Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences and Their Summation (A)

Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
and their Summation

等差數列和等比數列及其求和法
Exercises(練習)
1 (a) Find the general term of the arithmetic sequence 12, 7, 2, –3, ...
(b) If the kth term of the sequence is 38, find k.
(a) 求等差數列 12, 7, 2, –3, ... 的通項。
(b) 若該數列的第 k 項是–38，求 k 的值。
(a) Let a and d be the first term and the common difference of the arithmetic sequence respectively.
∵ a  12
and d  7  12  5
∴ T (n)  a  (n  1)d
 12  (n  1)(5)
 17  5n
(b) ∵ T (k )  38
∴ 17  5k  38
 5k  55
k  11
2. Consider the following sequence

1, 8, 27, 64, ...
(a) Determine the general term T(n) of the sequence.
(b) Write down the 5th term and the 7th term of the sequence.
考慮以下的數列：
1, 8, 27, 64, ...
(a) 寫出該數列的通項 T(n)。
(b) 求該數列的第 5 項和第 7 項。
(a) ∵ T (1)  1  13
T ( 2)  8  2 3
T (3)  27  33
T (4)  64  43
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14 Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
and their Summation
∴ T (n)  n3
(b) ∵ T (n)  n3
∴ T (5)  53  125
T (7)  73  343
∴ The 5th term and 7th term of the sequence are 125 and 343 respectively.
3. Consider the following sequence

log 1, log 4, log 9, log 16, ...
考慮以下的數列：
log 1, log 4, log 9, log 16, ...
(a) 寫出該數列的通項 T(n)。
(b) 求該數列的第 6 項和第 9 項。
(a) ∵ T (1)  log1  log12
T (2)  log4  log22
T (3)  log9  log32
T (4)  16  log42
∴ T (n)  logn 2
 2 logn
(b) ∵ T (n)  2 logn
T (6)  2 log6
T (9)  2 log9
∴
 2 log32
 4 log3
∴ The 6th term and the 9th term of the sequence are 2 log6 and 4 log3 respectively.
4. It is given that the first term a and the common difference d of an arithmetic sequence are 5 and 3
respectively.
(a) Find the general term T(n) of the sequence.
(b) Hence, find the 12th term and the18th term of the sequence.
已知一個等差數列的首項 a 是 5 而公差 d 是 3。
(a) 求該數列的通項 T(n)。
(b) 由此，求該數列的第 12 項和第 18 項。.
(a) ∵ a  5, d  3
and T (n)  a  (n  1)d
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Question Bank
∴ T (n)  5  (n  1)(3)
 3n  2
(b) ∵ T (n)  3n  2
∴ T (12)  3(12)  2
 38
T (18)  3(18)  2
 56
∴ The 12th term and 18th term of the sequence are 38 and 56 respectively.
5. If 16 is the arithmetic mean between x and y, while y is the arithmetic mean between x and 1, find the
values of x and y.
若 16 是 x 與 y 的等差中項，而 y 是 x 與 1 的等差中項，求 x 和 y 的值。
∵ 16 is the arithmetic mean between x and y
and y is the arithmetic mean between x and 1.
 x y
16  2  (1)
∴ 
y  x 1  (2)
 2
From (1), we have
x  y  32
y  32  x (3)
By substituting (3) into (2), we have

x 1
32  x 
2
64  2 x  x  1
3 x  63
x  21
By substituting x  21 into (3), we have
y  32  21
 11
6. For an arithmetic sequence, it is given that T(21) = –16 and T(25) = 20. Find
(a) the first term and the common difference of the sequence,
(b) the general term of the sequence.
在一個等差數列中，T(21) = –16 及 T(25) = 20。求
(a) 首項和公差；
(b) 通項。
T (21)  a  20d  16 (1)

T (25)  a  24d  20 (2)
80
and their Summation
(2) – (1), 4d  36
∴ d 9
By substituting d  9 into (1), we have
a  20(9)  16
a  196
∴ The first term and the common difference are -196 and 9 respectively.
(b) T (n)  a  (n  1)d

 196  (n  1)(9)
 9n  205
7. Given an arithmetic sequence –57, –51, –45, ..., 207.

(a) How many terms are there in the sequence?
(b) Find the value of m such that the mth term is the first positive term.
已知一個等差數列–57, –51, –45, ..., 207。
(a) 問該數列有多少項？
(b) 若第 m 項為該數列中的首個正數項，求 m 的值。
∵ a  57
and d  51 (57)  6
∴ T (n)  57  (n  1)(6)

 6n  63
Let 207 be the kth term.

∴ T (k )  207
6k  63  207
6k  270
k  45
∴ There are 45 terms in the sequence.
(b) The mth term is the first positive term of the sequence.
∴ T ( m)  0
6m  63  0
6m  63
63
m
6
∴ m  11
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Question Bank
8. Given two numbers 15 and 63,

(a) insert two arithmetic means between these two numbers,
(b) insert three arithmetic means between these two numbers.
在 15 與 63 兩個數之間插入
(a) 兩個等差中項；
(b) 三個等差中項。
(a) Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic sequence to be formed.
The arithmetic sequence formed is:
15,15  d ,15  2d ,63
∴ 15  3d  63
3d  48
d  16
∴ The two required arithmetic means are 31 and 47.
(b) Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic sequence to be formed.

15,15  d ,15  2d ,15  3d ,63
∴ 15  4d  63
4d  48
d  12
∴ The three required arithmetic means are 27, 39 and 51.
9. For a geometric sequence, it is given that T(3) = 5 and T(6) = 135. Find
(a) the first term and the common ratio of the sequence.
(b) the general term of the sequence,
T (2)  T (3)
(c) the value of .
T (5)
在一個等比數列中，T(3) = 5 及 T(6) = 135。求
(a) 該數列的首項和公比；
(b) 該數列的通項；
T (2)  T (3)
(c) 的值。
T (5)
(a) Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio of the sequence.
T (3)  aR2  5 (1)

T (6)  aR  135(2)
5
(2) ÷ (1), R 3  27
R3
By substituting R  3 into (1), we have
82
and their Summation
a (3) 2  5
5
a
9
5
∴ The first term and the common ratio are and 3 respectively.
9
5 n 1
(c) ∵ T ( n)  (3)
9
5 5
∴ T (2)  (3) 
9 3
5 2
T (3)  (3)  5
9
5 4
T (5)  (3)  45
9
5
5
T (2)  T (3) 3
∴ 
T (5) 45
4

27
10. It is given that the first term a and the common ratio R of a geometric sequence are 3 and 2 respectively.
(b) If T(k) = 768, find the value of k.
已知一個等比數列的首項 a 是 3 而公比 R 是 2。
(b) 若 T(k) = 768，求 k 的值。
(a) ∵ a  3, R  2
and T (n)  aRn 1
∴ T (n)  3(2)n 1
(b) ∵ T (k )  768
∴ 3( 2) k 1  768
2k 1  256
2k 1  28
k 1  8
k 9
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Question Bank
11. It is given that the first term a and the common ratio R of a geometric sequence are 2 and 4
respectively.
(b) Hence, find the 4th term and the 7th term of the sequence.
已知一個等比數列的首項 a 是 2 而公比 R 是–4。
(b) 由此，求該數列的第 4 項和第 7 項。
(a) ∵ a  2, R  4
∴ T (n)  2(4)n 1
(b) ∵ T (n)  2(4)n 1

4 1
∴ T (4)  2(4)
 2(64)
  128
T (7)  2(4)7 1
 2(4096)
 8192
12. Find the general term and the 12th term of the geometric sequence 27, –9, 3, –1, …
求等比數列 27, –9, 3, –1, ... 的通項和第 12 項。
Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio of the geometric sequence respectively.
9 1
∵ a  27 and R  
27 3
n 1
 1
∴ T (n)  aRn 1  27  
 3
1 21
 1
T (12)  27  
 3
 3 ( 3) 1 1
3
 33 (3) 1 1
  38
13. (a) Find the sum of the first 10 terms of an arithmetic series if its first term is 5 and the 10th term is
95.
(b) Find the sum of the first 12 terms of an arithmetic series if its first term is 31 and the common
difference is 3.
(a) 若一個等差級數的首項是 5 而第 10 項是 95，求該等差級數首 10 項之和。
84
and their Summation
(b) 若一個等差級數的首項是–31 而公差是 3，求該等差級數首 12 項之和。

(a) ∵ a  5,   95 and n  10
10(5  95)
∴ S (10) 
2
 500
(b) a  31, d  3 and n  12
12
∴ S (12)  [2(31)  (12  1)(3)]
2
  174
14. (a) Insert two geometric means between 54 and 128.

1
(b) Insert three geometric means between and 8.
2
(a) 在 54 與–128 之間插入兩個等比中項。
1
(b) 在與 8 之間插入三個等比中項。
2
(a) Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to be formed.
The geometric sequence formed is:
54,54R,54R2 ,128
∴ 54R 3  128
64
R3  
27
4
R
3
The two required geometric means are 72 and 96.
(b) Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to be formed.

1 1 1 2 1 3
, R, R , R ,8
2 2 2 2
1 4
∴ R 8
2
R 4  16
R  2 or R  2
The required geometric means are 1, 2, 4 or 1, 2, 4.
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Question Bank
15. If the geometric mean between k and 3k  2 is 2k  3 , find the value(s) of k.

若 2k + 3 是 k 與 3k + 2 的等比中項，求 k 的值。
∵ 2k  3 is the geometric mean between k and 3k  2 .
∴ (2k  3) 2  k (3k  2)
4k  12k  9  3k 2  2k
2
k 2  10k  9  0
(k  1)(k  9)  0
k  1 or 9
16. Given an arithmetic series (–17) + (–13) + ( –9) + ...,

(a) find the 15th terms,
(b) find the sum of the first 15 terms,
(c) find the sum of the first 30 terms,
(d) hence, find the sum from the 16th term to the 30th term.
已知一個等差級數：
(–17) + (–13) + ( –9) + ...
(a) 求第 15 項。
(b) 求首 15 項之和。
(c) 求首 30 項之和。
(d) 由此，求第 16 項至第 30 項之和。
(a) ∵ a  17 and d  13  (17)  4
∴ T (15)  17  (15  1)(4)

 39
15
(b) S (15)  (17  39)
2
 165
30[2(17)  (30  1)(4)]

(c) S (30) 
2
 1230
(d) T (16)  T (17)    T (30)  S (30)  S (15)

 1230 165
 1065
86
and their Summation
17. (a) Find the sum of the arithmetic series 3 + 12 + 21 + ... + 147.
(b) How many terms of the arithmetic series 1 + 3 + 5 + … must be taken to give a sum of 2025?
(a) 求等差級數 3 + 12 + 21 + ... + 147 各項之和。
(b) 對於等差級數 1 + 3 + 5 + ...，問需要取多少項才可使級數之和等於 2025？
(a) Let n be the number of terms of the given series.
a  3, d  12  3  9,   T (n)  147
and T (n)  a  (n  1)d
∴ 147  3  (n  1)(9)
144  9(n  1)
n  1  16
n  17
17(3  147)
∴ S (17) 
2
 1275
(b) Let N be the number of terms that must be taken.

a  1, d  3  1  2, S ( N )  2025
N
and S ( N )  [2a  ( N  1)d ]
2
N
∴ 2025  [2(1)  ( N  1)(2)]
2
2025  N [1  ( N  1)]
N 2  2025
N  45
∴ 45 terms of arithmetic series must be taken.
18. Find the least number of terms of the geometric series 3 + 15 + 75 + ... that can give a sum greater than
5000.
對於等比級數 3 + 15 + 75 + ...，問需要取多少項才可使級數之和大於 5000？
Let n be the number of terms required.
15
∵ a  3 and R  5
3
3(5n  1)
∴ S ( n)   5000
5 1
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Question Bank
3(5n  1)
 5000
4
20003
5n 
3
 20003
log5  log
n

 3 
 20003
n log5  log 
 3 
 20003
log 
n  3 
log5
n  5.47 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
∴ At least 6 terms is required.
19. (a) Find the sum of the first 6 terms of a geometric series if its first term is 27 and the common ratio
1
is .
3
(b) Find the sum of the first 8 terms of a geometric series if its first term is 3 and the common ratio is 2.
1
(a) 若一個等比級數的首項是 27 而公比是，求該級數首 6 項之和。
3
(b) 若一個等比級數的首項是 3 而公比是 2，求該級數首 8 項之和。
1
(a) ∵ a  27, R  and n  6
3
  1 6 
271    
  3  
∴ S ( 6) 
1
1
3
81  1 
 1  
2  729 
364

9
(b) ∵ a  3, R  2 and n  8
3(28  1)
S (8) 
2 1
 3(256  1)
 765
20. (a) Find the sum of the terms of the geometric series 2 + (–4) + 8 + (–16) + ... + 128.
(b) How many terms of the series in (a) must be taken to give a sum of 342?
(a) 求等比級數 2 + (–4) + 8 + (–16) + ... + 128 各項之和。
(b) 對於(a) 的等比級數，問需要取多少項才可使級數之和等於 342？
88
and their Summation
4
∵ a  2, R   2 and T (n)  aRn 1
2
∴ 128  2(2) n 1
(2) n 1  64
(2) n 1  26
n 1  6
n7
2[1  (2)7 ]
∴ S (7 )   86
1  (2)
(b) Let N be the number of terms that must be taken.
a(1  R n )
∵ a  2, R  2 and S ( N )   342
1 R
2[1  (2) n ]
∴ 342 
1  ( 2)
2[1  (2) n ]
342 
3
513  1  (2) n
( 2) n  512
( 2) n  (2)9
n9
∴ 9 terms of the geometric series must be taken.
21. Find the sum to infinity of the following geometric series.

求下列等比級數的無限項之和。
1
(a) 4+2+1+ + ...
2
1
(b) 9 – 3 + 1 – + ...
3
2 1
(a) ∵ a  4 and R  
4 2
4
∴ S ( )  1
1
2
8
3 1
(b) ∵ a  9 and R  
9 3
9
∴ S ( ) 
1
1
3
27

4
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Question Bank
22. In 15 years’ time, Mr. So would like to save $1 500 000 for his retirement. If he deposits a fixed amount
of money at the beginning of each year at a fixed interest rate of 6% p.a., compounded yearly, how much
should he deposit at the beginning of the year?
(Give your answer correct to the nearest $10.)
蘇先生打算在 15 年內儲蓄$1 500 000 作退休之用。若他在每年年初把一筆固定的款項存入銀行，年
利率為 6 %，且每年計算複利息一次，問他每年年初應把多少款項存入銀行？
(答案須準確至最接近的$10。)
Let $x be the amount of money required to deposit at the beginning of each year.
Total amount of deposit together with the compound interest in 15 years’ time
 $[x(1.06)15  x(1.06)14   x(1.06)]
∴ 1500 000  x(1.06)  x(1.06)   x(1.06)

15 14
1500 000  x(1.06)    x(1.06)14  x(1.06)15

x(1.06)[(1.06)15  1]
1500 000 
1.06  1
1500 000 (1.06  1)
x
1.06[(1.06)15  1]
 60 800 (cor. to the nearest ten)
∴ Mr. So should deposit $60 800 at the beginning of each year.
23. Express the following recurring decimals as fractions.

