雅思阅读长难句分析

1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with
these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.

2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology
or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,
reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is
interpreted.

4.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in
general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

5.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the
efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and
technologists of all kinds.

---------------------------1-5 答案-----------------
1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with
these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程
必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

要点：句子的框架是 it is imagined … that…, and that …。这是典型的句型 it + is + p. p. （过去分

词）+ that clause。it 是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的 that 引导的主语从句，由连词
and 连接。
operation 此处不能译成“操作”，根据上下文应译成“活动”，这里的 processes 要译成“思
维过程”，而不能简单地理解成“过程”。

2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology
or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往
取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量

要点：句子的框架是 whether …or… often depends on …。whether … or 引导了主语从句作句子

的主语， financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”；介词结构 of which is seen as the
driving force 是宾语 the issue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了 which 引导的介词宾语从句。

3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,
reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is
interpreted.
译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适
宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智

要点：句子的框架是 how … depends on … and on … 。句子的主语由 how 引导的主语从句担任；

谓语动词词组 depends on 后面跟了两个由 and 连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词 with +
which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 the skill and wisdom。
4. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in
general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

1
译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的
研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 there is no agreement whether … or … 。 主 句 是 there is no agreement,

agreement 后面紧跟了由 whether 引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语
refers to 跟了两个由连词 or 连接的并列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general;
b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一个宾语中，
形容词词组 peculiar to historical work 和介词词组 in general 作后置定语修饰 the concepts；在第
二 个 宾 语 中 同 样 有 形 容 词 词 组 appropriate… to … of historical inquiry 作 后 置 定 语 修 饰 the
research techniques。

5. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the
efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and
technologists of all kinds.
译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高
则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力

要点：句子的框架是 furthermore, it is obvious that…, and that …。这是典型的句型 it + is +

obvious + that clause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词 and 连接的两个并列的主语从句：a.
that the strength is …bound with…; b. and that this … rests upon the efforts …。第一个主语从句中
的词组 be bound up with 是“与…有关联”之意；在第二个主语从句中，代词 this 指代前文的
the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，译为“效率的提高”。

6.What could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to
regulate body rhythms.

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7.There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be
35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.

8.It seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually
being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.

9.It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely
criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.

10.There are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from
what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.

------------------------6-10 答案-----------------------
6. What could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to
regulate body rhythms.
译文：能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节
人体节奏。

要点：句子的框架是 what … is the hormone melatonin which is …。what 引导了一个主语从句，

而谓语部分中由 which 引导了非限制性定语从句 hormone melatonin。句中 jet-lag 是“时差综合
症”，blues 不能译成“蓝色”，而是“忧郁”之意。

7. There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will
be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.
译文：12 岁至 19 岁年龄组的孩子目前有 3100 万，人口学家预测，到 2010 年他们将达到 3500
万，比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多

要点：句子的框架是 there are … kids …, and demographers predict that …。这是一个并列复合句，

在第二个并列分句中，谓语动词 predict 后面跟了一个 that 引导的宾语从句；在 that 宾语从句中，
a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak 是 35 million teens 的同位语。

8. It seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually
being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.
译文：地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正
在发生。

要点：句子的框架是 it seemed … but what … was that …。句子由 but 连接的两个并列分句构成：

a. it seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that … 在第二个分句中 ，
what 引导了主语从句担任主语，that 引导了表语从句。这里 injection 不能译成“注射”，根据
上下文要译成“注入”。

9. It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely
criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.
译文：那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊讶了，批评者的部
分根据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。

3
要点：句子的框架是 it is … surprising … that education system have … been … criticized, … on
the ground that …。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，而主语从句又包含了
that 引导的同位语从句 that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介词
词组 on the ground 中 ground 的同位语，ground 这里的意思是“根据”。

10.There are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from
what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.

要点：句子的框架是 there are … grounds for thinking that the health… derives from what …, rather
than what…。介词结构 for thinking …中包含了 that 引导的宾语从句作分词 thinking 的宾语；而
这个宾语从句中又包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句： a. what we’re able to put into life; b. what
we try to get out of it. 两个宾语从句由 rather than 连接。
译文：至于个人和社会的健康可以以这样的理由来衡量，我们对生活能够付出多少而不是我们
能向生活取得多少。

11. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities,
there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.

12. Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or
encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand
math concepts.

4
13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed
plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic
– projects in recent aerospace engineering

14. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves
declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence
to support the claim.

15.Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that
physicists had devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.

---------------------------11-15 答案---------------------------
11. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities,
there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
译文：因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的
更为详尽的信息，做更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

要点：句子的框架是 it … becomes … that, if …, there will have to be…。it 是形式主语，that 引导

的主语从句是句子的真正主语，在 that 从句中，if 引导了条件状语从句。

12. Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or
encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand
math concepts.
译文：我们应该用心算来增加孩子们的负担，还是应该鼓励他们使用计算器来减轻其繁重的学
习任务，使他们不再费神去理解（抽象的）数学概念，专家们对此尚未达成一致。

要点：句子的框架是 experts are debating whether we should …, or encourage…。句子的主语部分

是 experts are debating …，而 whether … or … 引导了宾语从句作谓语动词 are debating 的宾语。
其中 burden…with…是“使…背上负担”之意；在后半句 or encourage the use of calculators to
relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts 中，两个并列的不定
式短语 to relieve … of …和 to free…to understand …作目的状语。另外，词组 relieve somebody of
something 指“减轻…”。

13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed
plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic
– projects in recent aerospace engineering.
译文：波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飞机的计划，这一决定使近
年来航空工程中最富想象力—还有人称纯属空想的计划落了空。

