Physical Sciences P2 Feb-March 2013 Eng

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2013
MARKS: 150
TIME: 3 hours
This question paper consists of 15 pages and 4 data sheets.
Copyright reserved Please turn over

Physical Sciences/P2 2 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2013
NSC
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
1. Write your centre number and examination number in the appropriate spaces
on the ANSWER BOOK.
2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.
3. This question paper consists of TWO sections:
SECTION A (25)
SECTION B (125)
4. You may use a non-programmable calculator.
5. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.
6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
7. Data sheets and a periodic table are attached for your use.
8. Give brief motivations, discussions, et cetera where required.
9. Round off your final numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places.

NSC
SECTION A
QUESTION 1: ONE-WORD ITEMS
Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term
next to the question number (1.1–1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.
1.1 The homologous series to which compounds with the functional group –OH
belong (1)
1.2 The process in which large alkane molecules are broken up into smaller
alkanes and alkenes (1)
1.3 The amount of products formed or reactants used per unit time in a chemical
reaction (1)
1.4 The process in which electricity is used to decompose a chemical substance (1)
1.5 The name of the industrial process used in the production of ammonia (1)
[5]
QUESTION 2: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
Four options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Each
question has only ONE correct answer. Write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
number (2.1–2.10) in the ANSWER BOOK.
2.1 Which ONE of the following compounds has the highest melting point?
A CH 3 CH 3
B CH 3 CH 2 CH 3
C CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
D CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 (2)
2.2 Consider the organic compounds (I to IV) shown below.
I CH C CH 2 CH 3 II CH3 C C CH2 CH3
III CH 3 C C CH 3 IV CH3 C CH
Which of the compounds above are structural isomers?
A I and II
B I and III
C I and IV
D II and III (2)

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2.3 Consider the reaction represented below.
H H H H
C C + H H H C C H
H H H H
This reaction is an example of …
A addition.
B oxidation.
C elimination.
D substitution. (2)
2.4 Activation energy can best be described as the minimum energy required
to …
A cause effective collisions.

B make reactant molecules collide.
C increase the kinetic energy of reactant molecules.
D change the orientation of reactant molecules. (2)
2.5 Which ONE of the following CORRECTLY describes the effect of an

INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE on a reaction at equilibrium?
Reaction favoured Reaction rate

A Exothermic Increases
B Exothermic Decreases
C Endothermic Increases
D Endothermic Decreases
(2)
2.6 Each of the reactions represented below is at equilibrium in a closed

container. In which ONE of these reactions will an INCREASE IN PRESSURE
(by decreasing the volume) favour the formation of products?
A N 2 O 4 (g) ⇌ 2NO 2 (g)
B PCℓ 5 (g) ⇌ PCℓ 3 (g) + Cℓ 2 (g)
C N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) ⇌ 2NH 3 (g)
D NO 2 (g) + CO(g) ⇌ NO(g) + CO 2 (g) (2)

NSC
2.7 Which ONE of the following half-reactions occurs at the CATHODE during the
electrolysis of a solution of CuCℓ 2 ?
A Cℓ 2 + 2e- → 2Cℓ-
B Cu → Cu2+ + 2e-
C 2Cℓ- → Cℓ 2 + 2e-
D Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu (2)
2.8 When a galvanic (voltaic) cell delivers current, the salt bridge …
A allows electrons to move in the cell.

B ensures electrical neutrality in the cell.
C prevents the two solutions from mixing.
D allows electrons to travel from the cathode to the anode. (2)
2.9 Which ONE of the following metals is the strongest reducing agent?
A Ag
B Zn
C Cu
D Aℓ (2)
2.10 The chlor-alkali process leads to the production of two gases. Which ONE of
the following CORRECTLY shows the gases produced at the anode and
cathode of this cell?
Anode Cathode
A Oxygen gas Chlorine gas
B Hydrogen gas Chlorine gas
C Chlorine gas Hydrogen gas
D Chlorine gas Water vapour
(2)
[20]
TOTAL SECTION A: 25

NSC
SECTION B
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Start EACH question on a NEW page.
2. Leave ONE line between two subquestions, for example between

