Code and Standards

Key Electrical Engineering Codes and Standards
1. Malaysian Standards (MS)

o MS IEC 60364: Electrical Installations of Buildings
o MS 1979: Electrical Wiring Installation
o MS 1936: Code of Practice for Electrical Installations of Buildings
o MS 2682: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources – Terms and
Definitions
o MS 1577: Earthing
2. Suruhanjaya Tenaga (Energy Commission of Malaysia)
o Electricity Supply Act 1990 (Act 447)
o Electricity Regulations 1994
o Guidelines on Electrical Safety Management
o Guidelines on Energy Efficiency Management
3. International Standards
o IEC 60364: Low-voltage Electrical Installations
o IEC 61439: Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear Assemblies
o IEC 60947: Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear
o IEC 61557: Electrical Safety in Low-voltage Distribution Systems up to 1000
V AC and 1500 V DC
4. British Standards (BS)
o BS 7671: Requirements for Electrical Installations (IET Wiring Regulations)
o BS EN 61508: Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable
Electronic Safety-related Systems
o BS EN 50160: Voltage Characteristics of Electricity Supplied by Public
Distribution Systems
Applications and Specifications
1. Residential and Commercial Buildings

o Wiring Installations: Adherence to MS 1979 and IEC 60364 for safe and
compliant wiring practices.
o Load Calculations: Ensuring proper load management and distribution
according to MS IEC 60364 and BS 7671.
o Earthing Systems: Implementation of proper earthing and bonding per MS
1577 to prevent electrical shocks and enhance safety.
2. Industrial Facilities
o Motor Control Centers (MCCs): Use of IEC 61439 for design and assembly
of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear.
o Power Distribution: Compliance with IEC 60947 for switchgear and
controlgear to ensure reliable power distribution.
o Safety Systems: Integration of safety systems as per IEC 61508 to manage
risks associated with electrical installations.
3. Renewable Energy Systems
o Photovoltaic (PV) Installations: Adhering to MS 2682 and relevant IEC
standards for safe and efficient installation of solar panels.
o Energy Storage Systems: Ensuring compliance with international standards
for battery storage systems and other renewable energy technologies.
4. Public and Infrastructure Projects
o Street Lighting: Implementation of standards for outdoor lighting to ensure
safety, energy efficiency, and proper illumination.
o Public Buildings: Ensuring that public buildings comply with MS 1936 and
local regulations for electrical safety and energy efficiency.
Local Context and Requirements
1. Regulatory Compliance
o Ensure that all electrical installations are inspected and certified by licensed
professionals in accordance with the Electricity Supply Act 1990 and
Electricity Regulations 1994.
o Regular updates and compliance checks with guidelines issued by the Energy
Commission of Malaysia.
2. Energy Efficiency
o Adherence to guidelines and regulations on energy efficiency and
management as stipulated by the Suruhanjaya Tenaga.
o Implementation of energy-efficient practices and technologies in line with MS
2682.
3. Safety Practices
o Regular training and certification for electricians and contractors to ensure
they are up-to-date with the latest safety standards and best practices.
o Implementation of robust safety management systems as per guidelines from
the Energy Commission.
These codes, standards, and specifications help ensure that electrical installations in Malaysia
are safe, reliable, and efficient, meeting both local and international requirements.
4o
Compliance with Standards: Electrical installations must comply with the relevant Malaysian
Standards (MS) and other international standards where applicable. This includes adherence
to the requirements set out by the Energy Commission of Malaysia (Suruhanjaya Tenaga).
Safety Measures: Safety is paramount in electrical installations. This includes the proper
installation of wiring, the use of appropriate materials, and the implementation of safety
devices such as circuit breakers and residual current devices (RCDs). Licensing and
Certification: Only licensed electrical contractors and certified electricians are permitted to
perform electrical installation work. Regular inspections and certifications are required to
ensure compliance with safety standards. Load Calculations: Electrical load calculations must
be performed to ensure that the electrical system can handle the anticipated load without
overheating or overloading. This includes consideration of both current and future load
demands. Earthing and Bonding: Proper earthing and bonding are required to protect against
electrical shocks and ensure the safe operation of electrical systems. This includes the
installation of earthing rods and bonding of metal parts. Emergency Systems: Buildings must
have emergency electrical systems, including emergency lighting and power supplies for
critical systems such as fire alarms, sprinkler systems, and evacuation systems. Distribution
Boards and Panels: Distribution boards and electrical panels must be installed in accessible
locations and must be properly labeled to indicate the circuits they control. Adequate space
must be provided for maintenance and inspection. Wiring Methods: Wiring methods must
comply with the prescribed standards, including the use of conduits, trunking, and proper
supports. The types of wiring used (e.g., PVC-insulated, armoured cables) must be suitable
for the environment. Inspection and Testing: Regular inspection and testing of electrical
installations are required to ensure they remain safe and operational. This includes visual
inspections, insulation resistance testing, and continuity testing. Documentation:
Comprehensive documentation of the electrical installation is required. This includes wiring
diagrams, load schedules, and test certificates. These documents must be available for
inspection by the authorities.
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Here's a detailed overview of each of these aspects, focusing on their practical

implementation and compliance with relevant standards:
Compliance with Standards
• Relevant Standards: Electrical installations must adhere to Malaysian Standards