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 the announcement… that is has decided… brings an end to … 。 主 语 the

announcement 后面跟了一个 that 引导的同位语从句，在 that 从句中，动词不定式短语 to build…
called the sonic cruiser 作 plan 的后置定语，而不定式短语中的过去分词短语 called the sonic
cruiser 作 plane 的后置定语；破折号之后的 and some say 是插入语。
14. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves
declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence
to support the claim.
译文：一个宣称人类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教组织于星期五宣布第一个克隆人已出生，但它
没有谈及过多细节，也没有提供任何证据。

要点：句子的框架是 a religious sect… declared … that …, but it offered…。这个句子中，由 but 连

接了两个并列分句。在前一个分句中，由 that 引导的定语从句 that contends that… by cloning

5
themselves 修饰先行词 a religious sect，而定语从句中又包含了 that 引导的宾语从句作动词
contends 的宾语。

15.Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that
physicists had devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.
译文：然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中，都没有发现这种影响：光速没有变
化。

要点：定语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构，翻译成前置的定语词组。

16. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all
probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）would be about 1/25th the speed of light

17. But such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third
rail rather than from overhead conductors.

18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an
electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities
seen in the scene being pictured.

6
19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective
weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.

20. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because
of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.

------------------------16-20 答案-----------------
16. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all
probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）would be about 1/25th the speed of light.

译文：如果探测体需要，比如说，100 年时间来生成自己的副体，那么所有探测体传遍整个星
系的平均速度大约为光速的 1/25

17. but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third
rail rather than from overhead conductors.
译文：但是，这样的问题主要局限于从第三轨而不是从高架线得到电力的那些铁路上。

要点：在限制性定语从句中有一个固定短语 rather than，我们还是把它翻译成稍复杂的带

“的”的定语从句。

18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an
electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities
seen in the scene being pictured.
译文：因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电子更多，所以产生的电子
图像随正电荷的变化强度，使正在描述的荧幕上的光强度成倍增强。

要点：在这句的定语从句中，有现在分词作前置定语，及过去分词作后置定语，翻译成前置的
定语词组会生涩拗口。因此，将从句与主句分开翻译，单独成句。

19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective
weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.
译文：在最初的几年里，杂草可能在农作物之间繁茂地蔓生，为了消灭这些杂草，需要有效的
除草剂，发挥与耕地同样的消灭杂草的作用。

要点：这是一个典型的将定语从句译为前置的并列分句的例子。

20. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because
of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.
译文：在大的铁路终点站，站长的工作主要是行政管理的，这是由于车站运营范围广、工作人
员多。

要点：在本句的翻译中基本上看不出原句中定语从句 of which he is in command 的痕迹。定语从

句完全融入汉语翻译中。

7
21. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier,
which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.

22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the
academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and
obedience to arbitrary authority.

23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light
photons （光子）freely emerge.

24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion

8
25. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and
selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.

------------------------------21-25 答案-------------------
21. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier,
which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.
译文：一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时，他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架，它随着气流时而划一个大
弧，时而划一个小弧。

要点：定语从句被翻译为后置的并列分句，用人称代词“它”代替先行词“吊架灯”。

22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the
academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and
obedience to arbitrary authority.
译文：虽然爱因斯坦门门功课都很优异，数学尤为突出，但他很讨厌上这所慕尼黑的中学。在
这所学校里成功取决于死机硬背和对专职权威的服从。

要点：although 引导的让步状语从句和 where 引导的非限制性定语从句。

23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light
photons （光子）freely emerge.
译文：一个例子就是太阳的边缘，这是一个气状的表面，可见光的光子从中源源涌出。

要点：本句在非限制性定语从句里又包含一个限制性定语从句，为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们
将两个定语从句都译为后置的并列分句。

24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion
译文：火箭在太空中运行最佳，因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。

要点：在语义上，定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系，因此我们将定语从句译为原因状语从句。

25. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and
selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.
译文：代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议，而现在则发展到招募兵员并推选乔治• 华
盛顿为总司令了。

要点：定语从句与先行词融合起来，翻译成时间状语从句。

26. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading
into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.

27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily
linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.

28. In the Greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the
rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.

29. Medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of
evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine
what is relevant.

9
30. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli
which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual
development.

-----------------------------26-30 答案-------------
26. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading
into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 the food supply will not increase... to match this, which means that we are
heading into a crisis ...。关系代词 which 引导非限制性定语从句。其先行词是前面一整句。翻译时
译成另一个分句。在这个从句中又包含了一个由 that 引导的名词从句作 means 的宾语。指示代词
this 在这儿指代上文的人口增长。

译文：食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入
危机。

27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily
linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.

要点：句子的框架是 other issues that concern ...，are not easily linked to...，save at...。这是一个含
有 that 引导的定语从句的长主句，other issues 是主语，也是先行词。such as 引导并列成分。谓语
是 are not easily linked to public support of scientific research 。 save 在 这 个 句 子 中 相 当 于
“except”，意为“除了。。。”。body politic 可译为“国家”。

译文：除了在教育层次上，其他一些与国家息息相关的问题，如犯罪、贫穷和福利都难以与公
共支持的科研相提并论。

28. In the Greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the
rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.

要点：句子的框架是 in the Greek heritage..., myth has always been..., which signified...。关系代词
which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 reason。在这个句子中，which 引导的非限制性定语从句兼
有状语从句的功能，翻译时可视作原因状语从句翻译。reason 在此句中不译为“原因、理由”，
应译为“理性”。

译文：在西方希腊遗产中，神话与理性始终处于紧张冲突状态，因为理性意味着对现实进行合
情合理、符合实际的分析和描述
29. Medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of
evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine
what is relevant.