把下列各循環小數化為分數。
(a) 0.4
(b) 0.37 5
(c) 4.1 25
(a) 0.4  0.4444
 0.4  0.04  0.004  0.0004 
0.4

1  0.1
4

9
(b) 0.37 5  0.3  0.075  0.00075 0.000 007 5

 0.3  0.075  0.00075 0.000 007 5  
0.075
 0.3 
1  0.01
62

165
(c) 4.1 25  4.125 125 125

 4  0.125  0.000 125  0.000 000 125
0.125
 4
1  0.001
125
4
999
90
and their Summation
24. In the figure, A1 B1C1 D1 is a square of side 8 cm. A second square A2 B2 C 2 D2 is formed by joining
the mid-points of the sides of A1 B1C1 D1 and this process is continued to form an infinite number of
squares.
(a) Find
(i) the perimeters,
(ii) the areas
of A1 B1C1 D1 and A2 B2 C 2 D2 .
(b) Find the sum of
(i) the perimeters,
(ii) the areas
of all the squares formed (i.e. A1 B1C1 D1 , A2 B2 C 2 D2 , A3 B3 C3 D3 , ).
在圖中，A1B1C1D1 是一個邊長為 8 cm 的正方形。連接 A1B1C1D1 各邊的中點後形成了第二個正方形
A2B2C2D2。在不斷重複這個過程下，會形成無限多個正方形。
(a) 求 A1B1C1D1 和 A2B2C2D2 的
(i) 周界；
(ii) 面積。
(b) 求所有正方形 (即 A1B1C1D1、A2B2C2D2、A3B3C3D3、...) 的
(i) 周界之和；
(ii) 面積之和。
(a)(i) Perimeter of A1B1C1D  4  8 cm  32 cm
In △ A2 B1B2 ,
A2 B2  ( A2 B1 ) 2  ( B1B2 ) 2 (P yth.theorem)
 42  42 cm
 4 2 cm
Perimeter of A1B1C1D2  4  4 2 cm  16 2 cm
(ii) Area of A1B1C1D  82 cm  64 cm2
Area of A1B1C1D2  (4 2 )2 cm2  32 cm
2
(b)(i) The perimeters of the squares A1B1C1D1, A2 B2C2 D2 , are in geometric sequence with common ratio .
2
91
Question Bank
∴ Sum of perimeters  (32  16 2  ) cm

32
 cm
2
1
2
2
 32  cm
2 2
2(2  2 )
 32  cm
42
 32(2  2 ) cm
1
(ii) The areas of the squares A1 , B1C1D1 , A2 B2C2 D2 , are in geometric sequences with common ratio .
2
Sum of areas  (64  32  ) cm 2

64
 cm 2
1
1
2
 128 cm 2
25. How many positive terms are there in the arithmetic sequence 178,175,172, ?
問等差數列 178, 175, 172, ... 有多少個正數項？
Let a and d be the first term and the common difference respectively.
∵ a  178 and d  175 178  3
∴ T (n)  178  (n  1)(3)

 181 3n
Let kth term is the last positive term of the sequence.

∴ T (k )  0
181 3k  0
1
k  60
3
∴ k  60
There are 60 positive terms in the sequence.
26. (a) Find the sum of the terms of the arithmetic series 59  54  49    4 .
(b) What is the maximum number of terms of the arithmetic series 59  54  49   that can give a
positive sum?
(a) 求等差級數 59 + 54 + 49 + ... + 4 各項之和。
(b) 對於等差級數 59 + 54 + 49 + ...，問最多可取多少項，使級數之和仍是正數？
a  59, d  54  59  5,   T (n)  4
and T (n)  a  (n  1)d
92
and their Summation
∴ 4  59  (n  1)(5)
 55  (5)(n  1)
n  1  11
n  12
12
∴ S (12)  [2(59)  (12  1)(5)]
2
 378
(b) Let N be the maximum number of terms for the given series to have a positive sum.
The sum of the series to N terms is given by:
N
S(N )  [(2(59)  ( N  1)(5)]
2
N
 (123  5 N )
2
∴ S(N )  0
N
(123  5 N )  0
2
123  5 N  0
3
N  24
5
∴ Maximum number of terms  24
27. It is given that the first term of a geometric sequence is 270 and its common ratio is positive. If
T (3) : T (7)  3 : 5 , find T (13) .
已知一個等比數列的首項是 270，而公比是一個正數。若 T(3) : T(7) = 3 : 5，求 T(13)。
Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence.
∴ T (3)  270R2 and T (7)  270R6
∵ T (3) : T (7)  3 : 5
T (3) 3
∴ 
T (7 ) 5
270R 2 3

270R 5 5
5
R4 
3
T (13)  270R1 2
 270( R 4 )3
3
5
 270 
3
 1250
93
Question Bank
28. If p and q are the two geometric means between 2 and 50, find the value of log p  log q .
若 p 和 q 是 2 與 50 之間的兩個等比中項，求 log p + log q 的值。
Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to be formed.

2,2R,2R2 ,50
∴ pq  (2 R )(2 R )
2
 2( 2 R 3 )
 2(50)
 100
∴ log p  logq  log(pq)
 log100
2
a b
29. If x is the geometric mean between and , find the common ratio of the geometric sequence
b a
formed.
a b
若x是與的等比中項，求所形成的等比數列的公比。
b a
Let R be the common ratio of te geometric sequence to be formed.
a a b
The geometric sequence formed is: , R,
b b a
a 2 b
∴ R 
b a
b2
R2  2
a
b b
R or
a a
b b
∴ The common ratio is  or .
a a
30. A student is asked to find the sum to infinity of the geometric series
3 3 3 3
63      , but he just adds up the first 6 terms to find the answer. Find the percentage
2 4 8 16
error in his answer.
3 3 3 3
某學生需要求出 6 + 3 + + + + + ...的無限項之和，但他只把該級數的首 6 項加起來作為答案。
2 4 8 16
求他的答案的百分誤差。
3 1
∵ a  6, R   ,n  6
6 2
94
and their Summation
  1 6 
61    
  2   189
∴ S (6)   
1 16
1
2
6
S ( )   12
1
1
2
189
12 
Pecentageerror  16  100%  1.5625%
12
31. It is given that the sum of the first 3 terms and the sum of the first 6 terms of a geometric series are 6
and 42 respectively. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the series.
已知一個等比級數首 3 項之和是 6，而首 6 項之和是–42。求該級數首 10 項之和。
Let a and R be the first term and common ratio respectively.
∵ S (3)  6 and S (6)  42
a(1  R 3 )
∴ 6  (1)
(1  R)
a(1  R 6 )
 42  (2)
(1  R)
(2) ÷ (1),
1  R6
 7
1  R3
(1  R )(1  R 3 )
3
 7
1  R3
1  R3  7
R  2
By substituting R  2 into (1), we have
a[1  (2)3 ]
6
1  (2)
9a
6
3
a2
2[1  ( 2)1 0 ]
∴ S (10) 
1  (2)
2( 1023)

3
  682
31. In the figure, C1 is a circle with centre O1 inscribed in the square PQRS of side 4 cm; C 2 is a circle
with centre O2 which touches C1 externally and touches two sides of the square. C 3 is a circle with
centre O3 which touches C 2 externally and touches two sides of the square. Following the pattern, an
infinite number of circles C 4 , C5 , C6 , with centres O4 , O5 , O6 , are formed. Let ri be the radius of
the circle C i where i  1,2,3,4,
95
Question Bank
在圖中，C1 是一個圓心為 O1 的圓，它內切於一個邊長 4 cm 的正方形 PQRS；C2 是一個以 O2 為圓

心的圓，它與 C1 外切，且與正方形的兩邊相切；C3 是一個以 O3 為圓心的圓，它與 C2 外切，且與正
方形的兩邊相切。在不斷重複這個過程下，形成了無限個圓 C4，C5，C6，...，它們的圓心分別為 O4，
O5，O6，...。設圓 Ci 的半徑為 ri，其中 i= 1，2，3，4，...。
(a) (i) Find r1 and r2

r2
(ii) Hence, find the ratio .
r1
(b) Find the sum of the areas of all the circles formed (i.e. C1 , C 2 , C3 , C 4 , ).
(Give your answer correct to 4 significant figures.)

(a) (i) 求 r1 和 r2。
r2
(ii) 由此，求這個比。
r1
(b) 求所有圓 (即圓 C1、C2、C3、C4、...) 的面積之和。
(答案須準確至四位有效數字。)
SR
(a)(i) r1   2 cm
2
In △ O1MN ,
O1M  r1  r2 ,
O1 N  r1  r2 ,
MN  r1  r2
O1M 2  O1 N 2  MN 2 (P yth.theorem)
(r1  r2 ) 2  2(r1  r2 ) 2
r1  2r1r2  r2  2r1  4r1r2  2r2
2 2 2 2
6r1r2  r1  r2
2 2
12r3  4  r2
2
r2  12r3  4  0
2
12  122  4(1)(4) 12  122  4(1)(4)

r2  or (rejected)
2 2
r2  2(3  2 2 ) cm
96
and their Summation
r2 2(3  2 2 )
(ii)   32 2
r1 2
(b) The areas of circles are in geometric sequence with common ratio (3  2 2 )2 .
Sum of the areas of all circles
 (2)2
 cm 2
1  (3  2 2 ) 2
 12.95 cm 2 (cor. to 4 sig.fig.)
97
Question Bank
Pre-requisite Questions
預備測驗
1. If f ( x)  x 2  2 x  1, find the values of the function when

若 f ( x)  x 2  2 x  1，求在下列各情況中 f(x) 的值。
(a) x  3 ,
(b) x2.
. (a) ∵ f ( x)  x 2  2 x  1
∴ f (3)  (3)  2(3)  1

2
 9  6 1
 14
(b) f (2)  22  2(2)  1

 4  4 1
 1
2. If h( x)  ( x  k )(2 x  3) and h(2)  3 , find the values of

若 h( x)  ( x  k )(2 x  3) 及 h(2)  3 ，求下列各題的值。
(a) k,
(b) h(5) .
(a) ∵ h(2)  3
∴ (2  k )[2(2)  3]  3
k  2  3
k  5
(b) ∵ h( x)  ( x  5)(2 x  3)
∴ h(5)  (5  5)[2(5)  3]

 (10)(13)
 130
t
3. If g (t )  , find the values of the function when
1 t2
t
若 g (t )  ，求在下列各情況中 g(t) 的值。
1 t2
(a) t 2,
1
(b) t .
2
t
(a) ∵ g (t ) 
1 t2
98
and their Summation
2
∴ g ( 2) 
1  22
2

5
1
1 2
(b) g   2
2 1
1  
2
1
 2
1
1
4
2

5
4. If f ( x)  2 x  3 and g ( x)  3x 2  1 , find the values of

若 f ( x)  2 x  3 及 g ( x)  3x 2  1 ，求下列各題的值。
(a) f (0)  g (1)
(b) 3 f (4)  g (1)
(a) f (0)  2(0)  3  3
g (1)  3(1)2  1  4
f (0)  g (1)  (3)(4)  12
(b) f (4)  2(4)  3  5
g (1)  3(1)2  1  4
3 f (4)  g (1)  3(5)  4  11
5 If f ( x)  sin x and g ( x)  cos x , find the values of

若 f ( x)  sin x 及 g ( x)  cos x ，求下列各題的值。
(a) g (30)  f (45)
[ f (30)]2
(b)
g (60)
3
(a) g (30)  cos30 
2
2
f (45)  sin 45 
2
3 2
g (30)  f (45)  
2 2
3 2

2
99
Question Bank
 f (30)]2 (sin30) 2
(b) 
g (60) cos 60
2
1
 
 
2
1
 
2
1

2
6. It is given that h( x)  x 2  3x  1 . If g ( x)  h( x  2) , write down the symbolic representation of

g (x) .
已知 h( x)  x 2  3x  1 。若 g ( x)  h( x  2) ，試以符號形式表示 g(x)。
g ( x)  h( x  2)
 ( x  2) 2  3( x  2)  1
 x 2  4 x  4  3x  6  1
 x2  x  1
7. If f (t )  2t 2  mt  9 and f (3)  0 , find the values of

若 f (t )  2t 2  mt  9 及 f (3)  0 ，求下列各題的值。
(a) m,
(b) f (1) .
(a) ∵ f (3)  0
∴ 2(3)  m(3)  9  0
2
18  3m  9  0
m  9
(b) ∵ f ( x)  2t 2  9t  9
∴ f (1)  2(1) 2  9(1)  9

2
8. It is given that f ( x)  a( x  3)  b . If f (0)  1 and f (1)  0 , find the values of a and b.

已知 f ( x)  a( x  3)  b 。若 f(0) = 1 及 f(1) = 0，求 a 和 b 的值。
∵ f (0)  1
∴ a(0  3)  b  1
 3a  b  1 (1)
∵ f (1)  0
∴ a(1  3)  b  0
 2a  b  0 (2)
(1) – (2),
100
and their Summation
3a  b  (2a  b)  1  0
a  1
By substituting a  1 into (1), we have
3(1)  b  1
b  2
9. It is given that h( x)  ( x  1)(x  2)  kx and h(k )  3k .

已知 h( x)  ( x  1)(x  2)  kx 及 h(k )  3k 。
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Solve for x if h( x)  2 x .
(a) ∵ h(k )  3k
∴ (k  1)(k  2)  k (k )  3k
k 2  k  2  k 2  3k
 2k  2
k  1
(b) ∵ h( x)  2 x
∴ ( x  1)( x  2)  x  2 x
x2  x  2  x  2x
x2  2  0
x2  2
x  2 or  2
10. It is given that H (s)  s 2  2s . If V (s)  H (2s  1) , write down the symbolic representation of
V (s) .
已知 H (s)  s 2  2s 。若 V (s)  H (2s  1) ，試以符號形式表示 V(s)。
V ( s )  H (2s  1)
 (2s  1) 2  2(2s  1)
 4s 2  4s  1  4s  2
 4s 2  1
11. If s(t )  (t  4) 2  2(t  5) , find s(2t  3) .

若 s(t )  (t  4) 2  2(t  5) ，求 s(2t  3) 的值。
s(2t  3)  [(2t  3)  4]2  2[(2t  3)  5]
 (2t  7) 2  2(2t  2)
 4t 2  28t  49  4t  4
 4t 2  24t  53
12. If f ( x)  3x  1 and g ( x)  2 x  5 , find

若 f ( x)  3x  1 及 g ( x)  2 x  5 ，求
(a) f ( x )  g ( x) ,
101
Question Bank
(b) [ f ( x)  g ( x)]2  g ( x) .
(a) f ( x)  g ( x)  3x  1  (2 x  5)
 3x  2 x  1  5
 x4
(b) [ f ( x)  g ( x)]2  g ( x)
 ( x  4) 2  (2 x  5)
 x 2  8 x  16  2 x  5
 x 2  10x  11
102
and their Summation
Level 1 Questions
程度 1 題目
1. Consider the sequence:

1 1 1 1
, , , ,
2 3 4 5
(a) Write down the next two terms of the sequence.
(b) Determine the general term T (n) of the sequence.
(c) Find the 9th term and 10th term of the sequence.
考慮以下的數列:
1 1 1 1
, , , ,
2 3 4 5
(a) 寫出接著的兩項。
(b) 寫出通項 T(n)。
(c) 求該數列的第 9 項和第 10 項。
1 1
(a) The next two terms are and .
6 7
1 1
(b) ∵ T (1)  
2 11
1 1
T (2)  
3 2 1
1 1
T (3)  
4 3 1
1
∴ T ( n) 
n 1
1
(c) ∵ T ( n) 
n 1
1 1
∴ T (9)  
9  1 10
1 1
and T (10)  
10  1 11
1 1
∴ The 9th term and the 10th term of the sequence are and respectively.
10 11
103
Question Bank

3 4 5
2, , , ,
4 9 16
(a) Determine the general term T (n) of the sequence,
(b) Find the 6th term and 7th term of the sequence.
3 4 5
2, , , ,
4 9 16
(a) 寫出通項 T(n);
(b) 求第 6 項和第 7 項。
n 1
(a) ∵ T (1)  2 
12
3 2 1
T (2)   2
4 2
4 3 1
T (3)   2
9 3
n 1
∴ T ( n) 
n2
n 1
(b) ∵ T ( n) 
n2
6 1 7 7 1 8
∴ T (6)   and T (7)  2 
62 36 7 49
7 8
∴ The 6th term and the 7th term are and respectively.
36 49

1,4,9,16,25,
(a) Write down the next two terms of the sequence.
(b) Determine the general term T (n) of the sequence.
(c) Find the 7th term and 9th term of the sequence.
1,4,9,16,25,
(a) 寫出接著的兩項。
(b) 寫出通項 T(n)。
(c) 求該數列的第 7 項和第 9 項。
(a) The next two terms are 36 and 49.
104
and their Summation
(b) ∵ T (1)  1  12
T (2)  4  22
T (3)  9  32
∴ T ( n)  n 2
(c) ∵ T (n)  n2
∴ T (7)  72  49 and T (9)  92  81

∴ The 7th term and the 9th term of the sequence are 49 and 81 respectively.
4. Consider the following sequence:

2,6,12,20, .
2,6,12,20, .
(b) 求第 7 項和第 10 項。
(a) ∵ T (1)  2  1 2
T (2)  6  2  3
T (3)  12  3  4
∴ T (n)  n(n  1)
(b) ∵ T (n)  n(n  1)
∴ T (7)  7(7  1)  56
and T (10)  10(10  1)  110
∴ The 7th term and the 10th term are 56 and 110 respectively.