(MS), such as MS IEC 60364 (Electrical Installations of Buildings) and MS 1979
(Electrical Wiring Installation), as well as international standards like IEC 60364.
• Suruhanjaya Tenaga Requirements: Compliance with guidelines and regulations
issued by the Energy Commission of Malaysia, including those detailed in the
Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Electricity Regulations 1994.
Safety Measures
• Proper Installation: Ensuring that all wiring is installed according to standards,

including correct routing, securing, and termination.
• Appropriate Materials: Use of high-quality, approved materials for wiring, switches,
and other electrical components.
• Safety Devices: Implementation of safety devices such as circuit breakers, fuses, and
residual current devices (RCDs) to protect against overloads, short circuits, and earth
faults.
Licensing and Certification
• Licensed Professionals: Only licensed electrical contractors and certified electricians

can carry out electrical installation work.
• Regular Inspections: Periodic inspections and certifications by authorized personnel
to ensure installations meet safety standards.
• Training and Certification: Ongoing education and certification for electricians to
keep them updated with current standards and practices.
Load Calculations
• Load Analysis: Detailed calculations to determine the expected electrical load,

considering all connected devices and future expansion.
• Design Considerations: Ensuring that cables, circuit breakers, and other components
are rated for the calculated load.
• Thermal Management: Taking into account heat dissipation and ventilation to
prevent overheating.
Earthing and Bonding

• Earthing Systems: Installation of earthing rods, earth mats, or other grounding
systems to ensure all metallic parts are at earth potential.
• Bonding: Connecting all metal parts to the earthing system to prevent potential
differences and reduce shock hazards.
• Testing: Regular testing of earthing resistance to ensure effectiveness.
Emergency Systems
• Emergency Lighting: Provision of emergency lighting to ensure safe evacuation in

case of power failure.
• Backup Power: Installation of generators or uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for
critical systems such as fire alarms and sprinkler systems.
• Fire Safety: Integration of electrical systems with fire safety mechanisms to ensure
they remain operational during emergencies.
Distribution Boards and Panels
• Accessibility: Ensuring distribution boards and panels are installed in easily

accessible locations for maintenance and emergency shutdowns.
• Labeling: Clear and accurate labeling of all circuits and components within
distribution boards.
• Space Allocation: Providing adequate space around panels for safe maintenance and
inspections.
Wiring Methods
• Conduits and Trunking: Use of conduits, trunking, and cable trays to protect and
manage cables.
• Cable Selection: Choosing appropriate cables (e.g., PVC-insulated, armoured cables)
based on environmental conditions and load requirements.
• Supports and Fixings: Ensuring cables are adequately supported and fixed to prevent
sagging and mechanical damage.
Inspection and Testing
• Visual Inspections: Regular visual checks to identify signs of wear, damage, or

potential hazards.
• Insulation Resistance Testing: Measuring insulation resistance to ensure there are no
leakages.
• Continuity Testing: Verifying that all conductors are continuous and correctly
connected.
Documentation
• Wiring Diagrams: Detailed diagrams showing the layout of the electrical system,
including all connections and components.
• Load Schedules: Comprehensive schedules listing all loads, their ratings, and
connection points.
• Test Certificates: Certificates of compliance and test results to be kept for inspection
by authorities.
• Maintenance Records: Keeping records of all maintenance and inspection activities.
By adhering to these guidelines, electrical installations can be carried out safely, efficiently,
and in compliance with both local and international standards.

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Key Electrical Engineering Codes and Standards

1. Malaysian Standards (MS)

Applications and Specifications

1. Residential and Commercial Buildings

Local Context and Requirements

Here's a detailed overview of each of these aspects, focusing on their practical

Compliance with Standards

• Relevant Standards: Electrical installations must adhere to Malaysian Standards

• Proper Installation: Ensuring that all wiring is installed according to standards,

Licensing and Certification

• Licensed Professionals: Only licensed electrical contractors and certified electricians

• Load Analysis: Detailed calculations to determine the expected electrical load,

Earthing and Bonding

• Emergency Lighting: Provision of emergency lighting to ensure safe evacuation in

Distribution Boards and Panels

• Accessibility: Ensuring distribution boards and panels are installed in easily

Inspection and Testing

• Visual Inspections: Regular visual checks to identify signs of wear, damage, or

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