QUESTION 3.1 and QUESTION 3.2.
3. Show the formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.
4. Round off your final numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places.
QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)
The letters A to F in the table below represent six organic compounds.
H H H
H C C C O H
A Pent-2-ene B
H H
H C H
C Propyl methanoate D 2,5-dimethylheptane
E CH3 CH CH2 C H F CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH3
CH3 O
3.1 Write down the letter representing the compound which:

(A compound may be used more than once.)
3.1.1 Is an aldehyde (1)
3.1.2 Has the general formula C n H 2n (1)
3.1.3 Is unsaturated (1)
3.1.4 Is a ketone (1)
3.1.5 Is a hydrocarbon (1)
3.1.6 Can be prepared by the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic

acid (1)

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3.2 Write down the structural formula of:
3.2.1 Compound A (2)
3.2.2 Compound D (2)
3.3 Write down the:
3.3.1 NAME of the functional group of compound F (1)
3.3.2 IUPAC name of compound B (2)

[13]
The table below shows the boiling points of four organic compounds, represented by
the letters A to D, of comparable molecular mass.
Molecular Boiling point

Compound
mass (oC)
A Butane 58 0
B Propanal 58 49
C Propan-1-ol 60 97
D Ethanoic acid 60 118
4.1 Compound A is used as a fuel in gas burners.
4.1.1 Is compound A in the GAS, LIQUID or SOLID phase at 25 °C? (1)
4.1.2 How will the boiling point of an ISOMER of compound A compare

to that of compound A? Write down HIGHER THAN, LOWER
THAN or EQUAL TO. Refer to MOLECULAR STRUCTURE,
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES and the ENERGY needed to
explain the answer. (4)
4.1.3 Using molecular formulae, write down the balanced equation for
the combustion of compound A in excess oxygen. (3)
4.1.4 Compound A has a lower boiling point than compound B. Give

reasons for this difference in boiling points by referring to the
following:
• Structural differences between the two compounds

• Polarity (2)
4.2 Consider the boiling points of compounds C and D.
4.2.1 Give a reason for this difference in boiling points by referring to the
intermolecular forces present in EACH of these compounds. (2)
4.2.2 Which ONE of compound C or D has a higher vapour pressure?

Refer to their boiling points to give a reason for the answer. (2)
[14]

NSC
Some of the reactions of BUTAN-1-OL are represented in the flow diagram below. P,
Q and R represent the organic products formed.
Concentrated H2SO4
BUTAN-1-OL
HBr Ethanoic acid
Q R
5.1 Is butan-1-ol a PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY alcohol? (1)
5.2 Product P is formed when butan-1-ol is heated in the presence of

concentrated sulphuric acid.
Write down the:
5.2.1 Name of the type of reaction that takes place (1)
5.2.2 Balanced equation for the reaction that takes place using structural
formulae (5)
5.3 Product R is formed when butan-1-ol reacts with ethanoic acid in the
presence of an acid catalyst.
Write down the:

5.3.2 Structural formula of the organic product formed (2)
5.4 When HBr reacts with butan-1-ol, compound Q, a haloalkane, is formed.
Write down the:
5.4.2 IUPAC name of the haloalkane formed (2)

[13]

NSC
The apparatus shown below is used to investigate the rate at which hydrogen gas is
produced when a certain amount of zinc reacts with an excess of a dilute hydrochloric
acid solution.
Delivery tube Y
Z
Stopwatch
HCℓ(aq) Retort stand

Zn
The reaction that takes place is represented by the following balanced equation:
2HCℓ(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnCℓ 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)
6.1 Write down the name of the flask labelled Z. (1)
6.2 Write down ONE function of the item of apparatus labelled Y in THIS
investigation. (1)
Two experiments are conducted using the apparatus above. The conditions for each
experiment are given in the table below.
Experiment 1 Experiment 2
Zinc powdered powdered
Hydrochloric acid 0,1 mol∙dm-3 0,2 mol∙dm-3
Temperature 25 °C 25 °C
6.3 FROM THE TABLE ABOVE, write down:
6.3.1 The independent variable for this investigation (1)
6.3.2 ONE controlled variable (1)