要点：句子的框架是 medicine, like all..., needs scholars who are able to... 。 like all branches of
science 是插入语。关系代词 who 引导定语修饰 scholars。在这个从句中包含一个名词从句—what
is relevant 作 determine 的宾语。flowing stream of new data 在此译为“新数据流”。apply...to 在此
句中译为“把……应用于……”。

译文：正像所有的科学分支一样，医学也需要这类学者，他们既能开发适当的“实证规则”，
又能把那些规则应用到不断变化的新数据流中去，进而确定哪些信息是相关的。

30. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli
which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual
development.

10
要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 behaviorists suggest that the child who is...environment where there
are...stimuli which develop...will experience greater...。that 引导名词从句做 suggest 的宾语。在这个
从句中又包含三个定语从句，一层套一层。从句中的主语是 the child，谓语是 will experience
greater intellectual development。关系代词 who 引导定语从句修饰 child。关系副词 where 引导定
语从句修饰 environment。关系代词 which 引导定语从句修饰 stimuli。stimuli 译为“刺激物”。

译文：行为主义者指出，如果一个孩子在有很多刺激物的环境中长大，那么这个儿童将会有更
高的智力发展。

31. My idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic
movement that gets their heart rates up.

32. That summer, those who remained were found fleeing down rivers to return home to England by
new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.

33. These new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle
managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the
recruits are winning.

34. This is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is
made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings.

35. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of
the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second.

11
-------------------------------31-35 答案---------------------
31. My idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic
movement that gets their heart rates up.

要点：句子的框架是 my idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are ... movement that gets their
heartrates up。关系副词 where 引导定语从句修饰 one，而关系代词 that 引导定语从句修饰
movement。one 指代 a good P.E. class。

译文：谈到一堂好的体育课，我的想法是，青年人在体育课中至少要进行 20 分钟使他们心跳
加快的基本运动。

32. That summer, those who remained were found fleeing down rivers to return home to England by
new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down ... by new
settlers ..., who encouraged them ...。这是一个被动句，翻译时译成主动句。who remained 是限制
性定语从句修饰主语 those。谓语部分是 were found fleeing down...。第二个 who 引导定语从句，
它的先行词是 new settlers。介词短语 with fresh supplies 作 new settlers 的定语。them 指代 those
who remained。

译文：那年夏天，带着给养刚刚到来的拓居者发现前期的幸存者们顺着河流逃往英国，便劝说
他们三思而行。

33. These new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle
managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the
recruits are winning.

要点：句子的框架是 these new-age executives are likely to cause…companies where longer-serving

middle
mangers, who have…, resent the concessions... 。 关 系 副 词 where 引 导 定 语 从 句 ， 修 饰 先 行 词
companies。在这个从句中，谓语 resent the concessions 被由关系代词 who 引导的非限制性定语
从 句 隔 开 。 the recruits are winning 是 一 个 省 略 了 关 代 词 that 的 定 语 从 句 ， 修 饰
concessions。concessions 译为“特许权”。the recruits 译为“新手，新成员”。
译文：这些新时代的理人员很有可能在一些公司制造事端，因为在这些里，在特权现象较少的
环境里，有较长工作年限的中等经理对这些新成员所赢得的特许权深感不满。

34. This is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is
made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings.

要点：句子的框架是 this is an…watch which is made of…。这个句中的中心名词 watch 既有形容

词作前置定语，又有定语从句作后置定语。一般在翻译时，将前置定语后置。

译文：这是一只由不锈钢和高精度配件制成的手表，它既美观、又防磁、防水、抗震、耐热。

35. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of
the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second.

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 they send out pulses of …, far above… the human ear, which can hear
sounds…。关系代词 which 引导定语从句，修饰 human ear。过去分词短语 pitched at…和介词短
语 far above…作 sound waves 的定语。they 指代前文的蝙蝠。pitch 原意为“投，高音，足球场”，
在此译为“发出”。

12
译文：人类的耳朵仅能听见最高频率为 20000 赫兹的声音，蝙蝠却可以发送出大超过这个限制
的高达 50000 赫兹的声波脉冲。

36. When they analyzed these rocks, they found “shocked” quartz grains-slivers with a particular
arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact.

37. As land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and
carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.

38. That summer, those who remained were found fleeing down river to return home to England by
new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.

39. By and large, the American diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products,
rather than on grains, which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the American
public.

40. These new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle
managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the
recruits are winning.

-----------------36-40 答案--------

13
36. When they analyzed these rocks, they found “shocked” quartz grains-slivers with a particular
arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact.

要点：when 引导的时间直接翻译为“在…的时候”。
译文：在分析这些岩芯时，他们发现“冲击”石英颗粒——带有特殊排列的微裂缩缝的薄片，
科学家认为他们外层空间来的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。

37. As land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and
carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.

要点：as 在句中引导的是一个时间状语从句。

译文：在陆地形式时，雨水和河水溶解了岩石中盐和其他物质并把他们带入海洋，使海水变咸。

38. That summer, those who remained were found fleeing down river to return home to England by
new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down… by new
settles…, who encouraged them…。这是一个被动句，翻译时译成主动句。 who remained 是限制
性定语从句修饰主语 those。谓语部分是 were found fleeing down…。第二个 who 引导定语从句，
它的先行词是 new settlers。介词短语 with fresh supplies 作 new settlers 的定语。 them 指代 those
who remained。

译文：那年夏天，带着给养刚刚到来的拓居者发现前期的幸存者们顺着河流逃往英国，便劝说
他们三思而行。
39. By and large, the American diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products,
rather than on grains, which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the American
public.

