1. a) describe morphological classification of WBCs (2.5 marks)
b) state 2 important difference characteristic of each WBCs ( 5 marks)
c) what is the condition when there is increase in WBC. (2.5 marks)
1 2. a) with the help of a labelled diagram, describe the components of red cell membrane
b) mention 4 functions of red cell membrane
2 3. a) describe the structure of haemoglobin (4m) b) state four functions of haemoglobin (2m)
c) state one condition for increased in haemoglobin concentration and one condition for decreased in haemoglobin concentration. (2m)
d) what will happen if haemoglobin is in free form (2m)
3 4. Define haemopoiesis. Describe the stages of erythropoiesis & the factors affecting it.
4 5. Describe the absorbtion, function and deficiency manifestation of VitaminB12
5 6. Describe palatine tonsils under the following headings – location (2m) - relations (2m) - applied anatomy (1m); -describe histology of lymph nodes with a neat labelled diagram (5m)
6 EBA SEQ GENEZEN
a) Explain thymus with neat diagram. [5M]
b) Explain gross anatomy of spleen with respective component: i. Border and surface [2M] ii. Relation [2M] iii. Ligament [1M]
7 2. a) Define erythropoiesis [1M] b) Stages of erythropoiesis [4M] c) Regulation of erythropoiesis [5M]
8 3. a) Define haemostasis [1M] b) Mention steps of haemostasis [2M] c) With flowchart, explain intrinsic & extrinsic pathway [7M]
9 4. a) Mechanism of iron absorption b) Function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin B12
10 5. a) Define chronic myeloproliferative disorder [2M] b) Give 3 examples of non-leukemic myeloproliferative disorders [3M] c) Mutation that is diagnosed [2M] d) State characteristics of leucoerythroblastic blood picture [3M]
11 6. a) Define bleeding disorder [2M] b) 4 clinical features of haemophilia B [4M] c) 4 lab test interpretations for bleeding disorders [4M]
12 EBA SEQ INSIGNES
SEQ 1. a) Mention the steps involved in synthesis of haemoglobin (4m) • Hb is synthesized in the cytoplasm of Intermediate normoblasts. • Formation of Hb requires Heme and Globin • Heme is formed in mitochondria • Globin is formed in ribosomes.
13 2. a) With a labelled diagram describe protein component of RBC cell membrane (4+4m)
14 SEQ PASS YEAR INVICTUS
SEQ 1
)a) describe morphological classification of WBCs (2.5 marks)
b) state 2 important difference characteristic of each WBCs ( 5 marks) c) what is the condition when there is increase in WBC. (2.5 marks)
15 2) a) with the help of a labelled diagram, describe the components of red cell membrane b) mention 4 functions of red cell membrane
16 3a) describe the structure of haemoglobin (4m) b) state four functions of haemoglobin (2m) c) state one condition for increased in haemoglobin concentration and one condition for decreased in haemoglobin concentration. (2m) d) what will happen if haemoglobin is in free form (2m)
17 5) Define haemopoiesis. Describe the stages of erythropoiesis & the factors affecting it
18 6) Describe the absorption, function and deficiency manifestation of VitaminB12
19 7) Describe palatine tonsils under the following headings a) location (2m) b) relations (2m) c) applied anatomy (1m); d) describe histology of lymph nodes with a neat, labelled diagram (5m)
20 2. SEQ GENEZEN SELANJAR 1) Explain and describe erythropoiesis and its regulation. [10M]
21 2) Describe morphology and functions of granulocytes. [10M]
22 SEQ GENEZEN EBA 1. a) Explain thymus with neat diagram. [5M] b) Explain gross anatomy of spleen with respective component: i. Border and surface [2M] ii. Relation [2M] iii. Ligament [1M]
23 2. a) Define erythropoiesis [1M] b) Stages of erythropoiesis [4M] c) Regulation of erythropoiesis nd factors affecting it[5M]
24 3. a) Define haemostasis [1M] b) Mention steps of haemostasis [2M] c) With flowchart, explain intrinsic & extrinsic pathway [7M
25 4. a) Mechanism of iron absorption b) Function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin B12