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The volume of hydrogen gas produced is measured in each experiment. The graphs
below show the results obtained.
Volume (dm3)
Q
0 Time (minutes)
6.4 Which graph, P or Q, represents Experiment 2? Refer to the data given in the
table, as well as the shape of the graph, to explain how you arrived at the
answer. (3)
6.5 Give a reason why the rate of hydrogen production slows down towards the
end in both experiments. (1)
6.6 Calculate the mass of zinc used to prepare 0,24 dm3 of hydrogen gas at room
temperature. Assume that 1 mole of hydrogen gas has a volume of
24,04 dm3 at room temperature. (6)
[14]

NSC

The reaction between hydrogen chloride and oxygen reaches equilibrium in a closed
container according to the following balanced equation:
4HCℓ(g) + O 2 (g) ⇌ 2H 2 O(g) + 2Cℓ 2 (g) ∆H = - 113 kJ

7.1 Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic? Give a reason for the answer. (2)
7.2 The graphs below, not drawn to scale, show how the amounts of reactants
present in the container change with time at a specific temperature. The
volume of the container is 5 dm3.
1,0
Amount (mol)
0,3
HCℓ(g)
0,1 O2(g)
0 t1 t2 t3
Time (minutes)
7.2.1 How does the rate of the forward reaction at time t 1 compare to
that at time t 2 ? Write down GREATER THAN, SMALLER THAN or
EQUAL TO. Use the graphs to give a reason for the answer. (2)
7.2.2 How does the rate of the forward and the reverse reactions
compare at time t 3 ? Write down only GREATER THAN, SMALLER
THAN or EQUAL TO. (1)
7.2.3 Calculate the equilibrium constant (K c ) for this reaction at this
temperature. (9)
7.3 The temperature is NOW increased. How will this change affect the value of
the equilibrium constant?
Write down INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. Explain
the answer. (4)
7.4 How will each of the following changes affect the equilibrium concentration of
Cℓ 2 (g)? Write down INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME.
7.4.1 Water vapour is added into the container. (1)
7.4.2 A catalyst is added. (1)
7.4.3 The volume of the container is increased. (1)
[21]
NSC
The electrochemical cell represented below consists of a hydrogen half-cell and a

magnesium half-cell at standard conditions.
H2(g)
Mg
X
°
°
Pt ° °
° °
°
° H+(aq) Mg2+(aq)
°
The reading on the voltmeter is 2,36 V.
8.1 Apart from concentration, write down TWO other conditions needed for the
hydrogen half-cell to function at standard conditions. (2)
8.2 Write down the name of the item of apparatus labelled X. (1)
8.3 Is magnesium the ANODE or CATHODE in the cell above? Refer to the
relative strengths of reducing agents to explain the answer. (4)
8.4 Write down the cell notation for this cell. (3)
8.5 Calculate the standard reduction potential of the magnesium half-cell. Show
ALL your working. (4)
8.6 Write down the balanced NET (overall) cell reaction that takes place in this
cell. No spectator ions are required. (3)
[17]

NSC
The simplified diagrams below represent two electrochemical cells, A and B, used in
INDUSTRY. Cell A is used in the purification of copper ore containing silver and
platinum impurities. Cell B is used to electroplate a bracelet with a layer of copper.
CELL A CELL B
Power Power
source source
Copper Pure Pure

ore copper copper
CuSO4(aq) CuSO4(aq)
Bracelet
9.1 Write down the name of the type of electrochemical cell (ELECTROLYTIC or
GALVANIC) of which the above two cells are examples. (1)
9.2 Pure copper is used as one of the electrodes in each of the cells above. In
which cell (A or B) is the pure copper the:
9.2.1 Cathode (1)
9.2.2 Anode (1)
9.3 Consider cell B. Initially the CuSO 4 (aq) has a blue colour.
9.3.1 How will the intensity of the blue colour change whilst the cell is
functioning? Write down INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS
THE SAME. Give a reason for the answer. (3)
9.3.2 Write down the half-reaction that takes place at the pure copper
electrode. (2)
9.4 Consider cell A.
9.4.1 Give a reason why the sludge formed in this cell is of economic
importance. (1)
9.4.2 Name ONE negative impact that the energy usage in this process
has on the environment. (2)
[11]