0, log 3, log 9, log 27, .
(a) Determine the general term T (n) of the sequence,
(b) Find the 6th term and 7th term of the sequence.
0, log 3, log 9, log 27, .
(b) 求第 6 項和第 7 項。
(a) ∵ T (1)  0  (1  1) log3
T (2)  log3  (2  1) log3
T (3)  log9  log32  2 log3  (3  1) log3
∴ T (n)  (n  1) log3
105
Question Bank
(b) ∵ T (n)  (n  1) log3
∴ T (6)  (6  1) log3
 5 log3
 log35
 log243
T (7)  (7  1) log3
 6 log3
 log36
 log729
∴ The 6th term and 7th term are log 23 and
log 729 respectively.
(P01C14L03Q006)
6. It is given that the first term and the common difference of an arithmetic sequence are 3 and 4
respectively. Find
(a) the general term T (n) of the sequence,
(b) the 6th term and the 36th term of the sequence.
已知一個等差數列的首項是 3 而公差是–4。求
(a) 通項 T(n);
(b) 第 6 項和第 36 項。
(a) ∵ a  3, d  4 and T (n)  a  (n  1)d
∴ T (n)  3  (n  1)(4)
 3  4n  4
 7  4n
(b) ∵ T (n)  7  4n
∴ T (6)  7  4(6)  17

T (36)  7  4(36)  137
∴ The 6th term and the 36th term are 17 and 137 respectively.
7. Consider the arithmetic sequence:

5,13,21,29,
(a) Find the general term of the sequence.
(b) If the kth term of the sequence is 101, find k.
考慮下列的等差數列:
5,13,21,29,
(a) 求該數列的通項。
106
and their Summation
(b) 若該數列的第 k 項是 101，求 k 的值。

(a) Let a and d be the first term and the common difference respectively.
∵ a  5 and d  13  5  8
∴ T (n)  5  (n  1)(8)
 5  8n  8
 8n  3
(b) ∵ T (k )  8k  3
∴ 8k  3  101
8k  104
k  13
8. It is given that the first term and the common difference of an arithmetic sequence are 5 and 
respectively. Find
已知一個等差數列的首項是–5 而公差是 4。求
(a) 通項 T(n);
(b) 第 5 項和第 20 項。
(a) ∵ a  5, d  4 and T (n)  a  (n  1)d
∴ T (n)  5  (n  1)(4)
 5  4n  4
 4n  9
(b) ∵ T (n)  4n  9
∴ T (5)  4(5)  9  21
T (20)  4(20)  9  71
∴ The 5th term and the 20 term are 21 and 71 respectively.
9. It is given that the first term and the common difference of an arithmetic sequence are 15 and 3
respectively. Find
(b) the 6th term and the 33rd term of the sequence.
已知一個等差數列的首項是 15 而公差是–3。求
(a) 通項 T(n);
(b) 第 6 項和第 33 項。
(a) ∵ a  15, d  3 and T (n)  a  (n  1)d
107
Question Bank
∴ T (n)  15  (n  1)(3)
 15  3n  3
 18  3n
(b) ∵ T (n)  18  3n
∴ T (6)  18  3(6)  0
T (33)  18  3(33)  81
∴ The 6th term and the 33rd term are 0 and 81 respectively.
10. Consider the arithmetic sequence:

 39,31,23,15,
(b) If the kth term of the sequence is 25, find k.
考慮下列的等差數列:
 39,31,23,15,
(b) 若該數列的第 k 項是 25，求 k 的值。
∵ a  39 and d  31 (39)  8
∴ T (n)  39  (n  1)(8)

 39  8n  8
 8n  47
(b) ∵ T (k )  8k  47
∴ 8k  47  25
8k  72
k 9
11. For a arithmetic sequence, it is given that T (11)  35 and T (18)  56 , find
(a) the general term of the sequence,
(b) the third term of the sequence.
在一個等差數列中，已知 T(11) = 35 及 T(18) = 56，求該數列的
(a) 通項;
(b) 第三項。
T (11)  a  10d  35 (1)

T (18)  a  17d  56 (2)
(2) – (1), 7 d  21
d 3
108
and their Summation
a  10(3)  35
a5
T (n)  5  (n  1)(3)
 5  3n  3
 3n  2
(b) ∵ T (n)  3n  2
∴ T (3)  3(3)  2  11
12. Find the number of terms in each of the following arithmetic sequences.
求以下各等差數列的項數。
(a) 108,101,94,,25
(b) 33,37,41,,373
∵ a  108 and d  101 108  7
∴ T (n)  108  (n  1)(7)

 108  7n  7
 115  7n
Let 25 be the kth term.

∴ T (k )  25
115  7 k  25
7 k  140
k  20
(b) Let a and d be the first term and the common difference respectively.
∵ a  33 and d  37  33  4
∴ T (n)  33  (n  1)(4)
 33  4n  4
 4n  29

∴ T (k )  373
4k  29  373
4k  344
k  86
13. For an arithmetic sequence, it is given that T (2)  8 and T (5)  23 , find the general term of the
sequence.
在一個等差數列中，已知 T(2) = 8 及 T(5) = 23，求該數列的通項。
Let a and d be the first term and the common difference respectively.
109
Question Bank
T (2)  a  d  8 (1)
T (5)  a  4d  23 (2)
(2) – (1), 3d  15
d 5
a5 8
a3
T (n)  3  (n  1)(5)
 3  5n  5
 5n  2
14. If the arithmetic mean between 9 and p is 16, find the value of p.
若 9 與 p 的等差中項是 16，求 p 的值。
∵ The arithmetic mean between 9 and p is 16.
9 p
∴  16
2
9  p  32
p  23
15. If x  1,3x  2,2 x  4 are in arithmetic sequence, find the value of x.

若 x  1,3x  2,2 x  4 是一個等差數列，求 x 的值。
∵ x  1,3x  2,2 x  4 are in arithmetic sequence.
∴ ( x  1)  (2 x  4)  2(3x  2)
3x  5  6 x  4
3x  9
x3
16. Given two numbers 8 and 50.

(a) insert two arithmetic means between these two numbers,
(b) insert six arithmetic means between these two numbers.
. 在 8 與 50 兩個數之間插入
(a) 兩個等差中項;
(b) 六個等差中項。
8,8  d ,8  2d ,50
∴ 8  3d  50
3d  42
d  14
∴ The two required arithmetic means are 22 and 36.
110
and their Summation

8,8  d ,8  2d ,8  3d ,8  4d ,8  5d ,8  6d ,50
∴ 8  7 d  50
7 d  42
d 6
∴ The six required arithmetic means are:
17. Given two numbers 84 and 14,

(a) insert four arithmetic means between these two numbers,
(b) insert six arithmetic means between these two numbers.
在–84 與–14 兩個數之間插入
(a) 四個等差中項;
(b) 六個等差中項。
84,84  d ,84  2d ,84  3d ,84  4d ,14
∴ 84  5d  14
5d  70
d  14
∴ The four required arithmetic means are:
70,56,42,28

∴ 84  7 d  14
84,84  d ,84  2d ,84  3d ,84  4d ,84  5d ,84  6d  14 7 d  70
d  10
∴ The six required arithmetic means are:
2
18. It is given that the first term and the common ratio of a geometric sequence are 2 and respectively.
3
Find
(b) the 3rd term and the 5th term of the sequence.
2
已知一個等比數列的首項是 2 而公比是。求該數列的
3
(a) 通項 T(n);
(b) 第 3 項和第 5 項。
111
Question Bank
2
(a) ∵ a  2, R  and T (n)  aRn 1
3
n 1
2 2n
∴ T (n)  2  (or )
3 3n 1
n 1
2
(b) ∵ T (n)  2 
3
3 1
2
∴ T (3)  2 
3
8

9
5 1
2
T (5)  2 
3
32

81
19. If 4, p, q, r ,16 are in arithmetic sequence, find the values of p, q and r.

若 4, p, q, r ,16 是一個等差數列，求 p、q 和 r 的值。
Let d be the common difference.

4,4  d ,4  2d ,4  3d ,16
∴ 4  4d  16
4d  12
d 3
∴ p  43  7
q  4  2(3)  10
r  4  3(3)  13
3 1
20. It is given that the first term and the common ratio of a geometric sequence are and 
4 3
respectively. Find
3 1
已知一個等比數列的首項是而公比是  。求該數列的
4 3
(a) 通項 T(n);
(b) 第 4 項和第 5 項。
112
and their Summation
3 1
(a) ∵ a , R   and T (n)  aRn 1
4 3
n 1
3 1
T ( n)   
4 3
n 1
3 1
(b) ∵ T ( n)   
4 3
4 1
3 1
∴ T ( 4)   
4 3
3 1 
  
4  27 
1

36
4
3 1
T (5)   
4 3
3 1 
  
4  81 
1

108
1 1
∴ The 4th term and the 5th term are  and respectively
36 108
21. It is given that the first term and the common ratio of a geometric sequence are 8 and 2 respectively.
Find
已知一個等比數列的首項是 8 而公比是 2。求該數列的
(a) 通項 T(n);
(b) 第 4 項和第 7 項。
(a) ∵ a  8, R  2 and T (n)  aRn 1
∴ T (n)  8(2)n 1  23 (2)n 1  2n  2
(b) ∵ T (n)  2n  2
∴ T (4)  2  64
4 2
T (7)  27  2  512
∴ The 4th term and the 7th term are 64 and 512 respectively.
22. It is given that the first term and the common ratio of a geometric sequence are 5 and –3 respectively.
(b) If T(k) = –135, find the value of k.
已知一個等比數列的首項是 5 而公比是–3。求該數列的
113
Question Bank
(a) 通項 T(n);
(b) 若 T(k) = –135，求 k 的值。
(a) ∵ a  5, R  3 and T (n)  aRn 1
∴ T (n)  5(3)n 1
(b) T (k )  135
5( 3) k 1  135
( 3) k 1  27
( 3) k 1  (3)3
k 1  3
k4
1 9
23. For a geometric sequence, it is given that T (3)  and T (6)  . Find
6 16
(a) the first term and the common ratio,
1 9
在一個等比數列中，已知 T (3)  及 T (6)  。求
6 16
(a) 首項和公比;
(b) 該數列的通項。
(a) Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio respectively.
1
T (3)  aR2   (1)
6
9
T (6)  aR5   (2)
16
27
(2)÷(1), R 3 
8
3
R
2
3
By substituting R  into (1), we have
2
2
3 1
a  
2 6
1 4
a 
6 9
2

27
2 3
(b) ∵ a ,R 
27 2
114
and their Summation
n 1
2 3
∴ T ( n)   
27  2 
n 1
2 3
  
33  2 
3n  4

2n  2
24. Find the number of terms in each of the following geometric sequences.
. 求以下各等比數列的項數。
(a) 3,6,12,,768
1 3 9 729
(b) , , ,  ,
5 20 80 20480
6
∵ a  3, R   2 and T (n)  aRn 1
3
∴ T (n)  3(2)n 1

3( 2) k 1  768
2k 1  256
2k 1  28
k 1  8
k 9
(b) Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio respectively.
1 3 3
∵ a ,R   5  
5 20 4

n 1
1 3
∴ T ( n)   
5 4
729
Let be the kth term.
20480
k 1
1 3 729
  
5 4 20480
k 1
 3 729
  
 4 4096
k 1 6
 3  3
    
 4   4
k 1  6
k 7
115
Question Bank
25 Consider the geometric sequence,

9 27 81
6, , , ,
2 8 32
(b) Find the 8th term of the sequence.
. 考慮以下的等比數列:
9 27 81
6, , , ,
2 8 32
(b) 求該數列的第 8 項。
(a) Let R be the common ratio.
9 1 3
R  
2 6 4
n 1
 3
∴ T (n)  6  
 4
n 1
 3
(b) ∵ T (n)  6  
 4
7
 3 6561
∴ T (8)  6   
 4 8192
26 For a geometric sequence with positive common ratio, it is given that T (4)  5 and T (6)  245 .
Find
(a) the first term and the common ratio,
(b) the general term of the sequence,
T (5)  T (4)
(c) the value of .
T (3)
在一個公比為正數的等比數列中，已知 T(4) = 5 及 T(6) = 245。求
(a) 首項和公比;
(b) 該數列的通項;
T (5)  T (4)
(c) 的值。
T (3)
T (4)  aR3  5 (1)

T (6)  aR5  245(2)
(2) ÷ (1), R  49
2
R  7 or  7 (rejected)
By substituting R  7 into (1), we have
116
and their Summation
a (7 ) 3  5
5
a
343
5
(b) ∵ a , R  7 and T (n)  aRn 1
343
5
∴ T ( n)  (7) n 1
343
5
 3 (7) n 1
7
 5(7) n  4
(c) T (3)  5(7)3 4  5(7)1
T (4)  5(7) 4  4  5
T (5)  5(7)5  4  5(7)
T (5)  T (4) 5(7)  5


T (3) 5(7) 1
7 1
 1
7
 42
27. It is given that the first term of a geometric sequence is 102 and its common ratio is positive. If
T (6) : T (11)  3 : 2 , find T (11) .
已知一個公比為正數的等比數列的首項是 102。若 T (6) : T (11)  3 : 2 ，求 T(11)。
Let R be the common ratio of the sequence.
∴ T (6)  102R 5
T (11)  102R10
∵ T (6) : T (11)  3 : 2
T ( 6) 3
∴ 
T (11) 2
102R 5 3

102R1 0 2
1 3

R5 2
2
R5 
3
T (11)  102R1 0
 102( R 5 ) 2
2
2
 102 
3
136

3
117
Question Bank
1
28. If 27, a, b, are in geometric sequence, find the values of a and b.
27
1
. 若 27, a, b, 是一個等比數列，求 a 和 b 的值。
27
1
∵ 27, a, b, are in geometric sequence
27
∴ a  27b  (1)
2
a
 b 2  (2)
27
a3
(1) × (2),  27b 3
27
a 3  272 b 3
a 3  (32 b)3
a  9b
By substituting a  9b into (1), we have
(9b) 2  27b
81b  27b  0
2
27b(3b  1)  0
1
b or 0 (rejected)
3
1
By substituting b  into a  9b , we have
3
1
a  9   3
 3
x 1
29. If the geometric mean between and 3x  2 is x, find the values of x.
2
x 1
若 x 是與 3x + 2 的等比中項，求 x 的值。
2
x 1
∵ The geometric mean between and 3x  2 is x.
2
 x 1
∴  2 (3 x  2)  x
2
 
( x  1)(3 x  2)  2 x 2
3x 2  x  2  2 x 2
x2  x  2  0
( x  2)( x  1)  0
x  2 or 1
30 If 2 x  1, x, x  2 are in geometric sequence, find the values of x

(Leave your answer in surd form).
118
and their Summation
若 2 x  1, x, x  2 是一個等比數列，求 x 的值。 ( 答案以根式表示。)

∵ 2 x  1, x, x  2 are in geometric sequence.
∴ (2 x  1)( x  2)  x 2
2 x2  5x  2  x2
x2  5x  2  0
5  52  4(1)(2) 5  52  4(1)(2)
x or
2 2
5  17 5  17
 or
2 2
31. Insert three geometric means between 1875 and 48.