要点：句子的框架是 by and large, the American diet continued to…，rather than on grains, which
meant that…。关系代词 which 引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是上文的一整句。在这个从句
中又包含一个由 that 引导的名词从句作 meant 的宾语。 by and large 意为“总之，总而言
之”rather than 意为“而不是”。
译文：总的说来，美国人的膳食仍大量依赖家畜产品而不依赖粮食，这就意味着需要比较大的
土地面积来养活美国公众。

40. These new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle
managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the
recruits are winning.

要点：句子的框架是 these new-age executives are likely to cause…companies where longer-serving

middle mangers, who have…, resent the concessions...。关系副词 where 引导定语从句，修饰先行
词 companies。在这个从句中，谓语 resent the concessions 被由关系代词 who 引导的非限制性定
语 从 句 隔 开 。 the recruits are winning 是 一 个 省 略 了 关 代 词 that 的 定 语 从 句 ， 修 饰
concessions。concessions 译为“特许权”。the recruits 译为“新手，新成员”。

译文：这些新时代的理人员很有可能在一些公司制造事端，因为在这些里，在特权现象较少的
环境里，有较长工作年限的中等经理对这些新成员所赢得的特许权深感不满。

14
41. This is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is
made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings.

42. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of
the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second

43. When they analyzed these rocks, they found “shocked” quartz grains-slivers with a particular
arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact

44. As land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and
carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.

45. On the other hand, the person who is really guilty and whose past experience has prepared him for
such tests can distort the results by anticipating the crucial questions or deliberately giving
exaggerated responses to neutral ones.

-------------------41-45---------------------
41. This is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is
made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings.

15
要点：句子的框架是 this is an…watch which is made of…。这个句中的中心名词 watch 既有形容
词作前置定语，又有定语从句作后置定语。一般在翻译时，将前置定语后置。

译文：这是一只由不锈钢和高精度配件制成的手表，它既美观、又防磁、防水、抗震、耐热
42. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of
the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 they send out pulses of …, far above… the human ear, which can hear
sounds…。关系代词 which 引导定语从句，修饰 human ear。过去分词短语 pitched at…和介词短
语 far above…作 sound waves 的定语。they 指代前文的蝙蝠。pitch 原意为“定基音”，在此译为
“发出”。

译文：人类的耳朵仅能听见最高频率为 20000 赫兹的声音，蝙蝠却可以发送出大超过这个限制

的高达 50000 赫兹的声波脉冲。

43. When they analyzed these rocks, they found “shocked” quartz grains-slivers with a particular
arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact

要点：when 引导的时间直接翻译为“在…的时候”。

译文：在分析这些岩芯时，他们发现“冲击”石英颗粒——带有特殊排列的微裂缩缝的薄片，
科学家认为他们外层空间来的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。。

44. As land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and
carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.

要点：as 在句中引导的是一个时间状语从句。
译文：在陆地形成时，雨水和河水溶解了岩石中盐和其他物质并把他们带入海洋，使海水变咸。

45. On the other hand, the person who is really guilty and whose past experience has prepared him for
such tests can distort the results by anticipating the crucial questions or deliberately giving
exaggerated responses to neutral ones.

要点：句子的框架是 on the other hand, the person who is … and whose past experience has… can
distort the results by anticipating … or giving …。这是一个简单复合句。句子的主语 the person 和
谓语 can distort the results 被两个并列的定语从句隔开，分别由关系代词 who 和 whose 引导。介
词短语 by anticipating…，作状语。代词 ones 指代 questions。

译文：另一方面，一个真正犯了罪的人由于过去的经验使他对这种测验有所准备，或对关键问
题早有所料，或对中性问题故作夸大的反应，他是能使测验结果出现反常现象的。

16
46. Something further must be done to the amplified signals before they can be sent to the transmitting
antenna.

47. Sometimes this fall, if all goes well, a revolutionary new undersea vessel will be lowered gently
into the waters of Monterey bay for its maiden voyage.

48. If a free society doesn't help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.

49. The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does
not exceed certain limit.

50. It doesn’t boil, despite temperatures reaching up to 400 degrees c, because it is under terrific
pressure.

------------------------46-50-------------
46. Something further must be done to the amplified signals before they can be sent to the transmitting
antenna.

要点：before 引导的时间状语从句译为“...才...”使句意更为连贯。

译文：对于放大了的信号，必须作进一步的处理后，才能把它们馈送到发射天线上去。
sometimes this fall, if all goes well, a revolutionary new undersea vessel will be lowered gently into
the waters of Monterey bay for its maiden voyage.

17
47. Sometimes this fall, if all goes well, a revolutionary new undersea vessel will be lowered gently
into the waters of Monterey bay for its maiden voyage.

要点：if 引导的条件状语从句插在主句的中间，翻译时也做了同样的处理。

译文：今年秋天，如果一切顺利的话，一艘革命性新潜艇将轻轻在蒙特利海湾下水，进行它的
第一次航行。

48. If a free society doesn't help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.

译文：自由社会要是不能帮助众多的穷人，也就无法挽救少数富人。
49. The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does
not exceed certain limit.

要点：本句中条件状语由 provided 引导。引导条件状语从句的词组还有“providing, as long as”

等。
译文：如果外力不超过某一限度的话，那么形变量与外力成正比。

50. It doesn’t boil, despite temperatures reaching up to 400 degrees c, because it is under terrific
pressure.

译文：尽管温度可高达摄氏 400 度，水却因为处于高压之下而不会沸腾。

51. You “jump on the bandwagon” when you decide to support a candidate because public opinion
studies show he is likely to win.

52. He says computer manufacturers used to be more worried about electromagnetic interference, so
they often put blocks of materials inside to absorb stray signals.