NSC
Nickel-zinc cells are rechargeable. The half-reactions that take place in such cells are:
Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
NiO 2 (s) + 2H 2 O(ℓ) + 2e- → Ni(OH) 2 (s) + 2OH-(aq)
10.1 Write down the general name given to cells that are rechargeable. (1)
10.2 Write down the balanced net (overall) cell reaction that takes place in this cell. (3)
10.3 The emf of one such cell is 1,65 V and its capacity is 1 500 mA∙h.
10.3.1 Define the term cell capacity. (2)
10.3.2 Calculate the maximum electrical work that can be done by this
cell. (4)
[10]

NSC
Different processes used in the preparation of fertilisers C and F are represented in the
flow diagram below.
Air Natural gas
Gas A Gas B
O2(g) O2(g)
Ammonia Gas D Gas E
Pt
Sulphuric acid Nitric acid
Fertiliser C Fertiliser F
11.1 Write down the NAME or FORMULA of:
11.1.1 Gas A (1)
11.1.2 Gas B (1)
11.1.3 Fertiliser F (1)
11.2 Sulphuric acid is used to prepare fertiliser C.
Write down:
11.2.1 The name of the industrial process used to prepare sulphuric acid (1)
11.2.2 A balanced equation for the preparation of fertiliser C (3)
11.3 Gases D and E are prepared during the Ostwald process.
Write down the:
11.3.1 Name given to the preparation of gas D from ammonia (1)
11.3.2 Balanced equation for the preparation of gas D (3)
11.3.3 NAME or FORMULA of gas E (1)

[12]
TOTAL SECTION B: 125

GRAND TOTAL: 150
Copyright reserved
NSC
DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12

PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)
GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12

VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE)
TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES
NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE

Standard pressure
pθ 1,013 x 105 Pa
Standaarddruk
Molar gas volume at STP
Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1
Molêre gasvolume by STD
Standard temperature
Standaardtemperatuur Tθ 273 K
Charge on electron
e -1,6 x 10-19 C
Lading op elektron
TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES
n
c=
V
m
n= or/of
M
m
c=
MV
Ecell = Eθcathode − Eθanode / E θsel = E katode
θ θ
− E θanode
or/of
q = I∆t
E θcell = E reduction
θ
− E θoxidation / E θsel = E reduksie
θ
− E θoksidasie
W = Vq
or/of
E θcell = E oxidising
θ θ θ θ θ
agent − E reducing agent / E sel = E oksideermiddel − E reduseermiddel

NSC
TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
TABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII)
1 Atomic number 2
KEY/SLEUTEL Atoomgetal
2,1
H He
1 4
3 4 29 5 6 7 8 9 10
Electronegativity Symbol
Cu
1,9
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
Li Be Elektronegatiwiteit Simbool B C N O F Ne
7 9 63,5 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Approximate relative atomic mass Cℓ
0,9
1,2
1,5
1,8
2,1
2,5
3,0
Na Mg Aℓ Si P S Ar
23 24 Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa 27 28 31 32 35,5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
0,8
1,0
1,3
1,5
1,6
1,6
1,5
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,6
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,4
2,8
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,8
1,9
2,2
2,2
2,2
1,9
1,7
1,7
1,8
1,9
2,1
2,5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Tℓ
0,7
0,9
1,6
1,8
1,8
1,9
2,0
2,5
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po At Rn
133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209
87 88 89
0,7
0,9
Fr Ra Ac 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
226
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232 238

NSC
TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS
TABEL 4A: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE
θ
Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E (V)
− −
F 2 (g) + 2e ⇌ 2F + 2,87
3+ − 2+
Co +e ⇌ Co + 1,81
H 2 O 2 + 2H +2e−
+
⇌ 2H 2 O +1,77
−
+ 8H + 5e−
2+
⇌
+
MnO 4 Mn + 4H 2 O + 1,51
− −
Cℓ 2 (g) + 2e ⇌ 2Cℓ + 1,36
2− − 3+
⇌
+
Cr 2 O 7 + 14H + 6e 2Cr + 7H 2 O + 1,33
+ −
O 2 (g) + 4H + 4e ⇌ 2H 2 O + 1,23
+ − 2+
MnO 2 + 4H + 2e ⇌ Mn + 2H 2 O + 1,23
Pt + 2e−
2+
⇌ Pt + 1,20
Br 2 (ℓ) + 2e− ⇌ 2Br− + 1,07
− + −
NO 3 + 4H + 3e ⇌ NO(g) + 2H 2 O + 0,96
Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë

