAG 8

8.
8.1.1 Voltmeter/Multimeter  (1)

8.1.2 Anode  (1)

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8.1.3 3Ag+(aq) + Aℓ(s)   3Ag(s) + Aℓ 3+(aq)  Bal.  (3)

8.1.4 OPTION1/OPSIE 1
θ θ θ
E cell = E reduction − E oxidation 
= +0,80 - (- 1,66) 
= 2,46 V 
OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
Ag+(aq) + e-  Ag(s) 0,80 V 
 Aℓ(s)  Aℓ 3+(aq) + 3e- 1,66 V 
3Ag+(aq) + Aℓ(s)  3Ag(s) + Aℓ 3+(aq) 2,46 V  (4)

8.2
8.2.1 Platinum/Pt/Carbon/C/Koolstof  (1)

8.2.2 ANY TWO/ENIGE TWEE:

Concentration/Konsentrasie: 1 mol∙dm-3 
Temperature/Temperatuur: 25 °C/298 K 
Pressure/Druk: 101,3 kPa/1,01 x 105 Pa/1 atm (2)

8.2.3 Zinc/Zn/sink  (1)

8.2.4 PQ  (1)
[14]

QUESTION/VRAAG 9

9.1 DC  (1)

9.2 Cathode/Katode 
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu 

9.3 Cu2+ is a stronger oxidising agent  than Zn2+ ions  and therefore Zn2+ ions
will not be reduced (to Zn). 
Cu2+ is 'n sterker oksideermiddel as Zn2+-ione en dus sal Zn2+-ione nie
gereduseer word nie (na Zn). (3)

9.4
9.4.1 (Chlorine) gas/bubbles is/are formed. 
(Chloor)gas/borrels vorm. (1)

9.4.2 Decreases/Verlaag  (1)

[9]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 11 DBE/November 2017
NSC/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION 10/VRAAG 10

10.1
10.1.1 Ammonia/Ammoniak  (1)

10.1.2 NO 2  (1)

10.1.3 Catalytic oxidation of ammonia 

Katalitiese oksidasie van ammoniak (1)

10.1.4 Platinum/Pt  (1)

10.1.5 Ostwald (process)/Ostwald(proses) (1)

10.1.6 Haber (process)/Haber(proses) (1)

10.1.7 NH 3 + HNO 3  → NH 4 NO 3  Bal. 

(3)

10.2
10.2.1 OPTION 1/OPSIE 1 OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
N:P:K 5
10 : 5 : 15 m(fertiliser/kunsmis) = x 15 
100
30 = 0,75 kg 
m(fertiliser/kunsmis) = x 15
100
= 4,5 kg
5
m(P) = x 4,5 
30
= 0,75 kg 
(2)

10.2.2 %fertiliser/kunsmis = 10 + 5 + 15 = 30%

%filler/bindstof = 100 – 30 = 70%
70
m (filler/bindstof) =  x 15 
100
= 10,5 kg  (3)
[14]

TOTAL/TOTAAL: 150

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