53. Although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth, anything humans can do, nature has
already done better and in far, far less space.

54. While industrial lasers today are most often used for cutting, welding, drilling and measuring, the
laser’s light can be put to a much different use: separating isotopes （ 同 位 素 ） to produce nuclear
fuel.

55. No matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly, the insect will dart off almost every
time.

----------------51-55----------
51. You “jump on the bandwagon” when you decide to support a candidate because public opinion
studies show he is likely to win.

要点：译文中将原句的语序作了前后调整，原因状语前置，而主句被翻译成表示结果的分句。

译文：如果民意调查显示某个候选人很可能会取胜，因此你决定支持他，你就“跳上了宣传
车”。

18
52. He says computer manufacturers used to be more worried about electromagnetic interference, so
they often put blocks of materials inside to absorb stray signals.

译文：他说过去的计算机生产商往往更担心电磁干扰，所以他们常常内置一层材料来吸收杂散
信号。

53. Although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth, anything humans can do, nature has
already done better and in far, far less space.

要点：although 引导的让步状语从句译成“虽然……但”。
译文：虽然人类是地球上最聪明的生物，人能创造一切，但大自然更富于创造性，早已创造出
比人类创造的更好更小巧的东西。

54. While industrial lasers today are most often used for cutting, welding, drilling and measuring, the
laser’s light can be put to a much different use: separating isotopes （ 同 位 素 ） to produce nuclear
fuel.

要点：while 在本句中并非引导一个时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句。
译文：虽然今天的工业激光器最经常用于切割、焊接、钻孔和测量，但激光可以用于与此迥异
的用途：分离同位素以生产核燃料。

55. No matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly, the insect will dart off almost every
time.

译文：不管你多么小心翼翼地把手伸向一只苍蝇，差不多每次它都飞走。

56. For example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the process.

57. There must be device non-linearity in order that such a phenomenon could be possible.

58. The saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them, or mounted on rollers
so that they move with any movements of the cables.

59. In addition, the cameraman must have a knowledge of composition so that the arrangement of the
people and objects in each shot will produce the desired effect.

60. The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of
intelligence is to be made. for example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students
can study the process.

-----------------------------51-60-------------------
56. For example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the process.

要点：原句中由 so that 引导的目的状语从句在译文中放到了主句之前。

译文：例如，为了能让学生研究这一过程，电影可以放慢演示晶体的形成过程。

57. There must be device non-linearity in order that such a phenomenon could be possible.

19
译文：为了使这一现象有可能发生，就必须存在器件的非线性。

58. The saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them, or mounted on rollers
so that they move with any movements of the cables.

要点：句中有两个目的状语从句，在翻译时，并未直接翻译成“为了……”，而是译为“这样
……”，更能让人接受。
译文：鞍座可以是固定的，这样钢缆可以在它上面滑动，也可以安装在滚柱上，这样鞍座就会
随钢缆的移动而移动。

59. In addition, the cameraman must have a knowledge of composition so that the arrangement of the
people and objects in each shot will produce the desired effect.

译文：另外，摄影师必须具备构图的知识，以备安排好每个镜头中的人和物来达到预期的效果。

60. The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of
intelligence is to be made. for example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students
can study the process.

要点：句子的框架是 the first two must be equal for all who are…, if any comparison…。if 引导条件
状语从句。主句总含有一个由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 all。in terms of 译为“谈到，
就……而论”。

译文：如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一
样的。

61.New forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in
the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

62. If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a
refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory.

63. Every time you try to answer a question that asks why, you engage in the process of causal
analysis – you attempt to determine a cause or series of causes for a particular effect.

64. Where it is dry so much of the time that few plants can live, the destructive waters have their own
way when the occasional rains come.

65. Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be
controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts.

-----------------------61-65-------------
61.New forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in
the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

要点：句子的框架是 new forms of thoughts as well as new subjects…must arise in the future as they
have…,giving rise to…。as 引导方式状语从句。现在分词短语 giving rise to new standards of
elegance 充当结果状语，修饰动词 arise。并列连词 as well as 引导两个并列的主语。subjects 在此
意为“研究对象”。give rise to 意为“引起，导致”。

译文：同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。

20
62. If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a
refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory.

要点：句子的框架是 if the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph…，a refinement
of the big bang called…。if 引导条件状语从句。 as 引导方式状语从句，省略了 they are。a
refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory 是 scientific idea 的同位语。过去分
词短语 called the inflationary universe theory 修饰 a refinement 作定语。that 指“那些小热点看上
去同预计的一致”这件事。the inflationary universe theory 译为“宇宙膨胀理论”。refinement 意
为“改进，提炼”。

译文：假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更
完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。

63. Every time you try to answer a question that asks why, you engage in the process of causal
analysis – you attempt to determine a cause or series of causes for a particular effect.

要点：句子的框架是 every time you try to answer…，you engage in the process of…– you attempt
to determine。every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”。是一个名词化的连接词。这个从句
中包含一个由 that 引导的定语从句。破折号引导的句子做主句的同位语。engage in 意为“参与，
参加”。
译文：每当你试图回答一个问及“为什么”的问题时，你就是在进行因果分析了。也就是说，
你正努力寻找决定某个结果的某个原因或一系列原因。

64. Where it is dry so much of the time that few plants can live, the destructive waters have their own
way when the occasional rains come.

要点：句子的框架是 where it is dry…，the destructive waters have…。where it is dry…是地点状语

从句。it 是无人称代词，表示自然现象。在这个从句中包含了一个由 that 引导的结果状语从句，
与 so 相呼应。主句中包含一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句。the destructive waters 不能直译为
“具有破坏性的水”，而应与谓语结合转译为“雨水泛滥，造成灾害”。

译文：在长期干旱以致植物稀少的地方，偶尔降雨便会泛滥，造成灾害。

65. Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be
controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts.