在 1875 與 48 之間插入三個等比中項。
Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to be formed

1875,1875R,1875R2 ,1875R3 ,48
1875R 4  48
16
R4 
625
2 2
R  or 
5 5
2
When R  , the three required geometric means are
5
750,300,120 .
2
When R   , the three required geometric means are
5
750,300,120 .
2
32. Insert four geometric means between 6 and  .
81
2
在 6 與 之間插入四個等比中項。
81
Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to be formed
2
6,6 R,6 R 2 ,6R 3 ,6 R 4 ,
81
2
∴ 6R  
5
81
1
R5  
243
1
R
3
119
Question Bank
The four required geometric means are:
2 2 2
 2, , ,
3 9 27
33. Find the sum of the first 16 terms of an arithmetic series if its second term is 8 and the 8th term is 40.
若一個等差級數的第二項是–8 而第 8 項是 40，求該等差級數首 16 項之和。.
Let a and d be the first term and the common difference of the arithmetic series.
a  d  8 (1)
a  7d  40 (2)
(2) – (1), 6d  48
d 8
a  8  8
a  16
16
∴ S (16)  [2(16)  (16  1)(8)]
2
 704
34. Find the sum of the first 15 terms of an arithmetic series if its first term is 4 and the 15th term is 26.
若一個等差級數的首項是 4 而第 15 項是 26，求該等差級數首 15 項之和。
∵ a  4,   26, n  15
15(4  26)
∴ S (15) 
2
 225
35. Find the sum of the first 16 terms of an arithmetic series if its third term is 28 and the common
difference is  9 .
若一個等差級數的第三項是 28 而公差是–9，求該等差級數首 16 項之和。
Let a be the first term of the series
∵ d  9
∴ a  2(9)  28
a  46
16
∴ S (16)  [2(46)  (16  1)(9)]
2
  344
36. Find the sum of the 29 arithmetic means between 30 and 90.
求在–30 與 90 之間的 29 個等差中項之和。
120
and their Summation
Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic sequence formed.
30  30d  90
30d  120
d 4
The first arithmetic mean added  30  4  26
29
Sum of arithmeticmeans  [2(26)  (29  1)(4)]
2
 870
37. (a) Find the sum of the integers between 1 and 150 inclusive.
(b) Find the sum of the integers between 1 and 150 that are multiples of 7.
(c) Find the sum of the integers between 1 and 150 that are not multiples of 7.
(a) 求在 1 與 150 之間(包括 1 和 150)所有整數之和。
(b) 在 1 與 150 之間所有 7 的倍數之和。
(c) 求在 1 與 150 之間(包括 1 和 150)所有不能被 7 整除的整數之和。
(a) ∵ There are 150 terms in 1  2    150
∴ Sum of integers between 1 and 150
150
 (1  150)
2
 11325
(b) The smallest multiple of 7 between 1 and 150

 1 7  7
The largest multiple of 7 between 1 and 150

 21 7  147
∴ There are 21 multiples of 7 between 1 and 150.
Sum of multiples of 7 between 1 and 150

21
 (7  147)
2
 1617
(c) Required sum  11325 1617  9708
38. Consider the arithmetic series  123  134  145    343.

(a) Find the number of terms of the series.
(b) Find the sum of the series.
考慮等差級數  123  134  145    343 。
(a) 求該級數的項數。
(b) 求該級數之和。
(a) Let d be the common difference of the series and n be the number of terms of the series.
121
Question Bank
∵ d  134  (123)  11

∴ 123  (n  1)(11)  343
 11(n  1)  220
n  1  20
n  21
∴ There are 21 terms in the series.
(b) ∵ a  123,   343, n  21
21
∴ S (21)  [123  (343)]
2
  4893
39. The sum of the first 8 terms of an arithmetic series is 212. If the 21st term is 23, find
(a) the first term and the common difference of the series
(b) the sum of the first 15 terms of the series.
已知一個等差級數首 8 項之和是 212。若第 21 項是–23，求
(a) 該級數的首項和公差;
(b) 該級數首 15 項之和。
(a) Let a and d be the first term and the common difference of the series.
S (8)  212
8
[2a  (8  1)d ]  212
2
2a  7d  53  (1)
T (21)  23
a  (21  1)d  23
a  20d  23 (2)
(1) – 2 × (2),
33d  99
d  3
By substituting d  3 into (2), we have
a  20(3)  23
a  37
∴ The first term and the common difference are 37 and 3 respectively.
(b) ∵ a  37, d  3, n  15

15
∴ S (15)  [2(37)  (15  1)(3)]
2
 240
122
and their Summation
1 1 1
40. Find the sum of the geometric series       243 .
81 27 9
1 1 1
. 求等比級數     ...  243 各項之和。
81 27 9
Let R and n be the common ratio and the number of terms of the geometric series.
1  1
R      3
27  81 
T (n)  243
1
 (3) n 1  243
81
(3) n 1  19683
(3) n 1  (3)9
n  10
1   1 
10
 1     
81   3   14762
∴ S (10)  
 1 1594323
1  
 3
41. Find the sum of the first 3 terms of a geometric series if its first term is 49 and the common ratio is
1
 .
7
1
若一個等比級數的首項是 49 而公比是  ，求該級數首 3 項之和。
7
1
∵ a  49, R   , n  3
7
  1 3 
491     
  7 
 
∴ S (3) 
 1
1  
 7
7  344 
 49   
8  343 
 43
42. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of a geometric series if its first term is 5 and the common ratio is 3.
. 若一個等比級數的首項是–5 而公比是 3，求該級數首 10 項之和。
∵ a  5, R  3, n  10
5(310  1)
∴ S (10)    147620
3 1
123
Question Bank
2
43. Find the sum of first 5 terms of a geometric series if its second term is 6 and the common ratio is .
3
2
若一個等比級數的第二項是 6 而公比是，求該級數首 5 項之和。
3
Let a be the first term.
T ( 2)  6
2
a   6
3
a9
  2 5 
91    
  3   211
∴ S (5)   
2 9
1
3
44. The sum of the first two terms of a geometric series is 8, and the sum from the 3rd term to 4th term is
8
. Find the first term and the common ratio of the series.
9
8
已知一個等比級數首兩項之和是 8，而第 3 項至第 4 項之和是。求該級數的首項和公比。
9
Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio respectively.
T (1)  T (2)  8
a  aR  8
a(1  R)  8  (1)
8
T (3)  T (4) 
9
8
aR2  aR3 
9
8
aR (1  R )   (2)
2
9
1
(2) ÷ (1), R 2 
9
1 1
R  or 
3 3
1
3
1
a(1  )  8
3
a6
1
By substituting R   into (1), we have
3
1
a (1  )  8
3
a  12
a  6 a  12
 
∴  1 or  1
 R   R
 3  3
124
and their Summation
1
45. Find the sum of the geometric series 8  4  2  ...  .
16
1
求等比級數 8  4  2  ...  各項之和。
16
Let R and n be the common ratio and the number of terms of the geometric series.
4 1
R 
8 2
1
T ( n) 
16
n 1
1 1
8  
2 16
n 1 7
1 1
   
2 2
n8
  1 8 
81    
  2   255
∴ S (8)   
1 16
1
2
46. Express the following recurring decimals as fractions.

把下列各循環小數化為分數。
(a) 0.5
(b) 0.01 6
(c) 2.2 25
(a) 0.5  0.5555
 0.5  0.05  0.005  0.0005 
0.5

1  0.1
5

9
(b) 0.01 6  0.016  0.000 16  0.000 001 6

0.016

1  0.01
8

495
(c) 2.2 25

 2  0.225  0.000 225  0.000 000 225  
0.225
 2
1  0.001
247

111
125
Question Bank
47. Find the least number of terms of the geometric series 6  18  54   that can give a sum greater
than 5000.
對於等比級數 6  18  54  ... ，問最少需要取多少項才可使級數之和大於 5000？
Let n be the number of terms required and R be the common ratio.
18
R 3
6
6(3n  1)
∵ S ( n)   3(3n  1)
3 1
3(3n  1)  5000
5000
3n  1
3
 5000 
n log3  log  1
 3 
 5000 
log  1
n  3 
log3
n  6.75 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
∴ At least 7 terms are needed.
48 Find the sum to infinity of the following geometric series.

求下列等比級數的無限項之和。
(a) 27  18  12  8  
(b) 64  16  4  1  
18 2
(a) ∵ a  27, R  
27 3
27
∴ S ( )   81
2
1
3
16 1
(b) ∵ a  64, R   
64 4
64 256
∴ S ( )  
 1 5
1  
 4
2 1
49. Given an geometric sequence 24,4, , , , find the sum of all the positive terms of the sequence.
3 9
2 1
對於等比數列 24,4, , ,... ，求該數列的所有正數項之和。
3 9
2 1
The positive terms of the sequence 24,4, , , form a geometric sequence.
3 9
126
and their Summation
2
Let R be the common ratio of the sequence 24, ,
3
2
1
∴ R 3 
24 36
1
∵ a  24, R 
36
24
Sum of all positiveterms 
1
1
36
864

35
50. Find the first term of an infinite geometric series if the second term is 8 and the sum to infinity is 32.
若一個無限等比級數的第 2 項是 8，而無限項之和是 32，求該無限等比級數的首項。
Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio respectively.
∵ T (2)  8
∴ aR  8 (1)
∵ S ()  32
a
∴  32 (2)
1 R
1
(1) ÷ (2), R (1  R ) 
4
1
R2  R  0
4
1
( R  )2  0
2
1
R
2
1
2
1
a( )  8
2
a  16
1
51 If the sum to infinity of a geometric series is 5 and the common ratio of the series is . Find
3
(a) the 5th term of the series,
(b) the sum of the first three terms of the series.
1
若一個等比級數的無限項之和是 5 而公比是。求該級數的
3
(a) 第 5 項;
(b) 首三項之和。
(a) Let a be the first term.
127
Question Bank
∵ S ( )  5
a
5
1
1
3
15
∴ a
2
4
15  1  5
∴ T (5)    
2  3 54
15 1
(b) ∵ a ,R  ,n  3
2 3
15   1  
3
1    
2   3   65
∴ S (3)  
1 6
1
3
128
and their Summation
Level 2 Questions
程度 2 題目
1. How many negative terms are there in the arithmetic sequence  203,198,193, ?
問等差數列  203,198,193,... 共有多少個負數項?
Common difference = –198 – (–203) = 5
∴ T (n)  203 (n  1)(5)

 5n  208
Suppose there are k negative terms in the sequence.

T (k )  0
5k  208  0
3
k  41
5
∴ There are 41 negative terms in the sequence.
2. It is given that 3, 12, p , are in arithmetic sequence. Find
(a) the value of p,

(b) the sixth term of the sequence.
已知 3, 12, p ,... 是一個等差數列。求
(a) p 的值;
(b) 該數列的第 6 項。
(a) ∵ 12  4  3  2 3
∴ Common difference  12  3
2 3 3
 3
∴ p  12  3
2 3 3
3 3
 27
∴ p  27
(b) T (6)  3  (6  1) 3
 3 5 3
 6 3 (or 108)
3. Given an arithmetic sequence 88,79,70, , if T (k ) is the first negative term, find the value of k.
已知一個等差數列 88,79,70,... 。若 T(k) 是該數列的首個負數項，求 k 的值。
Common difference  79  88
 9
129
Question Bank
∴ T (k )  88  (k  1)(9)
 88  9k  9
 97  9k
T (k )  0
97  9k  0
9k  97
7
k  10
9
∴ k  11
4. For an arithmetic sequence, the 8th term is 17 times that of the 2nd term, and the 6th term is greater
than 9 times that of the 2nd term by 8. Find
(a) the general term of the arithmetic sequence,
(b) the value of k if T (2k )  2T (3)  29 .
已知一個等差數列的第 8 項是第 2 項的 17 倍，而數列的第 6 項又比第 2 項的 9 倍大 8。
(a) 求該等差數列的通項。
(b) 若 T (2k )  2T (3)  29 ，求 k 的值。
∵ T (n)  a  (n 1)d
∴ T (8)  a  7 d
T (2)  a  d
T (6)  a  5d
∴ T (8)  17T (2)

a  7 d  17(a  d )
a  7 d  17a  17d
16a  10d
8a  5d ……(1)
T (6)  9T ( 2)  8
a  5d  9(a  d )  8
a  5d  9 a  9 d  8
4d  8a  8
d  2a  2 ……(2)

8a  5(2a  2)
 10a  10
 2a  10
a  5
By substituting a = 5 into (2), we have
d  2(5)  2
8
∴ T (n)  5  (n  1)(8)
 8n  13
130
and their Summation
(b) T (2k )  8(2k )  13
 16k  13
T (3)  8(3)  13
 11
∵ T (2k )  2T (3)  29
∴ 16k  13  2(11)  29
16k  35  29
16k  64
k 4
5. How many positive terms are there in the arithmetic sequence 230,212,194, ?
問等差數列 230,212,194,... 共有多少個正數項？
Common difference = 212 – 230 = 18
∴ T (n)  230  (n  1)(18)

 248  18n
Suppose there are k positive terms in the sequence.

T (k )  0
248  18k  0
7
k  13
9
∴ There are 13 positive terms in the sequence.
6. All interior angles of a convex quadrilateral form an arithmetic sequence and the smallest interior
angle of the quadrilateral is 60. Find the other three interior angles of the quadrilateral.
已知一個凸四邊形的所有內角形成一個等差數列，而最小的內角是 60 。求該四邊形其餘的內
角。
∴ The interior angles of the quadrilateral are:
60, 60 + d, 60 + 2d, 60 + 3d.

60  (60  d )  (60  2d )  (60  3d )  360
240  6d  360
∵
40  d  60
d  20
∴ The other interior angles of the quadrilateral are 80, 100 and 120.
7. For an arithmetic sequence, it is given that T (1)  8 and T (5)  3T (2) . Find
(a) the general term of the sequence,
(b) the 15th term of the sequence.
對於一個等差數列，已知 T (1)  8 及 T (5)  3T (2) 。求該數列的
131
Question Bank
(a) 通項;
(b) 第 15 項。
∴ The interior angles of the quadrilateral are:
60, 60 + d, 60 + 2d, 60 + 3d.

60  (60  d )  (60  2d )  (60  3d )  360
240  6d  360
∵
40  d  60
d  20
∴ The other interior angles of the quadrilateral are 80, 100 and 120.
8. In the figure, △ABC is a right-angled triangle where AC  BC and C  90 .