5. a) Define chronic myeloproliferative disorder [2M]
26 b) Give 3 examples of non-leukemic myeloproliferative disorders [3M] c) Mutation that is diagnosed [2M] d) State characteristics of leucoerythroblastic blood picture [3M] 6. a) Define bleeding disorder [2M] b) 4 clinical features of haemophilia B [4M] c) 4 lab test interpretations for bleeding disorders [4M]
27 3. SEQ INVICTUS EBA 1) Haemoglobin a) Mention steps involved in synthesis of haemoglobin b) List 2 advantages if haemoglobin was present in free form c) List 4 functions of haemoglobin
2) RBC
28 a) With labelled diagram, describe protein component of RBC cell membrane b) List 4 functions of RBC cell membrane
29 LUMIERE EBA
1) Thalassemia a)definition b)list different types of hb c)classify thallasemia d)pathogenesis of alpha thallasemia
30 2a) Classify Hodgkin disease. b) Describe gross changes in different organs in Hodgkin disease. c) List differences between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma
31 3) Nutritional anemia a) Types or classify b) Dietary sources of iron c) Clinical features of IDA d) Changes in peripheral blood smear
32 4) leukemia a) Classification of leukaemia acc FAB b) Clinical features acute promyelocytic leukaemia c) Peripheral blood smear in acute myeloid leukaemia
33 5) a) Different organs in fetal life for haematopoiesis b) Development stages of haematopoiesis c) TAKDE
34 6) a) Name different types of leucocytes. b) Structural characteristic of each type. c)tkde
35 7) Haemostasis a) Definition b)Steps in haemostasis c) Outline coagulation cascade
36 ODDITYX SELANJAR SEQ 1) Describe the synthesis of heme in a developing red blood cell.
37 2) a) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the proteins of a red blood cell membrane b) State FOUR (4) functions of the red blood cell membrane
38 ODDYTYX EBA
1) a)Describe the mech of iron absorption [5marks]
b) State the function & deficiency manifestations of Vitamin B12. [5 marks]
39 A. State 4 causes of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation [4 M] B. Briefly explain the mechanism of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation [3M] C. State 3 lab test findings of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation [3 marks]
40 3) a) Define chronic myeloproliferative disorder[2 marks] b) State 3 examples of nonleukemic myeloproliferative disorders [3 marks] c)Name the mutation used for diagnosis [2 marks] d)Describe leukoerythroblastic blood picture [3 marks]
41 4A. Mention the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. B. Mention 4 differences between acute & chronic types. C. State 4 clinical features of the disease.
42 SEQ XANTHRON (SELANJAR)
a)State the different type of plasma protein [1. 5 marks]
b) Briefly describe the function of plasma protein [3.5 marks] c) Briefly describe the function of haemoglobin [5 marks]
43 2) a)Brieflydescribetheproteincomponentofredbloodcellmembranewithexample b) 3 function of red blood cell membrane protein [3 marks]
44 SEQ XANTHRONS EBA 1. Describe spleen under the following heading a) Gross (3m) b) Relations (2m) c) 2 related ligaments (1m) d) Histology (4m)
45 2. Hemolytic anemia a) etiopathogenesis (4m) b) clinical features (2m) c) prevention (2m) d) treatment (2m)
46 3. Hemostasis a) definition (1m) b) List 4 Vit K dependent factors (2m) c) Intrinsic pathway (7m)
47 4. a) Describe any 6 functions of plasma proteins. (6m ) b) state 4 hypoalbunemia conditions. (4m)
48 5. a) Pathogenesis of CML. (3m)
Translocation involving the BCR gene on chromosome 9 and the ABL gene on chromosome 22 (Philadelphia chromosome) [t (9:22) (q34: q11)] The resultant BCR-ABL fusion gene directs the synthesis of a 210-KD fusion protein with tyrosine kinase activity Ph chromosome is seen in erythroid/myeloid/megakaryocytic cells
b) Phases of CML (3m)