要点：句子的框架是 whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that…if only companies,
…。whatever 引导让步状语从句，谓语 may be 省略。句子主语为 reasons，whatever 是 may be 的
表语。its 指代 pollution’s。主句中 that 引导的是 doubt 的同位语从句。过去分词 caused 做 pollution
的定语。在同位语从句中包含了由 if only 引导的条件状语从句。整个同位语从句用虚拟语气，
表示这种可能性很小。
译文：不论污染的根本原因是什么，毫无疑问，只要各大公司、个人和各级政府都能做出较大
的努力，所造成的大部分污染是可以加以控制的。

21
66. Now, commercial farmers have become increasingly specialized so that almost everything
consumed on most farms is now bought from outside sources rather than home-grown.

67. As the electronic cash is downloaded, the customers’ bank accounts are debited, just as they would
be after an ATM withdrawal.

68. Since most “action-adventure” dramas occurs in urban settings, the fear they inspire may
contributes to the current flight of the middle class from our cities.

69. Lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two
floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs.

70. Evidently, the color changes are caused by plants that do not grow by earth processes.

-------------------66-70---------------------
66. Now, commercial farmers have become increasingly specialized so that almost everything
consumed on most farms is now bought from outside sources rather than home-grown.

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 … commercial farmers have become…specialized so that almost everything

consumed…is bought…rather than…。so that 引导结果状语从句。过去分词短语 consumed on most
farms 作定语修饰 everything。rather than 译为“而不是”，表比较。

译文：现在，商业社会的农民已越来越专业化，因而在大部分农场消费的几乎所有东西现在都
是从外面采购的，而不是农场自己生产的。

67. As the electronic cash is downloaded, the customers’ bank accounts are debited, just as they would
be after an ATM withdrawal.

22
要点：句子的框架是 as the electronic cash is…, the customers’ bank accounts are…, just as they
would be…。第
一个 as 引导时间状语从句，而后一个 as 引导方式状语从句。debit 译为“记入帐户借方”。ATM
译为“自动取款机”。

译文：在电子现金下载后，客户的银行存款就记入帐户的借方，就像在自动取款机取款后那样。

68. Since most TV “action-adventure” dramas occurs in urban settings, the fear they inspire may
contributes to the current flight of the middle class from our cities.

要 点 ： 句 子 的 框 架 是 since most TV “action-adventure” dramas occurs…, the fear they…may

contributes to…。since 引导原因状语从句。they inspire 修饰主句的主语，the fear 做定语，省略了
关系代词 that。contributes to 在句中应译为“促使，造成”。drama 在文中不表示“戏剧”，而
译为“节目，影片”。

译文：由于电视播放的大部分“动作片”、“冒险片”以城市为背景，由此引起的恐惧感正促
使中产阶级逃离城市。

69. Lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two
floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs.

要点：句子的框架是 lifts stopped working, so that…, you had the unpleasant task…。so that 引导结
果状语从句。在这个从句中又套有一个由 even if 引导的让步状语从句。

译文：电梯停了，因此即使你幸而没有被困在两个楼层中间，你也得完成一项不愉快的任务，
即摸黑往下走百级楼梯。

70. Evidently, the color changes are caused by plants that do not grow by earth processes.
译文：明显地，颜色的变化是由那些不按照地球上的过程生长的植被造成的。

23
71. The photo was bought by a computer programmer from federal Germany.

72. The mystery may be resolved when more advanced space probes were sent to the mars.

73. Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infallibly are
attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail.

74. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant
forests of Amazonia seem ageless.

75. The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously, using waiting-room smarts, using your
time wisely, and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.

-----------------------70-75--------------------
71. The photo was bought by a computer programmer from federal Germany.
译文：那张照片被一位来自前联邦德国的计算机程序员买走了。

72. The mystery may be resolved when more advanced space probes were sent to the mars.
译文：当更先进的宇宙探测器被送向火星时，这一神秘的现象将得以澄清。

73. Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infallibly are
attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail.

分析： 该句主语是 automated techniques, 谓语是 attract,宾语是 attention, in these days of increased
use of credit cards and e-mail 在句子里起时间状语的作用。

译文： 在信用卡和电子邮件越来越多地被使用的今天，用来测量这些特性和确认人的身份的
自动技术吸引了广泛的关注。

24
74. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant
forests of Amazonia seem ageless.

分析： 该句中，as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners 充当插入语，阅读
句子时，可以先忽略这部分。
译文： 对不经意看到的人和有影响力的自然科学家、区域规划者来说，亚马逊地区的繁茂的森
林似乎是永恒的。

75. The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously, using waiting-room smarts, using your
time wisely, and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.

译文：问候阶段包括礼貌地向每个人问候，在等候室灵活使用一些交往技能，合理地使用自己
的时间，同面试你的人会面时恰如其分地使用一些礼节。

76. Government has encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the
paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for
even greater utilization of used fibre.

77. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.

78. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will
therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.

79. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists
of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

80. Today’s hyper-growth organizations in logistics industry compete in global markets crowded with
aggressive new competitors and non-traditional service channels.

-----------------------76-80----------------------
76. Government has encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the
paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for
even greater utilization of used fibre.