If the lengths of BC, AC, AB are in arithmetic sequence, find AB : AC: BC.
在圖中，△ABC 是一個直角三角形，其中 AC > BC 及 C  90 。若 BC、
AC、AB 的長度是一個等差數列，求 AB : AC : BC 。
Let d be the common difference and BC = a.
∴ AC = a + d
AB = a + 2d
∵ AC2 + BC2 = AB2 (Pyth. theorem)
( a  d ) 2  a 2  ( a  2d ) 2
2a 2  2ad  d 2  a 2  4ad  4d 2
a 2  2ad  3d 2  0
(a  3d )(a  d )  0
a  3d or a  d (rejected)
∴ BC = 3d, AC = 4d, AB = 5d
∴ AB : AC : BC = 5 : 4 : 3
9. For an arithmetic sequence, it is given that T (8)  15 and T (5)  T (17)  42 . Find
(a) the first term and the common difference of the sequence.
(c) the smallest term of the sequence that is greater than 1000.
對於一個等差數列，已知 T (8)  15 及 T (5)  T (17)  42 。求
(a) 該數列的首項和公差;
(b) 該數列的通項;
(c) 該數列中僅大於 1000 的項。
∵ T (n)  a  (n 1)d
∴ T (8)  a  7d  15 ……(1)
T (5)  T (17)  (a  4d )  (a  16d )  42 ……(2)
From (2),
132
and their Summation
2a  20d  42
a  10d  21 ……(3)
(3) – (1), 3d  6
d 2
By substituting d = 2 into (1), we have
a  7(2)  15
a 1
∴ The first term is 1 and the common difference is 2.
(b) ∵ a = 1, d = 2
∴ T (n)  1  (n  1)(2)
 2n  1
(c) Let kth term be the smallest term so that T(k) > 1000.
T (k )  1000
2k  1  1000
1
k  500
2
∴ The smallest term  2  501 1
 1001
10. Insert three arithmetic means, in terms of a, between a  3 and a 2  1 ,

在 a + 3 與 a2 + 1 之間插入三個等差中項，答案以 a 表示。
Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic sequence to be formed.
The arithmetic sequence formed is
a + 3, a + 3 + d, a + 3 + 2d, a + 3 + 3d, a2 + 1
∴ a  3  4d  a 2  1
4d  a 2  a  2
a2  a  2
d
4
∴ The required arithmetic means are
a2  a  2  a2  a  2   a2  a  2 
a 3 , a  3  2  , a  3  3
 


4  4   4 
a 2  3a  10 a 2  a  4 3a 2  a  6
i.e. , ,
4 2 4
11. If x is the arithmetic mean between 7 and y, while y is the arithmetic mean between x  9 and 14,
find the value of x and y.
若 –7 與 y 的等差中項是 x，而 x + 9 與 14 的等差中項是 y，求 x 和 y 的值。
∵ x is the arithmetic mean between 7 and y.
∴ 2x  y  7
y  2 x  7 ……(1)
133
Question Bank
∵ y is the arithmetic mean between x + 9 and 14.
∴ 2 y  ( x  9)  14
2 y  x  23 ……(2)
2(2 x  7)  x  23
4 x  14  x  23
3x  9
x3
By substituting x = 3 into (1), we have
y  2(3)  7
 13
12. Insert four arithmetic means, in terms of m, between 3 and 2m.

在 –3 與 2m 之間插入四個等差中項，答案以 m 表示。
Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic sequence to be formed.
3, 3 + d, –3 + 2d, 3 + 3d, 3 + 4d, 2m
∴ 3  5d  2m
5d  2 m  3
2m  3
d
5
∴ The required four arithmetic means are:
2m  3  2m  3   2m  3   2m  3 
3 ,  3  2  ,  3  3  ,  3  4 
5  5   5   5 
2m  12 4m  9 6m  6 8m  3
i.e. , , ,
5 5 5 5
13. Find the number of terms in the geometric sequence

2,10,50,250,
which is smaller than 5000.
求在等比數列 2,10,50,250,... 中小於 5000 的項數。
. Let R be the common ratio
10
R 5
2
∵ a = 2, R = 5
∴ T (n)  2(5) n1

Let T(k) be the greatest term so that T(k) < 5000.
134
and their Summation
T (k )  5000
2(5) k 1  5000
5 k 1  2500
log 5 k -1  log 2500
(k  1) log 5  log 2500
log 2500
k 1 
log 5
k  5.86 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
∴ There are 5 terms in the sequence which are less than 5000.
14 If log( x  2) is the arithmetic mean between 1 and log( x  3.1) , find the value of x.
若 1 與 log(x + 3.1) 的等差中項是 log(x + 2)，求 x 的值。
∵ log(x + 2) is the arithmetic mean between 1 and
log(x + 3.1).
∴ 2 log(x  2)  1  log(x  3.1)
log(x  2) 2  log10  log(x  3.1)
log(x 2  4 x  4)  log[10(x  3.1)]
x 2  4 x  4  10( x  3.1)
x 2  6 x  27  0
( x  9)( x  3)  0
x  9 or x  3 (rejected)
15. If sin  is the arithmetic mean between 3 cos and  sin  , find  for 0    360 .
若 3 cos 與  sin  的等差中項是 sin  ，其中 0    360 ，求  的值。
∵ sin  is the arithmetic mean between 3 cos  and
–sin .
∴ 2 sin   3 cos   (sin  )

3 sin   3 cos 
tan   1
∴   45 or 225
16. It is given that T (1),T (2),T (3),, T (n), are in geometric sequence. Show that the sequence
2T (1),2 2 T (2),2 3 T (3),,2 n T (n), is a geometric sequence.
. 已知 T (1),T (2),T (3),...,T (n),... 是一個等比數列。證明 2T (1),2 2 T (2),23 T (3),...,2 n T (n),...也是一
個等比數列。
∵ T(1), T(2), ... are in geometric sequence.
T ( n)
∴  R for some constant R,
T (n  1)
2 n T ( n) T ( n)
n 1
 2  2R
2 T (n  1) T (n  1)
135
Question Bank
∴ 2T(1), 22T(2), … are geometric sequence with common ratio 2R.
17. The lengths of sides of △ABC are in geometric sequence and the perimeter of the triangle is 38 cm.
4
If the shortest side of the triangle is of its longest side, find
9
(a) the lengths of the three sides of the triangle,
(b) the area of the triangle.
△ABC 的邊長是一個等比數列且其周界為 38 cm。若該三角形最短的邊的邊長是最長的邊的
4
，求
9
(a) 該三角形三條邊的長度;
(b) 該三角形的面積。
(a) Let the length of shortest sides of the triangle be
a cm and R be the common ratio. (R > 1)
∴ The length of sides of the triangle are a cm,
aR cm and aR2 cm.
∴ a  aR  aR2  38 ……(1)
4 2
a aR ……(2)
9
9
From (2), R 
2
4
3 3
R  or  (rejected)
2 2
3
2
3a 9a
a   38
2 4
19a
 38
4
a 8
∴ The lengths of sides of the triangle are 8 cm,
12 cm and 18 cm.
a  aR  aR2
(b) Let S  cm
2
8  12  18
 cm
2
 19 cm
By Heron’s formula,
area  19(19  8)(19  12)(19  18) cm 2
 1463 cm 2
136
and their Summation
18 Find the number of terms in the geometric sequence

800,600,450,
which is greater than 60.
求在等比數列 800,600,450,...中大於 60 的項數。
Let R be the common ratio.
600 3
R 
800 4
3
∵ a  800 , R 
4
n 1
3
∴ T (n)  800 
4
Let T(k) be the greatest term so that T(k) > 60.
T ( k )  60
k 1
3
800   60
4
k 1
3 3
  
4 40
k 1
3 3
log   log
4 40
3 3
(k  1) log  log
4 40
3
log
k 1  40
3
log
4
k  10.004 (cor. to 3 d.p.)
∴ There are 10 terms in the sequence which are greater than 60.
19. It is given that the three interior angles of a triangle are in geometric sequence. If the smallest interior
angle is one-fourth of the largest interior angle, find all the interior angles of the triangle.
(Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places.)
已知一個三角形的三個內角形成一個等比數列。若最小的內角是最大的內角的四分之一，求該
三角形的所有內角。
(答案須準確至二位小數。)
Let the smallest interior angle of the triangle is a and the common ratio is R. (R > 1)
∴ The interior angles are a, aR and aR2.
1 2
∵ a aR
4
∴ R2  4
137
Question Bank
a  2a  2 2 a  180 ( sum of )
7 a  180
180
a
7
 25.7143
∴ The interior angles are 25.71 (cor. to 2 d.p.), 51.43 (cor. to 2 d.p.) and 102.86 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
20. A ball is dropped vertically from the top of a tower. Each time it reaches the ground, it rebounds to a
2
height which is of its previous height. If the ball reaches a height of 24 m after the third rebound,
3
find the height of the tower.
. 把一個皮球從一幢大廈的頂層垂直掉下來。當皮球到達地面時，它會垂直向上反彈至原來高度
2
的。若皮球第 3 次反彈後所達到的高度是 24m，求該大廈的高度。
3
Let h m be the height of the tower. After third rebounds, the height of the ball reaches
3
2
 h 
3
8h

27
8h
 24
∴ 27
h  81
∴ The height of the building is 81 m.
21. The value of a car is $270 000 in the year 2005 and it is known that the value of the car decreases by
9% each year.
(a) Find the value of the car in the year 2017. (Give your answer correct to the nearest dollar.)
(b) When will the value of car half of that in the year 2005?
某私家車在 2005 年的售價是 $270 000。已知該輛私家車的售價每年都減少 9 %。
(a) 求該輛私家車在 2017 年的售價。(答案須準確至最接近的元。)
(b) 問該輛私家車在哪一年的售價將會減至 2005 年時的售價的一半？
(a) Value of car in the year 2017
138
and their Summation
 $270 000 (1  9%) 12

 $87 068 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
(b) Let n be the number of years.
270 000
270 000 (1  9%) n 
2
1
0.91n 
2
1
log 0.91n  log
2
1
n log 0.91  log
2
1
log
n 2
log 0.91
 7.35 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
∴ The value of the car will be halved in the year 2013.
22. If p, q, r and s are the four geometric means between 2 and 50, find the value of
log p  log q  log r  log s .
若 p, q, r 和 s 是 2 與 50 之間的四個等比中項，求 log p  log q  log r  log s 的值。
Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to be formed.
The geometric sequence to be formed is:
2, 2R, 2R2, 2R3, 2R4, 50.

∴ 2R5 = 50
∴ log p + log q + log r + log s

 log ( pqrs)
 log[(2 R)(2 R 2 )(2 R 3 )(2 R 4 )]
 log (16R10 )
 log[4(2 R 5 ) 2 ]
 log10000
4
23. In a certain experiment, a kind of algae is placed in a pool. The area covered by the algae is doubled at
every three hours. If it will take 18 hours to cover the pool, how long will it take for the algae to cover
1
of the pool? (Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.)
3
在一次實驗中，某類海藻被放置於水池。每隔三小時，水池被海藻覆蓋的面積便增加一倍，而
1
18 小時後，整個水池的表面被海藻完全覆蓋。問需要多少時間，該海藻才可覆蓋個水池？
3
(答案須準確至二位小數)
Let A be the area of the pool and A0 be the area covered by the algae at the beginning.
∴ A = A0(2)6
139
Question Bank
1
Let t be time required for covering of the pool.
3
t
1
A  A0 ( 2) 3
3
t
26
A0  A0 ( 2) 3
3
t
26
23 
3
18
2
2t 
27
218
log2t  log
27
218
t log2  log
27
218
log
t 27
log2
t  13.25 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
1
∴ It takes 13.25 hours to cover of the pool.
3
1
24. (a) For b  0 , insert three geometric means , in terms of b, between 2
and 25b 2 .
25b
1
(b) If the general term of geometric sequence  , 2
, x, y, z,25b 2 , is 3 n 3 , find the value of
25b
b.
1
(a) 對於 b > 0，在與 25b 2 之間插入三個等比中項，答案以 b 表示。
25b 2
1
(b) 若等比數列 ..., , x, y, z,25b 2 ,... 的通項是 3 n 3 ，求 b 的值。
25b 2
(a) Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to be formed.
1 R R2 R3
, , , , 25b2
25b 2 25b 2 25b 2 25b 2
R4
∴  25b 2
25b 2
R 4  625b 4
R  5b or  5b
1
When R = 5b, the required geometric means are: , 1, 5b.
5b
1
When R = –5b, the required geometric means are:  , 1, –5b.
5b
(b) From the result of (a), the common ratio of the geometric sequence is 5b or –5b.
140
and their Summation
∵ General term = 3n  3
∴ Common ratio = 3
∴ 5b = 3 or –5b = 3
3 3
b or 
5 5
25. How many terms must be taken from the arithmetic series 47  43  39   to make a sum equals
24?
對於等差級數 47  43  39  ... ，問需要取多少項才可使級數之和等於 24？
Let N be the required number of terms.
 4
N
∴ [2(47)  ( N  1)(4)]  24
2
N (49  2 N )  24
2 N 2  49N  24  0
(2 N  1)( N  24)  0
1
N (rejected) or N  24
2
∴ The number of terms is 24.
26. If sin  is the geometric mean between cos and 1, find the value of cos for  is an acute
angle.
若 sin  是 cos 和 1 的等比中項，其中  是一個銳角，求 cos 的值。
∵ sin  is the geometric mean between cos  and 1.
sin2   (cos )(1)

∴
sin2   cos
1  cos2   cos
cos2   cos  1  0
 1  12  4(1)(1)
cos   or
2
 1  12  4(1)(1)
(rejected)
2
1  5
cos  
2
27. It is given that 15, x, y are in arithmetic sequence and x, y,49 are in geometric sequence. Find the
values of x and y.
已知 15, x, y 是一個等差數列，而 x, y,49 是一個等比數列。求 x 和 y 的值。
141
Question Bank
∵ 15, x, y are in arithmetic sequence.
∴ 2 x  15  y
y  2 x  15(1)
∵ x, y, 49 are in geometric sequence.
∴ y2 = 49x (2)
(2 x  15) 2  49x
4 x  60x  225  49x
2
4 x 2  109x  225  0
(4 x  9)( x  25)  0
9
x or x  25
4
9 9 21
When x  , y  2   15  
4 4 2
When x = 25, y  2(15)  15  15
28. (a) Find the sum of the terms of the arithmetic series  47  40  33    9 .
(b) Find the maximum number of terms in the arithmetic series  47  40  33   that can give a
negative sum.
. (a) 求等差級數  47  40  33  ...  9 各項之和。
(b) 對於等差級數  47  40  33  ... ，問最多取多少項使到級數之和仍是負數？
(a) Common difference  40  (47)
7
Let n be the number of terms in the series.

47  (n  1)(7)  9
7(n  1)  56
n 1  8
n9
9
∴ Sum of the series  (47  9)
2
  171
(b) Let N be the maximum number of terms.