−
Hg
2+
+ 2e ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85
Ag + e−
+
⇌
Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë
Ag + 0,80
− + −
NO 3 + 2H + e ⇌ NO 2 (g) + H 2 O + 0,80
+ e−
3+ 2+
Fe ⇌ Fe + 0,77
O 2 (g) + 2H + 2e−
+
⇌ H2O2 + 0,68
− −
I 2 + 2e ⇌ 2I + 0,54
+ −
Cu + e ⇌ Cu + 0,52
SO 2 + 4H + 4e−
+
⇌ S + 2H 2 O + 0,45
2H 2 O + O 2 + 4e− ⇌ 4OH− + 0,40
2+ −
Cu + 2e ⇌ Cu + 0,34
2−
SO 4 + 4H + 2e− ⇌
+
SO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O + 0,17
2+ − +
Cu +e ⇌ Cu + 0,16
4+ − 2+
Sn + 2e ⇌ Sn + 0,15
S + 2H + 2e−
+
⇌ H 2 S(g) + 0,14
+ −
2H + 2e ⇌ H 2 (g) 0,00
+ 3e− − 0,06
3+
Fe ⇌ Fe
+ 2e− − 0,13
2+
Pb ⇌ Pb
+ 2e− − 0,14
2+
Sn ⇌ Sn
+ 2e− − 0,27
2+
Ni ⇌ Ni
−
− 0,28
2+
Co + 2e ⇌ Co
+ 2e− − 0,40
2+
Cd ⇌ Cd
− 2+
− 0,41
3+
Cr +e ⇌ Cr
+ 2e− − 0,44
2+
Fe ⇌ Fe
+ 3e− − 0,74
3+
Cr ⇌ Cr
+ 2e− − 0,76
2+
Zn ⇌ Zn
− −
2H 2 O + 2e ⇌ H 2 (g) + 2OH − 0,83
+ 2e− − 0,91
2+
Cr ⇌ Cr
+ 2e− − 1,18
2+
Mn ⇌ Mn
Aℓ + 3e− Aℓ − 1,66
3+
⇌
−
− 2,36
2+
Mg + 2e ⇌ Mg
Na + e− − 2,71
+
⇌ Na
+ 2e− − 2,87
2+
Ca ⇌ Ca
−
− 2,89
2+
Sr + 2e ⇌ Sr
+ 2e− − 2,90
2+
Ba ⇌ Ba
+ -
Cs + e ⇌ Cs - 2,92
K + e− − 2,93
+
⇌ K
Li + e− − 3,05
+
⇌ Li
NSC
TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS
TABEL 4B: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE
θ
Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E (V)
−
− 3,05
+
Li + e ⇌ Li
K + e− − 2,93
+
⇌ K
−
− 2,92
+
Cs + e ⇌ Cs
+ 2e− − 2,90
2+
Ba ⇌ Ba
−
− 2,89
2+
Sr + 2e ⇌ Sr
+ 2e− − 2,87
2+
Ca ⇌ Ca
Na + e− − 2,71
+
⇌ Na
−
− 2,36
2+
Mg + 2e ⇌ Mg
Aℓ + 3e− Aℓ − 1,66
3+
⇌
−
− 1,18
2+
Mn + 2e ⇌ Mn
+ 2e− − 0,91
2+
Cr ⇌ Cr
Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë
2H 2 O + 2e− ⇌ H 2 (g) + 2OH− − 0,83