分析： 分析：这个复合句可以从 and 处将句子分成两个相对较短的句子：and 前面是一个简单

句;and 后面的句子有一个由 that 引导的定语从句，充当 new recycling technologies 的定语。

译文： 政府鼓励了废纸的回收和分类计划，同时造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术作出了反
应，这个回收技术为更大程度地利用已经使用过的纤维铺平了道路。

77. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.
译文： 系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。

25
78. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will
therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.
译文： 但是你们也要明白不同的民族看待事物有不同的方法，所以如果刚好我们的看法与你
们的不一样的话，你们也不应觉的被冒犯了。

79. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists
of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

分析： 句子主干是 arguing from the view that humans are…, extremists of this…逗号前面是一个
现在分词短语，做状语，里面又有一个 that 从句做 the view 的同位语，逗号后面的 that 从句是
一个宾语从句。
译文： 这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问
题。

80. Today’s hyper-growth organizations in logistics industry compete in global markets crowded with
aggressive new competitors and non-traditional service channels.

分析： today’s hyper-growth organizations in logistics industry 是主语，compete 是谓语，in global

markets crowded with aggressive new competitors and non-traditional service channels. 是状语，其
中 crowded with aggressive new competitors and non-traditional service channels.是过去分词作后置
定语修饰“markets”
译文： 如今，物流行业里一些飞速发展的组织正参与着全球市场的竞争，这一市场充斥着富
有进取心的新竞争者以及非传统的服务渠道。
81. There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with
submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their
hands alone.

82. For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality ，and thus do not tell how able
an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

83. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the
high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.

84. Thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a
natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.

85. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age for these
children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

------------------81-85------------------
81. There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with
submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their
hands alone.

分 析 ： that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far
greater 是定语从句修饰 robot systems，其中 far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can
achieve with their hands alone.是一个带有省略成分的比较结构，是对 submillimeter accuracy 的
进一步说明。理解的时候应该将省略的部分补充完整。(the submillimeter accuracy) is far greater
precision than (the precision which)highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

译文： 现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术 ---这要比极具技

巧的医生单单用手精确得多。

26
82. For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality ，and thus do not tell how able
an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

分析： 结构分析:句子的框架是 they do not compensate…，and thus do not tell how…。and 连接两
个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由 how 引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句，
其中 had he grown up…（=if he had grown up…）是省略了连词 if 的非真实条件句。主句主语的
they，在此代指上文提到的 tests; able 在句中作 might have been 的表语。underprivileged 在此不
能译为“没有特权的”，而译为“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”。

译文： 例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，
如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。

83. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the
high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.

结构分析: 句子的主干是 this will be particularly true…。since 引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套

嵌一个由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，
that 做主语，makes 做谓语，it 做形式宾语，不定式短语 to combine few farmers with high yields
则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部 to combine 是主干，few farmers 是宾语，with high yields 是
状语），possible 做宾语补足语。this 指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch 译为“能源的
乏”;in…fashion 译为“用…方法、方式”。

译文： 这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农
业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

84. Thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a
natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.
结构分析: 句子的框架是 a regularity…will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical
regularity…。介词 for 加关系代词 which 引导定语从句修饰 a regularity。an empirical regularity 后
又有定语从句 that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories 修饰。grounds 意为“根
据，理由”;subsume 意为“把…归入，纳入”。

译文： 因此，与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比，一条具有普
遍理论依据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则。

85. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age for these
children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

译文： 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜
能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

27
86. It was the desire to be scholarly that brought about a wave of Latin terms which appeared in the
16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout Europe.

87. Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him，a person can sometimes feel the
bolt coming and if quick enough，take protective action in time.

88. These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving
nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences.

89. As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970"s, to 18.5 percent--little more than
two thirds the 1960"s growth figure and considerably below that of other western states.

90. For many the day seemed an adventure, a long outing in the late summer sun—part liberation from
home, part Sunday school picnic, part political convention, and part fish fry.

-------------86-90----------
86. It was the desire to be scholarly that brought about a wave of Latin terms which appeared in the
16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout Europe.

结构分析 ： 句子的框架是 it was the desire…that brought about a wave…。it is…that…是强调句型，

强调主语 the desire to be scholarly。关系代词 which 引导定语从句,修饰 Latin terms;关系副词
when 引导定语从句,修饰 century。句中 scholarly 做“博学多才”讲;humanist movement 译为“人
文主义运动”;impetus 意为“动力,促进”。

译文： 在 16 世纪的时候，人文主义运动促进了欧洲各国的学术运动，人们都想显示自己的博
学多才，从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。

87. Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him，a person can sometimes feel the
bolt coming and if quick enough，take protective action in time.

结构分析 ： 句子的框架是 a person can…feel the bolt and…take protective action…。and 连接两个
并列的谓语动词。句首 despite 是介词引导介词短语作状语，此短语中 that 引导的名词性从句做
saying 的同位语，此同位语从句中，if lightning…是一个名词性从句，作 know 的宾语，if 在句

28
中相当于 whether。主句中 if quick enough 补充完整为 if he is quick enough，是条件状语从句，
为 take action 的前提条件。句中 bolt 译为“闪电”。

译文： 尽管人们常说一个人从来不知道是否遭到闪电的袭击，但是一个人有时能感觉到闪电
的到来，如果动作快，就能及时采取保护措施。

88. These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving
nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences.
译文： 这些广告被放置在面向家庭的与自然和美国有关的电视节目里面,以便最有效的接触到
目标观众.

89. As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970’s, to 18.5 percent--little more than
two thirds the 1960’s growth figure and considerably below that of other western states.

译文： 结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在 20 世纪 70 年代时下降到了 18．5％一 一稍高于 60

年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。
90. For many the day seemed an adventure, a long outing in the late summer sun—part liberation from
home, part Sunday school picnic, part political convention, and part fish fry.