Sum of N terms of the series
N
 [2(47)  ( N  1)(9)]
2
N (9 N  103)

2
For the sum of the series is negative,
142
and their Summation
N (9 N  103)
0
2
9 N  103  0 ( N  0)
4
N  11
9
∴ The maximum number of term is 11.
1
29. It is given that 1, k , , is a geometric sequence of positive real numbers.
5
(a) Find the value of k. (Leave your answer in surd form.)
(b) Find the general term of the sequence.
(c) Find T (1)  T (3)  T (5)  T (2003) .
1
. 已知 1, k , ,... 是一個正實數的等比數列。
5
(a) 求 k 的值。( 答案以根式表示。)
(b) 求該數列的通項。
(c) 求 T (1)  T (3)  T (5)  ... T (2003) 的值。
1
(a) k 2  1  
5
1
k ( k  0)
5
k
(b) common ratio 
1
k
1

5
n 1
 1 
∴ T (n)  1   

 5
1 n
5 2
(c) T(1)  T(3)  T(5)    T(2003)

 5 0  5 1  5 2    5 1001
 5 0121001
1001
 (11001)
5 2
 5 501501
30. The perimeter of an n-sided polygon is 160 cm. If the lengths of sides are arranged in an ascending
order, they form an arithmetic sequence and the common difference is 4 cm. If the longest side of the
polygon is 34 cm, find the number of sides of the polygon.
已知一個有 n 條邊的多邊形的周界是 160 cm。若將邊長由小至大排序，它們形成一個公差是
143
Question Bank
4 cm 的等差數列。若該多邊形最長的邊的邊長是 34 cm，求該多邊形的邊數。
If the lengths of the sides of the polygon are arranged in a descending order, they form an arithmetic sequence with common
difference -4.
n
[2(34)  (n  1)(4)]  160
2
n(36  2n)  160
n 2  18n  80  0
(n  10)(n  8)  0
n  10 or n  8
For n = 10,
length of smallest side  [34  (10  1)(4)] cm

 2 cm (rejected)
∴ n = 10 is not a reasonable answer.
∴ The number of sides of the polygon is 8.
31. The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is 7n 2  2n . Find the nth term of the series.
已知一個等差級數的首 n 項之和是 7n 2  2n ，求該級數的第 n 項。
T (n)  S (n)  S (n  1)
 7n 2  2n  [7(n  1) 2  2(n  1)]
 [7 n 2  7(n  1) 2 ]  [2n  2(n  1)]
 7[n 2  (n  1) 2 ]  2[n  (n  1)]
 7(n 2  n 2  2n  1)  2
 7(2n  1)  2
 14n  9
32. A boy saves $1 on the first day, $4 on the second day, $7 on the third day and so on. If the boy saves
$590 in total on nth day, find n.
一名男孩在第一天儲蓄 $1，第二天儲蓄 $4，第三天儲蓄 $7，餘此類推。若該男孩在第 n 天共
儲存了 $590，求 n 的值。
∵ The boy saves $3 more than that of yesterday.
∴ The money saved form an arithmetic sequence.
n
∴ Total money saved  [2(1)  (n  1)(3)]
2
n
 (3n  1)
2
n
∴ (3n  1)  590
2
3n 2  n  1180  0
(3n  59)(n  20)  0
59
∴ n  20 or n   (rejected)
3
144
and their Summation
33. (a) Find the sum of the geometric series 1  2  2 2    2 n .

By using the result of (a), simplify 2  2 2  2 2  2 2    2 2 .
3 3 n
(b) (i)
(ii) Find the least number of terms in 2  2 2  2 2  2 2    2 2
3 3 n
such that its product is
greater than 100 000 000.
(a) 求等比級數 1  2  2 2  ...  2 n 各項之和。
2 3 n
(b) (i) 利用從(a)所得的結果，化簡 2  2 2  2 2  2 2  ... 2 2 。
2 3 n
(ii) 問最少需要多少項才可使到 2  2 2  2 2  2 2  ... 2 2 的積大於 100 000 000？
(a) ∵ a = 1, R = 2
1(2 n1  1)
∴ S ( n) 
2 1
 2 n1  1
2 n
(b) (i) 2  2 2  2 2   2 2
 21 2  2  2 n
2
n 1
1
 22 (by (a))
(ii) Let N be the least number of term.
N
∵ 2  22    22  100 000 000
N 1
1
22  100 000 000
N 1
1
log 2 2
 log100 000 000
N 1
(2  1) log 2  8
8
2 N 1  1
log2
 8 
( N  1) log2  log  1
 log 2 

1   8  
N log  1   1
log2   log2  
 3.79 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
∴ At least 4 terms should be taken.
34. It is given that a1 , a 2 , form a geometric sequence with a 2  a1  256 and the sum to the infinity
of the corresponding series is 144. Find the sum of all positive terms of the series.
已知 a1 , a2 ,... 是一個等比數列，而 a2  a1  256 及相應級數的無限項之和是 144。求該級數
所有正數項之和。
Let r be the common ratio.
∵ a1 – a2 = 256
∴ a1 – a1r1 = 256
a1 (1  r )  256
256
a1 
1 r
145
Question Bank
∵ S() = 144
a1
∴  144
1 r
256
 144
(1  r )(1  r )
16
9
(1  r ) 2
16
(1  r ) 2 
9
4 4
1 r  or 
3 3
1 7
r or (rejected)
3 3
1
By substituting r   into a1(1 – r) = 256, we have
3
  1 
a1 1      256
  3 
3
a1  256 
4
 192
192
∴ Sum of all positive terms  2
 1
1   
 3
 216
35. It is given that the sum of the first 4 terms and the sum of the first 8 terms of a geometric series are 3
and 51 respectively. If the common ratio of the series is positive, find
(a) the common ratio,
(b) the sum of the first 10 terms of the series.
已知一個公比為正數的等比級數的首 4 項之和是 3，而首 8 項之和是 51。求
(a) 公比;
(b) 該級數首 10 項之和。
a(1  R 4 )
∵ S (4) 
1 R
a(1  R 4 )
∴  3(1)
1 R
a(1  R 4 )
∵ S (8) 
1 R
a(1  R 8 )
∴  51(2)
1 R
146
and their Summation
1  R8
(2)  (1),  17
1 R4
(1  R 4 )(1  R 4 )
 17
1 R4
1  R 4  17
R 4  16
(b) By substituting R = 2 into (1), we have
a (1  2 4 )
3
1 2
15a  3
1
a
5
1 10
(2  1)
∴ S (10)  5
2 1
1023

5
36 A car is now decelerating from 100 m/s to rest. It reduces half of its speed for every second. Find
(a) the speed of the car in the 10th second,
(b) the distance travelled in the 10th second,
(c) the distance travelled before it comes to rest.
一輛汽車從 100 m/s 開始減速直至完全停下來。已知該輛汽車的速度每秒減少一半。
求該輛汽車
(a) 在第 10 秒的速度;
(b) 在首 10 秒所行走的距離;
(c) 在停下前所行走的距離。
(a) Speed of car in 10th second
10
1
 100   m/s
2
25
 m/s
256
(b) Distance travelled
147
Question Bank
 1 1
2
1 
9
 100  100   100     100   m
 2 2  2  
 1 1 1
 1001   2    9  m
 2 2 2 
  1 
 11  10  
  2 
 100 
1 
m
 1
 2 
25 575
 m
128
(c) Total distance travelled
 1 1
2

 100  100   100    m
 2 2 
 1 1 
 1001   2   m
 2 2 
 
 1 
 100  m
1  1 
 2 
 200 m
37. The figure shows a right-angled triangle ABC with ABC  90 . h1 , h3 , h5 , are perpendiculars to
AC, h2 , h4 , h6 , are perpendiculars to BC.
(a) Show that h1 , h2 , h3 , are in geometric sequence and express the common ratio in terms of
.
(b) If AB  20 cm and h1  h2  h3    20(2 3  3) cm, find the value of  .
圖中所示為一個直角三角形 ABC，其中 ABC  90，h1 , h3 , h5 ,... 是垂直於 AC 的線，h2 , h4 , h6 ,...
是垂直於 BC 的線。
(a) 證明 h1 , h2 , h3 ,... 形成一個等比數列，並求該數列的公比，答案以  表示。.

(b) 若 AB = 20 cm 及 h1  h2  h3  ...  20(2 3  3) cm ，求  的值。
(a) In △ABD,
h1 = AB cos 
In △DBE,
∵ BDE = (alt.∠s, AB // DE)
∴ h2  h1 cos
  
 AB cos2 
  In △DEF,
∵ DEF = alt.∠s, BD // EF)
∴ h3  h2 cos
 AB cos3 

h1, h2, h3,  are in geometric sequence with
148
and their Summation
cos as common ratio..
(b) ∵ h1 + h2 + h3 + 
 AB cos   AB cos2  A cos3  
 AB(cos   cos2   cos3   )
AB cos 

1  cos 
20 cos 
∴  20(2 3  3)
1  cos 
cos 
 (2 3  3)
1  cos 
cos   (2 3  3)(1  cos  )
cos   (2 3  3)  (2 3  3) cos 
(1  3  2 3 ) cos   2 3  3
2 3 3
cos  
42 3
3 (2  3 )

2( 2  3 )
3

2
  30
38. Given an geometric series  64  16  (4)  

(a) Find the sum to infinity of the series.
(b) Find the sum of the first n terms of the series.
(c) A student estimates the sum to infinity of the series by the answer in (b). If the relative error of
the estimation is less than 0.0001, find the smallest value of n.
已知  64  16  (4)  ... 為一個等比級數。
(a) 求該級數的無限項之和。
(b) 求該級數的首 n 項之和。
(c) 某學生利用 (b) 的結果來估算上列的等比級數的無限項之和。求 n 的最小值使估計值的相
對誤差小於 0.0001。
16 1
(a) Common ratio  
 64 4
64 256
∴ S ( )  
 1 5
1  
 4
  1 n 
 641     
  4   256   1  
n
(b) S ( n)   1     
 1 5   4  
1  
 4
149
Question Bank
S ( n )  S ( )
(c) relative error 
S ( )
256   1 
n
256
 1     
5   4  5
 
256

5
n
 1
 1  1    
 4
n
 1
   
 4
1
∴  0.0001
4n
4  n  0.0001
 n log4  4
4
n
log4
 6.64 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
4 4
39. A student is asked to find the sum to infinity of the geometric series 12  (4)   ( )   . If he
3 9
just adds up the first 6 terms to find the answer, find the percentage error in his answer.
(Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
4  4
. 某學生需要求出級數 12  (4)       ... 的無限項之和，但他只把該級數的首 6 項加起來
3  9
作為答案。求他的答案的百分誤差。(答案須準確至三位有效數字。)
4 1
∵ common ratio   
12 3
  1 6 
121     
 
3 
∴ S (6)   
728
 1 81
1  
 3
12
S ( )  9
 1
1  
 3
728
9
∴ Percentage error  81  100%
9
 0.137% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)
150
and their Summation
Level 2+ Questions
程度 2+題目
1. In the figure, an ant starts from O(0,0) and moves as follows:

(i) Moving northwards and travels to A(0,3).
2
(ii) Moving eastwards and travels at a distance of his northbound trip.
3
2
(iii) Moving southwards and travels at a distance of his eastbound trip.
3
2
(iv) Moving westwards and travels at a distance of his southbound trip.
3
2
(v) Moving northwards and travels at a distance of his westbound trip.
3
The ant repeats (ii) to (v) infinitely.
(a) Find the total distance that the ant travels.
(b) The ant finally reaches his nest. Find the coordinates of the nest.
在圖中，一隻螞蟻從 O(0, 0)出發，並根據下列方法移動。
(i) 向北移動，抵達 A(0, 3)。
2
(ii) 向東移動，行走距離為牠在向北移動時的。
3
2
(iii) 向南移動，行走距離為牠在向東移動時的。
3
2
(iv) 向西移動，行走距離為牠在向南移動時的。
3
2
(v) 向北移動，行走距離為牠在向西移動時的。
3
該隻螞蟻不斷重複(ii)至(v)。
(a) 求牠所行走的總距離。
(b) 該隻螞蟻最終回到牠的巢穴。求牠的巢穴的坐標。
2
(a) ∵ The distance travelled by the ant is of the distance travelled in previous path.
3
151
Question Bank
2
2 2
∴ Total distance  3  3   3   
3 3
 2  2 2 
 31      
 3  3  
 
 1 
 3 
 2
 1 
 3
9
(b) Consider the vertical movement of the ants,

Distance travelled
2 4
2 2
 3  3   3   
3 3
2
 4  4
 3  3    3    
 9  9
3

 4
1   
 9
27

13
Consider the horizontal movement of the ants, Distance travelled
2 4
2 2 2 2 2
 3  3     3     
3 3 3 3 3
2
 4  4
 2  2    2  
 9  9
2

 4
1   
 9
18

13
 27 18 
∴ The coordinates of the nest are  ,  .
 13 13 
2. Given an sequence 1,11,111,1111,

(Note: 111
 1 is not accepted as an answer.)
n
(b) Using the result in (a), show that the integer 111
 1222
2 is product of two consecutive

2005 2005
integers.
(c) Find the general term of the sequence 1,12,123,1234,
已知一個數列 1,11,111,1111,
152
and their Summation
(注意: 111 1 不被接受為答案。)

...
n
(b) 利用從 (a) 所得的結果，證明整數 111

...
1222 2 是兩個連續整數的積。
...
2005 2005
(c) 求數列 1,12,123,1234,... 的通項。

(a) 11  10  1
111 100  10  1  102  10  1
1111 1000 100  10  1  103  102  10  1

n 1 n2
∴ 111
 1  10  10    10  1
n
1(10n  1)

10  1
10n  1

9
(b) 111
 1 222

 2

2005 2005
 111
 1  10
2005
 222

 2

2005 2005
 111
 1  10
2005
 2  111
 1
2005 2005
 111
 1  (10
2005
 2)
2005
102005  1 
 111
 1  3  1
2005  3 
102005  1 
 333
 3    1
2005  3 
  102005  1  
   1
 333
 3  3  
2005   9  
 
 333  
 3   3  111
 1  1
2005  2005 
 333
  3  33 
 34

2005 2005
(c) ∵ 12  11 1
123  111 11 1
1234  1111 111 11 1
∴ General term
153
Question Bank
10n  1 10n 1  1
  1
9 9
1

 (10n  10n 1    101 )  1  1  1
9

1 10(10n  1) 
   n
9  10  1 
1 10(10n  1) 
   n
9  9 
3. In the figure, △ABC is an acute-angled triangle. Let BC  a, CA  b, AB  c

and area of △ABC  S .
(a) Express tan A in terms of a, b, c and S.
1 1 1
(b) If a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in arithmetic sequence, show that , ,
tan A tan B tan C
are also in arithmetic sequence.
在圖中，△ABC 是一個銳角三角形。設 BC  a, CA  b, AB  c 及△ABC 的面積 = S。
(a) 以 a, b, c 和 S 表示 tan A。
1 1 1
(b) 若 a 2 , b 2 , c 2 是一個等差數列，證明 , , 也是一個等差數列。
tan A tan B tan C
(a) By the cosine formula,
b2  c2  a2
cos A  .  (1)
2bc
Moreover,
1
S bc sin A
2
2S
sin A   (2)
bc
(2)  (1)
4S
tan A 
b2  c2  a2
(b) ∵ a2, b2, c2 are in arithmetic sequence.

∴ b2 – a2 = c2 – b2  (*)
1 b2  c2  a 2
From (a), 
tan A 4S
1 a 2  c 2  b2
Similarly,  ,
tan B 4S
1 a 2  b2  c2

tan C 4S
154
and their Summation
1 1

tan B tan A
a 2  c2  b2 b2  c2  a 2
 
4S 4S
2(a 2  b 2 )

4S
1 1

tan C tan B
a 2  b 2  c 2 a 2  c 2  b 2 2(b 2  c 2 )
  
4S 4S 4S
1 1 1 1
∴    (by (*))
tan C tan B tan B tan A
1 1 1
∴ , , are in arithmetic sequence
tan A tan B tan C
4. The terms of the geometric sequence 1,3,32 ,33 , are divided into the groups G1 , G2 , G3 , G4 ,
G1 : 1
G 2 : 3,3 2
G3 : 3 3 ,3 4 ,3 5
G 4 : 3 6 ,3 7 ,38 ,3 9

(a) Find the total number of elements from groups G1 to G n .
(b) Find the sum of elements in group G n .
把等比數列 1,3,32 ,33 ,... 的項放置於組別 G1 , G2 , G3 , G4 ,... 中。
G1 : 1
G 2 : 3,3 2
G3 : 33 ,3 4 ,35
G 4 : 3 6 ,3 7 ,38 ,39

(a) 問組別 G1 至 Gn 共有多少項？
(b) 求組別 G n 內各項的總和。
(a) ∵ Number of elements in group Gn = n
∴ Total number of elements
 1 2  3  n
n(n  1)

2
(b) By the result of (a),
( n 1) n
1
the last element of group Gn 1  3 2 ,
n ( n 1)
1
the last element of group Gn  3 2 .
155
Question Bank
( n 1) n
∴ The first element of group Gn  3 2
∴ Sum of elements in group Gn

( n 1) n ( n 1) n n ( n 1)
1 1
3 2 3 2  3 2
( n 1) n
3 2 [1  3  32    3n 1 ]
( n 1) n
1  (3n  1) 
3 2  
 3  1 
( n 1) n
3 2  (3n  1)

2
5. Let n be an positive integer such that 2 n  1 is a prime number.