o Chronic (stable) phase 2-6 years o Aggressive phase
o Acute phase
c) 4 differences between CML and Leukemoid reactions. (4m)
49 6. a) Classification of hemolytic anaemia with example. (5m) b) 2 lab test for sickle cell anemia. (3m) c) 3 complications of sickle cell anemia. (3m)
50 INVICTUS PYQ
1. a. State the different types of plasma protein (1.5 marks)
b. Briefly describe the functions of plasma protein (3.5 marks) c. Briefly describe the functions of haemoglobin (5 marks)
51 2. a. Briefly describe the general symptoms of anaemia (3 marks) b. Briefly describe the haematinics that is used in microcytic and its mechanism and preparation (5 marks) c. State 2 drugs that induce haemolysis by drug absorption mechanism (2 marks)
52 PAST YEAR ALEXENDRITE
SEQ 1
Describe palatine tonsil under following headings
1. location 2. surfaces and borders 3. relations 4. applied
53 SEQ 2
1. Describe normal erythropoiesis
2. Name the 3 factors influencing on it
54 SBQ 106 HAEMATOLOGY AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM e. lab findings in this disease SEQ 3
1. Define Landsteiner law
2. Define cross-matching and describe the types 3. List any 4 hazards of blood transfusion
55 ATMA PASS YEAR
1. Describe iron absorption in intestine
56 2. List components of hemostasis and their functions
57 BONUS QUESTION Mechanism of anemia in pyruvate kinase deficiency
58 GENEZEN SELANJAR
1)You are provided with 1 microscopic slide (X) and a photomicrograph (Y) of the same organ. a) Identify the organ (Spleen) b) Identify structure A and B of photomicrograph Y (Red pulp & White pulp) c) Histology features of A d) Histology features of B
2) Female, 25 y/o, RBC is 3.5× 1012/L, PCV is 25%
Hb = _____ x (f) → formula in cyanmethemoglobin method (f = 21.05)
a) Calculate Hb using provided apparatus (cyanmethemoglobin)
b) Calculate MCV c) Calculate MCH d) Interpret data & state the causes
ODDITYX SELANJAR
OSCE
1) You are provided with a blood sample from a patient and blood grouping reagent. Perform forward ABO blood grouping by tile method. State the patient’s a) ABO and Rhesus blood group. (4m) b) State the reversed ABO grouping expected in this patient. (2 marks) c) State 2 blood groups that can be transfused to this patient. (2 marks) d) State one complication if incompatible ABO blood group is transfused to this patient. (1 mark)
XANTHRON SELANJAR
1) Ahmad, 9 years old boy has prolonged bleeding after circumcision. His maternal uncle also has the same disorder
a) What two(2) relevant questions you would like to ask
b) Interpret the lab result [2 marks] c) Principle of prolonged isolated APTT d) State 2 other factor deficiency that cause prolonged APTT e) What is the disease f) What mode of inherited disorder
2) Sickle Cell Anaemia
a) Describe the red blood cell smear b) What is the diagnosis c) Other test to confirm the diagnosis d) Complication e) Pathophysiology of the complication f) The gene involve INVICTUS OSCE Alexandrite / Xavier (KLE) OSCE 1 You are provided with the following information: A 5 year-old boy presented with abrupt onset of petechiae, two weeks following a viral 'lines, On examination child was playful and there was no organomegally. His platelet count was 20,000 cells per mm. There were giant platelets on peripheral smear. Petechias Purpura
1. State the diagnosis in this case
2. Identify the skin lesions 3. State 3 clinical features of this disease 4. State 2 other laboratory test in this case 5. State the bone marrow findings in this case
OSCE 2
You are provided with densitograms of serum protein electrophoresis X & Y
1. Identify X and Y 2. Identify bands A, B, C, D and E 3. Give 3 functions of protein present in band A ATMA
OSCE 1
Given certain sample, conduct Rh and ABO blood test - direct test
1. List blood group that they can recive based on the result
OSCE 2
1. Label A-E 2. Function of A 3. Factors that affect electrophoretic mobility of protein