译文： 对于许多人来说，这一天像冒险活动，在盛夏和阳光下长时间等着——有的是从家里
出来轻松，有的是学校周日野炊，有的是政治会议，有的烤鱼吃。

29
91. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to
"push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted
customers.

92. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-
developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

93. And by the help of further reasoning, which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two or
three other syllogism, you arrive at your final determination, I will not have that apple.

94. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps
often have to force them to break for sports and games.

95. Such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries, is reinforced by the widely-
held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of
mankind.

-------------91-95-----------
91. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to
"push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted
customers.

译文： 但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接将信息"推出"给
顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。

92. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-
developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

译文：但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在 其他因素相同的情
况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。

93. And by the help of further reasoning, which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two or
three other syllogism, you arrive at your final determination, I will not have that apple.
解析： 这是复合句。主句是 you arrive at your final determination.by the help of …… 是介词短语
作状语，which 引导的定语从句修饰 reasoning. if drawn out 是省略句，用作表示条件的状语从
句，完整的句子是 if the reasoning can be drawn out.翻译时采用顺序法，定语从句采用分句法 。
syllogism：三段论；演绎推理。

30
译文：借助于进一步的推理，这种推理如果加以引申，还可表现为其他两三种演绎推理，你便
会做出最终决定：“我不吃那个苹果了。”

94. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps
often have to force them to break for sports and games.
解析： 本句的基本结构是 the children become so involved with their computers that……。因为把
so involved with their computers 放在了句首，所以句子必须倒装。因为该句的动词是 become，
所以用 do 来帮助倒装。翻译时宜用正装语序。

译文： 参加计算机夏令营的孩子们对计算机如此着迷，以至夏令营的负责人常常不得不强迫
他们停下来参加体育运动或做游戏。
95. Such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries, is reinforced by the widely-
held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of
mankind.
解析： 第一层：such a viewpoint,主 particularly prominent in the developing 定 countries, is 系
reinforced 表 by the widely-held belief 状 that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that
is end- 同位语从句 angering
the survival of mankind.
第二层：（同位语从句）that 引 it 形主 is not 系 the peaceful application 强调主语 of nuclear
energy 定 that 引 is endangering 谓 the survival 宾 of mankind. 定

要 点 : 本 句 主 干 为 such a viewpoint…… is reinforced by the widely-held belief ； 形 容 词 短 语

particularly prominent in the developing countries，作为插入语修饰 viewpoint，将主语和谓语分
隔开来；介词短语 by the widely-held belief 是被动语态 reinforced 的行为主体；that it is……
mankind 是 belief 的 同 位 语 从 句 ， 这 里 还 含 有 一 个 强 调 句 式 ， 即 it is not the peaceful
application……that is endangering……。

译文： 这种在发展中国家显得尤为突出的观点被一种广泛持有的信念所加强，即并非和平利
用核能正危害着人类的生存。

31
96. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the
writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against
the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.

97. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, for, as the rhyme goes,
change the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better.

98. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first
grade.

99. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an
underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

100. Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possible
to modify TV programming policies.

-------------96-100-----------
96. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the
writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against
the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.

解析： 否定词 nor 放在句首时，主谓倒装。is 放到了主语 management 前。同时，if 引导的条件

状语从句置于 nor 与句子的其他成分之间，造成了句子的割裂状态。条件状语从句中 as
desirable…… as the writing……可视为同级比较结构。句中 who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词
thinkers，可采用合译的方法翻译。be blamed for 为固定短语，意为“因…而受指责”。in favor
of ……在句中做状语。

译文： 假如像学术论文反映的那样，科学家们期望看到与某种标准模式符合的规律性和一致
性。那么，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪杰”，而喜欢善于合作的较常规思维的人，这也
是无可指责的。

97. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, for, as the rhyme goes,
change the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better.

解析： 第一层：no girl 主 should marry 谓 a man 宾 whose last name has the same initial as hers,定
语从句
for, as the rhyme goes, change 状语从句 the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better.
第二层：（定语从句）whose 引 last name 主 has 谓 the same initial 宾 as hers 定
（状语从句）for,引 as the rhyme goes,状 change 谓 the name 宾 but 连 not the letter,宾 marry
谓 for worse instead of better.状

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要点: 这是个主从复合句。for 是连接词，引导状语从句。as the rhyme goes 是插入语，插在 for 和
它引导的从句之间，造成 for 和它引导的从句的分离，翻译时，可译成一个主谓结构。

译文： 姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人，因为正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改首字
母，婚后必将受其苦。

98. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first
grade.

解析： 整个 of 短语作 observations 的定语，相当于 observations of the children at the beginning

and at the end of preschool and first grade were made.因为定语太长，所以将其置于动词之后，以
避免句子头重脚轻。这样 就造成了句子的割裂，翻译时应将被割裂的部分还原。preschool：学
前的。

译文： 人们对孩子们在学前班和小学一年级开始时和结束时的情况都曾进行过观察。

99. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an
underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

解析： 句中 had he grown up …… 是虚拟条件中省略 if 的倒装结构。翻译时，要把 if 的含义译

出。主句为并列谓语…… compensate …… ， and …… tell 结构。句中 how 引导宾语从句。虚拟条
件句为宾语从句的状语。根据汉语的表达习惯，条件状语常前置。

译文： 例如，它们并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人 ，
如果在较好的环境下成长，会有多大的才干。

100. Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possible
to modify TV programming policies.

解析： only 是加强语气的词语，位于句首时，主谓语要倒装。这样的句子一般可按原文顺序翻

译。has it been ……是主句，正装应是 it has been……。

译文： 只有大量调研提供出证据表明此类节目产生不良影响后，电视节目审查政策才有可能
改变。

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