(a) Find all the factors of
(i) 2 n 1 ,
(ii) 2 n 1 (2 n  1) .
(b) If m  2 n 1 (2 n  1) , find the sum of all the factors of m.
設 n 為一個正整數，使到 2 n  1 是一個質數。
(a) 求下列各數的所有因數。
(i) 2 n1
(ii) 2 n1 (2 n  1)
(b) 若 m  2 n1 (2 n  1) ，求 m 的所有因數之和。
(a) (i) The factors of 2 n are: 1, 2, 2 2 , , 2 n 1
(ii) ∵ 2 n  1 is a prime number
∴ 1 and 2 n  1 are only factors of 2 n  1
∴ Factor of 2 n (2 n  1) are:
1, 2, 2 2 , , 2 n 1 ; 2 n  1 , 2(2n  1) , 2 2 (2 n  1) , , 2 n 1 (2 n  1)
(b) Sum of factors
 1  2  2 2    2 n1  (2 n  1)  2(2 n  1)  
   2 n1 (2 n  1)
 (1  2    2 n1 )  (2 n  1)(1  2    2 n1 )
 (1  2    2 n1 )(1  2 n  1)
 2 n (1  2    2 n1 )
1(2 n  1)
 2n 
2 1
 2 n (2 n  1)
 2[2 n1 (2 n  1)]
 2m
156
and their Summation
6. In the figure, OAB is a right-angled triangle with OAB  90 . B1 , B2 , B3 , are points on OB such
that ACB1 A1 , A1C1 B2 A2 , A2 C2 B3 A3 , are squares. Let S1 , S 2 , S 3 , denote the area of
ACB1 A1 , A1C1 B2 A2 , A2 C2 B3 A3 , respectively.
(a) Show that S1 , S 2 , S 3 are in geometric sequence.
(b) Express the sum of areas of all the squares in terms of S 1 and S 2 .
(c) If S1  1 and the sum of areas of all the squares is 2, find AOB .
在圖中，OAB 是一個直角三角形，且 OAB  90 。 B1 , B2 , B3 ,... 是 OB 上的點，使到
ACB1 A1 , A1C1 B2 A2 , A2 C2 B3 A3 ,... 是正方形。設 ACB1 A1 , A1C1 B2 A2 , A2 C2 B3 A3 ,... 的面積分別為
S1 , S 2 , S 3 ,... 。
(a) 證明 S1 , S 2 , S 3 是一個等比數列。
(b) 以 S1 和 S2 表示所有正方形的面積之和。
(c) 若 S1 = 1 及所有正方形的面積之和是 2，求∠AOB。
(a) Let l1, l2,  be the lengths of squares ACB1A1,
A1C1B2A2,… respectively.
∵△B1B2C1 ~ △B2B3C2 (AAA)
l1  l 2 l 2
∴ 
l 2  l 3 l3
l3l1  l 2 l3  l 22  l 2 l3
l3l1  l 22
l 2 l3

l l2
l 22 l32

l12 l 22
S 2 S3

S1 S 2
∴S1, S2, S3, are in geometric sequence.
S2
(b) Common ratio 
S1
S1
∴ Sum ofareas of all squares 
S
1 2
S1
S1

S1  S 2
S1
S12

S1  S 2
157
Question Bank
(c) ∵ S1 = 1
∴ l1  S1  1
12
2
1  S2
1  2(1  S 2 )
1
S2 
2
1
l2 
2
l1  S1
∵△B1B2C1 ~ △BOA (AAA)
∴∠C1B2B1 = ∠AOB
In △B1B2C1
1
1
tan AOB  2
1
2
 2 1
AOB  22.5
7. In the figure, C1 is a unit circle with centre O1 and touches the horizontal line AB. Circle C 2 of
radius r2 is constructed so that it touches both C1 and AB and its centre lies on O1 A . Circle
C3 , C 4 , C5 , are constructed in a similar way. Denote O1 AB by  .
(a) Express r2 in terms of  .
(b) Find the sum of areas of circles C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 , C5 ,
(c) If the length of O1 A doubles the radius of C1 , find the
smallest values of n such that
(i) the radius of C n is less than 0.01,
(ii) the sum of areas of circles C n , C n1 , C n 2 , is less
than 0.01 .
在圖中，C1 是一個圓心為 O1 的單位圓，並與水平線 AB 相切。作半徑為 r2 的圓 C2，使到它的
圓心在 O1A 上，並與圓 C1 和 AB 相切。以同樣方法作 C3 , C 4 , C5 ,...。以  表示 O1 AB 。
158
and their Summation
(a) 以  表示 r2。
(b) 求圓 C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 , C5 ,... 的面積之和。
(c) 若 O1A 的長度是 C1 的半徑的一倍，求 n 的最小值，使得
(i) Cn 的半徑小於 0.01;
(ii) Cn , Cn1 , Cn2 ,... 的面積之和小於 0.01 。
(a)
In △O1B1A,
1
sin  
O1 A
1
O1 A 
sin 
∵△O1B1A ~ △O2B2A (AAA)
O1B1 OA
∴  1
O2 B2 O2 A
1
1
 sin 
r2 1
 (r2  1)
sin 
1 1

r2 1  (r2  1) sin 
1  ( r2  1) sin   r2
r2 (1  sin  )  1  sin 
1  sin 
r2 
1  sin 
(b)
∵△O2B2A ~ △O3B3A (AAA)
r2
r2 sin 
∴ 
r3 r2
 (r2  r3 )
sin 
r2 r2

r3 r2  (r2  r3 ) sin 
159
Question Bank
r22  r22 sin   r2 r3 sin   r2 r3

r22 (1  sin  )  r2 r3 (1  sin  )
1  sin 
r3  r2
1  sin 
 r22
Similarly, r4  r23 , r5  r24 , 
∴ Sum of areas   (12 )  r22  r32  

  (1  r22  r24  )


1  r22

 2
 1  sin  
1  
 1  sin  
 (1  sin  ) 2

4 sin 
(c) (i) ∵ length of OA = 2 × radius of C1
1
∴ sin 
2
1
1
∴ r2  2
1
1
2
1

3
∵ rn  r2n 1
n 1
1
 
3
∴ rn  0.01
n 1
1
   0.01
3
n 1
1
log    2
3
1
( n  1) log  2
3
2
n 1 
1
log
3
n  5.19 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
∴ n6
(ii) Sum of areas of Cn, Cn+1 
160
and their Summation
  (r2n 1 ) 2   ( r2n ) 2  
  (r22 n  2  r22 n  )
 r22 n  2

1  r22
2n  2
1
 
 3
2
1
1  
3


8 * (32 n  4 )
For the sum of area of Cn, Cn + 1, is less than 0.01 ,

 0.01
8(32 n  4 )
8(32 n  4)  100
25
32 n  4 
2
25
log 32 n  4  log
2
25
(2n  4) log 3  log
2
25
log
2n  4  2
log 3
n  3.15 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
161
Question Bank
Multiple Choice Questions

多項選擇題
n(n  2) ∴ T (5)  2  55  1  111

1 If the general term of a sequence is ,
(n  3) 2 3. Which of the following is the general term of
find the 4th term of the sequence. the sequence 5,8,11,14, ?
n(n  2) 下列何者是數列 5,8,11,14,... 的通項?
若一個數列的通項是，求該數列
(n  3) 2 A. 5n  3
的第 4 項。 B. 3n  2
C. 5n
8 D. 4n  1
A.
49 B
4 ∵ T (2)  8  5  (2  1)(3)
B.
49 T (3)  11  5  (3  1)(3)
T (4)  14  5  (4  1)(3)
1
C.
2 ∴
T (n)  5  (n  1)(3)
6  3n  2
D.
49
A 4. Find the next term of the sequence
n(n  2) 2 8 32
∵ T ( n)  , , ,
(n  3) 2 3 9 27
4( 4  2) 2 8 32
∴ T ( 4)  求數列 , , 接著的一項。
(4  3) 2 3 9 27
8
 128
49 A.
81
128
B.
2. Find the next term of the sequence 192
6,13,27,55, 54
C.
求數列 6,13,27,55,... 接著的一項。 81
A. 100 54
D.
B. 109 192
C. 111 A
D. 119 ∵ T (2) 
8 2 4
 
9 3 3
C
32 8 4
T (3)   
∵ T (2)  13  2  6  1 27 9 3
T (3)  27  2  13  1
T (4)  55  2  27  1
162
and their Summation
32 4 9 3
∴ T ( 4)   ∵ T (2)  T (1)  
27 3 8 4
128 3
 
81 8
27 9
T (3)  T (2)  
16 8
(P01C14L06Q005) 9

5. Which of the following is/are in arithmetic 16
sequence? 3 9 27 81
∴ , , , is not an arithmetic sequence.
下列何者是等差數列? 4 8 16 32
I.  1,0,1,2, 6. Which of the following about the arithmetic

II. log 2, log 4, log 8, log16, sequence T (1),T (2),, T (n) is/are correct?
3 9 27 81 下列何者關於等差數列 T (1),T (2),...,T (n)
III. , , , ,
4 8 16 32 的敍述是正確的?
A. I only T (2) T (3)
I. 
B. I and II only T (1) T (2)
C. II and III only T (1)  T (n)
II. T (1)  T (2)    T (n) 
D. I, II and III 2
B III. T (n)  (n  1)T (2)  (2  n)T (1)
For I:
A. I only
∵ T (2)  T (1)  0  (1)  1 B. II only
T (3)  T (2)  1  0  1
T (4)  T (3)  2  1  1
C. III only
D. None of them are correct
  1, 0, 1, 2, … is an arithmetic sequence. C
For I:
1, 2, 3, 4, … is an arithmetic sequence.
For II: T ( 2) 2
∴  2
T (1) 1
∵ T (2)  T (1)  log4  log2
T (3) 3
4 
 log T ( 2) 2
2
 log2 T (2) T (3)
∴ 
T (3)  T (2)  log8  log4 T (1) T (2)
8
 log ∴ I is not correct.
4
 log2
T (4)  T (3)  log16  log8 For II:
16
 log ∵ T (1)  T (2)  ...  T (n)
8
 log2 n
 [T (1)  T (n)]
∴ log 2, log 4, log 8, log 16, … is an arithmetic 2
sequence. ∴ II is not correct.
For III: For III:
163
Question Bank
∵ Common difference  T (2)  T (1) C. 6n  1

∴ T (n)  T (1)  (n  1)[T (2)  T (1)] D. 7n  1
 T (1)  (n  1)T (2)  (n  1)T (1) C
 (2  n)T (1)  (n  1)T (2) ∵ Common difference  13  7
6
∴ III is correct.
∴ T (n)  7  (n  1)(6)
 6n  1
7. If the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic
sequence is 2n 2  3n , find the 5th term.
10. Find the 8th term of the arithmetic sequence
若一個等差數列的首 n 項之和是
1 5 4
2n 2  3n ，求第 5 項。 , , ,
3 6 3
A. 21
B. 65 1 5 4
求等差數列 , , ,... 的第 8 項。
3 6 3
C. 25
D. 44 25
A.
A 6
T (5)  S (5)  S (4) 13
B.
 [2(5)  3(5)]  [2(4)  3(4)]
2 2
3
 (50  15)  (32  12)
23
 21 C.
6
2
D.
8. The general term of the arithmetic sequence 3
48,40,32, is C
5 1
等差數列 48,40,32,... 的通項是 ∵ Common difference  
6 3
A. 8n . 
1
2
B. 8(n  5) .
1 1
C. 48  n . ∴ T (8)   (8  1) 
3 2
D. 8(7  n) . 1 7
 
D 3 2
∵ Common difference  40  48 23

 8 6
∴ T (n)  48  (n  1)(8)
 56  8n 11 Let T (n) be the nth term of an arithmetic
 8(7  n)
sequence. If T (3)  26 and
T (2) : T (12)  1: 4 , find T (20) .
9. Find the general term of the arithmetic 設一個等差數列的第 n 項為 T(n)。若
sequence 7,13,19, T(3) = 26 及 T (2) : T (12)  1 : 4 ，求 T(20)
求等差數列 7,13,19,... 的通項。的值。
A. 6n  13 A. 128
B. 7n  1 B. 112
164
and their Summation
C. 156 ∴ 9  (n  1)(6)  87

 6(n  1)  96
D. 80
n  1  16
A
n  17
Let a and d be the first term and the common difference
respectively.
13. Find the number of terms in the arithmetic

T (3)  a  2d  26 ……(1) sequence 15,22,29,,169 .
T (2)  a  d
求等差數列 15,22,29,...,169 的項數。
T (12)  a  11d
A. 22
B. 23
∵ T (2) : T (12)  1 : 4
C. 24
∴ T (12)  4T (2)
D. 25
a  11d  4(a  d ) B
a  11d  4a  4d Let n be the number of terms.
3a  7 d
7 Common difference  22  15
a d ……(2)
3 7
By substituting (2) into (1), we have, ∴ 15  (n  1)(7)  169

7(n  1)  154
7 n  1  22
d  2d  26
3 n  23
13d
 26 ∴ There are 23 terms in the sequence.
3
d 6
By substituting d  6 into (2), we have 14. How many positive integers less than 300 are
7 not divisible by 17?
a  ( 6)
3
 14 問有多少個小於 300 的正整數不能被 17 整
∴ T (20)  14  (20  1)(6) 除？
 128
A. 283
B. 282
12. Find the number of terms in the arithmetic C. 281
sequence 9,3,9,  87 . D. 280
求等差數列 9,3,–9,...,–87 的項數。 A
Let n be the number of integer which is divisible by 17.
A. 15
B. 16 ∴ 17  (n  1)(17)  300
C. 17 17n  300
11
D. 18 n  17
17
C
Let n be the number of terms. ∴ Number of integers that are not divisible by 17
Common difference  3  9  300  17

 6  283
165
Question Bank
15 The 6th term and the 13th term of an 8 4 2

 
arithmetic sequence are 53 and 109 15 5 3
16 8 2
respectively.  
45 15 3
Find the general term of the sequence. 32 16 2
 
135 45 3
已知一個等差數列的第 6 項是 53，而第 13 項是
109。求該數列的通項。 ∴ I is a geometric sequence.
A. 7n  11
B. 9n  8
C. 16n  31 For II:
D. 8n  5 6
2
D 3
9 3
Let a and d be the first term and the common difference 
6 2
respectively.
∴ 3, 6, 9, 12, … is not a geometric sequence.
T (6)  a  5d  53 ……(1)
T (13)  a  12d  109 ……(2)
For III:
(2) – (1), 7d  56
d 8 2x2
 22
2x
By substituting d  8 into (1), we have, 2x4
 22
2x2
a  5(8)  53
2x6
a  13  22
2x4
∴ T (n)  13  (n  1)(8)
∴ 2x , 2x  2 , 2x  4 , 2x  6 , ... is a geometric sequence.
 8n  5
17. If 3x  2,4 x,2 x  7 are three consecutive