−
− 0,76
2+
⇌
Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë

Zn + 2e Zn
+ 3e− − 0,74
3+
Cr ⇌ Cr
+ 2e− − 0,44
2+
Fe ⇌ Fe
− 2+
− 0,41
3+
Cr +e ⇌ Cr
+ 2e− − 0,40
2+
Cd ⇌ Cd
+ 2e− − 0,28
2+
Co ⇌ Co
−
− 0,27
2+
Ni + 2e ⇌ Ni
+ 2e− − 0,14
2+
Sn ⇌ Sn
−
− 0,13
2+
Pb + 2e ⇌ Pb
+ 3e− − 0,06
3+
Fe ⇌ Fe
2H + 2e−
+
⇌ H 2 (g) 0,00
S + 2H + 2e−
+
⇌ H 2 S(g) + 0,14
4+ − 2+
Sn + 2e ⇌ Sn + 0,15
+ e−
2+ +
Cu ⇌ Cu + 0,16
2− −
⇌
+
SO 4 + 4H + 2e SO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O + 0,17
2+ −
Cu + 2e ⇌ Cu + 0,34
− −
2H 2 O + O 2 + 4e ⇌ 4OH + 0,40
SO 2 + 4H + 4e−
+
⇌ S + 2H 2 O + 0,45
+ −
Cu + e ⇌ Cu + 0,52
− −
I 2 + 2e ⇌ 2I + 0,54
O 2 (g) + 2H + 2e−
+
⇌ H2O2 + 0,68
3+ − 2+
Fe +e ⇌ Fe + 0,77
− + −
NO 3 + 2H + e ⇌ NO 2 (g) + H 2 O + 0,80
+ −
Ag + e ⇌ Ag + 0,80
−
Hg
2+
+ 2e ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85
−
+ 4H + 3e−
+
NO 3 ⇌ NO(g) + 2H 2 O + 0,96
− −
Br 2 (ℓ) + 2e ⇌ 2Br + 1,07
+ 2 e−
2+
Pt ⇌ Pt + 1,20
MnO 2 + 4H + 2e−
+ 2+
⇌ Mn + 2H 2 O + 1,23
O 2 (g) + 4H + 4e−
+
⇌ 2H 2 O + 1,23
2−
Cr 2 O 7 + 14H + 6e−
3+
⇌
+
2Cr + 7H 2 O + 1,33
− −
Cℓ 2 (g) + 2e ⇌ 2Cℓ + 1,36
− − 2+
⇌
+
MnO 4 + 8H + 5e Mn + 4H 2 O + 1,51
+ −
H 2 O 2 + 2H +2 e ⇌ 2H 2 O +1,77
+ e−
3+ 2+
Co ⇌ Co + 1,81
F 2 (g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87
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NATIONAL

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)

This question paper consists of 15 pages and 4 data sheets.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. This question paper consists of TWO sections:

4. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

5. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

8. Give brief motivations, discussions, et cetera where required.

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QUESTION 1: ONE-WORD ITEMS

QUESTION 2: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

2.2 Consider the organic compounds (I to IV) shown below.

I CH C CH 2 CH 3 II CH3 C C CH2 CH3

Which of the compounds above are structural isomers?

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2.3 Consider the reaction represented below.

This reaction is an example of …

A cause effective collisions.

2.5 Which ONE of the following CORRECTLY describes the effect of an

Reaction favoured Reaction rate

2.6 Each of the reactions represented below is at equilibrium in a closed

A N 2 O 4 (g) ⇌ 2NO 2 (g)

B PCℓ 5 (g) ⇌ PCℓ 3 (g) + Cℓ 2 (g)

C N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) ⇌ 2NH 3 (g)

D NO 2 (g) + CO(g) ⇌ NO(g) + CO 2 (g) (2)

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A allows electrons to move in the cell.

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1. Start EACH question on a NEW page.

2. Leave ONE line between two subquestions, for example between

3. Show the formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.

QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

The letters A to F in the table below represent six organic compounds.

C Propyl methanoate D 2,5-dimethylheptane

E CH3 CH CH2 C H F CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH3

3.1 Write down the letter representing the compound which:

3.1.1 Is an aldehyde (1)

3.1.2 Has the general formula C n H 2n (1)

3.1.3 Is unsaturated (1)

3.1.4 Is a ketone (1)

3.1.5 Is a hydrocarbon (1)

3.1.6 Can be prepared by the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic

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3.2 Write down the structural formula of:

3.2.1 Compound A (2)

3.2.2 Compound D (2)

3.3 Write down the:

3.3.1 NAME of the functional group of compound F (1)

3.3.2 IUPAC name of compound B (2)

QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

Molecular Boiling point

4.1 Compound A is used as a fuel in gas burners.

4.1.1 Is compound A in the GAS, LIQUID or SOLID phase at 25 °C? (1)

4.1.2 How will the boiling point of an ISOMER of compound A compare

4.1.4 Compound A has a lower boiling point than compound B. Give

• Structural differences between the two compounds

4.2 Consider the boiling points of compounds C and D.

4.2.2 Which ONE of compound C or D has a higher vapour pressure?