16. Which of the following are geometric
terms of an arithmetic sequence, find x.
sequences?
若 3x  2,4 x,2 x  7 是一個等差數列的三
下列何者是等比數列？
個連續項，求 x 的值。
4 8 16 32 A. 9
I. , , , ,
5 15 45 135
B. 9
II. 3,6,9,12,
C. 3
III. 2 x ,2 x  2.2 x  4 ,2 x 6 ,
D. 3
A. I and II only D
B. I and III only ∵ 3x  2, 4 x, 2 x  7 are in arithmetic sequence.
C. II and III only ∴ (3x  2)  (2 x  7)  2(4 x)

D. I, II and III 5x  9  8x
B 3x  9
For I: x  3
166
and their Summation
18. If 6 p  3,2 p  1,4 p  5 are three consecutive

 2m 
 m  2 
terms of an arithmetic sequence, find p.  5 
若 6 p  3,2 p  1,4 p  5 是一個等差數列 
9m
5
的三個連續項，求 p 的值。
3
A.
8 20. If five arithmetic means are inserted between
B. 0 p and 3q, find the sum of the arithmetic
2 means inserted.
C.
3 若在 p 與 3q 之間插入五個等差中項，求
D. 1 插入的等差中項之和。.
C A. 5( p  3q)
∵ 6 p  3, 2 p  1, 4 p  5 are in arithmetic
3q  p
sequence. B.
6
∴ (6 p  3)  (4 p  5)  2(2 p  1)
10 p  2  4 p  2
C. 2 p  9q
6p  4 5( p  3q)
2
D.
p 2
3
D
Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic
19. If four arithmetic means are inserted between sequence to be formed.
m and 3m, find the second arithmetic mean The arithmetic sequence formed is:
inserted. p, p  d , p  2d , p  3d , p  4d , p  5d , 3q
若在 m 與 3m 之間插入四個等差中項，求 ∴ p  6d  3q
插入的第二個等差中項。 3q  p
d
6
7m
A. Sum of the arithmetic means
5
B. 2m  ( p  d )  ( p  2d )  ( p  3d )  ( p  4d )  ( p  5d )
 5 p  15d
9m  5( p  3d )
C.
5   3q  p 
 5 p  3 
2m   6 
D. 5( p  3q)
5 
2
C
Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic
sequence to be formed.
The arithmetic sequence formed is: (P01C14L06Q021)

m, m  d , m  2d , m  3d , m  4d , 3m
21. If the first term and the common ratio of a
∴ m  5d  3m geometric sequence are a and R respectively,
2m which of the following about the sequence are
d
5
true?
∴ The second arithmetic mean 若一個等比數列的首項是 a 而公比是 R，下
167
Question Bank
n 1
列何者關於該數列的敍述是正確的？ 2 2
B.  
I. General term  aR n 3 5
n 1
a(1  R n )  4
II. Sum of first n terms  C.  
1 R  15 
n 1
a  4
III. Sum to infinity  (1  R  1) D.  
1 R  15 
B
I. 通項  aR n
2 1
a(1  R n ) 4 2 2
II. 首 n 項之和  T (2)     
15 3  5
1 R 3 1
8 2 2
a T (3)    
III. 無限項之和  (1  R  1) 75 3  5
1 R
n 1
2 2
∴ T ( n)   
3 5
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
23. Find the general term of the geometric
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III 1
sequence ,1,3,9,
C 3
For I: 1
n 1
求等比數列 ,1,3,9,... 的通項。
General term  aR 3
∴ I is not true. A. 3n
B. 3 n 1
For II: C. 3n2
Sum of first n terms D. 3 n 3
C
a(1  R n )

1 R 1
T (2)  1   32 1
3
∴ II is true.
1
T (3)  3   33 1
3
1
For III: T (4)  9   34 1
3
a
Sum to infinity 
1 R T ( n) 
1 n 1
3
∴
3
∴ III is true.  3n  2
22. Find the general term of the geometric

24. Find the 8th term of the geometric sequence
2 4 8
sequence , , , 16 32
3 15 75 8, , ,
3 9
2 4 8
求等比數列 , , ,... 的通項。 16 32
3 15 75 求等比數列 8, , ,... 的第 8 項。
n 1 3 9
22
A.   
35
168
and their Summation
1024 26. The sum of first n terms of a geometric

A.
2187 sequence is  2(1  4 n ) , find the third term
1024 of the sequence.
B. 
2187 已知一個等比數列首 n 項之和是
2048  2(1  4 n ) ，求該數列的第 3 項。
C.
6561 A. 96
2048 B. 384
D. 
6561 C.  96
B D.  384
16
Common ratio    8 A
3
2 T (3)  S (3)  S (2)

3  2(1  43 )  [2(1  42 )]
 126  30
8 1
 2  96
∴ T (8)  8  
 3
1024

2187
27 Find the number of terms in the geometric
sequence 1, a 2 , a 4 ,, a 4 m 2 .
25. It is given that 3,12,48, are in geometric 求等比數列 1, a 2 , a 4 ,...,a 4m 2 的項數。
sequence. If T(k) is the first term in the A. 2m  1
sequence greater than 1200, k = B. 2m  2
已知 3,12,48,... 是一個等比數列。若 T(k) C. 4m  2
是該數列中首個使得 T(k) > 1200 的項，則 D. 4m  3
k= B
A. 5. a2
Common ratio 
1
B. 6.
 a2
C. 7.
Let n be the number of terms.
D. 8.
B 1  ( a 2 ) n 1  a 4 m  2
12 a 2n  2  a 4m  2
Common ratio 
3 2n  2  4m  2
4 n  1  2m  1
∴ T (n)  3(4)n 1 n  2m  2
∵ T (k )  1200 ∴ There are 2m  2 terms in the sequence.
∴ 3(4) k 1  1200
4k 1  400 28. Find the number of terms in the geometric
k 1
log4  log400 2 1 3 9 2187
(k  1) log4  log400 sequence , , , ,  , .
3 2 8 32 32768
log400
k 1
log4 2 1 3 9 2187
求等比數列 , , , ,..., 的項
 5.32 (cor. to 2 d.p.) 3 2 8 32 32768
k 6
數。
169
Question Bank
A. 6 30. The third term and the sixth term of a

B. 7 geometric sequence are 18 and 486
C. 8 respectively. Find the first term of the
D. 9 sequence.
D 已知一個等比數列的第 3 項是 18，而第 6
1
 項是 486。求該數列的首項。
3
Common ratio  2  
2 4 A. 3
3
B. 2
Let n be the number of terms.
C. 6
n 1
2 3 2187 D. 8
  
3 4 32 768 B
n 1
 3 6561 Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio
  
 4 65 536
respectively.
n 1 8
 3  3
    
∴ T (n)  aRn 1
 4  4
n 1  8 T (3)  aR2  18 ......( 1)
n9 T (6)  aR  486 ......( 2)
5
∴ There are 9 terms in the sequence. (2)  (1), R 3  27

R3
29. If x  1,3x  1,5x  3 are three consecutive By substituting R  3 into (1), we have
terms of a geometric sequence, find the a(32 )  18

value(s) of x. a2
若 x  1,3x  1,5x  3 是一個等比數列的三 ∴ The first term of the sequence is 2.
個連續項，求 x 的值。
A. 1 31. The second term and the fourth term of a
B. 1 geometric sequence of positive numbers are
1 4 4
C. 1 or and , find the fifth term of the
2 3 27
1 sequence.
D. 1 or 
2 已知一個由正數組成的等比數列的第 2 項
D
4 4
∵ x  1, 3x  1, 5x  3 are in geometric sequence. 是，而第 4 項是，求該數列的第 5
3 27
∴ (3 x  1) 2  ( x  1)(5 x  3)
項。
9x2  6x  1  5x2  8x  3
4x2  2x  2  0 1
A.
2x2  x  1  0 81
(2 x  1)( x  1)  0 4
1 B.
x or 1 243
2
4
C.
81
170
and their Summation
3 ∴ xy  s 2
D.
245 ∵ a, s, b is also in geometric sequence.
C ∴ s 2  ab
Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio
∴ II is correct.
respectively.
∴ xy  ab
n 1
∴ T (n)  aR ∴ I is correct.
4
T (2)  aR  ......( 1)
3
4 33 It is given that x and y are positive numbers.
T (4)  aR5  ......( 2)
27
If x and y are the geometric means between 1
(2)  (1) ,
and 100, find log x  log y .
1
R  2
已知 x 和 y 是正數。若 x 和 y 是 1 與
9
1 1
R  or  (rejected)
100 之間的等比中項，求 log x + log y。
3 3
A. 1
1
By substituting R  into (1), we have B. 2
3
C. 4
1 4 D. 8
a  
3 3 B
a4 Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to
4 be formed.
1
∴ T (5)  4 
3 The geometric sequence formed is 1, R, R2, 100
4 ∴ R3  100

81 log x  log y  log xy
 log(R  R 2 )
 log R 3
32. If x and y are the geometric means between a  log100
and b, s is the geometric mean between x and 2
y, which of the following is/are NOT true?

若 x 和 y 是 a 與 b 之間的等比中項，而 34. Find the sum of first 20 terms of the
s 是 x 與 y 的等比中項，下列何者並不正 arithmetic series 18  14  10  6  
確？求等差級數 18  14  10  6  ... 首 20 項之
I. xy  ab 和。
II. s 2  ab A. 1120
III. x 2  ab B. 800
A. I only C. 400
B. II only D. 580
C. III only C
D. I, II and III
 4
C
a, x, s, y, b
171
Question Bank
20 1
∴ Sum  [2(18)  (20  1)(4)] (2)  (1), R 3 
2 8
  400
1
R
2
35. Find the sum of the arithmetic series 1

求等差級數 3  7  11  ...  63 各項之和。 2
3  7  11    63 .
1
a   8
A. 528 2
a  16
B. 495
C. 561   1 6 
161    
D. 1056   2  
A ∴ S ( 6)  
1
1
Common difference  7  3 2
4  63 
 32 
 64 
Let n be the number of terms of the series.
63

2
3  (n  1)(4)  63
4(n  1)  60
n  16
37. If the general term T (n) of an arithmetic
∴ Sum 
16
(3  63) sequence is 4  3n , find T (4)    T (20) .
2
 528 若一個等差數列的通項 T(n) 是 4  3n ，
求 T (4)  ...  T (20) 。
A. 640
36. If the second term and the fifth term of a
B. 680
geometric series are 8 and 1 respectively, find
C. 800
the sum of the first 6 terms of the series.
D. 1000
若一個等比級數的第 2 項是 8，而第 5 項是 B
1，求該級數首 6 項之和。 ∵ T (n)  4  3n
A. 15 ∴ T (4)  16
B. 63 T (20)  64
T (4)  ...  T (20)
63
C. 17
2  (16  64)
2
D. 31  680
C
Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio
38. 1  2  4  8    2 3n 
respectively.
A. 2 3n  1
n 1
∵ T (n)  aR
B. 2 3n 1  1
∴ T (2)  aR  8 ......( 1)
C. 2 3n 1  1
T (5)  aR4  1 ......( 2)
D. 2 3n  1
C
172
and their Summation
∵ The series is a geometric series with common Let a and R be the first term and the common ratio
ratio 2. respectively.
a(1  R 3 ) 9
∴ 1  2  4  ...  23n ∴  ......( 1)
1 R 4
1(23n 1  1)
 a
2
2 1 1 R
......( 2)
 23n 1  1
9
(1)  (2), 1  R 3 
8
1
39. The 6th term of a geometric series is 486 and R3  
8
the common ratio is 3. Find the sum of the R
1
2
first 5 terms of the series.
已知一個等比級數的第 6 項是 486 而公比 1
By substituting R   into (2), we have
是 3。求該級數首 5 項之和。 2
A. 242 a
2
 1
B. 486 1  
 2
C. 162 4
a
D. 121 3
A
Let a be the first term.
41. Find the sum to infinity of the geometric
∵ T (6)  486
3 9 27
∴ a(3)5  486
series 1    
10 100 1000
a2
3 9 27
求等比級數 1     ... 的無限
2(35  1) 10 100 100
∴ S (5) 
3 1
 242 項之和。
7
A.
10
40. In a geometric series, if the sum of the first
8
9 B.
three terms is and the sum to infinity is 2, 7
4
10
find the first term of the series. C.
7
9
若一個等比級數的首 3 項之和是，而無 10
4 D.
3
限項之和是 2，求該級數的首項。 C
4 3
A. Common ratio  1
10
3
3

B. 3 10
C. 4 ∴ Sum to infinity 
1
3
1 1
D.  10
2 10

A 7
173
Question Bank
42. Find the sum of all positive terms in the

2 4 8
geometric sequence , , , 
3 15 75
2 4 8
求等比數列 , , ,... 中所有正數項之
3 15 75
和。
5
A.
21
10
B.
21
50
C.
63
50
D.
87
C
4 2 2
Common ratio    
15 3 5
∵ All positive terms of the sequence formed
another geometric sequence with common

2
 2
ratio    .
 5
∴ Sum of all positive terms
2
 3
2
 2
1  
 5
50

63
174

Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences and Their Summation (A)

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Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences

and their Summation

2. Consider the following sequence

3. Consider the following sequence

(b) ∵ T (n)  2 logn

and T (n)  a  (n  1)d

and y is the arithmetic mean between x and 1.

By substituting (3) into (2), we have

By substituting x  21 into (3), we have

T (21)  a  20d  16 (1)

(b) T (n)  a  (n  1)d

7. Given an arithmetic sequence –57, –51, –45, ..., 207.

∴ T (n)  57  (n  1)(6)

Let 207 be the kth term.

8. Given two numbers 15 and 63,

∴ The two required arithmetic means are 31 and 47.

(b) Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic sequence to be formed.

∴ The three required arithmetic means are 27, 39 and 51.

T (3)  aR2  5 (1)

By substituting R  3 into (1), we have

and T (n)  aRn 1

and T (n)  aRn 1

(b) ∵ T (n)  2(4)n 1

(b) 若一個等差級數的首項是–31 而公差是 3，求該等差級數首 12 項之和。

(b) a  31, d  3 and n  12

14. (a) Insert two geometric means between 54 and 128.

The two required geometric means are 72 and 96.

(b) Let R be the common ratio of the geometric sequence to be formed.

15. If the geometric mean between k and 3k  2 is 2k  3 , find the value(s) of k.

16. Given an arithmetic series (–17) + (–13) + ( –9) + ...,

∴ T (15)  17  (15  1)(4)

30[2(17)  (30  1)(4)]

(d) T (16)  T (17)    T (30)  S (30)  S (15)

(b) Let N be the number of terms that must be taken.

∴ 45 terms of arithmetic series must be taken.

∴ At least 6 terms is required.

(b) Let N be the number of terms that must be taken.

21. Find the sum to infinity of the following geometric series.

∴ 1500 000  x(1.06)  x(1.06)   x(1.06)

1500 000  x(1.06)    x(1.06)14  x(1.06)15

∴ Mr. So should deposit $60 800 at the beginning of each year.

23. Express the following recurring decimals as fractions.

(b) 0.37 5  0.3  0.075  0.00075 0.000 007 5

(c) 4.1 25  4.125 125 125

(ii) Area of A1B1C1D  82 cm  64 cm2

Area of A1B1C1D2  (4 2 )2 cm2  32 cm

∴ Sum of perimeters  (32  16 2  ) cm

Sum of areas  (64  32  ) cm 2

∴ T (n)  178  (n  1)(3)

Let kth term is the last positive term of the sequence.

There are 60 positive terms in the sequence.

and T (n)  a  (n  1)d

∴ Maximum number of terms  24

The geometric sequence formed is:

By substituting R  2 into (1), we have

在圖中，C1 是一個圓心為 O1 的圓，它內切於一個邊長 4 cm 的正方形 PQRS；C2 是一個以 O2 為圓

(a) (i) Find r1 and r2

(Give your answer correct to 4 significant figures.)

12  122  4(1)(4) 12  122  4(1)(4)